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{\*\generator Microsoft Word 10.0.2627;}{\info{\title ACARD [* OF IVRY *]}{\author John Palmer}{\operator John Palmer}{\creatim\yr2010\mo7\dy15\hr10\min46}{\revtim\yr2010\mo7\dy16\hr17\min38}{\printim\yr2010\mo4\dy21\hr10\min30}{\version5}{\edmins7}
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\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11030753 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\b\f1\fs28\insrsid13989613\charrsid11030753 Notes on }{\b\f1\fs28\insrsid12529158 the identifications}{
\b\f1\fs28\insrsid2771295\charrsid11030753  i}{\b\f1\fs28\insrsid13989613\charrsid11030753 n the }{\b\f1\fs28\insrsid2771295\charrsid11030753 translation}{\b\f1\fs28\insrsid13989613\charrsid11030753  and indexes}{
\b\f1\fs28\insrsid1396151\charrsid11030753 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11030753 {\insrsid11030753 
\par Landowners named only by their forenames, or referred to by aliases, are identified in the translated text, the }{\i\insrsid11030753 Statistics}{\insrsid11030753  database and the }{\i\insrsid11030753 Names}{\insrsid11030753  index where possible, in ord
er to make the data more useful for the analysis of the landowning classes in 1066 and 1086 and the social upheaval among those classes which occurred in the interval. The purpose of the following notes is to explain the basis on which these identificatio
ns have been made, in order to allow users to make their own judgement as to what credence they merit, allowing them to adjust the statistics accordingly. The }{\i\insrsid11030753 Statistics}{\insrsid11030753 
 database contains only those landowners with land assessed or valued in 1066 or 1086. As aliases and scribal errors may impede full retrieval from the translation, this and the }{\i\insrsid11030753 Statistics}{\insrsid11030753 
 database should be used in conjunction with the }{\i\insrsid11030753 Names}{\insrsid11030753  index, which includes all names, with cross-references to aliases and probable scribal errors. In add
ition to other standard reference works, the PASE database has been consulted for early forms or problematic names: see the }{\i\insrsid11030753 Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England}{\insrsid11030753  at }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\insrsid11030753 
 HYPERLINK "http://www.pase.ac.uk/" }{\insrsid12529158 {\*\datafield 00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b2e00000068007400740070003a002f002f007700770077002e0070006100730065002e00610063002e0075006b002f000000}}
}{\fldrslt {\cs24\ul\cf2\insrsid11030753 http://www.pase.ac.uk/}}}{\insrsid11030753 .
\par \tab Where no relevant sources ex
ist, the criteria for making identifications are broadly statistical, or probabilistic, and range from 'virtually certain' to 'more likely than not'; more precise categories would be spurious in view of the many factors of varying weight which need to be 
t
aken into account. As documentation for the English landowning classes is almost entirely lacking, their social structure can only be reconstructed with the aid of such criteria, almost three-quarters of Anglo-Saxon lords being unidentified in Domesday Bo
ok, and very few of them named outside that record.}{\cs23\super\insrsid11030753 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11030753 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid11030753 \chftn }{\insrsid11030753 \tab The figures in this paragraph are counts of the number of manors held by unidentified lords, excluding anonymous landowners.}}}{
\insrsid11030753  Though better served, roughly a third of post-Conquest landowners are also unidentified. As the distribution of both groups is almost certainly skewed, with lower or middling landowners disproportionately
 represented, this produces an incomplete and distorted picture of both groups and hence of the impact of the Conquest.}{\cs23\super\insrsid11030753 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11030753 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid11030753 \chftn }{\insrsid11030753  \tab 
Many incidental references in Domesday - in the many claims, for instance - provide clues to unanticipated links between names, so it is probable that the data has an inbuilt bias which }{\i\insrsid11030753 over}{\insrsid11030753 
estimates the number of individuals and }{\i\insrsid11030753 under}{\insrsid11030753 estimates the size of many small and middling estates, even after all plausible identifications suggested by tenurial and other links have been made.}}}{\insrsid11030753 
 And since Domesday Book is the baseline from which social change over the next two centuries may be assessed, our view of those centuri
es is also affected, obscuring broad social trends and probably resulting in a considerable underestimate of the degree of social mobility among the landowning classes. It will never be possible to identify all Domesday landowners with a tolerable degree 
o
f probability; but the proportion of unidentified men can be significantly reduced. Although these notes are at the moment very incomplete, they identify the lords or more than 12,000 manors, approximately 50% of those not identified in the text. Whatever
 misidentifications are made in the process - hopefully reduced over time by the normal processes of scholarly debate - they are unlikely to be a significant proportion of this total. Corrections are welcome and can be mailed to }
{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\insrsid11030753  HYPERLINK "mailto:domesdayids@googlemail.com" }{\insrsid12529158 {\*\datafield 
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\cs24\ul\cf2\insrsid11030753 domesdayids@googlemail.com}}}{\insrsid11030753 .
\par }\pard \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11030753 {\insrsid11030753 
Probabilities are for the most part based upon relationships: family, spatial, textual and above all tenurial - that is, relationships between lords and their tenants and 'men', or between English landowner
s and those who replaced them, or the survivors retained by the conquerors. Some cases are straightforward: as all nineteen Ribalds in Domesday Book were tenants of one tenant-in-chief, they were evidently one man, just as all nine manors held by a Barthi
 
had clearly been held by a single Englishman.. Few cases are as clear-cut as this; but all rely upon probability as circumstantial evidence of identity. There are many problems in making such identifications, to which a large and growing literature is dev
oted.}{\cs23\super\insrsid11030753 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11030753 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid11030753 \chftn }{\insrsid11030753 \tab Most recently, Lewis, 'Joining the dots', describes a methodology for identifying English landowners, with references to significant previous studies.}}}{\insrsid11030753 
 There are two which, though well-enough known, need some emphasis. First, many names recognised as separate or of separate origin by philologists are used interchangeably by the Domesday scribes (or the scribes are guilty of a rather large number of 
mistakes); the notes which follow contain many examples and others are likely to be undetected. Secondly, while bynames provide the most common means of distinguishing individuals with the same forename, they can be misleading since one person could have 
s
everal bynames. Richard son of Gilbert is also Richard of Clare and Richard of Tonbridge; Edeva the fair is Edeva the rich and very probably Countess Edeva; Reinbald is variously described as priest, chaplain, chancellor and as Reinbald of Cirencester; Ur
s
o the sheriff is also Urso of Abetot and Urso of Worcester; Alnoth the noble is also Alnoth of Canterbury, Alnoth of Kent and Alnoth the Kentishman; and Burghard of Mendlesham is Burghard of Shenley. Such well-known cases may be the tip of an iceberg whos
e
 dimensions are probably larger than suspected. Unless documented by external sources, Domesday aliases can only rarely be proven; but in attempting to identify individuals, toponyms, patronymics and bynames from office or function cannot be regarded as m
u
tually exclusive. Topographic bynames from English place-names should be regarded with particular suspicion as exclusive identifiers as there is a marked tendency in some Domesday texts to name landowners from localities with which the scribes at Hundred,
 
county or circuit level were familiar, one man potentially collecting two or more such bynames. In the nature of things, it is difficult to prove such suspicions; but it is likely, for instance, that Alwy of Thetford is Alwy of Colchester, that Reinbert o
f Hastings is Reinbert of Sutton, that Jocelyn of Loddon is Jocelyn of Norwich, and that Godwin of Benfield is Godwin of Soulbury and perhaps also Godwin of Letchworth.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11030753 {\insrsid11030753 \tab References to the pioneering works of Dr Clarke's }{\i\insrsid11030753 English nobility}{\insrsid11030753  and to the }{
\i\insrsid11030753 Coel}{\insrsid11030753  database of Dr Keats-Rohan are provided as they supply lists of the manors of each landowner for comparison with the }{\i\insrsid11030753 Statistics}{\insrsid11030753 
 database; differences may pinpoint the more dubious identifications. The }{\i\insrsid11030753 Coel}{\insrsid11030753  database, which includes a valuable collection of sour
ce material, lists all 1086 manorial lords identified by byname, tenure or descriptive tag; it is cited here by the People number allocated to identified individuals in }{\i\insrsid11030753 Coel}{\insrsid11030753 
. These men are also included in Dr Keats-Rohan's }{\i\insrsid11030753 Domesday people}{\insrsid11030753 , with folio references to their manors, less helpful than }{\i\insrsid11030753 Coel}{\insrsid11030753 
 which identifies each manor and landowner by a unique reference and also contains some corrections to }{\i\insrsid11030753 Domesday people}{\insrsid11030753 . Tenants not identified by byname or description are also included in }{\i\insrsid11030753 Coel}
{\insrsid11030753  and allocated a Name number; these men are usually omitted from }{\i\insrsid11030753 Domesday people}{\insrsid11030753 . }{\i\insrsid11030753 Coel}{\insrsid11030753 
 normally assigns the dependencies of a tenanted manor to the tenant-in-chief unless the tenant is specifically named in the entry for the dependency whereas the }{\i\insrsid11030753 Statistics}{\insrsid11030753  database assume
s that the lord of a manor also held its dependencies unless otherwise indicated. Both }{\i\insrsid11030753 Coel}{\insrsid11030753  and }{\i\insrsid11030753 Domesday peopl}{\insrsid11030753 
e include information on the origins and families of the landowners, usually incorporated in these notes only if the landowner is not identified w
ith his byname in Domesday Book itself. Dr Clarke's lists do not normally include dependencies or manors without valuations; where a value for 1066 is missing, he normally supplies that for 1086.
\par }\pard \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11030753 {\insrsid11030753 The sources from which identifications may be made - satelli
te texts, chronicles, writs, charters, inscriptions - are well-known and documented in the literature cited below; but the use of one source requires brief comment. For post-Conquest historians, manorial descents are an important means of identifying Dome
s
day tenants. If, for instance, three Humphreys held Domesday manors found in the hands of one family at a later date, there is a presumption that the three Domesday Humphreys are one man. If these manors were later held by two or three families, however, 
i
t would be rash to presume there were two or three Domesday Humphreys. Uninterrupted descent is far from the norm. Contemporary chronicles, the earliest charters, and post-Domesday surveys reveal re-arrangements in the composition of fees which broke desc
e
nt from the Domesday tenant within a generation. Research on replacement rates among landowners of a later period establishes that these were high, broadly speaking 25% in each generation; they are unlikely to have been lower in the turbulent twelfth cent
u
ry. Other factors affecting the descent of parts of an estate are equally if not more important: provision for daughters or younger sons, exchanges (a number noted in Domesday itself), sale, forfeiture, alienations, manorial fragmentation or consolidation
,
 and other contingencies resulting in broken lines of descent, while the incompleteness of later documentation - the omission of mesne tenures, for instance - can result in a misleading appearance of fragmented descent. The bulk of this documentation date
s from the mid-thirteenth century onwards, almost two centuries after Domesday when the chances of Domesday tenants having direct male descendants on all their manors are slight.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11030753 {\insrsid11030753 
\par }{\b\insrsid11030753 Editorial principles}{\insrsid11030753 : It is hoped to hyperlink the notes which follow to the 
translation in due course, which requires that they are as self-contained as possible, hence the formulaic and repetitious nature of many of them. The Phillimore references will also be linked to the Domesday entries, allowing the translated text to be di
splayed by clicking the reference. In general, only references to unidentified landowners are cited in these notes, though some references to satellite and other names are included where appropriate; every name, however, is included in the }{
\i\insrsid11030753 Names}{\insrsid11030753  index.
\par \tab To reduce repetition, statements of }{\b\insrsid11030753 links}{\insrsid11030753 
 between landowners - or their absence - are shorthand for any form of known connection or association: family relationships, tenure, manorial ties, descent, proximity, or the like. To the same end, common characterist
ics of a particular forename - numbers, tenurial and geographical distributions, etc - are described at the head of each group of names. As some Domesday names are liable to be confused with each other, and scribal errors are not uncommon, name-totals sho
u
ld be regarded as approximate. To avoid excessive repetition of recurrent words, manor, holding, entry, property, land, etc, are used as equivalents, with no technical meaning implied, though 'Honour' has its normal meaning and 'estate' refers to all the 
manors held by an individual.
\par }\pard \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11030753 {\insrsid11030753 Where bynames are attested by contemporary sources, they are placed between [*  *] in the translation (and by round brackets in the }
{\i\insrsid11030753 Names}{\insrsid11030753  index and }{\i\insrsid11030753 Statistics}{\insrsid11030753  database); where not, an estate name, normally that of the most subs
tantial manor or that held in 1086 by survivors, is employed, bracketed by chevrons in the translation, indexes and database. The conventions used for identifying various satellite sources are described in the documentation of the translation, indexes and
 database. As the exact location of most Domesday places is uncertain, distances between vills and manors in the notes are approximate walking distances.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11030753 {\insrsid11030753 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11030753 {\insrsid11030753 .....................................................................................................
..........................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid2582754\charrsid2582754 ACARD. Acard is a rare }{\insrsid4333075 name which occurs}{\insrsid2582754\charrsid2582754  six times, }{
\insrsid11956019 distributed among}{\insrsid2582754\charrsid2582754  four counties and the}{\insrsid2582754  lands of three tenants-in-chief.}{\insrsid6756562 
\par 
\par }{\insrsid6178184 .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid6756562 ..
\par }{\insrsid3740170\charrsid2700741 ACARD [* OF IVRY *]. }{\insrsid4988194 T}{\insrsid3740170 he tenants of William son of Ansculf at Tyringham}{\insrsid4988194  in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 17,22}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and in the adjacent vills of Old Swinford and Pedmore in Worcestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WOR 23,11-12}}}{\insrsid12807907  are very probably the same Acard. 
Tyringham and Pedmore were held in the thirteenth century by a Gifard from the successors of William son of Ansculf: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4148291 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 527, 884. As the name is rare, Acard may be Acard of Ivry, who held Aspley Guise in Bedfordshire from Hugh of Beauchamp}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 23,17}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,
 ten miles from Tyringham, the manors being of comparable status. Aspley was later held by Ralph of Valery, possibly a descendant of Acard: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4988194 VCH Bedfordshire}{\insrsid12807907 
, iii. 338-39. Acard of Ivry's manor is recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 664) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 123, those of William's tenant separately (no. 8491), with the suggestion that he is possibly Acard of Ivry.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4148291 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11030753 {\insrsid11030753 
.............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2582754 ACARD [* THE PRIEST *]. As the name is rare, the Acard who held two and a half hides }{\insrsid12807907 
at an unknown location }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2582754 in Binstead }{\insrsid12807907 Hundred }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2582754 in Sussex from Earl Roger of Shrewsbury}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 11,96}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2582754 
 is probably Acard the priest, who held '2 virgates in pre}{\insrsid12807907 bend' in the manor of Walberton}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2582754  from the same tenant-in-chief}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2582754  in the same Hundred}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUS 11,81}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2582754 . }{\insrsid12807907 His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 2024)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  123.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2582754 AC}{\insrsid12807907 WULF <OF THELNETHAM>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2582754 . }{\insrsid12807907 The thane Acwulf who held a respectable manor at Thelnetham in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 12,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 is probably the thane at Ixworth Thorpe in the same Hundred, eight miles away}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 59,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and also the free man of that name on thirty-six acres at Burston in Norfolk, ten miles from Thelnetham}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NFK 7,8}}}{\insrsid12807907 , despite their manors devolving upon three tenants-in-chief, these being the only Acwulfs in Domesday Book.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par ADAM. The name Adam occurs on one small fief in Essex and almost fifty times among the tenants in Domesday Book, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 distributed }{\insrsid12807907 among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 
seven counties and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 the lands of }{\insrsid12807907 five }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 tenants-in-chief}{\insrsid12807907 , but possibly borne by
 no more than one or two individuals. An Adam son of William (or possibly Adam son of Robert) is named in the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14106742 Inquisitio Eliensis}{\insrsid12807907 
 (ed. Hamilton, pp. 125, 182) as the tenant of a sixth tenant-in-chief, in Hertfordshire. The one other Adam with a recorded byname is Adam son Hubert, who is probably the unidentified Adam in most, possibly all cases.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par ADAM <OF LEASINGHAM>. The tenants of the bishop of Lincoln on the fairly substantial manors of 'Ringstone' and Leasingham in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 7,32-33;52}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are very probably the same Adam: Hugh of Ringstone held a fee in Leasingham from the bishop of Lincoln in the 1240s: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid530149 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 1075
. In view of the distribution of the name and the status of his manors, it is not unlikely that he is the magnate Adam son }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid530149 of Hubert, }{\insrsid12807907 a tenant of the bishop of Bayeux, though not in Lincolnshire. T}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid530149 here are no links to confirm this}{\insrsid12807907 , but Bishop Odo}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid530149  }{\insrsid12807907 and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid530149 the bishop of Lincoln}{\insrsid12807907  did}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid530149  }{\insrsid12807907 share}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid530149  other tenants}{\insrsid12807907 . 'Ringstone' is attributed to the bishop of Lincoln's tenant in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907 
 (no. 9377)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 124; the tenant of Leasingham is unidentified (no. 33289).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5912153 ADAM [* SON OF HUBERT *]. }{\insrsid12807907 With the possible exception of two manors in Lincolnshire, it is probable that all unidentified Adams in Domesday Book are Ad
am son of Hubert of Ryes, a favourite of the Conqueror, brother of Eudo the steward, and the wealthiest of the tenants of the bishop of Bayeux. Although not a tenant-in-chief himself, he was among the wealthiest two dozen landowners in the country, outstr
ipping most tenants-in-chief, including such magnates as the earl of Chester: Palmer, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10764218 'Wealth}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8214004  of the secular aristocracy}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10764218 ', }{\insrsid12807907 p. 281
}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5912153 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14056184 H}{\insrsid12807907 is byname}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14056184  }{\insrsid12807907 is stated or implied by 'also' }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14056184 on fourteen manors in Kent, }{\insrsid12807907 two in Surrey}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14056184  and one in Oxfordshire, all}{\insrsid12807907  apart from a small amount of woodland held from the bishop of Bayeux, so he is probably the Adam who held eleven manors from the bishop in Kent}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
KEN 5,40;94;104-107;141-142;154;163;184}}}{\insrsid12807907 , seven in Oxfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 7,12;22;39-40;47;52-53}}}{\insrsid12807907 , eight in Hertfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 5,2-6;17-19}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and one in Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 2,11}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Of the two Adams who were not the bishop's tenants in those counties, one is identified as the son of Hubert by reference a manor he held from Bishop Odo}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 9,51. 5,163}}}{\insrsid12807907 
; the other, at Dernedale}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
}{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 7,14}}}{\insrsid12807907 , adjacent to Adam's manor of Fanscombe}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 5,163}}}{\insrsid12807907 , was a tenant of the abbot of Canterbury, who accommodated other tenants of Bisho
p Odo with grants of land. Although Adam's Honour fragmented, the descent of a handful of these manors identifies him as Adam son of Hubert, though there can be little doubt that he held all of them: }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 Farrer, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 Honors}{\insrsid12807907 , iii. 182, 190-91, 197-99, 227, 287, 292-93. He is possibly also the Adam who held two manors from the bishop of Lincoln in Lincolnshire.
\par \tab Adam's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 602)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  123, apart from a subholding on his manor of Bowley}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 5,74}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, attributed to a tenant of the bishop of Ely at Hatfield in Hertfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 8,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  named in the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14106742 Inquisitio Eliensis}{\insrsid12807907 
 (ed. Hamilton, pp. 125, 182), where he is variously described as Adam son of Robert William, Adam son of Robert son of William, and Adam son of William (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid530149 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  no. 925). Th
e entry for Bowley is ambiguous, and Bishop Odo had a tenant in Kent named }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3810303 William son of Robert}{\insrsid12807907 
; but it seems unlikely that Odo had two tenants named Adam on a single manor when there was probably at most only one other tenant of that name in Domesday Boo
k. If the identification is accepted, however, a case could be made for attributing all the Hertfordshire manors to this Adam, since they descended as a group and included another Adam son of William among their descendants:}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid530149  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 Farrer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 Honors}{\insrsid12807907 , iii. 293-95.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3810303 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ADELELM.}{\insrsid12807907  Adelelm is a comparatively rare name which occurs fifteen times, distributed among nine counties on the lands of eight tenants-in-chief; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16476931 Alelm}{
\insrsid12807907  at Waxholme in Yorkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 14E17}}}{\insrsid12807907  may be a scribal error for Adelelm. All but one these names are borne by landowners in 1086 so probably represent the Old German }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4156105 Adalhelm}{\insrsid12807907 ; the exception}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 9,11}}}{\insrsid12807907  may derive from the Old English Aethelh
elm (which is translated accordingly), though von Feilitzen suggests otherwise. Aelm in Cornwall}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 5,1,15}}}{\insrsid12807907  may be an abbreviated form: von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12721020 
Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 184.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ADELELM [* OF BURGATE *]. Adelelm}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 tenant of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Aubrey de Vere }{\insrsid12807907 on}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 the very valuable manor of Burgate in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 35,5}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is named Adelelm of Burgate in a royal charter of 1111 and in the Abingdon chronicle, where his d}{\insrsid12807907 
onation to the church of Colne - }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 a cell of }{\insrsid12807907 the abbey -}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and arrangements for his burial there are recorded: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Regesta}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , ii. no. 100; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Historia Ecclesie Abbendonensis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , ii. 88-89. Colne is one of Aubrey's manors in Essex}{\insrsid12807907 .}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 Adelelm}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 is }{\insrsid12807907 almost certainly}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Aubrey's tenant on a second holding in Burgate, and one in Gislingham stated to be held by the same man}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUF 35,7-8}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . He is probably also the Adelelm who held Horseham Hall and Helions Bumpstead in Essex from Aubrey}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 35,7;12}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{
\insrsid12807907 the latter }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 another valuable manor. No other Adelelms held land in these two counties, and Aubrey had no tenants of this name elsewhere}{\insrsid12807907  on his Honour}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. Adelelm's manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 902) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 124, }{\insrsid12807907 
apart from Gislingham, assigned to the tenant-in-chief. Dr Keats-Rohan}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  sugg}{\insrsid12807907 ests}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 that Adelelm}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 may have been Aubrey's steward.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par ................................................................................................................................................................
\par ADELELM <OF HOBY>. Adelelm}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  who held Hoby in Leicestershire from Drogo of la Beuvri\'e8re}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 36,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  may be the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Alelm}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  who held Waxholme in Yorkshire from him}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 YKS}{\insrsid12807907 
 14E17}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . The form }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Alelm}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  appears to be }{\insrsid12807907 otherwise }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 unknown. Adelelm has no links with his name}{
\insrsid12807907 sakes}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . His manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 8723) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 124.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par ................................................................................................................................................................
\par ADELELM [* OF KINGSTON *]. Adelelm}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  who held Kingston Bagpuize in Berkshire from William son of Ansculf}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 22,12}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is identified by this byname in the Abingdon chronicle, which names him as one of the two 'foremost lords' of Kingston whose misdeeds brought upon them an episcopal threat of the suspension of worship in Kin
gston if they failed to make amends: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Historia Ecclesie Abbendonensis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , ii. 42-43, 176-79. He has no links with other Adelelms. His manor is recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 1570) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 124.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par ................................................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ADELULF. }{\insrsid12807907 Adelulf is a rare name which occurs fifteen times, distributed among three counties: once in Kent, twice in Cambridgeshire, the rem
ainder in Essex, tenants of three tenants-in-chief, one in each county.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ADELULF <OF CROXTON>. As the name is rare, the Adelulfs who held Litlington and Croxton in Cambridgeshire from Hardwin of Scales}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 CAM 26,23}{
\insrsid12807907 ;43}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  are }{\insrsid12807907 very }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 probably one man. He is unlikely to be Adelulf of Marck}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Litlington }{
\insrsid12807907 being}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  held 'at a revenue', an }{\insrsid12807907 improbable}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 tenure}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  for an honorial baron. Like Adelulf of Mar
ck, Adelulf of Croxton }{\insrsid12807907 was}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  probably a Fleming}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  a charter cited by Dr Keats-Rohan refer}{\insrsid12807907 ring}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 to land at Croxton held by an }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Elwoldus Flammang}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , grandfather of the wife of the tenant in 1166}{\insrsid12807907  and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 perhaps the Domesday tenant himself. His manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 1753) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, p. 125}{\insrsid12807907 ; see further Round, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7747474 Studies in peerage and history}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 156-57}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par ................................................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ADELULF [* OF MARCK *]. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14246536 Adelulf}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14246536  }{\insrsid12807907 who held ten manors from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14246536 Count Eustace}{
\insrsid12807907  of Boulogne in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14246536 20,13;22;24;29;54;57-58;68-69;79}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14246536 Adelulf of Marck}{\insrsid12807907 
, named as his tenant at Dunmow and Steeple Bumpstead}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 20,15;27}}}{\insrsid12807907 . He is the only }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14246536 Adelulf}{\insrsid12807907  in Essex or East Anglia. All but two 
of his manors were later held by the Marck family, the exceptions - Tolleshunt and Goldhanger}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 20,57-58}}}{\insrsid12807907  - having been alienated to the abbey of St Albans: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14246536 Book of Fees}{
\insrsid12807907 , pp. 236-37, 1428-29. Adelulf's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1182265  manor}{\insrsid12807907 s are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 679)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{
\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  125.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par ADELULF <}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OF }{\insrsid12807907 WYE>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Adelulf, who held two-thirds of a sulung which paid 12d in the manor of Wye in Kent}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{
\insrsid12807907 from Battle abbey}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 6,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , has no links with other Adelulfs. He is identified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 183) as Aethelwold the chamberlain}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14246536 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ) of the bishop of Bayeux, referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  125. The identification assumes a scribal error - }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14246536 Adelold}{\insrsid12807907  for }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14246536 Adelulf}{\insrsid12807907 
 - which is possible but unverifiable.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2122978 ADELUND <OF NEWTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 The Adelunds (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2122978 Aelons}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2122978 Adelund}{\insrsid12807907 ) who held Newton, Ha
rleston, Felsham and Euston in Suffolk from the abbey of St Edmunds}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2122978 14,32;36;58;98}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are certainly one man, said to be so in the Feudal Book of Abbot Baldwin which groups his manors together; he is the only Adelund in Domesday Book: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1969349 Feudal documents}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 21. His manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 2050)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 125, under the form Adelo used in the Feudal Book, a name which occurs once more in Domesday Book, at Skellow in Yorkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2122978 YKS 9}{\insrsid12807907 W}
{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2122978 39}}}{\insrsid12807907 , but is unlikely to belong to the same man. Dr Keats-Rohan points out that the Kalendar of Abbot Sampson shows that Adelund's estate had divided by the 1180s.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2122978 

\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8264007 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2122978 .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 AEFIC. The name Aefic occurs six times, }{\insrsid12807907 once in Wiltshire, twice in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Huntingdonshire }{\insrsid12807907 
and three times in Derbyshire, predecessors of different tenants-in-chief - two in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Huntingdonshire }{\insrsid12807907 - in each county.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 AEFIC <OF ASHE>. As the name is rare, the Aefics who preceded Henry of Ferrers at Ashe, Trusley and Hollington in Derbyshire are }{\insrsid12807907 very probably one man,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  his manors }{
\insrsid12807907 lying}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  in neighb}{\insrsid12807907 ouring vills in the Hundred of '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Appletree', }{\insrsid12807907 two of them}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  held with an Ulfkil}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
DBY 6,37-38;42}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907  He has no links with his namesakes outside the county.
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par ................................................................................................................................................................
\par AEFIC <OF CATWORTH>. As the name is rare, the Aefics }{\insrsid12807907 who held two manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 in }{\insrsid12807907 Catworth in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Huntingdonshire are }{\insrsid12807907 almost certainly}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 one}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  man, though a predecessor of }{\insrsid12807907 two}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  tenants-in-chief}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 HUN 19,12}{
\insrsid12807907 . 29,3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907  He has no links with his namesakes outside the county.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 AEFIC <OF WISHFORD>. }{\insrsid12807907 Aefic,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 whose manor of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Wishford in Wiltshire }{\insrsid12807907 
was acquired by William Cornelian}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 68,32}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 has no links with his namesakes, all remote}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 AELBERT. The English name Aelbert is rare, as is the continental Albert if Albert of Lorraine and Albert Grelley are excluded. The forms are not always distinguishable; }{\insrsid12807907 where they are, }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 the translation renders English landowners Aelbert}{\insrsid12807907 ;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  continental}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 Albert. Aelbert occurs six times in Domesday Book and twice more in satellite texts, }{\insrsid12807907 distributed among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  four counties, three fiefs and the town of Colchester.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 AELBERT <OF BURTHY>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, t}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 he Aelbert}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Ailbriht}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Ailbric}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ) from whom Richard son of Turolf acquired the two modest holdings }{\insrsid12807907 at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 Burthy and Lanescot in Cornwall}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 5,3,16-17}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  is }{\insrsid12807907 probably one man}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 He has no links with other }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Aelbert}{
\insrsid12807907 s, none occurring within almost a hundred miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 AELBERT <OF COLCHESTER>. Aelbert (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Ailbriest}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 )}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held a house in Colchester}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
ESS B3a}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the only urban Aelbert and the only }{\insrsid12807907 survivor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  this name.}{\insrsid12807907  He is unidentified in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 5814).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 AELBERT <OF QUARME>. Aelbert (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Ailbrict}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 )}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who}{\insrsid12807907 se modest manor}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  at Quarme in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 43,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  was acquired by Godebold the bowman (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid882754 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ),}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 
has no links with other Aelberts, none occurring within almost a hundred miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 AELBERT [* THE STEWARD *]. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 As the name is rare, the }{\insrsid12807907 Albert}{\i\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907 and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Aelberts (}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Ailbertus}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ) who held land in the neighbouring vills of Impington, Milton and Waterbeach in Cambridgeshire from the abbey of Ely in 1066 }{\insrsid12807907 according 
to Domesday Book and the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Inquisitio Eliensis}{\insrsid12807907  (ed. Hamilton}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 113-14}{\insrsid12807907 ) }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 are }{\insrsid12807907 very }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 probably one man}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  the abb}{\insrsid12807907 ey}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 's steward }{\insrsid12807907 named at Milton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 32,36-37;39}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907  At Waterbeach}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 32,39}}}{\insrsid12807907 , the scribe renders the name of the abbot of Ely's man in 1066 as Albert (}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Albertus}{\i\insrsid12807907 )}{\insrsid12807907 , but it is improbable he is another man than the abbey's steward.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2513720 AELEVA. Aeleva is an uncommon name which occurs eleven times, }{\insrsid12807907 distributed among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2513720  seven}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2582754 counties and the}{
\insrsid12807907  lands of the king and nine of his tenants-in-chief. It is easily confused with Aelfeva: von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12721020 Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 173-74, 183.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2513720 AELEVA}{\insrsid12807907  <OF KNOYLE>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2513720 . }{\insrsid12807907 The Aelevas of Berkshire and Wiltshire may be one woman. She held the very valuable manors of East Knoyle in Wiltshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
WIL 1,20}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Basildon in Berkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 1,8}}}{\insrsid12807907 , both conferred b
y the Conqueror on his principal lieutenant, Earl William son of Osbern, and subsequently retained by the king himself. She is probably also the Aeleva on the valuable manor of Aston }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2513720 Upthorpe}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2513720 BRK 61,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 , which lies between Basildon and its urban holdings in Wallingf
ord, a few miles from either; it was acquired by Reinbald the chancellor. The one other Aeleva in the two counties, who held part of the huge manor of Chalke from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2513720 Wilton}{\insrsid12807907  abbey}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
WIL 13,9}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is likely to be a lady of influence in the region, who can only be Aeleva of K
noyle. No other Aelevas in Domesday Book held manors worth even a tenth of the two royal manors she held, nor did any Aelfevas in the two counties. Aelfevas held manors in Hampshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 64,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Oxfordshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
OXF 26,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  sufficiently valuable to form the whole fief in the latter case and the greater part in the former; but there are no links to connect Aeleva and Aelfeva. Aeleva of Knoyle's manors are worth \'a365. If included in Clarke, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2513720 English nobility}{\insrsid12807907 , she would rank}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 fifty}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 -}{\insrsid12807907 eighth}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 in wealth among untitled laymen}{\insrsid12807907 .}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2513720 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8475108 AELFEVA. Aelfeva is a fairly common }{\insrsid12807907 name which occurs}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8475108  more than sixty times}{\insrsid12807907 , distributed among twenty-five counties and the land
s of the king and more than thirty of his tenants-in-chief. It is largely confined to England south of the Wash, and thinly spread, the majority of counties having a single name, no tenants-in-chief having significant numbers of tenants or predecessors. T
here are small clusters in Devon and East Anglia, and five survivors, one in Suffolk, two each in Devon and Middlesex. The name is easily confused with Aeleva: von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12721020 Pre-Conquest personal names}{
\insrsid12807907 , pp. 173-74, 183.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par [* COUNTESS *] }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 AELFEVA}{\insrsid12807907 . Aelfeva, Morcar's mother, who held Warkton in Northamptonshire before the Conquest}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid487862 NTH 8,13}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , is almost certainly Countess Aelfeva, wi
fe of Earl Algar of Mercia and mother of earls Edwin and Morcar, despite the omission of her title and that of her son. She is elsewhere referred to either as Countess Aelfeva or as Earl Morcar's mother, with or without her forename. She had jurisdiction 
and market rights in Nottinghamshire and held land or property in Hertfordshire, Leicestershire and Suffolk, and 'used to hold' }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid487862 Shalford}{\insrsid12807907  in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS B3j. 1,11}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, and Coton-in-the-Elms in Derbyshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid487862 DBY 3,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 , both in the hands of her husband in Domesday: }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11432823 Bates, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11432823 
Regesta}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11432823 , no. 33, p. 194. }{\insrsid12807907 It is also likely that she was the predecessor of William of Warenne on the valuable manors of Wilton and Rising and several others in Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 8,24-25;34-36;87}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , though described simply as a free woman on one of them but not at all elsewhere. Her husband had been earl of East Anglia, and Warenne succeeded him on manors in Essex and Cambridgeshire. Aelfeva's manors, worth \'a3
17 in total, are the only manors held by an Aelfeva in East Anglia worth \'a31 or more which the Countess did not hold in 1066. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11432823 A list of }{\insrsid12807907 her}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11432823  manors i
s given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11432823 English nobility, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11432823 pp. 219}{\insrsid12807907 , and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11432823  }{\insrsid12807907 by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11432823 Baxter, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11432823 Earls of Mercia}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11432823 , pp. 290-91, 299, 310, 312-14}{\insrsid12807907 . Dr Clarke does not include the Norfolk manors; Dr Baxter does, his total for the Countess (\'a3
84) being similar to that in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11432823  the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11432823 Statistics}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11432823  database; if Shalford and Coton }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11432823 
 included, this would }{\insrsid12807907 add another \'a314}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11432823 .}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid487862 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 AELFEVA [* WIFE OF HWAETMANN *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Aelfeva, who held 
a half-hide of the king's alms land at Greenford in Middlesex in 1086, is probably the wife of Hwaetmann of London named in the preceding entry, with another half-hide of alms land in 'Elthorne' Hundred}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab MDX 25,2-3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, both acquired from men of Earl Leofwin. The three other survivors of this name held land in Devon or Suffolk; no Aelfeva held land in Middlesex. Aelfeva's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 450)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  126.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2311077 AEL}{\insrsid12807907 F}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2311077 GYTH. }{\insrsid12807907 The name }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2311077 Ael}{\insrsid12807907 f}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2311077 gyth}{\insrsid12807907 
 occurs four times, once each in Somerset, Buckinghamshire, Essex and Suffolk, each on the lands of a different tenant-in-chief. The }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2311077 Ael}{\insrsid12807907 f}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2311077 gyth }{\insrsid12807907 
in Essex is the one survivor, identified as an Englishwoman in the text. The name is easily confused with }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2311077 Aelgyth}{\insrsid12807907 
 or Aethelgyth, but their distribution make it unlikely they are connected with the Aelfgyths.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4984231 AELFGYTH}{\insrsid12807907  [* MOTHER OF GODWIN *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4984231 . }{\insrsid12807907 Aelfgyth, whose two hides at Oakley in Buckinghamshire were acquired by Robert d'Oilly}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid15280851 BUK 19,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is probably the mother of Godwin son of Aelfgyth (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15280851 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
), a man of Wigot of Wallingford, predecessor and probably son-in-law of Robert d'Oilly: Williams, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15280851 World before Domesday}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 120, 206 and note 151. In addition to her two hides, Aelfgyth, 'a girl', held half-a-hide of King Edward's household revenue - probably in Brill}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 1,6}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 - 'which Godric the sheriff assigned to her for as long as he should be sheriff, so that she might teach his daughter gold embroidery'.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15280851 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4984231 
\par AELFGYTH}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4984231 <OF CLATWORTHY>. }{\insrsid12807907 Aelfgyth, who held the respectable manor of Clatworthy in Somerset from Glastonbury abbey in 1066}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14691092 SOM 25,8}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , has no links with her namesakes, all remote}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4984231 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4984231 
\par AELFGYTH}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4984231 <OF HARGRAVE>. }{\insrsid12807907 Aelfgyth, who held the substantial manor of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1321473 Hargrave}{\insrsid12807907 
 in Suffolk from the abbey of Bury St Edmunds in 1066}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14691092  }{\insrsid12807907 54,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 , has no links with her namesakes, all remote}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4984231 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4984231 
\par AELFGYTH}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4984231 <OF SUTTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 Aelfgyth (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14691092 Aluid}{\insrsid12807907 ), who held a modest manor at Hargrave in Essex from Swein of Essex}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
ESS 24,35}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is the only surviving Aelfgyth; she has no links with her namesakes, all remote}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4984231 .}{\insrsid12807907  Her manor is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 1859)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  139.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4984231 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 AELFRIC [* BLAEC *]. It is probable that Aelfric, archbishop Stigand's man, who held land at Shephall in Hertfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 2,3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , is Aelfric Blaec
}{\insrsid12807907  since}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  it is recorded at Datchworth, one of the four entries where he is accorded this byname}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 2,1-2;5. 37,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, that he held it from Westminster abbey before the Conquest, 'but for other lands he was Archbishop Stigand's man'. Although his name is common, he was a modestly substantial landowner, so it is not unlikely that his
 'other lands' included some if not all of the}{\insrsid12807907  manors in Norfolk held by Aelfric, a free man}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  of Stigand, holding from or under the archbishop}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 N}{\insrsid12807907 
FK 1,2. 6,6. 9,49. 29,5-6. 35,6}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Most were respectable holdings, two comparable to those in Hertfordshire, each within a few }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  of one of the 
more modest holdings, while on the remaining manor, at Mundham, he was important enough to be outlawed. Stigand had no men of this name elsewhere.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 AELFRIC [* KEMP *]. Aelfric Kemp is }{\insrsid12807907 recorded}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  in Domesday Book or the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 (ed. Hamilton, pp. 37-39, 43-44) as }{\insrsid12807907 preceding}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Eudo the steward in Cambridgeshire and Suffolk}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Robert Gernon in Cambr
idgeshire and Essex}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Ralph Baynard in the same county}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Roger of Rames in Essex and Suffolk, and the bishop of Bayeux and Richard son of Gilbert in th
}{\insrsid12807907 e latter}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  county. He is }{\insrsid12807907 specifically named}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  as the predecessor of Eudo }{\insrsid12807907 on the fief of the bishop of Bayeux at }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid4684419 Raydon}{\insrsid12807907  in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13188377 SUF 16,41}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
; but Robert, Ralph and Roger also acquired valuable demesne manors from him. He may therefore be the unidentified Aelfric who preceded Gernon at Wivenhoe in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 32,25}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, and Baynard at Barn Hall and Lawford in the same county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 33,8;17}}}{\insrsid12807907 , all three respectable or substantial manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . It is possible, even probable, that he is Aelfric }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 cilt}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , recorded as a predecessor of Robert Gernon }{\insrsid12807907 at Matching }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 32,6}}}{\insrsid12807907  and as }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 an overlord in Pampisford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 32,3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , where }{\insrsid12807907 Aelfric }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Kemp also had a man}{\insrsid12807907  and held the adjacent manors of Ba
braham and Sawston}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13188377 CAM 25,}{\insrsid12807907 1-3}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; the noble Aelfric was otherwise poorly endowed}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Similarly, he may be the royal thane Aelfric recorded }{
\insrsid12807907 on the valuable manor of Arrington }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 in Cambridgeshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13188377 CAM 13,11}}}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 and }{\insrsid12807907 at Parham in }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13188377 SUF 3,88}}}{\insrsid12807907 .}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Whether Aelfric }{\insrsid12807907 the noble in Cambridgeshire and Suffolk }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 is the same Aelfric the noble recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Exon.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 as a predecessor of the bishop of Coutances at Portishead in Somerset, or the Aelfrics on several other substantial episcopal manors in the county, is impossible to verify}{\insrsid12807907 , but seems unlikely in the absence of }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid16607924 identifiable intervening properties, though Eudo did have a predecessor Aelfric at 'Losfield' in Berkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 32,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and a royal thane Aelfric had two fairly substantial manors in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 43,5;10}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16607924 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Eudo the steward}{\insrsid12807907  was preceded at }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13188377 Radwinter}{\insrsid12807907  and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13188377 Arkesden}{\insrsid12807907  in Essex}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
ESS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13188377 25,24}{\insrsid12807907 ;26}}}{\insrsid12807907  by Aelfric Wand, who is almost certainly the Aelfric Wand who had the management of the huge royal manor of East Bergholt in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 1,100-106}}}{
\insrsid12807907  and who appears from an account of disputed revenues in one entry}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 1,103}}}{\insrsid12807907  to be the same man as Aelfric the reeve on other royal manors in the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 1,17;23-30;60}}}{
\insrsid12807907 . Although the entry is ambiguous and name is common, two surviving Aelfrics on the one royal fief with the capacity to wield such responsibility is improbable. On similar grounds, the reeve Alric managing another group of manors
 on the same royal fief}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 1,44-60}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 may also be Aelfric Wand: the scribes often confused the two names and there are no other royal reeves of either name in Domesday Book. Eudo, however, was represented among the jurors in Cambridgeshire at the Domesday Inquest by a 
reeve Aelfric who is surely his predecessor Aelfric Wand}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13188377 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13188377 Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13188377  (ed. Hamilton, pp. 83, 99). Eudo had no}{
\insrsid12807907  tenant named Aelfric in Cambridgeshire, and indeed there are no Aelfrics in the relevant Hundred of Longstowe. Neither ca
n Aelfric Wand be identified as a landowner in 1086, though he no doubt extracted a profit from the management of the royal manors.
