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\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 INTRODUCTION}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid4719491 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 HISTORY
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 The shire that was centred on the borough of Derby is first named in the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3015745\charrsid3015745 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  in 1048, as an}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  area }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 where 'wild fire did much harm'. This follows mention of an earthquake in Derby itself. However, the shire's }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
history cannot be separated from that of the adjacent counties of Nottinghamshire, first mentioned in 1016, and of Leicestershire, first mentioned in Domesday Book itself.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 These counties, together with Lincolnshire and Northamptonshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
 seem to have arisen from the successive defeat of individual Danish armies that occupied their respective areas. They had no individual identities before th}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 e Danish settlement of the late-}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 ninth century and it is not certain when they became shires in the sense of acquiring a central administration of tax and justice, a county court and a sheriff. 
\par \tab The territory that became Derbyshire was probably settled in the south by the Middle Angles, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5570785 once a separate people (Bede, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5570785 Ecclesiastical History}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5570785 , i. 15}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5570785\charrsid5570785 : Colgrave and Mynors,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5570785  pp. 51-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1273485\charrsid5570785 5}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5570785 
2), who became subject to the kings of Mercia in the mid-seventh century}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  when King Penda (died 655) set his son Peada (died 657) over them. This people is no doubt included in the }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Myrcenes Landes}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  (Mercian Lands) in which 300,000 household}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid10294923 s are assessed by the Tribal Hidage}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9514030\charrsid10294923 ; see Hill, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9514030\charrsid10294923 Atlas of Anglo-Saxon England}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9514030\charrsid10294923 , p. 76}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid10294923 .}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  In the highland zone dwelt a separate group, the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Pecsaetna}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  ('the Peak dwellers') with 1200 households.}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  To the north of them lay the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid4136350 Elmedsaetna}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
 with 600 households. They named or were named from the area of Elmet lying to the east of Leeds. Their inclusion in the Tribal Hidage shows that they then lay in Mercia o
r were tributary to it. They were later in Northumbria and later still their area was included in Yorkshire.
\par \tab By the early ninth century, the northern boundary of what became Derbyshire appears to have been the same as the northern limit of Mercia}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16647669 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  for in 829 it is recorded in the }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3015745\charrsid3015745 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
 that King Edgbert [of Wessex] having 'conquered the kingdom of the Mercians and everything south of the [River] Humber ... led an army to Dore against the Northumbrians' (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 translation from Whitelock and others, }
{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , p}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 p. 40-4}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 1}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16647669 .}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  The River Humber was long the boundary between Lindsey and Northumbria and later between Lincolnshire and Yorkshire. Dore lay at SK3081 close to the later boundary with Derbyshire. There would be less of a gap between t
he River Humber and Dore if by 'Humber' the chronicler included its tributary, the River Don. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx360\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13134887 {\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
In the latter half of the ninth century Danish invaders had begun to maraud freely in northern Mercia. According to the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3015745\charrsid3015745 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  they spent the win
ter of 873-874 at Repton close to the future Derbyshire/ Leicestershire }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 border. In the following spring}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
 the army split, part going from Repton into Northumbria, where they camped for the winter beside the River Tyne, part going to Cambridge 'where they sta
yed a year'. It is not stated if any remained at Repton, but they had probably already devastated the royal estate and the important monastery which was there. Then in 877 'in the harvest season the army went into Mercia and shared out some of it and gave
 
some to Ceolwulf'. Ceolwulf was a pro-Danish Mercian king put on the throne in 874 and his portion of Mercia seems to have lain south-west of the Foss Way; the rest was ceded to the Danes. This was the beginning of the Danish settlement which occupied ter
ritory that was later to become the counties of Northamptonshire (north-east of Watling Street), Rutland, Lincolnshire, Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire and Yorkshire. In 879 Ceolwulf died and the rump of Mercia passed to Aethelred, their ealdorman, who accept
}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ed the overlordship of Alfred, K}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
ing of Wessex and married his daughter Aethelflaed. Aethelred and Aethelflaed began a series of measures to counter the Danes, mainly the construction of a series of fortified }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 burh}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 s, and their work was continued after Aethelred's death by Aethelflaed alone and then by King Edward the Elder, King Alfred's son and her brother. In Wessex, which had not been settled by the Danes, the }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Burghal Hidage}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9514030  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 shows that land surrounding these }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 burh}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid4136350 s}
{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  was laid under contribution for the upkeep of the defence}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid10294923 s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9514030\charrsid10294923 ; see Maitland, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9514030\charrsid10294923 
Domesday Book and Beyond}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9514030\charrsid10294923 , pp. 503-504; Stenton, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9514030\charrsid10294923 Anglo-Saxon England}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9514030\charrsid10294923 , p. 265; Hill, 'Burghal Hidage'; Keynes and Lapidge, }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9514030\charrsid10294923 Alfred the Great}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9514030\charrsid10294923 , pp. 193-4, 339-41}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid10294923 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
 However, in the areas occupied by the Danes the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 burh}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid4136350 s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
 seem to have been hastily constructed often for individual campaigns and it is not certain that any territorial arrangements were made, or could be, for their maintenance.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8988962 \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8988962\charrsid4737889 In their turn, the Danish armies constructed fortified sites, perhaps from the beg
inning of their settlement, perhaps only after the Danish army from Northumbria, which had broken the peace, was defeated at Tettenhall (in Staffordshire) in 910.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8988962\charrsid5464266 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13134887 {\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 \tab Even before the re-conquest of the areas held by the Danish armies, they were not impenetrab
le to the English. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 At some time}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  before 911 Ealdorman Aethelred}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  on the instructions of King Edward the Elder}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  purchased Hope and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 Ashford-in-the-Water}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  (which perhap}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16522360 s included Bakewell) 'from the h}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 eathen'; see 1,28 Ashford note.
\par \tab The Danish host seems to have been divided into a series of separate armies, each of them based on a major }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 burh}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  of their own}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5597464  and the }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5597464\charrsid5464266 future shire of Derby was probably in essence the territory that had been occupied by the army based on the borough.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5597464  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 In 9
13 Danish armies 'from Northampton and from Leicester rode out after Easter and broke the peace, and killed many men at Hook Norton (Oxfordshire) and round about there'. Again, in 917, Danish armies from Northampton, Leicester and north of there broke the
 peace and laid siege to Towcester (Northamptonshire), which had been occupied and fortified by the English earlier in the year. But King Edward the Elder }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5329193 recaptured it, fortified it with a stone wall and in that same year }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 accepted }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5329193 the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 submission of the Danish army from Northampton }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5329193 'as far north as the [River] Welland}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5597464 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5329193 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 In that year }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5329193 also }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
Aethelflaed 'obtained the borough which is called Derby, with all that belongs to it'. It is not certain where the Danish }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 burh}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
 was in Derby and whether Aethelflaed constructed one of her own before attacking the Danes. The Danes or the English may have refortified the Roman camp at Lit}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 tle Chester. In 918 Aethelflaed}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  'recovered by peaceful means the borough of Leicester for the English, the greater part of its Danish army becoming subject to her' and in that }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5597464 same year King Edward the Elder had a }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5597464\charrsid5597464 burh}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5597464  built at Stamford on the south side of the River Welland and}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
 captured the borough of Nottingham 'and ordered it to be repaired and manned both with Englishmen and Danes. And all the people who had settled in Mercia, both Danish and English, submitted to him'}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5329193 . }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 This }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3025402 appears to have brought }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 an end to that particular Danish occupation of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3025402 
a great swathe of territory in what was formerly northern Mercia. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12463528 However, operations continued: i}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3025402 n 919, King Edward the Elder had a }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3025402\charrsid5597464 burh}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3025402  built }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5597464 at Thelwall (C}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3025402 
heshire) and had a Mercian army 'occupy [the fortress at] Manchester in Northumbria and repair and man it.' The area that became Derbyshire was now secure in the south and on its eastern and north-e
astern flanks. The operations of 920 appear to have cleared its whole surface of resis}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5597464 tance}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12463528 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5597464  for King Edward had a seco}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3025402 nd }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3025402\charrsid5597464 burh}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3025402  built at Nottingham}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5597464  on the sou}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3025402 th side of the river, opposite the other, the two linked by a bridge}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16522360 ,}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3025402  and then went into the Peak District to Bakewell where he had a }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3025402\charrsid5597464 burh}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3025402  built}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5597464 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16522360 T}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5597464 
he resul}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16522360 t was, allegedly, incredible because}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5597464  the king of the Scots and all his people 'and Ragnald, and the sons of Eadwulf and all who live in Northumbria, both English a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16522360 
nd Danish, Norsemen and others', }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5597464 as well as the king of the 'Strathclyde Welsh' and all his people}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16522360 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5597464  chose Edward as '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5597464\charrsid4737889 
father and lord' (quotations from the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3015745\charrsid3015745 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5597464\charrsid4737889  are from the translation}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5262429\charrsid4737889  by}{\f0\fs24\insrsid419273\charrsid4737889  
}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5597464\charrsid4737889 D. Whitelock and others}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3015745 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5597464\charrsid4737889  pp. 66-69}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16522360\charrsid4737889 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5597464\charrsid4737889 . The}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12463528\charrsid4737889 re is some hagiography in this c}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5597464\charrsid4737889 hronicle based o}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5597464 
n Wessex sources, but it does appear that King Edward pacified the Danes, secured the northern border of the former Mercia }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 and began the process of its incorporation into a united England.}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5597464 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 \tab 
Scarcely had these areas been freed from Danish armies, however, and begun to return to peaceful cultivation than they were oppressed by the 'Norsemen' who had already taken York. They were liberated in 942 by King Edmund and formed an alliance known as t
he territory}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 or the confederation of the Five Boroughs. The }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3015745\charrsid3015745 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
 for 942 records: 'In this year, King Edmund, lord of the English, protector of men, the beloved performer of mighty deeds}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  overran Mercia, as}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
 bounded by the Dore, Whitwell G}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 ate and the broad stream, the River Humber}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15207001 , }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 and}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15207001  by}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  five boroughs, Leicester and Lincoln, Nottingham and likewise Stamford and also Derby. The Danes were previously subjected by force under the Norsemen, for a long time in the bonds of captivity to the heathe
ns, until the defender of warriors, the son of Edward, King Edmund, redeemed them}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 , to his glory}{\f0\fs24\insrsid419273\charrsid4737889 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid419273  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 (translation by}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  Whitelock and others, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , p. 71); see Mawer, 'Redemption of the Five Boroughs'. }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 Of the boundary points, Dore also appears in the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3015745\charrsid3015745 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
 for 829, showing that the boundary between Northumbria and Mercia, which was presumably also the boundary between two groups of 'Northmen'}{\f0\fs24\insrsid419273 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
 had remained remarkably stable through all the upheavals of Danish and Viking arrival and settlement. Whitwell is at SK5276 also, like Dore, close to the later Derbyshire-Yorkshire border.
\par \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 This confederation was no doubt created so that the men of these boroughs and the territory around them could act quickly and jointly against the Vikings o
f York, but it also formed as a buffer zone to protect southern Mercia and even Wessex and was probably intended to attract the Danes who had settled in the East Midlands away from those of York.
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 \tab The Five B}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 oroughs were still a distinct grouping early in the eleventh century (Stenton, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Anglo-Saxon England}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , pp. 385, 508-513) but far from being loyal to the south of the country when Swein invaded in 1013, these boroughs accepted him and the confederacy seems to have collapsed or been terminated soon after, whe
n he was expelled. However long they survived as a separate legal }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 entity within the Danelaw, these boroughs'}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  need to be }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 in }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 a defensive confederation came to an end in 954 with the death of Eric Bloodaxe, ruler of the Viking kingdom of York. This allowed the unification of England under a single monarch. From that}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  time, the need of each of the Five B}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 oroughs to have territory contributing to the maintenance of their fortifica}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 tions will have begun to weaken. Four }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 of the five towns (Derby, Nottingham, Leicester, Lincoln) became th}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 e capitals of shires}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
 named after them. The exception was Stamford which, probably shorn of some of its territory to the north and west, was incorporated into Lincolnshire. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 Nottingham is first named as a shire in 1016 (}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3015745\charrsid3015745 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
) and it is likely that by this date all the four shires (Derbyshire, Nottinghamshire, Leicestershire and Lincolnshire) were in existence, although the others are only evidenced later. The process by which these areas became shires in 
the sense of having a central administration of taxation and justice, a county court and a sheriff is unclear, but it is quite possible that these shires or proto-shires were in existence in the middle of the tenth century. The Nottinghamshire forest of S
herwood, meaning 'wood belonging to the shire', is mentioned in a copy of a genuine charter of 956 (Sawyer, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid11796609 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
, no. 659) by which land was granted to Southwell in Nottinghamshire (NTT 5,1 Southwell note). If the name Sherwood is not an updating or incorporated marginal gloss, this suggests that shiring had probably taken place by that time.}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
\par \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 Certainly t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 he land }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 of all Five B}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 oroughs had been divided into wapentakes}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3752586 ,}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  probably by the middle of the tenth century}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 , and there are reasons to think t
hat this was done on a county by county basis, rather than by treating the territory of the Five Boroughs as a unit}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 . The word wapentake is first found in the laws of King Edgar in 962 (Stenton, }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Anglo-Saxon England}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , p. 505). The Wantage Code of King Ethelred II (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 c}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3015745\charrsid3015745 .}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  997) makes them fundamental to the administration of justice}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  in this area of England}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 : }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
English Historical Documents}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  i. pp.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  439-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1273485 42 no. 43. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1273485\charrsid1273485 For the text, which is}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13201190\charrsid1273485  in}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1273485\charrsid1273485  both Old English and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13201190\charrsid1273485 Latin, see Liebermann, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13201190\charrsid1273485 Die Gesetze der Angelsachsen}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13201190\charrsid1273485 , i. p. 228, and Robertson, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13201190\charrsid1273485 Laws of the Kings of England}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13201190\charrsid1273485 , pp. 64-65, 318-19. See also Stenton, }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13201190\charrsid1273485 Anglo-Saxon England}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13201190\charrsid1273485 , pp. 509-10. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid1273485 In effect, the wapentakes, like the h}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
undreds of Wessex and southern Mercia}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
 assumed responsibility for peace and justice that had formerly been discharged by the multiple (usually royal) estates which were then beginning to break up. The Code makes each borough subordinate to the will of }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid4737889 the other four. Breach of the peace, given in the assembly of the Five Boroughs, is amended by 12 hundred}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12136821\charrsid4737889 s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid4737889  [}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12136821\charrsid4737889 of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11229250 "ora}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1273485 e"}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid4737889 ], peace given in an individual borough by 6 hundred}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12136821\charrsid4737889 s}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  and in a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  wapentake by one hu}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ndred. These }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid162796 'hundreds' }{\f0\fs24\insrsid162796 of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1273485 "orae"}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid162796  do not prove the existence at that time of the territorial small hundreds that}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
 are bound up with carucation, although the latter may well have become the territory responsible for providing the fine; see \{Introduction: Small Hundreds}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid10294923 \}}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13201190\charrsid10294923 
 and NTT S1 hundreds note}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid10294923 . In fact it is not certain at what point these wapentakes a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 ssumed responsibility for taxation and whether a carucation}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 (which is a fiscal measure) was imposed on them from the start, or whether in the beginning they adopted }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 or continued to use }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 a previous hidation; see \{Introduction: Carucation\}.
\par \tab By 1086 Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire were closely related. They appear to have had the same number of wapentakes, a very similar carucation and to have shared the same shire customs, court and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 shire-reeve (}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 sheriff}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 ; see B15 shires note. They also differ in these respects
 from Leicestershire and Lincolnshire. It is therefore possible that they once formed a single shire. 
\par }{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 It seems that the Derbyshire that emerged from the disarming of a Danish host and later from the Confederation of the Five Boroughs was }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
largely a }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 new unit: like Nottinghamshire it was an accretion of territory of diverse history around a single }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 burh}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 .}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 The north of the county and the south are utterly different in terrain.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
Moreover, the Peak District must long have been an uneasy frontier between York a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 nd the rich valley of the Trent. Some of the Derbyshire borders, especially with Leicestershire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12213566 ,}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  were artificial, although others, especially with Nottinghamshire, were natural, being perhaps originally an easy choice of frontier between different Danish armie
s. Part at least of the boundary between Yorkshire and Derbyshire seems to have been}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12213566  more ancient, having earlier b}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 een the line of demarcation between the kingdoms of Mercia and Northumbria}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16192180 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11041589  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11041589\charrsid1129137 However}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1129137\charrsid1129137 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11041589\charrsid1129137  the one internal division of Mercia that i}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1129137\charrsid1129137 s known from historical sources - the River Trent -}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11041589\charrsid1129137  was only intermittently used to mark off the new shires}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1129137\charrsid1129137  formed from Mercia}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11041589\charrsid5570785 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11809816\charrsid5570785 It had once, according to Bede (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid11041589\charrsid5570785 Ecclesiastical History}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11041589\charrsid5570785 , iii. 24}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5570785\charrsid5570785 : Colgrave and Mynors}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11041589\charrsid5570785 , pp. 294-95}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11809816\charrsid5570785 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9120487\charrsid5570785 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11041589\charrsid5570785 
 divided North }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15409698\charrsid5570785 Mercia }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11041589\charrsid5570785 from South Mercia. Moreover, although the tribes tha}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11041589\charrsid1129137 t constituted }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15408371\charrsid1129137 Mercia }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11041589\charrsid1129137 seem to have had some continuing importance even }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15408371\charrsid1129137 into the tenth century, no }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11041589\charrsid1129137 
shire }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15408371\charrsid1129137 corresponded to }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11041589\charrsid1129137 what is known to }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9120487 have }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11041589\charrsid1129137 be}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9120487 en}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11041589\charrsid1129137  their territory}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15408371\charrsid1129137  and the shire boundaries}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11041589\charrsid1129137  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15408371\charrsid1129137 often cut through tribal areas: the }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid11041589\charrsid1129137 Magonsaete}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11041589\charrsid1129137  appear in a Herefordshire charter of 958 (Sawyer, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid11041589\charrsid1129137 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11041589\charrsid1129137 
,  no. 677),}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15408371\charrsid1129137  but their area }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15409698\charrsid1129137 was partly in Herefordshire, partly in Gloucestershire and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15408371\charrsid1129137 partly in Shropshire; }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11041589\charrsid1129137 the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid11041589\charrsid1129137 Wreocensaete}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11041589\charrsid1129137  are mentioned in a Shropshire grant of 963 (Sawyer, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid11041589\charrsid1129137 
Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11041589\charrsid1129137 ,  no. 723}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1129137\charrsid1129137 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15409698\charrsid1129137  and they were divided between Shropshire and Cheshire; t}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11041589\charrsid1129137 he }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid11041589\charrsid1129137 Pecsaete}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11041589\charrsid1129137  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15409698\charrsid1129137 appear }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11041589\charrsid1129137 
in a charter of the same year relating to Ballidon }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15409698\charrsid1129137 (10,22) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11041589\charrsid1129137 in Derbyshire (Brooks, Gelling and John}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15409698\charrsid1129137 son}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1129137\charrsid1129137 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15409698\charrsid1129137  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6430561 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15409698\charrsid1129137 New Charter of King Edgar}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6430561 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15409698\charrsid1129137 
), but they were not the only tribe in Derbyshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11041589\charrsid1129137 ; see Gelling, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid11041589\charrsid1129137 West Midlands}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11041589\charrsid1129137 , p.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1129137\charrsid1129137  
}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11041589\charrsid1129137 145.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid15409698 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13134887 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13134887 \f2\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 (On the origins of Derbyshire, see }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 VCH Derbyshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 , ii. pp. 94-96}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 ; }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Place-Names of Derbyshire}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , i. pp. xxiv, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 xxviii, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 xxxiv; }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7558915 Stafford, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7558915\charrsid7558915 
East Midlands in the Early Middle Ages}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7558915 , pp. 109-43; }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Roffe, 'Origins of Derbyshire'; Roffe}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  'Introduction'}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 The Derbyshire Domesday'}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , pp. 14-19.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 On the extent of Scandinavian settlement, see Cameron, 'Scandinavian Settlement of the Five Boroughs'.)
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 CARUCATION}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  
\par In common with the other shires that emerged from the territory of the Five Boroughs and Yorkshire, Derbyshire was assessed in 1066 as in 1086 not in the hides and virgates that are particularly associated with Wessex, East Anglia and southern 
and western Mercia but in carucates and bovates. As to the origins of this assessment, there are many obscurities. It is not certain when carucation took place nor is it known if it was imposed jointly across the territory of the Five Boroughs or evolved 
separately within each of the four shires that emerged from it (the lands of Stamford and Lincoln having merged to form the single county of Lincolnshire).}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
\par \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 In the hidated counties of England, the existence of estates assessed in 5, 10, 15 or 20 hides, and 
of adjacent holdings that, however fragmented their own figures are, nonetheless, in aggregate, add up to five hides or other 'decimal' figures, suggests that hidation was imposed from above and round assessments were applied to or split between estates. 
The same is true of carucates and bovates in Derbyshire. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8988962\charrsid4737889 This phenomenon was first analysed by Round, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8988962\charrsid4737889 Feudal England}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8988962\charrsid1129137 , }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11809816\charrsid1129137 pp. 47-76}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3015745 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8988962\charrsid4737889  who saw the assessment of the hidated counties as based on multiples of five and that of the Danelaw c
ounties as based on multiples of six. The essential difference is between decimal and duodecimal methods of reckoning. Neither notion will stand as baldly as it was stated by Round, although he was fundamentally correct in his view. In Nottinghamshire, as
 in Derbyshire, the as}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4737889\charrsid4737889 s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8988962\charrsid4737889 essment is duodecimal, though the basic units seem rather to be one and a half or three than six. Thus }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid4737889 
here are many assessments that either individually}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  or in total make }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8988962 1\'bd, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 3 or 6 or 9 or 12 or even 18 or 21 carucates. Even apparent
 fragments combine to make duodecimal numbers; see }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 VCH Derbyshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , i. pp. 295-96}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
 and, for example }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 Osmaston (1,19 carucates note), Ingleby (1,26}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  bovates note) and Breaston (6,65 bovate}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
 note). It is also probable that small, individual units of assessment combined to form 12-carucate }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9401815 units, or that }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 the basic unit of ass}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 essment of an area}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9401815  was 12 carucates}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 , further sub}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 divided between villages and estates. These units formed the so-called 'small hundreds' although only one }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 is e}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11286483 videnced in Derbyshire: Sawley }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 (2,1); see }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 \{Introduction: Small Hundreds\}.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13134887 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 \tab 
It is not so certain that there is significance in the threes, sixes and twelves that occur as the numbers of outliers attached to major manors, as there are also examples of seven, eight and two; see }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Roffe, }{
\i\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Derbyshire Domesday}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , p. 8;}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 'Introduction', }{
\i\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Derbyshire Domesday}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , p.}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887  }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 6.}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13134887 \f2\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 \tab 
The date of this carucation has been much discussed, for the evidence provided by Domesday is both tantali}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9401815 z}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
ing and insufficient. The terms 'carucate' and 'bovate' are particularly associated with the Danelaw counties, though they are not in origin Scandinavian terms; they are Medieval Latin terms derived respectively from }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 car(r)uca}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  ('plough') and }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 bos }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 ('ox'). Th
e duodecimality of the assessment might suggest that carucation originated during the Danish occupation of the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 late-ninth}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  century or after the ensuing peace with the English or f}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ollowing the liberation of the Five B}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 oroughs in 942. Even if this is so, it is not clear how far it began from the conversion of much older hidage figures. As to a date in the }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 late-ninth}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  century or at the beginning of the tenth century, it is not evident that conditions were sufficiently settled nor an administrative apparatus avail
able for a carucation (in the sense of a new assessment) to have taken place. Had carucation been a joint enterprise by the Five Boroughs, it might have been expected to be more uniformly applied, whereas the carucation of Leicestershire is greatly in exc
ess of that for the adjacent Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire. This argument could be discounted if it could be shown, or thought likely, that there had been subsequent increases or reductions that had made the shires appear different. Moreover}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9401815 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  Yorkshire was incorporated into the system, even though it was not a member of the Confederation of the Five Boroughs, which was in origin hostile to it.
\par \tab Any attempt to assign carucation to }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 late-ninth}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  century}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  or}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  to }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 the tenth century has to surmount two difficulties, one minor and one major. The minor difficulty is that the regularity of carucation}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 , }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
most evident in Domesday }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8916223\charrsid8916223 'Roteland'}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  and in the later }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid14758566 Lindsey Survey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9514030\charrsid14039442 (see Foster and Longley, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9514030\charrsid14039442 Lincolnshire Domesday}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid14039442 ) and the Leicestershire Survey }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14758566\charrsid14039442 
(see LEC \{Introduction: }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14039442\charrsid14039442 Related or 'Satellite' Texts}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14758566\charrsid14039442 \})}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , but partly recoverable from Domesday itself }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 for the Danelaw counties}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9401815 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
suggests a process that was the result of a single administrative decision (even if the actual assessment was applied more or less heavily}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  county by county}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
) and one that was carried out at a }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 comparatively }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 late date, though before 1066. It also seems artificial, dictated essentially by duodecimal assessments and grouping vills w}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 hich are not always adjacent}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  often ignoring older relationships between estates and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 cutting through tenurial links}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
. In terms of regularity it has as its parallel the shiring of Southern Mercia (divided into regular multiples of hides and virgates, allotted to hundreds) which appears to have taken place in the early eleven
th century and contrasting markedly with the complex process of growth and change which produced the pattern of estates, hides and hundreds in Wessex.