\par \tab Are Aelfric Kemp and Aelfric Wand also the same man? The forename is very common but the coincidences are striking: both ar
e predecessors of Eudo the steward; both held valuable manors; both had a significant presence in Cambridgeshire, Essex and Suffolk; and neither held land in their own right in 1086, though in Kemp's case it cannot be demonstrated that he survived until t
hen unless he is identified as Aelfric Wand/the reeve. On balance, the identification seems more likely than not. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 A list of }{\insrsid12807907 Aelfric Kemp's }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 manors is given by Clarke, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 English nobility, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 pp. 227-28; see also Mortimer, 'The Baynards of Baynard's Castle', pp. 247-48. }{\insrsid12807907 Dr Clarke}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 does not connect Kemp with Aelfric }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 cilt}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 or Aelfric Wand or the reeve }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 but otherwise attributes to him the manors }{\insrsid12807907 
named}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  above, apart from the addition of Southill in Bedfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 21,8}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , acquired by Eudo. Though possible, this is doubtful since the
 property is tiny and its owner named Alric}{\insrsid12807907  and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 there is no compelling reason to posit an error in this case. Aelfric is ranked forty-fifth in wealth among untitled laymen by }{\insrsid12807907 
Dr Clarke; the addition of Wand's manors would raise him two places, Arrington and Parham another three}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 AELFRIC <OF BRADBOURNE>. Although Aelfric is a common name, it is likely that all thirteen manors acquired by Henry of Ferrers from Aelfric in Derbyshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 DBY 6,}{\insrsid12807907 
6;13;16;18;20;22-23;44;53;94;98}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and Leicestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 14,28;30}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  were held by one man. Apart from a priest, only one }{\insrsid12807907 more}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Aelfric held land in either }{\insrsid12807907 county}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , at Caldwell in Derbyshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 3,6}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, and he may be the same Aelfric }{\insrsid12807907 since}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Caldwell lies within a few }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  of}{\insrsid12807907  several of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{
\insrsid12807907 the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 other holdings and may have escaped the grasp of Henry of Ferrers only because the king granted it to Burton abbey. The Leicestershire holdings are just across the boundary from those in Derbyshire, Stretton being div
ided by the county boundary. Aelfric held land in Stretton in both counties, sharing the Leicestershire holding with a Leofnoth, probably the Leofnoth }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Sterre}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ) with whom he }{\insrsid12807907 also }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 shared land in Snelston. The skewed }{\insrsid12807907 tenurial }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
distribution of the Aelfrics in these counties cannot be explained by }{\insrsid12807907 Dr}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Fleming's thesis on the block grant of Hundreds and wapentakes}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{
\insrsid12807907 because}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Aelfric's holdings are distributed across much of Derbyshire, the bulk of them lying outside Appletree wapentake, where Henry of Ferrers was dominant: Fleming, }
{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Kings and lords}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 149, 151-52, 163-65. }{\insrsid12807907 
If anything, the Fleming thesis tends to suggest that Henry acquired Aelfric's lands before redistribution by wapentakes began. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Henry had no other predecessors }{\insrsid12807907 - and no tenants - }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 of this name}{\insrsid12807907  elsewhere on his Honour}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 AELFRIC <OF COLWICK>. With one possible exception, it is likely that the Aelfrics who hel
d ten manors among the royal thanes of Nottinghamshire are one man. The ten form a close group in the neighbouring wapentakes of Broxtowe and Thurgarton. In six, Aelfric held the same manor for twenty years}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 30,8;10;13;27;34;50}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , and in two others the land he held in 1066 had no named holder in 1086, so may have been his }{\insrsid12807907 then also}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 30,28-29}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. His ninth manor, at Nuthall}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 30,32}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , was acquired after 1066. Only one other Aelfric in circuit six held land in 1086, and none north of the Wash held the same manor at both dates. The tenth}{\insrsid12807907 
 Aelfric}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , and the possible exception, held }{\insrsid12807907 '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Sutton }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4535140 Passeys}{\insrsid12807907 ' }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 in 1066}{
\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and possibly in 1086 also}{\insrsid12807907  since}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 no tenant is named. This entry is misplaced, Aelfric being a predecessor of William Peverel rather than a royal thane, and Aelfric may }{\insrsid12807907 in any case }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 be a scribal error for 
Aelric, perhaps Peverel's predecessor and tenant on several manors, Aelric of Greasley (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
). Finally, it is possible that Aelfric of Colwick is the Aelfric who held land in Radford and Bramcote before the Conquest}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 10,15. 29,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. Both lie in Broxtowe wapentake, close to those of Aelfric of Colwick; but the name is common, and there are no specific links. All }{\insrsid12807907 Aelfrics and Aelrics}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  are unidentified in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (nos. 35610, 35616, 35636, 35638, 35655), apart from the tenant at Kirkby}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 27}}}{\insrsid12807907 , who is omitted}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid212225 AELFRIC <OF }{\insrsid12807907 GRAVENHUNGER}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid212225 >. }{\insrsid12807907 The four Aelfrics in Cheshire may be one man. Three - at }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12212814 Stapeley}{\insrsid12807907 , 
}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12212814 Chorley}{\insrsid12807907  and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12212814 Baddiley}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 8,34;39-40}}}{\insrsid12807907  - preceded William Mal
bank in the same Hundred, while the manor of the fourth Aelfric, a predecessor of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12212814 Robert son of Hugh}{\insrsid12807907  at }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12212814 Burwardsley}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 2,21}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, lies seven miles from Chorley. Aelfric may also be the Alric who preceded William Malbank at Worleston}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 8,29}}}{\insrsid12807907 . He is the only Alric in the count
y, and the two names are demonstrably confused by the Domesday scribe on a number of occasions. Finally, he may be Malbank's predecessor at }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12212814 Gravenhunger}{\insrsid12807907  in Shropshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,15,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, the one other Aelfric (or Alric) on his Honour: }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid488012 Sawyer}{\insrsid12807907  and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid488012  Thacker. '}{\insrsid12807907 Domesday survey of Cheshire'}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid488012 , }{
\insrsid12807907 p. 320. All five manors are of similar, modest status.
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12212814 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 AELFRIC [* OF KEYNSHAM *]. Aelfric, who held a hide on the royal manor of Keynsham in 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 1,28}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, is named Aelfric of Keynsham in the Geld Roll for Keynsham Hundred: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 VCH Somerset}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , i. 527-28. His forename is so common he cannot be identified with other Aelfrics. There are eight }{
\insrsid12807907 other survivors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 among the tenants in Somerset alone, four with different bynames. Of these, Aelfric of Stowey, named in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Exon.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 at Chew Magna, is }{\insrsid12807907 seven miles from}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Keynsham}{\insrsid12807907 . The Domesday }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Stowey}{\insrsid12807907 s are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  more than forty }{
\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  away}{\insrsid12807907 , though Aelfric may have come from another Stowey, near Bishop Sutton, also seven miles from Keynsham; but t}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
here are no links to connect these survivors. }{\insrsid12807907 As bynames in the Geld Rolls are frequently localised, it is not impossible he is the same man as Aelfric Small of Hampshire, who held part of the royal manor of Ma
rtock and survived on manors in another counties; but there are no links to confirm this. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Aelfric's manor is recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 (no. 2086) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 145.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6190565 AELFRIC [* OF MELKSHAM *]. The Aelfric}{\insrsid12807907 s who held Monkton Farleigh and Whaddon among the royal thanes of Wiltshire in 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 67,16-17}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 may be Aelfric of Melksham, the thane at }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Wilsford, the preceding entry, the scribe omitting - as he often did - an 'also'. Wilsford and Monkton had the same predecessor, and Whaddon is }{\insrsid12807907 two}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  downstream from }{\insrsid12807907 Melksham (where no Aelfric is recorded). The following four entries were held by Aelfric Small, named perhaps t
o distinguish him from Aelfric of Melksham, though since bynames in the Geld Rolls are frequently localised, it is not impossible he is Aelfric Small; but there are no links to confirm this. Aelfric held Whaddon for twenty years, as did Aelfric Small outs
ide the county. Aelfric's manor of Wilsford is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 678)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced
}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  145; the other two tenants are unidentified (nos. 17129-30).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 AELFRIC [* OF THATCHAM *]. Aelfric, who 'bore witness' concerning a hide in the royal manor of Hendred in Berkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 21,17}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, is Aelfric of Thatcham, named }{\insrsid12807907 i}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 n the entry for the royal manor itself}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4994756 BRK 1,38}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Four Aelfrics held land in Berkshire in 1086, two at Windsor, and one each at Boxford and Swallowfield}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 BR}{\insrsid12807907 
K 1,1. 54,2. 64,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , none with links to Hendred and none nearby, the royal manor at Windsor being furthest removed, on the other side of the county. No Aelfric is recorded at That
cham itself. Aelfric at Hendred is recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 741) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 146; the oth}{
\insrsid12807907 ers are unidentified (nos. 662-}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 63, 1025, 1054).
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 AELFRIC [* SMALL *]. Aelfric, }{\insrsid12807907 t}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 he royal thane who held Cainhoe in Bedfordshire}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 is almost certainly the royal thane Aelfric Small in the adjacent vill of Silsoe}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 BDF 2}{\insrsid12807907 4,15}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 and the Aelfric Small whose men held land in Streatley and Chells in Hertfordshire, all before the Conquest. It is }{\insrsid12807907 improbable he}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is the same man as Aelfric Small }{\insrsid12807907 of}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Hampshire}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 AELFRIC [* SMALL *]}{\insrsid12807907  OF HAMPSHIRE}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 
Although the name is very common, it is likely that most if not all Aelfrics in Hampshire are Aelfric Small, named as such among the king's thanes in Hampshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 69,53. NF9,20}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Wiltshire in 1086}
{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
WIL 67,18-21}}}{\insrsid12807907  and on the royal manor of Martock in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 1,27}}}{\insrsid12807907 , where he is further identified as Aelfric of Hampshire in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7817144 Exon}{
\insrsid12807907 , a designation which suggests he is a significant landowner in that county. Aelfric is also given his byname at }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7817144 Througham}{\insrsid12807907  in the New Forest, which he held 'jointly' in 1066}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
HAM NF9,21}}}{\insrsid12807907 , another part of the vill being held jointly by a man with the rare name of Wihtlac (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7021621 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ), a relationship which identifies Aelfric holding jointly with Wihtlac at }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7817144 Oxelei}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7817144  }{\insrsid12807907 in the New Forest}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM NF9,33}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Yarmouth and Yafford on the Isle of Wight}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM IoW9,16;23}}}{\insrsid12807907  and also as 
Aelfric the doctor who shared meadow with Wihtlac at an anonymous location in the Forest}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM NF9,12}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Four of Wihtlac's manors were acquired by Hugh of Port and his tenant Hugh of St Quentin, so Hugh of Port's predecessor at Bramley and Stratfield Turgis is likely to be Aelfric Small}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7021621 23,5}{
\insrsid12807907 ;38}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, a likelihood increased by the fact that Aelfric held Stratfield Turgis for two decades, Aelfric Small being the only Aelfric in the county known to survive on the same manors during that period. Aelfric Small may also have held the near
by manors of Hartley Westpall and Stratfield Saye}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 68,9. 69,11-12}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, a mile or so either side of Stratfield Turgis, both held by one man. It is not unlikely that he is also the predecessor of Earl Roger of Shrewsbury at Preston Candover}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 21,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, the most valuable manor held by an Aelfric in the county. Earl Roger was probably his successor elsewhere (below), and Aelfric Small can be identified as the Aelfric holding the remaining manors in the county worth more than \'a3
2. His designation as Aelfric of Hampshire is thus easy to understand.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7021621 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3343846 Aelfric h}{\insrsid12807907 eld several manors for two decades, so it is likely that Aelfrics who held }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7817144 Wigarestun}{\insrsid12807907 
 and Pilley for the same period in the same Hundred as Througham are also Aelfric Small}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM NF9,18;27}}}{\insrsid12807907 . The Aelfric who held Milford and 'also' other manors in the New 
Forest in 1086, one of them being held since 1066}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM NF9,40-44}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is identified as Aelfric Small in a document concerning the foundation of Milford church: Blair, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7817144 
Church in Anglo-Saxon society}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 517-18. On one of these manors - Brockenhurst}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM NF9,44}}}{\insrsid12807907  - he succeeded his unname
d father and uncle, which suggests he may be the Alric who succeeded an unnamed father and uncle on an anonymous holding in Redbridge Hundred}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 69,38}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7817144 : Williams, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7817144 World before Domesday}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7817144 , pp. 101-104, 197.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par \tab Aelfric acquired Milford by exchange. It was previously held by a Saewulf, who is perhaps the Saewulf who shared Battramsley with an Aelfric in 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM NF9,24}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and held Ashley, two miles from an Aelfric at Barton in 1066}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 
{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM NF3,12}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Aelfric probably being Aelfric Small in both cases. Of the three remaining Aelfrics in the New Forest, the survivor on an anonymous holding in Boldre Hundred}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
HAM NF9,26}}}{\insrsid12807907 , where many of Aelfric Small's manors lay, is likely to be him also, as perhaps are the pre-Conquest lords of Hartford and Otterwood}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM NF9,1;6}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, both in Redbridge Hundred where Aelfric Small had two unnamed man
ors. The other five Aelfrics on the Isle of Wight are evidently one man, his manors devolving upon the two sons of Azur, each of whom had a manor in both Hampstead and Chilton, a fifth manor lying in Wolverton (HAM }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7817144 
IoW7,19-20. IoW8,10-12}{\insrsid12807907 ). As Chilton and W
olverton are two or three miles from Aelfric Small's manor of Yafford, and Hamstead four miles from another of his manors at Yarmouth, it is likely he held these too. Any or all of the remaining five Aelfrics in the county may have been Aelfric Small but 
there are no links to }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14370829 confirm an identification. }{\insrsid12807907 
Finally, it is not impossible that he is the same man as the survivors Aelfric of Keynsham and Aelfric of Melksham, though this cannot be confirmed. If the remaining identifications are valid, then Aelfric Sm
all was a substantial landowner, just failing to reach the \'a340 required for inclusion in Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10172684 English nobility}{\insrsid12807907 
. Though his losses after 1066 were considerable, he was still a prosperous landowner twenty years later, with manors valued at almost \'a315, a reflection perhaps of his usefulness to his new masters, as with many king's thanes. His}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14370829  tenancies in Wiltshire, Somerset and the two Hampshire manors where his byname is supplied are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14370829 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14370829  (no. 1274)}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14370829  the Aelfric who held Milford and the following manors }{\insrsid12807907 being}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14370829  identified as another man (no. 1907); }{\insrsid12807907 both are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14370829 
 referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14370829 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14370829 , p. 146}{\insrsid12807907 . A few}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14370829  }{\insrsid12807907 very minor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14370829 
 holdings are attributed to the king, the remaining Aelfrics being unidentified (nos. }{\insrsid12807907 6350, 6596-97, 6710, 6719-20, 6920, 6929).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 AELFRIC [* SON OF BRICTRIC *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Aelfric, who acquired }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6190565 Scepeworde}{\insrsid12807907  in Somerset from a Brictric}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 47,22}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is probably the Aelfric who succeeded his father on the valuable manor of West Lydford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 47,21}}}{\insrsid12807907  according to }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6717044 Exon.}{\insrsid12807907 . He is unidentified in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (nos. 15309-310).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 AELFRIC [* SON OF }{\insrsid12807907 BRUN}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  *]. }{\insrsid12807907 
Although Aelfric is a very common name and several different Aelfrics can be identified on the Honour of the bishop of Bayeux, it is likely that those who preceded him at Stonham and Ulverston in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 16,15;38}}}{\insrsid12807907  are Aelfric 
son of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1837889 Brun}{\insrsid12807907 , his predecessor at Creeting St Peter}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 16,11}}}{\insrsid12807907 . That Aelfric was under the patronage of Wihtgar }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16342809 son of Aelfric}{
\insrsid12807907  (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16342809 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ), as was Aelfric at Ulverston and probably also at Stonham, where the unnamed predecessor of Richard of Tonbridge who had the patronage
 of Aelfric is very probably Wihtgar, Richard's principle predecessor. At Stonham and Ulverston, Aelfric held alongside a Leofwin under the patronage of Edric of Laxfield: Williams, 'Meet the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16342809 antecessores'}{
\insrsid12807907 , pp. 280-81. His father was probably Brun the reeve (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10947187 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
), and Leofwin son of Brun may have been his brother. Between them, these are the only Bruns by forename or patronymic in East Anglia, so the two names Brun and }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10947187 Brune}{\insrsid12807907  in von Feilitzen, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10947187 Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 209, are equivalent, as perhaps elsewhere.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16342809 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 AELFRIC [* SON OF }{\insrsid12807907 EVERWACER?}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  *]. Aelfric}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  who }{\insrsid12807907 held a small subtenancy at Lamyatt on}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Glastonbury abbey}{\insrsid12807907 's manor of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Ditcheat in Somerset in 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 8,30}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  may be Aelfric son of }{\insrsid12807907 Everwacer}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , who held five virgates }{\insrsid12807907 from}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 Glastonbury}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Brent according to }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Exon.}{\cs23\i\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 8,33}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, the one other survivor of this name on the abbey's lands. }{\insrsid12807907 A king's thane, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Aelfric son of Brictric, }{\insrsid12807907 however, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 survived at Lydford, between two and }{
\insrsid12807907 seven}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  from Ditcheat and its dependencies; Brent is over twenty }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  away. }{
\insrsid12807907 Lamyatt and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Brent}{\insrsid12807907  are attributed to}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Alfric}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  son of Everwacer in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 2005) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 146.}{\insrsid12807907  Aelfric's father is
 probably Alwaker of Weare, the names Alwaker and Everwacer being almost certainly interchangeable in Domesday Book.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 AELFRIC [* SON OF GODRAM *]. Aelfric }{\insrsid12807907 is named as the brother of Aethelstan at Swaton}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 26,45}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{
\insrsid12807907 an entry }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 which }{\insrsid12807907 refers to Aelfric's jurisdiction over his brother in Haceby}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 57,18}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, a manor of Guy of Craon, who acquired }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 the bulk of }{\insrsid12807907 his}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  fief in Lincolnshire from Aethelstan}{\insrsid12807907  son of Godram (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16196228 
q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 )}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 Guy probably also obtained several other manors from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Aethelstan}{\insrsid12807907 
's brother, since Aelfric is a name which occurs disproportionately on his fief}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 57,15-18;21;29;33-35. CK53}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 his manors}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  intermixed with those of Aethelstan}{\insrsid12807907  but also }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 form}{\insrsid12807907 ing}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  a tight group of their own}{\insrsid12807907 . }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Kirton }{\insrsid12807907 alone lies}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  outside that group}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1050541 LIN 57,29}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 but}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is adjacent to Aethelstan's manors of Wyberton and Frampton. }{\insrsid12807907 
All the manors of the two brothers lie in Holland and Kesteven where no other Aelfrics or Aethelstans held land. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Although his name is common, therefore, it is likely that all }{\insrsid12807907 Aelfric}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 s on Guy's fief are Godram'}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  son. Between them, Aelfric and his brother provided almost two-thirds of Guy's Honour.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 AELFRIC SON OF WULFGEAT. }{\insrsid12807907 Alric? son of Wulfgeat, who held Easton Bavents and its dependencies in Suffolk under the patronage of Earl Harold}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 68,1-4}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, may be same man as Aelfric son of Wulfgeat, who held Seckford from the earl and Little Bealings - the same man - on his own account}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 16,2-3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. The scribes confused these names elsewhere.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 AELFRIC [* THE HUNTER *]. }{\insrsid12807907 
The Aelfrics who held land at 'Winterborne', Blackmanston, Combe and Bovington among the king's thanes in Dorset in both 1066 and 1086 are probably Aelfric the hunter, who owed tax in the relevant Hundreds}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 56,6;52;57;59-60;65}}}{\insrsid12807907 : }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6827295 VCH Dorset}{\insrsid12807907 , iii. 52-53, 134, 136-37, 142. He may also be the other survivor, the king's thane Aelfric at Crawford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 56,12}}}{\insrsid12807907 
; but perhaps not the Aelfric at Loders, who is more likely to be the predecessor of the Count of Mortain}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 26,42. 56,51}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Outside the county, Aelfric the hunter held North N
ewnton in Wiltshire in 1066 from the abbey of Wilton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 13,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 , where he was succeeded by Richard Sturmy. Dr Williams suggests he may be the Aelfric from whom Sturmy acquired Cowesfield, Burbage and Harding in the county}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
WIL 61,1. 68,4;6}}}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6827295 VCH Dorset}{\insrsid12807907 , iii. 53. Aelfric's manors at Blackmanston, Combe and Bovington, and one of the two in 'Winterborne', }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{
\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 1766)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  146. The tenant at Crawford and one at 'Winterborne'}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 56,6;12}}}{\insrsid12807907  are unidentified in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1728232 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (nos. 2983, 2989), which includes the Aelfric at Loders as an identification 'suggested' by the Geld Roll.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 AELFRIC }{\insrsid12807907 [* THE SHERIFF *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . The Huntingdonshire Claims prove that the Aelfric}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 from whom Aubrey de Vere acquired the two manors which constituted his fief in the county }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 one}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 man}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HUN 22,1-2}{\insrsid12807907 . D7}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 He was killed at the battle of Hastings}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HUN }{\insrsid12807907 D7}
}}{\insrsid12807907 , so is possibly Aelfric the sheriff, who does not appear to have survived t
he Conquest for long. He was succeeded in Huntingdon by his wife and sons, before they were displaced by Eustace the sheriff; and he resided on the royal manor of Keyston, paying the king's revenue from it 'and his sons after him, until Eustace received t
he sheriffdom'}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3014925 HUN }{\insrsid12807907 B10. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3014925 D20}}}{\insrsid12807907 . He is presumably also the sheriff of Cambridgeshire, Aelfric son of Godric}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM B14}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, who had been replaced by Picot by the early 1070s: Green, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3014925 English sheriffs}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 29, 48. There are no other sheriffs of this name. He may also be the one other Aelf
ric in Huntingdonshire, whose manor in Orton }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3014925 Longueville}{\insrsid12807907  was acquired by Eustace}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HUN 19,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 
; Picot was not preceded by an Aelfric anywhere on his Honour. According to the Huntingdonshire Claims, Aelfric held Yelling and Hemingford from Ramsey abbey during his lifeti
me in return for a promise to return them at his death 'with Boxted', which identifies him as the Aelfric whose valuable manor of Boxted in Essex was acquired by Count Eustace of Boulogne}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13113724 ESS 20,37}}}{
\insrsid12807907 . The Count also had an Aelfric Bicga and a thane Aelfric among his predecessors in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 20,41;69}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, the latter holding a particularly valuable manor at Lawford; but the name is a very common one and another important Aelfric - Aelfric Kemp - held manors in the same Hundred as Lawford and the Count had a tenant Aelfric - evidently 
not the sheriff - on another valuable manor who is another candidate as the Aelfric at Lawford.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13113724 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid212225 AELFRIC }{\insrsid12807907 [* UNCLE OF THORKIL *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid212225 . Most if not all Aelfrics in Warwickshire may be one man, the uncle of Thorkil of Warwick}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid212225  whose holdings have been largely reconstructed by Williams, 'A vice-comital family', pp. 283-86, 288, 291, 93-95. Some are identified by links with other family members, others by his tenurial status}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid212225  as the Aelfric holding land in Staffordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 17,5}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid212225  and Warwickshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid212225 WAR 17,32. 22,11;20;27}{
\insrsid12807907 . 44,9}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid212225  in 1086. Although three of the manors are attributed to an Aelric, these are likely to be scribal errors, the clearest case being at Flecknoe 
itself, a vill in which three of Aelfric's relatives held land. The other Aelrics are }{\insrsid12807907 both predecessor and tenant}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid212225  }{\insrsid12807907 - like Aelfric at Bubbenhall -}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid212225 
 of Robert of Stafford}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid212225 at Ilmington and Bearley}{\insrsid12807907 ; o}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid212225 ne of }{\insrsid12807907 Robert's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid212225 
 charters is attested by an Aelfric, along with Thorkil of Warwick and other members of his family}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid212225  but none by an Aelric: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid212225 Staffordshire chartulary}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid212225 , pp. 178-82. Robert also had a predecessor named Aelric at Edstone}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 22,8}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid212225 , a mile from Bearley, perhaps the same man, though not identified as such by }{
\insrsid12807907 Dr}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid212225  Williams. Of Aelfric's remaining manors, Fenny Compton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 16,57}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid212225  is a 'family' vill of Thorkil and his relatives, and the Aelfric of Marston}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
WAR 21,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid212225  may be identified by his association there with Robert d'Oilly, Thorkil's tenant in the vill and in half-a-dozen others. The Aelfri
cs at Bickenhill and an anonymous holding in Stonehill Hundred, both acquired by Thorkil and lying in Hundreds where }{\insrsid12807907 Thorkil's uncle}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid212225  had other manors, may be him also}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 17,3;64}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid212225 . Two of the three remaining Aelfrics in the county are probably one man since their manors both lay in Wolford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 4,4. 16,66}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid212225 
. One of them was acquired by the Count of Meulan, who also acquired Aelfric's manor in the 'family' vill of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Fenny Compton (above), so this Aelfric, too, may be Thorkil's uncle}{\insrsid12807907 
, though Dr Williams does not identify him there}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . There are no links with the }{\insrsid12807907 pre-Conquest lord of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Haselor}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 40,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Aelfric's }{
\insrsid12807907 tenancies}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 9856) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 147, apart from Flecknoe itself, whose tenant is unidentified (no. 28375).
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 AELGEAT. The name Aelgeat (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Ailiet}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Ailet)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  occurs twice, }{\insrsid12807907 
once each in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Northamptonshire }{\insrsid12807907 and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Derbyshir}{\insrsid12807907 e, both pre-Conquest landowners; it can be confused with the more common Aelfgyth or Alfgeat.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 AELGEAT <OF HEYFORD>. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 The predecessor of the bishop of Bayeux }{\insrsid12807907 on a small, shared holding }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 at Heyford in Northamptonshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NTH 2,12}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  has no links with his one namesake. Bishop Odo also acquired the properties of an Alfgeat (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Aluiet}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ) in Hampshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
HAM 23,58}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 16,35}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ; but, even allowing for scribal error in the name-forms, it }{\insrsid12807907 seems}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  unlikely that t
hese distant properties were held by the same man.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 AELGEAT <OF OSMASTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 Aelgeat (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11343247 Ailiet}{\insrsid12807907 ), }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 predecessor of Henry of Ferrers }{\insrsid12807907 
on the fairly substantial manor of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Osmaston in Derbyshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 6,58}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 has no links with his one namesake}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 It is not unlikely, however, that he is the same man as the Alfgeat}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Aluiet}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 )}{
\insrsid12807907  from whom Henry acquired a comparable manor at Priors Frome in Herefordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11343247 HEF 13,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, one of two manors on his fief there and the only one where the pre-Conquest lord is named, leaving open the possibility that Henry acquired his fief by antecession. Priors Frome was held from the bishop of Hereford and Osmaston together with (Earl) 
Waltheof (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11343247 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ), so Aelgeat/Alfgeat was not a negligible figure. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 It is conceivable that }{\insrsid12807907 he is also }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
one or more of the three Alfgeats in Staffordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 1,38-39. 8,7}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ; but }{\insrsid12807907 there are no}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  links to support an identification.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2311077 AELGYTH. Aelgyth is an uncommon name, }{\insrsid12807907 apparently }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2311077 confined to Essex and East Anglia}{\insrsid12807907  where it is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2311077 
 possibly borne by }{\insrsid12807907 one woman}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2311077 .}{\insrsid12807907  A variant form, Aethelgyth, occurs once but is unlikely to be related to the East Anglian landholder, as also Aelfgyths, easily confused with Aelgyth: }
{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15150746 von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid12807907 Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 183.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \cbpat8 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 AELGYTH [* WIDOW OF THORSTEN *]. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Aelgyth}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  whose manors in Essex were acquired by Ralph Baynard}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 33,6-7;11;19-20}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 is identified by the will of her husband, Thorsten son of Wine, which names all five: Whitelock, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Anglo-Saxon wills}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, pp. 78-87, 189-99. Thorsten's will also bequeathed to her 'everything which I have in Norfolk'. The Norfolk manors are not specified but almost certainly include those acquired by Ralph Baynard}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 31,20-25;34-37}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. Ralph also acquired land in Kedington, Poslingford and Shimpling in Suffolk from }{\insrsid12807907 an }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Aelgyth}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 33,1-2;13}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
; and since Thorsten held land in Kedington, and Aelgyth's mother at Chadacre Park in Shimpling, this Aelgyth is probably Thorsten's widow, the status of the manors providing some confirmation.
\par \tab The Aelgyth}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  named on four manors acquired by other tenants-in-chief may be the same woman. Count Eustace of Boulogne held Chipping Ongar}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 20,46}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, where Aelgyth's husband held land, albeit granted elsewhere in his will. Crimplesham, acquired by Reginald son of Ivo}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 21,3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, was of comparable status and less than six }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 from her manors in 'Clackclose' Hundred acquired by Ralph Baynard. In four of these vills - including Crimplesham - she held land alongside a Thorkil, whose manors were acquired by Reginald son of Ivo. Aelgyth and Thorkil, th
e subjects of an undated will in favour of Bury St Edmunds, may be the same pair, both factors implying a relationship between them which could explain the descent of Crimplesham to Reginald, via Thorkil: Whitelock, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Anglo-Saxon wills}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 93, 205-206. Reginald also acquired Yaxham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 21,20}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  from an Aelgyth, }{\insrsid12807907 probably}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 the same woman.
\par \tab The one remaining Aelgyth in East Anglia was the predecessor of Gilbert son of Richere at Mildenhall in Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 42,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Mildenhall is usually assumed to be the Suffolk vill, some twenty-five }{\insrsid12807907 m
iles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  to the south; but Domesday Book clearly states that it was in Norfolk, in 'Clackclose' Hundred, where the bulk of the lands of Thorsten's widow lay. }{\insrsid12807907 
Gilbert did not have a designated predecessor, acknowledged or not, his entire Honour consisting of two manors, the other acquired from Earl Godwin in Surrey. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 A list of Aelgyth's manors is given by Clarke, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 English nobility, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 pp. 235-36, which does not include Crimplesham and Yaxham; see also Mortimer, 'The Baynards of Baynard's Castle', pp. 248-51. }{\insrsid12807907 Dr Clarke }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ranks her thirty-ninth in wealth among untitled laymen; the addition of Crimplesham and Yaxham would raise her three places.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
.............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 AELLIC. The name Aellic occurs three times, }{\insrsid12807907 twice}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid12807907  (once deleted), once}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in Wiltshire}{
\insrsid12807907 , both pre-Conquest lords}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 AELLIC <OF KEYSOE>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, t}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 he Aellic }{\insrsid12807907 who held land at Keysoe from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3293742 William of Warenne}{
\insrsid12807907 , and Hamerton - deleted -}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in Huntingdonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HUN 13,2. 15,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  probably }{\insrsid12807907 
the same man who may have held Keysoe at both dates; he has no links with his namesake}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in Wiltshire.}{\insrsid12807907  Keysoe is assigned to William's demesne in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3293742 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907 .
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 AELLIC <OF MERE>. Aellic}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 whose small holding}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  at Mere in Wiltshire }{\insrsid12807907 
was acquired by Wulfric the hunter}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13179450 WIL 67,6}{\insrsid12807907 8}}}{\insrsid12807907 , has no links with his}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid12807907  namesakes}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 AELMER [* MILK *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Aelmer, who held the Baynard manor of Tolleshunt before the Conquest, is identified as Aelmer Milk in an entry for Colchester which records a house attached to Tolleshunt}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
ESS 33,23. B3r}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Tolleshunt was acquired by an exchange, probably with }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7493180 Ranulf Peverel, named in }{\insrsid12807907 the following Colchester entry}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7493180  }{\insrsid12807907 
as}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7493180  acquir}{\insrsid12807907 ing}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7493180  }{\insrsid12807907 five}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7493180  houses }{\insrsid12807907 attached to Terling }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7493180 
from an Aelmer}{\insrsid12807907 , identified in the Terling entry as a royal thane}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 34,6. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7493180 B3q}}}{\insrsid12807907 . }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7493180 
Ranulf inherited two other properties from }{\insrsid12807907 an }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7493180 Aelmer, }{\insrsid12807907 including his principle manor of Hatfield Peverel, a manor befitting a royal thane}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 34,4;14}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, as was Thurrock acquired from an Aelmer by William Peverel along with Horndon, the whole of his fief in Essex.}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 48,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Ranulf and William were }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7493180 almost certainly relat}{\insrsid12807907 ed,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid7493180  though the nature of their relationship }{\insrsid12807907 is unknown.
\par \tab The royal thane}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7493180  Aelmer also held the }{\insrsid12807907 valuable }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7493180 manor of Easter}{\insrsid12807907 , acquired by}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7493180  Count Eustace of Boulogne }{
\insrsid12807907 and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7493180  granted to St Martin's, London}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 12,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7493180 . Count Eustace }{\insrsid12807907 had another of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7493180  Aelmer}{
\insrsid12807907 's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7493180  holding}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7493180  in }{\insrsid12807907 the vill of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7493180 Tolleshunt, and granted a third to the church of St Martin-le-Grand}
{\insrsid12807907 .}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7493180  These links }{\insrsid12807907 suggest}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7493180  that the Aelmer from whom Engelric th}{\insrsid12807907 e priest, founder of St Martin}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7493180 
-le-Grand, stole the manor of Elmdon }{\insrsid12807907 may}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7493180  also }{\insrsid12807907 be }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7493180 Aelmer Milk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 20,59;74}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7493180 . There are 
}{\insrsid12807907 difficulties}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7493180  with }{\insrsid12807907 some}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7493180  name-forms. }{\insrsid12807907 At }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7493180 Tolleshunt}{\insrsid12807907  and Elmdon,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid7493180  }{\insrsid12807907 it}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7493180  is }{\insrsid12807907 Almer, probably scribal errors in view of Aelmer's second holding in Tolleshunt }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15099744 
and substantial scale of the manor at Elmdon. }{\insrsid12807907 Probably, though l}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15099744 ess certainly, the Aethelmer }{\insrsid12807907 (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15099744 Agelmarus}{\insrsid12807907 ) }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid15099744 at Langford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 33,22}}}{\insrsid12807907 , another valuable manor acquired by Ralph Baynard, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15099744 may be }{\insrsid12807907 another }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15099744 
scribal error.}{\insrsid12807907  None of the four tenants-in-chief who acquired these manors had predecessors elsewhere named Aelmer or Aethelmer; and the only Almers between them being Almer of Bennington (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15099744 q.v.}{
\insrsid12807907 ) and a predecessor of William Peverel on a single holding in Nottinghamshire. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 A list of }{\insrsid12807907 Aelmer's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  manor}{\insrsid12807907 s}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  is given by}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7493180  Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11564255 English nobility}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7493180 , pp. 236-37}{\insrsid12807907 , who ranks Aelmer fifty-ninth in wealth among
}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 untitled laymen}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7493180 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \cbpat8 {\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 AEL}{\insrsid12807907 R}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 IC. }{\insrsid12807907 
Aelric is a fairly common name which occurs almost fifty times, distributed among sixteen counties and the lands of the king and twenty of his tenants-in-chief, with a cluster in Lincolnshire and a smaller
 one in Worcestershire. Five manors were held by survivors. The scribes sometimes confused the name with the more common Aelfric and Alric.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 AELRIC <OF GREASLEY>. William Peverel}{\insrsid12807907 's tenants}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 at }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Greasley and Brinsley in Nottinghamshire(NTT 10,30-31) }{
\insrsid12807907 are probably the same Aelric }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Ailric}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 )}{\insrsid12807907 ;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the vills are adjacent, and }{
\insrsid12807907 there is only one other survivor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  of this name }{\insrsid12807907 in the county}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . It is likely, too, that }{\insrsid12807907 he is }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
William's predecessor at Bilborough}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 10,39}}}{\insrsid12807907 , roughly}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  five miles from the other two vills}{\insrsid12807907 ;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Aelric held there }{
\insrsid12807907 alongside}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  a Wulfsi}{\insrsid12807907 , perhaps}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the Wulfsi he succeeded at Greasley. If the scribe's orthography can be trusted, he may be t
he Aelric who preceded William Peverel at Hargrave in Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 35,15}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , the only other }{\insrsid12807907 Aelric}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  on the Peverel 
}{\insrsid12807907 Honour; and it is not unlikely that he is the Aelfric at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Sutton in Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 30,55}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{
\insrsid12807907 which he}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  shared with a Brun and a Wulfsi, both of whom held }{\insrsid12807907 alongside}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Aelric at Greasley and Brinsley. If not a}{\insrsid12807907  scribal}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  error, then this Aelfric }{\insrsid12807907 could be}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Aelfric of Colwick (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
), who also held land at both dates in the county; but on balance, the coincidence of Peverel, Brun and Wulfsi make a scribal error the more likely explanation.}{\insrsid12807907  Aelric is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1727758 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907  (nos. 35364-65).}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 AELRIC [* SON OF MERGEAT *]. Robert of Vessey acquired his fief in Leicestershire from Aelric}{\insrsid12807907  son of Mergeat}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 16,1-9}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and with one apparent exception}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  the remainder of his Honour in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 37,1-7}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 29,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and Warwickshire
}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
WAR 24,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  from an Aelric, described as his predecessor in the Claims for Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN CK36}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . It is }{
\insrsid12807907 virtually }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 certain, therefore, that these Aelrics }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 Aelric son of Mergeat, as - almost as certainly - was the one apparent exception, on his Warwickshire manor of Wolvey,}{\insrsid12807907  obtained from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Alric }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4160543 son of Mergeat}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
WAR 24,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , apparently a scribal error, though it is worth noting that Aelric is named Alric in a royal charter concerning his manor of Doddington (}{\insrsid12807907 below}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ): }{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Bates, }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Regesta}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ,}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 no. 315, p. 929}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}
{\insrsid12807907  The two names appear to be interchangeable here.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par \tab }{\insrsid12807907 Mergeat's son}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  had full jurisdictional and market rights in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN T5}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, where he was also the predecessor of the abbey of Westminster and }{\insrsid12807907 of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Baldwin of Flanders}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 LIN }{\insrsid12807907 
9,1-2. 65,1-5}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{\insrsid12807907 identified in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  the Claims for the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 LIN CK}{\insrsid12807907 27
}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . The Westminster connection makes it likely that he is the Aelric alleged to have granted Kelvedon in Essex to the abbey}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 6,9}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, a likelihood increased by the fact that he is the only man of this name in the county, or indeed in Little Domesday. According to the text, Aelric 'went away to a naval battle against King William and when he returned he fell ill; then he gave this m
anor to St Peter's but only one man from the County knows this'. The jury was sceptical, recording that 'they have had neither a writ nor a servant of the King on [his] behalf after the King came to this land'; but Kelvedon remained in the abbey's possess
ion: Harvey, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Westminster}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 342-43. A spurious Westminster charter names him Aelric (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Ailhre}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
) the chamberlain: Harmer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Writs}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 303-303, 341-42. A list of his manors is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 English nobility, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
pp. 328-29, which does not include Braybrooke in Northamptonshire. }{\insrsid12807907 Dr Clarke }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ranks Aelric fifty-third in wealth among untitled laymen}{\insrsid12807907 ; the addition of }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Braybrooke }{\insrsid12807907 would not affect this}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4984231 AESCHERE <}{\insrsid12807907 OF IPSWICH}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4984231 >. }{\insrsid12807907 Aeschere, who had a church and an acre of land in Ipswich in 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12024632 SUF 1,122f}}}
{\insrsid12807907 , is probably also the Aeschere who had a house and nineteen acres in Colchester}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12024632 ESS B3a}}}{\insrsid12807907 , these being the only men of that name in Domesday Book, two su
bstantial burgesses with so rare a name being improbable. Aeschere is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1727758 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (nos. 5850, 11493).}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12024632 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par AESCWULF <OF LANDICAN>. As the name occurs in Domesday Book only in Cheshire, the Aescwulf whose respectable manor at Landican in the Wirral peninsular was acquired by William Malbank}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 8,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 is very probably the Aescwulf whose comparable manor at Dunham, near the base of the peninsular, was retained by the king}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7012352 CHS 1,3}}}{
\insrsid12807907 .
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par AETHELGYTH <OF SOMERBY>. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12024632 Aethelgyth}{\insrsid12807907 , who held a very modest holding at Old Somerby in Lincolnshire acquired by Guy of Craon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12024632 LIN 57,43}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , is the only woman of that name in Domesday Book. Aethelgyth is unlikely to be connected to the woman, or women, who bore a variant name-form, Aelgyth (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12024632 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
), with whose manors in Essex and East Anglia she has no associations: see }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15150746 von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid12807907 Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 183-84. Aethelgyth is easily confused with }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2311077 Ael}{\insrsid12807907 f}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2311077 gyth}{\insrsid12807907 ; but the few occurrences of this form are distant, without tenurial or other associations, and unlikely to be related.}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12024632 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par AETHELSTAN. The name Aethelstan occurs almost three dozen times but is rare outside Lincolnshire, occurring once
 each in Somerset and Cambridgeshire (a survivor), twice in Nottinghamshire and Yorkshire, and five times in Suffolk, the bulk of the Lincolnshire names being on one fief. It is likely that Aethelstan (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3810792 Adestan}{
\insrsid12807907 ) is interchangeable with }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3810792 Edstan}{\insrsid12807907  and }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3810792 Estan}{\insrsid12807907  (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3810792 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
), and on occasions at least with Alstan (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3810792 Alestan}{\insrsid12807907 ): von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12721020 Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 152-53, 182, 188, 237.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 AETHELSTAN [* SON OF GODRAM *]. The Aethelstans from whom Guy of Craon acquired the bulk of his Honour}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 LIN 57,10-11;13-14;1}{
\insrsid12807907 9;22;27-28;30-31;36-37;44;48-57}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  are probably Aethelstan son of Godram, who had full jurisdiction and market rights in the county}{\insrsid12807907  and is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 named as the predecessor of Guy of Craon in the Claims for Lincolnshire. The extent of his contribution to the Honour is disguised to a degree by scribal confusion of the names Aethelstan (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Adestan}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ) and Alstan (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Alestan}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ); but the Claims for Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN CK66}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  reveal that the 
}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Alestan}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  of Drayton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 LIN 57,56}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is the same man as the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Adestan}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  of Bicker}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 57,44}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , and that Aethelstan son of Godram and Alstan }{\insrsid12807907 (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15222550 Alestan}{\insrsid12807907 ) }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 of Frampton are one man}{\insrsid12807907 ; at Frampton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 57,28}}}{\insrsid12807907 , his name is recorded as }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15222550 Adestan}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. It is likely that the confusion between the two forms is repeated elsewhere in the fief, all such cases occurring on folio 368a}{\insrsid12807907 
. An interesting feature of the claim is that it reveals that Aethelstan was alive and recognised as Guy's 'man' in 1086 but apparently held no land at that date, from Guy or anyone else: there are no Aethelstans or Alstans among the Lincolnshire tenants.
}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par \tab }{\insrsid12807907 The other party to the claim was Count Alan of Brittany, who was preceded on two of his manors by an Aethelstan}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 12,20;76}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, one of them a jurisdiction of Drayton, suggesting that the Count's predecessor may be Godram's son. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Aethelstan also held Swaton, }{\insrsid12807907 acquired by Kolsveinn of Lincoln}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 26,45}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, where the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  entry reveals that Aethelstan had two brothers, one of whom, Aelfric, had jurisdiction over him in Haceby. The only Aelfric at Haceby is on Guy's fief, incidentally indicating that part 
of Guy's Honour came from another member of Aethelstan's family. Between them, Aelfric and Aethelstan provided almost two-thirds of Guy's Honour. A list of Aethelstan's manors }{\insrsid12807907 acquired by Guy }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 English nobility, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 pp. 240-41. }{\insrsid12807907 Dr Clarke }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ranks Aethelstan eighty-first in wealth among untitled laymen}{
\insrsid12807907 ; the additional manors would not affect this}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1599429 AETHELWOLD. Aethelwold}{\insrsid12807907  (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11665518 A}{\i\insrsid12807907 de}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11665518 l}{\i\insrsid12807907 ol}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11665518 d}{
\insrsid12807907 )}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1599429  is an uncommon name}{\insrsid12807907 , distributed among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1599429 
 seven counties and the lands of nine tenants-in-chief, with clusters in Bedfordshire and Kent, those in Kent being survivors. The name }{\insrsid12807907 is at times interchangeable with }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1599429 the more common Alwold}{
\insrsid12807907  (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11665518 Aluuold}{\insrsid12807907 )}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1599429 .
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8261033 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 AETHELWOLD [* OF }{\insrsid12807907 ELTHAM}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Alwold (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11665518 Aluuoldus}{\insrsid12807907 
), whose valuable manor of Eltham in Sutton Lathe in Kent was acquired by the bishop of Bayeux}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 5,30}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is almost certainly Aethelwold (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11665518 A}{\i\insrsid12807907 de}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11665518 l}{\i\insrsid12807907 ol}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11665518 d}{\insrsid12807907 ) of Eltham, who had jurisdictional privileges}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2819654  in the Lathe before the Conquest}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
KEN D25}}}{\insrsid12807907 . It is possible that he is the Aethelwold who subsequently became the bishop's chamberlain. One Aethelwold did survive for the twenty years after the Conquest, as a tenant of the Canons of Dover at Deal}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
KEN M17}}}{\insrsid12807907 , but there are no more specific links to connect the magnate of 1066 with the bishop's chamberlain. The tenant at Deal is recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{
\insrsid12807907 (no. 9298)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  125.

\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2819654 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 AETHELWOLD [* THE CHAMBERLAIN *]. Aethelwold the chamberlain is named as a tenant of the bishop of Bayeux at Frinstead in Kent, and in the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday Monachorum}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (p. 101) as his tenant on three other manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 5,99-100;134}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , on two of which he was superseded by Robert }{\insrsid12807907 the interpreter}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , as was Aethelwold - presumably therefore the chamberlain - on two more of Bishop Odo's manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 5,84-85}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{
\insrsid12807907 The bishop}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  had two other Aethelwolds among his tenants, at Woodnesborough}{\insrsid12807907  in Sandwich}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 5,198}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , five }{
\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  from the chamberlain's manor at Easole, and at Dean Court}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 5,167}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , where }{\insrsid12807907 it appears - the entry is ambiguous - that }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Aethelwold was superseded on part }{\insrsid12807907 (possibly all) }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 of the manor, suggesting he is the Aethelwold superseded elsewhere on the }{\insrsid12807907 bishop's }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 fief. He is perhaps also the Aethelwold who held a yoke in the manor of Westgate from the archbishop, shared with other tenants of Odo}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 2,16}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 : }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday Monachorum}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 82. Fowler suggested he is the Adelulf named as the chamberlain of the bishop of Bayeux in illegal possession of part of the manor of Totternhoe in Bedfordshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
BDF 40,3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Bedfordshire in 1086}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 90. }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Adelold}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Adelulf}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  are }{\insrsid12807907 different}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  names; but the scribe made worst mistakes in dealing with Old English names, and the bishop }{\insrsid12807907 
presumably}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  had only one chamberlain.
\par \tab As noted above, Aethelwold lost some of his manors shortly before the Domesday Inquest to Robert }{\insrsid12807907 the interpreter}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ; but since he hel
d the valuable manor of Leeds and part of Frinsted and a yoke in Sandwich in 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 5,67;198}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, this was probably the result of a re-shuffling of the bishop's manors following his imprisonment in 1082 rather than a demotion; Robert }{\insrsid12807907 the interpreter}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  held the manors at f
arm, not as tenant. Aethelwold's tenancies from Odo are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 183) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 125, plus an Adelulf at Wye}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 6,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  but not at Totternhoe; the tenant at Westgate is subsumed among the }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 homines}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  on the manor}{\insrsid12807907  and at Dean Court is presumed to be superseded on the whole manor by 1086}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2757064 AGHMUND. Aghmund is an uncommon name which occurs more than two dozen times}{\insrsid12807907 , distributed among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2582754  }{\insrsid12807907 eight }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2582754 
counties and the}{\insrsid12807907  lands of the king and fourteen of his tenants-in-chief, with a large cluster in Lincolnshire and a moderate one in Hampshire; the name is rare in the sense that it may have been borne by no mor
e than half-a-dozen men. There are survivors in Hampshire, Northamptonshire, Nottinghamshire and Lincolnshire.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2757064 AGHMUND}{\insrsid12807907  <OF ECKINGTON>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2757064 . }{\insrsid12807907 The four Aghmunds in Sussex are evidently one man, all his manors lying in the vill of Eckington}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10044870 9,41;55;76. 10,89}}}{\insrsid12807907 . As the name is rare, it is possible he is the Aghmund in Hampshire; but the manors are not distinctively substantial, and there are no 
links to provide confirmation of identity.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10044870 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2757064 AGHMUND}{\insrsid12807907  <OF NORTON>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2757064 . }{\insrsid12807907 Aghmund, whose substantial manor of Norton in Northamptonshire was acquired by the Count of Meulan}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NTH 19,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is conceivably the survivor on a ploughland 'with some men' worth five shillings at Grafton Underwood}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 55,5}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 who may have held the same manor in 1066, no pre-Conquest lord being recorded. It is possible that he is Aghmund son of Walraven, who also survived in straightened circumstances for two decades, but there are no links to connect them.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2757064 AGHMUND}{\insrsid12807907  <OF WELLOW>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2757064 . }{\insrsid12807907 
With one exception, all Aghmunds in Hampshire and Wiltshire may be the same man, who survived for twenty years at Chineham, East Wellow, Shoddesdon and Totton in Hampshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 23,10. 69,22;26;37}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Chineham was acquired by Hugh of Port, who also succeeded an Aghmund at 'Binstead'}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 3,9}}}{\insrsid12807907 
; Outwick, held by Waleran the hunter in 1086, had been part of Aghmund's manor of Wellow twenty years previously according to the Hundred jury}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10044870 HAM 45,2}}}{
\insrsid12807907 . Waleran acquired the one Wiltshire manor held by Aghmund}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 37,11}}}{\insrsid12807907  and removed part of his manor of Wellow into Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10044870 HAM 69,22}}}{
\insrsid12807907 . Two of the three remaining Aghmunds, at Rollstone and Coxlease}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM NF9,9;28}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, are less than ten miles from Totton and each other, alongside Southampton Water. The Aghmund who does not fit this pattern held the lost vill of }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10044870 Hotlop}{\insrsid12807907  in Broughton Hundred}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid10044870 HAM 69,23}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, where he is distinguished as the 'other' Aghmund. This Aghmund, whose manor cannot be many miles from East Wellow in the same Hundred, also survived for two decades and held his manor in freehold from King Edward in 1066 and
 directly from the Conqueror in 1086, as did Aghmund of Wellow on several of his manors. As the name is rare, these shared characteristics suggest a scribal blunder rather than a second individual, though it is difficult to imagine what kind of mistake wo
uld produce this result; as it is, the text is taken at face value in identifying another man.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10044870 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par AGHMUND [* SON OF WALRAVEN *]. All Aghmunds in northern England may be one man, the lord of Redbourne in Lincolnshire, predecessor of Jocelyn son of Lambert on his Honour later known as the barony of Redbourne}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2757064 28}{\insrsid12807907 ,3;10-11;14-18;25-28;29-31}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2757064 ;32;36;42}{\insrsid12807907 -43. LIN CS3. CW3;13}}}{\insrsid12807907 : Sanders, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2757064 English baronies}{
\insrsid12807907 , pp. 74-75. Aghmund may be the father of Godric, who survived at Beelsby}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 68,45}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and is certainly the brother of Sigketill and of two other brothers}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2757064 
LIN 28,11}}}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8068972 one of whom is probably Aslak (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8068972 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8068972 ), the other possibly Alnoth (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8068972 q.v.}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid8068972 ). If so, the family provided about half of Jocelyn's Honour. }{\insrsid12807907 Aghmund }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8068972 is also certainly the son of Walraven (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8068972 q.v.}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid8068972 )}{\insrsid12807907  who }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8068972 had full}{\insrsid12807907 
 jurisdiction and market rights in Lincoln to which his son succeeded, retaining them in 1086 although he lost all or most of his manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN C2-3}}}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par \tab Of the other Aghmunds in the county, Walraven's son is identified as Jocelyn's predecessor at 'Middle Carlton' in the Claims for the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 33,1. CW3}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and at Canwick}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
LIN 67,26}}}{\insrsid12807907  by the fact that his father held in the same vill; while Reasby}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 22,15}}}{\insrsid12807907  was acquired by William of Percy, who succeeded to another of his manors in that vill as a tenant of Jocelyn
}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
LIN 22,26}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and Pickworth was acquired by the bishop of Durham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 3,33-34}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 whose tenant there is probably Jocelyn himself. He is probably the one other Aghmund in the county, a priest who survived for two decades at Riseholme, just outside Lincoln}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 68,47}}}{\insrsid12807907 , where Walraven's so
n had full jurisdiction. It is likely, too, that he is the one Aghmund in Nottinghamshire, another survivor who retained his land for two decades, his manor of Clifton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 6,12}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 being a dozen miles from Riseholme. This Aghmund was a tenant of the bishop of Lincoln, who acquired one of his manors from Aghmund's father and from whom Aghmund's successor, Jocelyn son of Lambert (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2757064 q.v.}{
\insrsid12807907 ), held several more. Finally, the only other Aghmunds in northern England, who held the adjacent manors of Orgreave and Tinsley in Yorkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 10W8-9}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are probably also Walraven's son. The manors were acquired by Roger of Bully, who also succeeded to the manor of another of Walraven's sons, Aslak, at Normanton-on-Trent in Nottinghamshire. As Roger's predecessors are the only men of that name in the t
wo counties, the odds against them be unrelated are very high. There are two other Aghmund's north of the Thames, both in Northamptonshire, one a substantial pre-Conquest lord, the other surviving on a modest manor}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid6649070 19,1. 55,5}}}{\insrsid12807907 , on which grounds either or both of them are conceivably Walraven's son, but there are no specific links to connect them to him. The tenant at Clifton is unidentified in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1727758 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 35157).}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2757064 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 [* AGNES *] DAUGHTER OF ALFRED OF MARLBOROUGH. Alfred's }{\insrsid12807907 anonymous }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 daughter, who held Pencombe in Herefordshire from him}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 19,6}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, is probably Agnes, named as his daughter and the wife of }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Turstin}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  of Wigmore on her manor at Cowarne. Her manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 2557) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 126}{\insrsid12807907 , where the unnamed manor is at Pencombe}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .

\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \cbpat8 {\insrsid12807907 AILBERN <OF WRATTING>. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4984231 Ailbern}{\insrsid12807907 
, whose manors of Erwarton and Wratting in Suffolk were acquired by Richard son of Gilbert, is probably the same man}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4984231  }{\insrsid12807907 as the predecessor of the bishop of Bayeux at Burstall}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 16,18. 25,68;85}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , in the same Hundred as Wratting, these three being the only Ailberns }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4984231 in Domesday Book.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \cbpat8 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 AITARD. }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164 The name Aitard }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 is stated or implied on}
{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164  }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 eighteen}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164  holdings}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
, distributed among four counties and the lands of the king and two of his tenants-in-chief, probably borne by three men, a priest in Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 NTT B13}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
, a man-at-arms in Cheshire, and a tenant in East Anglia.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 AITARD }{\insrsid12807907 <OF HALTON>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164 The }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 man-at-arms}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164  }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
who held one and a half hides in the manor of Halton in Cheshire from William son of Nigel}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 CHS 9,17}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  has no links with other Aitards. He }{\insrsid12807907 is unidentified in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 28840).}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 AITARD [* OF VAUX *]. }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164 The Aitard }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 who held eleven manors from Roger Bigot in East Anglia}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 NFK 9,26-28;94;140;160;165-166}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid7341981 ;198. 66,80}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 . SUF 7,4}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  is almost certainly Aitard of Vaux,}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164  }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
who claimed a number of free men on royal manors in Norfolk as part of the Holding of the bishop of Bayeux}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 NFK 1,106;111;120-122}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
, on two of which he is accorded his byname and on two others identified as a man of Roger Bigot. Aitard's }{\insrsid12807907 manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907  (no. 309)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  126-27.}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907 AIULF. Aiulf is 
an uncommon name in the sense that it was borne by few individuals. Apart from three Aiulfs in Worcestershire and a fief in Berkshire, all Aiulfs occur in the four south-western counties of Cornwall, Devon, Dorset and Wiltshire, where the seven survivors 
are recorded.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par AIULF [* FATHER OF EDMUND *]. Aiulf, whose manor at Grimstead in Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 67,59}}}{\insrsid12807907  was acquired by his son 
Edmund, has no links with other pre-Conquest Aiulfs. Some of the properties of Aiulf the chamberlain are near Grimstead; but the indications are that the chamberlain was a Norman, holding land only after the Conquest.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par AIULF <OF EXFORD>. }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 As the name is uncommon, the Aiulf who held a half-virgate worth three shillings (if not waste) at Exford in Somerset before the Conquest}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 SOM 21,58}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
 may be the same man as Aiulf of Tremail; but there are no links to confirm this, and the properties are not close to each other.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907 AIULF <OF TREMAIL>. }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
In view of the distribution of the name and the interest of St Petroc's in both manors, the Aiulfs who held Carwogie in 1086}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 CON 1,18}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
 and Tremail before the Conquest}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 CON 4,14}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  may be one man, in which case he is perhaps the Aiulf who held }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid14573832 Lidemore}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
 in Devon at both dates}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 DEV 17,18}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
, two survivors with an uncommon name in the area being unlikely. Given the localised distribution of pre-Conquest Aiulfs, he may also be the pre-Conquest lord of Treworyan}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 CON 5,7,12}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
, eight miles from Carwogie, and of Kimber, in the same Hundred as the lost vill of }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid14573832 Lidemore}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 , and of Hele, some eight miles from Kimber}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 DEV 35,7. 39,8}}}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907 . It is less likely that he is the Aiulf of Exford in Somerset}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 SOM 21,58}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 , in }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid1255439 view of }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 its}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid1255439  distance }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 from other manors}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid1255439  and the modest scale of Exford}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  itself}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid1255439 . The Aiulfs at Carwogie and 
}{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid1255439 Lidemore}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid1255439  are identified as Aiulf the chamberlain }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1255439 in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1255439  (no. 176)}
{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1255439  and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1255439 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1255439 , p. 127; but since }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 Aiulf }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1255439 
chamberlain was undoubtedly a Norman, he is unlikely to have held }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1255439 Lidemore}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1255439  and therefore probably not Carwogie either.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 AIULF <OF WOLVERTON>. }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
As the name is uncommon, the Aiulfs at Kidderminster, Wolverton and Broughton}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  Hackett}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  in Worcestershire}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 WOR 1,2. 2,4. 8,24}}}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  may be one man; Wolverton is three }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 miles}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  from Broughton. All three have royal or official associations, and are }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 held by }{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 the only Aiulfs outside the south-west not identified as the chamberlain. They may in fact be the chamberlain, though th
ere are no links to confirm this and the manors are some distance from the bulk of his holdings, which are concentrated in Dorset and adjacent counties. The Worcestershire Aiulfs }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 are unidentified in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (nos. 31682, 31701, 31891).
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 AIULF [* THE CHAMBERLAIN *]. With the }{\insrsid12807907 possible }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 exception of }{\insrsid12807907 the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Aiulfs in Worcestershire, it is probable that all unidentified }{\insrsid12807907 Aiulfs}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  hol
ding land in 1086 but not 1066 are Aiulf the chamberlain, also described as Aiulf the sheriff in Berkshire and Wiltshire, both descriptions being employed in Dorset, where he is sheriff in the List of Landholders and chamberlain in his fief heading. As sh
eriff of Dorset, he is probably the Aiulf described in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Exon.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  as holding the royal manors of Puddletown and Frome}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 1,8;15}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and probably also}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  the Aiulf holding Farnham from Shaftesbury abbey in conjunction with the wife of Hugh son of Grip}{\insrsid12807907 , since}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Aiulf and Hugh - hi
s predecessor as sheriff - both held in chief in that vill}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 19,11}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . It is likely, too, that he held the thaneland in 'Cerne' from Milton abbey}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 12,16}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, as he and his predecessor acquired other such holdings from both Shaftesbury and Cerne abbeys. The Aiulf at Stinsford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 56,40}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 may also be the chamberlain}{\insrsid12807907  since}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Stinsford was held from another royal official and lay four }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 from Puddletown, where Aiulf administered the royal manor. In Wiltshire, he is almost certainly the tenant of Edward of Salisbury at Tollard Royal, where he held in chief}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 24,39}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. Finally, since Aiulf the chamberlain held three minor tenancies-in-chief in Berkshire, Dorset and Wiltshire, it is likely that }{\insrsid12807907 he is the one other Aiulf with }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 such }{\insrsid12807907 a }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 tenancy-in-chief}{\insrsid12807907 , in Devon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 DEV 4}{\insrsid12807907 1,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .
\par \tab Aiulf's manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 176) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, p. 127. They do not include the Wiltshire tenancy but add Carwogie in Cornwall and }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Lidemore}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 in Devon, here assigned to an Englishman, Aiulf of Tremail. Aiulf was certainly a Norman, as was his brother, Humphrey (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 q.v}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .). }{\insrsid12807907 He}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 was successively sheriff of Dorset, Wiltshire and Somerset, and lived into the reign of Henry I, dying before 1121: Green, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 English sheriffs}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 37, 73, 85.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 AKI. The name Aki is stated or implied on about three dozen manors, distributed among a dozen counties and the lands of the king and nineteen tenants-in-chief, with one cluster in Suffolk}{\insrsid12807907 
, but is rare in the sense that it was probably borne by few men; all Akis are }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 pre-Conquest landowners. Ten of the manors }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  worth \'a3
5 or more. The scribe appears to }{\insrsid12807907 confuse the name}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  with Eskil on occasions.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 AKI}{\insrsid12807907  [* SON OF SIWARD *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 Aki, predecessor of Robert the bursar in Lincolnshire, is almost certainly the son of Siward and brother of Wiglac who had '
}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6962852 who had full jurisdiction and market rights}{\insrsid12807907 ' over his father's land}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN T5}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Father and sons provided almost the entire fief of Robert the bursar in the county, Aki himself holding Thornton and Haltham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 38,1-2;13}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, a few miles apart in Horncastle wapentake, in the South Riding of Lincolnshire. There are no other Akis in Lincolnshire or on the Honour of Robert the bursar}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907 
 As his family appears to be confined to the South Riding of Lindsey in Lincolnshire, it is unlikely that Aki is the same man as his distant namesakes in Staffordshire, Warwickshire or Worce
stershire, or that he is the magnate Aki the Dane. The family lands are worth almost \'a350. If included in Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2630730 English nobility}{\insrsid12807907 
, the family would rank among the eighty wealthiest untitled laymen in 1066.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 AKI [* THE DANE *]. The Akis who preceded Robert Blunt at Lavington in Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 WIL 60}{\insrsid12807907 ,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , Laleham in Middlesex}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
MDX 17,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , Grafton in Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 33,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , and on eight manors in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 66,1-4;13-16}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , are }{
\insrsid12807907 almost certainly}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  one man. Lavington }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  very valuable (\'a315), and Laleham, where he is described as a royal Guard, substantial (\'a3
8). He is probably also the predecessor of Walter Giffard on three consecutive manors in Cambridgeshire, described as a
 royal thane on the valuable manor of Harlton; as Aki the Dane, a man of Earl Harold, at Barrington; and as a man of Earl Harold at Orwell}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 17,4-6}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 : }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (ed. Hamilton, pp. 74-75, 79). The three Akis are the only men of this name in the county; and their manors are }{\insrsid12807907 each }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 within less than three }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 from}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 one of the others. It is not unusual for royal thanes or Guards to be men or thanes of the greater English magnates, so there is little reason to doubt that the Cambridgeshire Akis are one man.
\par \tab The four Akis in Hertfordshire are probably also Aki the Dane. His fourteen houses in Hertford were acquired by Hardwin of Scales}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT B10}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, who obtained Bramfield, one of the three manors. All three are valuable, and Aki is described as a thane of Earl Harold at Westmill and Bramfield and of King Edward Flamstead}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 20,13. 22,1. 37,22}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. Westmill is the most valuable of all the manors held by an Aki (\'a320). In Suffolk, the remaining Akis are also likely to be the Dane: at Wyverstone, acquired by Robert Malet, he is described a
s Robert Blunt's predecessor, while at Westleton he was succeeded by Gilbert Blunt, }{\insrsid12807907 Malet's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  tenant and possibly Robert Blunt's brother}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 6,57;85}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 : }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 209. It is not unlikely that he is also the Aki whose }{\insrsid12807907 very }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 valuable manor of Easton in Essex was ac
quired by Matthew of Mortagne}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 53,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , or even the one other Aki in the county, at Notley}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 24,45}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. Aki, a royal thane, is also recorded on two manors in Bedfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 23,15;38}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ; but it is likely that these are clerical errors for Eskil of Ware (}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ).