\par \tab The secon}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15740484 d difficulty is important: }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 there are no tenth-century or }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 pre-Conquest}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  eleventh-century charter 
grants }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 for Derbyshire }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 that mention carucates and bovate}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 s, but several }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 which continue to make grants in }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 mansae}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  or }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 man}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 entes}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  or }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
cassatae }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid3412299 (alternatively}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  cassati)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ;}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
these terms are generally assumed to be the equivalents of 'households'}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9401815 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  that is, of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 hides. }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid15564673 Mansae}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  are granted in charters assigned to the years 956, 966, 968, 1011 and 1012 (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid15564673 Sawyer, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid15564673 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid15564673 , nos.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15740484  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 628, 739, 768}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9401815 , 924, 928)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ; }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid1263354 manentes}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  are found in a charter of 1009 (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid1263354 Sawyer, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid1263354 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid1263354 , }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 no}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid1263354 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  922) and }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid1263354 cassatae}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  in one of 1011 (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid15564673 Sawyer, }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid15564673 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid15564673 , no}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9401815 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  923). }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
It is not clear what significance there is in the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 fact that in a grant of }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5901098 c}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 . 942 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
by King Edmund of lands that lay on either side of the Trent, those in Staffordshire are given in hides but no assessment is given for those in Derbyshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 : }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
Early Charters of Northern England}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , pp. 91-92, 104 nos. 82, 83, 102 (= Sawyer, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , nos}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 479,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 484, 1606).}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5520312 \tab It is true that there are very few }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 pre-Conquest}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5520312  cha}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9401815 r}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5520312 
ters from the Danelaw, that some only survive in later copies or their authenticity is suspect and in som}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 e}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5520312 
 case the identification of the places they contain is not certain. However, the broad picture that emerges from the material that does survive is that there are no }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 pre-Conquest}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5520312 
 mentions of carucates or of bovates in Derbyshire, Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, Nottinghamshire or Rutland. Carucates first appear in a Yorkshire charter of 1031 (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5520312 Early Charters of Northern England}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5520312 , p. 127 no. 132) and then in one of 1042}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14758566  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5520312 x}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14758566  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5520312 1056 (}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5520312 Early Charters of Northern England}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5520312 , p. 129 no. 135).}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9401815  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5520312 In both these charters }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 there }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5520312 are }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 also carucated p}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5520312 
laces that lay in county Durham. They are first mentioned in Durham (possibly a special case as never hidated}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14954699  and not included in Domesday) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5520312 in 1003x1016 (}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5520312 Early Charters of Northern England}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5520312 , p. 126 no. 130)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5520312 
 The last mentions of the older assessments are }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5520312 mansae}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5520312  in Derbyshire in 1012 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5520312 Sawyer, }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5520312 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5520312 , no.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5520312 928, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid10108916 cassatae}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5520312  in Nottinghamshire in 958 (Sawyer, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5520312 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5520312 , no.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5520312 679), }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5520312 cassati}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5520312  in Yorkshire in 1033 (Sawyer, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5520312 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5520312 , no.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5520312 968)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5520312 and in Rutland in 1046 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 (}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5520312 Sawyer, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5520312 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5520312 , no. 1014) and of a hide in Leicestershire in 1002x1004 (Sawyer, }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5520312 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5520312 , no 1536). There appear to be no land measures at all in cha}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10108916 r}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5520312 
ters from the tent}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 h and eleventh cen}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10108916 t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 uries relating to L}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5520312 incolnshire.
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9458812 {\f0\fs24\insrsid9458812 \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
It is ingenious, though not convincing, to argue that the carucate is merely a fiscal assessment and that the hide is the 'whole agricultural package' and that therefore the two }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 could co-exist:}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  }{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Phythian-Adams, }{\i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Norman Conquest of Leicestershire and Rutland}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 ,
 pp. 32-33}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid1860317 By }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16192180\charrsid1860317 1086}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
 in Wessex and southern and western Mercia the hide was capable of being both a grant of land and a unit of taxation. Moreover, after 1086, grants in these counties are often expressed in carucates and bovates and never in hides and virgates}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid10108916 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  suggesting that one assessment had entirely replaced another.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13134887 {\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 \tab Some form of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
assessment of land would need to have been}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  in place for the levying of Danegeld under King Ethelred (978}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14758566  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 x}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14758566  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 979-1016)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 , if it applied to the Danelaw counties}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , and might have been needed earlier in the lands of the Five Boroughs for the upkeep of these }
{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 burhs}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  from}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
the time of the confederation (from 942). However, a pre-existing hidation, fragments of which are visible in charters}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  would have served the purpose. 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 \tab Taken at face }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 value, the existence of hides or their equivalents in charters suggests that these shires were still hidated at their particular d}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
ates; see, for example RUT 1,20 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Outliers note; RUT \{Introduction: Carucation\}. Because the carucation of Nottinghamshire is li}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 n}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
ked to that of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8916223\charrsid8916223 'Roteland'}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 its dating for Nottinghamshire and probably (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
because of their similarities) for}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10108916  Derbyshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  depends on when }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8916223\charrsid8916223 'Roteland'}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
 was detached from Northamptonshire and incorporated fiscally into Nottinghamshire; see RUT \{Introduction: History}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 \}. Certainly carucation is pre-Conquest}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
 (in some entries it is explicitly a }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 T.R.E.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  measure), but it could date}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 , at least for Derbyshire, Nottinghamshire and Rutland,}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  from late in the Confessor's reign. If a reassessment were carried out
, it could have been expressed in 'Saxon' hides, but it is likely that new terms were adopted for those people who were used to counting in twelves rather than in tens.
\par \tab The carucation of Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire contrasts markedly with that of Leicestershire. Whereas Leicestershire contained about 2600 carucates in 1086, Derbyshire appears to have }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 had }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 about 530 and Nottinghamshire about the same. David Roffe }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 (}{\i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Derbyshire Domesday}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , p. 13;}{
\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  }{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 'Origins of Derbyshire', pp.108-09;}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 'Introduction', }{
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Derbyshire Domesday}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , p.}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887  }{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 15}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887 )}{
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
 has calculated that Hamston Wapentake contained 87 carucates, 'Scarsdale' Wapentake 86 carucates, 'Appletree' Wapentake 88 carucates, "Walecros" Wapentake 85 carucates, 'Morleystone' Wapentake 98 carucates and Litchurch Wapentake 91 carucates}{
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887 ; fractions of carucates are excluded here}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 . He does not accept the existence of Blackwell Wapentake (see }{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13135772 \{
Introduction: Identifying and Reconstructing the Wapentakes\}}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 ) and includes it in Hamston Wapentake. He suggests that the county may have
 been planned to contain six wapentakes of 84 carucates each, giving a total of 504. Each wapentake would therefore have contained seven hundreds of 12-carucates each}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887 . Roffe excludes royal lands from these totals.}{
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
\par 
\par (On the interrelated }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 q}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 uestions of hides, carucates, bovates, ploughlands and ploughs, see Round, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Feudal England}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , pp}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid1129137 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9646896\charrsid1129137 79-82}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid1129137 ; }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9646896\charrsid1129137 
Round, 'Domesday Measures of Land';}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9646896  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Maitland, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Domesday Book and Beyond}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , pp. 420-21; Stenton in }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 VCH Leicestershire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , i. pp. 278-82; }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 Lennard, 'Origin of the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16192180\charrsid1860317 F}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
iscal Carucate'; }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Moore, 'Domesday Teamland in Leicestershire'; Harvey, 'Taxation and the Ploughland in Domesday Book'; Hart, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Danelaw}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , pp. 289-336; Cain, 'Introduction', }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Leicestershire Domesday}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , pp. 3-4, 8-16.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
 The case for a tenth-century date for carucation is argued by Hart, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid7608941 Danelaw}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 , pp. 310-315}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9458812 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid474586 by Roffe}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid3348854  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid474586 (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14579632\charrsid3348854 'Origins of Derb}{\f0\fs24\insrsid474586 yshire' pp. 110-11; }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid3348854 'Introduction', }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid3348854 Derbyshire}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid7608941  Domesday}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 , pp. 15-18}{\f0\fs24\insrsid474586 ; 'Derbyshire }{\f0\fs24\insrsid474586\charrsid474586 Domesday', pp. 13-15)}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid474586 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13250951\charrsid474586  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid474586\charrsid474586 H}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9646896\charrsid474586 e}{\f0\fs24\insrsid474586  sees carucation and t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9646896\charrsid474586 
he creation of wapentakes as}{\f0\fs24\insrsid474586  part of the same process: 'the major divisions of the shire were a function of carucation'; see Roffe, 'Introduction', }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid474586 Nottinghamshire Domesday}{\f0\fs24\insrsid474586 
, pp. 19-21.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid474586  A}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9458812\charrsid474586 n}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid474586  eleventh-century date is proposed by Stenton}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9458812\charrsid474586 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  
}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid7608941 Types of Manorial Structure}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 , pp. 87-90.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid474586 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
\par THE COUNTY BOUNDARY
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
Derbyshire was very largely bounded by natural features, which no doubt had earlier marked the limits of the authority of an individual Danish army. The River Trent and its tributary the River Dove marked Derbyshire off from Staffordshi
re. From the headwaters of the Dove the line went northwards directly over moorland to the source of the River Goyt, which formed the boundary with Cheshire. Where the River Goyt joined the River Etherow, the boundary, still with Cheshire, followed the la
tter to its headwaters then climbed over Harden Moor to join the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 River}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
 Don which marked the shire off from Yorkshire. From lower down the Don, the boundary ran to the River Erewash which separated Derbyshire from Nottingham}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 shire. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1396872\charrsid16269548 
Between leaving one river, however, and joining the other, the boundary snak}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16269548\charrsid16269548 e}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1396872\charrsid16269548 
s between estates, seemingly passing between the land dependent on Mansfield in Nottinghamshire and on Newbold (of which Chesterfield became the most important member) in Derbyshire. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16192180\charrsid16269548 Although predominantly 
natural, most of these boundaries may not have been chosen before the arrival of Danish armies}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11272301\charrsid16269548  in the late-ninth century}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16192180\charrsid16269548 
, for whom they would have formed convenient lines of demarcation. However, the boundary between Derbyshire and Yorkshire, was considerably older, having earlier separated Me}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16269548\charrsid16269548 r}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16192180\charrsid16269548 cia from Northumbria; see \{Introduction: History\}.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11272301 
\par \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 The growth of Burton-on-T}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 rent and Sheffield in the nineteenth }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 and twentieth centuries}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
 led to parts of Derbyshire being taken into these boroughs, but otherwise the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 se}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  boundaries have been constant.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13134887 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 \tab 
Conversely, at the point of junction between Leicestershire and Derbyshire it seems that the county boundary was artificially drawn through estates that were in a dependent relationship to each other, or that some powerful 
tenants had drawn land from one county and put it in another for the convenient administration of their estates. A scattering of Derbyshire detachments, consisting of Oakthorpe, Donisthorpe, Willesley, Ravenstone, Chilcote, Stretton-en-le-Field}{
\fs24\insrsid13134887 ,}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  Measham and }{\i\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Trangesbi}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
 (possibly Thringstone; see 1,23 "Trangesbi" note), lay geographically in Leicestershire at the junction of the Leicestershire wapentakes of 'Goscote' and Guthlaxton. Of these, Donisthorpe, Ravenstone and Stretton-en-le-Field were sha
red with Derbyshire. Oakthorpe also had a Leicestershire portion, not named in Domesday (LEC 14,28 Donisthorpe note). Furthermore, Linton which was named from a settlement that was geographically within Derbyshire, had a portion in Leicestershire (}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 DBY 6,19. LEC 14,34). }{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Bo}{\fs24\insrsid11284632 th parts were held from Henry of}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
 Ferrers in 1086 and both were waste. It is possible that there was no subsequent boundary change but that the Leicestershire portion of Linton was soon absorbed by some other Leicestershire estate and lost its name. }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13134887 \f2\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  \tab 
These complexities survived into the nineteenth century. They are shown clearly on the early nineteenth-century first series Ordnance Survey one-inch map (sheet 63 of 1835, reprinted as sheet 43 in 1970). In particular the area around Donisthor
pe is there shown to consist of a dense patchwork of fields belonging to both counties, making it in effect a shared portion; see also }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Place-Names of Derbysh}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
ire, i. p. xxxiv. This complicated interweaving of boundaries has since been tidied up by the trans
fer of Overseal and Netherseal to Derbyshire from Leicestershire and the placing of all the Derbyshire outlying portions in Leicestershire. The origin of this interlacing, however, is obscure, but probably has a mainly tenurial explanat}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11284632 ion. Thus the royal }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11284632\charrsid16589538 land in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11272301\charrsid16589538 those }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid16589538 parts of Derbyshire }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14579632 which was}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11272301\charrsid16589538  detached in 1086 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid16589538 (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11272301\charrsid3348854 that is, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid3348854 Willesley, Measham, Chilcote}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14579632\charrsid3348854 ) was}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11272301\charrsid3348854  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14579632\charrsid3348854 connected with }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid3348854 the king's Derbyshire estate of Repton (DBY}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14098383\charrsid3348854  1,20):}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16589538\charrsid3348854  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14579632\charrsid3348854 Willesley was a jurisdictio}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14098383\charrsid3348854 n of Repton and Measham was an outlie}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14579632\charrsid3348854 r }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14098383\charrsid3348854 of it }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14579632\charrsid3348854 as, apparently, was Chilcote, though it is also said to belon}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14098383\charrsid3348854 
g to Clifton Campville in Staffordshire (STS  1,29); see 1,25 belongs note.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14579632  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 If "Trangesbi" or "Trangesby" (1,23. 14,11) is Thringstone, it represe}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1770568 
nts a further detached part of D}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 erbyshire within Leicestershire; see 1,23 "Trangesbi" note,  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
It is possible that other adjacent estates in Leicestershire had also once been attached to Repton but had become independent of it. The break-up of multiple estates often left a patchwork such as this, with esta
tes still attached to the centre interleaved with estates that have been granted or broken away. In this case the partial dissolution of a multiple estate would have affected the coun}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1770568 ty boundary itself. }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 Burton}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1770568  Abbey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  (in Stafford}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 shire) held nothing in Leicestershire in 1086, so}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  that it was clearly convenient }
{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 to link its holding at Appleby Magna }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 (3,2) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 with Derbyshire where it held several important manors. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 O}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 ther parts of Appleby were in Leicestershire (LEC 11,2. 14,22), and may even have been placed there if and when they had been alienated from Burton Abbey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 . }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 This practice was not uncommon elsewhere: for example, some outlying portions of Northamptonshire lay within Huntingdonshire, but were held by the Northamptonshire Abbey of Peterborough. Widford lay withi
n Oxfordshire, but had been a possession of the Gloucestershire Church of St Oswald and so was regarded as an outlying portio}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 n of Gloucestershire. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
\par \tab A similar case is probably }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 that of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Nigel of Stafford who held estates at Ravenstone, Donisthorpe and Oakthorpe. He was a landholder in Derbyshire but not in Leicestersh}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ire. On the other hand, Henry of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
 Ferrers who held Stretton-en-le-Field and Willesley, detachments of Derbyshire, also held land nearby in Leicestershire, including Appleby Parva. Another portion 
of Willesley was, however, already in Derbyshire as part of Repton manor (DBY 1,21) and it may well have seemed logical to include Henry's tenancy there in the same county. More probably, Henry's part of Willesley (and possibly of Stretton-en-le-Field as 
well) had originally been portions of Repton before being 'booked out'.
\par \tab Although the boundary between Derbyshire and Staffordshire was provided by rivers, there were some tenurial complications. Domesday Book records that in 1086 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 Chilcote (1,25) belonged to}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  the royal vill of Clifton Campville in Stafford}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 [}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 shir}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3422504 e}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ]}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , and Wyaston and Edlaston (6,59), less one bovate, belonged to the king's revenue in}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Rocester }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 (}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 also in Staffordshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
\par \tab The changes that took place in the county boundary after 1086 are summarised below:
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid3422504 Later Changes to the County B}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 oundary
\par }\trowd \irow0\irowband0\ts16\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trftsWidth1\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2808\clshdrawnil \cellx2813\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2880\clshdrawnil \cellx5693\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 
\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2880\clshdrawnil \cellx8573\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid13134887\yts16 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887\charrsid7098607 PLACE\cell 1086\cell LATER\cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887\charrsid7098607 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\ts16\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 \trftsWidth1\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2808\clshdrawnil \cellx2813\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2880\clshdrawnil \cellx5693\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2880\clshdrawnil \cellx8573\row }\pard\plain 
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid13134887\yts16 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887\charrsid7098607 Derbyshire/ Leicestershire Border
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887\charrsid7098607 APPLEBY (DBY 3,2. LEC 11,2. 14,22)
\par 
\par 
\par CHILCOTE (DBY 1,25)
\par 
\par 
\par DONISTHORPE }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3422504 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887\charrsid7098607 DBY 14,9. LEC 14,28)
\par 
\par 
\par LINTON (DBY 6,19. LEC 14,34)
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par MEASHAM (DBY 1,24)
\par 
\par 
\par SEAL}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887  [NETHERSEAL }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15488821 and/or }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887 OVERSEAL]}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887\charrsid7098607  (LEC 14,19-20. 39,1)
\par 
\par OAKTHORPE (DBY 14,10)
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par PACKINGTON (LEC 6,6)
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par RAVENSTONE (DBY 14,8. LEC 26,1)
\par 
\par STRETTON-EN-LE-FIELD (DBY 6,16. LEC 14,28)
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887 "TRANGESBI"/"TRANGESBY" 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887\charrsid7098607 (DBY 1,23. 14,11)
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par WILLESLEY (DBY 1,21. 6,20)
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887\charrsid7098607 \cell }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887\charrsid7098607 
\par 
\par 
\par Divided between c}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887 ounties}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887\charrsid7098607  
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par Entirely in Derbyshire
\par 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887 Divided between counties}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887\charrsid7098607  
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887 Divided between counties}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887\charrsid7098607  
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par Entirely in Derbyshire
\par 
\par 
\par Entirely in Leicestershire
\par 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887\charrsid7098607 Divided between counties, but the Leicestershire portion is not named in Domesday (14,28 Donisthorpe note)
\par 
\par Divided between counties, but the Derbyshire portion is not named in Domesday (LEC 6,6 Packington note)
\par 
\par Divided between counties
\par 
\par 
\par Divided between counties
\par 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887 If it is }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887\charrsid7098607 identified}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887  as Thringstone}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887\charrsid7098607 , this place was in Derbyshire (but a chapelry of Whitwick Ancient Parish, Leicestershire)
\par 
\par Entirely in Derbyshire\cell 
\par 
\par 
\par The Derbyshire portion was placed in Leicestershire in 1897
\par 
\par 
\par Transferred to Leicestershire in 1897
\par 
\par The Derbyshire portion was placed in Leicestershire in 1897
\par 
\par 
\par The Leicestershire portion was placed in Derbyshire at an unknown date, probably early}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887\charrsid7098607 
 or absorbed by a nearby Leicestershire estate without a boundary change 
\par 
\par Transferred to Leicestershire in 1897
\par 
\par Transferred to Derbyshire in 1897
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887\charrsid7098607 Transferred to Leicestershire in 1897
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par Transferred to Leicestershire in 1884
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par The Derbyshire portion was placed in Leicestershire in 1884
\par 
\par The Derbyshire portion was placed in Leicestershire in 1897
\par 
\par Transferred early to Leicestershire
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par Transferred to Leicestershire in 1897
\par \cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887\charrsid7098607 \trowd \irow1\irowband1
\ts16\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trftsWidth1\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2808\clshdrawnil \cellx2813\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2880\clshdrawnil \cellx5693\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 
\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2880\clshdrawnil \cellx8573\row }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid13134887\yts16 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887\charrsid7098607 Derbyshire/ Cheshire Border
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887\charrsid7098607 CHISWORTH (DBY 1,30)
\par 
\par 'LUDWORTH' (DBY 1,30)
\par 
\par \cell 
\par 
\par Entirely in Derbyshire
\par 
\par Entirely in Derbyshire
\par \cell 
\par 
\par Transferred to Cheshire in 1936
\par 
\par Transferred to Cheshire in 1936
\par \cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887\charrsid7098607 \trowd \irow2\irowband2
\ts16\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trftsWidth1\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2808\clshdrawnil \cellx2813\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2880\clshdrawnil \cellx5693\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 
\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2880\clshdrawnil \cellx8573\row }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid13134887\yts16 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887\charrsid7098607 Derbyshire/ Staffordshire Border
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887\charrsid7098607 CATTON (DBY 6,17)
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887\charrsid7098607 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887\charrsid7098607 CROXALL (DBY 6,14)
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par EDINGALE (DBY 6,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887 1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887\charrsid7098607 5. 17,12)
\par 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6559086 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887\charrsid7098607 STAPENHILL (DBY 3,5. 14,2)
\par 
\par 
\par WINSHILL (DBY 3,3)
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887\charrsid7098607 
\par \cell }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887\charrsid7098607 
\par 
\par 
\par Entirely in Derbyshire
\par 
\par 
\par Divided between Staffordshire and Derbyshire, but the Staffordshire part is not named in Domesday
\par 
\par }{\insrsid6559086 Divided in 1086, but the Staffordshire part is not named in Domesday}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887\charrsid7098607 
\par 
\par Entirely in Derbyshire
\par 
\par 
\par Entirely in Derbyshire\cell 
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid6559086\yts16 {\insrsid6559086 Transferred to Staffordshire in 1895
\par 
\par The Derbyshire portion was transferred to Staffordshire in 1895
\par 
\par 
\par Transferred entirely to Staffordshire in 1934
\par 
\par 
\par Transferred into Burton-on-Trent, Staffordshire}{\insrsid3475296 ,}{\insrsid6559086  in 1878
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid13134887\yts16 {\insrsid6559086 Transferred into Burton-on-Trent, Staffordshire}{\insrsid3475296 ,}{\insrsid6559086  in 1878}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6559086\charrsid7098607  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887\charrsid7098607 \cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887\charrsid7098607 \trowd \irow3\irowband3\ts16\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 \trftsWidth1\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2808\clshdrawnil \cellx2813\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2880\clshdrawnil \cellx5693\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2880\clshdrawnil \cellx8573\row }\pard\plain 
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid13134887\yts16 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887\charrsid7098607 Derbyshire/ Yorkshire Border
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887\charrsid7098607 BEIGHTON (DBY 5,2. 10,3. 16,3)
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par DORE (DBY 16,4-5)
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887 
\par MOSBOROUGH (DBY 10,2)
\par 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887\charrsid7098607 NORTON (DBY 1,8. 16,6)
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par TOTLEY (DBY 17,4)\cell 
\par 
\par Entirely in Derbyshire 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par Entirely in Derbyshire
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887 
\par Entirely in Derbyshire
\par 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887\charrsid7098607 Entirely in Derbyshire
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par Entirely in Derbyshire 
\par \cell 
\par 
\par }{\insrsid13134887\charrsid7098607 Parts of Beighton were taken into Sheffield borough and other Yorkshire parishes in 196}{\insrsid13134887 7; parts remained in Derbyshire}{\insrsid13134887\charrsid7098607 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887\charrsid7098607 Part placed in Eccleshall Civil Parish (Yorkshire), part in Sheffield (Yorkshire}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887 )}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887\charrsid7098607  in 1929. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887 Placed entirely in}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887\charrsid7098607  Sheffield in 1934
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887 Taken into Sheffield (Yorkshire) in 1967
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887\charrsid7098607 Part was transferred to Sheffield in 1901; the rest was divided between Coal Aston Civil Parish (Derbyshire) and Sheffield (Yorkshire) in 1934
\par 
\par Part placed in Eccleshall Civil Parish (Yorkshire), part in Sheffield (Yorkshire}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887 ) in 1929. Placed entirely in}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887\charrsid7098607  Sheffield in 1934
\par 
\par \cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887\charrsid7098607 
\trowd \irow4\irowband4\lastrow \ts16\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trftsWidth1\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2808\clshdrawnil \cellx2813\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2880\clshdrawnil \cellx5693\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 
\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2880\clshdrawnil \cellx8573\row }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13134887 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887\charrsid7098607 The dates of boundary changes are derived from Youngs, }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887\charrsid7098607 Local Administrative Units}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887\charrsid7098607 , ii. }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887\charrsid7098607 passim}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3422504\charrsid3422504 
\par }{\fs24\insrsid13134887 
\par }{\fs24\insrsid3422504 
\par }{\fs24\insrsid14039442\charrsid5464266 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13134887 \f2\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 ADMINISTRATION OF THE SHIRE
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7368563 {\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 In the early-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 elev}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7368563 enth century, Derbyshire would}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  have been subject to the earls of Mercia, among them Earl Le
ofric, his son Earl Algar and his grandson Earl Edwin. Edwin had only held the earldom briefly before the Conquest, and there are more references to Earl Algar as a }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 T.R.E.}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  holder than }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 to}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7368563  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Earl Edwin. In 1068, Edwin and his brother Morcar turned against King
 William. Edwin allied with the Welsh king Bleddyn of Gwynedd, but his behaviour may have been more pique (that William had not given him a promised daughter in marriage) than rebellion. Edwin swiftly submitted. However, the Conqueror little by little ate
 into his earldom. He first gave judicial authority throughout Mercia, except in Cheshire, to A}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ethelwig, Abbot of Evesham. T}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 hen (the dates are uncertain) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 he }
{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 gave Cheshire to Gherbod, the greater part of Shropshire to Earl Roger and Gloucestershire, Hereford
shire, part of Worcestershire and probably the southern part of Shropshire to Earl William son of Osbern. Earl Edwin fled }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 with his brother Morcar in the s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
pring of 1071. Morcar was arrested, Edwin }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 subsequently }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 killed by his own men; see Williams, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 English and the Norman Conquest}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid7368563 , pp. 24-26,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  51-54. No new E}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
arl of Derby was appointed until long after William the Conqueror's death. References to the division of the revenue of the borough of Derby}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  bet}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7368563 ween the king and the earl (B1)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
 are }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 to 1066 and before}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 , but}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  the mention in the present tense of the same division of the revenue of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6430561 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Appletree' Wapentake (B15) is anachronistic}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ; see B15 'Appletree' note}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7368563 
\par \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 In 1086 Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire apparently shared a shire court; see B15 shires note. Unless this was conv
ened especially for the Domesday hearing, it is also likely that they shared a sheriff, as they did thereafter until 1256. How ancient this arrangement was and whether Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire were originally one shire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7954599 ,}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  as the lands of Lincoln and Stamford were merged to form Lincolnshire, is uncertain. It is therefore difficult to be sure how to assign sheriffs mentioned in connection with one of thes}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
e shires in the immediate post-C}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 onquest period. A Harding is attested as a sheriff in the period between 1066 and 1086: }{\i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887 , p. 194}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  no}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887 .}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  33. An E}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid16589538 arnwig was probably sheriff}{
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13051396\charrsid16589538  of Nottinghamshire between 1075 and 109}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid16589538 2: }{\i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid16589538 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid16589538 , pp. 831-32 no. 276}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13051396\charrsid16589538 ; Green, }{\i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13051396\charrsid16589538 English Sheriffs}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13051396\charrsid16589538 , p. 34.}{
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid16589538  If he was t}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 he sheriff }{\i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid7235396 E}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 .}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887 ,}{
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  }{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887 who was }{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 addressed in 1093 (}{\i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887 , i. p. 87}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  no}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887 . 337), he may have laid down}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
 his office then resumed it, for Hugh son of Baldric is named as a sheriff in Domesday (NTT B3) and was still alive in 1089. 'William Peverel and all of Nottinghamshire' are addressed in a writ of William II (1086x1100), but his title is not given: }{
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , i. p. 108 no. 438. Around 1100 Richard son of Gotse appears as sheriff of both shires: }{
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887 , ii. pp. 21, 23, 24, 47 }{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 nos. 588, 598, 600}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887 ,}{
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  723. On the sheriffs}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887 ,}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  see Green, }{\i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 English Sheriffs}{
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , pp. 34,}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887  }{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 67}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887 ,}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  and }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Crook, 'Establishment of the Derbyshire County Court, 1256'.