\par \tab There are no links with other Akis but it is not unlikely that two of the most substantial remaining manors, at Harwell and Hendred - three }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  apart - in Berkshire }{\insrsid12807907 were}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  his, too}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 44,4. 62,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Apart from their value, they are roughly mid-way on a straight line between his manors in Hertfordshire and Wiltshire. }{\insrsid12807907 
Aki may also have held Blunsdon in the latter county, where the tenant - Robert - may be Robert Blunt}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 24,21}}}{\insrsid12807907 
: Darlington, 'Domesday survey of Wiltshire', p. 106. Although there are no specific links to connect him, he may be the one other Aki in Northamptonshire, at Winwick}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 55,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, fifteen miles from the manor he held from Robert Blunt, and also the one other Aki in Wiltshire, on an anonymous holding there}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 66,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. If these identifications are valid, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Aki's manors were worth almost \'a3100}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  even without the Berkshire manors. }{\insrsid12807907 If}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 included in Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 English nobility}{\insrsid12807907 , he}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  would rank among the forty wealthiest untitled laymen}{\insrsid12807907 
 without the Berkshire manors, among the top thirty with them}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ALAN. If Count Alan is excluded, Alan is a rare name in the sense that it was probably borne by few individuals. It is stated or implied on }{\insrsid12807907 eighteen}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 holdings, distributed among }{\insrsid12807907 seven}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  counties and the lands of }{\insrsid12807907 six}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  tenants-in-chief, probably the number of individuals concerned, all }{
\insrsid12807907 except one }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 tenants after the Conquest}{\insrsid12807907 ;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  one of }{\insrsid12807907 these}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, a cleric of Bishop Odo in Kent, had lost his land before 1086.}{\insrsid12807907  The pre-Conquest lord of Wyken}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1529705 SUF 37,5}}}{\insrsid12807907  is possibly a scribal error for Alstan.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 

\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 COUNT A[LAN]. }{\insrsid12807907 Count A can only refer to Count Alan of Brittany. The abbreviation is used several times on his fiefs in Norfolk and Nottinghamshire and once elsewhere, at Briningham in Norfolk}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12408904 NFK 10,59}}}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ALAN [}{\insrsid12807907 *}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  OF BURWELL }{\insrsid12807907 *}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ]. Alan}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 who held Burwell in Cambridgeshire from Count Alan of Brittany}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 14,69}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is }{\insrsid12807907 almost certainly }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Alan o}{\insrsid12807907 f}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Burwell}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 a}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  juror in }{\insrsid12807907 '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Staploe}{
\insrsid12807907 '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Hundred}{\insrsid12807907  where}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Burwell }{\insrsid12807907 lay}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (ed. Hamilton, pp. 1, 97). }{\insrsid12807907 As h}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 e is listed among the English jurors}{\insrsid12807907  he}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 is presumably a survivor}{\insrsid12807907 . One other Alan is recorded before the Conquest, a predecessor of Peter of Valognes at Wyken in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3031105 SUF 37,5}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , possibly the same man though the Suffolk Alan may be a scribal error for Alstan.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 Alan's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 tenancy}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 is recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 4774) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 130.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ALAN <OF WHILTON>.}{\insrsid12807907  All Alans in Sussex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12408904 10,1;49;79;116}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 12,9;12}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 18,26-30}}}{\insrsid12807907  are tenants of the Count of Mortain apart from the tenant of Countess Judith at Hardwick in the latter county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 56,47-48}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. As the name is rare, they are very probably the same man, though the manors whose descent has been traced were later held by different families: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12408904 VCH Buckinghamshire}{\insrsid12807907 , iii. 462; Farrer, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12408904 Honors}{\insrsid12807907 , i. 88-92. Alan is tentatively identified by Dr }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11352544 Keats-}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12408904 Rohan as Alan of Ducey}{\insrsid12807907 
, from Ducey in Lower Normandy}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12408904  (Manche: arrondissement Avranches), but is here named from the Northamptonshire manor from which the Welton family of Whilton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 18,27}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12408904  took }{
\insrsid12807907 its}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12408904  name.}{\insrsid12807907  His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 1671)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  130.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ALAN [* THE STEWARD *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Alan is named as the steward of Countess Judith at Eynesbury in Huntingdonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HUN 20,6}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. As the name is rare, he is probably her tenant at Diddington}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HUN 20,9}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Hardwick in Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 56,47-48}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Diddington
 and Hardwick descended together, to the Grimbaud family: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12408904 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid12807907 , ii. 269; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12408904 VCH Northamptonshire}{\insrsid12807907 , iv. 175. Alan's manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 2468)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  130.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7219722 ALBERT. The name Albert, or Aelbert, is fairly common, occurring in twenty}{\insrsid12807907 -three}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7219722  counties}{\insrsid12807907 
, though ten of these are accounted for by Albert of Lorraine. If he is 
excluded, the name is thinly spread between Cornwall and Yorkshire and among the lands of thirteen tenants-in-chief, with small clusters in Shropshire and East Anglia; five are pre-Conquest Aelberts.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ALBERT [* GRELLEY *]. The tenants of Roger of Poitou in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 16,14-17}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 26,2-5}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and Suffolk}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUF }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 8,13}{\insrsid12807907 -14;56-58}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  can be identified as Albert }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Greslet}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{\insrsid12807907 alias}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Albert }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 crematus}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{\insrsid12807907 named as }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 his tenant in Cheshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS R4,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907  }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 and Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 8,15}}}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 respectively, by the descent of these lands to the Grelley family: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 VCH Lancashire}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , i. 281, 326-44. Dr Keats-Rohan suggests that he is also the tenant of Reginald the sheriff and subtenant of Earl Roger of Shrewsbury in Shropshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,3,5;54-56;65. 4,26,2}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , presumably on the grounds that the name is uncommon and Earl Roger }{\insrsid12807907 is }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
the father of Roger of Poitou. Two centuries later, these manors were in the hands of the Rossall family, named from one of Albert's manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,3,56}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
; but in view of the late documentation and the early forfeiture of both the earldom of Shrewsbury and the lands of Roger of Poitou, this is inconclusive; the Grelley family certainly lost lands during that period: Tait, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Medieval Manchester}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 126, 131. Albert appears to have lived for another three decades or more}{\insrsid12807907  since}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 he is presumably the Albert recorded at Hainton, in the Lindsey Survey (16/5), a vill in which he held from Roger of Poitou in 1086. Albert's manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 (no. 277) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 132-33.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ALBERT [* OF LORRAINE *]. Albert the cleric, Albert the chaplain and Albert of Lorraine }{\insrsid12807907 were }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 identified by J.H. Round as }{\insrsid12807907 the same}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  man on the basis of a Westminster abbey charter which names Albert the cleric in Rutland as Albert of Lorraine: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Commune of London}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 36-38; Bates, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Regesta}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , no. 334, p. 973. Albert was a Lotharingian, chaplain to both Edward the Confessor
 and William I, holding land in both 1066 and 1086, in nine or ten counties. He is identified by one of his bynames as holding minor tenancies in chief in Kent, Surrey, Herefordshire, Bedfordshire and Rutland; and is almost certainly the Albert who held a
 comparable fief in Berkshire, a manor at Dedworth}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 56,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , since his successor there was Peter of Loreng (Lorraine), who succeeded to some of his Bedfordshire manors: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 845, 852, 861, 885, 887. As Albert the cleric, he held part of the royal manor of Windsor, two }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 from Dedworth, and almsland from the king in Warwickshire. He also held a church in Stamford, Lincolnshire. Dr Keats-Rohan suggests he held Moredon in Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 26,9}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. The descent of the manor, later shared between two families, casts no light on the identity of the Domesday Albert: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 725. Albert's 1086 manors are recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 148) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 133.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7219722 ALCHERE. }{\insrsid12807907 Alchere is an uncommon name which occurs fifteen times, distributed among six counties and the lands of seven tenants-in-chief. It }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7219722 
is thought to represent the Old English }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7219722 Ealhhere}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7219722 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7219722 Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7219722 
, p. 242. Despite this, twelve }{\insrsid12807907 Alcheres }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7219722 are post-Conquest landowners, several holding more substantial properties than the scraps usually held by English survivors.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ALCHERE <OF ASTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is uncommon}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\insrsid12807907 it is likely}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  that }{\insrsid12807907 the tenants of }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Henry of Ferrers }{\insrsid12807907 on }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 four respectable }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in}{\insrsid12807907  Derbyshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 6,28;30;32;50}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and a more modest one in Staffordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 10,8}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 are the same Alchere, his manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  form}{
\insrsid12807907 ing}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  a tight group on either side of the boundary between the two counties. }{\insrsid12807907 
On similar grounds, he may be the Alchere who held the respectable manor of Rayne in Essex from Hugh de Montfort}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 27,11}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; Ferrers held land nearby, at Stebbing. Alchere's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{
\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 3805)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  134.
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par ALCHERE <OF BRIMBLECOMBE>. }{\insrsid12807907 Although all three}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  pre-Conquest }{\insrsid12807907 Alcheres are Devonshire landowners}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\insrsid12807907 there are no links between}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the lord of the tiny property at Brimblecombe}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 40,3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 his two namesakes, both some distance away.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ALCHERE <OF LE PIN>. }{\insrsid12807907 The Alcheres who held Wytheford, Aston Eyre and Middleton Scriven in Shropshire from Reginald the sheriff, Albrighton from his predecessor Wari
n, and Harcourt from Earl Roger of Shrewsbury, are identified as one man, predecessor of the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Fitz Ayer family}{\insrsid12807907 , by the descent of his manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SHR}{\insrsid12807907 
 4,3,4;60;65;71. 4,27,35}}}{\insrsid12807907 : Eyton, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2626988 Antiquities of Shropshire}{\insrsid12807907 , ix. 309-20; x. 107-108. As the name is uncommon, he may be Earl Roger's tenant o
n the substantial manor of Mundham in Sussex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 11,41}}}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Williams, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4204244 English and the Norman Conquest}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , p. 91}{
\insrsid12807907 . Dr Keats-Rohan suggests he may be the Aubrey who held}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Cootham}{\insrsid12807907  from the earl}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 11,50}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, the one Aubrey in the county. Neither the earl or his tenants had a tenant of this name, easily confused with Alchere by a scribe, as happened with another of the earl's tenants, Fulco, represented both as }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2626988 
fratre Alcherii}{\insrsid12807907  and }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2626988 fratre Alberi}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2047744 Calendar of }{\i\insrsid12807907 d}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2047744 ocuments}{\i\insrsid12807907 :}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2047744  France}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 233-34. Alchere's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 1843)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  134.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ALCHERE <OF MULLACOTT>. }{\insrsid12807907 Although all three}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  pre-Conquest }{\insrsid12807907 Alcheres were Devonshire landowners}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\insrsid12807907 
there are no links between }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 the lord of the modest property at Mullacott}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 47,7}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 his two namesakes, both some distance away.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ALCHERE <OF SPRYTOWN>. }{\insrsid12807907 Although all three}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  pre-Conquest }{\insrsid12807907 Alcheres were Devonshire landowners}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\insrsid12807907 
there are no links between}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the lord of the modest property at Sprytown}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 39,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 his two namesakes, both some distance away.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14831248 ALDGYTH. The name Aldgyth occurs on }{\insrsid12807907 one fief and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14831248 sixteen holdings}{\insrsid12807907 , distributed among twelve counties between }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
Sussex }{\insrsid12807907 to}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Yorkshire}{\insrsid12807907  and Somerset to Suffolk}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\insrsid12807907 few of them substantial, and all but two }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
acquired by different tenants-in-chief}{\insrsid12807907 , with one cluster in Shropshire. Where sex is unclear, Aldgyth may be represented by Algeat or Alfgeat, though these forms do not appear to be connected
 to the Aldgyths listed below: von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14831248 Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 146, 183, 240-41. At times, the name is confused with Edith. There were six surviving Aldgyths.}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ALDGYTH<OF CREETING>. Aldgyth}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  who held half an acre }{\insrsid12807907 at Creeting}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  value}{\insrsid12807907 d at}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  one pence among the vavassors of Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 74,6}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{\insrsid12807907 is unlikely to be the other Aldgyth in Suffolk}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  with a small property worth one shilling at Tuddenham, }{\insrsid12807907 almost thirty}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 away}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 The text is ambiguous as to when she held her half-acre. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 The vavassors are not listed as individuals in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ALDGYTH <OF ELMBRIDGE>. Aldgyth}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  who held the tiny, anonymous holding worth three shillings in Elmbridge Hundred in Surrey in 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUR 1,16}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  has no links with her namesakes, though }{\insrsid12807907 as a survivor }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 she is conceivably the same woman as the tenant at Winterbourne in Sussex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 12,19}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{\insrsid12807907 roughly forty}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  to the south. Her manor is recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 448) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 134.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ALDGYTH <OF FOXCOTE>. }{\insrsid12807907 There are no links between Aldgyth, whose}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  land at Foxcote in Somerset }{\insrsid12807907 was acquired by the bishop of Coutances}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SOM 5,42}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and her namesakes. Her manor is fairly substantial so it is possible she is Gruffydd's wife; but there no links and her nearest manor is over eighty miles away.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ALDGYTH <OF GAINFIELD>. }{\insrsid12807907 Aldgyth, who }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 held }{\insrsid12807907 a}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 small}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{
\insrsid12807907 property}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  worth one shilling in Gainfield Hundred in Berkshire}{\insrsid12807907  from Osbern son of Richard}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 65,21}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has no links with her namesakes. Her manor is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 382)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  187.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ALDGYTH <OF MARSTON>. Aldgyth}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  who}{\insrsid12807907 se}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  respectable manor at Marston Montgomery in Derbyshire}{\insrsid12807907  was}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  acquired by Henry of Ferrers}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 
{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 6,51}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , has no links with her namesakes. }{\insrsid12807907 Professor Meyer}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 identifies her as Aldgyth wife of Gruffydd, which is possible in view of the status of the holding in Mercian territory, but unverifiable: 'Women's estates', p. 120.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ALDGYTH <OF MIDDLETON>. Aldgyth}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS CE6}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{\insrsid12807907 named elsewhere}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 as}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Edith}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 5E27}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{\insrsid12807907 whose}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  modest holding at Middleton in Yorkshire }{\insrsid12807907 
was illegally acquired by the Count of Mortain, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 has no apparent links }{\insrsid12807907 with}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  her namesakes}{\insrsid12807907 ; there are no other Ediths or Aldgyths in the county}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 Professor Meyer}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  tentatively suggests she }{\insrsid12807907 was}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  the wife of Gruffydd: 'Women's estates', p. 120.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ALDGYTH <OF NEWTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 Aldgyth, who held a small property at Newton in Warwickshire from Thorkil of Warwick}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 17,42}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is the only tenant of this name in the Midlands in 1086, without appar
ent links with her southern namesakes. It has been suggested that she is Aldgyth wife of Gruffydd, widow of King Harold, which is not entirely implausible since Newton is in Mercian territory and the Godiva who preceded Aldgyth was probably Countess Godiv
a (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
) - Lady Godiva - her grandmother: Meyer, 'Women's estates', p. 120. It seems unlikely, however, that Harold's widow would have remained in the country after 1066, and there is no other indication that she survived until 1086, and some later evidence
 to the contrary: Baxter, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 Earls of Mercia}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 127, 299-300. She is unidentified in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11802059  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907 
 (no. 28388), though}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11802059  }{\insrsid12807907 previously }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11802059 identified a}{\insrsid12807907 s the wife of Gruffydd: Keats-}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11802059 Rohan, 'Henry of Oxford', p. 300}{
\insrsid12807907 .
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ALDGYTH <OF TUDDENHAM>. Aldgyth}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  who held six acres valued at one shilling at Tuddenham in Suffolk acquired by Hervey of Bourges}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 67,15}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{\insrsid12807907 is unlikely to be the other Aldgyth in Suffolk, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 with a minuscule property worth one pence at Creeting, }{\insrsid12807907 almost thirty}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 away}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par ................................................................................................................................................................
\par ALDGYTH <OF WELLS>. Apart from two tiny pre-Conquest holdings in Suffolk, the Aldgyth who held the substantial manor of Wells in Norfolk in chief is the only woman of this name in Little Domesday}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 60,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. She has no links with her namesakes in Great Domesday. }{\insrsid12807907 It is possible that she is the sister of Ketil Alder (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16063180 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
), the Aldgyth named in the will her mother, Wulfgyth, though not for this manor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 : Whitelock, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Anglo-Saxon wills}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 84-}{\insrsid12807907 87}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , 197-}{\insrsid12807907 99. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Her manor is recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 9226) and referenced in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 134.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par ................................................................................................................................................................
\par ALDGYTH <OF WELSHAMPTON>. In view of the distribution of this name, it is probable that Aldgyths who held }{\insrsid12807907 a}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  cluster of five manors around Welshampton in Shropshire are one woman, though they were }{
\insrsid12807907 enfeoffed to}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  four tenants of the }{\insrsid12807907 e}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 arl of Shrewsbury}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 SHR 4,}{\insrsid12807907 
3,49;54. 4,10,4. 4,25,3. 4,26,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 Professor Meyer}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  identifies her as Aldgyth wife of Gruffydd, which is not implausible given th
at the cluster is in Mercian territory and the name uncommon there: 'Women's estates', p. 120. But in the absence of more specific links, or of }{\insrsid12807907 high-status}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  holdings, she is here treated as a}{
\insrsid12807907 nother woman}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par ................................................................................................................................................................
\par ALDGYTH <OF WINTERBOURNE>. The tenant of William of Warenne on a modest holding at Winterbourne in Sussex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 12,19}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  has no links with her namesakes, though }{\insrsid12807907 as a survivor }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 she is conceivably the same Aldgyth as the tenant of a tiny holding in 'Elmbridge' Hundred in Surrey, }{\insrsid12807907 roughly forty}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  to the north. She is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 16357).}{\insrsid12807907 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par ................................................................................................................................................................
\par ALDGYTH [* WIFE OF GRUFFYDD *]. Aldgyth}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  wife of }{\insrsid12807907 King }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Gruffydd}{\insrsid12807907  and daughter of Earl Algar of Mercia,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is recorded as the pre-Conquest lord of the moderately prosperous manor of Binley in Warwickshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 6,5}}}{\insrsid12807907  }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 and can be identified as the Aldgyth who held the substantial manor of Elmbridge in Worcestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WOR 19,13}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 by the succession of her son-in-law, Osbern son of Richard, to both manors. Osbern married her daughter, the legen
dary Nest. Aldgyth was widowed in 1063 and married King Harold Godwinson in 1066. She does not appear in Domesday Book as Queen Aldgyth, perhaps for the same reason that Harold is never King Harold. She }{\insrsid12807907 probably }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 bore a son, another Harold, and may have enjoyed a posthumous career as Queen 'Edith' in Auvergne: Baxter, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Earls of Mercia}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 299-}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 300. }{\insrsid12807907 Professor Meyer}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  suggests she is the same woman as Aldgyth of Welshampton}{\insrsid12807907 
 and also as the tenant at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Newton in Warwickshire in 1086}{\insrsid12807907 : 'Women's estates', p. 120}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par ................................................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907 ALDRED}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11488456 . Aldred }{\insrsid12807907 is a fairly common name which occurs almost seventy times, distributed among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11488456  }{\insrsid12807907 the lan
ds of the king and more than thirty of his tenants-in-chief and eighteen counties between Devon and Yorkshire, with clusters in Devon, Hampshire, Hertfordshire, Shropshire, Somerset and Yorkshire. There are survivors in ten counties, most of whom may be i
dentified as the brothers of Odo and Siward.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ALDRED [* BROTHER OF ODO *]. Aldred brother of Odo is named in the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Winton Domesday}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 (p. 42) and on three manors in the Hampshire folios, two of which he held or claimed in both 1066 and 1086, his third tenancy being his wife's dowry in 1066, which makes it likely he is the Aldred who held Kilmeston, previously held by his wife}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
HAM 2,7}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . His brother was Odo of Winchester (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ), which suggests he is the Aldred who shared a fief with him in Sussex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 14,1-2}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , each also holding part of the manor of Micheldever}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 6,16}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . He is probably also the Aldred who held three consecutive manors in Devon}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
DEV 52,26-28}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , the previous four held by his brother under the alias of Odo son of Edric. In the third of his Devon manors, the name-form is }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Edred}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, otherwise unknown in Devon, perhaps a scribal error. This manor, like the other two, was held for the twenty years after 1066, an id
entifying characteristic of the majority of Aldred's manors, also apparent in Wiltshire, Somerset and perhaps Gloucestershire. Of the five consecutive manors held by Aldred among the royal thanes of Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 67,34-38}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , the first two were held between 1066 and 1086, as were both those among the thanes of Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 45,16-17}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, the last Wiltshire manor being identified as that of Aldred brother of Odo by the Geld Roll for the county: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 VCH Wiltshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, ii. 215-16. Odo had a manor on the same fief. Finally, Odo's brother may be the Aldred who held Monksilver in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 21,39}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, as suggested by J.H. Round, and 'Wapley Rectory' in Gloucestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 6,6}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, these being the only other manors in the south-western counties held by an Aldred between 1066 and 1086: }{\insrsid12807907 Round, 'Domesday survey of Somerset', pp. 416-17; 'Domesday survey of Hampshire', pp.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  427-28. }
{\insrsid12807907 If he held Wapley, he is probably the pre-Conquest lord of Harry Stoke}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 6,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 , both manors being held by the only Aldreds in the county and both acquired by the bishop of Coutances. }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Aldred's 1086 manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 457) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 134-35, apart from Monksilver and 'Wapley', whose tenants are unidentified (nos. 14880, 29469); see also Williams, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4204244 English and the Norman Conquest}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, pp. 115-16.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \cbpat8 {\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ALDRED [* BROTHER OF SIWARD *]. Aldred, }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 named}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 by Orderic Vitalis (ii. 194-95) as the brother of Siward the fat (}{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 q.v.}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 )}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , son of Aethelgar and great
-nephew of King Edward, is probably the Aldred who was }{\insrsid12807907 either }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 predecessor or tenant of the same tenants-in-chief as his brother in Shropshire: }{\insrsid12807907 that is, }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Earl Roger of Shrewsbury, Reginald the sheriff, Ralph of Mortimer and Roger of Lacy. Reginald acquired the valuable manor of Longnor from him}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,3,15}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
; Ralph of Mortimer, 'Tumberland'}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 6,17}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , and Roger of Lacy, Stokesay}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 7,5}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, the most valuable of all his manors. In its place, Roger granted him the modest, but still valuable manor of Aldon, where he succeeded his brother, Siward}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 7,6}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. Earl Roger allowed him to retain Smethcott and endowed him Acton Scott}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,27,15;33}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Aldred's three tenancies are the only ones held by an Aldred between the }{
\expnd1\expndtw7\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid6100546 Bristol Channel and the Humber}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Smethcott is adjacent to Longnor, Aldon to Stokesay, and Acton midway between the two pairs}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 . T}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 he one other Aldred in the county, }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 the pre-Conquest lord of}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Stanwardine, some distance from the nearest of these manors}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
, is perhaps another man}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Aldred }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (nos. 31096, 31118, 31191).}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ALFHEAH.}{\insrsid12807907 
 The name Alfheah occurs two dozen times, distributed among ten counties between Cornwall and Nottinghamshire and the lands of the king and thirteen of his tenants-in-chief; there are no survivors of this name.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ALFHEAH <OF BARTON>. As the name is uncommon}{\insrsid12807907  and the vills four miles apart}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , the Alfheahs who preceded Henry of Ferrers at Barton and Hollington in Derbyshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
DBY 6,34;42}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 are very probably one}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 man. He may be the same man as the Alfheahs in Nottinghamshire since the Alfheahs of these two counties are almo
st entirely isolated from their namesakes elsewhere and the manors may have been allocated on the basis on the wapentakes in which they lay, Henry's being in 'his' wapentake of 'Appletree': Fleming, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10777967 Kings and lords}{
\insrsid12807907 , pp. 162-65}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par ................................................................................................................................................................
\par ALFHEAH <OF NORMANTON>. As the name is uncommon, the Alfheahs who preceded William Peverel at Normanton in Derbyshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 7,4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and Beeston and Basford in Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 10,34;51}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 may be }{\insrsid12807907 one}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 man}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{\insrsid12807907 who is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  perhaps }{\insrsid12807907 also the Alfheah}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  at Papplewick in the same }{\insrsid12807907 wapentake}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 30,29}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{\insrsid12807907 a vill in which}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 Peverel held in chief. He is possibly the Alfheah on two other manors in the county}{\insrsid12807907  and may be the Derbyshire Alf
heah since the Alfheahs of these two counties are almost entirely isolated from their namesakes elsewhere and the manors may have been allocated on the basis on the wapentakes in which they lay, William's being in 'his' wapentake of Broxtowe: Fleming, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10777967 Kings and lords}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 162-65.
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par ................................................................................................................................................................
\par ALFHEAH <OF STANFORD>. Alfheah}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  who preceded Robert son of William at Stanford in Nottinghamshire}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  probably also held its dependency, Leake}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NTT 28,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . It is possible he is the same Alfheah as the }{\insrsid12807907 predecessors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  of }{\insrsid12807907 William Peverel }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Nottinghamshire}{
\insrsid12807907  and Henry of Ferrers in Derbyshire, though there are no links to confirm either identification}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ALFRED [* NEPHEW OF WIGOT *]. Alfred was a minor tenant-in-chief in Oxfordshire, where he is named as the nephew of the English magnate, Wigot of Wallingford (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 q.v.}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ), whose estates were acquired by Miles Crispin and Robert d'Oilly, links which help to identify Alfred's manors at Eaton in Berkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 33,8}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 and Harpsden and Cuxham in Oxfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 35,26;31}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , held from Miles Crispin, and Harlington in Middlesex}{\insrsid12807907 , from Earl Roger of Shrewsbury}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab MDX 7,4}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , where }{\insrsid12807907 Alfred}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  succeeded his uncle, as at Cuxham. Dr Keats-Rohan suggests he also held }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Sexintone}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 in Oxfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 7,13}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and Inglewood in Berkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 65,18}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Although it cannot be verified, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Sexintone}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is plausible}{\insrsid12807907  since}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 it is surrounded by manors of Robert d'Oilly; but Inglewood probably belonged to another man. It appears to be a misplaced holding of William son of Ansculf, in which case Alfred is more likely to be the Alfred who held Hartridge from William, his 
only such tenant in the dozen counties where he was a tenant-in-chief. The Alfred at Hartridge}{\insrsid12807907 , moreover,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  held the}{\insrsid12807907  same manor }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
in 1066 and there are no indications that Wigot's nephew was a Domesday landowner at that date. }{\insrsid12807907 Dr Williams points to the difficul
ty of distinguishing native and Breton Alfreds in identifying Wigot's nephew; but neither Crispin or Earl Roger appear to have had Breton tenants: }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Williams, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4204244 
English and the Norman Conquest}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 100-102}{\insrsid12807907 . }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Alfred's manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 (no. 1575) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 143}{\insrsid12807907 .}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ALFRED [* OF CHANC\'c9 *]. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11952366 Alfred is identified by Dr Keats-Rohan, from the evidence of the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10317099 Lindsey Survey}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid11952366  which reveals that Alfred's tenancies from Guy }{\insrsid12807907 of Craon }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11952366 were later held by }{\insrsid12807907 either }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11952366 Walter son of Alfred}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid11952366 LIN }{\insrsid12807907 57,1-4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11952366  }{\insrsid12807907 or}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11952366  Alfred of Laughton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11952366 LIN 57,5-}{
\insrsid12807907 9}}}{\insrsid12807907 , named from his vill of Laughton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 57,7}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11952366 . }{\insrsid12807907 According to the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11952366 
 Survey, Alfred of Laughton also held land in Hibaldstow, Scawby and Castlethorpe, }{\insrsid12807907 identifying}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11952366  the Domesday Alfred who held in those vills from Kolsveinn of Lincoln}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid11952366 LIN }{\insrsid12807907 26,17;19}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11952366 . An Alfred also had }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11952366  in Scawby from Osbern of Arques}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11952366 
LIN }{\insrsid12807907 41,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11952366 , Durand Malet}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11952366 LIN }{\insrsid12807907 44,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11952366  and Odo the bowman}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid11952366 LIN }{\insrsid12807907 48,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11952366 , and in Redbourne from Kolsveinn}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11952366 LIN }{\insrsid12807907 
26,18}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11952366 , Osbern}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11952366 LIN }{\insrsid12807907 41,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11952366 , and Odo}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11952366 LIN }{\insrsid12807907 
48,3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11952366 , }{\insrsid12807907 all therefore}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11952366  }{\insrsid12807907 likely to be }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11952366 Guy's tenant. These links are reinforced by shared predecessors}{
\insrsid12807907  and family ties}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11952366 : Osbern and Odo}{\insrsid12807907  were preceded by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11952366 Grimbald, Odo and Guy}{\insrsid12807907 
 by Esbiorn, while Alfred appears to have married the heiress of Odo, since the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10317099 Lindsey Survey}{\insrsid12807907  reveals that }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11952366 Odo was succeeded on several }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid11952366  by an }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid746107 Anfrid}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11952366  and Alfred (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11952366 Alfreit}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11952366 ) }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11952366 
de Canceio}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11952366 , from whom the family name of Chauncy derives}{\insrsid12807907 : Sanders, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11952366 English baronies}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 78-79}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11952366 .}{
\insrsid12807907  Alfred also held land from Guy at Mission in Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 1,66}}}{\insrsid12807907 , a dependency of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11952366 Laughton}{\insrsid12807907 . }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid11952366 Dr Keats-Rohan}{\insrsid12807907  suggests that Alfred was a Breton, 'perhaps' from Chanc\'e9 in Brittany (Ille-et-Vilaine: arrondissement Rennes). His manors (though not their dependencies) }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 2480)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  140-41.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ALFRED [* OF GRANDCOURT *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Alfred, who held Thurning in Huntingdonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HUN 19,18}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Polebrook and Clopto
n in Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 55,3;6}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 from Eustace the sheriff, is identified in the estate book of the Hotot family, which records that Roger of Louvetot, baron of Southoe, granted these manors, which he himself held from the abbey of Peterborough, to Alfred of Grandcourt, 'his knight': }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8004497 Estate records of }{\i\insrsid12807907 the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8004497 Hotot family}{\insrsid12807907 
, p. 16. They descended to his heirs, though according to thirteenth-century tradition the family name changed to Clapton, 'from the difficulty the lower people found in pronouncing his Norman name': King, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6186176 
Peterborough abbey}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 47. Eustace had no other tenants of this name. Alfred's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 2481)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907 , p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  141.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ALFRED [* OF LINCOLN *]. The Alfred}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  who occur in many of the Lincolnshire Claims }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 probably the tenant-in-chief, Alfred of Lincoln, a major landholder in the county. He held land in the vills of Stewton, Huttoft, Goxhill, Coates and Uffington to which Claims refer}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN CS10;16-17. CN5;12. CK2}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . He had no land at either Keddington}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN CS9}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  or Ulceby}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN CN4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, the subject of other claims}{\insrsid12807907 ; but}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Keddington had a dependency in Cockerington, where}{\insrsid12807907  Alfred of Lincoln's share in a mill was}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  in dispute; and }{
\insrsid12807907 he}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  held land in vills adjacent to Ulceby,}{\insrsid12807907  when}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  no other Alfred }{\insrsid12807907 did so}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 T}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 he one other unidentified Alfred in the county, }{\insrsid12807907 who had }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 nine messuages in Stamford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN S11}}}{\insrsid12807907 , }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 is also likely to be him, as the most significant landowner of that name. Alfred's manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 332) and referenced in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 141-42.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ALFRED [* OF MARLBOROUGH *]. The Alfreds who held Chelwood and Belluton in Somerset from Count Eustace of Boulogne}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 17,5-6}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 are probably Alfred of Marlborough, who held two other tenancies on the Count}{\insrsid12807907 's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  fief. Alfred's solitary manor held in chief in Somerset}{\insrsid12807907 , at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 Chelwood, is three }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  from Belluton, duplicated in the entry for the royal manor of Keynsham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 1,28}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. Count Eustace had no other tenants of this name elsewhere. The three unidentified Alfreds in circuit five are probably also Alfred of Marlborough}{\insrsid12807907 , a tenant-in-chief in Herefordshire, where he was established before the Conquest}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Alfred at Didley in Herefordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 2,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 is identified by reference to the Marlborough castlery of Ewyas Harold. The other two are probably one }{\insrsid12807907 man since}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  both }{\insrsid12807907 of his manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
were acquired from a Frani, an uncommon }{\insrsid12807907 name which}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  occurs nowhere else in the county. One was a subtenancy of the royal manor of Bromsgrove}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WOR 1,1c}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, which was partially in Herefordshire, where Alfred of Marlborough had other holdings on the royal demesne. The substantial manor of Rous Lench was held from Urso the sheriff as a subtenancy, }{\insrsid12807907 which}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 cannot be traced}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab WOR 2,18}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Alfred's manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 360) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}
{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 142.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ALFRED [* OF `SPAIN' *]. Alfred}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  who held two hides from Glastonbury abbey at Okeford Fitzpaine in Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 8,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is }{\insrsid12807907 named}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Alfred of 'Spain' in the Geld Roll for the county; although the hidage there is slightly larger, it cannot refer to anyone else: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 VCH Dorset}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , iii. 139-40. He is also the Alfred on the royal manor of Williton}{\insrsid12807907  in Somerset}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, identified by reference to his manor of Monksilver}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 1,6}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . He was a tenant-in-chief in both}{\insrsid12807907  counties}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, and also in Devon, Herefordshire and Wiltshire. His manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 296) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 141.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par ................................................................................................................................................................
\par ALFRED [* OF THAME *]. Alfred}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  who held six hides 'with his associate' in the bishop of Lincoln's manor of Thame in Oxfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 6,10}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is almost certainly Alfred of Thame}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  who held an unnamed manor from Giles son of Ansculf in Buckinghamshire. Neither Giles or }{\insrsid12807907 the }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 bishop had other tenants of this name. Alfred's manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 743) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 142.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ALFRED <OF }{\insrsid12807907 WELFORD}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 The Alfreds - }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16728657 Alfridus}{\insrsid12807907 
, the form is unique - who held Welford and its dependencies in Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 47,1a-1c}}}{\insrsid12807907  and }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5072205 Lilinge}{\insrsid12807907  in Leicestershire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
LEC 29,6}}}{\insrsid12807907  from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13058648 Geoffrey de la Guerche may be }{\insrsid12807907 one}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13058648  man. He is the only Alfred in Leicestershire, and other}{\insrsid12807907  Alfreds in 
Northamptonshire may identified as different men with reasonable confidence; Geoffrey had no other tenants of this name. Welford and its dependencies was held by the Wyville family in the Northamptonshire Survey and later; the descent of Leicestershire ma
nor has not been traced: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13058648 VCH Northamptonshire}{\insrsid12807907 , i. 379-80; }{\i\expnd1\expndtw7\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8214004 Charters of the Honour of Mowbray}{\expnd1\expndtw7\cf1\insrsid12807907 
, p. 264. Alfred's}{\insrsid12807907  manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 9357)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 135, where - following the normal practice of }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13058648 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  - the dependencies 
of Welford are assigned to the tenant-in-chief. The Northamptonshire Survey and later records show, however, that they were held by Alfred's successors.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ALFRED [* THE BRETON *]. Alfred}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  who held Panson in Devon from Roald Dubbed}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 DEV 3}{\insrsid12807907 5,4
}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is identified as the tenant-in-chief Alfred the Breton in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Exon.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ; and }{\insrsid12807907 the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Alfred at Chitterley - and }{\insrsid12807907 'also' }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Thornbury - in the same county must be Alfred the Breton, whose tax in Silverton Hundred was unpaid, though the assessments do not quite match}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
DEV 15,59-60}}}{\insrsid12807907 , as is often the case}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 : }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Devonshire Domesday}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, i. p. xxvi. This raises an interesting possibility. Both manors were held from the Count of Mortain, whose tenant Alfred the butler held a vast Honour stretching from Cornwall to Yorkshire, including nine manors in Devon. Nowhere is the }{
\insrsid12807907 C}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ount's tenant named the Breton apart from this entry in the Geld Roll. Alfred acquired Chitterley from Hademar, a rare }{\insrsid12807907 name which}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 occurs only on the lands of the Count of Mortain, in one other case (of three) as the predecessor of Alfred the butler at 'Stockleigh' in Devon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 15,18}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. Alfred at Chitterley }{\insrsid12807907 and Thornbury }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 may therefore be Alfred the butler, and the same man as }{\insrsid12807907 the tenant-in-chief }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Alfred the Breton}{\insrsid12807907 
, unless there were two Alfred the Bretons in Devon. The manors of the tenant-in-chief and the Count's tenant descended to different Honours, though Panson and Thornbury did not, Panson being later held (as before the Conques
t) by the abbey of Tavistock and Thornbury by Montacute priory of an unknown Honour: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3552801 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 781, 797}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Alfred the Breton's manors - including Chitterley}{
\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Thornbury }{\insrsid12807907 and Panson }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 - are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 154) and referenced in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 139-40.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par ................................................................................................................................................................
\par ALFRED [* THE BUTLER *]. Alfred the butler was probably the wealthiest of the honorial barons of the Count of Mortain, the element of doubt due to the fact that his byname is often omitted. It is not recorded at all in Domesday Book; but }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Exon.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  names him butler on seven manors in Devon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 15,16-19;32-33;55}}}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 one in Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 15,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 and three in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 19,39;80;86}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . It is likely that he is the Alfred on most, probably all, of the Count's manors in those counties}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
DEV 15,9;31. DOR 26,42;62. SO}{\insrsid12807907 M 19,40-42;47;49;51;53;61;69;79}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , and also his tenant in Cornwall}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 5,11,1-7}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, his lands forming the barony of Chiselborough}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 19,47}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  held by his heirs: Sanders, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 English baronies}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, p. 34. He is 'certainly' Alfred on the Count's Sussex fief}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 10,1-2;87}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 VCH Sussex}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, i. 380. His grandson, Richard son of William, held a total of forty fees in Sussex, Dorset, Somerset, Devon and Cornwall, five of the nine counties in which Alfred the butler had a significant presence: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Red Book}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , i. 204, 220, 25
7, 262. In Northamptonshire, all eight manors of Alfred are stated to be held by one man (NTH, 18,67-75), the Northamptonshire Survey revealing that most were held by Alfred's heir, William, as well as a tenancy from William Peverel at Guilsborough}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NTH 35,23}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 VCH Northamptonshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , i. 378-79. He is identified as the Count's tenant in Yorkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 5W38}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 by his grant of tithes to the abbey of St Albans: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Early Yorkshire charters}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , ii. 282-83. The descent of his manors in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 12,26;30}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 and Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 4,5;7}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  has not been traced; but his heirs had interests in both counties, albeit slight in the latter case: Salzman, 'Alvred }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 pincerna'}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 163, 170-72; Farrer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Honors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , i. 199-201. It is possible that he is the}{\insrsid12807907  same man as }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
the Count's tenant}{\insrsid12807907  Alfred the Breton at }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Chitterley }{\insrsid12807907 and Thornbury in Devon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 DEV 15,}{\insrsid12807907 
59-60}}}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 named in the Geld Roll for }{\insrsid12807907 Wonford Hundred}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 where Thornbury lay; and, if so, the tenant-in-chief }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Alfred the Breton. }{\insrsid12807907 The manors of the tenant-in-chief and the Count's tenant descended to different Honours, though Thornbury may not have done s
o, being later held by Montacute priory of an unknown Honour: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3552801 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 781, 797. The butler's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  manors - }{\insrsid12807907 apart from}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Chitterley }{\insrsid12807907 and Thornbury}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  - are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 233) and referenced in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 143-45, where references for Cornwall and Northamptonshire are omitted.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ALFRED [* THE STEWARD *]. Alfred, who held Swainswick in Somerset 1066 and 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 47,18}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , is named Alfred of Wick }{\insrsid12807907 (from the vill name) }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 in the Geld Roll for Bath Hundred}{\insrsid12807907 , where }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Swainswick }{\insrsid12807907 lay}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ; the assessments do not agree, }{\insrsid12807907 but }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 he is the only Alfred in }{\insrsid12807907 the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Hundred in 1086: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 VCH Somerset}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, i. 528. He is probably the Alfred who held the other part of Swainswick in 1066 and Twerton - four }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  away - after the Conquest, both acquired by the bishop of Coutances}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 S}{\insrsid12807907 OM 5,38;46}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 The bishop had another Alfred on his Honour, at Barlington in Devon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 3,19}}}{\insrsid12807907 
; but the holding is small and over 100 miles away. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 At Twerton, he is named Alfred the steward in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Exon}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, presumably steward of Queen Edith, from whom he held the manor. He is the only Alfred in the south-western counties to retain his manor between 1066 and 1086. He is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 15306).
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ALFRITH.}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Apart from an Edwin Alfrith in Leicestershire, the name Alfrith occurs }{\insrsid12807907 six}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  times}{\insrsid12807907 
, Aelfrith five. Although accepted as separate names by von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11346505 Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 144, 183, they are employed as equivalents by the scribe. The two names are distributed among five counties and the lands of four tenants-in-chief. The forms Aelfrith and Alfrith are distinguished 
in the translation but treated as equivalent in these notes.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ALFRITH <OF CROOM>. Alfrith}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who shared a small property with an Uglubarth }{\insrsid12807907 at Croom }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 in Yorkshire }{
\insrsid12807907 before the Conquest}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 YKS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid684667 1E59}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 
has no links with other Alfriths or Aelfriths}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ALFRITH}{\insrsid12807907 ?}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  <OF }{\insrsid12807907 HANDSWORTH}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. A}{\insrsid12807907 e}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 lfrith}{\insrsid12807907  (}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9649741 Ailuerd}{\insrsid12807907 ),}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 who shared a modest manor at Handsworth in Staffordshire acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9649741 William son of Ansculf}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
STS 12,29}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is unlikely to be related to his namesakes, whether Aelfrith or Alfrith, all remote and without tenurial or other links.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9649741 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ALFRITH <OF MORETON>. Alfrith}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 who held}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  half a hide }{\insrsid12807907 at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 Moreton in Gloucestershire }{\insrsid12807907 from Westminster abbey in 1066 and 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 19,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 has no links with other Alfriths or Aelfriths}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907  He is the one survivor of either name.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ALFRITH <OF PIDDLETRENTHIDE>. All the manors of Alfrith and Aelfrith in Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 9,1. 47,3-4;9}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 22,14;19;24;26}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 were acquired by Roger Arundel which}{\insrsid12807907  - since both }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 forms}{\insrsid12807907  are rare -}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 almost certainly means}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 they refer to one man. It is likely that he had a brother, or relative, Almer of Piddletrenthide}{\insrsid12807907  (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11272454 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 )}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, also a predecessor of Roger Arundel in the same two counties. Between them, Alfrith and Almer contributed }{\insrsid12807907 over}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  half the value of Roger's Honour. Alfrith may be the royal official, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Aeilferth minister}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , who witnessed a grant of Edward the Confessor in 1061: Round: }{\insrsid12807907 'Domesday survey of Somerset', p.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 419. A list of his manors is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 English nobility, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 pp. 234-35, which }{\insrsid12807907 does not include}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Timberscombe and Charlton}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SOM 22,14;19}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Alfrith and Almer are collectively ranked by }{\insrsid12807907 Dr Clarke }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 forty-secon
d in wealth among untitled laymen; the addition of Timberscombe and Charlton would raise them several places.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ALGAR [* "CIDA" *]. Algar}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  who held Kingston}{\insrsid12807907 -on-Soar}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and Barton}{\insrsid12807907 -in-Fabis}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  among the }{\insrsid12807907 king's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  thanes }{\insrsid12807907 in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 30,19;23}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is }{\insrsid12807907 named}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Algar }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Cida}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , brother of Ulfkil, }{\insrsid12807907 in a}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 grant of their lands to St Cuthbert's and the monks of Durham. He is probably the one other unidentified Algar in the county, at Costock, }{\insrsid12807907 acquired by Roger of Bully}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 9,94}}}{\insrsid12807907 , }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 since he shared this manor with Godric son of Fredegis (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ) whose manor was part of the same grant to Durham: Bates, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Regesta}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{\insrsid12807907 no. 116, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 p. 409.}{\insrsid12807907  Roger had no other Algars on his Honour.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 [* EARL *] ALGAR. Although Algar is a common name, the scribe appears to have been careful to accord the earl hi
s title. In the handful of cases where this is not so, his association with royal or comital manors, or his status as overlord, allow him to be identified with reasonabl}{\insrsid12807907 
e confidence. The Algar who held royal manor of Newton Solney in Derbyshire and eight messuage}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  in }{\insrsid12807907 the county town}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY B14. 1,18}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 is almost certainly the earl, as is the fictitious }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Earl Edgar}{\insrsid12807907  at Great Chesterford in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 1,9}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, confirmed by a reference to this manor in Cambridgeshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 1,10}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Similarly,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  the Algar who held the }{\insrsid12807907 royal manor of Badmonsfield in Suffolk is
 undoubtedly the earl, since he held its dependency in Denston}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 1,121. 65,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 .He probably also held the very }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 valuable (\'a3
25) manor of Broadwell in Oxfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 54,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , possibly once a royal manor}{\insrsid12807907  since}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  it was in the hands of Princess Christina in 1086}{
\insrsid12807907 ; and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 he }{\insrsid12807907 is identified as the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Algar at Willoughby in Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 30,26}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 by its dependence on the royal manor of Broughton. The association of Algar's family with Burton abbey suggests that the Algar who held the abbey's manor of Coton}{\insrsid12807907 -in-the-Elms}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  in Derbyshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
DBY 3,4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is the earl, }{\insrsid12807907 this being }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 confirmed by a royal writ: Bates, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Regesta}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , no. 33, p. 19}{
\insrsid12807907 4}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Finally, as the only overlord of this name in Great Domesday, the Algar at Berkesden in Hertfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 H}{\insrsid12807907 
RT 37,19}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is probably the earl; others of his men held land in the nearby vills of Luffenhall, Wyddial 
and Wakeley. Despite the ubiquity of his name, it is unlikely that he is to be identified with many, if indeed any, other Algars, since only two held manors assessed at three hides or more in counties where he had a presence. In one of these}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
WOR 8,20}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{\insrsid12807907 an }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Algar shared 3}{\insrsid12807907  1/2}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 hides with a Thorkil; while in the other, the royal manor of Winfarthing in Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 1,169}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, Algar is described as '(Earl) Harold's free man', an improbable association for a Mercian earl.
\par \tab Earl Algar was the son of Earl Leofric and Countess Godiva, and father of earls Edwin and Morcar; he was earl of East Anglia (1051-1057) and of Mercia (1057-62). }{\expnd0\expndtw2\insrsid12807907\charrsid8874256 He was probably }{
\expnd1\expndtw5\insrsid12807907\charrsid8874256 dead by 1063, see }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Harmer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Writs}{\expnd1\expndtw5\insrsid12807907\charrsid8874256 , pp. 546-47. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
His stormy political career is documented by Baxter, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Earls of Mercia}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 43-48. A list of his manors is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 English nobility}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 206-212, which }{\insrsid12807907 does not include}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  his demesne manors at Granby in Nottinghamshire, Smallands in Essex, and the }{\insrsid12807907 (1086) }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 valuation of Holbeach in Lincolnshire; and those of his men at Middleton in Essex and Tuddenham in Suffolk. Algar is ranked fourth in wealth among the nobility by }{\insrsid12807907 Dr }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Clarke; Baxter, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Earls of Mercia}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 129, supplies other estimates of his manorial income}{\insrsid12807907 , his own (\'a3714) agreeing with that of Dr Clarke; the }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6105212 Statistics}{\insrsid12807907  database total (\'a3787) is sign
ificantly higher, the difference largely accounted for by the omissions noted and the value to be assigned to Great Baddow in Essex, valued at eight nights' provisions before the Conquest (estimated in the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6105212 Statistics}{
\insrsid12807907  database as \'a310 per night for Essex and East Anglia ) and \'a317 in 1086, the value accepted by Dr Clarke.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ALGAR <OF TRENANCE>. Algar, who held a small fief from Count Robert of Mortain in Cornwall}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 5,15,1-6}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, is the only Algar in the county in 1086. His six manors are in south Cornwall, mostly along the coast, between Trenance and Pelynt. He might be the tenant of Dunstone, further along the coast, in Devon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 52,42}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, who was one of only two Algars in Devon in 1086; but although two English survivors in the same area is suggestive, there are no other links to }{\insrsid12807907 support}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  an identification}{\insrsid12807907 ; t}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 he pre-Conquest Algars in Cornwall are all on the other side of the county}{\insrsid12807907 , and without links}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Algar's manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 237) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 136.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par ALGEAT. Al}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7537211 geat}{\insrsid12807907  is a rare name which occurs in four counties, on the lands of four tenants-in-chief, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7537211 probably borne by that number of individuals}{\insrsid12807907 
 in 1066}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7537211 . It may be confused with}{\insrsid12807907  Alfgeat or Aldgyth where sex is uncertain: }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7537211 von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7537211 Pre-Conquest personal names}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid7537211 , p}{\insrsid12807907 . 146.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7537211 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7537211 .............................................................................................................................................
\par ALGEAT <OF BULKINGTON>. Algeat}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7537211  }{\insrsid12807907 whose }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 share}{\insrsid12807907 d}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 manor}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 worth \'a31 }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 at Bulkington in Warwickshire }{\insrsid12807907 was acquired by the Count of Meulan}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 16,41}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has no links with his namesakes. No Alfgeats or Aldgyths are recorded elsewhere on the Honour of the Count, and no Alfgeats in the county, though Aldgyth of Newton was a tenant in the same Hundred.
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907 .............................................
................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907 ALGEAT <OF "HATETE"}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid7537211 Algeat}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7537211  }{\insrsid12807907 whose }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 share}{\insrsid12807907 d}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 manor}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 worth thirty shillings }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 at }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7537211 Hatete}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in }{\insrsid12807907 Worcestershire}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 was acquired by Urso of Abetot}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WOR 26,9}}}{\insrsid12807907 , has no links with his name
sakes and is unlikely to be Alfgeat the monk, recorded on the same fief, the one Alfgeat in the county, but could possibly be Aldgyth wife of Gruffydd (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6048591 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ) at Elmbridge}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907  Urso had no Alfgeats or Aldgyths on his Honour.
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907 ...................................
..........................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ALGEAT <OF SHAWBURY>. }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid7537211 Algeat}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7537211  }{\insrsid12807907 whose }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 share}{\insrsid12807907 d}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 manor}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 worth twelve shillings }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 at Shawbury in Shropshire}{\insrsid12807907  was acquired by Gerard of Tournai}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,23,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 , has no links wi
th his namesakes}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907  It is possible he is the one Alfgeat in the county, in the lost vill of 'Slackbury'}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2180316 SHR 4,26,1}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , which can be no great distance away, or even Aldgyth of Welshampton (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6048591 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ); but there are no links}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  to confirm }{\insrsid12807907 
either identification}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2180316 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ALGEAT <OF WESTON>. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7537211 Algeat}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7537211  }{\insrsid12807907 who held}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 
Hail Weston in Huntingdonshire acquired by Eustace the sheriff}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HUN 19,27}{\insrsid12807907 . D11}}}{\insrsid12807907 , has no links with his namesakes}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907  The Huntingdonshire Claims reveal that he 'himself' held the manor from Earl Tosti and subsequently Earl Waltheof}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3897137 HUN D11}}}{
\insrsid12807907 . No Alfgeats are recorded in the county or on the sheriff's manors elsewhere.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ALGOT.}{\insrsid12807907  Algot is a rare forename which occurs once each in four counties, on the lands of four tenants-in-chief, twice among pre-Conquest lords, twice for tenants in 1086 who
se name-forms may be of continental derivation: von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid12807907 Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 146.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ALGOT <OF ASTON>. Algot (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Aelgotus}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 )}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  who held }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5143798 Aston-by-Stone}{
\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 in Staffordshire from Robert of Stafford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 11,23}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is one of }{\insrsid12807907 two }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
surviving Algots - the other in Berkshire - but there are no links between the}{\insrsid12807907  two}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . It has been suggested that Algot is a scribal error for Helgot, Robe
rt's tenant on the following manor of Barlaston, five }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  from Aston, though }{\insrsid12807907 the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  descent }{\insrsid12807907 of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Barlaston suggests it was held by Helgot of Holdgate (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ). Aston and Barlaston are assigned to Algot/Helgot in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 3613) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 247.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par ................................................................................................................................................................
\par ALGOT <OF BASFORD>. Algot (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Algod}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 )}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  who shared the manor of Old Basford}{\insrsid12807907  in Nottinghamshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NTT 10,51}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  acquired by William Peverel, has no links with his pre-Conquest namesake, Algot (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Alcot}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ) the monk, at Defford in Worcestershire.}{
\insrsid12807907 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par ................................................................................................................................................................
\par ALGOT <OF ROWBURY>. Algot (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Algolt}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 )}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  who held a subtenancy in Rowbury Hundred in Berkshire from Gilbert of Ghent}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
BRK 37,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  has no }{\insrsid12807907 links with his}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  namesakes. His subtenancy is not included in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ALI <OF BULCAMP>. }{\insrsid12807907 As both }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Ali}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 in Domesday are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  dependant}{
\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  of Manni, a predecessor of Roger Bigot in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 7,19;54}}}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 there can be little doubt }{\insrsid12807907 they are}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 one}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 man}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . The name is possibly the same as Alli; but none of the handful of }{\insrsid12807907 Allis}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  - all in Great Domesday - have discernible connections with the man of Manni}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15150746 von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid12807907 Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 146-47}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ALLI. Alli}{\insrsid12807907  is a rare name which}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  occurs nine }{\insrsid12807907 times}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\insrsid12807907 
distributed among the lands of six tenants-in-chief and five counties, all but one of the names occ
urring in the neighbouring counties of Bedfordshire, Buckinghamshire and Northamptonshire. There are no survivors. It is possibly the same name as Ali, which occurs only twice, in Suffolk: }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15150746 von Feilitzen, }{
\i\insrsid12807907 Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , pp. 146-47}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ALLI <OF }{\insrsid12807907 "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 CELVERDESCOTE}{\insrsid12807907 "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 
As the name is rare and the distribution localised, it is possible that }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 the Alli at }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Celverdescote}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 18,11}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,
}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 whose manor was acquired by the Count of Mortain, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 is }{\insrsid12807907 Alli of Lavendon; but there are no links to confirm this}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}
{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
ALLI <OF LAVENDON>. The Allis in Bedfordshire and Buckinghamshire are probably one man, though his manors were acquired by four tenants-in-chief. His seven manors form a cluster along the border between the two counties. Three of the f
our Buckinghamshire manors }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  in Lavendon, one acquired by the bishop of Coutances, the others by Countess Judith, the bishop obtaining the fourth, in the adjacent vill of Clifton Reynes}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
BUK 5,15;18. 53,3-4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . The Countess also succeeded Alli at Felmersham in Bedfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 53,11}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , h
is other manors - at Carlton and Pavenham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 47,1. 57,6}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 - lying between Felmersham and Lavendon. On five of his seven manors, Alli is described as a man, Guard or thane of King Edward. It is possible, even likely, that he is the Alli at }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Celverdescote}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  in Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 18,11}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , a manor of similar status to his others; but there are no links to confirm this.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ALLI <OF RODBASTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, t}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 he Alli }{\insrsid12807907 whose manor of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Rodbaston in Staffordshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
STS 13,9}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 was acquired by Richard the forester }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 may be }{\insrsid12807907 Alli of Lavendon}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ; but there are no }{\insrsid12807907 
links to confirm this.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 [* ALMER *] HOLDFAST. Holdfast, whose manor of Housham in Essex was acquired by William of Warenne}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 22,3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, is probably Almer Holdfast, who held Matching, two }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  away}{\insrsid12807907 , in 1066}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . The byname does not occur elsewhere in Domesday.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ALMER [* OF BENNINGTON *]. All Almers in Hertfordshire may be one man, Almer of Bennington, }{\insrsid12807907 or Almer Bennington}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 4,16. 20,4. 36,17}}}{\insrsid12807907 , }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 named }{\insrsid12807907 on a number of manors, his byname derived }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 from }{\insrsid12807907 the most important of them}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. Peter of Valognes acquired the seven demesne manors where his byname is supplied, and five others of his men, so he is probably the Almer succeeded by Peter at Hinxworth, Digswell and Libury}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 36,2;10;15}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, and probably }{\insrsid12807907 also }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 the Almer at Bourn in Cambridgeshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 33,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Peter's one manor in the county, }{\insrsid12807907 presumably}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  acquired as the designated successor of Almer of Bennington. He may also be the Almer on the three remaining demesne manors in Hertfordshire. Alswick}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 24,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, adjacent to his manor of 'Echington', is the most valuable manor held by an Almer after Bennington}{\insrsid12807907  itself,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  while two of his men held land in Libury, }{\insrsid12807907 where the demesne}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  manor }{\insrsid12807907 held by Almer was }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 acquired by Bishop Odo of Bayeux, who also obtained the manor of }{\insrsid12807907 one}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  of his men}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 HRT 5,11}{\insrsid12807907 ;13}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 Less certainly, he may be the Almer on the remaining demesne manor, at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Watton}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
HRT 2,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  adjacent to another of his valuable manors, Sacombe;}{\insrsid12807907  at Watton, however, he is a man of Aelfric Blaec (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10829992 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
), a substantial but lesser landowner than himself. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 It is possible that Aelfric of Bennington at Chells}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 20,4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 is a scribal error for Almer, the scribe repeating the name of his man: 'Aelfric, Aelfric of Bennington's man'; }{\insrsid12807907 no Aelfric is recorded in Bennington but Almer did have a man Aelfric at Flexmore}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{
\insrsid12807907 Finally, as Geoffrey of Bec acquired the land of one of his men, he may be the Aelmer, Earl Leofwin's man, who was succeeded by Geoffrey at Windridge}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 34,1;7}}}{\insrsid12807907 
; Aelmer and Almer, if they are different names, are often confused. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 If these identifications are valid, Almer was a royal thane, and a thane of Esger the constable and }{\insrsid12807907 of earls}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Gyrth }{\insrsid12807907 and Leofwin Godwinson, with}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  land valued at }{\insrsid12807907 more than}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  \'a340}{\insrsid12807907 , }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 qualify}{\insrsid12807907 ing}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 him for inclusion in Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8352414 English nobility}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ALMER [* OF BOURN *]. Almer}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  who held Bourn, Caldecote, Longstowe and Hatley St George in Cambridgeshire from Count Alan of Brittany}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 14,49-52}}}{
\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is stated }{\insrsid12807907 in the text }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 to be }{\insrsid12807907 one}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  man}{\insrsid12807907 , h}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
e and the Almers at East Hatley, Croydon and Kingston}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 CAM 14,}{\insrsid12807907 23-24;47}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 being}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 named}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Almer of Bourn}{\insrsid12807907  in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (ed. Hamilton, pp. 56-57, 86, 89, 9}{
\insrsid12807907 9}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ), }{\insrsid12807907 who is probably}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 also to be identified with }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Almer the noble (}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 cilt}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ), the juror of Longstowe Hundred}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  where most of these manors lay. He may also be the Almer at West Wratting and its dependency}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
CAM 14,80-81}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  who, like Almer of Bourn, was both a tenant of Count Alan and a survivor, the only other of this name in the county. }{\insrsid12807907 Dr}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  William
s suggests he is the Almer on another manor in Bourn, acquired by Peter of Valognes; but as this is the only manor in Peter's fief and he was the predecessor of Almer of Bennington, it is more likely that he acquired it }{\insrsid12807907 from that Almer}
{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . It is not impossibl
e that the two Almers are the same man, though Peter's solitary acquisition in Cambridgeshire and the fact that Almer of Bennington retained nothing and Almer of Bourn most of his manors, tells against this. }{\insrsid12807907 Dr}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Williams also suggests he is Almer son of Kolsveinn, a juror in 'Arringford' Hundred }{\insrsid12807907 (where two of his manors lay) }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 alongside his father: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4204244 English and the Norman Conquest}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 88-89. If so}{\insrsid12807907  - as seems likely -}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  he appears to be unique in serving on two juries: L}{
\insrsid12807907 ewis, 'Domesday jurors', p. 41}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Almer's tenancies from Count Alan are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 220) and referenced in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 136.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \cbpat8 {\insrsid12807907 
.............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 [* BISHOP *] ALMER [* OF ELMHAM *]. }{\insrsid12807907 
The identification of Bishop Almer of Elmham is complicated by the inconsistent forms used by the scribes of Little Domesday, usually Almer, but often - more than twenty times - Aelmer, and once Aethelmer}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 10,20}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. In most cases, however, the form Aelmer is accompanied by his title; and the few exceptions have other identifying characteristics: a large manor}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 10,20}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, or association with another bishop, Herfast}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 19,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907 . In Norfolk, Bishop Almer's title is often omitted and his name abbreviated; but t}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164 here is little doubt that all references to A}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NFK 10,6-7;9;12;15}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Bishop A}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3696770 10,13;19;21;26;42;60}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164 , or to Almer}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 10,23-24;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3696770 
31;33;70;72;79;81;85-86;92}}}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164 in the fief of Bishop William of Thetford are to his predecessor, Bishop Almer}{\insrsid12807907 , since}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164 
 Bishop A. can refer to no other person, and plain A occurs nowhere else in the county among pre-Conquest holders. Although }{\insrsid12807907 Almer is }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164 a common name, }{\insrsid12807907 its}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164  distribution confirms that it refers to the bishop throughout this fief; for while }{\insrsid12807907 it}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164  occurs several dozen times within the fief}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164  there are only half-a-dozen pre-Conquest }{\insrsid12807907 Almers}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164  }{\insrsid12807907 elsewhere in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164  the county. }{\insrsid12807907 These, too,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164  }{\insrsid12807907 may be}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164  Bishop Almer, }{\insrsid12807907 since}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164  }{\insrsid12807907 four are men of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164 
 his brother, Archbishop Stigand}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164 8,14. 9,64}{\insrsid12807907 ;68. 19,39}}}{\insrsid12807907 , who had no men of this name elsewhere;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164  two }{\insrsid12807907 are}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164  lord}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164  of men}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164  }{\insrsid12807907 which fits the bishop}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 8,127. 9,150}}}{\insrsid12807907 , as do the}
{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164  associations between Almer, Roger Bigot, and Bury St Edmunds}{\insrsid12807907  in the final case}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 14,25}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164 . }{
\insrsid12807907 T}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164 he}{\insrsid12807907 re is no}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164  Almer }{\insrsid12807907 in Norfolk in 1066 }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164 who is clearly not the bishop.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx900\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 [* }{\insrsid12807907 BISHOP }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 *] ALMER}{\insrsid12807907 
'S SON. The son of Almer, a tenant of Count Alan of Brittany on a small manor at Mileham in Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid996993 NFK 4,8}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is probably the son of Bishop Almer of Elmham, since the bishop's brother, Stigand, was his lord and held the royal manor in the vill}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid996993 NFK 1,212}}}{
\insrsid12807907 . Almer married before he became bishop, his wife's dowry, the manor of Blofield}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid996993 NFK 10,28}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, being subsumed in the bishopric. No other son of Almer is recorded in Domesday Book. The son's manor is recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 2074)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 
referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  198.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
ALMER <OF PIDDLETRENTHIDE>. The Almers from whom Roger Arundel acquired the substantial manors of Piddletrenthide in Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 9,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 and Whitelackington in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 22,3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  are probably one man, the same man as the Aelmer from whom Roger obtained comparably valuable manors in Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 47,5-7}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and Somerset}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SOM 22,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . The two names are often confused by the scribe. Almer }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  probably a relative - possibly the brother - of Alfrith of Piddletrenthide (}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
). Both had their most valuable manors in Piddletrenthide, both held all their land as far as can be determined in the same two counties, and both were by a considerable margin the most significant predecessors of Roger Arundel, each contributing ro
ughly sixty hides of assessed land, and between them over half the value of his Honour. A list of their manors is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 English nobility, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 pp. 234-35, which }{
\insrsid12807907 does not include}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Alfrith's manors of Timberscombe and Charlton. Alfrith and Almer are collectively ranked by }{\insrsid12807907 Dr Clarke }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
forty-second in wealth among untitled laymen; the addition of Timberscombe and Charlton would raise them several places.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ALMER [* OF WOOTTON *]. Although Almer is a common name, it is likely that most Almers in Buckinghamshire, and many in Bedfordshire, are Almer of Wootton. He is }{\insrsid12807907 accorded his byname}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 once}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , as the tenant of Miles Crispin at Wavendon in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 23,33}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, and is presumably the Almer who held the substantial manor of Wootton in Bedfordshire before the Conquest}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 49,2-3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, and probably also the tenant and predecessor of Miles at Wingrave and his predecessor at Soulbury}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 BUK 23,18;2}{\insrsid12807907 2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , in both of whic
h he is described as a man of Brictric of Waddesdon (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
). Since he retained Wingrave for the twenty years after 1066, it is not unlikely that he is the Almer who also retained Swanbourne, six }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  from Soulbury, as a tenant of the Count of Mortain}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
BUK 12,24}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and the Count's tenant at Amersham, Hardwick, Burston and Laughton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 12,4;11;13;32}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Amersham and Burston were acquired from Siward brother of Saewulf (}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ); and Burston }{\insrsid12807907 (in Aston Abbots) }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 is just over two }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 from Hardwick in one direction and from Wingrave in the other. Two }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  south of Swanbourne, the valuable manor at Hoggeston may also have been his}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 17,9}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. The one other valuable manor in the two counties held by Almer, at Burnham in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 29,3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , may have been his, too. This Almer was a royal thane, as was the Almer at
 Bolnhurst in Bedfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 53,6}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , likely to be the same man}{\insrsid12807907  since}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 his endowment as a royal thane was otherwise meagre, worth twelve shillings. All the manors mentioned so far lie between Bolnhurst and Burnham, as indeed do all manors held by an Almer in the two
 counties. The links between the remaining Almers and Almer of Wootton, however, are insufficient for an identification.
\par \tab If all or most of these identifications are valid, Almer was a man of many lords: of the king; of Earl Harold at Swanbourne, Aelfric s
on of Goding at Loughton, Bondi the constable at Hoggeston, Earl Tosti at Wootton, and Brictric of Waddesdon, mentioned above; Earls Harold and Tosti are perhaps additional links between Almer of Wootton and the Buckinghamshire Almers. This number of lord
s is unusual, }{\insrsid12807907 though not unique; }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 more than one is not uncommon. Almer's 1086 manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 (no. 1672) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 136, apart from Swanbourne, whose tenant is unidentified (no. 1236).
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ALMER [* THE BEADLE *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Almer, who held a virgate at Wool in Dorset in 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13859576 56,63}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , is probably Almer beadle, named in the Geld Roll for Winfrith Hundred, where Wool lay: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4203648 VCH Dorset}{\insrsid12807907 
, iii. 143. He is the only survivor of this name in the county. He is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 3049).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ALMER }{\insrsid12807907 [* UNCLE OF THORKIL *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Although Almer }{\insrsid12807907 (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6249310 Almar}{\insrsid12807907 ) }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
and Aelmer }{\insrsid12807907 (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6249310 Ailmar}{\insrsid12807907 ) }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 are }{\insrsid12807907 recognised as separate names and both are common}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, their distinctive distribution in Warwickshire suggests }{\insrsid12807907 that they all}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  refer to one man, an uncle of Thorkil of 
Warwick: Williams: 'A vice-comital family', pp. 283, 287-88, 293-95. The majority occur on the fief of Thorkil himself}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 17,8;15;21-22;57-58;65}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , while four others have the characteristic links with 'family' vills or family members demonstrated by }{\insrsid12807907 Dr}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Williams, reinforced in the ca
se of four of the five Aelmers by connections between Thorkil's fief and Robert of Stafford and Robert d'Oilly}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 23,1-2;4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . The fifth Aelmer, not listed by Dr Williams, is probably also }{\insrsid12807907 
Thorkil's uncle, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Almer}{\insrsid12807907 , since}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  he was a survivor, as were most Almer/Aelmers, and the Thorkil he inheri}{\insrsid12807907 ted from is probably his nephew}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
WAR 28,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Almer's tenancies are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 4761) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 136, apart from Longdon and Kineton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 17,8. 28,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , whose tenants are unidentified (nos. 28350, 28497).
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ALM}{\insrsid12807907 UND. Although considered distinct by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 149, 185}
{\insrsid12807907 , the names Aelmund and Almund are proba
bly variants. The names, stated or implied on more than fifty manors, have a distinctive distribution. Apart from four entries in Yorkshire, they are concentrated in the contiguous counties of Shropshire, Staffordshire and Warwickshire, the majority in Sh
ropshire, all as tenants or predecessors of Earl Roger of Shrewsbury and his tenants. Even Yorkshire has a Shrewsbury association, one Almund being a predecessor of Earl Roger's son, Roger of Poitou. It is just possible that all Almunds are one man.

\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ALMUND [* FATHER OF ALWARD *]. Almund and his son }{
\insrsid12807907 are named as }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 joint tenants of Earl Roger of Shrewsbury at 'Amaston', which Almund also held before the Conquest}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,27,17}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, as well as Wotherton, held by }{\insrsid12807907 Alward}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  from the earl in 1086 on the same fief}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,27,21}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{
\insrsid12807907 Almund}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  was also the predecessor of the earl on five manors in Staffordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 8,4;11;14-15;23}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, the only Almunds in the county, and three more in Warwickshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 12,3-4;7}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , though the name-form there is }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3866645 Aelmund}{
\insrsid12807907  in one case}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , probably scribal variant}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  in view of the tenurial associations}{\insrsid12807907  and the appearance of both forms in the vill of Wolston
}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
STS 12,4;7}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . The one other Almund }{\insrsid12807907 (actually Aelmund) }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 in that county, at 'Mackadown'}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 17,9}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , la
y between these manors and those in Shropshire.
\par \tab Three of the manors in Warwickshire and one in Staffordshire were subinfeudated to the earl's sheriff, Reginald of Balliol (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
), who also acquired nine manors in Shropshire from an Almund}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 
{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,3,45;47-48;63;67}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  or Alward}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  as did another of the earl's tenants, Helgot of Holdgate}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 SHR 4,21,}{\insrsid12807907 8-9;18}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ; Almund and Alward are presumably the father and son. Two more of Earl Roger's tenants - Roger of Lacy}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,8,1;16}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 and Picot of Sai}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,20,3;11;17}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  - had a predecessor named Almund, though not }{\insrsid12807907 an }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Alward; but as there may have been a second Almund at Clunton}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SHR 4,20,3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , their identity is less }{\insrsid12807907 certain}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . At Clunton, 'Almund, Wulfric and Almund held it as 3 manors'}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 the second Almund }{\insrsid12807907 making the identification of Alward's father problematic. There may, however, be an alternative interpretation of the 'second' Almund: as}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 there is no 'another' to clarify the meaning, }{\insrsid12807907 it is possible}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  the scribe }{\insrsid12807907 repeated}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 the name to account for the three manors whose details he was summarising}{\insrsid12807907 , two of them being held by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Almund}{\insrsid12807907  in 1066; there are similar cases elsewhere in the text (cf. Buggi)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . The distribution of the name makes it more likely than not that most, perhaps all, of the Lacy and Sai predecessors are Alward's father.