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13134887 {\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 \tab Th
ere was no Earl of Derby until 1138, when, following the 'battle of the standard' against the Scots at Northallerton, Robert of Ferrers}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 , third son of the Domesday tenant-in-chief,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
 was given that title.
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6430561 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 WAPENTAKES}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid613263  
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid13134887\charrsid14039442 The Names of the Wapentakes
\par }\trowd \irow0\irowband0\ts16\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trftsWidth1\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2808\clshdrawnil \cellx2700\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6048\clshdrawnil \cellx8748\pard\plain 
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid13134887\yts16 \f2\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\f0\insrsid13134887\charrsid14039442 Name used in this edition\cell Form(s) found in Domesday Book\cell 
}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887\charrsid14039442 \trowd \irow0\irowband0
\ts16\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trftsWidth1\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2808\clshdrawnil \cellx2700\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6048\clshdrawnil \cellx8748\row }\pard\plain 
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid13134887\yts16 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\insrsid13134887\charrsid14039442 'Appletree'
\par Blackwell +
\par Hamston
\par Litchurch +
\par 'Morleystone'
\par 'Scarsdale'
\par "Walecros"}{\b\insrsid13134887\charrsid14039442 \cell }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid13134887\yts16 \f2\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {
\i\f0\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid13134887\charrsid14039442 Apletreu
\par }{\f0\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid13134887\charrsid14039442 --------
\par }{\i\f0\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid13134887\charrsid14039442 Hamelestan}{\f0\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid13134887\charrsid14039442 , }{\i\f0\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid13134887\charrsid14039442 Hammenstan
\par ---------
\par Morelestan
\par Scarvedele}{\f0\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid13134887\charrsid14039442 ,}{\i\f0\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid13134887\charrsid14039442  Scaruesdele
\par Walecros\cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887\charrsid14039442 
\trowd \irow1\irowband1\lastrow \ts16\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trftsWidth1\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2808\clshdrawnil \cellx2700\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6048\clshdrawnil \cellx8748\row }\pard\plain 
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13134887 \f2\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 + }{\f0\insrsid13134887\charrsid7098607 
These names do not appear in the text, though groups}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  }{\f0\insrsid13134887\charrsid7098607 of manors corresponding to them do occur, and they are a}{\f0\insrsid15740484 s}{\f0\insrsid13134887\charrsid7098607 
sumed to have existed in 1086.}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid613263\charrsid5464266 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Identifying and Reconstructing the Wapentakes
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 The Domesday folios for the county mention five wapentakes - 'Appletree', Hamston, 'Morleystone', 'Scarsdale' and "Walecros", and of these the existence of 'Appletree' is only attested in the detail}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 s of the borough of Derby (B15):}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  it does not appear as a wapentake heading.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
In fact, such is the paucity of wapentake names - there are only five heads in the text (at 1,1;11. 2,1. 6,1;14), with three other mentions (1,19. 10,12. B15), and heads are missing entirely from}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13523734  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 fourteen of the seventeen chapters}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13523734  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 - that the existence of other wapentakes, not named in Domesday }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16589538 Derbyshire}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , may reasonably be suspected.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13643981 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13643981\charrsid3348854 \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15688236\charrsid3348854 T}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15688236\charrsid3346627 he main scribe of Great Domesday occasionally left blank lines}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16589538\charrsid3346627 
 between entries}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15688236\charrsid3346627  in the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16589538\charrsid3346627 folios of this county}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14761534\charrsid3346627 
 and some, but not all, of these may have been for the later insertion of a wapentake head.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16589538\charrsid3346627  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5309102\charrsid3346627 Thus i}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13523734\charrsid3346627 n chapter 1 there is a}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid3346627  line's space above the entries for Ashbourne (1,14), Parwich (1,15) and Repton (1,20),}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14761534\charrsid3346627  but, as no wapentake head was required there, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3348854 th
ere must have been }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14761534\charrsid3346627 another reason }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14098383 for these spaces}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3348854 . It is possible that }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14098383\charrsid3348854 they were}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14761534\charrsid3346627  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16589538\charrsid3346627 to mark off one multiple estate from another}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2641777\charrsid3346627  or for the later addition of further members}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14761534\charrsid3346627 , although such spaces were not left after every multiple estate; see 1,13 space note}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16589538\charrsid3346627 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14761534\charrsid3346627  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3348854 Spaces}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5309102\charrsid3346627 , however,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14761534\charrsid3346627  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3348854 were not }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14761534\charrsid3348854 left}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14761534\charrsid3346627 
 before every entry which later evidence shows was}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid3346627  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5309102\charrsid3346627 in a different wapentake to the preceding entry}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3346627\charrsid3346627 , but see 6,6}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3346627 5}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3346627\charrsid3346627  'Morleystone' note}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5309102\charrsid3346627 . Sometimes the s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2641777\charrsid3346627 
pace may have been left for more than one reason or the reason is not clear; see }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5309102\charrsid3346627 3,1}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15688236\charrsid3346627  entry note}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3346627\charrsid3346627  and 7,6 entry not}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3346627\charrsid3348854 e.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3346627 
\par \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11413388\charrsid11413388 Domesday Derbyshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  does not say anything about the interrelationship of the wapentakes, and there is no more than a single reference to the work of a wapentake ju
}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ry and that is near the end of c}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
hapter 6 (6,99), in which the last wapentake heading is found more than eighty entries previously, unless the 'sworn men' of 13,2 are representatives of the wapentake.
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15740484 {\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 \tab The Derbyshire wapentakes have been regarded as 'excessively obscure' (}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 VCH Derbyshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , i. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11413388 p. 294) and the same writer said}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
 that 'any attempt to divide the total assessment of the county according to wapentakes must contain too much guesswork to have any scientific value': }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 VCH Derbyshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
, i. p. 295. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 These sentiments we}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 re echoed by Anderson (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 English Hundred Names}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , pp. 31-32) and }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Domesday Geography of Northern England}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , p. 279. The wapentakes of Derbyshire have thus been regarded as opaque as the hundreds of Oxfordshire.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15740484 

\par \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 The alternative to despair is to use later evidence to move from the known 
to the unknown; that is, to see how far it is possible to detect a clear arrangement of material in each fief by testing the sequence of estates in Domesday Book against later material that is arranged by wapentakes.}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Although information from the twelfth century and from the thirteenth can be helpful (for example from the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid14039442 
 Red Book of the Exchequer}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Book of Fees}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
Feudal Aids}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 ), it is not until the Lay Subsidies of 1327 and 1334 that a reasonably full specification of the contents of each wapentake is found.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
In the case of other counties, where Domesday Book itself makes clear the administrative topography of the late eleventh-century shire, it is evident that these subsidies are backward-looking: they seem to be based on copies of lists dating from con
siderably earlier, and even when two Domesday hundreds or wapentakes have been subsequently amalgamated, the subsidies tend to list the constituents of each former unit separately}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  within the new one}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 . Thus Litchurch and 'Morleystone' Wapentakes are separated in the 1334 Lay Subsidy Roll but their details are run together in 1302 and 1316 (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Feudal Aids}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , i. pp. 249, 255).}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
In other counties where a single hundred represents a combination of two earlier ones, the places in these documents are sometimes listed in separate groups representing the former division. So there is no fundamental objection to a later document's illu}
{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 minating the obscurities of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Domesday Book.
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 \tab In fact, if the name of the later wapentake is entered beside each estate that is listed in}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13580623  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13580623\charrsid11413388 
Domesday Derbyshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13580623 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  a series of wapentakal blocks at once leaps to the eye.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 Thus in chapter 6}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , the land of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  Henry of Ferrers, which is the largest}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13580623  fief}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
, the first thirteen entries relate to Hamston Wapentake and are under a head supplied by the main scrib
e of Domesday, as are the next ten entries (6,14-23), in "Walecros" Wapentake. Despite the absence of any head, the next 41 entries (6,24-64) must be in 'Ap}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12998531 pletree' Wapentake,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
 the next six (6,65-70) in 'Morleystone' Wapentake, the next nine (6,71-79) in Bl
ackwell Wapentake and the next twenty (6,80-99) in Litchurch Wapentake. So far, no wapentake head has been repeated. The final entries (6,100-101) are in 'Morleystone' Wapentake and Blackwell Wapentake respectively and were later additions }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 of material omitted earlier}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12998531 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  that are typical of many fiefs in other counties. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15740484 
\par \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 With a few trifling exceptions, where it may legitimately be assumed that a place on the bor}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12998531 der of one wapentake in 1086 has}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
 come to be incorporated in another by the mid-fourteenth century, each fief can be shown to consist of a series of blocks of estates grouped by wapentakes.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
There is even some sign that the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 main scribe of Great Domesday}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  was attempting to impose a standard order of wapentakes on each fief; see \{Introduction: Standard Order of Wapentakes\}.}
{\f0\fs24\insrsid15740484 
\par \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 However, it also becomes apparent that there are more wapentakal blocks in the text of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12998531  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12998531\charrsid12998531 Domesday Derbyshire}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  than it provides names for. Some names have clearly changed between 1086 and 1334. Thus the places in the Domesday wapentake of Ham
ston appear in Wirksworth Wapentake (or Hundred) in 1334, and those of the otherwise unknown "Walecros" Wapentake are found in Repton Wapentake. But groups of places corresponding to the later wapentakes of Litchurch and of High Peak are also found in the
 text.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
This suggests that there were in fact seven wapentakes rather than five in Derbyshire in 1086. It appears that Litchurch Wapentake was never known by any other name, so that title has been adopted here. In the case of High Peak Wapentake, various ear
lier names are attested, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid13643981 including Blackwell }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13643981\charrsid13643981 which has the best pedigree; th}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12270025\charrsid13643981 is name has been adopted here. Blackwell was a}
{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid13643981  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12270025\charrsid13643981 member of the manor of Bakewell}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14098383 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15740484 
\par \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 The structure of Domesday chapters has received very little detailed analysis apart from the pioneering work of P.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14039442  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
H. Sawyer ('The "Original Returns" and Domesday Book') and in the various 'Hundreds and Wapentakes' articles written by one of the present editors (FT) for the Alecto}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  c}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
ounty edition. There has been a tendency to regard many Domesday chapters as jumbled, with hundred or wapentake headings recurring more than once in each fief for no obvious reason. If one leaves aside the cases where material ha
s been added (in a side margin, at the bottom of a column and at the end of a fief, and not always directed to its correct position by the use of transposition signs), there are really only three common chapter structures. Firstly}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12998531 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  there is a very common s
equence which is strictly by hundreds or wapentakes, all other considerations being subordinate. The same order may very well occur in several chapters in a county, because material has been abstracted from a document in which the arrangement, in descendi
ng order, is by hund}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 r}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
ed or wapentake, then village, then estate. In a second arrangement, the lands held in lordship may be entered first, followed by those that are subinfeudated. In this arrangement many hundreds or wapentakes will appear twice, if there 
is both lordship and subinfeudated land in them. Even so, the sequence of hundreds or wapentakes in each half of the chapter is normally the same. Thirdly, it may have been de}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid13509369 cided to arrange the chapter }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12270025\charrsid13509369 by tenants, either by th}{\f0\fs24\insrsid90224\charrsid13509369 e}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13509369  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12270025\charrsid13509369 1086 subtenants or by }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12270025\charrsid13509369 T.R.E.}
{\f0\fs24\insrsid12270025\charrsid13509369  holders}{\f0\fs24\insrsid90224\charrsid13509369 . In the first if these sub-cate}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13509369 gories, arrangement by 1086 sub}{\f0\fs24\insrsid90224\charrsid13509369 tenant, }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid13509369 the land of the fief-h}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 older (his lordship) will usually be entered first, followed by the lands of each }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 subtenant}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  in turn. In this arrangement, the hundred or wapentake name may occur several times, and there may be several dislocations within the chapter, because abstracting information i}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5194617 
n this way from a territorially-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 arranged schedule is the most difficult and slip-prone operation}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid13509369 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid90224\charrsid13509369 
In the case of the second of these sub-categories, which is especially found in the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid90224\charrsid13509369 Terra Regis}{\f0\fs24\insrsid90224\charrsid13509369 , the lands of each }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid90224\charrsid13509369 T.R.E.}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid90224\charrsid13509369  holder will be entered in turn. This again means that there will be no standard sequence of hundreds or wapentakes except by coincidence, and a hundred or wapentake head may occur more than once.}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15740484 
\par \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid90224 A}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 n examination of Derbyshire shows that it is arranged in the first of these orders, that is}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
 by wapentake. Its chapters are clearly not divided between lordship a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 nd subinfeudated land, nor are they}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  arranged by }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 subtenant}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 s. For example if chapter 6 were in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 order of 1086 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 sub}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3882567 tenants, then}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  the lands of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3882567 "}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Elfin}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3882567 "}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
, Ralph, Alchere, Roger, Robert and Saswalo (assuming that only one person is represented by every mention of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3882567 each of those}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  name}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3882567 s}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 ) would be found together, rather than as they are, dispersed between wapentakes.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13134887 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 \tab }{
\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 It might be argued that there were in existence in 1086 only the f}{\fs24\insrsid13134887 ive wapentakes that are named in }{\fs24\insrsid3882567\charrsid12998531 Domesday Derbyshire}{\fs24\insrsid3882567 , }{
\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 and that the wapentakes of Blackwell (=}{\fs24\insrsid3882567  }{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 High Peak}{\fs24\insrsid13134887 ) and Litchurch}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
 were the product of a subsequent divi}{\fs24\insrsid13134887 sion, Litchurch having}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  been created from 'Morleystone' and Blackwell from Hamston.}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{
\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 However, there are strong counter arguments to this: firstly that, with a }{\fs24\insrsid13134887 couple of possible exceptions involving}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
 places close to a boundary, the lands of the putative Blackwell Wapentake are not found intermingled with the lands of Hamston Wapentake in the Domesday text, which they would be if a unit were later divided, since Domesday places within wapentake
s are not geographically arranged. In the case of the presumed Litchurch Wapentake, none of its lands are ever found in a group of 'Morleystone' Wapentake places, or vice versa. 
\par \tab Secondly}{\fs24\insrsid3882567 ,}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  in the various fiefs (DBY 1, 6,}{\fs24\insrsid13134887  }{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 10) where they occur, lands in the
 putative Blackwell Wapentake are never adjacent to those in Hamston Wapentake and Litchurch Wapentake and 'Morleystone' Wapentake are only juxtaposed in chapters 6 (where the 'Morleyston}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid13509369 
e' entry is a later addition), in chapter 11 }{\fs24\insrsid14112348\charrsid13509369 (where these are the only wapentakes)}{\fs24\insrsid14112348  }{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 and possibly in chapter 17 (depending on the identity of }{
\i\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Mers}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , 17,21). But in none of these cases is there intermixing of the lands that are later evidenced in the separate wapentakes. 
\par \tab Thirdly, as the chapters in }{\fs24\insrsid14112348\charrsid12998531 Domesday Derbyshire}{\fs24\insrsid14112348\charrsid5464266  }{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
are clearly constructed as a sequence of wapentakes, any repetition of sequence needs to be explained. Thus }{\fs24\insrsid13134887 the sequence of chapter 6}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
 would be complicated for no apparent reason if the near-perfect order there detected of Hamston Wapentake, "Walecros" Wapentake, 'Appletree' Wapentake,}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
'Morleystone' Wapentake, Blackwell Wapentake, Litchurch Wapentake (plus two later entries) were in reality Hamston Wapentake, "Walecros" Wapentake, 'Appletree' Wapentake,}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
'Morleystone' Wapentake, Hamston Wapentake, 'Morleystone' Wapentake (plus two additions) with 'Morleystone' and Hamston being single wapentakes only later divided into 'Morleystone'/L}{\fs24\insrsid13135202 itchurch and Blackwell/Hamston.}{
\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4010052 \f2\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 \tab 
Because of the scant information provided in Domesday Book about the wapentakes and the gap in time before more abundant material becomes available, no reconstruction can be completely certain. Moreover, since the majority of places surveyed in }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4010052\charrsid12998531 Domesday Derbyshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4010052  o}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 nly occur once, there is a lack of cross-references to support the allocation of a place to a wapentake. }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4010052 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13643981 {\f0\fs24\insrsid4010052 \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 Another }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
reason for caution is that, in a small number of cases involving places close to a putative boundary between wapentakes, the clarity and simplicity of the reconstruction relies on assuming that these places have been drawn out
 of one wapentake and placed in another. Although in an individual case, this may appear arbitrary, such moves are found in counties where Domesday provides a much fuller wapentakal or hundredal rubrication. For example, Winster (6,2) was in High Peak Wap
entake in 1334, but is the second place under a Hamston wapentake head in a long group of Hamston places (6,1-13); see 6,2 Winster note. In 1334 Atlow (6,13) was in 'Appletree' Wapentake, but appears to have been in Hamston Wapentake in 1086:}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 it was a chapelry of Bradbourne (6,6), also in Hamston Wapentake; see 6,13 Atlow note.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Hulland (9,3) was later in Wirksworth (=}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5843808  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
Hamston) Wapentake, but is coupled in Domesday with Ednaston and both appear to have been in 'Appletree' Wapentake in 1086, like other parts o
f Ashbourne Ancient Parish; see 9,3 Hulland note. This makes geographical sense if the wapentake boundary east of Ashbourne were the Henmore Brook and its tributary the Dayfield Brook.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Although Egginton (9,4) was in Litchurch Wapentake in 1334, it may have been in 'Appletree' Wapentake in 1086 (9,4 Egginton note).}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Clifton (10,24) was a later outlier of Litchurch Wapentake, but the order of entries in Domesday suggests that it was in 'Appletree' Wapentake in 1086; see 10,24 Clifton note.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13643981 
\par \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 Moreover}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , the identification of some places is less secure than others; a wrong identification can complicate a sequence of wapentakes (see}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ,}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  for example}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 , 6,51 Marston note). Furthermore}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , in the case of multiple estates, the sequence of wapentakes relies on finding in which }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 wapentake }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 the manorial }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 caput}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  (represented by a marginal }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 M}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 anerium}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 ) in Domesday) lay. The outliers and jurisdictions (marginal }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 B}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  and }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 S}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 ) ma
y be in other wapentakes. Only once does Domesday formally state that the jurisdictions of one manor lay in a different wapentake when it says that the jurisdictions of Melbourne (1,19), which itself lay in "Walecros" Wapentake, were in 'Scarsdale' Wapent
ake. In fact, all the places concerned (Barrow upon Trent, Swarkeston}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 e}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
, Chellaston, Osmaston, Cottons, Normanton) lay in the area of Litchurch Wapentake and it is difficult to imagine that they were in fact a detached part of 'Scarsdale'; see 1,19 'Scarsdale'}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
 note. The entry 10,12, added across the foot of two}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  column}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
 draws attention to the fact that Wirksworth, Lea and Tansley were appurtenances of Crich (itself probably in 'Mor}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 leystone' Wapentake), but paid}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  tax in Hamston Wapentake.}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Nevertheless, this case does not appear to be unique: for example, Weston-on-Trent (1,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5269853\charrsid3545417 17;}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 37}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5269853 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  probably lay in Litchurch Wapentake, but two of its outliers were in 'Morleystone'Wapentake}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ; see 1,17 entry note}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 . Some of the jurisdictions of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Mickleover (3,1), itself in Litchurch Wapentake}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15618548 ,}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  were probably in 'Appletree' Wapentake: Snelston, Dalbury, Hoon, Rodsley, Sudbury, Hilton, Sutton-on-the-Hill. Wessington, Ogston and Uf}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ton (10,13-15) were dependencie}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 s of Crich, but while Crich seems to have lain in 'Morleystone' Wapentake, later evidence s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 uggests that these dependencie}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 s lay in 'Scarsdale}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3545417 ' Wapentake. Further, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Ma}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 rkeaton (4,1) lay}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
 in Litchurch Wapentake, but among its outliers, Kniveton (4,2) was probably in Hamston Wapentake; see }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15618548 4,2 Kniveton note}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3545417 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13134887 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887\charrsid15740484 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15740484 {\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid15740484 There have been two other published
 reconstructions of the wapentakes of Derbyshire. Philip Morgan in the Phillimore printed edition used the 'later wapentakes'}{\fs24\insrsid5599953\charrsid15740484 ,}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid15740484  those employed as the sub-structure of the }{
\i\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid15740484 Place-Names of Derbyshire}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid15740484 
. This was in accordance with the policy of John Morris, the general editor of the series, who felt that the later hundreds or wapentakes were preferable to nothing, when the text of Domesday Book itself did not provide sufficient evidence. As a result, M
organ included 'Appletree' Wapentake, 'Morleystone' Wapentake, Repton (}{\fs24\insrsid2507282\charrsid15740484 =}{\fs24\insrsid3545417\charrsid15740484  }{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid15740484 "Walecros") Wapentake, 'Scarsdale' Wapentake and Wirksworth (
}{\fs24\insrsid2507282\charrsid15740484 =}{\fs24\insrsid3545417\charrsid15740484  }{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid15740484 Hamston) Wapentake which are evidenced in Domesday, and also High Peak (}{\fs24\insrsid2507282\charrsid15740484 =}{
\fs24\insrsid3545417\charrsid15740484  }{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid15740484 Blackwell) Wapentake, but not Litchurch (which in the }{\i\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid15740484 Place-Names of Derbyshire}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid15740484 
 was coupled with 'Morleystone' Wapentake).}{\fs24\insrsid5599953\charrsid15740484  }{\fs24\insrsid3545417\charrsid15740484 For those wapentakes}{\fs24\insrsid3348854\charrsid15740484  that kept their earlier names h}{
\fs24\insrsid2507282\charrsid15740484 is forms are the same as those adopted in this revision except that he has Appletree for 'Appletree', Morleyston for 'Morleystone' and Scarsdale for 'Scarsdale'.}{\fs24\insrsid15740484\charrsid15740484 
\par \tab }{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid15740484 
Independently, David Roffe, using a very similar method to that of F. Thorn, published his conclusions on the number and composition of the 1086 wapentakes in Roffe, 'Origins of Derbyshire', pp. 103-109 and repeated them in Roffe, 'Introduction', }{
\i\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid15740484 Derbyshire Domesday}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid15740484 , pp. 14-17. He accepted that Litchurch Wapentake existed in}{\fs24\insrsid5599953\charrsid15740484  1086, but despite his generaliz}{
\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid15740484 ation (Roffe, 'Introduction', }{\i\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid15740484 Derbyshire Domesday}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid15740484 , p. 15) that 'the vills of the 1334 wapentakes are consistently group
ed together in Domesday Book' denied }{\fs24\insrsid5599953\charrsid15740484 the existence in 1086 of}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid15740484  High Peak Wapentake (that is Blackwell Wapentake}{\fs24\insrsid5599953\charrsid15740484 ,}{
\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid15740484  which he calls Bakewell Wapentake in 'Origins of Derbyshire', p. 104). He regards it as an undivided part of Hamston (=}{\fs24\insrsid5599953\charrsid15740484  }{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid15740484 
Wirksworth) Wapentake. It is unfortunate that he did not publish a detailed analysis of the Derbyshire fiefs. Roffe used several minor arguments to support his conclusion. One of them (}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid15740484 
'Origins of Derbyshire', p. 104) is that 'the manor and soke of Wirksworth were entered under the rubric }{\i\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid15740484 Altum Pechum}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid15740484 
 in an inquisition of that year' (1219). A glance at this entry in the }{\i\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid15740484 Book of Fees}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid15740484 , p. 288, will show that Wirksworth is the last to be entered under the }{
\i\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid15740484 Altum Pechum}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid15740484  ('High Peak') heading and precedes two entries under a heading for
 Repton Wapentake. The form of this entry for Wirksworth marks it out from others given under High Peak and suggests, as is commonly the case in the }{\i\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid15740484 Book of Fees}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid15740484 
, that a heading (in this case for Wirksworth Wapentake) has been omitted.}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid5599953\charrsid15740484  }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid15740484 His }{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid15740484 principal object
ions, however, appear to be firstly that if High Peak (Blackwell) Wapentake existed, then the Domesday arrangement suggests that some places changed wapentake after 1086 and secondly that repetition of the same wapentake within a fief, inevitable if the e
xistence of Blackwell Wapentake is denied, is the consequence of the particular way a chapter was constructed. 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13134887 \f2\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid15740484 \tab }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 In the first case }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 'Introduction', }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Derbyshire Domesday}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
, p. 15}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2052757  note 4}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8734622 Roffe}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  mentions Darley}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8475485  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8734622 (1,11), Ivonbrook Grange (6,1) and}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  Winster (6,2) as having been in Hamston Wapentake in 1086, but later being found not in Wirksworth Wapentake, Hamston's successor, but in High Peak Wapentake, the successor to Blackwell Wapentak}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 e}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2052757 , while, he says,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15740484  Middleton in Youlgr}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ave (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8475485\charrsid2052757 that is}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8475485 , Middleton, }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 6,77}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 ) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2052757 'which}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  is enrolled in the middle of a High Peak group}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6120033  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  was subsequently in Wirksworth'. These are not changes, he concludes, but proof that the later wapentakes of Wirksworth and High Peak were a unit (Hamston Wapentake) in 1086. He further bolster
s his argument (Roffe, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 'Origins}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  of Derbyshire' p. 117 note 12)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 by disputing}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 the identification of Domesday }{\i\f0\fs24\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid8475485\charrsid6120033 Hamelestan}{
\f0\fs24\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid8475485\charrsid6120033  and }{\i\f0\fs24\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid8475485\charrsid6120033 Hammenstan}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 (which he calls }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid2564816 Hamenstan}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 with Hamston Hill (which he calls Harston Hill), the assumed moot-site and}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 which is central to Wirksworth Wapentake, but }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 it }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 is well off-centre for the combined wapentakes of Blackwell (=}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8734622  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 High Peak) and}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Wirksworth.
\par \tab Of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  places he mentions, Darley was, in 1086, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 an indissoluble part of a group of five manors }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8003455 (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
Darley, Matlock, Wirksworth, Ashbourne, Parwich}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8003455 : 1,11-15)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
 with a shared render (1,15), and probably tied to the same wapentake (Hamston = Wirksworth) by that fact. As a border place, Darley could easily have been drawn into Blackwell (=}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8003455  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
High Peak) Wapentake after 1086; see 1,11 Darley note. Ivonbrook Grange (6,1), however, as a hamlet of Wirksworth Ancient Parish (6,1 Ivonbrook note), would long have been in Wirksworth Wapentake}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ,}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  the successor to Hamston Wapentake.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Roffe may have been misled by the fact that the }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Place-Names of Derbyshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 , ii. pp. 133-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 34}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
 treats it as a parish lying in High Peak Wapentake; but see }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 ibidem}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  p. 412. Winster}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15740484  (6,2) was a chapelry of Youlgrave Ancient Parish. Youlgr
}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 ave itself (6,76) was probably in Blackwell (= High Peak
) Wapentake in 1086 but Winster is close enough to the putative wapentake border to have been in Hamston (= Wirksworth) Wapentake in 1086. As to Middleton (6,77), which Roffe says was later in Wirksworth Wa}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15740484 
pentake, Middleton, like Youlgr}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 ave, was still in High Peak Wapentake in 1334: }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Lay Subsidy Roll (1334)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
, pp. 44, 47. It is possible that he has confu}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 sed the Middletons, since Middleton in Wirksworth (1,13) was in Hamston}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  Wapentake }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
in 1086 and later in its proposed successor (Wirksworth Wapentake)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 : }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 see 1,13}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  Middleton note. That two places}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
 on the border}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  changed wapentake does not seem to undermine the analysis here proposed.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13134887 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid10440854 \tab 
Roffe further argues ('Origins of Derbyshire', p. 104) that the repetition of Hamston Wapentake within two fiefs (1 and 6), which is ine
vitable if the contents of Blackwell Wapentake were actually in Hamston Wapentake in 1086, is a consequence of the way these chapters are arranged. He says: ''In }{\i\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid10440854 breves}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid10440854 
 nos 1 an}{\fs24\insrsid13134887 d 6 parcels of land which}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid10440854  were later in High Peak are described separately from
 other estates in the Peak and Wirksworth, but in both cases the chapters are divided into two distinct sections which relate to estate management'. In the case of chapter 1 he argu}{\fs24\insrsid7607534 es that it falls into two parts}{
\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid10440854 : the land held by King William himself, and that held for him by William Peverel}{\fs24\insrsid13134887 : 'the two sections of the }{\i\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid7607534 terra regis}{\fs24\insrsid13134887 
 relate to the estates held by the king personally and those held by William Peverel in custody' (Roffe, 'Origins of Derbyshire', p. 117 note 16)}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid10440854 . But it can be shown that chapter 1}{\fs24\insrsid10224140 
 is not so arranged (see DBY 1 k}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid10440854 ing note) and that Domesday gives no support to the notion that William Peverel was holding nearly all the manors in the}{\fs24\insrsid10224140  }{
\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid10224140 second part}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid10440854  of the chapter. What Domesday does say is that William Peverel had charge of the three comp
osite manors of Bakewell, Ashford-in-the-Water and Hope (1,27-29), which probably lay in Blackwell (=}{\fs24\insrsid10224140  }{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid10440854 High Peak) Wapentake, as well }{\fs24\insrsid7607534 as }{
\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid10440854 three other estates, one in Blackwell Wapentake, one in 'Morleystone' Wapentake a}{\fs24\insrsid1801994 nd one in 'Scarsdale' Wapentake}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid10440854  (1,32;35
-36). It seems that William Peverel's interest is mentioned in passing, as the main scribe of Great Domesday progressed through the wapentakes. That being so, there is no reason for the separate entry of Bakewell, Ashford-in-the-Water and Hope, if they we
re in reality part of a }{\fs24\insrsid10224140 group of places in Hamston Wapentake}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid10440854 
. But if they were in Hamston Wapentake, they are separated from other lands in that wapentake (1,11-15) by lands in "Walecros" Wapentake (1,16-26). In fact, although Bakewell, Ashford-in-the-Water
 and Hope had a separate history (being a large rump of the 60 }{\i\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid10440854 manentes }{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid10440854 
at Hope and Ashford-in-the-Water purchased from the 'heathen', that is, the Danes, by Aethelred the Ealdorman of the Mercians), and a close interrelationship (see 1,29 manors note), th
ey are entered with other lands (Longdendale, Beeley, 'Langley', Eyam and Stoney Middleton (1,30-34) in what became High Peak Wapentake, of only one of which ('Langley', 1,32) William Peverel is said to have charge. This tells in favour of their not being
 lands held by Wil}{\fs24\insrsid10224140 l}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid10440854 iam Peverel, but being in a separate, though unnamed}{\fs24\insrsid10224140 , wapentake in 1086; see DBY 1 k}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid10440854 ing note
\par \tab }{\fs24\insrsid13134887 In the case of chapter 6, Roff}{\fs24\insrsid2507282 e does not explain what }{\fs24\insrsid2507282\charrsid2052757 he means by 'relate to estate management'}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid2052757 
 and it does not leap to the eye; rather, the}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid10440854 
 chapter appears to be entered strictly in wapentakal order; see DBY 6 Henry note. Roffe can find no reason for the arrangement of chapter 10 in which, if the existence of Blackwell Wapentake in 1086 is denied, Hamston Wapentake occurs twice}{
\fs24\insrsid13120809 .}{\fs24\insrsid13134887  He says ('Origins of Derbyshire', p. 104) 'the two later wapentakes (are) separately enrolled without apparent reason'}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid10440854 .
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887\charrsid10440854 \tab }{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid10440854 The detail}{\fs24\insrsid13134887 ed analysis that has led to the}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid10440854  }{\fs24\insrsid13134887 
conclusion that wapentakes corresponding to the later wapentakes of High Peak and of Litchurch exis}{\fs24\insrsid15274368 ted in 1086 is given in the first}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid10440854 
 note to each chapter and in the notes to individual entries. Its essence was published by one of the present editors (FT) in 1990 in Thorn, 'Hundreds and Wapentakes', }{\i\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid10440854 Derbyshire Domesday}{
\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid10440854 , pp. 28-38}{\fs24\insrsid13134887 ,}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid10440854  and the possible boundaries of
 the seven wapentakes were included on the map included with that edition. The wapentake heads that would need to be added to the Derbyshire text were suggested there }{\fs24\insrsid13134887 in Table 4}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid10440854 .
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13134887 \f2\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13134887\charrsid10440854 

\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid10440854 The seven wapentakes that have been detected in the Derbyshire folios seem equivalent to six, Blackwell and Hamston being in effect half-wapentakes. If this is so, Derbyshire is similar to Nottinghamshire which 
}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5274535\charrsid2052757 also }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid2052757 had }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5274535\charrsid2052757 the equivalent of six, that is}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5274535 , }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid10440854 
four whole and four half wapentakes, the size of each whole wapentake and of the two shires being very similar, especially when contrasted with the other two shires (Leicestershire and Lincolnshire) that emerged from the Con}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14436730 
federation of the Five Boroughs;}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid10440854  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2052757 see \{Introduction: Carucation\}.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10292325 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2052757\charrsid10440854 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid10440854 Wapentakal Boundaries
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid10440854 If this reconstruction of the contents of the 1086 wapentakes is accepted, a preponderance of natural boundaries will be found dividing them. Thus Blackwell (=}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1338865  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid10440854 High Peak) Wapentake is separated from 
'Scarsdale' Wapentake by a spine of moorland represented now by Burbage Moor, Totley Moor, Big Moor and East Moor. On its south-western edge, Blackwell Wapentake is marked off from Hamston Wapentake by a Roman road running south-eastwards from Buxton (the
 Roman }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid10440854 Aquae Arnemetiae}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid10440854 ).}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  In Youlgrave Ancient Parish the name Lomberdale, first evidenced }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5006762 c}
{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 . 1250 as }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5006762 Londemeredale}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1338865 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  is probably from Old English }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5006762 land-}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5006762 (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5006762 ge}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5006762 )}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5006762 maere}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  and }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2507282\charrsid2052757 dael}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2052757  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ('boundary valley') relating to the two wapentakes of Blackwell (High Peak) and Hamston (Wirksworth); see }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid13987090 
Place-Names of Derbyshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , i. p. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 183. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid10440854  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
\par \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid10440854 'Appletree' Wapentake is probably divided from Hamston Wapentake partly by the Henmore Brook and the Dayfield Brook and from Litchurch Wapentake partly by th
e River Derwent which mostly separates Litchurch Wapentake}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  from that of 'Morleystone'.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
"Walecros" Wapentake is severed from its northern neighbours along its entire length by the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 River}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  Trent.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 In a few cases, where a place is close to the assumed line of a 
wapentake boundary it is not always clear to which of two it should be assigned, especially if the wapentake boundary itself does not appear to be following an evident topographical feature such as a river, a hill-ridge or a Roman road.}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Thus there are some
 doubts about the exact line of division between Hamston and 'Appletree' Wapentakes. In this analysis Atlow (6,13), Kirk Ireton (1,13) and Wallstone (6,12) have been assumed to lie in Hamston Wapentake; Bradley (6,44)}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 and Hulland (9,3) in 'Appletree' Wapentake.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
Biggin (SK2648), not mentioned in Domesday, has been assumed to lie in Hamston (= Wirksworth) Wapentake as it was part of Wirksworth Ancient Parish.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
At the southern extremity of 'Appletree' Wapentake it seems likely that Egginton (9,4) was in that wapentake in 1086, but that it subsequently moved }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2507282\charrsid2052757 to}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2507282  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
Litchurch Wapentake; see 9,4 Egginton note}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13184255 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
\par }{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Slightly to the east, the exact point of junct
ion of Litchurch, 'Morleystone' and Hamston Wapentakes is not quite certain. Thus Duffield (6,66) lay in 'Morleystone' Wapentake and Turnditch (SK2946) and}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  Windley (SK3045) - these last two}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  not named in Domesday -}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 have been placed there on the basis of later evidence (for Windley, see }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Lay Subsidy Roll (1334)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , p. 43).}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Shottle }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 (6,12) }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 lay in Hamston Wapentake and the proposed}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  division cuts across the township of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Shottle and Postern }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14436730\charrsid13184255 
which was a part of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  Duffield Ancient Parish}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , putting Postern (SK3146) in 'Morleystone'}{\f0\fs24\insrsid198660  Wapentake}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 .}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Mugginton (6,95) has been placed in Li}{\f0\fs24\insrsid198660 tchurch Wapentake. The }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 notes}{\f0\fs24\insrsid198660 
 attached to these entries}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  explore the evidence for these decisions; some of these difficulties are discussed in Roffe, 'Origins of Derbyshire', p. 117 n. 18. 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Apart from
 this, the present reconstruction of the Derbyshire wapentakes does not suggest that there were any major complications in the administrative topography of the county.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
Only one village (Dalbury, 3,1. 6,97) may possibly have been divided between wapentakes; see 3,1 Dalbury note. No wapentake seems to have had a detached part lying within any other.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10292325\charrsid5464266 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid10292325 Small H}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 undreds}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
\par It is likely that, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 by 1086, each wapentake was sub}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 divided into a series of twelve-carucate 'hundreds'. Thus, the Bishop of Chester's manor of Sawley, with Draycott}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  and Hopwell (2,1), is }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 said to lie }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 not only }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
in 'Morleystone' Wapentake, but also in Sawley Hundred. Sawley with its two outliers, makes up twelve carucates and the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 jurisdiction of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
 Long Eaton (2,2) makes a further twelve, and may well have formed another hundred.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 There are several references to th}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
ese hundreds in Nottinghamshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  (NTT 11,17. 18,1;6. 24,1)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  many more, though still in an unsystematic 
way, in Lincolnshire. There is no reference to them in Leicestershire and Yorkshire, the other carucated shires, though Leicestershire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
was evidently divided into small hundreds (many of them containing more than 12 carucates) in the twelfth century, as is shown by the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid1801994 Leicestershire Survey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1801994 ; see }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 LEC }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1801994 \{}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 Introduction: The Leicestershire Survey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 \}. It is probable that it was so divided in 1086}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 .}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  These hundreds are best understood from the Domesday survey of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1801994 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid1801994 Roteland}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1801994 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
 (the nucleus }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 of Rutland) attached to that of Nottinghamshire }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 as well as from the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid1801994 Leicestershire Survey}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 from the early twelfth-century }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid1801994 Lindsey Survey }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9514030\charrsid14039442 
(see Foster and Longley, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9514030\charrsid14039442 Lincolnshire Domesday}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid14039442 ). They were probably jettisoned during t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
he compilation of Domesday Book because they served no purpose in identifying manors or holders.
\par \tab These hundreds seem to be connecte}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 d with carucati}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5113421 on. They we}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 re sub}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 divisions of the wapentake, and perhaps its e}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5113421 ssential building-blocks. They we}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 re therefore fiscal rather than administrative, and probably did not function as }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 did }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
the larger hundreds }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Wessex and southern Mercia}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  which had policing and judicial}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
 obligations in addition to their r}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 esponsibility for taxation. These small hundreds}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5113421  we}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 re usually territorially compact, but cut through estates. Their variat}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5113421 ion in size between the shires wa}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 s probably due to the very different quotas imposed on different shires; thus }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5113421 the hundreds of Leicestershire we}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 re often three or four times larger than the 12-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5113421 carucates that are assumed to have been}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  the norm in Derbyshire, Nottinghamshire and Lincolnshire.
}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid13987090 This use of the word 'hundred' may be derived f}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 r}{\f0\fs24\insrsid162796 om a fine (of }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid162796\charrsid15274368 hundreds}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12136821\charrsid15274368  of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15274368  "ora}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14098012 e}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4264407 "}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid13987090 
) imposed for a breach of the king's peace. This fine is found in the joint shire customs for }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire which record }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid13987090 that a fine was pay}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
able 'by 18 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid15274368 hundreds [of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2772683 "}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid2772683 ora}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14098012 e}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4264407 "}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
]' (NTT S1): 'In Nottinghams}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5113421 hire and in Derbyshire, if the k}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ing's peace, given by his hand or seal, is broken, a fine is paid by 18 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid15274368 hundreds [of }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2772683\charrsid15274368 "}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ora}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14098012 e}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4264407 "}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ]; each hundred [}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid15274368 of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2772683 "}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ora}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14098012 e}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4264407 "}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2772683  makes] \'a38. The k}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ing h}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2772683 as two parts of this fine, the e}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 arl the third; that is 12 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid15274368 hundreds [of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2772683 "}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ora}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14098012 e}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4264407 "}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2772683 ] are the fine paid to the k}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ing, 6 to t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2772683 he e}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 arl'.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2772683  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 T}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid13987090 
he boroughs of Lincoln (LIN C32) and York (YKS C}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 38) had very similar customs. This}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid13987090  fine is also implicit in the provision of the Wantage Code of }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid13987090 c}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid13987090 . 997; see }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid13987090 English Historical Documents}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 , i. pp. 439-}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid13987090 42 no. 43; Stenton, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid13987090 Anglo-Saxon England}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid13987090 , pp. 50}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2772683 7-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid13987090 13}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2772683 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  and NTT S1 hundreds note}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid13987090 . However, if carucation}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  dates from the reign of King Cnut (1016-1035) or of }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid13987090 Edward the Confessor (1042-1066), and the hundreds are related to carucation, then the fine and the fiscal unit may have no connection, the name 'hundred' }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 perhaps }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid13987090 being taken from the name of the unit in Wessex and southern Mercia, where it was a division of the shire (and which had largely lost its meaning of '100 men' or '100 hides'). It is possible, however,}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid13987090 that the fine and the unit of assessment are in fact linked, with the hundred being a later territorial}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  expression of the fine.}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2772683  }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 \tab Even if these hundreds survived a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 fter 1086 in administrative use in Derbyshire, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
they are not evidenced, although the solitary reference to a wapentake of }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Ryseleye}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  (Risley) in 1310}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  may be to a hundred of that name; see }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid13987090 Place-Names of Derbyshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , ii. p. 422.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  They are, however, central to the purpose of the twelfth-century }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid14098012 Leicestershire Survey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid997305  and}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2772683\charrsid14098012 Lin}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid14098012 dsey Survey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 .}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
\par \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6893263\charrsid2911852 On the hundred as a fine, see NTT S1 hundreds note and}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2911852\charrsid2911852 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6893263\charrsid2911852  o}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid2911852 n these }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6893263\charrsid2911852 small territorial}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6893263  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 hundreds}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 , see RUT R1-2}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  and RUT R1 hundreds note}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ; }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Round, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Feudal England}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , pp}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid10037852 . }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14098383\charrsid10037852 69-76}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ; }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Foster and Longley, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Lincolnshire Domesday and the Lindsey Survey}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , pp. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6640299\charrsid10037852 xiv-xv}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6640299 ;}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  Stenton, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid4327693 Danelaw Charters}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
, pp. lxiii-lxx; }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Roffe, 'Lincolnshire Hundred'.
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid10292325\charrsid5464266 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Wapentakal Courts
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13134887 {\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
There is a single reference to the work of a wapentake jury (6,99), unless the 'sworn men' of 13,2 are representatives of the wapentake.
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13134887 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid10292325\charrsid5464266 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid8206935 Links to Royal M}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 anors
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 What administration had preceded the wapentakes may well have centred on a series of royal manors, as has been postulated for shires elsewhere in the country.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 King Edward had held }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 Darley, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Matlock Bridge, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 Melbourne, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Bakewell, }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 Ashford-in-the-Water and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Hope}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 , }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 and probably }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 also }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Wirksworth, Parwich and Ashbourne which were linked to Darley and Matlock Bridge by a joint render. He had also held Mickleover (3,1)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
 and possibly Newbold (1,1), an important estate that lacks a named }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid13987090 T.R.E.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  holder}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 . This stock of royal ma
nors may once have contained others, Repton for example, held by Earl Algar in 1066, but an ancient royal estate (1}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ,20 Repton note) and possibly the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  estate of }{
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Northuuorthige}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 whose central place was represented by Derby in 1086; see B1 Derby note}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 .}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 The 'new' administration based on the wapentake appears in several cases to cut across existing manorial }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 organization}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  and it might be thought that it had greatly reduced the role of royal manors. It might be surprising, therefore, to find that any of the 1086 wapen
takes was still controlled by the same royal manor which from earlier times dominated and administered the territory that was allotted to it, a pattern that can be shown or suspected in many of the shires of Mercia and Wessex. 
\par \tab In fact 'Scarsdale' Wapentake contained the royal multiple estate of Newbold (1,1), one of whose members, Chest}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 erfield, occasionally named the wapentake}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 ; see Anderson, }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 English Hundred Names}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , pp. 33-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 3}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 4. No }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 T.R.E}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 . holder is given for Newbold or for Chesterfield, but the est}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ate has the appearance of being}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  ancient and royal.
\par \tab Blackwell Wapentake (the name first evidenced in 1195) was named from a member of the royal manor of Bakewell (1,27)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11286483 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  one of the three major royal es}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
tates (the others being Ashford-in-the-Water and Hope}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11286483 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  1,28-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 29) that dominate this wapentake. The wapentake occasionally appears to be named from Bakewell }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 itself }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 (it is the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Wapentac de Bauchull}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
 in 1199), but it is difficult to be certain that this is not a confusion of the two very similar names. Part or all of this wapentake was occasionally known as }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Aslakestou Wapentacum }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 or }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Hatelakesto Wapentacum}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  (1179, 1188)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 , apparently n}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11286483 amed from an }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 otherwise unrecorded place}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 ; see Anderson, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 English Hundred Names}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , p. 34; }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Place-Names of Derbyshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , i. p. 24.}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 \tab Hamston Wapentake contained Darley, Matlock}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  Bridge (including Matlock itself)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , Wirksworth, Ashbourne and Parwich (1,11-15). It wa}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 s named from a place in Thorpe}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  which was part of the royal manor of Ashbourne (1,14); see \{Introduction: Moot-Sites). The later name of the wapentake, Wir
ksworth Wapentake, was also that of a royal estate (1,13) that was more central to the wapentake.
\par \tab Litchurch Wapentake was named from a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  royal estate (B2-3) whose revenue had, in 1066, been }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 appurtenant to the borough of Derby. Its neighbour, east of the Riv
er Derwent and likewise touching Derby}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  was 'Morleystone'}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11286483  Wapentake}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 which was }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 evidently associated with Morley (6,70;100)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11286483 , which}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  was }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 held by Siward }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
T.R.E.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  and by Henry of Ferrers in 1086. The relative insignificance of these places might suggest that these two wapentakes were appurtenant to }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid2911852 the borough of Derby}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2911852\charrsid2911852  w}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6893263\charrsid2911852 hose revenue had been }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid2911852 divided two-thirds/ one-third between king and earl}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 . However}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11286483 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6893263  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6893263\charrsid2911852 the estate of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid2911852  Litchurch}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  might }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6893263\charrsid2911852 
once}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6893263  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 have been appurtenant to Mic}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 k}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 leover (3,1) which had been held by King Edward.