\par \tab It is possible that he is also the Almund recorded }{\insrsid12807907 on several holdings }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 in Yorkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS C18. 29W39-40. 30W10}}}{\insrsid12807907  since}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  t
he last of these was acquired by Roger of Poitou, son of the earl of Shrewsbury, and the other two manors are in the same part of Craven. If not, it is an odd coincidence that every Almund in Domesday Book may be plausibly linked to the earl. Almund proba
bly left his mark on the Domesday landscape}{\insrsid12807907  since}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Almundestune}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 in Herefordshire, held by Alward in 1066, is presumably named after him. Almund's one tenancy is recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 6739) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 118.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ALNOTH [* GRUTT *]. }{\insrsid12807907 
All seven Alnoths in Hertfordshire are probably one man, Alnoth Grutt, named as such }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 at }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Lampeth}{\insrsid12807907  and Clothall, two of the six manors acquired by the}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  bishop of Bayeux}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6962360 5,}{\insrsid12807907 3-}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6962360 4;7;}{\insrsid12807907 14;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6962360 17;26}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, and as a man of archbishop Stigand on three of these. On the seventh manor, at Hormead, acquired by Prince Edgar, he is described as the archbishop's thane}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 38,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Four of these manors are substantial, two of them - Clothall and Radwell- very substantial. Archbishop Stigand had another Alnoth among his men, who held the royal manor of Howe and its dependencies in Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 1,105-112;207}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. As this manor is also substantial and the archbishop's man one of only two Alnoths in the county, it is likely he is Alnoth Grutt. It is possible that he is also the Alnoth at Heacham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15171213 NFK 8,47}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , a fairly substantial holding, but there are no links to confirm an identification.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15171213 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 \tab It is }{\insrsid12807907 just }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 possible that Grutt is the same man as Alnoth the noble, alias Alnoth
 of Kent, a predecessor of Bishop Odo of Bayeux. The tenurial link and the scale of several of their manors suggest this as a possibility; and although their predominant name-forms - }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Alnoth}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Aethelnoth}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  - are distinguished by von Feilitzen, they are not consistently so by the Domesday scribe: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 149-50, 185-86. Many individuals have more than one byname in Domesday Book, of course; but Grutt occurs only in Hertfordshire, whereas Alnoth the noble (}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 cilt}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ) is found in three circuits, and 'of Kent' (or 'the Kentishman') in two, both forms occurring in the same circuit as Hertfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 4,29;36. 17,25}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , perhaps an attempt to distinguish two Alnoths originating in the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 breve}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  of the tenant-in-chief. Archbishop Stigand is the overlord of the bishop of 
Bayeux's predecessor only in Hertfordshire. On balance, Grutt is more likely to be another man. Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 English nobility}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, pp. 237-38, does not include Grutt's manors among those he attributes to Alnoth the noble.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ALNOTH [* OF BRAY *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Alnoth, who held Bray in Devon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1592107 DEV 52,36}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is almost certainly Alnoth of Bray, named in the Geld Roll for South Molton Hundred where Bray lay, though the assessment of Bray does not match that in Geld Roll: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1592107 Devonshire Domesday}{\insrsid12807907 
, i. pp. xx-xxi. He is the only surviving Alnoth in the county. His manor is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 1788)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
 and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  137.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ALNOTH [* OF LONDON *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Alnoth of London, who received Tooting in Surrey in pledge from Earl Waltheof and assigned it to Westminster abbey 'for his soul's sake'}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUR 6,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 , was }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid1592107 evidently an important man, }{\insrsid12807907 citizen of London, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1592107 nephew (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1592107 nepos}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1592107 
) of Swein of Essex, witness (with Swein) to a royal charter, and }{\insrsid12807907 donor of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1592107  'lands and houses' to the abbey}{\insrsid12807907 , in which he became a monk}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1592107 : Bates, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1592107 Regesta}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1592107 , nos. 82, 290, 313, 324, pp. 347, 871, 879, 926-27, 947, 953; Harmer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1592107 Writs}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1592107 , pp. 311-13}{
\insrsid12807907 . His status and the London connection suggest he may be the Alnoth whose valuable manors in Surrey were acquired by Richard of Tonbridge}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUR 19,1-2;5;14}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, two of which had sites and messuages in London and Southwark. He may also be the Alnoth on the valuable manor of Banstead in Surrey}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUR 5,8}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, to which a house in Southwark and a 'l}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1592107 ord's messuage}{\insrsid12807907 ' in London were attached: Round, 'Domesday survey of Surrey', pp. 282-83. Banstead was acquired by the bishop of Bay
eux, who succeeded to the manors of Alnoth the noble, possibly therefore the Alnoth at Banstead; but apart from the London association and its proximity to the other Surrey manors, there may be a tenurial connection between Banstead and Alnoth of London, 
since the bishop's tenant at Banstead is possibly Richard of Tonbridge (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1592107 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ): }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4008028 VCH Surrey}{\insrsid12807907 , iii. 254.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1592107 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ALNOTH <OF TOLGULLOW>. }{\insrsid12807907 
The consecutive fiefs held by Alnoth, Ednoth and Alnoth from the Count of Mortain in Cornwall are not clearly delineated by the usual scribal conventions - large capitals and names lined in red - so it is possible that all three are, in fact, one
 man; it is not uncommon for the scribe to confuse Alnoth and Ednoth: }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4609808 Fellows-Jensen}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4609808  'On the identification of Domesday tenants in Lincolnshire', }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid7237629 p}{\insrsid12807907 . 32. However, to confuse them twice in successive entries seems implausible, so the three are here identifi
ed as different men, the first of whom held the manors of Tolgullow, Trescowe, Dizzard and Trehudreth, the first two of which he also held in 1066}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 5,17,1-4}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. It is possible, therefore, that he is the pre-Conquest Alnoth who occurs on some or all of six other manors
 in the county. Their distribution lends some support to this, since the four manors held directly from the Count span almost the length of the county, the other six lying between them}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 CON }{\insrsid12807907 5,
3,2;26. 5,5,4. 5,12,1. 5,26,3-4}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Neither the Count or the tenants to whom he allocated these manors had an Alnoth as tenant or predecessor in the neighbouring county of Devon. Alnoth's tenancies at Tolgullow and Trescowe }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 239)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  137; the other two are allocated to Alnoth of Woolston.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par ALNOTH <OF WOOLSTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 It has been suggested that the Alnoth who held Woolston}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in Cornwall from Count Robert of Mortain}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 5,19,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  is th
e same man as Alnoth of Tolgullow and Ednoth }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15141146 of Pengelly}{\insrsid12807907  (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15141146 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
), though the sequence of names - Alnoth, Ednoth, Alnoth - seems an unlikely scribal confusion. Woolston, Dizzard and Trehudreth are assigned to this Alnoth in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{
\insrsid12807907 (no. 9390)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  137.

\par 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
ALNOTH [* THE NOBLE OF KENT *]. Alnoth the noble, a royal thane, was a major landholder in 1066, with jurisdictional privileges and }{\insrsid12807907 many }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 manors }{\insrsid12807907 - }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
several very large}{\insrsid12807907  - }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 in Kent}{\insrsid12807907  (}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1270140 D17;22. C6. P20. 1,3. 5,4;28;41;44;56;72;95;100;102;134;175}{\insrsid12807907 )}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, and others in Sussex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1270140 8,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , Surrey}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUR 5,1a}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , Hampshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 23,57}}}{\insrsid12807907  and}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 4,29}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 He was important enough to be taken by th
e Conqueror to Normandy in 1067, described on that occasion as 'the noble Kentish governor (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3757623 satrap}{\insrsid12807907 )': }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Chronicle of John of Worcester}{\insrsid12807907 , iii. 4-5. 
}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 He is almost certainly the Alnoth of Canterbury whose man Wulfric held a small property }{\insrsid12807907 at Walton Grounds }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 in Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 2,6}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , since he had full jurisdiction in the city}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN C6}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and a Wulfric held from him in Kent}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 5,41;56}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. In Buckinghamshire, where he was succeeded at Westbury by Odo, he is }{\insrsid12807907 very }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 probably }{\insrsid12807907 the bishop's predecessors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Alnoth the Kentishman at Chetwode and the royal thane, Alnoth, at Tingewick}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 4,36;38}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
; and in Oxfordshire he is likely to be the Alnoth at Stanton Harcourt, and Alnoth of Kent at Great Tew, very valuable manors held by Odo in 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 7,3-4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. He must also be the Kentishman whose man, Edstan, held Chicheley in Buckinghamshire, acquired by William son of Ansculf}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 17,25}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. Edstan, a rare name, occurs on the fief of Bishop Odo in Essex.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par \tab In Sussex, where Odo held no land, Alnoth the noble's huge manor of Alciston was used to endow Battle abbey}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 8,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Elsewhere in the county, its}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  division into Rapes }{\insrsid12807907 
lessen the usefulness of tenurial factors for identifications; but it is not unlikely that the Alnoth who held the manors of Charleston, Alfriston and Wilmington}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 10,16;39;58}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 - each within two or three miles of Alciston - as well as the more substantial manors of Wartling, Hailsham, Harpingden and Ovingdean}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 9,6;24. 10,68. 12,8;11}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, a little further afield, is Alnoth of Kent. All but two were acquired by the Count of Mortain, whose more distant manor at }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5835035 Shovelstrode}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 10,96}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 'lay outside the Rape', meaning it was a detached portion of one of
 the Count's manors laying in other Rape. Similarly, Harpingden, one of the two manors acquired by William of Warenne, had a detached portion in the Mortain Rape of Pevensey. Both fragments would have been part of manors acquired from an Anglo-Saxon prede
cessor, so possibly links to those of Alnoth of Kent.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  A list of his manors is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 English nobility, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
pp. 237-38, which does not include Chicheley}{\insrsid12807907 , Walton or the Sussex manors other than those acquired by Battle abbey}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 Dr Clarke }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ranks him seventh
 in wealth among untitled laymen, fifteenth among the nobility}{\insrsid12807907 
; his total needs adjustment but neither this or the additional manors affects the rankings. Dr Williams describes Alnoth as 'one of the richest landholders in England' and estimates his assessed land at 216 hides, the }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8855728 Statistics}{\insrsid12807907  database at 256: Williams, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3757623 World before Domesday}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 54-55}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ALRED [* OF YALD
ING *]. Aldred, whose very valuable manor of Yalding (\'a3
30) was acquired by Richard of Tonbridge, son of Count Gilbert, is probably the Alred at Barming - the two manors constituting Richard's fief in the county - and the Alred of Yalding who had full jurisdictional rights in the Lathes of Sutton and Aylesford
}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }
{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 KEN }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10111723 D25}{\insrsid12807907 . 11,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . He may also be }{\insrsid12807907 the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Aethelred at Addington, another valuable manor, eight }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  from Yalding}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 5,51}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, since Alred is variant form of Aethelred, }{\insrsid12807907 the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  form (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Agelred}{\insrsid12807907 ) occurring}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  nowhere else in Domesday Book: von
 Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 150, 186. Aethelred of Addington was a predecessor of the bishop of Bayeux, as were the two other pre-Conquest Alreds in Kent}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
KEN 5,121;170}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 As}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  the name occurs nowhere else in the country, it is not unlikely that these Alreds are also Alred of Yalding. }{\insrsid12807907 Dr}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Williams cites later evidence that Alred survived the Conqueror and all his sons, perhaps as an (unrecorded) tenant or farmer on his lost manors: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4204244 English and the Norman Conquest}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 81-82.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par ................................................................................................................................................................
\par ALRIC [* OF BURGH *]. Alric, whose manor of Burgh in Suffolk was acquired by William of Warenne}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 26,16}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , is probably Alric of Burgh, overlord in that vill and in four others}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUF 8,6;9. 32,23;28. 67,23}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . He may also be the}{\insrsid12807907  Alric whose manor of Bredfield}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and }{\insrsid12807907 men in Boulge and Debach}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 devolved upon Warenne}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 26,17-18;20}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , since Alric of Burgh had a free man in Bredfield and all the}{\insrsid12807907 se}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Warenne holdings were subinfeudated to Robert of Glanville (}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ).}{\insrsid12807907 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par ................................................................................................................................................................
\par ALRIC <OF LANWARNICK>. Alric}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  who held Lanwarnick and Draynes in Cornwall from Count Robert of Mortain}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  held the same manors twenty years previously}
{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
CON 5,20,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . The}{\insrsid12807907 re are no other surviving Alrics in Cornwall, but the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 Count's tenant at Snorscomb in Northamptonshire had also retained his holding, and possibly two others, for two decades; but
 given their modest scale and the distance between the counties, it is perhaps unlikely that Alric of Snorscomb is the same man as the Cornish tenant. One or more of the nine other pre-Conquest Alrics in Cornwall may be Alric of Lanwarnick, th}{
\insrsid12807907 e manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 acquired by Osfrith}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 5,13,1;12}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and Reginald of Vautortes}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 5,2,9;32}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, clustering suggestively around Lanwarnick; but the name is common and there are no specific links between them. Alric's manors of Lanwarnick and Draynes are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 (no. 241) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 138.
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ALRIC [* SON OF GODING *]. Alric }{\insrsid12807907 
son of Goding }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 is }{\insrsid12807907 named}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  on seven of his demesne manors in Buckinghamshire, all acquired by Walter Giffard, who also }{\insrsid12807907 obtained}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 another }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 six demesne manors }{\insrsid12807907 from}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  an Alric}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 14,9;31-32;34;45;48}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, probably the same man}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  described as a royal thane on two }{\insrsid12807907 manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 where }{\insrsid12807907 his byname is recorded}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 and on three others where }{\insrsid12807907 it is }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 not. The Alric who preceded Giffard on the valuable manor of Woburn in Bedfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 16,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 is probably also Goding}{\insrsid12807907 's son since}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  here, too, he is described as a royal thane, and Woburn is the only manor of any substance held by an Alric in the county, as well as the most valuable of those ac
quired from Alric by Giffard. The }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Inquisitio Eliensis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (ed. Hamilton, p. 109) records an Alric }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Godingessune}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 as a free man of the abbey of Ely at Melbourn in Cambridgeshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 31,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .
\par \tab Walter also obtained the land of four of Alric son of Goding's men; but the bulk of these devolved upon the Count of Mortain, Countess Judith and Miles Crispin in Buckingham}{\insrsid12807907 shire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 and Nigel of Aubigny in Bedfordshire}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 links}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 which }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 suggest }{\insrsid12807907 other }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 identifications. Miles Crispin}{\insrsid12807907  and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Countess Judith }{\insrsid12807907 acquired the remaining demesne manors of an Alric in Buckinghamshire, at Upton, Saunderton and }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid3170837 Emberton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 23,1;5. 53,8}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, the last pair fairly substantial so it is not unlikely they were held by Goding's son, though Alric is described respectively as Earl Harold's and Bishop Wulfwy's man on the last two manors. As 
overlord, Alric can probably be identified as Goding's son a}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 t Holcot in Bedfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 25,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  and }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Weston Underwood and Hardmead in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 5,12. 29,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 where he is lord}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 of other}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  m}{\insrsid12807907 e}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 n }{\insrsid12807907 where his byname is supplied; a}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 t Milton Keynes }{
\insrsid12807907 he }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 was lord of an Oswy}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 14,47}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  who held land 
in Hardmead, where the son of Goding was an overlord. As the only identifiable overlord in the county, Goding's son is probably the Alric whose men included four burgesses in Buckingham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK B7}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , and he }{
\insrsid12807907 is likely to}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  be the Aelfric son of Goding whose men were acquired by the Count of Mortain and Countess Judith}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 BUK 12}{\insrsid12807907 
,32. 57,17}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , who otherwise appears to have held no land in demesne}{\insrsid12807907 ; s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 cribal confusion of Alric and Aelfric is not uncommon.}{\insrsid12807907 
 Though less likely, he may be }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 the man of Oswulf son of Frani (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ) }{\insrsid12807907 on a virgate in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Milton Key
nes, }{\insrsid12807907 a vill in which }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 he had men of his own}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 18,3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .
\par \tab Almer and Alwin, sons of Goding, are recorded in the same area, while Goding }{\insrsid12807907 - presumably his father -}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  occurs as an overlord at Bradwell, where }{\insrsid12807907 his son }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 had men. Their lan}{\insrsid12807907 d was acquired by Miles Crispin}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  who}{\insrsid12807907 , as noted above, obtained}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 
the manors of some of Alric's men and (probably) two of his}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 demesne}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  manors}{\insrsid12807907 . If these identifications are valid,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 Alric was another English magnate who survived on a fragment of his previous estate}{\insrsid12807907 , since he continued to hold the smaller of the two manors acquired by Miles, at Upton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 23,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . A list of }{
\insrsid12807907 his}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  manors is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 English nobility, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 pp. 228-29, which does not include }{\insrsid12807907 
the demesne manors acquired by Countess Judith and Miles Crispin or }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 one or more of the holdings in Weston Underw
ood, Moulsoe, Milton Keynes, Bow Brickhill, Bradwell, Hardmead and Clifton Reynes in Buckinghamshire, or Holcot and Shelton in Bedfordshire. }{\insrsid12807907 Dr Clarke }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
ranks him sixty-first in wealth among untitled laymen}{\insrsid12807907 ; the additional manors would place him in the top fifty}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
ALRIC [* WINTERMILK *]. The Alrics who held a virgate at Henlow and a quarter of a virgate at Stanford in Bedfordshire in 1066 and 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 BDF 56,8}{\insrsid12807907 
. 57,9}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 is probably}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Alric Wintermilk, King Edward's man, who survived for twenty years at Goldington}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 BDF 5}{\insrsid12807907 7,8
}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , the}{\insrsid12807907 se three being the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  only Alrics in the county to retain their manors for those two decades. The }{\insrsid12807907 tenant}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 at Southill}{\insrsid12807907 , a mile from}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Stanford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 32,15}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 is probably also}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 the same man}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 one of only two other surviving Alrics in the five counties of circuit three; and it is not unlikely he is also the Alric with a second manor in Southill}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid15759030 BDF 21,8}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 All Wintermilk's manors are very modest so it is improbable that he is the same man as the other survivor, Alric son of Goding. }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Alric's manors of Goldington and Stanford are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 1642) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 138; the tenants at Southill and Henlow are unidentified (nos. 399, 537).}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ALSI [* ILLING *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Alsis who preceded Count Alan of Brittany at Kneeton, and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid144944 Ralph of Lim\'e9sy}{\insrsid12807907  at Epperstone and Woodborough in Nottinghamshire
}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }
{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4552845 NTT }{\insrsid12807907 2,7. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4552845 14,5}}}{\insrsid12807907 , a small cluster somewhat detached from those of other Alsis, may be Alsi }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4552845 Illing}{
\insrsid12807907 , who had 'full jurisdiction and market rights and the king's customary dues' in the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid144944 NTT S5}}}{\insrsid12807907 . They are a meagre endowment for one with such rig
hts, particularly as Epperstone is shared, and Alsi is said to have no Hall there. Other Alsis in the county, however, are identified as the son of Karski, a different man since both are in the list of those with jurisdictional rights. Ralph had no predec
essors of this name elsewhere; but Count Alan acquired the manors of an Alsi in Cambridgeshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 14,68;73}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Hertfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 16,11}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Yorkshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
YKS 6N9}}}{\insrsid12807907 . The name is common in Yorkshire; but the Cambridgeshire and Hertfordshire Alsis are probably one man, since all three were men of
 Edeva the fair and there are few Alsis in Cambridgeshire and no others in Hertfordshire. All three held respectable manors, so if held by Alsi }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7407228 Illing}{\insrsid12807907 
 would provide an endowment more appropriate to his status. Dr Williams, however, suggests that the Alsi at Exning}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 14,68}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 may be the cousin of Earl Ralph Wader, Exning possibly being the place where the revolt of the earls in 1075 was hatched: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7407228 English and the Norman Conquest}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 59, 61-62.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ALSI }{\insrsid12807907 [* }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 NEPHEW OF EARL RALPH}{\insrsid12807907  *}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ]. }{\insrsid12807907 
Most if not all Alsis in East Anglia may be the nephew of Earl Ralph the constable, cousin of Earl Ralph Wader who lost his lands in the aftermath of his rebellion in 1075. He is certainly the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Alsi nephew of Earl R. }{
\insrsid12807907 overlord of free men at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Gislingham in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 6,216;233}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , named }{\insrsid12807907 in full as an overlord }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
at Old Newton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4135683 SUF 8,50}}}{\insrsid12807907 . He is very probably also the lord of two }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4135683 free men}{\insrsid12807907  on another holding in Old Newton, acquired by the bis
hop of Bayeux}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4135683 SUF 16,12}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and the Alsi who leased a manor in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Gislingham }{\insrsid12807907 
from the abbey of Bury St Edmunds for the lifetime of himself and his wife, in return for which he bequeathed his manor of Euston to the abbey}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4135683 SUF 68,5}}}{
\insrsid12807907 . }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Gislingham}{\insrsid12807907  was in the hands of Gilbert the bowman
 in 1086, while the one holding in Euston - held by the abbey - does not mention Alsi. Dr Williams suggests he also held Cantley from his uncle and is the king's thane at Fersfield}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 1,94-95;175-180}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, and perhaps the Alsi whose holding in Field Dalling was acquired by Roger Bigot}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 9,86}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Cantley and Fersfield were added to the royal demesne in Norfolk managed by Godric the steward, who had charge of many of the manors forfeited by Earl Ralph Wader and his adherents, while the entry at Dalling has '}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid818751 God
}{\insrsid12807907  and Robert' interlined above Alsi's name, 'perhaps indicating later tenants of the land', }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid818751 God}{\insrsid12807907 
 possibly being an abbreviation of Godwin, Alsi's father, and Robert being Robert of Verly, who succeeded to Godwin's manors of Burnham Thorpe and Field Dalling and also to an Alsi at Market Weston in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 60,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
: Williams, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4204244 English and the Norman Conquest}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 61-62. If, as seems likely, this is a valid reconstruction, then Alsi may also be the overlord on a second manor in Fersfield}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NFK 66,61}}}{\insrsid12807907  and may have preceded Roger Bigot at Lopham and Blo Norton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 9,77-78}}}{\insrsid12807907 , bo
th respectable manors within five miles of Fersfield and Market Weston. He is also likely to be the Alsi who held Freethorpe under Earl R}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 10,71}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, and probably the Alsi who held Carleton St Peter and Thelveton 'under King Edward'}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14249197 NFK 21,26}{\insrsid12807907 . }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14249197 52,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, an uncommon construction which may indicate a relationship like that of royal thane. As the only Alsi with demesne land in Norfolk, he is likely to be the overlord at Clippesby and Southwood}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 10,91. 66,102}}}{\insrsid12807907 
; there are no other Alsis in the county. Of the three in Suffolk, the two on minor holdings in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14249197 the jurisdiction and patronage}{\insrsid12807907  of the abbey of Ely are unlikely to be Earl Ralph's nephew}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUF 21,28;34}}}{\insrsid12807907 . The third, at Elveden}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 5,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is more problematic. He is a predecessor of Count Eustace of Boulogne, whose predecessor, Alsi }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9381103 Sqitrebil}{\insrsid12807907 
, was both a royal thane and endowed with valuable manors in Cambridgeshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 15,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  and (probably) Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7407228 20,78}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , so is conceivably also Ralph's nephew. There are no more precise links to connect them, though it may be relevant that an Alsi and his wife gave land at Burwell in Cambridgeshire to Ramsey abb
ey, leased after Alsi's death to his kinsman, Godwin, subsequently seized by Earl Ralph Wader: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Early charters of eastern England}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 241-42; Williams, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4204244 
English and the Norman Conquest}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 62.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14249197 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ALSI [* OF BROMHAM *]. Alsi, Queen Edith's man, who held the valuable manors of Eaton Bray and Bromham in Bedfordshire before the Conquest}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 2,1. 23,29}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , is }{
\insrsid12807907 very }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 probably Alsi of Bromham, Queen Edith's man, who held Biddenham}{\insrsid12807907 , and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  possibly }{\insrsid12807907 also the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 brother of Alli of Lavendon (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ), at Pavenham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 47,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , about five }{
\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  from both Bromham and Biddenham, the one other Alsi in Bedfordshire. More certainly, he is the Alsi with a small fief in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 56,1-3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, granted to him by Queen Edith after 1066 upon his marriage to a daughter of Wigot of Wallingford (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
), one of the queen's circle and a key man in the events of that year. Another of Wigot's daughters married Robert d'Oilly, their daughter marryi
ng Miles Crispin, so Alsi was well-connected, which may explain his relative prosperity in 1086, though modest compared with his pre-Conquest estate. His manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 (no. 1634) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 139, where he is identified as a son-in-law of Wulfward White, not by his byname.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ALSI <OF CASTLE CARY>. The Alsis who preceded Walter of Douai at Castle Cary}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 24,17}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , his most important manor in Somerset, and a dozen other manors in Somerset}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SOM 24,15-16;20;37}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , Devon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 
{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 23,12;17-21}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 39,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and Wiltshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
WIL 36,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{\insrsid12807907 most of them substantial, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 are probably one man in most if not all these cases. His manors cluster around Castle Cary in Some
rset and Mohuns Ottery in Devon, with single manors at Stourton Caundle in Dorset and }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Celdewelle}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 in Wiltshire. Though some distance from the Somerset group, they were probably held by the same man}{\insrsid12807907  since}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Alsi is not a common name in either county, occurring
 only once more in Dorset and twice for laymen in Wiltshire, so the antecessorial link through Walter of Douai is persuasive. In Devon, Alsi had an outlier across the Exe at Dunsford, }{\insrsid12807907 three or four}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{
\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  from the nearest of two adjacent holdings at Lowley and Doddiscombsleigh}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 47,5-6}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  held by an Alsi who may be the same man. A list of his manors is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 English nobility}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, p. 240, which does not include Shapcombe and Combe Raleigh in Devon}{\insrsid12807907  but repeats Mohuns Ottery}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , or the Dorset and Wiltshire manors. }{\insrsid12807907 Dr Clarke }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
ranks Alsi seventy-fourth in wealth among untitled laymen; the additional holdings would raise him approximately ten places.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par ................................................................................................................................................................
\par ALSI [* OF FARINGDON *]. Alsi, who held }{\insrsid12807907 a subtenancy of four hides }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 on the royal manor of Faringdon in Berkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 1,34}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, is evidently Alsi of Faringdon, who held Barcote in the county and Windrush in Gloucestershire. He farmed the royal manors of Barrington in Gloucestershire, and Langford and Shipton in Oxfordshire, so may be the Alsi who held a second manor in th}{
\insrsid12807907 e latter}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  vill, together with Rycote}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 58,28-29}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , and the subtenant on another royal manor, Littleworth in Berkshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
BRK 1,40}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . He is perhaps also the one other Alsi in the three counties, at Longney in Gloucestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 GLS 78,12}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  which, like Littleworth, he held in both 1066 and 1086.
\par \tab Alsi may also have held Rycote in 1066}{\insrsid12807907  since}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  no pre-Conquest lord is recorded}{\insrsid12807907  there}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ; but even so, his pre-Conques
t estate is meagre compared to what he held in 1086. As his name is common, he may have held land elsewhere; but not in the three counties where his manors lay in 1086}{\insrsid12807907  since}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 no other Alsis are recorded there, at either date. His manors have some curious features. }{\insrsid12807907 Many}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 were acquired from Earl Harold or his retainer, Tovi, which is unusual for a modest landowner; and apart from his tenancies and farms of royal manors, Barcote (held by Harold) was a gift from the Conqueror, who also gifted his son, Alwy (}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 )
. Some unrecorded act benefiting the Conqueror at Harold's expense may be suspected. The life of St Wulfstan has a colourful tale of Alsi, who refused the bishop's command to cut down the nut-tree in the graveyard of his church at Longney, in whose shade 
he was accustomed to drink and dice with friends, angering the saint who cursed the tree, which withered away: Mason, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 St Wulfstan}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 165-67; }{\insrsid12807907 Williams, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10769905 World before Domesday}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 100-101, 197 and notes 122-35}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Alsi's manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 (no. 641) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 138, apart from Littleworth, assigned to another tenant (no. 146)}{\insrsid12807907 
 and Rycote, who tenant is unidentified (no. 28087) though stated to be 'also' Alsi of Faringdon in the text}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par ................................................................................................................................................................
\par ALSI [* SON OF BRICTSI *]. Alsi, who held Bagwich among the king's thanes on the Isle of Wight}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM IoW9,8}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , may be Alsi son of Brictsi, who held T}{\insrsid12807907 horley on the same fief}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and Mattingley, Minley and Wallop among the thanes on the mainland. He may also be the tenant of Winchester abbey at Calbourne}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM IoW2,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, the one other Alsi on the island}{\insrsid12807907 ;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  the son of Brictsi was a tenant of St Peter's on the mainland, at Woodmancott. The descent of Bagwich and Calbourne has not been traced: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 VCH Hampshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , v. 172, 218-19. The manors of Alsi son of Brictsi are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 569) and referenced in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 138; the tenants of Calbourne and Bagwich are unidentified (nos. 6818, 6911).}{\insrsid12807907 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par ................................................................................................................................................................
\par ALSI [* SON OF GODRAM *]. }{\insrsid12807907 All Alsis in Lincolnshire may be one man, the Alsi}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  who shared a manor at Swaton in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 26,45}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 with his brothers Aelfric and Aethelstan in 1066}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  identified as the son of Godram by this relationship}{\insrsid12807907 ;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Aethelstan can be identified as }{
\insrsid12807907 a}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  son of Godram (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 )}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  an important predecessor of Guy of Craon. Alsi
 himself held none of the manors acquired by Guy;}{\insrsid12807907 
 but there are grounds for identifying him as the predecessor of the bishop of Lincoln, William of Percy and Kolsveinn of Lincoln. Alsi's manor at Swaton was acquired by Kolsveinn, who also obtained the resp
ectable manors of Marston and 'Oseby' from an Alsi}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 26,20;32-}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 34;37-39}{\insrsid12807907 ;45}}}{\insrsid12807907 , the latter three miles from Swaton. A Lincolnshire Claim}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11301860 
LIN CS5}}}{\insrsid12807907  describes the manors of Alsi and Ulfgrim in Lindsey as rightfully belonging to the bishopric of Lincoln, 'because they had \'a3160 for the lands the
mselves before 1066', a massive sum which indicates the status of the two men though the only holding the bishop acquired from Alsi was a jurisdiction in Stow}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3552938 LIN 7,13}}}{
\insrsid12807907 . At Stow, the bishop's tenant was William of Percy, who acquired several valuable manors from an Alsi}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 22,21;24;26;28-29;35-36}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 who must be the same man as the manors are all in Lindsey, as stated in the Claim. Percy also acquired a manor from Ulfgrim, as did Guy of Craon which, since Ulfgrim is a rare name, provides another link between the Alsis who preceded Percy and the 
bishop of Lincoln and who had family ties with the predecessors of Guy of Craon. The other two Alsis in the county may also be Godram's son. Newton and its dependencies, acquired by Odo the bowman}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 48,5-7}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is intermixed with Kolsveinn's manor of 'Oseby', part of it lying in that vill, while Surfleet, acquired by Heppo the bowman}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 61,5}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is eleven miles from Swaton; both are fairly substantial manors. None of the tenants-in-chief who acquired Alsi's manors have an Alsi among their tenants or predecessors elsewhere.
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par ................................................................................................................................................................
\par ALSI [* SON OF KARSKI *]. Alsi, whose valuable manor of Worksop was acquired by Roger of Bully, is }{\insrsid12807907 named}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 in the shire customs of Nottinghamshire as the son of Karski, with 'full jurisdiction and market rights and the king's customary dues' over Worksop}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT S5. 9,43}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. Karski is a rare }{\insrsid12807907 name which}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  occurs only four times, twice each in Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire, all four probably being Alsi}{\insrsid12807907 's father}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ). The two Nottinghamshire Karskis }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  predecessors of Roger of Bully, as }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 all but two of the Alsis in county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 NTT 9,}{\insrsid12807907 2;43;77-78;90-91;95}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, who may therefore be Karski's son. Further support for these identifications is provided by }{\insrsid12807907 Dr}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Flemi
ng's thesis on the allocation of the bulk of the manors in any wapentake to single tenants-in-chief. Alsi's manors }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  distributed }{\insrsid12807907 among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 five wapentakes, only one of which - 'Bassetlaw' - was a 'Bully' wapentake. Worksop and two other manors are in 'Basset
law', and Tollerton in Bingham, where Roger had a large presence; but he had few manors in Newark, while Rushcliffe and Broxtowe were 'Peverel' wapentakes, suggesting that Roger acquired Alsi's manors there as his designated successor: Fleming, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Kings and nobles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 140.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par \tab Roger was also preceded on several manors in Yorkshire, all valuable by Yorkshire standards and all closer to Worksop than most of Alsi's Nottinghamshire manors so very probably held by him also}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 10W3-4;16;31;34;43}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. One of the Yorkshire Claims reveals that the one Alsi manor acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4416385 Geoffrey Alselin}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4416385 18W2}}}{
\insrsid12807907  - also valuable - was claimed by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Roger of Bully}{\insrsid12807907 
 so was probably held by Karski's son. It is also likely he is the Alsi from whom Ilbert of Lacy acquired a dozen manors in 'Osgodcross' (where one of the Bully manors lay) and Staincross wapentakes}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4416385 9W35}{
\insrsid12807907 -36;39;41;44;46;51;63;65;76;89;93}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, adjoining Strafforth wapentake where the remainder of Alsi's manors lay. Some of these Lacy manors are just a few miles from those acquired by Roger, most are closer to Workshop than his other Nottinghamshire manors, 
and almost all are substantial by Yorkshire standards. They were acquired by Ilbert because they fall within the bounds of his Honour of Pontefract, a block of five hundred square miles from which other lay tenants-in-chief were entirely excluded: Wightma
n, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid337748 Lacy family}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 17-20, 22-23. Of the five remaining Alsis in Yorkshire, it is not unlikely Karski's son is the Alsi on four properties in and around York, twenty miles or more to the north}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
YKS C12. 1W14. 11W3-4}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; but there are no precise links to support an identification.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid539037 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 \tab Ilbert's predecessor was also his tenant on three of his manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 9W35;41;141}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, which almost certainly means that the Alsi who retained his manor of Darfield in Strafforth wapentake for two decades is Karski's son}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 29W3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
; Darfield lies between the other Yorkshire and Nottinghamshire manors. It is it likely that the other two surviving Alsis in northern England are the same man. One, a tenant of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Henry of Ferrers}{\insrsid12807907 
 at Yeaveley in Derbyshire, is probably also Henry's predecessor at Elton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 6,11;61}}}{\insrsid12807907 , the only Alsi in the county; Henry, like R
oger of Bully, acquired one of his manors from Alsi's father. The tenant of Robert of Stafford at Ellastone in Staffordshire is the only Alsi in the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 11,39}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; his manor is}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  six }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 from Yeaveley. If these identifications are broadly correct, then Alsi qualifies for inclusion in Clarke, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid337748 English nobility}{\insrsid12807907 
, where he would rank among the top sixty untitled laymen; although he lost most of his land, his manors in Derbyshire, Staffordshire and Yorkshire left him in a comfortable state compared to that of most of his English peers. }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Henry's tenant is recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 3860) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, p. 135, without the patronymic; Robert's is unidentified (no. 31510)}{\insrsid12807907 , as are the four Yorkshire survivors (nos. 37371, 37378, 37519, 38293)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par ................................................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx1080\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ALSI [* }{\insrsid12807907 SQITREBIL}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  *]. }{\insrsid12807907 
The predecessor of Count Eustace of Boulogne on the very valuable manor of Newnham Hall in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 20,78}}}{\insrsid12807907  is probably the royal thane who preceded the Count on the even more valuable manor of }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid7407228 Ickleton}{\insrsid12807907  in Cambridgeshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 15,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  and perhaps also on the respectable manor of Elveden in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 5,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, held in 1066 by the one other Alsi on the Count's Honour}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907  At Ickleton, he is named Alsi Sqitrebil in the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis}{\insrsid12807907  }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid7407228 which also records one of his men at Linton (ed. Hamilton, pp. 34, 41)}{\insrsid12807907 , a manor held by Count Alan of Brittany in 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 14,11}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Count Alan acquired demesne manors in Cambridgeshire and elsewhere from an Alsi who is probably another man, Alsi }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7407228 Illing}{\insrsid12807907 , though Dr Williams suggests that the Count's predecessor at Exning}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
CAM 14,68}}}{\insrsid12807907  at least might be the nephew of Earl Ralph the constable: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7407228 English and the Norman Conquest}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 59, 61-62.}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\cf1\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ALSI [* THE MASON *]. Alsi}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  who held }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Trelamar}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  in Cornwall in 1066 and 1086}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
CON 5,21,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  has been tentatively identified from later sources as the father of Bernard the scribe, and as a master-builder in the service of the canons of Launceston: }{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Williams, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4204244 English and the Norman Conquest}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 122-23. His }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 manor is recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 242) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 139.}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ALSTAN [* OF BOSCOMBE *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Alstan of Boscombe, or Alstan Boscombe, was the predecessor of William of Eu in Bedfordshire, Hertfordsh
ire, Somerset and Wiltshire. There is little reason to doubt, therefore, that he is William's predecessor Alstan on another three manors in Bedfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9205393 18,2-3;7}}}{
\insrsid12807907  and two in Hertfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9205393 28,4;6}}}{\insrsid12807907 , or the Alstan who preceded William in Hampshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9205393 32,4}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , Berkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9205393 23,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9205393 34,1;9-11;13}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Gloucestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid9205393 31,4;7;10-11}}}{\insrsid12807907 . He is probably also the Alstan whose lease of a hide from the abbey of Glastonbury at Bremhill in Wiltshire came into William's hands, as it did at Ditteridge}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
WIL 8,12. 32,11}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and probably also the Alstan at }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14096671 Slacham}{\insrsid12807907  in Hampshire, where his holding was acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4738814 Ralph of Lim\'e9sy}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
HAM 1,32}}}{\insrsid12807907 , who preceded William of Eu on some of his manors in Dorset and Gloucestershire.