\par \tab "Walecros", as the name of a wapentake, was later displaced by Repton (1,20, a royal manor) and it would not be surprising if }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6893263\charrsid2911852 its}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11286483  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
unlocated moot-site l}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7686280 ay within that manor}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14833640 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
\par \tab Only 'Appletree' Wapentake had no royal manor in it either in 1066 or 1086 and the jurors whose testimony is recorded in }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , ii. p. 291}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  asse}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 r}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
ted that there was no ancient demesne in the wapentake. Nor is there an obvious contender among its 1086 estates to be the manor that dominated it. The royal m
ultiple estate of Ashbourne (1,14) lay on the border of Hamston and 'Appletree' Wapentakes. Ashbourne itself was in Hamston Wapentake but some of its dependencies were in 'Appletree' Wapentake; see \{Introduction: Manorial }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
Organization}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 \}. It is possible that in 1086 both Hamston and 'Appletree' Wapentakes were appurtenant to Ashbourne. 'Appletree' Wapentake met at Sutton-on-the-Hill in later times (\{Introduction: Moot-Sites\}
), but it is not clear whether that represents the 1086 arrangement. An entry under the borough of Derby (B15)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
 recording that the revenue of the wapentake was divided between the king and the earl, might indicate that 'Appletree' Wapentake had been granted out of a larger unit (represented by Hamston and 'App}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 letree}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13972761 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  W}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 apentakes) fo}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 r the E}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 arl of Mercia; see B15 'Appletree' note}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7768 .}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10292325\charrsid5464266 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Moot-Sites}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid2629373 The exact meeting places of those wapentakes named from estates in 1086 or later (Blackwell, Litchurch, Repton and Wirksworth) are unknown. In the case of Blackwell, it is possible that both the moot-si
te and the settlement were named from the same 'dark spring' (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid2629373 Place-Names of Derbyshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid2629373 
, i. p. 46), rather than the wapentake's being named from the settlement. In Edensor }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 (in Blackwell}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12681137 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  later High Peak}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12681137 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
 Wapentake) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid2629373 there was a Moatless Plantation which is probably a corrupt form of 'Motelowe' or some such spelling, which would be derived from Old English }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 (}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid2629373 ge}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 )}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid2629373 mot}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid2629373  and }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid2629373 hlaw}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12195285  (}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12195285\charrsid7768 'moot mound' or 'meeting mound}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid7768 '); see }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid7768 Place-Names of Derbyshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid7768 , i. p. 91. In Youlgr}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ave, in the same wapentake, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid2629373 there is a Moatlow Knob (SK201637), which has the same derivation:}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid2629373  Place-Names of Derbyshire}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid2629373 , i. p. 183.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid2629373 It is not certain i}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 f these were occasional or alte}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid2629373 rnat}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ive places of assembly for the w}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid2629373 apentake}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12681137  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 or for some smaller unit}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid2629373 . In the case of Moatlow Kno}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 b, it could have been a pl}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid2629373 ace where the wapentakes of Blackwell (High Peak) and Hamston (Wirksworth) met jointly}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 , since it is close to the boundary}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid2629373 .
\par \tab The moot-site of Litchurch was no doubt in that village or in Derby to which the village and perhaps the wapentake were appurtenant (B2-3). It appears as the 'Hundred of Litchurch and of Derby}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12195285\charrsid7768 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid2629373  in 1249; see }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid2629373 Place-Names of Derbyshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid2629373 , ii. p. 422}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7768 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid2629373 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 \tab 'Scarsdale' appears to be an old name for part or all of the Amber valley; see Anderson, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 English Hundred Names}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , pp. 33-
}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 34. He reported}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  that there is a Scarsdale Terrace one mile north-east of South Wingfield, b}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ut this may be a modern}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
 revival of the name.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Both Wo}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 odthorpe (SK3764) and Stretton }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
(10,7-8) are said to lie in 'Scarsdale' in the fourteenth century: }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Place-Names of Derbyshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , ii. pp}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 .}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
 187, 307, 337. There are also said to be a Scarsdale House and a Scarsdale Cottage in the parish of Codnor and Loscoe in the area of 'Morleystone' Wapentake and not in the valley of the River Amber. They too may be revivals: }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Place-Names of Derbyshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 , ii. p. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 187. Neither appears on the modern 1: 10,000 map. Sutton Scarsdale, though it lay in this wapentake,}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 does not give a location for 'Scarsdale' since it was named from its lords, the Earls of Scarsdale: }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Place-Names of Derbyshire}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , ii. p. 309. The moot-site of 'Scarsdale}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ' Wapentake }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid12925487 will probably}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
 have been somewhere in the Amber valley. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 However, there are Musterbrook Cottages in Temple Normanton, named from the Muster Brook (SK4268 to SK4267, a southern }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid222108 extension of the Calo
w Brook) which is five miles east of Chesterfield and not in the Amber Valley. The name }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12195285\charrsid7035847 Muster}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12681137  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid222108 is possibly from Old English (}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid222108 ge}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 )}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid222108 mot}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid222108  and }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid222108 stow}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid222108  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid7035847 (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12195285\charrsid7035847 'moot place' or }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid7035847 'meeting-place}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12681137\charrsid7035847 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid7035847 ); see }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid7035847 Place-Names of Derbyshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid7035847 , i. p. 13, ii. p. 282.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid222108 
 Chesterfield, the occasional alternative name for 'Scarsdale' Wapentake, also does not lie in th}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 e Amber}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid222108  valley, so there is likely to have been an alternative moot-site there or nearby.

\par \tab The men of Hamston Wapentake may well have met on Hamston Hill (SK1550) in the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  parish of Thorpe, which itself was a member of the royal manor of Ashbourne (1,14). Just to the north in }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 the Civil Parish of Newton Grange}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  is a Moat Low (from Old English }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12925487 (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12925487\charrsid12925487 ge}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12925487 )}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 mot}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  and }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 hlaw}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid6446469 , }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6446469 (}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6446469\charrsid7035847 'moot mound' or 'meeting mound'}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6446469\charrsid2629373 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 . Hamston Hill}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  is accepted }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 as the moot-site 
}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 by }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Place-Names of Derbyshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , ii. p. 338-39}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12925487 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  see p. 399.}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  However, the identification of the moot-site is complicated by the shortage of early forms and the differences between the two (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Hamelestan}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  and }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Hammenstan}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 ) given in Domesday.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
Anderson (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 English Hundred Names}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , p. 34) is inclined to connect Hamston}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  Hill with Hanson Grange nearby.}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  Since Hanson Grange is }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Hanzedone}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  in Domesday (1,15), he argues that Domesday }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
Hamelestan}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  and }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Hammenstan}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  cannot be Hamston. It would}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
 however}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  be surp
rising that if Hamston and Hanson were related to each other and adjacent, they had evolved so separately. A further complication is that land in Carsington (SK2553) was said in the thirteenth }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 century, }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 as in the sixteenth }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 century,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  to lie beside the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Homelleston Weye}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  or }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Hameston Waye}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 . Hamston Hill is a good ten kilometres from Carsington, and it is possible that }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Homelleston}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  or }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Hameston}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
 should be sought closer at hand, although men would come from considerable distances to meetings of the wapentake. Both of these possible sites are on the southern edge of the wapentake a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 nd Hamston Hill is in the south-east }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 corner. If either identification is correct, it rules out the possibility that the moot-sites could have served a combined wapentake later represented by High Peak}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  and Wirksworth W}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 apentakes.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6446469  There is also a }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 lost 'Motlawe' (evidently from Old English}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid2629373  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 (}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid2629373 ge}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 )}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid2629373 mot}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid2629373  and }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid2629373 hlaw}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6446469  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid7035847\charrsid7035847 (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6446469\charrsid7035847 'moot mound' or 'meeting mound'}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7035847\charrsid7035847 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  in Brassington and, also there, a Spellow Ground Farm named from some 
}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid222108 spell}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 -}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid222108 hlaw}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  ('speech}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid10037852 -}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6640299\charrsid10037852 mound}
{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid10037852 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10037852 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid222108 ; see }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid222108 Place-Names of Derbyshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid222108 
, ii. pp. 351-52. Matlock itself could well be drived from }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid222108 Maethel}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid222108  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 and }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid1647806 ac}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid222108  'meeting oak-tree'); see }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid222108 Place-Names of Derbyshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid222108 , ii. p. 389.
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 \tab 'Morleystone' was named from some prominent stone in Morley, an}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  unimportant holding of Henry of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
 Ferrers in 1086 (6,70;100). The stone has not been located}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 , but the wapentake still met there in 1330}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 ; see Anderson, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 English Hundred Names}
{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , pp. 35-36;}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Place-Names of Derbyshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , ii. p. 422.
\par  \tab The site of 'Appletree' is unknown, but in later times the hundred moot was held in Sutton-on-the-Hill, where possibly the apple tree was situated. In 1322 it was known as the hundred of }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
Appeltre et Sutton}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , but such double names usually imply sep}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 rate parts, rather than being alternatives for each other; see Anderson, }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 English Hundred Names}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , p. 35;}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  Place-Names of Derbyshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , iii.}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 p. 515. Part of Sutton-on-the-Hill was a member of Mickleover (3,1) in 1086; another part was held by Henry of Ferrers (6,39). Mickleover itself probably lay in 
Litchurch Wapentake in 1086.
\par \tab The 'Welshman's cross'}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  or more probably 'Vali's cross'}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  that gave "Walecros" Wapentake its n}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ame is unknown and unlocated;}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  Anderson, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 English Hundred Names}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , p.36; }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Place-Names of Derbyshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , iii. p. 622. The fact that the wapentake was later named from the royal manor of Repton (1,20) might suggest that the }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 moot-site}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  was in the manor, and that this is an example of the tendency for hundreds }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7035847 or wapentakes to bear two names.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 

\par 
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Lordship of the Wapentake}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
\par The notion that a wapentake or hundred should have a lord who benefited from the profits of justice, is only fully elabor}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6446469 ated in later times; by the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6446469\charrsid7035847 thir}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid7035847 teenth}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  century every hundred or wapentake was 'owned' by someone and increasingly the hundred or wapent
ake was granted as an appurtenance of a manor. There are few indication}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
 in Domesday Book of any such arrangements. However, the possible attachment of some wapentakes to important manors suggests that in Derbyshire, at least, there may be signs of the beginning of such a system}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ; see \{
Introduction: Links to Royal Manors\}}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 .
\par 
\par }\trowd \irow0\irowband0\ts16\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr
\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1461\clshdrawnil \cellx1353\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1194\clshdrawnil \cellx2547\clvertalt\clbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1413\clshdrawnil \cellx3960\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2340\clshdrawnil \cellx6300\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2448\clshdrawnil \cellx8748\pard\plain 
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid13134887\yts16 \f2\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\b\f0\insrsid13134887\charrsid9514030 1086 Wapentake\cell Possible lord in 1086\cell Later Wapentake\cell 
Lord in 1275 (}{\b\i\f0\insrsid13134887\charrsid9514030 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\b\f0\insrsid13134887\charrsid9514030 , ii. p. 297}{\b\f0\insrsid613263\charrsid9514030 )}{\b\f0\insrsid13134887\charrsid9514030 \cell Lord in 1316}{
\f0\insrsid13134887\charrsid9514030  }{\b\f0\insrsid13134887\charrsid9514030 (}{\b\i\f0\insrsid13134887\charrsid9514030 Feudal Aids}{\b\f0\insrsid13134887\charrsid9514030 , i. pp. 254-56)}{\f0\insrsid13134887\charrsid9514030 \cell }\pard\plain 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 \trowd \irow0\irowband0
\ts16\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr
\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1461\clshdrawnil \cellx1353\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1194\clshdrawnil \cellx2547\clvertalt\clbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1413\clshdrawnil \cellx3960\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2340\clshdrawnil \cellx6300\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2448\clshdrawnil \cellx8748\row }\pard\plain 
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid13134887\yts16 \f2\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\f0\insrsid13134887\charrsid1647806 'Appletree'}{\f0\insrsid13134887 
\par 
\par  }{\f0\insrsid14692690 Blackwell}{\cf1\insrsid14692690 \'87}{\f0\insrsid13134887 
\par  }{\f0\insrsid13134887\charrsid1647806 Hamston}{\f0\insrsid13134887 
\par  }{\f0\insrsid14692690 Litchurch}{\cf1\insrsid14692690 \'87}{\f0\insrsid13134887 
\par  }{\f0\insrsid13134887\charrsid1647806 'Morleystone'}{\f0\insrsid13134887 
\par }{\f0\insrsid13134887\charrsid1647806  'Scarsdale' }{\f0\insrsid13134887 
\par }{\f0\insrsid13134887\charrsid1647806  "Walecros"   }{\f0\insrsid13134887   }{\f0\insrsid13134887\charrsid1647806 \cell }{\f0\insrsid4422906 (Uncertain)}{\f0\insrsid13134887\charrsid1647806 
\par }{\f0\insrsid13134887 
\par }{\f0\insrsid13134887\charrsid1647806 The king
\par The king
\par The king
\par The king
\par The king
\par The king}{\f0\insrsid13134887 \cell 'Appletree'
\par 
\par High Peak
\par Wirksworth}{\f0\insrsid2184364\charrsid2490398 **}{\f0\insrsid13134887 
\par Litchurch
\par 'Morleystone'
\par 'Scarsdale'
\par Repton and}{\f0\insrsid4422906 
\par  }{\f0\insrsid13134887  Gresley}{\f0\insrsid6446469\charrsid2490398 ++}{\f0\insrsid13134887 \cell Edmund, Earl of }{\f0\insrsid613263 
\par    Lancaster}{\cf1\insrsid14692690 \'86}{\f0\insrsid13134887 
\par }{\f0\insrsid14692690 The king (by escheat}{\cf1\insrsid14692690 *}{\f0\insrsid13134887 )
\par The king
\par The king
\par The king
\par }{\f0\insrsid14692690 Nicholas Wake}{\cf1\insrsid14692690 #}{\f0\insrsid13134887 
\par The Earl of Chester (Repton); Edmund, Earl of Lancaster (Gresley)
\par }{\f0\insrsid13134887\charrsid1647806 \cell }{\f0\insrsid13134887 Thomas, }{\f0\insrsid13134887\charrsid1647806 Earl of Lancaster
\par }{\f0\insrsid13134887 
\par }{\f0\insrsid13134887\charrsid1647806 In the queen's hand}{\f0\insrsid13134887 s}{\f0\insrsid13134887\charrsid1647806 
\par }{\f0\insrsid13134887 Thomas,}{\f0\insrsid13134887\charrsid1647806  Earl of Lancaster
\par }{\f0\insrsid13134887 T}{\f0\insrsid13134887\charrsid1647806 he king
\par The king 
\par Thomas Wake
\par The king }{\f0\insrsid13134887 (Repton);}{\f0\insrsid613263 
\par    }{\f0\insrsid13134887 Thomas}{\f0\insrsid613263 ,}{\f0\insrsid13134887  }{\f0\insrsid13134887\charrsid1647806 Earl of}{\f0\insrsid613263 
\par   }{\f0\insrsid13134887\charrsid1647806  Lancaster}{\f0\insrsid613263  }{\f0\insrsid13134887  (Gresley)}{\f0\insrsid13134887\charrsid5856451 \cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 \trowd \irow1\irowband1\lastrow \ts16\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 \trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol 
\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1461\clshdrawnil \cellx1353\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr
\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1194\clshdrawnil \cellx2547\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1413\clshdrawnil \cellx3960\clvertalt\clbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2340\clshdrawnil \cellx6300\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2448\clshdrawnil \cellx8748\row }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13134887 {\cf1\insrsid14692690 \'86}{\cf1\insrsid13134887  }{\cf1\insrsid9576058  }{\cf1\insrsid13134887 In }{
\i\insrsid13134887\charrsid5856451 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\insrsid13134887 , ii. p. 291}{\insrsid4422906 ,}{\insrsid13134887 
 it was reported that 'Appletree' Wapentake had been in the hands of King John but had been exchanged with William of Ferrers, Earl of Derby}{\insrsid4422906 ,}{\insrsid13134887  for the third penny of the boroug
h of Derby. It looks as if it had returned to royal hands since it was held in 1275 by the brother}{\cf1\insrsid13134887 
\par of King Edward I.}{\cf1\insrsid14692690  }{\cf1\insrsid13134887 
\par 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid14692690 \'87}{\cf1\insrsid13134887  }{\cf1\insrsid9576058  }{\cf1\insrsid13134887 These two wapentakes are not named in Domesday.
\par 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid14692690 *}{\cf1\insrsid9576058   }{\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5856451 High Peak Wapentake had probably been held at first after 1086 by the Peve}{\cf1\insrsid4422906 rels. It was in the king's hands }{\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5856451 
as an escheat in 1275 (}{\i\insrsid13134887\charrsid5856451 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\insrsid13134887\charrsid5856451 , ii. pp. 291, 297}{\insrsid4422906 )}{\insrsid13134887\charrsid5856451 .}{\insrsid2184364 
\par 
\par }{\insrsid2184364\charrsid2490398 **}{\insrsid13134887\charrsid5856451  }{\insrsid9576058  }{\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5856451 Wirksworth }{\cf1\insrsid13134887 manor }{\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5856451 
was given to the Earl of Ferrers by King John; }{\insrsid13134887\charrsid5856451 the gift seems to have included the wapentake of that name: }{\i\insrsid13134887\charrsid5856451 Book of Fees}{\insrsid13134887\charrsid5856451 , pp. 152, 288, 992.}{
\insrsid4422906  }{\insrsid13134887 
\par 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid14692690 #}{\insrsid13134887  }{\insrsid9576058  }{\cf1\insrsid13134887 In }{\i\insrsid13134887\charrsid5856451 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\insrsid13134887 , ii. pp. 291, 297}{\insrsid4422906 ,}{\insrsid13134887 
 it was reported that 'Scarsdale' Wapentake had been given by King John to William }{\i\insrsid13134887\charrsid9596106 de Bruyere}{\insrsid13134887 , but it was not clear why it was 'in the hands of others'}{\insrsid4422906 . }{\insrsid2490398 
Nicholas Wake must represent these others.}{\insrsid13134887 
\par }{\insrsid6446469 
\par }{\insrsid6446469\charrsid2490398 ++}{\insrsid9576058  }{\insrsid6446469\charrsid2490398  On this subsequent division of "Walecros" (Repton) Wapentake, }{\insrsid9576058 see \{Introduction: Relation to L}{\insrsid6446469\charrsid2490398 ater Wapentakes\}.
}{\insrsid6446469\charrsid5856451 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13134887 \f2\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid3149470 Relation to L}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 ater Wapentakes 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 By the twelfth or thirteenth centuries Hamston Wapentake had been renamed Wirksworth }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3750001\charrsid2490398 Wapentake}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3750001  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
from the important royal manor of that na}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 me}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3750001  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3750001\charrsid2490398 (1,13}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2184364\charrsid2490398 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  and was an appurtenance of that manor}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2490398 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  I}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 n the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Book of Fees}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , i. p. 152}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3750001 ,}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  it is the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 manerium de Wirkewrth' cum wapentacio}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  ('the manor of Wirksworth with the wapentake')}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 .}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 The wapentake was held by the Earl of Ferrers at that time}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  (1212)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2490398  and by}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  }
{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 Thomas, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Earl of Lancaster in 1316 (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Feudal Aids}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , i. p. 254). However}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3750001 ,}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  a grant of 1203}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  (in a charter roll cited from the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid16146662 Rotuli }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid9596106 Chartarum 1199-1216}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  by }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Anderson, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 English Hundred Names}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , pp. 34-35}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 )}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  is equivocal: }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 totum manerium de Wirkeswrth' et Esseburne cum wapentaco}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
 ('the whole manor of Wirksworth and Ashbourne with the wapentake') and in }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 , ii. p}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 296}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  it is }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 wappentacum de Wyrkeswurth unacum villa de Essebourn}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  ('th}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3750001 e}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  wapentake of Wirksworth together with the vill of Ashbourne')}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 . Ashbou
rne and Wirksworth were the principal royal estates in this wapentake and Hamston Hill (if correctly identified) lay in a member of Ashbourne. See Anderson, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 English Hundred Names}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , pp. 34-35; }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Place-Names of Derbyshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , ii. pp. 338-39.
\par \tab Blackwell Wapentake was known later known as Peak or High Peak Wapentake, first evidenced in 1208. It may be the same as the area called }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Nord Pech}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3750001  ('North Peak') in 1174, but}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3750001 (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 pace}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3750001  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Roffe}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3750001 , }{
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 'Origins of Derbyshire', p. 117 note 15}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 ) the existence of the affixes 'High' or 'North' does not have to imply that there was a southern half to this wapentake}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid9596106 Anderson, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid9596106 English }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid3997922 Hundred Names}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid3997922 , p. 33,}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  whom Roffe cites, is talking about areas, not wapentakes}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3750001 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  and says: 'High Peak is the name of 
the north part of the Peak district as distinct from Low or Lower Peak, approximately corresponding to Wirksworth hundred ...; another name of the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2184364\charrsid2490398 distri}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid2490398 ct}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  is perhaps }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid3997922 Nordpech}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  1174 P[ipe Roll]}{\f0\fs24\highlight16\insrsid2184364\charrsid2184364 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
. The wapentake name is adapted from the name of the district'. Thus t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 he names 'High Peak}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
 and 'North Peak' are in origin those of areas, not of administrative units. This wapentake may have been granted after 1086 to William Peverel or }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 to }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 a des}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
cendant, for the name High Peak}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  recalls his castle (the 'castle of the High Peak') at Castleton (7,7) and the forest of the High }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 Peak that pertained to it. }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 In }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 the }{\i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Book of Fees}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , p. 288}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , it is said that }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 castrum de Alto Peccho est escaeta domini regis de }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 honour}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 e Wilelmi Peverell et comes de Ferariis illud habet cum tota foresta}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  ('the castle of High Peak is an escheat of the lord king from the honour of William Peverel and the Earl of Ferrers has it with the whole forest'). The name High Peak appears t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9315420 
o have been occasionally localiz}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 ed as t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 he name of Castle Hill in Castle}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 ton; see Anderson, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
English Hundred Names}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , pp. 32-33; }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Place-Names of Derbyshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , i. pp. 24-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 25. Certainly H}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 igh Pea}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 k Wapentake appears to have been}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  centred on Castleton, where many of the dues were paid; see }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , ii. pp. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 287-90. A later William Peverel}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
 forfeited the barony (including the wapentake), which then came into the king's hand. The queen }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 held it in her }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 hand}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 s}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  in 1316.
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 \tab "Walecros" beca}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 me the wapentake of Repton, alternatively the wapentake of Repton and Gresley, the latter name (from Castle Gresl
ey, SK2718) reflecting its division into half-wapentakes held respectively by the king and the Earl of Lancaster. Gresley is the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 medietas hundredi de Repindon' quae vocatur hundredum de Greseleg'}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  ('the half of the hundred of Repton which is called the hundred of Gresley') in }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , ii. p. 297; see }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Feudal Aids}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , i. p. 255; Anderson, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 English Hundred Names}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , p. 37.
\par \tab 'Morleystone' and Litchurch Wapentakes lying either side of the River Derwent and with Derby in their middle were increasingly regarded as a single whole; they are grouped together, held by the king, in 1316 (}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Feudal Aids}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , i. p. 255), but are separate in 1334 (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Lay Subsidy Roll (1334)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
, pp. 42-44).
\par \tab 'Scarsdale' Wapentake largely retained its name, but passed out of royal hands. It is, however, presumably the 'great wapentake' that in 1212 (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Book of Fees}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
, i. p. 152) was attached to Chesterfield manor and held by W}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 [}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 illiam}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ]}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid3997922 
Briwer}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid3997922 r'}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 . It was also sometimes known (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 for example in 1252 and 1306) simply as Chesterfield Wapentake: Anderson, }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 English Hundred Names}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , pp. 33-34;}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Place-Names of Derbyshire}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , ii. p. 187.
\par 
\par }{\f0\insrsid13134887\charrsid9576058 
\par }\trowd \irow0\irowband0\ts16\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trftsWidth1\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4428\clshdrawnil \cellx4320\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4428\clshdrawnil \cellx8748\pard\plain 
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid13134887\yts16 \f2\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\b\f0\insrsid9315420\charrsid9576058 Name or presumed n}{\b\f0\insrsid13134887\charrsid9576058 ame in 1086\cell 
Name in 1334 (Lay Subsidy Roll)\cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887\charrsid9576058 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\ts16\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv
\brdrs\brdrw10 \trftsWidth1\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4428\clshdrawnil \cellx4320\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4428\clshdrawnil \cellx8748\row }\pard\plain 
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid13134887\yts16 \f2\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\f0\insrsid13134887\charrsid9576058 'Appletree' 
\par }{\f0\insrsid9315420\charrsid9576058 Blackwell}{\f0\cf1\insrsid9315420\charrsid9576058 *}{\f0\insrsid13134887\charrsid9576058  
\par Hamston
\par }{\f0\insrsid13134887\charrsid14039442 Litchurch }{\f0\insrsid9514030\charrsid14039442 *}{\f0\insrsid9576058  }{\f0\insrsid13134887\charrsid9576058 
\par 'Morleystone' 
\par 'Scarsdale'
\par "Walecros"\cell 'Appletree'
\par High Peak
\par Wirksworth
\par Litchurch
\par 'Morleystone'
\par 'Scarsdale'
\par Repton and Gresley\cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13134887\charrsid9576058 
\trowd \irow1\irowband1\lastrow \ts16\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trftsWidth1\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4428\clshdrawnil \cellx4320\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4428\clshdrawnil \cellx8748\row }\pard\plain 
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13134887 \f2\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\f0\insrsid9315420\charrsid9576058 *}{\f0\insrsid13134887\charrsid9576058 
 Not named in Domesday Book
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid9576058 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid9315420\charrsid5464266 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 MANORIAL }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ORGANIZATION}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10037852 {\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 In 1086 Derbyshire had a considerable number of multiple estates, that is}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ,}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  estates with a central }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 caput}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  and a number of ou}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
lying members tied to it by tenure, dues and services.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  Derbyshire m}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 anors having m}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ore than two dependent outliers or jurisdictions}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  in 1086 are the royal estates of Newbold, Darley, Matlock Bridge, Wirksworth, Ashbourne, Parwich, Melbourne, Repton, Bakewell, Ashford-in-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 the-Water, Hope (1,1;11-15;19-24}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 ; }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 26}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11608062 ; 27}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 -}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 29);}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 the Bishop of Chester's manor of Sawley (2,1);}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  Burton Abbey's Mickle}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 over (3,1); Earl Hu}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
gh's Markeaton (4,1); Henry of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Ferrers'}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2184364\charrsid1909256 Scropton and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid1909256 Duffield (6,}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2184364\charrsid1909256 27;}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 66); and Ralph son of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Hubert's Crich and Hathersage }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 (10,11;17).}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid10037852 
\par \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 It may be that most of Derbyshire was once occupied by such multiple estates, the majority of them royal or comital or given by the kings or ealdormen to churches.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  
}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  In 1086 the north of the county was still dominated by these estates, many of them royal, while in the south there are many more smaller and independent estates.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 There are signs that in the latter area too there had once been a series of larger estates, but the process of booking, parcelling out and br
eaking up was further advanced. Domesday freezes a moment when some estates were at a more advanced stage of dissolution than others.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Thus }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
many of the dependencies of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Melbourne (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 1,19) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 had been spl}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 it between the king and Henry of}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  Ferrers. It is likely that 
in some cases where the jurisdiction of one estate is said to lie in another, this reveals a former tenurial tie and a network of these may point to a dissolved or dissolving estate. Repton (1,20) was still an important royal manor in 108}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 6, but had probably once been}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
 even larger. At an earlier stage in its history, land in Wirksworth had seemingly once belonged to it; see 1,13 Wirksworth note. Ashbourne (1,14) was in 1086 a royal multiple estate with six outliers. Parwich (1,15) with three outliers lay in A
shbourne Ancien}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6230017 t Parish as did Kniveton (4,2),}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  Newton Grange (6,8), Yeldersley (6,45), Sturston (6,56), Hulland }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 9,3
}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  and Clifton (10,24). Moreover}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14816380 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  the Ancient Parish of Bradbourne was much interlaced with t}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 hat of Ashbourne and, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 apart from Bradbourne itself (6,6), }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 it contained }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
Brassington (6,5), Tissington (6,7), Atlow (6,13) and Ballidon (10,22). It may well be that }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 all }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
these places together represent the ancient multiple estate of Ashbourne, which will have dominated the area north-west of Derby. Significantly, the wapentake boundary cut through the lands of Ashbourne, placing the majority in Hamston Wapentake,}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  but some parts in 'Appletree' W}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 apentake. This is an in}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 dication that the wapentakes were imposed on }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 existing unit}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 . 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13134887 {\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 \tab Even in
 Blackwell Wapentake where the multiple estates had not been subject to so much fission, it seems likely that the 60 }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 manentes}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  at Hope and Ashford}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 [-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 in-the Water] granted in 926 by King Athelstan to Uhtred (1,28 Ashford note) had contained more than the Domesday estates of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
Bakewell, Ashford-in-the-Water and Hope }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 and their dependencies}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
(1,27-29) and that neighbouring estates, that were in others' hands in 1086, had o}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14816380 nce belonged to them; see Roffe,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  'Origins of Derb}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 yshire', pp. 120-21 note 74
}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14816380 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  and on the estate structure of Der}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14816380 byshire as a whole, see Roffe,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  'Introduction', }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
Derbyshire Domesday}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , pp. 8-14. 
\par \tab Before wapentakes were created in the latter half of the tenth century, responsibility for taxation and justice will probably have been vested in the major est
ates of the shire, most of them royal. Even in 1086 there were important royal estates in every part of Derbyshire (apart from in 'Appletree' Wapentake), and some of these were no doubt the central places of an earlier administration. In addition to these
, there may have been a multiple estate at }{\i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Northuuorthige}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  which was represented in 1086 by Derby itself; see B1 Derby note. 
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
\par 
\par ECCLESIASTICAL }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ORGANIZATION}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Diuma, one of the monks whom Peada, son of King Penda of Mercia, brought back with him from Northumberland after his conversion there }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9576058 to Christianity, became}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid9059691 Bishop}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  of the Mercians, the Middle Angles and the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Lindisfari}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid15955750 (the people of Lindsey)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15759293  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9576058 c}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9576058 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15759293\charrsid9065994 656}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9576058 -}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9576058 c}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9576058 . 658}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9059691 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 Like many early bishops, he was itinerant and had yet to establish a seat. }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 He was succeeded by }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 Ceollach (658-659), Trumhere (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid15955750 c}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15759293  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 659-}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid15955750 c}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 . 66}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5570785 2) and by Jaruman (662-667). This }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16453436\charrsid5570785 information and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5570785 
sequence is given in Bede, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5570785 Ecclesiastical History}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5570785 , iii. 21}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5570785\charrsid5570785  (Colgrave and Mynors}{\f0\fs24\insrsid97721\charrsid5570785 ,}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5570785  pp. 278-81}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5570785\charrsid5570785 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5570785 ; the dates are from the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5570785 Handbook of British Chronology}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5570785 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9065994\charrsid5570785  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5570785 Jaruman's successor Ceadda (St Chad) established his seat at Lichfield}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9576058\charrsid5570785 
 in Staffordshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5570785  (Bede}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15759293\charrsid5570785 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5570785  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5570785 Ecclesiastical History}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5570785 , iv.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15759293\charrsid5570785  3}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5570785\charrsid5570785 : Colgrave and Mynors}{\f0\fs24\insrsid97721\charrsid5570785 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15759293\charrsid5570785 
 pp. 326-27) and was succee}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5570785 ded by Wynfrith (?675) and Seaxwulf (675-691). T}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 his last was Bishop of the Mercians
 only, for a separate Bishop of Lindsey (Eadhaeth) was appointed in 678 and one for the Middle Angles (Cuthwine), based at Leicester in 679.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 T}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
he sees }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 of Leicester and Lichfield }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 were held jointly between 691 and 737. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
\par \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 The see of Lichfield will have lost its north-eastern part at the coming of the Danes in the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 late-ninth}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
 century, and only begun to recover it after the English re-conquest in the early years of the tenth century; see \{Introduction: History\}. The see was transferred by Bishop Peter to Chester i
n 1075 (the diocesan bishop being so styled in Domesday) and thence to Coventry by Bishop Robert of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid9059691 Lim\'e9sy}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  in 1102.
\par \tab Although Derbyshi}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 re lay within the diocese of Li}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 chfield, later of Chester, the see of Lincol
n had important jurisdictions within it from the late eleventh century. Thus the dean of Lincoln was also dean of the collegiate chu}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13777367 rch of All Saints, Derby (B1 church}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
 note) and had interests in or the patronage of the churches of Chesterfield, Wirksworth, Ashbourne, Matlock, Brampton, Kirk Ireton, Whittington, Wingerworth, Darley, Thorpe and Fenny Bentley among others; see }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
VCH Derbyshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , ii}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 pp. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 3, 88.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16453436 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 \tab 
The earliest and most important religious house in what became Derbyshire was at Repton. It was reputed
ly founded by St David in 601 but was certainly in existence by 697 when St Guthlac was tonsured there. It was apparently for monks and nuns and probably well endowed. The }{\fs24\insrsid13134887 abbey}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
 did not survive the Danish attacks. There w}{\fs24\insrsid13134887 as thus no continuity with the p}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 riory of Augustine canons founded here }{\i\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5901098 c}{
\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 . 1153; see }{\i\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 VCH Derbyshire}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , ii}{\fs24\insrsid13134887 .}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  }{\fs24\insrsid13134887 pp.}{
\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 1, 58; Knowles and Hadcock, }{\i\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Medieval Religious Houses}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , p. 480.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13134887 {\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 \tab Bakewell was one of the }{\i\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 burh}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid11997057 s }{
\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 established by King Edward the Elder in 920 as part of his routing of the Danish armies. Subsequently (in 949) land was acquired here by Uhtred from King Eadred for the endowment of a monastery (}{
\i\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 coenubium}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 ): }{\i\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Early Charters of Northern England}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , pp. 105-106}{\fs24\insrsid13134887  }{
\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 no. 104 }{\fs24\insrsid13134887 (}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 = Sawyer, }{\i\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , no. 549 = }{
\i\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Charters of Burton Abbey}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887 , pp. 14-15 }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 no. 9}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887 )}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
. It is not certain how long this monastery survived, although there was an important (probably collegiate) church in Bakewell in 1086 (1,27 church note}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid9059691 )}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 . 
\par \tab There is no firm evidence of other churches in Derbyshire (apart from six in Derby itself)}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887  before Domesday, and the Survey}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  itself is }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887 everywhere }{
\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 notoriously deficient}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887  on this subject}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 . However}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887 ,}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
 the dedications of certain churches suggest that they were }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887 pre-Conquest}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 : St Chad was honoured at Barton Blount, Longford and Wilne; St Werburgh at Blackwell,
 Derby and Spondon; St Alkmund at Derby and Duffield; St Wilfrid at Barrow, Egginton and West Hallam; St Wystan at Repton; St Oswald at Ashbourne; St Cuthbert at Doveridge; see }{\i\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 VCH Derbyshire}{
\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , i}{\fs24\insrsid13134887 i. p}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 . 2.
\par \tab There is considerable evidence to suggest that befor
e the establishment of manorial churches (from the eleventh century) the gospel was spread and souls cared for by secular priests living in communities which are often called secular colleges or minster churches. Evidence from other counties suggests a st
rong link between the administrative centre (usually a royal manor) and the ecclesiastical centre (a minster church). These churche}{\fs24\insrsid1133542 s are not specifically categoriz}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
ed by Domesday, but can often be identified because they have more than one priest, or appurtenant land. Churches that seem to fall into this category are the two royal establishments in Derby}{\fs24\insrsid13134887  (B1)}{
\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , probably All Saints }{\fs24\insrsid13134887 and St Alkmund,}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  with 7 clergy and named land and 6 clergy and named land}{\fs24\insrsid13134887  respectively}{
\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 ; Ashbourne (1,14) with a priest, a church and 1 carucate; Repton (1,20) with a church and 2 priests and 1 plough;}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
Bakewell (1,27) with a church}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{\fs24\insrsid13134887 to which belonged 3 carucates }{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 and}{\fs24\insrsid13134887  two priests to whom were subject}{
\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  2 villagers and}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 5 smallholders with 11 ploughs}{\fs24\insrsid13134887 ; also }{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
Hope (1,29) with a priest, a church and 1 carucate. On this}{\fs24\insrsid13134887 ,}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  see Blair, 'Secular Minster Churches'}{\fs24\insrsid13134887 
, pp. 108-109, and, for the connection of these places with royal administratio}{\fs24\insrsid8206935 n, see \{Introduction: Links to Royal M}{\fs24\insrsid13134887 anors\}.}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
\par \tab There was no important land-holding abbey in Derbyshire in 1066 or in
 1086, though Burton Abbey, nearby in Staffordshire, had a number of possessions and had originally held more lands. As in the adjacent Nottinghamshire and Leicestershire, the abbeys and priories that dominated the medieval ecclesiastical lan}{
\fs24\insrsid13134887 dscape date from after Domesday.}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  The Benedictine nunnery of St Mary de Pratis (also known as Kingsmead Priory) was established }{\i\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5901098 c}{
\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 . 1160 just west of Derby. In Derby i}{\fs24\insrsid13134887 tself, the Cluniac priory of St}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  James had been established in the pre-existing church of St James by 1140
 (the year of its confirmation by King Stephen), by gift of Waltheof son of Sweyn. It was given to the monks of Bermondsey (Surrey) who were themselves dependent on La Charit\'e9-sur-Loire in France. 
\par \tab Darley Abbey for Augustinian canons was }{\fs24\insrsid13134887 '}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 founded}{\fs24\insrsid13134887 '}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  }{\i\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5901098 c}{
\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 . 1146
 by Robert of Ferrers, the second Earl of Derby, in Little Darley one-mile north of the borough on the banks of the River Derwent. He facilitated the move there of an oratory founded in 1137 by a burgess of Derby in honour of St Helen, which had been esta
blished just outside the borough walls on the north-west side near the church of St Alkmund. William of Gresley, the son of the Domesday holder Nigel of Stafford}{\fs24\insrsid1133542 ,}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
 established the priory of Gresley in the time of }{\fs24\insrsid1133542 King }{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Henry I or }{\fs24\insrsid1133542 King }{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Stephen near his castle of Gresley}{\fs24\insrsid13134887 
 (DBY 14 Nigel note)}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 . Th}{\fs24\insrsid13134887 er}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 e was another priory founded for Augustinian canons at}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{
\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Breadsall before 1266.
\par \tab The Abbey of Beauchief for Premonstratensian canons was founded near Norton }{\i\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 c}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 . 1175 by Robert son of Ranulph, lord of
 Alfreton and Norton. The Abbey of Dale began as a hermitage in the time of King Stephen then grew into a cell for a prior and four canons before becoming a Premonstratensian }{\fs24\insrsid13134887 abbey}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 .}{
\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 On all this}{\fs24\insrsid13134887 ,}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  see }{\i\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 VCH Derbyshire}{
\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , i}{\fs24\insrsid13134887 i. pp. }{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 43-69; Knowles and Hadcock, }{\i\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Medieval Religious Houses}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
, pp. 96, 99, 138-140, 149, 154- 156, 184, 186, 253, 258, 480. On Darley Abbey}{\fs24\insrsid13134887 ,}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  see }{\fs24\insrsid9576058 the }{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid9576058 Darley Cartulary}{
\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 ; on Dale Abbey, see Saltman, }{\fs24\insrsid13134887 '}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Dale Abbey}{\fs24\insrsid13134887 '}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 .
\par 
\par }{\fs24\insrsid13134887 There was co}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 incidence between the wapentakes and the rural deaneries. Blackwell Wapentake}{\fs24\insrsid1133542 ,}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  later known as High Peak}{
\fs24\insrsid1133542 ,}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  corresponded to the rural deanery of High Peak; 'Scarsdale' Wapentake to that of Chesterfield; Hamston Wapentake to that of Ashbourne; 'Appletree' to that of }{
\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid4547615 Castillar}{\fs24\insrsid13134887 ;}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  'Morleystone' and Litchurch Wapentakes to that of Derby}{\fs24\insrsid13134887 ;}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  
and "Walecros" Wapentake (later known as Repton) to that of Repton; see }{\i\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 VCH Derbyshire}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , ii. map facing page 40.
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13134887 \f2\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
\par 
\par THE DOMESDAY FORMAT
\par Circuit}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid15553645  and Ruling Pattern}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5723112 It is generally agreed that Derbyshire was part of circuit VI, whic}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5123639 h also included }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7935346 Huntingdonshire, Lincolnshire, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5123639 Nottinghamshire (with}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5723112  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7935346 'Roteland') and}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5123639  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5723112 Yorkshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15934717 . These }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5723112 counties have a common layout and content: \{
Introduction: Layout and Content\}. Circuit VI was also the circuit with the most corrections and additions and this}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7935346 , together with }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12738811 the evidence of the ruling patterns used and }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5723112 other }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12738811 aspects}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7935346 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12738811  have led to the assumption that it was the first circuit to have been written by the main scribe of Great Domesday: }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9721264 Thorn }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9721264\charrsid11033180 and Thorn}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9721264 , 'The Writing of Great Domesday Book', p. 42; Roffe, 'Domesday Book and Northern Society: a reassessment'; and Thorn}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9721264\charrsid11033180 , Thorn}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9721264  and Gullick}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5785844 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9721264  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9721264 The Scribal History of Great Domesday Book}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9721264 
 (forthcoming). The order in which t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5785844 he counties in this circuit was}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9721264  written}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12799333  is almost certainly Yorkshire, followed by Lincolnshire (whi
ch shares a quire with it), then Nottinghamshire with the section entitled }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8916223\charrsid8916223 'Roteland'}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15805284  at its}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12799333 
 end, Derbyshire and finally Huntingdonshire. This is not the order in which these }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5785844 counties were foliated and bound:}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16453436  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5785844 Derbyshire precedes}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12799333 
 Nottinghamshire, but}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5785844  is}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12799333  still closely linked to it through their shared sheriff and shire customs. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9721264  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5723112   }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5723112\charrsid5723112 

\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid12799333 \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9917860 The quire containing }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12799333 Derbyshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9917860  was}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11033180  ruled with ruling pattern 1, that is, a set of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15805284  eight
}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11033180  vertical }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7628881 score-lines (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5785844 forming four '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11033180 tramlines}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5785844 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7628881 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11033180 
 delimiting each of the two c}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11033180\charrsid16728659 olumns and forty-four lines ruled horizontally to accommodate the text.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16728659\charrsid16728659 
 The use of tramlines may have been connected with the decision to include within them the marginal letters giving the status of the adjacent holding: }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16728659\charrsid16728659 M}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16728659\charrsid16728659 [}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16728659\charrsid16728659 anerium}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16728659\charrsid16728659 ], }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16728659\charrsid16728659 B}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16728659\charrsid16728659 [}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16728659\charrsid16728659 er}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16728659 e}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16728659\charrsid16728659 wica}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16728659\charrsid16728659 ] or }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16728659\charrsid16728659 S}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16728659\charrsid16728659 [}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16728659\charrsid16728659 oca}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16728659\charrsid16728659 ] ('manor', 'outlier' or 'Jurisdiction').}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11033180  All of circuit VI (with the exception of the second quire of Yorkshir}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16728659 e and the quire containing }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11033180 the Yorkshire and Lincolnshire }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid11033180 Clamores}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16728659  and the Yorkshire Summ}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16728659\charrsid16728659 
ary, folios 307-314, 373-382 respectively}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11033180 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15805284  was written using ruling pattern 1, as were}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13699012  circuit III (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16728659 Bedfordshire, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13699012 
Buckinghamshire, Cambridgeshire, Hertfordshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16728659  and Middlesex,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13699012 ) and the second quire of Kent}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13526330 ; circuit III was probably the next circuit to be written up}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13699012 . However, because template B was used to prick the guide holes at the fore-edge of each folio in Derbyshire, Nottinghamshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16728659  (except for the inserted half-sheet, folio 282)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13699012 
, Huntingdonshire and all of circuit III except for Hertfordshire, ruling pattern}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13526330  1}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13699012  has been divided into 1a and 1b; on }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13526330 the variou
s ruling patterns used in Great Domesday, see \{Ruling Patterns\}.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11033180   }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12799333  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid12799333 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid12784513\charrsid13526330 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Layout}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid12799333  and Content}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  of Entries
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13526330 The whole of circuit VI, of which Derbyshire was part (\{Introduction: Circuit and Ruling Pattern\}), was laid out with little regard for the amount of parchment being used: the scribe }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4730920 
left large spaces between fiefs and even between entries in the first folios of Yorkshire, began a new column (occasionally a new folio) for each major tenant-in-chief an
d wrote larger than he did later on. By the time he had written the first three counties and used eleven quires, he had decided, or been told, to be more circumspect, because}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9699724  in}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4730920  Derbyshire, while s}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1340 till leaving}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9699724  spaces}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1340  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9699724 after }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4730920 most all its fiefs (DBY }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9699724 5}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12145929\charrsid1728572 ,5}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9699724  after note)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4730920 , including over a column after chapter 5}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9699724  (DBY 7,13 entry note), he was less lavish. A smaller county}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7348781  (in terms of the size of the holdings) 
}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9699724 than the t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1340 hree previously-written ones, Derbyshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9699724  could also be accommodated in one quire.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1340  The scribe did, h
owever, leave spaces between entries in a few fiefs}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3108697 , which might sometimes }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1340 have been for the later inclusion of a wapentake head and sometimes apparently after the description of a multiple estate; see DBY}
{\f0\fs24\insrsid16453436  6,65 'M}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16453436\charrsid1728572 o}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3108697 rleystone' note and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1340 1,13 space note}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3108697  respectively, but compare 7,6 entry note}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1340 . }
{\f0\fs24\insrsid3108697 On the extreme lack of wapentake heads in this county, see \{Introduction: Wapentake Heads\} and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13135772 \{Introduction: Identifying and Reconstructing the Wapentakes\}}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3108697 
. For the use put to the spaces left at the end of fiefs, see \{Introduction: Writing and Correction\}.
\par \tab Although}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15553645  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3108697 the deta}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10628525 ils of the borough of Derby and of the customs that the county shared with Nottinghamshire }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15553645 were written }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid10628525 on folio 280b,c of the first Nottinghamshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11031459  quire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10628525 , }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15553645 t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10628525 he}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11031459  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15553645 scribe}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11031459  left blank most of the first column of Derbyshire (folio 272a), writing the List of Landholders on the last ten ruled lines. The reason for this is unclear, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid210138 
unless, as happened in some counties, he had also left space at the beginning of Nottinghamshire for its borough and shire customs and then}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13971031  decided to include the borough of Derby with }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7348781 them; see B1 D}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3567980\charrsid7348781 erby note.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid210138  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11031459  On the note at the top of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7291396 this column written in the six}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11031459 teenth century b}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11031459\charrsid14039442 y A}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7291396\charrsid14039442 rthur Agarde}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11031459\charrsid14039442 , instructing the reader where to find the details of Derby, see }{
\f0\fs24\highlight7\insrsid7291396\charrsid14039442 DBY top}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7291396 
 note. The scribe then began the account of the Land of the King at the top of folio 272b, followed by the accounts of the ecclesiastical tenants, Earl Hugh and Roger of Poitou, before beginning the Land of Henry }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13971031 of }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid7291396 Ferrers, the largest and most important of the Derbyshire lay tenants, at the top of folio 274a. The accounts of the lesser lay tenants occupy folios 276b to 278b and the county finishes with the Land of the King's Thanes. This }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2163614 order of fiefs }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7291396 is common to almost all the counties of Great Domesday.
\par \tab 
In common also with a large part of Great Domesday and certainly with the rest of circuit VI, the arrangement of the entries within each fief was by wapentake in Derbyshire, despite the lack of wapentake heads, the places in each wapentake almost alway
s being entered together in discrete groups}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12285464 , though the late addition of material and a few other factors disrupt this pattern occasionally.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7291396  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12285464  T}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7291396 
here is}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12285464  also}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7291396  some evidence}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2163614  in Domesday Derbyshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12285464  that the scribe wrote these groups of places in a standard order of wapentakes}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2163614 , as he also did}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12285464  in some}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2163614  other}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12285464  counties. This arrangement is discussed in detail in the first note for each fief; see also \{
Introduction: Standard Order of Wapentakes\}.