\par \tab In Somerset, he is identified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6717044 Exon.}{\insrsid12807907  as the Alstan whose manor of Eckweek was acquired by the Count of Mortain}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 19,61}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, so he may be the Count's predecessor at Caundle in Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 26,70}}}{\insrsid12807907  and at Barton St David in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 21,92}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, held by Roger of Courseulles but in part by the Count. Both manors lay between those of Alstan held by William of Eu on the Dorset/Somerset border. The Count was also preceded by an Alstan on 
three manors in Cornwall; but these are modest and remote from those elsewhere. The bulk of Alstan's manors lay in the south-western counties; but he had substantial holdings in Hertfordshire and Bedfordshire so may well be Alstan, the sheriff of the latt
er county before 1066, there being no other Alstans who are likely candidates: Green, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8878338 English sheriffs}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 25. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14096671 A list of Alstan's manors is given by Clarke, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11564255 English nobility}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14096671 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14096671 pp. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4738814 229-31}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14096671 , which }{\insrsid12807907 does not include }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid4738814 Boxbury }{\insrsid12807907 in Hertfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4738814 HRT 28,}{\insrsid12807907 5}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and those at }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14096671 
Slacham}{\insrsid12807907 , Caundle, Eckweek and Barton discussed above. Dr Clarke ranks him fifth in wealth among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 untitled laymen; the additional holdings would not affect this.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par ALWAKER [* FATHER OF AELFRIC *]. All Alwakers and Everwacers in Domesday Book may be one man, their forenames almost certainly being equivalent though believed to be distinct: von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12721020 Pre-Conquest personal nam
es}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 141-42, 249. As his name is rare, Everwacer, predecessor of Serlo of Burcy on the valuable manors of Uphill, Compton Market and two others in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 37,2-4;10}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is almost certainly the father of Aelfric son of Everwacer (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1994011 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ), a tenant of Glastonbury abbe
y in the county 1086, and just as certainly the same man as Alwaker, predecessor of Walter of Douai on seven manors Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1994011 24,2;9;18;28;30-32}}}{
\insrsid12807907  and another in Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 36,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 . On Walter of Douai's manor of Huntspill}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 24,28}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, Alwaker is rendered as Everwacer in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1994011 Exon}{\insrsid12807907 .; and although von F
eilitzen attributes this to 'confusion', the circumstantial evidence of the distribution and status of the manors acquired by the two tenants-in-chief indicates otherwise. Glastonbury had a tenant at Blackford named Alwaker}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 8,9}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 as well as an Aelfric son of Everwacer at Lamyatt, and both names are rare, with a localised distribution; Walter of Douai's predecessor held Sparkford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 24,18}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, four miles from Blackford. Other manors of Alwaker/Everwacer are interspersed with each other: Milton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 24,2}}}{\insrsid12807907  is two miles from Uphill}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 37,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and West Harptree}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SOM 24,31}}}{\insrsid12807907  is adjacent to Compton Martin}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 37,10}}}{\insrsid12807907 , the remainder all lying in the same area of north Somerset. Both tenants-in-chief acquired valuable manors, the most valuable of them - Weare}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SOM 24,9}}}{\insrsid12807907  - being surrounded by clusters of the remainder.
\par \tab Three other tenants-in-chief acquired a manor each from Alwaker/Everwacer. William of Falaise, Serlo's son-in-law, obtained Everwacer's manor of Woodspring}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 27,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, roughly midway between Alwaker at Milton and Everwacer at Uphill, a few miles from either. The other two manors a
re further afield; but Alwaker's manor of Ashe in Hampshire is another valuable property, so perhaps also held by Aelfric's father; if so, he was a dependant of Earl Harold}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 30,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Less certainly, the respectable manor acquired from Everwacer by Baldwin the sheriff at Exwick in Devon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 16,109}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, may have been his too, though there are no links other than the rarity of the name. Like many of his peers, Alwaker survived on a fraction of his previous estate, given refuge alongside his son on the Honour of Glastonbury abbey (a
bove), where the abbot provided him with a fairly substantial manor. He was a wealthy landowner in 1086, among the half-dozen wealthiest laymen in Somerset. If included in Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2513720 English nobility}{\insrsid12807907 
, he would rank nationally}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 sixty-sixth}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  in wealth among untitled laymen}{\insrsid12807907 . He is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1727758 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907  (no. 14596).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ALWARD [* COLLING *]. The Alwards who held Potterne, Tilshead and Swallowcliffe in Wiltshire may be Alward Colling, who held Knook, the following entry, since the fief is in order of landowne}{\insrsid12807907 
rs rather Hundreds}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 67,11-13}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . He is }{\insrsid12807907 certainly}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  the Alward on the bishop of Salisbury's manor of Potterne, where the circumstances in which }{\insrsid12807907 the
}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  three hides }{\insrsid12807907 he held in the vill }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 became detached from the episcopal manor are rehearsed, and possibly therefore the Alward on the following manor}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
WIL 3,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , both survivors, like those mentioned so far. In Dorset, he is named in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Exon.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  as the Alward who held th
e royal manor of Langton before the Conquest}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 1,23}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , and the Geld Roll for }{\insrsid12807907 Combsditch Hundred identifies}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  him as the Alward }{\insrsid12807907 at}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Thornicombe }{\insrsid12807907 in that Hundred}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 56,15}}}{\insrsid12807907 , which he held}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  at both dates: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
VCH Dorset}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , iii. 135. At Langton, he was succeeded by the wife of Hugh son of Grip, so he may be the Alward whose six manors formed part of her fief in Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 55,20;22;38;40-42}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{
\insrsid12807907 It is possible he held other manor since his name is very common in the five south-western counties of circuit two, even among survivors, who occur on almost three dozen ma
nors there, a baker's dozen even retaining the same manors for two decades. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Alward's 1086 manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 259) and referenced in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 147, except for the two Alwards on the manors of the bishop of Salisbury, identified as a second Alward at Potterne (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  no. 93), and an unidentified }{\insrsid12807907 tenant}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  at Cannings (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  no. 16602).
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ALWARD [* MART *]. }{\insrsid12807907 
Alward, who held Colscott among the king's thanes in Devon in 1066 and 1086, may be Alward Mart of the following entry, holding land worth five shillings at an unnamed location, granted him by the Queen}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10238726 DEV 52,29}{
\insrsid12807907 -30}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Alward Mart is recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6717044 Exon.}{\insrsid12807907  as holding Dowland, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1660636 Loosedon}{\insrsid12807907  and Wolfin before the Conquest}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid10238726 DEV 24,}{\insrsid12807907 23-24;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10238726 28}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, so he survived for twenty years. His manors were acquired by Walter of Claville, whose brother Gotshelm succeeded an Alward at Nymet, four miles from Wolfin}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 25,9}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, all three manors lying in North Tawton Hundred. The brothers, whose fiefs are interrelated, both acquired manors from an Alward in Fremington Hundred, at Instow and Newton Tracey, five miles apart}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 24,26. 25,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, their succession to Alwards who were near neighbours suggesting these, too, are Alward Mart. Gotshelm also obtained East Manley from an Alward, possibly the same man}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 25,21}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. It is possible he held other manor since his name is very common in the five south-western counties of circuit two, even among survivors, who occur on almost three dozen manors there, a baker's 
dozen even retaining the same manors for two decades. Alward's tenancies }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 361)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
 and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  147.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ALWARD <OF }{\insrsid12807907 CLYST}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. The Alward}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held two manors from the Count of}{\insrsid12807907  Mortain in Cornwall}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
CON 5,16,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and three in Devon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 DEV 15,}{\insrsid12807907 6;58;61}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 are}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  probably }{\insrsid12807907 one}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 man, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 since }{\insrsid12807907 he held }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 all five}{\insrsid12807907 
 for twenty years}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , the only }{\insrsid12807907 such Alward}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in }{\insrsid12807907 the two counties, apart from one manor held by the king's thane, Alward Mart}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 He may also be the Count's tenant at Treworder in Cornwall}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 1,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Rockbeare and Northleigh in Devon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 15,22;25}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 since no other tenant-in-chief had a tenant of this name in either county, and the Count himself had none elsewhere. Some of the pre-Conquest Alwards may also be Alward of Clyst. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
In Devon, the Count had one predecessor named Alward, on a tiny holding at Little Torrington}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 15,16}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , where }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6717044 Exon.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 names him Alward Rufus}{\insrsid12807907 , possibly an alias}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Elsewhere, most of those who he
ld land in the vicinity of Clyst and Northleigh have been identified as Alward son of Toki. In Cornwall, however, Alward of Clyst may be the Alward at Dannonchapel}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 CON }{\insrsid12807907 
5,25,3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , adjacent to his holding at Tregardock, and at Alverton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 5,1,11}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , a substantial manor retained by the Count, around Mounts Bay from Winnianton. }{
\insrsid12807907 The Count had a number of predecessors named Alward in other counties; but the name is very common, especially in the five south-western counties of circuit two, even among survivors, who occur on almost three d
ozen manors there, a baker's dozen even retaining the same manors for two decades. Alward's tenancies }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{
\insrsid12807907 (no. 1699)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 147, apart from Treworder, whose tenant is unidentified (no. 2080).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par ALWARD <OF }{\insrsid12807907 DUNHAM}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 All Alwards in Cheshire are probably one man. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Th}{\insrsid12807907 ose}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who}{
\insrsid12807907 se}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 manors of Dunham Massey, Bowdon, Hale, Ashley, '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6381601 Alretunstall'}{\insrsid12807907  and Sinderland in Cheshire were acquired by Haimo }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid6381601 of Mascy}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6381601 13,2-4;6-7. 27,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 almost certainly are, his manors forming a tight cluster around Dunham itself. It is not unlikely he is also the Alward at }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6381601 Shurlach}{\insrsid12807907  and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6381601 Worleston}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
CHS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6381601 5,6. 8,29}}}{\insrsid12807907 , the two remaining Alwards in the coun
ty, though there are no links to confirm this; the two manors lie to the east of Chester, where Alward of Dunham had a house. A cluster of Alwards in the neighbouring county of Staffordshire are conceivably the same man, though it is perhaps more likely t
hey are the Alward who survived at Fenton, in the centre of the cluster; there is no indication that the Cheshire Alward survived, though many Englishmen in the county did so: }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid488012 Sawyer and Thacker. '}{\insrsid12807907 
Domesday survey of Cheshire'}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid488012 , }{\insrsid12807907 pp. 319-25.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6381601 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ALWARD }{\insrsid12807907 [* OF FELBRIGG *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 Alward, whose holding at Winterton in Norfolk was valued in Felbrigg, is almost certainly the Alward who 
preceded Roger Bigot on several components of his manor of Felbrigg}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 9,146;158}}}{\insrsid12807907 
; as the name is rare in East Anglia, he is probably Roger's predecessor at Yoxford in Suffolk, where he is described as a royal reeve}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 7,18}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. It is likely, too, that he is Roger's predecessor, Aethelward, at Hinton and Darsham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 7,5;36}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, the Aethelward at Darsham being also a royal reeve; here at least Aethelward is probably an equivalent name, though the two are thought to be distinct: von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12721020 Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 155-57, 188-89. There are no other Aethelwards in East Anglia but five Alwards. Some of these may be Alward of Felbrigg, particularly the predecessors of Robert Malet}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 6,202}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Ralph Pinel}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUF 61,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , these three tenants-in-chief having a number of claims against each other; but there are n
o specific links to confirm an identification. Malet's predecessor retained his manor for two decades, and there is a suggestion that Alward of Felbrigg did so too. At Sustead, he 'held}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7754473  3 smallholders}{\insrsid12807907 
' and '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7754473 has 1/2 plough}{\insrsid12807907 ', and Winterton 'is [included] in 
the valuation of Alward of Felbrigg. He also holds this.' The texts are not, however, as straightforward as they appear, 'he' being more likely to refer to the tenant of the previous entry, Stanhard. Tenses in Little Domesday are often ambiguous, but ther
e is no suggestion in the remaining entries that Alward/Aethelward was active in 1086.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ALWARD <OF NORMANTON>. Alward}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  who}{\insrsid12807907 se}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  small }{\insrsid12807907 
manor of little more than bovate worth a couple of shillings at Normanton in Nottinghamshire was acquired by Roger of Bully}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 9,69}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is the only Alward in the county or on the Honour of Roger of Bully}{\insrsid12807907 . The name is rare in the north-east; and the only Alwards in adjacent counties - all in Yorkshire, some fifty miles away - have}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  no links with hi}{\insrsid12807907 m}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907  Alward was a thane, with his own Hall, despite the tiny size of his manor.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ALWARD [* SON OF }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ALMUND *]. }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Alward is a common name, but family and tenurial links suggest that all Alwards in Shropshire are Alward son of Almund. 
}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 He and his father }{\insrsid12807907 are identified as}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  joint tenants of Earl Roger of Shrews}{\insrsid12807907 bury at 'Amaston'}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,27,17}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Alward }{\insrsid12807907 'also' held four other manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 directly }{\insrsid12807907 from the earl}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 SHR }{\insrsid12807907 
4,27,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 18-21}}}{\insrsid12807907 . He is probably therefore the Alward }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 holding }{\insrsid12807907 another six}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  manors from }{\insrsid12807907 Earl Roger}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , on one of which he succeeded }{\insrsid12807907 Almund}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,1,2;36. 4,27,9;23-25}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and probably also the Alward who preceded the earl at Harcourt}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SHR 4,27,35}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 His father}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  was a predecessor of Reginald the sheriff and Helgot of Holdgate as well as the earl, so the son may be the Alward whose manors they acquired}
{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 SHR 4,3,61;64;68;70. }{\insrsid12807907 4,21,6;10}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . He may also be }{\insrsid12807907 the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  tenant of the Canons of St Chad and St Al
kmund at Marton and Preston Montford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 3f,2. 3g,10}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , and the predecessor of the Corbet brothers at Rorrington and Marrington}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,4,21. 4,5,15}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, all four lying within two or three }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  of }{\insrsid12807907 one of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 his }{\insrsid12807907 manors discussed above}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. There are no other Alwards in the county.
\par \tab Alwards }{\insrsid12807907 are numerous }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 in }{\insrsid12807907 the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 neighbouring county of Herefordshire, some of whom may be Almund's son}{\insrsid12807907  since}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  one of them held the lost vill of }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Almundestune}{\cs23\i\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 29,9}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{\insrsid12807907 perhaps}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 named after his father. The manor was acquired by Hugh the ass, whose predecessor at Stretton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 29,13}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  may }{\insrsid12807907 therefore}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  be Alm
und's son. There are other Alwards in the same area, but none of the links available in Shropshire to identify them: no Almunds in the county, only one surviving Alward, and no tenurial connection other than with Hugh the ass. The manors of 'Amaston', Row
ton, Benthall and Wotherton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,27,17-22}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  are attributed to Alward son of Almund in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 2576) and referenced in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 149; the other tenants are unidentified (nos. 30642}{\insrsid12807907 , 30659, 30670, 31089, 31106-}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 08).
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ALWARD [* SON OF TOKI *]. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Alward is a common name, }{\insrsid12807907 particularly in Devon; but }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 it is likely that most if not all }{\insrsid12807907 
such}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 predecessors of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  William the goat and his brother Ralph of Pomeroy are one man, Alward son of Toki. The entry for Cruwys Morchard}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 19,35}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  records that it was taken from Alward son of Toki 'after King William came to England' and was held by William the goat 'with Alward's land', implying that William's title depended upon Alward. }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Exon.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  emphasises this, stating that Morchard was held 'with the Honour of Alward', a term normally used for estates comprising a number of manors: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Devonshire Domesday}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , ii. 708-11. William acquired another eight manors from Alward, on three of which }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Exon.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 supplies his patronymic, while on another the tenant was Ralph of Pomeroy}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 19,5-6;14;16;19;24-25;39}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 who acquired another three manors from Alward as tenant-in-chief, including one where Alward's patronymic is supplied by }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Exon.}{\cs23\i\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 34,1;8;14}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{
\insrsid12807907 No Tokis are recorded in Devon.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6381304 ALWARD [* THE NOBLE*]. Alward the noble}{\insrsid12807907 , a royal thane}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6381304  }{\insrsid12807907 named on two Buckinghamshire manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6381304 BUK 4,28}{
\insrsid12807907 . }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6381304 14,21}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is probably the 
man or thane of earls Harold and Algar and of Archbishop Stigand, though as the name is very common and his manors distributed among seven or eight tenants-in-chief his estate is difficult to reconstruct, most of it however lying in Hertfordshire, where h
i
s overlords and successors are all represented. On the face of it, it is very improbable that a man or thane of Earl Harold and Archbishop Stigand should also have a Mercian earl as his overlord, albeit one who died before 1066; but the location and statu
s of Alward's manors, the divided ownership of Anstey, and the links on the fief of the bishop of London discussed below seem unlikely to be a series of coincidences.
\par \tab Count Eustace of Boulogne acquired five of Alward's manors in Hertfordshire, on all which
 the overlord was Earl Harold, all but one being subinfeudated by the Count to the same tenant; four of the manors are substantial, Anstey in particular being the most valuable of all Alward's manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 17,2-4;8-9}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, the one retained by the Count in demesne. Hardwin of Scales acquired the remainder of the vill, along with Luffenhall and Wyddial, all held by Alward from Earl Algar}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 37,2;14;20}}}{\insrsid12807907 . At Patmore}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
HRT 4,10}}}{\insrsid12807907 , the earl was also Alward's overlord on the manor acquired by the bishop of London, who also obtained Widford and Meesden - both s
ubstantial - from Alward; at Meesden, the bishop's tenant was Payne, steward of Hardwin of Scales and his tenant at Anstey. Alward's overlord at Widford and Meesden was Archbishop Stigand}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 4,4;17}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, also his overlord at Libury, held by Bishop Odo of Bayeux in 1086, along with Alward's manor of Theobald Street}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 5,2;12}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Both are modest; but since Bishop Odo succeeded Alward the noble at Drayton Parslow in Buckinghamshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid6381304 BUK 4,28}}}{\insrsid12807907 , one of the two manors where his title is supplied, and on more substantial manors elsewhere (below), it
 is likely these two manors are also Alward's. Of the three remaining Alwards in the county in 1066, the lord of Boxbury is likely to be the noble Alward, his successor William of Eu probably acquiring substantial manors from him elsewhere}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
HRT 28,5}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; William's tenant at Boxbury, Peter of Valognes, had Alward as his tenant on another manor in Libury}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 36,10}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. The Alward at Hormead is more doubtful, his overlord Almer of Bennington being a local magnate}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 38,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par \tab Finally, the one other pre-Conquest Alward in the county, on the respectable manor of Mardleybury}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 20,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is probably Alward the noble, his successor Robert Gernon acquiring a more substantial manor from him at Rainham in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 32,28}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. At Mardleybury, Alward still held the manor in 1086, which almost certainly identifies him as the Alward of Mardleybury who held 'Rodhanger' for two decades and Watton in 1086, both among the royal thanes in the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 42,1;13}}}{
\insrsid12807907 . He is very probably also the survivor at Reed and Libury}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 16,6. 36,10}}}{\insrsid12807907 , both vills in which he had manors before the Conquest, held by the bishop of B
ayeux and Count Eustace in 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 5,12. 17,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 . No other Alwards held land in Hertfordshire or surrounding counties in 1086. Four of his five tenancies lay in Broadwater Hundred, where Alward of Mardleybury was a juror}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Inquisitio Eliensis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (ed. Hamilton, p. 100)}{\insrsid12807907 .}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6381304 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10500943 \tab }{\insrsid12807907 Outsi
de Hertfordshire, Alward's successors in that county acquired manors from an Alward in six other counties. The Essex Alwards are probably Alward the noble because his four manors there are respectable or substantial and two them were acquired by tenants-i
n-chief who had no other Alwards on their Honours: the bishop of London at Tendring}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 4,5}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Robert Gernon at Rainham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 32,28}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, the latter one of Alward's most valuable manors. Bradwell and Thurrock were acquired by the bishop of Bayeux}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 18,23;28}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Thurrock being five miles from
 Rainham. In Somerset, Bishop Odo's one manor, at Templecombe, had been held in part by an Alward, though the manor was evidently acquired as successor to Earl Leofwin}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 4,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
; the respectable manor of Lexworthy was held by the one other Alward on the Honour of Count Eustace}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 17,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 . In Berkshire, William of Eu succeeded Alward on substantial manors at Denford and Denchworth}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
BRK 23,2-3}}}{\insrsid12807907  which constituted two-thirds of his fief in the county, the other manor being held in 1066 by Alstan of Boscombe, Alward's overlord on the manor ac
quired by William at Boxbury in Hertfordshire. The Alwards of Denford and Denchworth are two of three unidentified Alwards in Berkshire, the other probably being the goldsmith named elsewhere on the same fief}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 65,5;16}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Finally, all Alwards in Kent are predecessors
 of Bishop Odo, and one of the three in Surrey. Horton, Ruxley and Charlton, the three most valuable Kentish manors, are within a few miles of each other, Horton being five miles from Ruxley which is eight miles from Charlton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 5,18;22;33}}}{
\insrsid12807907 ; Otterden and Dean are some distance away but within five miles of each other (KEN, 5,76;167). Alward's overlord at Horton was Earl Harold, elsewhere King Edward. In Surrey, where he held the valuable manor of Bramley}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUR 5,1f}}}{\insrsid12807907 , he is possibly also the Alward on the other two manors in the county, Peper Harrow}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUR 22,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, another substantial manor held directly from the king, being six miles from Bramley, while the anonymous manor in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10500943 Wallington}{\insrsid12807907  Hundred held from Chertsey abbey}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUR 8,23}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, must lie on a more or less direct line between Bramley and Horton.
\par \tab The one 
tenant-in-chief not represented in Hertfordshire is Walter Giffard, who acquired Horwood in Buckinghamshire, the second manor on which Alward is given his byname; he is probably Walter's predecessor on the preceding and valuable manor of Swanbourne}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
BUK 14,20-21}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and the overlord at Salden in the same Hundred}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 12,25}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. He is unlikely to be either of the other two Alwards in the county, both with minor holdings as dependants of overlords of modest status}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12010233 17,20}{
\insrsid12807907 . 43,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Another royal thane named Alward held a valuable manor in Gloucestershire
, and a thane of Earl Algar a more modest one in Worcestershire, but their associations suggest these are other men. If all or most of the identifications suggested above are valid, then Alward the noble was a wealthy landowner before the Conquest, as his
 byname implies, with an estate valued at about \'a3100, which would rank him comfortably among the wealthiest forty untitled laymen if included in Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5968577 English nobility}{\insrsid12807907 .}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 His}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  1086 }{\insrsid12807907 tenancies}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 (no. 680) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 147, apart from }{\insrsid12807907 Reed and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Libury, whose tenant}{\insrsid12807907 s are}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  unidentified (no}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 7117, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 7286).}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10500943 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ALWARD [* THE REEVE *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Alwa
rd, who held a one and a half hides at Wool in Dorset in 1086, is probably Alward the reeve, since the tax he owed in the Geld Roll for county will fit no other Alward. He may also be the Alward who held a virgate in the same vill before the Conquest}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
DOR 56,62-63}}}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6498314 VCH Dorset}{\insrsid12807907 , iii. 143. He might be the Alward at Rushton, another survivor in the same Hundred,}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 56,25}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, or Alward Colling, who survived for twenty years; but the name is common and there are no links to confirm an identification. Alward's manor is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel
}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 1772)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  149; Alward at Rushton is unidentified (no. 3004).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ALWIN [* DEVIL *]. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Alwin, who held Pertenhall in Huntingdonshire before the Conquest, is named Alwin Devil in the Claims for the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HUN 2,9. D16}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. Pertenhall was acquired by the bishop of Lincoln, who also inherited the }{\insrsid12807907 four }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 manors of Alwin Devil in Bedfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 4,2;6-8}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, though not his other manor in Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid12807907 , at West Perry}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , acquired by Eustace the sheriff. On two of his Bedfordshire manors, Alwin is said to be }{\insrsid12807907 K}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ing}{\insrsid12807907  Edward}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 's man, on }{\insrsid12807907 an}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
other he is anachronistically described as a man of the bishop of Lincoln, presumably meaning the bishop of Dorchester, Bishop Wulfwy. Bishop Wulfwy had a brother, Alwin, who held Maulden in Bedfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 16,4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 and Westbury in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 41,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , who may well be Alwin Devil, as perhaps is Bishop Wulfwy's man, Alwin, at Thurleigh in Bedfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 28,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Finally, Al
win Devil may be the Alwin at Keysoe which, like the adjacent vill of Pertenhall, was part in Huntingdonshire, part in Bedfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 HUN }{\insrsid12807907 29,2
}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . If so, he survived the Conquest, on a small fragment of his previous estate. Bishop Wulfwy had }{\insrsid12807907 another dependant}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  named Alwin, at Goldington}{\insrsid12807907 
 in Bedfordshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , named Alwin Sack}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 4,5}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , possibly an alternative byname for Devil}{\insrsid12807907 
, though the entry is sandwiched between two attributed to Alwin Devil, perhaps in an effort to distinguished two Alwins, an impression supported by the fact that
 all four of Alwin Devil's manors (though no other of his Lincolnshire manors) were acquired by William of Cairon, Sack's by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13910213 Ivo Tallboys}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 
Bishop Wulfwy had another brother, Godric, possibly Godric the sheriff (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8878338 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ), whose lands were also added to the endowment of the bishopric of Lincoln. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Alwin is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 32739)}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ALWIN DOD[SON]. Alwin Dod, who}{\insrsid12807907  held ten acres}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  at Chells in Hertfordshire in 10}{\insrsid12807907 8}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 6}{\insrsid12807907  from }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid3762000 Peter of Valognes}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 36,4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , may be }{\insrsid12807907 the other survivor, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Alwin Dodson}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{
\insrsid12807907 who held}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Wormley}{\insrsid12807907  among the king's thanes}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Alwin Dodson's tenancy is recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 775) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 148; the Chells subtenancy is omitted from both.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ALWIN [* GOTTON *]. Alwin, who held the valuable manor of Ayot St Lawrence in Hertfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 9,9}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, is identified as Alwin Gotton in a writ of the Conqueror: Bates, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Regesta}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , no. 321, pp. 940-41; his man Siward held land there. Alwin is described as a royal thane at Ayot, and as }{
\insrsid12807907 Alwin Gotton, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 King Edward's man}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  at Hunsdon. He had other 
manors at 'Oxwick' and Stanstead Abbots in Hertfordshire and Quicksbury in Essex, immediately across the county boundary from Sawbridgeworth, where he had a Freeman. His name is variously Alwin Gotton or Alwin of Gotton in Domesday, the former probably th
e correct form}{\insrsid12807907  since}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  it occurs in all three of the Conqueror's writs: Bates, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Regesta}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, nos. 297, 321, 324, pp. 891, 940-41, 947. It is possible, even likely, that he is the same man as Alwin Horne, also a royal thane, since between them they account for all the Alwins in the two Hertfordshire Hundreds of Broadwater and Braughing.}{
\insrsid12807907  Another royal thane held Aldbury and a thane of Earl Harold held Hertingfordbury, both valuable manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 15,3. 24,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, which is a large number of royal or quasi-royal thanes of the same name in a small county; but the name is very common and there are no apparent links between them.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ALWIN [* OF MENDLESHAM *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Alwin, one of eighteen free men at Cotton in Suffolk added to the manor of Mendlesham, may be the Alwin of Mendlesham named at Old Newton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 1,77. 31,51}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, though their status is dissimilar.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ALWIN <OF STANTON>. Alwin is one of the most common names in Domesday Book but comparatively uncommon in the north-west, occurring just twice in Derbyshire and not at all in Cheshire. In these
 circumstances, the Alwin from whom Henry of Ferrers acquired }{\insrsid12807907 Stanton and one of the five manors in Etwall in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Derbyshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 6,21;98}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 may be the same }{\insrsid12807907 man}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . The }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  are roughly ten miles apart.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ALWIN SON OF EDWY [* THE NOBLE *]. Alwin}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  who was preceded by his father Edwy on an unidentified manor held from Roger of Lacy in Herefordshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
HEF 10,15}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , is almost certainly }{\insrsid12807907 the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Alwin son of Edwy the noble who held Butterley from Roger}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 HEF 10,}{\insrsid12807907 
70}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Roger had no other tenants of this name, and there were no }{\insrsid12807907 other such survivors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  in Herefordshire or neighbouring counties.}{\insrsid12807907  Alwin}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 's manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 4704) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, p. 148.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ALWIN [* STICKHARE *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Alwin, whose substantial manor of Heydon in Essex was acquired by Robert son of Roscelin}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 76,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is probably Alwin Stickhare, King Edward's man, who preceded Robert at Stepney in Middlesex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab MDX 16,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Although Alwin is one of the most common names in Domesday, he may also be King Edward's man at Haggeston, two miles from Stepney}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab MDX 14,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and the Alwin on a second ma
nor in Heydon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 10,5}}}{\insrsid12807907 , both of comparable status to his other manors. Heydon was acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8010676 Hugh of Berni\'e8res}{\insrsid12807907 , who had a manor in Stepney}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab MDX 3,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and a tenant in the vill, Alwin son of Brictmer, who held a mill from him}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab MDX 3,11}}}{\insrsid12807907 . If this Alwin is Alwin Stickhare, then he survi
ved the Conquest, though only as a mill-owner. None of these tenants-in-chief had tenants or predecessors named Alwin elsewhere, except on one small holding at }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5457067 Alfhildestuna}{\insrsid12807907 
 in Suffolk, acquired by Robert Gernon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 36,5}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Alwin's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 mill is recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{
\insrsid12807907 (no. 566)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ALWIN [* THE REEVE *]. Alwin is a common name, and not uncommon even among survivors in 1086. There are ten suc
h in Bedfordshire, one identified as Alwin the priest and three others as Alwin the reeve. There are grounds for thinking the remaining six }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 also }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
the reeve. The survivors encircle Bedford, the southern half of the county containing none, though there are several pre-Conquest Alwins there. Four of the survivors o}{\insrsid12807907 ccur in the section devoted to reeves, beadles and almsmen}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , three holding in the same vill, Sutton, and the fourth in the adjacent vill of Beeston}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 BDF 57,3v;}{
\insrsid12807907 3vi;5;11}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; one, at Sutton, had survived since 1066}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . The others are tenants of Eudo the steward at Sutton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 21,7}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 and of Countess Judith at Sutton and Clifton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 53,22;36}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Sutton and Beeston are straddled by the vills of Tempsford, Edworth and Holme, where Alwin the reeve is identified; and Clifton is four }{
\insrsid12807907 to five miles from Edworth and Holme.
\par \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Alwin the reeve may }{\insrsid12807907 also }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 be the Alwin who held }{\insrsid12807907 half a carucate}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  in 1066 }{\insrsid12807907 at}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Sawtry in Huntingdonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HUN 29,6}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{\insrsid12807907 where }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Countess Judith held the main manor in the vill}{\insrsid12807907 
 and a former reeve, Alwin,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 is named}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 as having 'formerly' held half a hide }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 in a writ of William Rufus}{
\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Regesta}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , i. no. 322. }{\insrsid12807907 
Rufus ordered the sheriff to reinstate the abbey of Ramsey in the half-hide, which may cast some light on a mysterious statement in the Claims for Huntingdonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HUN D6}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 'that the land of Alwin the priest was the Abbot's; and
 that each was the priest's and the reeve's land [respectively]'. What 'each' refers to is obscure; but it may well include the reeve's land at Sawtry. No Alwin the priest is recorded in Huntingdonshire, nor any Alwin on the Honour of the abbey of Ramsey.
 However, one such priest occurs in the region, the other surviving Alwin in Bedfordshire. Like several of the others, his manor is recorded among the reeves, beadles and almsmen}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3157249 57,19}}}{
\insrsid12807907 ; and like Alwin at Sutton, he survived for two decades. These links are suggestive, despite the ubiquity of the name, though it is difficult to envisage the Conqueror endowing a reeve to perform '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3157249 
mass every week on Mondays for th}{\insrsid12807907 e souls of the King and the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3157249 Queen}{\insrsid12807907 '. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 To put this distribution in }{\insrsid12807907 perspective}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{\insrsid12807907 no other Alwin the priest is recorded in circuits three or six at either date, and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 only }{\insrsid12807907 one }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 other reeve }{
\insrsid12807907 anywhere at all in Domesday, though a reeve of the abbot of Ely named Alwin occurs }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 at Melbourn in Cambridgeshire}{\insrsid12807907  in the Ely Inquisition}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 31,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 : }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Inquisitio Eliensis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (ed. Hamilton, p. 109). Alwin's manors on fief 57 are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 (no. 1276) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 148, apart from Beeston, whose tenant and those on other fiefs are unidentified (nos. 229, 491, 506, 557).}{\insrsid12807907 
 The wife - or widow - who succeeded }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Alwin }{\insrsid12807907 at Sawtry}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 10465).
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ALWIN [* }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 THE SHERIFF OF GLOUCESTERSHIRE *]. Alwin the sheriff, named as the pr
edecessor of William Goizenboded at Guiting and 'Duni' in Gloucestershire, may be the Alwin from whom William acquired six other manors in the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 34,5-7;9-11}}}{\insrsid12807907 , almost all respectable}
{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , two worth more than \'a35 each. He may also be the Alwin who}{\insrsid12807907  preceded}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Gilbert son of Turold}{\insrsid12807907  at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Aylworth}{
\insrsid12807907 , where}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  William Goizenboded was his predecessor in the same vill}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 34,6. 52,6}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Alwin is named as sheriff on the royal manors of }{\insrsid12807907 '}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Barton}{\insrsid12807907 '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and Awre, assuming that Alwy the sheriff }{\insrsid12807907 there}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is a scribal error, as seems likely}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid5982471 GLS 1,}{\insrsid12807907 2;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5982471 13}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . At }{\insrsid12807907 '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Barton}{\insrsid12807907 '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, he leased a hide in Upton to which Humphrey of Maidenhill succeeded, so he may be the Alwy whose manor at Sezincote was acquired by Humphrey; Urso }{\insrsid12807907 the sheriff}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 acquired a manor in the same vill from Alwin}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 65,1. 70,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Similarly at Awre}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  submanors which he 'placed ... out of the re
venue' were held by Roger of Berkeley and William son of Baderon, both of whom succeeded an Alwin on their fiefs}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 32,6. 42,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. Alwin may also be the Alwy whose holdings at Evington and Cirencester were acquired by William son of Baderon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 19,2. 32,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 : }{\insrsid12807907 Williams, 'Introduction to the Gloucestershire Domesday',}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  p. 23.
\par \tab Alwin is also named as sheriff at Wolferlow in Herefordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 10,66}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  where he }{\insrsid12807907 was }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
succeeded }{\insrsid12807907 by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Roger of Lacy, so he is possibly the Alwin who preceded Roger at Edgeworth}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 39,9}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, which would have been one of his more valuable manors. His name, of course, is a common one, so he may have held other manors in the county, though none of these were more valuable than those assigned to him here. }{\insrsid12807907 
It has been suggested that he may be the sheriff, Alwy, who had a modest manor at Bletchingdon among the king's officers in Oxfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1730795 OXF 58,27}}}{
\insrsid12807907 : Green, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1730795 English sheriffs}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 42, 69. There is no other indication that the sheriff of Gloucestershire survived until 1086; but this entry is ambiguous. Although Alwy 'holds' the manor, it is also recorded that }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1730795 Manasseh}{\insrsid12807907 
 the cook (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1730795 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ), who was probably dead by 1086, had bought it from him, so 'holds' may be a scribal error for 'held', no pre-Conquest lord being recorded in the entry. }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 A list of }{\insrsid12807907 Alwin/Alwy's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  manors is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 English nobility, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 pp. 233-34, wh
ich does not include}{\insrsid12807907  Bletchingdon,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  the Lacy manors}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  or those of William son of Baderon attributed by the scribe to an Alwy. }{\insrsid12807907 
Dr Clarke }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ranks him sixty-eighth in wealth among untitled laymen; the additional holdings would raise him a dozen or more places.}{\insrsid12807907  Alwy's apparent tenancy at Bletchingdon is recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 4312)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  149.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ALWIN [* THE SHERIFF OF WARWICKSHIRE *]. }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Alwin the sheriff, father of Thorkil of Warwick (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ), is identified by title or as Thorkil's father on seven manors in Warwickshire. }{
\insrsid12807907 Dr}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Williams suggests he is the Alwin who held land in the 'family vills' of Thorkil and his relatives: Kemerton in Gloucestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 19,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
; and Fillongley, Lawford, Nuneaton, Lea Marston, Harbury and Flecknoe in Warwickshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 WAR 5}{\insrsid12807907 ,1. 17,47;70. 23,3. 29,2. 44,11}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
: 'A vice-comital family', pp. 279-82, 285, 288, 291, 294. To these should perhaps be added Fenny Compton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 17,59}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , acquired by
 Thorkil, shared with a brother, and located in a 'family vill'. He may also be Alwin the sheriff who held Offord d'Arcy in Huntingdonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HUN 19,25}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, whose sheriffdom is uncertain}{\insrsid12807907 : Green, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8149918 English sheriff}{\insrsid12807907 s, p. 48.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4744120 ALWOLD. Alwold is a common }{\insrsid12807907 name which occurs}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4744120  in twenty-six counties, on the lands of more than forty tenants-in-chief, with significant clusters in Devon and in Som
erset, where many of the most valuable manors lie}{\insrsid12807907 ; all but a handful occur south of the Wash}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4744120 . Eleven survivors are scattered around ten counties.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid4744120 ALWOLD}{\insrsid12807907  [* OF STEVINGTON *]}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid4744120 . }{\insrsid12807907 Alwold of Stevington, whose man held land in Turvey in Bedfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 2,8}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is very probably Alwold, a man or thane of King Edward, who provided the bulk of the fief of Count Eustace of Boulogne in Bedfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 15,1;4-7}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, and almost certainly also the royal thane Aethelwold who held the valuable manor of Stevington itself}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 15,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, also acquired by Eustace, though the names Alwold and Aethelwold 'would certainly be deemed distinct': Round, 'Domesday survey of Bedfordshire', p. 202. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5321107 He is probably also the royal thane}{\insrsid12807907  Alwold}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid5321107  who preceded Countess Judith }{\insrsid12807907 on another valuable manor, at }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5321107 Maulden}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 53,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid5321107  since two }{\insrsid12807907 royal thanes of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5321107  the same name in a small county is unlikely.}{\insrsid12807907  Neither tenant-in-chief had other Alwolds on their Honours. 