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3108697 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12285464 In Derbyshire the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13326909  majority of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12285464  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2163614 manorial }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12285464 entries are laid out thus: 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6512263 \tab In }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6512263 A}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6512263  (the place-name) }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6512263\charrsid6512263 B}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6512263  (the holder in 1066) had }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6512263 c}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6512263  (carucates or bo}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2163614 vates or carucates and bovates)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6512263  taxable. Land for }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6512263 d}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6512263  ploughs. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6170335 Now in lordship}{
\f0\fs24\super\insrsid6170335\charrsid15490907 \'86}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6170335  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5132469 e}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5132469  ploughs. }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5132469 f }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5132469 villagers and }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5132469 g}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5132469  smallholders}{\f0\fs24\super\insrsid5132469\charrsid15490907 \'87}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5132469  have }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5132469 h}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5132469  ploughs. Resources, including mills }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15874152 
(almost all with }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15225111 a render in shi}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2163614 llings and pence}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15874152 , though with eels as well in 6,30}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2163614 ) and/or a mill-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15225111 site, }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5132469 meadow}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13326909  (measured in acres)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5132469 , }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15738329 woodland (mostly described as }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5132469 pastu}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15738329 rable woodland and underwood}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11500611  and with two linear dimensions }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15225111\charrsid15738329 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6170335 . Value 'before 1066' and 'now', both in \'a3 s d. }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6170335 C}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6170335 
 (the subtenant) holds it.}{\f0\fs24\super\insrsid2163614\charrsid15490907 *}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6170335 
\par 
\par }{\f0\insrsid6170335\charrsid1843133 \'86 }{\f0\insrsid15490907  }{\f0\insrsid6170335\charrsid1843133 Occasionally the tenant-in-chief is mentioned as having }{\i\f0\insrsid6170335\charrsid1843133 e }{\f0\insrsid6170335\charrsid1843133 ploughs in lordship
}{\f0\insrsid2163614\charrsid1843133 .}{\f0\insrsid6170335\charrsid1843133  
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16471025 {\f0\insrsid15490907 
\par }{\f0\insrsid6170335\charrsid1843133 \'87  }{\f0\insrsid16471025 Also recorded are }{\f0\insrsid16471025\charrsid1843133 Freemen}{\f0\insrsid16471025  (usually with ploughs or sharing in them, but once their land is mentioned: 13,1)}{
\f0\insrsid16471025\charrsid1843133 , priests (almost always with a church)}{\f0\insrsid16471025 , tributaries (see 1,37 tributaries note)}{\f0\insrsid16471025\charrsid1843133  and, once, a mill-keeper}{\f0\insrsid16471025  and a smith}{
\f0\insrsid16471025\charrsid1843133 . }{\f0\insrsid16471025 Burgesses are only mentioned in the section on the borough of Derby.  Men-at-arms are noted in 1,27. 6,27;70. 9,1. 11,3.}{\f0\insrsid16471025\charrsid1843133  
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13134887 {\f0\insrsid15490907 
\par }{\f0\insrsid2163614\charrsid1843133 *}{\f0\insrsid15490907  }{\f0\insrsid6170335\charrsid1843133  Occasionally, as in 8,1. 12,1 (and}{\f0\insrsid15490907  probably 12,3-4) the tenant-in-}{\f0\insrsid6170335\charrsid1843133 
chief occupies this position. When the subtenant has the same Christian name as the tenant-in-chief it is not always clear which is intended; see }{\f0\insrsid12657074\charrsid1843133  9,6 Geoffrey note, 10,10 Ralph note, 11,2 Ralph note}{
\f0\insrsid2163614\charrsid1843133 ,}{\f0\insrsid12657074\charrsid1843133  and compare }{\f0\insrsid6170335\charrsid1843133 6,5}{\f0\insrsid12657074\charrsid1843133 7 Henry note.}{\f0\insrsid988551\charrsid1843133  }{\f0\insrsid354184   }{
\f0\insrsid11033925\charrsid1843133 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11033925 
\par There}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6170335  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11033925 are only three mentions of pasture, as distinct from pasturable woodland; see 1,37 pasture note. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3702211 Fifty or so holdings are recorded as w}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11033925 aste}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3702211  in 1086, but for almost half of them a value for 1086 is given (including a render of 2 spurs for a bovate in Breaston: 9,5) and several of these had some resources (see}{\f0\fs24\insrsid272072 , for example,}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3702211  Ashbourne: 1,15) so they were only partly waste; see }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3702211 Domesday Geography of Northern England}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3702211 , pp. 313-19. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid543162 Lead mines are recorded in four entries}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5989794 : 1,12;27-28 (all multiple estates) and 10,11. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11500611 Fisheries are mentioned in 1,37. 2,1.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13173014  4,1 and B9, and a ferry in Weston-on-Trent which rendered 19s 4d (1,37) }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid354184 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6765319 \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13326909 There are virtually none of the interesting 'extras' that in several counties in Great Domesday a
re mentioned after the value statement and (in the case of Derbyshire) after the 1086 subtenant or tenant-in-chief.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6765319 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13326909 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid354184 The layout of the eighteen}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13326909  multiple estates}{\f0\fs24\insrsid354184  (see \{Introduction: Manorial Organization\}}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13326909  is different in that the names of the outliers are r
ecorded either after the place-name, as in 1,1}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11344051 ;28-29}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3815237 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3091729  2,1}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3815237  and 6,66}{\f0\fs24\insrsid354184 : }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13326909 Newbold}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11344051 , Ashford, Hope}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3815237 , }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3091729 Saw}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3091729\charrsid354184 ley}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3815237\charrsid354184  and Duffield }{\f0\fs24\insrsid988551\charrsid354184 (}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3815237\charrsid354184 assuming }{\f0\fs24\insrsid988551\charrsid354184 that, in the case of Duffield, the names are those of outliers}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13326909\charrsid354184 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13326909 , or }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5989794 
after the tax assessment, as in 1,11 (Darley), or }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13326909 at the end of the entry, as in 1,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5989794 12-15;}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13326909 27 (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5989794 Matlock Bridge, Wirksworth, Ashbourne, Parwich, }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13326909 Bakewell)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid543162 , or after the plough estimate, as in 3,1}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11344051  and 10,17}{\f0\fs24\insrsid543162  (Mickleover}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11344051  and Hathersage}{\f0\fs24\insrsid543162 
), or as a separate entry, as in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13842372 1,24 and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid543162 4,2 (the outliers of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13842372  Repton and}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8548146  Markeaton). Where there are J}{\f0\fs24\insrsid543162 urisdictions (sokeland
}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14039123 s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid543162 ) these are recorded}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14039123  either}{\f0\fs24\insrsid543162  as separate entries, as }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5779343 are those of Newbold, Repton,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2634481  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8157743 Sawley, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2634481 Eckington}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11344051 , Crich}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14039123 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid68451  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13842372 or at the end of the entry, as in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11344051 
Melbourne (1,19) and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13842372 Mickleover}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2634481 , or elsewhere within the entry, as in 13,1 (Ilkeston)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8548146 . Sometimes the account of a J}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11344051 urisdiction}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5779343  or outlier}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11344051  appears totally separated from its }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid11344051 caput}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11344051 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8548146  as with the J}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5779343 urisdiction of Repton in}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1583071  Ticknall}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5779343  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1583071 (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5779343 14,6}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1583071 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5779343  and the outlier of Pent}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5779343\charrsid16471025 
rich in 10,15; see also 9,5 jurisdiction note}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1583071\charrsid16471025  (on Breaston)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5779343\charrsid16471025  and 10,26 Barrow note. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13177049\charrsid16471025 
In the case of the last two, they lay in a different wapentake to that of their }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13177049\charrsid16471025 caput }{\f0\fs24\insrsid354184\charrsid16471025 and the main scribe of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13177049\charrsid16471025 
 Great Domesday or }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1583071\charrsid16471025 his }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13177049\charrsid16471025 predecessors who compiled t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid354184\charrsid16471025 he putative circuit volume would}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13177049\charrsid16471025 
 have failed to bring together all the parts of a manor from a schedule that was arranged by wapentakes and vil}{\f0\fs24\insrsid354184\charrsid16471025 l}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13177049\charrsid16471025 
ages. In the case of Ticknall, the estate may have been alienated from its manor (Repton); see 14,6 Repton note. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1583071\charrsid16471025 The }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3567980\charrsid16471025 possible }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1583071\charrsid16471025 
reason for the outlier of Pentrich (10,15) being separate from Pentrich is d}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16471025\charrsid16471025 iscussed in 10,15 outlier note.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5779343  
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8157743 {\f0\fs24\insrsid5779343 \tab There were also outliers of ordinary estates and these were generally included after the place-name of their }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5779343 caput}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5779343 , as in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3091729 1,9;16;18}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8157743  etc. As with the other counties in circuit VI the scribe indicated the status of most entries in Derbyshire with the letters }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8157743 M}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8548146 [}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8157743 anerium}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8548146 ]}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8157743 , }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8157743 B}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8548146 [}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8157743 erewica}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8548146 ]}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8157743  and }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8157743 S}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8548146 [}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8157743 oca}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8548146 ]}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8157743  in the margin next to the first line of the entry.}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9988789  Where an entry contained both a manor and an }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9988789\charrsid14710045 outlier, he }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15758447\charrsid14710045 generally }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9988789\charrsid14710045 wrote }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9988789\charrsid14710045 M}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8548146 '}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9988789\charrsid14710045  7 B}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8548146 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9988789\charrsid14710045 , the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9988789\charrsid14710045 M}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8548146 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9988789\charrsid14710045  above the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9988789\charrsid14710045 B}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8548146 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15758447\charrsid14710045 , but sometimes it seems }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13177049\charrsid14710045 that }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15758447\charrsid14710045 he omitted the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15758447\charrsid14710045 B}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8548146 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15758447\charrsid14710045  (as in 6,50}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3815237\charrsid14710045 ;59-60}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14710045 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13177049\charrsid14710045  unless these are single manors named with mo}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14710045\charrsid14710045 re }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14710045\charrsid16471025 
than one distinct se}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16471025 ttlement}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13177049\charrsid16471025  of equal status in the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16471025 m, what might be termed 'joint }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13177049\charrsid16471025 manors'}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14710045\charrsid16471025 ),}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3815237\charrsid16471025  and}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14710045\charrsid16471025  see 6,66 Duffield note}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3815237 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15758447  If}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8157743 
 the manor was a combination of two or more estates in 1066 he }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3815237 often }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8157743 wrote the figures above the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8157743 M}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8548146 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8157743 
, as for example in 6,2 where Henry of Ferrers' manor of Winster had been held }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8157743 T.R.E.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8157743  by Leofing and Raven, and in 6,34 where his manor of Barton }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10224598 [}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8157743 
Blount}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10224598 ]}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8157743  was the amalgamation of the holdings of eight men in 1066. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10224598 Sometimes }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9988789 figures were written above the marginal }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9988789 B}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8548146 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9988789 , as in 1,11 where Darley has three outliers. Occasionally the scribe was unsure of the status of a holding and did not include a }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9988789\charrsid14710045 marginal letter, as in }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid10970539\charrsid14710045 6,81 (Thulston)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8157743\charrsid14710045  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15758447\charrsid14710045 and the unidentified "Werredune" (10,27)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14039123 , though he failed to write }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14039123 M}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8548146 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14039123  beside the account of Sutton Scarsdale (5,1)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15758447 . Where two places are mentioned in an entry and they had been held}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3815237 
 by more than one person}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15758447  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15758447 T.R.E.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15758447 , but there is no figure above the marginal }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15758447\charrsid15758447 M}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8548146 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15758447 , }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15758447\charrsid15758447 it}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15758447  is not always clear whether this was a manor known by two names or whether the scribe had accidentally omitted a marginal }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15758447 B}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8548146 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15758447  below the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15758447 M}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8548146 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15758447 , as in}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3815237  6,94 (Burnaston and Bearwardcote, which had be}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14710045 en held by five people in 1066)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3815237 . Certainly in some of the entries containing two place-names which have only an }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3815237 M}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8548146 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3815237 
 written beside them, it is likely that the second name }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7016622 is }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7016622\charrsid6858 that}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7016622  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3815237 of a member }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8548146 (an outlier or a J}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid7016622\charrsid6858 urisdiction)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7016622  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6858 of the first}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3815237 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13526330\charrsid3815237 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13134887 {\f0\fs24\insrsid13526330 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12784513 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13526330 Writing and Correction}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13526330\charrsid13526330 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2510232 The }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2510232\charrsid2510232 main scribe of Great Domesday}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2510232  wrote the account of Derbyshire in one regular quire of four }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4859033 full }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2510232 
sheets (or }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9917860 bifolia), that is eight folios (folios 272-279). He did not need to add any half-sheets}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7628881 , a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14050473 s he did in some other counties; in fact, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9917860 
he finished the text on folio 278d, thus the last folio (folio 279) is blank. Circuit VI, of which Derbyshire was part, had the most correction and addition of all the circuits. This may }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14050473 have }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9917860 be}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14050473 en}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9917860  because the putative circuit volume was particularly poor}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1968156 ly-arranged}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9917860 
 or defective or there might even not have been one, the scribe assembling and editing the material for each county}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14050473  in this circuit}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9917860  from a variety of sources. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13910019 
As this was almost certainly the first circuit to be written up by him, he probably encountered problems that needed to be }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14050473 re}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13910019 solved, such as whe}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4859033 
re to include the outliers and J}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13910019 urisdictions of manors, whether to detail their assessment and resources separately, and so on. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3481179 The result of all this was that}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1789809 
 not only did he interline material briefly omitted while writing the account, but that the che}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9917860 cks made by }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1789809 him afterwards }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9917860 of his source(s) produced a large number of }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1789809 corrections and additions}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1968156 , though less than in the first three counties in this circuit when the size of each is taken into account}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4489030 . Two}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1789809 
 entries that he had omitted were then entered }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14050473 in the foot margins }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4489030 in separate campaigns }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1789809 (see 3,7 entry note and 10,12 entry note)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4489030  and }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1968156 several smaller items added or corrected}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1789809  before the county folios were rubricated by him}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4343458 , but}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1789809  most of the added entr}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4343458 
ies were done after rubrication}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14050473 , }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1408093 making use in eight cases of the spaces that he had originally left at the ends of fiefs (6,100-101. 16,3-8)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4343458 . All but one or two of the
se unrubricated entries were written in one campaign, using a distinctive pen and an ink that was paler than that of the surrounding text, and probably at the same time as both unrubricated added entries in Bedfordshire (BDF 24,11. 53,22) and one of those
 in Northamptonshire (NTH 57,3); the entries in Shropshire that were added after rubrication may well also have been done then (see SHR 3c,14 entry note). }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3300098 Other smaller corrections and additions were made during this }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4489030 large }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3300098 campaign. Normally campaigns of addition were limited to one county}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1408093  or circuit, but this one covered}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3300098 
 no less than four circuits (circuits III, IV, V and VI), suggesting }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4489030 that the scrib}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4343458 e amassed a quantity of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3300098 material before entering it in one stint.
\par \tab Scribe B also was involved in the checking process, producing }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4859033 eigh}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6126448 teen corrections and additions; see 1,12 Bonsall note.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1968156 
 The work of no other scribe has been identified in Derbyshire.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13526330 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2510232 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12784513 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Wapentake Heads
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 There are so few wapentake heads in the text (five) that it is clear that }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 many }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
heads have been omitted. This is borne out by the absence of wapentake heads above the first entries of fourteen of the seventeen chapters (where wapentake heads are expected). There are other grounds for believing that a far larger total (nearly 50) need
 to be restored to the text; see }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13135772 \{Introduction: Identifying and Reconstructing the Wapentakes\}}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 .}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid12784513\charrsid5464266 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Standard Order of Wapentakes 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 In most counties}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12285464  in Great Domesday}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , depending on the format adopted within individual chapters, places that belonged to one hund
red or wapentake are entered as a block, before a group belonging to some other hundred or wapentake. Moreover, in many counties the hundreds or wapentakes themselves are entered in a standard order in each fief. Such a consistent order is not found in ev
ery fief in Derbyshire. However, it is evident that}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  places in 'Scarsdale' Wapentake }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14383156 we}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
re entered first in whatever fief in which they occur, except in chapter 16 where }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14312321 they were added at a late stage after the county had been rubricated (16,3 entry note).}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Other patterns are visible, although no fief contains every wapentake.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
Chapters 4, 5, 8, 12, 13, 14, 15 contain lands in a single wapentake, but in the other chapters, if a number is allocated to each wapentake (1 'Scarsdale', 2 Hamston, 3 "Walecros", 4 'Ap}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 p}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 letree', 5 'Morleystone', 6 Blackwell, 7 Litchurch), the following pattern occurs (bracketed figures relate to late entries or other dislocations}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
 and are included only when they disrupt the sequence of wapentakes}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 ):
\par \tab Chapter 1: 1. 2. 3. 6. 5. 1. (7)
\par \tab Chapter 2: 5. 4.
\par \tab Chapter 3: 7. 3.
\par  \tab Chapter 6: 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. (5. 6.)
\par \tab Chapter 7: 1. 5. 6.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  (1)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
\par \tab Chapter 9: 7. 4. 5
\par \tab Chapter 10: 1. (5). }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 2. 1. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 6. 7. 2. 3. 4. 5.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  7.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  
\par \tab Chapter 11: 7. 5.
\par \tab Chapter 16: 5. (1).
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 \tab Chapter 17: 1. 3. 5. 7? (3)
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14383156\charrsid5464266 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Two factors affect this order: firstly the late entries indicated by brackets and secondly the tendency to place the most important manor of a fief holder first, as in 3,1 (Mic}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 k}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 leover) and 9,1 (Alvaston). The numbering allocated to the wapentakes is based on the order of chapte
r 6, but it will be noted that the wapentake of Litchurch (7) tends to draw attention to itself by its variable position. Nonetheless}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
 there are clearly elements of a standard order here, which suggests that behi}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14383156 nd Domesday was a territorially-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 arranged schedule.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14383156  Dislocati}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ons are discussed }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14383156 in the notes }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 at the head of each chapter and in the relevant notes.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid12784513\charrsid5464266 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 Order of Vills}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 In shires where the order of wapentakes or hundreds appears to be standard in the majority of fiefs, and a number of vills contain more t
han one estate which appear in different chapters in Domesday, it would be expected that the names of vills would appear in a similar order. This is because both the wapentakes and their constituent vills appeared in a territorially arranged schedule befo
re being converted to feudal form. A number of counties illustrate this clearly. 
\par \tab Although there are signs of a regular sequence of wapentakes in Derbyshire, it is not universal. Moreover}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  many places only appear once or in one fief in the text and when vi
llages are divided between different fiefs, there are few cases where their parts are in the same fiefs. Nonetheless}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  Ticknall and "Trangesbi}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid13769448 
"}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2447287\charrsid13769448 /"Trangesby"}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
 appear in the same relative order at 1,22-23 and 14,6;11, as do Stapenhill and other parts of Ticknall at 3,5;7 and 14,2;6. Beighton and 'Tunstall' share the s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid13769448 
ame relative positions at 5,2;4 and 10,3;5, as do Harthill and Barrow-upon-Trent at 6,75;82 and 
10,18;26, and Barlow and Killamarsh at 12,1;5 and 17,1;2. In the case of Thulston, Etwall and Breaston at 9,1;2;5 however, the corresponding entries are 6,81;98;65. All the estates in the jurisdiction of Melbourne (1,19), that is, Barrow-}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4851560\charrsid13769448 up}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid13769448 on-Trent,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  Swarkeston}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 e}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
, Chellaston, Osmaston, Cottons, Normanton, have counterparts in the fief of Henry of Ferrers and are entered in the same order (6,82-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 8}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2447287 4;}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 88-}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 8}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2447287 9;}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 91) which suggests t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 hat information concerning the k}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
ing's land and Henry of Ferrers' land had been together in an earlier document arranged (like the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ) by wapentake and vill. However, i}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 n the case of those dependen}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 cies of Mickleover (3,1) - }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Snelston, Bearwardcote, Dalbury, Rodsley, Sudbury, Hilton, and Sutton-on-the-Hill}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  -}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  which appear in Henry of Ferrers}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
 fief, the corresponding order is 6,53;94;97;62;30;46;39. This may suggest that the members of Mickleover were not pu}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2447287 t together from a territorially-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
arranged schedule, but were already attached to Mic}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 k}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 leover in the form of a list. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
\par 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11160219 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid3556547 Duplicate Entries}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid3556547 It}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 is possible that the following entries are duplicates of one another; detailed discussion will be found in the relevant notes:
\par \tab 1,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16070253 1}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 9. 10,26 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid9065994 Barrow-upon-Trent}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2447287  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9065994 \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9065994\charrsid13836711 1,30 Hayfield?/Hadfield}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3567980  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9065994 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 \tab 1,36. 7,13 Tibshelf and part of South? Wingfield
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12477115 \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12477115\charrsid13836711 1,37 or 1,38 (Weston-on-Trent or Aston-on-Trent) and 6,93 Aston-on Trent}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3567980  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12477115 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 \tab 3,1. 6,62 Rodsley
\par \tab 6,81. 9,1 Thulston
\par \tab 6,70. 6,100 Breadsall/ Morley.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid3556547 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid11160219 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid11160219\charrsid5464266 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 SPECIAL FEATURES
\par Borough
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 In 1086 as in 1066 Derbyshire contained only one place t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 hat gives any indication}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  of being a borough, that is}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ,}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  Derby itself. Its early history is unclear, so it is not certain how far it displaced any settlement that grew up around the Roman site of Little 
Chester. It had at least two important churches in 1086, and a mint, not mentioned in Domesday Book; see B1 Derby note.
\par \tab After 1086 a number of other Domesday places began to show signs of becoming towns. Burgages are mentioned at Ashbourne and Wirksworth }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 c}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
. 1200. Castleton was called the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 burgus de Alto Pech}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 ' in 1196 and Chesterfield received a charter as a free borough from King John in 1204.}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 There were burgesses at Bakewell in 1286. See Beresford and Finberg, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 English Medieval Boroughs}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 , pp. 85-86.
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11160219\charrsid5464266 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5660028 Castle}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5660028 There had been a fortified }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5660028 burh}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5660028  at Derby in the early tenth century}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  (B1 Derby note), but no N}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5660028 orman }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16070253 castle was e}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5660028 stablished the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 r}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5660028 e}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
. William Peverel already had a castle at }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16070253 Peches}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5660028 ers}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
 (Castleton) in 1086 (7,7). At an unknown date in the eleventh or twelfth centuries a further castle was established at Bolsover (7,1) on Peverel land.
\par \tab On the Derbyshire castles and fortified houses}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16070253 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  se}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16070253 e}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  King, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5660028 Castellarium Anglicanum}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8988962 , i. pp. 108-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8988962\charrsid15673103 13}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5660028 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1396872 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid1396872\charrsid658132 Forest}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid658132 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1396872\charrsid658132 
There is no mention of forest in Derbyshire in 1086. It is possible that William Peverel established a chase attached to his castle and manor of Castleton (7,7). This would have been the nucleus of Peak Forest, which would have been established as a ro
yal hunting-ground after the Peverel fief escheated to the Crown in the mid-twelfth century. At its }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8988962\charrsid658132 greatest extent, it seems to ha}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1396872\charrsid658132 
ve encompassed the Ancient Parishes of Glossop, Chapel-en-le-Frith, Castleton and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid658132\charrsid658132 H}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1396872\charrsid658132 ope and parts of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8988962\charrsid658132  those of Tideswe}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1396872\charrsid658132 ll}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8988962\charrsid658132 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1396872\charrsid658132  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8988962\charrsid658132 Bakewell }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1396872\charrsid658132 and Hathersage. }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8988962\charrsid658132 The forest was divided into three distinct areas: Longdendal}{\f0\fs24\insrsid658132\charrsid658132 e, Hopedale and 'Campania', this last}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8988962\charrsid658132 
 consisting of open land in the south and south-west}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15673103\charrsid658132 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8988962\charrsid658132  See 7,7 Castleton note; }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1396872\charrsid658132 Cox, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid1396872\charrsid658132 
Royal Forests of England}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1396872\charrsid658132 , pp. 150-80}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15673103\charrsid658132 ;}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8988962\charrsid658132  Crook, 'Private Hunting Rights in Derbyshire' }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1396872\charrsid658132 .}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1396872\charrsid1396872 
\par 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11160219 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15673103 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16260869 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 RELATED OR 'SATELLITE' TEXTS
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 
There are no texts related to Domesday Derbyshire that are directly connected with the Enquiry, but there are five abbreviations of the fief of Burton Abbey, two extracts and also two surveys which date from the first quarter of the twelfth century. Two o
f the abbreviations, the two extracts and the surveys are to be found in B}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13254434 ritish }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 L}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13254434 ibrary}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 , Loan 30. This manuscript has been dated }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 c}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 
. 1230 x 1241 and was deposited in the British Library by the Marquess of Anglesey in 1947. They are in the original compilation of this manuscript (folios 8-73 of the pencil foliation), written in double columns and with red, blue and sometimes green ini
tials, but Davis, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 Medieval Cartularies}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 
, no. 91, states that the surveys (he has 'survey') were among the insertions and additions made mainly in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries between the sections of the cartulary itself; these surveys were inserted in the thirteenth century. 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 Two Abbreviations within the Burton Cartulary
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869\charrsid6779462 This}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869  general cartulary of Burton Abbey dates from the thirteenth century, but is almost certainly a copy of an earlier text or the compilation of material from different earlier 
texts. Embedded within it are two abbreviations of the lands of Burton Abbey in Staffordshire (STS 4), Derbyshire (DBY 3 and B4) and, for the first text only}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13254434 , in Warwickshire (WAR 8), on British Library}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 , Loan 30, folio 10ra and folio 36vb (the pencil folia
tion). The first of these abbreviations was transcribed by Wrottesley, 'The Burton Chartulary', pp. 7-8, using the ink foliation (folio 3); he referred once to a discrepancy in the second abbreviation (on folio xiii of the ink foliation), but did not ment
ion the other discrepancies. These two abbreviations are discussed in Walmsley, 'Another Domesday Text'. Sawyer, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 Charters of Burton Abbey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1404455 
, pp. xxxvi-vii, does not mention that there are two abbreviations in Loan MS 30, giving}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1404455 only }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 the variant readings between }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1404455 
DBY B4. DBY 3 and the first}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869  abbreviation. The transcriptions have been checked against the manuscript by CT and the few errors in them corrected in the extracts given in the Notes.}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869\charrsid2514020 

\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 \tab These abbreviation}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11883936 s provide the place-name, carucage}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 , plough estimate}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11883936  (except for Ticknall}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11762212 
; there is none in 3,7 either}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11883936 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869  and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid610037 the 1086 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 value of all the estates in}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11883936 
 DBY 3 with the total carucage of the jurisdictions belonging to Mickleover (3,1) and the information that King William gave Caldwell (3,6) to}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11762212  the monks (of Burton Abbey) as}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11883936  their}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11762212  benefice. The order is as in DBY 3, except that in the second abbreviation (on folio 36vb) the additional information on Caldwell is written after the account of Ticknall (3,7); see 3,6 king note. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16714349 
Apart from the spelling of place-names, t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11762212 here are }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16714349 other }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11762212 
differences between the two abbreviations and between them and DBY 3: in the carucage of the jurisdictions of Mickleover }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid11762212 terrae}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11762212  is omitted in}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12456493 
 the first abbreviation and is after the 6 carucates in the second one, not after the 2 bovates as in DBY 3,1; in the first abbreviation the carucage for Appleby }{\f0\fs24\insrsid610037 [Magna] }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12456493 
is missing and a space is left for the number of ploughs in the estimate;}{\f0\fs24\insrsid610037  for Coton-in-the-Elms (DBY 3,4) the first abbreviation has 3 carucates, not 2 carucates; in the second abbreviation the val}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid610037\charrsid10169184 ue of Ticknall (DBY 3,7) is given as 20s,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid610037\charrsid1449464  not 10s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid870547\charrsid1449464 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12456493\charrsid1449464   }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11762212\charrsid1449464  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11883936\charrsid1449464 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1449464 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\fs24\insrsid870547\charrsid1449464 \tab The account of }{\fs24\insrsid5128179 the Burton Abbey's holding in }{
\fs24\insrsid870547\charrsid1449464 Derby}{\fs24\insrsid1259514 , which precedes that of the}{\fs24\insrsid5128179 ir other lands}{\fs24\insrsid1259514 ,}{\fs24\insrsid870547\charrsid1449464  reads; 'In Derby the Church of Burton has one mill and one free
}{\fs24\insrsid1449464\charrsid1449464  (}{\i\fs24\insrsid1449464\charrsid1449464 liberam}{\fs24\insrsid1449464\charrsid1449464 )}{\fs24\insrsid870547\charrsid1449464  messuage }{\fs24\insrsid10169184\charrsid1449464 and another two [messuages] over}{
\fs24\insrsid870547\charrsid1449464  which the king has jurisdiction'. This differs from the account in DBY B4 which}{\fs24\insrsid10169184\charrsid1449464  has ' 1 messuage with full jurisdiction}{\fs24\insrsid1449464\charrsid1449464  (}{
\i\fs24\insrsid1449464\charrsid1449464 cum saca 7 soca}{\fs24\insrsid1449464\charrsid1449464 )'; it also includes 13 acres of meadow}{\fs24\insrsid10169184\charrsid1449464 ,}{\fs24\insrsid5128179  but this may have been}{
\fs24\insrsid1449464\charrsid1449464  deliberately omitted in the abbreviations.}{\fs24\insrsid11883936\charrsid1449464 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16714349 \f2\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs24\insrsid1449464  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 \tab 
The heading to the first abbreviation is }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 Sic c}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1449464\charrsid1449464 [}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 on}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1449464\charrsid1449464 ]}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 tinet}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1449464\charrsid1449464 [}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 ur}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1449464\charrsid1449464 ]}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869  sup}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1449464\charrsid1449464 [}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 er}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1449464\charrsid1449464 ]}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869  Dom}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1449464\charrsid1449464 [}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 us}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1449464\charrsid1449464 ]}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 day ap}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1449464\charrsid1449464 [}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 u}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1449464\charrsid1449464 ]}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 d Winton}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1449464\charrsid1449464 [}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 iam}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1449464\charrsid1449464 ]}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4076175  ('The following}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869  is what is contained in Domesday at Winchester')}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1449464 
; there is no heading to the second abbreviation. It is less likely than with the Staffordshire material (see STS \{Introduction: Related or 'Satellite' Texts\}) that the source of these abbreviations was the text of Domesday Derbyshire, thoug
h it is possible that the second abbreviation was ta}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1259514 ken from DBY 3}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1449464 , despite the discrepancy in the value of Ticknall. The omission of material for Apple}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6176881 by [Magna] }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16714349 in the first abbreviation }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6176881 may suggest that its source was a text from earlier in the Domesday Survey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1259514 . The use of }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid1259514 liberam}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1259514 
 for }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid1259514 cum saca 7 soca}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1259514  in the account of Derby }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1458558 might }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1259514 suggest}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5128179  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1259514 
a source other than Domesday for both abbreviations}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1458558 , but there are other possibilities; see B4 jurisdiction note}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1259514 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16714349  }{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16714349\charrsid16714349 
The use of the preposition }{\i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16714349\charrsid16714349 super}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16714349\charrsid16714349 , rather than }{\i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16714349\charrsid16714349 in}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16714349\charrsid16714349 
, in the heading, which might mean 'concerning' rather than actually 'in'}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16714349 , may imply the abbreviation was based on a Domesday text rather than on Domesday itself}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16714349\charrsid16714349 .  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16714349\charrsid16714349 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16260869 {\f0\fs24\insrsid16714349 \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 For three other abbreviations of the same holdings of Burt}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869\charrsid16714349 on Abbey, see below.
\par }{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16714349  }{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16260869 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16714349 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 Two Extracts within the Burton Cartulary}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869\charrsid16260869 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13254434 T}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 here are two later additions }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13254434 of single holdings in Derbyshire within the Burton Cartulary (see \{Introduction: Related or 'Satellite' Texts\}). They are for}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1994623  Stapenhill (3,5) and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13254434 Winshill (3,3) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1994623 a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13254434 nd contain the full manorial details. They both claim Great Domesday (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13254434 
liber de Domesday}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13254434 ) as their source, which is almost certainly true, as they are accurate copies. They were entered, both by the same scribe, on British Library, Loan 30, folios 31r, 35r (pencil foliation)}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9704234  in the foot margins, the first one below the entry for Winshill in one of the Burton Abbey Surveys (Burton A) and the second one below the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1928442 first part of the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9704234 
entry for Stapenhill in the other survey (Survey B); on these surveys, see \{Introduction: The Burton Abbey Surveys\}.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1928442  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13254434  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869\charrsid13254434 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13254434 
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 The Burton Abbey Surveys
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 Included within the thirteenth-century Burton Cartulary, but not written by its scribe (though there are similarities in the hand) are copies of two sur
veys of Burton Abbey lands. These two surveys, called A and B by Round, 'Burton Abbey Surveys', date respectively from }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 c}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 . 1126 and }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 c}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 
. 1114. Burton A is on folios 28ra-32ra and Burton B on folios 32ra-36va of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9704234 British Library}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 , Loan 30. The order of the entri
es in these surveys is not as in the relevant chapters in Great Domesday (STS 4, DBY 3, WAR 8) and places not in those chapters are included in them, probably because they were members of other manors there, rather than later acquisitions by the abbey. On
 the omission of the abbey's holding in Coton-in-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9704234 the-Elms in Derbyshire, see }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 3,4 Coton note.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5012955  The carucage for Caldwell agrees with that in DBY 3,6, but in the remaining entries
}{\f0\fs24\insrsid543773  in the Surveys it }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5012955 is either different or the carucage of the inland and of the men is given separately and the total of this differs from the single figure in Domesday.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 
 Other information in the surveys includes details of the villagers and rent-paying tenants (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 censarii}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 ), their names, holdings and obligations, though not in every entry
 in both surveys; the later survey, Burton B, is generally fuller than the earlier one. 
\par \tab There is a transcription of these surveys, printed side by side to aid comparison, in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869\charrsid1928442 Bridgeman, 'Burton Abbey Surveys'. The }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1928442\charrsid1928442 Derbyshire}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869\charrsid1928442  holdings appear there on the following pages: }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2315330 Mickleover with its outliers (3,1) on pp. 229}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16723007 -}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2315330 36;}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16723007  Willington}
{\f0\fs24\insrsid2315330  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16723007 (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2315330 10,20}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16723007 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2315330  on pp. 236-38}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16723007 ; Stapenhill (3,5) on pp. 238-40; }{
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16723007\charrsid16723007 Brizlincote}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16723007  (part of Stapenhill; see 3,5 Stapenhill note) on p. 240; Stanton (6,21) on p. 240
; Ticknall (3,7) on p. 240; Winshill (3,3) on pp. 240-43; Caldwell (3,6) on pp. 243-44; Appleby [Magna] on pp. 244-46. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 
Abstracts from both surveys, in the order of the manuscript, were transcribed in Wrottesley, 'The Burton Chartulary', pp. 18-30. Neither transcription is perfect.
\par \tab Part of Burton B also appears in another manuscript: Burton Muniment 1925 (D603/A/ADD/1925), a roll fragment. This dates from early in the twelfth century and was written by three main scribes; other scribes made corrections and 
additions (the latter perhaps in spaces deliberately left for them). This suggests that it was a very early version of Burton B, if not the working copy. It contains only the entries for Stretton-on-Dunsmore}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13369653 
 and Wolston (WAR 12,3-4;7), Ca}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 ldwell (DBY 3,6), the second half of Stretton (STS 4,4), Wetmore (STS 4,3), Okeover (STS 4,8) and Ilam (not in Great Domesday, but granted to Burton Abbey in Wulfric Spot's will; see }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13369653 STS }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 4,8 Okeover note). There is a transcription and discussion in Walmsley, 'Another Domesday Text'; he calls this manuscript 'Anglesey 1925'.
\par \tab Extracts from the surveys, as they related to the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 censarii}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 
, are also discussed and tabulated in Baring, 'Domesday and the Burton Cartulary', who gave them different names and initially dated Burton A to }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 c}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 . 1100, but later changed his mind. }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869\charrsid543773 See also}{\f0\fs24\insrsid543773  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869\charrsid543773 Roffe, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869\charrsid543773 The Inquest and the Book}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869\charrsid543773 , pp.}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869  152, 215. On the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 censarii}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869  who appear in the surveys, see Walmsley, 'The "Censarii" of Burton Abbey'. The roll fragment, Burton Muniment 1925, is described in Jeayes, '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869\charrsid5249738 Catalogue of the Charter and Muniments Belonging to the Marquis of Anglesey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 ', p. 192.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869\charrsid5708570 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 Other Abbreviations
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 There are three other abbreviations of Burton Abbey holdings, which are very similar to }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4225539 the two in the Burton Cartulary.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 
\par \tab 
Embedded in the roll fragment containing part of Burton B (Burton Muniment 1925; see above) and written by one of its three main scribes is an abbreviation of the abbey's holdings in Staffordshire (STS 4), Derbyshire (DBY 3 and B 4) and Warwickshire (WAR 
8), which it states is from the 'king's book' (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid1259514 Script}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1259514\charrsid1259514 [}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid1259514 ur}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1259514\charrsid1259514 ]}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid1259514 a sic}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1259514\charrsid1259514 [}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid1259514 ut}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1259514\charrsid1259514 ]}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid1259514  continet}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1259514\charrsid1259514 [}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid1259514 ur}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1259514\charrsid1259514 ]}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid1259514  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 in libro regis}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 ). The order for the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1259514 Derby}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 
shire holdings is as in Great Domesday,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1259514  except for the inclusion of the additional statement on Caldwell after the account of Ticknall (as in}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1259514 
the second abbreviation in the Burton Cartulary; see above). }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5256028 The same information as in those two abbreviations is given and there are no discrepancies between it and DBY 3}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6425940 , other than }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6425940 terrae}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6425940  being written after the 6 carucates, not the 2 bovates, in the total of the jurisdictions for Mickleover}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5256028 
. The account of Derby (which precedes the abbey's lands) has 'one free messuage' like the abbreviations in the Burton Cartulary. The source of this abbreviation is likely to have been DBY 3 (or a text}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4225539  very}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5256028  closely related to it) for the account of the Burton Abbey fief, but the account of Derby did not come from DBY B4}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4225539 , though its source was probably a text related to the Domesday Survey}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5256028 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 It is transcribed and discussed in Walmsley, 'Another Domesday Text'; he b
elieved that this abbreviation was an 'official assessment list' independent of Great Domesday, but his argument is not convincing. His argument is also not accepted by Roffe ('Introduction', }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 Derbyshire Domesday}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 , p. 1 note 9; }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 The Inquest and the Book}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 , p. 151 note 21, where he calls it 'Burton B'; but see his '}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 Descriptio Terrarum}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869  of Peterborough', p. 8).
\par \tab An abbreviation of the same holdings of Burton Abbey in Staffordshire, Derbyshire and Warwickshire appears as one of three endorsements on a single sheet o
f parchment on which is written King Ethelred's endowment charter to Burton Abbey and the earliest copy of Wulfric Spot's will: Burton Muniment 1 (D603/A/Add/1). This document is described in Jeayes, '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869\charrsid5251101 
Catalogue of the Charter and Muniments Belonging to the Marquis of Anglesey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 ', pp. 5-6. This endorsement is transcribed and discussed by Sawyer, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 Charters of Burton Abbey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 
, pp. xxxv-vii. He dates it to the late eleventh century and provides the variant readin
gs in the other abbreviations of the abbey's holdings (except for the second one in the Burton Cartulary) and in Great Domesday. It is also discussed by Walmsley ('Another Domesday Text', pp. 111-12) who calls the manuscript 'Anglesey 1', and by Bridgeman
 ('Wulfric Spot's Will', pp. 17, 18-19). }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5256028 It has no head}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6425940 ing. The information is }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5256028 as in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6425940 
Burton Muniment 1925, except that for Appleby [Magna] the number of carucates is illegible (if ever there; the manuscript has not been checked, only a photocopy of it) and 
a space is left for the number of ploughs in the estimate (as in the first abbreviation in the Burton Cartulary)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11741614 
. Until the manuscript can be checked, it is impossible to be sure about its source, though it was obviously close to Domesday.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869\charrsid2634440 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 \tab There is also an abbreviation of the same holdings of Burton Abbey in Staffordshire, Derbyshire and Warwickshire in the Peniarth Cartulary: Aberystwyth, National Library of Wales, Peniarth 390,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14039442 
 page 362}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 . This manuscript dates from the thirteenth to fourteenth centuries, though the main part of it (folios 1-18}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14039442 4), including this abbreviation}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 , was written between }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 c}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869\charrsid12918717 . 1240}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869  and 1264, largely by one scribe, who may also have written the Burton Annals (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2836906\charrsid2836906 British Library}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 , Cotton Vespasian E. iii, folios 4-100v); see Sawyer, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 Charters of Burton Abbey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 , p. xiv. See also Davis, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 Medieval Cartularies}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 , no. 93. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11741614 It has not been described, but is discussed in Walmsley, 'Another Domesday Text'. This}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869  abbreviation describes its source as Domesday (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 
sic scribit}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11741614\charrsid11741614 [}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 ur}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11741614\charrsid11741614 ]}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869  in Dom}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11741614\charrsid11741614 [}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 us}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11741614\charrsid11741614 ]}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 day}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11741614  and the information is exactly as in Burton Muniment 1925 (see above). I}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 t is likely that }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11741614 DBY 3 (or a text }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4225539 very }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11741614 closely related to it) was }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16260869 its source}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11741614 
 for the account of the abbey's lands, but the account of Derby did not come from DBY B4, though its source was probably a text related to the Domesday Survey.
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13134887 {\f0\fs24\insrsid419611 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4225539 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid419611\charrsid5464266 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 EDITORIAL
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 Identification of Places
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid13979126 Satisfactory identification of a Domesday place depends on the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  hundredal or wapentakal rubrication supplied by Domesday, the matching of the manorial details provide
d by Domesday with the proposed site, the discovery of a satisfactory lineage linking the Domesday name-form with}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
the suggested identification and a study of the later history and holders of the estate. In the case of Derbyshire, the almost complete absence of wapentakal rubrication and the lack of manorial history on the scale of the 'topographical' volumes of the }
{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid6972247 Victoria County History}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  leave the ide
ntification, especially of less important settlements and of places that share the same basic name with others, less secure than it is in some counties. On the other hand, the collection, sorting and interpretation of name-forms has greatly benefited from
 the publication in 1959 of the three volumes of }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid6972247 The Place-Names of Derbyshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 .
\par \tab A pioneering attempt to identify the Domesday names (Barber, 'Etymologies of Derbyshire Place-Names') was published in 1897. Identifications were put on a more secure footing by the appearance in 1905 of volume i of the }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid6639883 Victoria County History}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  for Derbyshire. Research into the Derbyshire names continued with the publication of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
a two-part study by Walker ('Place-Names of Derbyshire') in 1914 and 1915, although he passed over a nu
mber of names and left others unidentified. A valuable supplement to his work is by Williamson ('Notes on Walker's Place-Names of Derbyshire') published between 1926 and 1929. A further study of Domesday places was made for the }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid10696413 Domesday Geography of Northern England}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
 (1962) and appeared in the Domesday Gazetteer of 1975. All these sources were available to Philip Morgan for his edition of Derbyshire in the Phillimore series (1978) and to F.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2836906  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 R.}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2836906  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 Thorn who reviewed the identications for the Alecto }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid10696413 Derbyshire Domesday}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
 (1990). For the present edition, the place-name identifications have been re-scrutinized, but without a systematic study of the later history of manors.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid13979126 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid11160219\charrsid5464266 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 State of Revision 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13134887 \cbpat8 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
The Phillimore edition of Derbyshire appeared in 1978. It was edited by Philip Morgan from a draft translation prepared by Sara Wood. }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
Philip Morgan was 'grateful to Mr. J.D.Foy for collating the place identifications with the Lay Subsidy Rolls'.}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5118210  }{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 The maps were the work of Rosalind Brewer. Although the g
eneral editor of the series, John Morris, had died in 1977, he had overseen much of the preparation of the volume and it was edited very much as he prescribed with a minimal annotation, much of it drawn from the text itself. In particular, it was his poli
cy, where the hundredal or wapentakal rubrication of Domesday was defective or missing, to use the names and contents of the 'later' hundreds. Thus }{\i\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Ham}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5660028 [}{
\i\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 m}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5660028 ]}{\i\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 enstan Wapent'}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  of the tex}{\fs24\insrsid13134887 t}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
 became Wirksworth Wapentake in the translation.}{\fs24\insrsid13134887 
\par \tab After John Morris' death the supervision of the project was undertaken by his colleague at Univ}{\fs24\insrsid8481595 e}{\fs24\insrsid13134887 
rsity College, London, John Dodgson, and day-to-day management was in the hands of Alison Hawkins. Without either of them the project would never have been completed.}{\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13134887 \f2\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 \tab The preparation of 
an electronic edition has allowed a much fuller annotation to be provided. On the other hand, this is not a complete re-edition. In particular there is little reference in the notes to the later history of the Domesday estates, except where it is necessar
y to distinguish places of the same name in the same wapentake or to support doubtful identifications.
\par \tab However, the opportunity has been taken to make a number of changes:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \s15\ql \fi-360\li720\ri0\widctlpar
\tx284\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13134887 {\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 An Introduction has been provided. Within it the sections on History and Wapentakes take account of F.}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2836906  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 R.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Thorn's wor}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 k for the Alecto edition (1990)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8481595 .}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}
The probable names and contents of the 1086 wapentakes have been deduced from the text and identified from later sources. A full series of wapentake heads has been placed in the translat
ion and the probable wapentake in which each place lay is discussed in the notes.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}References have been included to}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2836906  all known Anglo-Saxon c}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 harters}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8481595 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}All Domesday estates have been systematically designated either as Ancient Parishes, townships}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 ,}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  chapelries or hamlets}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8481595 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \f3\expnd0\expndtw3\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw3\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
The translation has been reviewed and brought into line with counties published later in the Phillimore series. It has been compared with the translation published subsequently by Alecto (on which the present edit
ors also worked); mistakes have been corrected and any important changes or differences have been commented upon. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\expnd0\expndtw3\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \fi-360\li720\ri6\nowidctlpar
\tx284\jclisttab\tx720\tx8460\tx8640\faauto\ls1\rin6\lin720\itap0\pararsid6298114 \cbpat8 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\fs24\expnd0\expndtw3\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 The place-names have been re-scrutinized}{
\fs24\expnd0\expndtw3\cf1\insrsid8481595 .}{\cf1\insrsid6298114\charrsid6298114 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid6298114 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid6298114 C}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid6298114\charrsid6298114 
ertain changes have been necessary in the conversion of the notes to a searchable electronic version, such as to the lead words for the notes, to cross-references and to punctuation. 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid6298114\charrsid6298114 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-360\li720\ri-325\nowidctlpar
\tx284\jclisttab\tx720\tx8280\tx8460\faauto\ls1\rin-325\lin720\itap0\pararsid6298114 \cbpat8 {\fs24\cf1\insrsid6298114\charrsid6298114 The bibliographical and other conventions have been changed to align t
hem with the other counties that have been revised for the current project.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\expnd0\expndtw3\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13134887 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw3\cf1\insrsid13134887 
The handling of the Domesday forms of personal names has been completely }{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw3\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid6298114 revised}{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw3\cf1\insrsid6298114\charrsid6298114  and notes have been written on them }{
\fs24\cf1\insrsid6298114\charrsid6298114 as part of an ongoing process to bring more consistency to the entire name stock of Domesday Book.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid6298114\charrsid6298114 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-360\li720\ri6\nowidctlpar
\tx284\jclisttab\tx720\tx8460\tx8640\faauto\ls1\rin6\lin720\itap0\pararsid6298114 \cbpat8 {\fs24\cf1\insrsid6298114\charrsid6298114 
Some of the people have been further identified. When the identification comes from the person's occurrence in other documents or in other Domesday countie
s, this is shown in the translation between asterisks within square brackets. Where there is no documentary evidence for the identity of an individual, but it seems likely that a number of persons with the same first name are one and the same, this has be
en indicated in the translation by putting the name of one of the estates held by that person between < >. In th}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid6298114\charrsid14506886 is county some of the notes to justify both these forms of identification were written by }{
\fs24\cf1\insrsid14506886\charrsid14506886 John Palmer and these have been attributed to him as (JP) put at the end of his paragraph.}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid14506886  }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid6298114\charrsid6298114 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \f3\expnd0\expndtw3\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard\plain \s15\ql \fi-360\li720\ri0\widctlpar
\tx284\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13134887 \f2\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw3\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Internal c}{
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw3\cf1\insrsid13134887 ross-}{\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw3\cf1\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 references have been expanded}{\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw3\cf1\insrsid8481595 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}
Both in the Introduction (The Domesday Format) and in the Notes, additional information has been included concerning the order 
of writing, the circuit, the ruling pattern used in Derbyshire, the problems faced by the main scribe of Great Domesday and the corrections and additions made by him and by scribe B. This information comes largely from the researches of Caroline Thorn and
 Michael Gullick which will be published as Thorn, Thorn and Gullick, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 The Scribal History of Gr}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid15673103 eat Domesday Book}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8481595\charrsid15673103 ; a resum
}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8655251\charrsid15673103 \'e9 of their work }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3097243\charrsid15673103 to 2000 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8655251\charrsid15673103 appeared in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3097243\charrsid15673103 Thorn and Thorn}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3097243 
, 'The Writing of Great Domesday Book'. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  As the work of scribe B was not identified a
nd other advances in the understanding of the writing of Domesday Book were not made until after the Phillimore printed edition went to press, the notes therein contain some information that has been superseded by further research.}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6298114 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6298114 Obvious typographical errors }{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid6298114\charrsid6298114 in the Phillimore printed notes}{
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid6298114  have been corrected}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid14506886 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6298114\charrsid14506886 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid14039442 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14506886\charrsid5464266 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13134887 {\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Much of Philip Morgan's original commentary has been }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
retained and, what has been, is}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266  attributed to him }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 with the bracketed initials }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 (PM). Any sentence within a par
agraph following one attributed to PM and any paragraph not attributed to him is by the present editors.
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14039442 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid3829141 Acknowledgements
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3829141 \cbpat8 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\fs24\expnd0\expndtw3\cf1\insrsid3829141\charrsid3829141 
Access to the manuscript of Great Domesday on an unprecedented scale over a period of more than thirty years has always been freely 
granted by the staff of the Public Record Office; thanks are particularly due to Elizabeth Hallam Smith, Helen Forde, Mario Aleppo and John Abbott. Jim Foy's acuity and knowledge are always available to us.}{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw3\cf1\insrsid2836906   }{
\fs24\cf1\insrsid3829141\charrsid3829141 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13134887 \f2\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid3829141\charrsid3829141 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3829141\charrsid5464266 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887\charrsid5464266 Caroline Thorn
\par Frank Thorn
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3097243\charrsid15673103 November}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14039442  2005}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13134887 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14039442 June 2007}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14039442\charrsid5464266 
\par }}