An Alwold, Bishop Wulfwy's man had a modest manor in Hinwick}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16517438 BDF 3}{\insrsid12807907 4,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and an Alwold survived on a tiny holding in Rushden}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16517438 BDF 3,17}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , both within a few miles of Alwold of Stevington's manors in the same Hundred of 'Willey'; but there are no links other than proximity to connect them. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 A list of }{\insrsid12807907 Alwold/Aethelwold's}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  manor}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 English }{\i\insrsid12807907 n}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 obility}{\i\insrsid12807907 , }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 pp. }{\insrsid12807907 232-33}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 , }{\insrsid12807907 which}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  }{\insrsid12807907 does not include }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5321107 Maulden.}{
\insrsid12807907  Dr Clarke ranks him seventy-eighth in wealth among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 untitled laymen; the addition of Maulden would raise him approximately ten places.}{\i\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2819654 .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid4744120 ALWOLD}{\insrsid12807907  [* SON OF ERNGEAT *]}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid4744120 . }{\insrsid12807907 Although a common name, it is likely that most if not all Alwolds in Worcestershire are one man, Alwold son of Erngeat, a thane of Earl Edwin, who held part of the royal manor of Bromsgrove}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
WOR 1,1c}}}{\insrsid12807907  alongside his putative father and perhaps a brother, Frani, both also thanes of the earl. This makes it probable that he is the Alwold who held 'Thickenappletree' and Hampton Lovett}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WOR 26,10. 27,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 which, according to Hemming, the bishop of Worcester demanded as the price for the admission of Erngeat's unnamed son - perhaps Alwold himself - to the monastery, Erngeat refusing}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6753657 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6753657 
Hemingi cartularium}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6753657 264-65}{\insrsid12807907 ;
 Williams, 'Introduction to the Worcestershire Domesday', p. 22. He may also be the Alwold whose valuable manor Elmley Lovett was acquired by Ralph of Tosny}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WOR 15,13}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, Elmley, Hampton Lovett and 'Thickenappletree' lying within five miles of each other, a few miles south-west and west of Bromsgrove, providing 'a reasonable case' for the identification: Baxter, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3938572 Earls of Mercia}{
\insrsid12807907 , p. 252. It is likely, too, that he held 'Osmerley'}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WOR 26,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 , acquired - like Bromsgrove - by Urso the sheriff, who may have succeeded Alwold's father at }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16474343 Hatete}{\insrsid12807907 . Finally, it is not unlikely that he held Northfield}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WOR 23,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, almost as valuable as Elmley, seven miles from Bromsgrove, even closer to 'Osmerley'. There are no other Alwolds in the county.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ALWOLD [* THE BALD *]. }{\insrsid12807907 According to }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6717044 Exon.}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1670569 Turstin}{\insrsid12807907 
 son of Rolf acquired South Cadbury in Somerset from Alwold the bald, evidently }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7150349 Turstin}{\insrsid12807907 's designated predecessor since the scribe noted where land had been added to that of Alwold}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SOM 36,2;7}}}{\insrsid12807907 . More than 75% of }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1670569 Turstin}{\insrsid12807907 's fief in Somerset was contributed by an Alwold}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 36,1;5;10-11;13-14}}}{\insrsid12807907 
; in Gloucestershire, one of his two most valuable manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 67,5}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; and another in Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 33,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  from one of the two Alwolds in the county. He is probably also the Alwold }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8472524 
who leased land}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8472524 from Cerne }{\insrsid12807907 abbey}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8472524  }{\insrsid12807907 at Cheriton in Somerset, where }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1670569 Turstin}{\insrsid12807907 
's predecessor had a manor }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8472524 in the vill}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 28,2. 36,14}}}{\insrsid12807907 . }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 A list of }{\insrsid12807907 his}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  manor}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  is given by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8472524 Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11564255 English nobility}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8472524 , pp 231-32}{
\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8472524  }{\insrsid12807907 which does not include South Cadbury}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8472524 .}{\insrsid12807907  Dr Clarke ranks him sixty-second in wealth among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{
\insrsid12807907 untitled laymen; Cadbury would raise him a couple of places.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \cbpat8 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ALWY [* OF THETFORD *]. }{\insrsid12807907 
All Alwys in Norfolk may be }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Alwy of Thetford}{\insrsid12807907 . His byname}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is }{\insrsid12807907 recorded}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 on the royal manor of Stockton in Norfolk, six times on the fief of Roger Bigot in the county, and once }{\insrsid12807907 again}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  on }{\insrsid12807907 his}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  fief}{\insrsid12807907  }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 in Suffolk. It may reasonably be suspected that Alwin of Thetford}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  who preceded Roger at Hudeston}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 9,100}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is a scribal error for Alwy, an error repeated but corrected in a later entry}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 9,183}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Although }{\insrsid12807907 the name is common}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{
\insrsid12807907 Alwy}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  may be identified elsewhere with some confidence due to the highly skewed distribution of the name: only one of the twenty-six unidentified Alw}{\insrsid12807907 y}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
s in Norfolk }{\insrsid12807907 - too many to list here - }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 are unconnected with Roger Bigot, who is named as Alwy's predecessor in several entries}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 NFK }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
9,14-15;183;228}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Further confirmation of his identity - should it be needed - is provided by his relationship with his son, Stanhard (}{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 q.v.}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ); by his post-Conquest activities in the county }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 recorded in eight entries}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
NFK 9,16;23;104-105;108;228. 10,30. 65,10}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , and by }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 his frequent appearance as a lord }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
of men. In view of his numerous holdings, he is probably the Alwy who bought the large and very valuable manor of Hemsby}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 NFK 10,30}}}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, previously held by Earl Algar. Archbishop Stigand 'took it away' and gave it to his brother, Almer, after which 'it was in the bishopric'. It is not clear when these events occurred; but if Alwy's purchase was before1066, he 
would qualify for inclusion in }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 Dr}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Clarke's list of landowners with more than \'a340 of land.}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
 Further detail on the relationship of Alwy and Bigot is provided by an early twelfth-century memorandum from St Benet of Holme: Stenton, 'St Benet of Holme', pp. 225-
33. Alwy appears to have had an official position of some kind, perhaps a reeve or deputy to Roger Bigot}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 NFK 65,10}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 : Campbell, 'Some agents', p. 210; }{\insrsid12807907 Williams, 'Meet the }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4145467 antecessores}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5600767 ', }{\insrsid12807907 285-86}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 . He may therefore be the same man as the reeve Alwy of Colchester, the onl
y other Alwy in Norfolk, whose one appearance in Domesday Book is on the fief of St Benet of Holme, acting in an official capacity, a series of coincidences suggesting his identity with Alwy of Thetford; his son, Stanhard, had substantial holdings in the 
city. No Alwy is recorded in Colchester, though there are several Alwins, two with substantial holdings in the city}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 ESS B3a}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 .}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ALWY [* SON OF ALSI OF FARINGDON *]. The unnamed son of Alsi of Faringdon at Wallingford in Berkshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
BRK B1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is probably Alwy}{\insrsid12807907 , who held}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Milton-under-Wychwood in Oxfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 59,21}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, identified from later records as Alwy son of Alsi of Faringdon: }{\insrsid12807907 Stenton, 'Domesday survey of Oxfordshire', }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15341417 p.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 388 note 3. Dr Keats-Rohan suggests he is also the Alwy at Worton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 58,37}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , which is possible given that he is }{\insrsid12807907 the only other}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  surviv}{\insrsid12807907 ing Alwy in the county if - as seems likely - Alwy the sheriff recorded at Bletchingdon involves scribal errors in name and date, that Alwy probably being Alwin the sheriff of Gloucestershire (}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5982471 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ), dead before 1086}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Alwy's manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 4745) and referenced in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 150.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ALWY [* SON OF BANNA *]. Alwy}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  who held Alfoxton, Stawley and Oakley in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 35,13;16;24}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is named the son of Banna in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Exon.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , as at Martock and Shapwick}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 1,27. 8,5}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, where he is not }{\insrsid12807907 recorded}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  in Domesday Book itself}{\insrsid12807907 , though twice named Alwin in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3826219 Exon}{\insrsid12807907 . (SO 1,27. 35,24)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . All five holdings were acquired by Alfred 'of Spain', evidently his officially designated successor}{\insrsid12807907  since}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 it is recorded of Alfred's manors of Stowey and Leigh that they h}{\insrsid12807907 ad been 'added' to the lands of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Alwy, identified at Leigh in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Exon}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. as Banna's son}{\insrsid12807907 .}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Alfred's fiefs in Devon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 38,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 45,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and Wiltshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
WIL 54,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  came from Alwy, as did }{\insrsid12807907 eighteen}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  manors in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 SOM 35,1-5;10;13}{
\insrsid12807907 -24}}}{\insrsid12807907 , including those named above where }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10551481 Exon}{\insrsid12807907 . identifies him as Banna's son}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . He
 provided more than 75% of the value of Alfred's Honour, and was his only significant predecessor apart from a single manor acquired }{\insrsid12807907 by Alfred }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 from Earl Harold. }{\insrsid12807907 
If Alwy of Thetford is excluded, Somerset and Wiltshire are the counties in which Alwys occur most frequently, so it is not unlikely that Banna's son held other manors there. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Alwy lost all his lands; but if, as seems possible, he is the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Eluui}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Haussonna }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Exon.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , he survived in straightened circumstances on a single hide at Banwell, a manor of the bishop of Wells}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 SO}{\insrsid12807907 M 6,9}
}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 With a single exception, his overlords are not recorded; but Professor Loud suggests he may have been a dependant of Earl Harold: 'Introduction to the Somerset Domesday', p. 18. }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 A list of his manors is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 English nobility}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, pp. 221-22, who ranks him fifty-eighth in wealth among untitled laymen. Banwell is recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 1995) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 188, under }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Eluui Haussona}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ALWY [* SON OF SAEWULF *]. Alwy, who held Lockerley among the }{\insrsid12807907 king's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  thanes of Hampshire }{\insrsid12807907 in 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 69,24}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, may be Alwy son of Saewulf}{\insrsid12807907  at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  East Tytherley, two }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  away; both were held by Alwy or his father in 1066 and 1086. Another thane, Alwy son of }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Turber,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is not recorded before the Conquest. }{\insrsid12807907 The sons of Saewulf and }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Turber}{\insrsid12807907 
 are the only surviving Alwys in the county. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Alwy at Tytherley is recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 507) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6517290 155.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 149; Alwy at Lockerley is unidentified (no. 6611).
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 AMALRIC [* OF DREUX *]. Amalric, who held Britwell in Oxfordshire from Miles Crispin}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 35,22}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, is probably Amalric of Dreux, who held land (albeit illegally) from Miles Crispin and Alfred of Marlborough at Chedglow in Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 26,19. 28,10}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, and from the king at Manningford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 66,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . The name is rare, the only other occurrences being tenant}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  of Henry of Ferrers in Derbyshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
DBY 6,84;91}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Amalric son of Ralph, possibly }{\insrsid12807907 a}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  grandson}{\insrsid12807907  of this Amalric}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, was a Ferrers tenant in Berkshire in the second half of the twelfth century which, together with the rarity of the name, suggests that the Ferrers}{\insrsid12807907 '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  tenant}{\insrsid12807907 s}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  in Derbyshire may be Amalric of Dreux: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 VCH Berkshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , iii. 401. The descent of Britwell tends to confirm this: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Boarstall cartulary}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 325-27. Amalric's manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 4740) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people
}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 150, 489-90.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 AMBROSE <OF TILSWORTH>. The name Ambrose occurs seven times, }{\insrsid12807907 all seven}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  tenant}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  of William Peverel}{
\insrsid12807907  so almost certainly one man. He held}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Tilsworth in Bedfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 22,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 ;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Adstock in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 16,8}}}{\insrsid12807907 ;}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Desborough, Kelmarsh, and Mollington in Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 35,12-13;26}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , and Strelley and Bilborough in Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 10,28;39}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . When their descent can first be traced, the}{\insrsid12807907 y}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  were in the hands of five families}{\insrsid12807907 , t}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 hree hav}{\insrsid12807907 ing
}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 possibly }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 descended through his daughters}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the others }{\insrsid12807907 being un}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 accounted for: }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 Farrer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 Honors}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 i.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 154-55, 158-59, 163-64, 178-79, 222-23. Ambrose}{\insrsid12807907 's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 1665)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  150.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ANDREW. The name Andrew occurs five times in Domesday}{\insrsid12807907  Book}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , in three widely separated counties, on the lands of three tenants-in-chief, so }{\insrsid12807907 perhaps}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  borne by three individuals.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par ................................................................................................................................................................
\par ANDREW <OF CHICHELEY>. Andrew, who held Chicheley in Buckinghamshire from William son of Ansculf}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 17,25}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , has no links with his namesakes. The descent of Chicheley is obscure: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 VCH Buckinghamshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , iv. 311-14. Andrew is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 1346).}{\insrsid12807907 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par ................................................................................................................................................................
\par ANDREW <OF OTLEY>. Andrew, who held a substantial manor at Otley in Suffolk from Roger of Poitou}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 8,11}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , has no links with his namesakes. Otley was later held by a family of that name: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 915. Andrew is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 12533).}{\insrsid12807907 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par ................................................................................................................................................................
\par ANDREW [* OF VITR\'c9 *]. As the name is rare, it is probable that the Count of Mortain's tenant at Polscoe and }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Carbihan}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  in Cornwall}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 CON 5}{
\insrsid12807907 ,24,22-23}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is his tenant on the royal manor of Winnianton, at Boden}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 1,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
; the tenants of this manor frequently held from the Count elsewhere in the county}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . He has no links with other Andrews. His manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 (no. 1690) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 151, where he is identified as a son of the lord of Vitr\'e9 in Brittany (Ille-et-Vilaine: arrondissement Rennes).
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ANSCULF}{\insrsid12807907 
. Ansculf is a rare forename which occurs on the Honour of William son of Ansculf, and twice in Norfolk.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6517290 ANSCULF [* OF PICQUIGNY *]. Ansculf}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6517290  the sheriff }{\insrsid12807907 named }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6517290 at Bradwell in Buckinghamshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid6517290 BUK 17,}{\insrsid12807907 20}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6517290  and Wandsworth in Surrey}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUR 21,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid6517290  is Ansculf of Picquigny, father of William son of Ansculf, who succeeded him }{\insrsid12807907 on those manors and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6517290  at Ellesborough in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 17,2}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid6517290 , where his byname}{\insrsid12807907  is recorded}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6517290 .}{\insrsid12807907  He was from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6517290 Picquigny in }{\insrsid12807907 Picardy}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid6517290  (Somme: arrondissement Amiens).}{\insrsid12807907  As an intermediate landowner, his manors are not listed in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13901277 Coel}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\i\insrsid12807907 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907  or the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13901277 Statistics}{\insrsid12807907  database.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ANSEGIS <OF }{\insrsid12807907 NEWNHAM}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 The name Ansegis occurs twice, both in Warwickshire, on }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  some }{\insrsid12807907 four}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{
\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  apart, so the tenant of Geoffrey of la Guerche at Newnham }{\insrsid12807907 Paddox }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 is }{\insrsid12807907 almost certainly }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
the Ansegis who held Harborough from the king}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 31,11. 44,16}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Harborough was in the hands of a family of that name in the early twelfth century; the descent of Newnham is uncertain: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 VCH Warwickshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , vi. 100-101, 193. }{\insrsid12807907 His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 8851)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 154.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6517290 ANSFRID [* OF CORMEILLES *]. The Ansfrid}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6517290  at Moccas and Tarrington in Herefordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 7,7. 10,36}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6517290  }{
\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6517290  probably Ansfrid of Cormeilles, a tenant-in-chief in the county and in }{\insrsid12807907 the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6517290 neighbouring }{\insrsid12807907 county of }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid6517290 Gloucestershire. }{\insrsid12807907 He}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6517290  held the remainder of the vill of Tarrington in chief}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 21,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6517290 , and Moccas is 
}{\insrsid12807907 eight}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6517290  miles from the nearest of his }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6517290 , at Clehonger}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 21,7}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6517290 
. The name is rare in this part of the country, all }{\insrsid12807907 other }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6517290 Ansfrids in }{\insrsid12807907 Herefordshire and neighbouring}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6517290  counties being Ansfrid of Cormeilles. }{
\insrsid12807907 His manors, including Moccas and Tarrington, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 2685)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{
\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6517290  155.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1667477 ANSGER. Ansger is not an uncommon name but most Ansgers are identified in Domesday Book}{\insrsid12807907 
 or the satellite texts, fewer than twenty lacking bynames. Of these, six occur in as many counties north of the Thames, each on the fief of a different tenant-in-chief; the remainder in Devon. All Ansgers are post-Conquest landowners.}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10384420 ANSGER [* THE BRETON *]. The Ansger}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10384420  who held }{\insrsid12807907 four manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10384420  in Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 26,8;11;26;43}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and six in Devon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10384420 19,31;36;65;75;81-82}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10384420  from the Count of Mortain }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10384420  probably Ansger the Breton, }{\insrsid12807907 
named in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6717044 Exon.}{\insrsid12807907  as his}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10384420  tenant on }{\insrsid12807907 four}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10384420  manors in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10384420 
1,19. 19,4;8;46}}}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10384420 and }{\insrsid12807907 another }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10384420 four in Devon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 15,12-15}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. He has been identified as the Ansger of Montacute who held a manor at Preston Plucknett in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 45,18}}}{\insrsid12807907  and a small fief in Devon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 40,1-7}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Preston is two miles from Odcombe, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10384420 caput}{\insrsid12807907  of the barony held by the descendants of Ansger the Breton (Sanders, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10443019 English baronies}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 132-33), the bulk of whose manors lay between Preston and those of Ansger of Montacute in Devon, Preston being one mile from Houndstone and another from Lufton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 19,81-82}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. There are shared names among the predecessors, though all - Aelfric, Alward, Godric -are common in the area; and Ansger's byna
me has obvious associations with 'the fee of Montacute', or with the castle of the Count of Mortain, three miles from Preston, so there are reasonable grounds for an identification, accepted by J.H. Round, though he might have had second thoughts had he k
nown that Ansger of Montacute is named Ansger of Senarpont (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10384420 de Ponte Senardi}{\insrsid12807907 ) in the Geld Roll for Devon: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10384420 Devonshire Domesday}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. xxii-iii; 'Domesday survey of Somerset', p. 412. If, as seems likely, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10443019 Ponte Senardi}{\insrsid12807907  is Senarpont in Picardy (Somme: arrondisse
ment Amiens), a Breton byname is problematic. The manors of Ansger the Breton/of Montacute are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 683)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  156.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ANSGERED}{\insrsid12807907 "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  [* OF WATERVILLE *]. }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11956473 Ansgered}{\insrsid12807907 
, tenant of the abbey of Peterborough at Orton Waterville in Huntingdonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HUN 8,3-4}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is identified as the ancestor of the Waterville family by the descent of his manors: }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid1604828 King, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1604828 Peterborough }{\i\insrsid12807907 abbey}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1604828 , pp. 24, 56}{\insrsid12807907 ; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11956473 Henry of Pytchley}{
\insrsid12807907 , pp. 54-55}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1604828 . }{\insrsid12807907 Dr }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11352544 Keats-Rohan}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1604828  identifies }{\insrsid12807907 him as }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1604828 the }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11956473 Ansgered}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1604828  }{\insrsid12807907 who held part of the manor }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1604828 of }{\insrsid12807907 Cropredy in Oxfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1604828 OXF 6,13}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid1604828 , }{\insrsid12807907 perhaps}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1604828  }{\insrsid12807907 as the only other }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11956473 Ansgered}{\insrsid12807907  in Domesday. Twelfth century sources render it as }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11956473 Ansered}{\insrsid12807907 , a form which appears once in Domesday}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 7,17}}}{\insrsid12807907  but whose derivation is equally unclear: Hugh Candidus, p. 114; King, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15865947 
Peterborough abbey}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 56. The descent of }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11956473 Ansgered}{\insrsid12807907 's subtenancy at Cropredy has not been traced: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11956473 VCH Oxfordshire}{\insrsid12807907 , x. 162. 
}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11956473 Ansgered}{\insrsid12807907 's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 8838)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
 and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  154.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4001941 ANSGOT. }{\insrsid12807907 The}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4001941  name Ansgot }{\insrsid12807907 occurs}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4001941  on one fief and }{\insrsid12807907 more than thirty}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid4001941  manors, distributed among}{\insrsid12807907 
 fifteen counties between Hampshire and Yorkshire and the lands of the king and ten of his tenants-in-chief, with a cluster in Kent and smaller ones in Surrey and Sussex. By convention, the translation re
nders pre-Conquest Ansgots as Asgot, post-Conquest as Ansgot. See von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid394746 Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 165-66.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ANSGOT [* OF BURWELL *]. Ansgot}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held a small fief in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LIN 55}{\insrsid12807907 
,1-4}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  is named Ansgot of Burwell in the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10317099 Lindsey Survey}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 where he held the manors of his Domesday fief and a number of others, on two of which his wife was his tenant}{\insrsid12807907  (16/21. 17/6. 18/3;15)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 
The name does not occur in neighbouring counties apart from a single manor in Yorkshire, held by an Ansgot Rufus. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 His fief was subsequently confiscated and twice re}{\insrsid12807907 -}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
granted}{\insrsid12807907 . His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 3365)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 157}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ANSGOT [* OF ROCHESTER *]. Ansgot of Rochester}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 named as }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 a tenant of the bishop of Bayeux on }{\insrsid12807907 
two manors in Bedfordshire and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 seven in Kent, }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 identified}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  in the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Domesday Monachorum}{\insrsid12807907  (}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 p. 103) as the Ansgot who held another }{\insrsid12807907 manor from the bishop}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 in Kent, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
at 'Howbury'}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 5,20}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; he is very probably the Ansgot of Rots (below) named in the same source (p. 95) as holding the valuable manor of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Farningham from the archbishop}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
KEN 2,28}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and he is very likely}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  the one other Ansgot in the county, on the royal manor of Aylesford, where he held 'as much of the land of this manor as is valued at \'a37 near Rochester'}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
KEN 1,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . It is likely}{\insrsid12807907 , too,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  that he is the tenant of Bishop Odo on three manors in Surrey}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUR 5,6;12;14}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, and probably the Ansgot of Rots who held Preston Bissett in Buckinghamshire from the bishop}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 4,35}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . N}{\insrsid12807907 o other Ansgots are recorded }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
in Bedfordshire}{\insrsid12807907 , Buckinghamshire or Kent}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ; of the two}{\insrsid12807907  others}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  in Surrey, 
he is unlikely to be Ansgot the interpreter but might be the Ansgot who held four hides in Woking from Bishop Osbern of Exeter, though there are no links to confirm this}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUR 4,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{
\insrsid12807907 As}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Ansgot of Rots, his place of origin }{\insrsid12807907 would be}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Rots in Lower Normandy (Calvados: arrondissement Caen), a few }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  from Bayeux and Caen, centres of Odo's power-base in Normandy}{\insrsid12807907 , further confirmation if it were needed of the identity of Ansgot of Rots and Ansgot of Rochester}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{
\insrsid12807907 His}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 724) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 157.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ANSGOT [* RUFUS *]. Ansgot, who held Hamphall Stubbs in Yorkshire from Ilbert of Lacy}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 9W43}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , is }{
\insrsid12807907 almost certainly }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Ansgot Rufus, who donated thraves of corn in Hamphall and Stubbs to Ilbert's foundation of St Clement, Pontefract: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Early Yorkshire charters}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , iii. 185-87. Ilbert ha}{\insrsid12807907 d}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  no other tenants of this name, and there are none elsewhere in Yorkshire o
r in the neighbouring counties, apart from Ansgot of Burwell in Lincolnshire. Ansgot's manor is recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 8802) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 157.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ANSKETIL [* OF FOURNEAUX *]. Ansketil, who held Barham in Cambridgeshire from Count Alan of Brittany}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 14,8}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, is identified as Ansketil of Fourneaux in the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (ed. Hamilton, p. 33), and as the Count's tenant at Swannington and Harling in Norfolk}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NFK 4,32;47}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and at Ainderby Steeple in Yorkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 6N34}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  by the descent of the Fourneaux fee, with land in those vills: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Early Yorkshire charters}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , v. 179-82. The Count had no other tenants of this name}{\insrsid12807907 , a
nd there are no more unidentified Ansketils in Yorkshire. The one other Ansketil in Cambridgeshire is probably the juror, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Ansketil of H\'e9rouville}{\insrsid12807907 
, and it is unlikely that the Count's tenant is the reeve at Melton Constable in Norfolk, or the son of Ospak who failed to render account for his three-shilling subtenancy at North Barningham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13129267 NFK 10,58}{
\insrsid12807907 . }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13129267 66,99}}}{\insrsid12807907 , the remaining Ansketils in that county}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Ansketil's manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 1181) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 152-53.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ANSKETIL [* OF GRAYE *]. The Ansketils who held Rotherfield Greys and South Newington in Oxfordshire from the escheated fief of William son of Osbern}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 59,5;19}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 may be Ansketil of Graye, who held five other manors on the same fief. It is also likely that he is the Ansketil who held Chastleton from the bishop of Bayeux}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 7,58}}}{\insrsid12807907 , since}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  many of the manors on }{\insrsid12807907 the escheated}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  fief were held by tenants of the bishop, notably Roger of Ivry and Robert d'Oilly (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 q.v.}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ), who may be the Robert who held South Newington as a subtenancy from Ansketil. Chastleton, which belonged to Salford, is two }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 from the Graye manor of Cornwell, Salford less than two }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . The one other Ansketil in the county, a tenant of Edward of Salisbury on the valuable manor of North Aston, }{\insrsid12807907 
has been identified as}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  the same Ansketil, though this appears to be a mist}{\insrsid12807907 ake; he is more probably Ansketil the parker: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 VCH Oxfordshire}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , xi. 9. Ansketil of Graye may also be the tenant of the bishop of Bayeux at Thurrock in Essex, and perhaps of the bishop of London in Thurrock and the neighbouring vill of Orsett}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 3,2. 4,6. 18,29. 48,2}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Part of Thurrock is later named Grays Thurrock; and although the name cannot be directly associated with the bi
shop's tenant, whose descendants have not been traced, it would be a remarkable coincidence if they were unconnected: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 VCH Essex}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , viii. 40, 59. Ansketil's manors are recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 2718) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 151.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ANSKETIL [* OF H}{\insrsid12807907 E}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ROUVILLE *]. Ansketil, who held land at Croydon in Cambridgeshire from Picot of Cambridge}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 32,11}}}{\insrsid12807907  and is}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  the one unidentified Ansketil in the county, is }{\insrsid12807907 possibly}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Ansketil of H\'e9rouville, the juror of Whittlesford Hundred: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (ed. Hamilton, p. 99). Picot had no other tenants of this name. Ansketil is probably from H\'e9rouville-Saint-Clair in Lower
 Normandy (Calvados: arrondissement Caen). His manor is recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 6644) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 151.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ANSKETIL [* OF RIEUX *]. Dr Keats-Rohan suggests that the Ansketils who held land at Bexhill, Footland and Wellhead in Sussex from the Count of Eu}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 9,11;128;130}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 are 'perhaps' Ansketil of Rieux, who accounted in Sussex in the Pipe Roll of 1130 and whose family appears in the early charters of Tr\'e9port abbey, founded by the Count of Eu. The three manors are of similar status, lying a few }{\insrsid12807907 miles
}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  on either side of Battle, so were probably held by one man, whoever his descendants. The Count of Eu had no other tenants of this name. The one other Ansketil in the county had a ploughteam from Earl Roger of Shrewsbury 
}{\insrsid12807907 at B}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12145428 irdham}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 on the other side of the county, almost seventy }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  away}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 SU}{\insrsid12807907 S 11,44}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Rieux (Seine-Maritime: arrondissement Dieppe), in Upper Normandy, is a dozen }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 from Eu. Ansketil's manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. }{\insrsid12807907 683}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 152.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ANSKETIL [* OF ROTS *]. Ansketil, who held the entire fief of the archbishop of Canterbury in Hertfordshire apart from two acres}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 2,1-3;5}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , is }{
\insrsid12807907 very }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 probably Ansketil of Rots, named as holding part of Watton in the same Hundred 'under the archbishop'}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 16,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, as well as parts of the archiepiscopal manors of Maidstone and Gillingham in Kent}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 2,11-12}}}{\insrsid12807907  according to the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday Monachorum
}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 (}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 pp. 85-86}{\insrsid12807907 )}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. Ansketil was one of the major tenants of Bishop Odo of Bayeux in Kent, with ten manors, on all of which he is accorded his byname in Domesday Book or in the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday Monachorum}{\insrsid12807907  (pp. }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 101, 105}{\insrsid12807907 ), and at Tatsfield in Surrey}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . He also held Ashenfield in }{\insrsid12807907 Kent}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  from Christ Church, Canterbury}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
KEN 7,13}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 He}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 
probably the archdeacon who held the valuable manor of Deal from St Martin's of Dover, to which Bishop Odo added 100 acres filched from other prebends}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN M14}}}{\insrsid12807907 , }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 archdeacon }{\insrsid12807907 perhaps }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 of Canterbury and}{\insrsid12807907 /or}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Rochester}{\insrsid12807907 , possibly also}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 a canon of St Paul's: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , i. 47; ii. 12, 81. }{\insrsid12807907 There are no other Ansketils on the Honours of the bishop or archbishop and no
 unidentified Ansketils in Kent or Surrey, the one in Hertfordshire, a tenant of Robert Gernon, being very probably another man. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Rots is in Lower Normandy (Calvados: arrondissement Caen), a few }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  from Bayeux and Caen, centres of }{\insrsid12807907 Bishop }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Odo's power-base in Normandy. Ansketil's manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 108) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  1}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 54.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ANSKETIL [* OF ST M}{\insrsid12807907 E}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 DARD *]. Ansketil}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held land at Wittering in Northamptonshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NTH 6a,4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and Osgodby in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 8,8}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  from the }{\insrsid12807907 abbey of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Peterborough}{
\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  is}{\insrsid12807907  almost certainly }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Ansketil of St M\'e9dard}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  identified }{\insrsid12807907 
by the descent of these manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 : King, 'Peterborough "Descriptio }{\insrsid12807907 m}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ilitum''', p. 97;}{\insrsid12807907  Hugh Candidus, pp. 112, 162;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  
}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Henry of Pytchle}{\i\insrsid12807907 y,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  pp. 22-27.}{\insrsid12807907 
 The abbey had no other tenants of this name, and there were no others in Northamptonshire, though the name is not uncommon in Lincolnshire. Ansketil's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 2999)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  154.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 [* ANSKETIL OF TADMARTON *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The anonymous man-at-arms who held Tadmarton in Oxfordshire from Abingdon abbey is identified in its house chronicle as Ansketil of Tadmarton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 9,9b}}}{\insrsid12807907 : 
}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12131596 Historia Ecclesie Abbendonensis}{\insrsid12807907 , ii. 198-201. His manor is recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 4335)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{
\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907 , p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  152.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ANSKETIL [* }{\insrsid12807907 THE }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 PARKER *]. The Ansketils who held Clayhill, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Rime}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , Chilton and Blackmore}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab S
OM 21,7;9-10;35}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and eight }{\insrsid12807907 more }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 consecutive manors from Roger of Courseulles in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 21,20-27}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 are probably in most if not all cases Ansketil }{\insrsid12807907 the p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 arker, the scribe having omitted 'also' from }{\insrsid12807907 the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 consecutive entries}{\insrsid12807907 ;}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 the parker}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  held Newton}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Honibere }{\insrsid12807907 and Milton }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
among the royal thanes in the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 46,17-19}}}{\insrsid12807907 . }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 No other t
enant-in-chief had a tenant named Ansketil in the county, neither did Roger elsewhere on his Honour. Nine of the manors form a tight cluster in Cannington Hundred, where Ansketil }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 parcarius}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  owed tax on a hide: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 VCH Somerset}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , i. 533. He may also be the Ansketil who held the handsome manor of North Aston in Oxfordshire from Edward of Salisbury
}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
OXF 41,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 later held by the Trivet family}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  who held }{\insrsid12807907 the parker's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 Somerset manor of Chilton Trivett: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 VCH Oxfordshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , xi. 9; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 VCH Somerset}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , vi. 80-81; Oggins, 'Richard of Ilchester'
s inheritance', pp. 95, 113-14. Ansketil's manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 1209), apart from }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Rime}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 and Chilton, assigned to an}{\insrsid12807907 other}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Ansketil (no. 8845); the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  entry revises that in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 153.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ARNBIORN.}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Arnbiorn is }{\insrsid12807907 a }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 rare}{\insrsid12807907 
 name, stated or implied once each in Leicestershire and Derbyshire, fourteen times in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Lincolnshire and }{\insrsid12807907 thirteen in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Yorkshire}{\insrsid12807907  in eac
h of which counties, however, it was probably borne by no more than one or two individuals.
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par ................................................................................................................................................................
\par ARNBIORN <OF }{\insrsid12807907 'AVETHORPE'}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 >. }{\insrsid12807907 It is likely that all Arnbiorns in Lincolnshire are one man}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907 
 All but three of his manors were acquired by Robert of Tosny}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 
{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 18,11-12;17}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6498294 -23}}}{\insrsid12807907 , the three exceptions being linked to the Tosny manors in some way. Pointon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 52,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 was acquired by Gunfrid of Chocques (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6498294 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ), who is probably the tenant of Robert of Tosny on five of his holdings from Arnbiorn and probably the subject of a claim by Robert in Casewick}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
LIN 52,1. CK1}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Of the other two, Uffington, held by Alfred of Lincoln in 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 27,34}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is in the same vill as another of the Tosny manors; and Deeping, in the hands of Godfrey of Cambrai}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
LIN 51,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is linked to the others by a claim involving vills held by all three tenants-in-chief. The Claim}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN CK1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 concerns four manors of Alfred of Lincoln, in Deeping and Uffington, Tallington (where Tos
ny acquired another of Arnbiorn's manors), and perhaps Casewick, where Gunfrid had a manor. The manors are said not to be Arnbiorn's; and since the parties are unnamed, it is unclear who was claiming what; but as all three tenants-in-chief had manors in t
hose vills, Arnbiorn is probably the same man in each case. As the one Arnbiorn with land in the county, he is probably also the subject of the other two Claims}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10506115 CK9;47}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , both apparently concerned with manors of Alfred of Lincoln}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 27,24;55}}}{\insrsid12807907 , though Arnbiorn is not named in t
he relevant entries. Robert of Tosny also held land in one of these vills, Kirkby Underwood}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10506115 LIN 18,16}}}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par ................................................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ARNBIORN <OF CASTLETON>. Outside Lincolnshire and Yorkshire, the name Arnbiorn is rare, the Arnbiorn who shared a modest property on which William Peverel raised his castle at Castleton in Derbyshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
DBY 7,7}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  being the only Arnbiorn }{\insrsid12807907 other than a}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  priest in Leicestershire. He has no apparent connections with his Lincolnshire and Yorkshire namesakes.}{
\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ARNBIORN <OF }{\insrsid12807907 FRIDAYTHORPE}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 >. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, the Arnbiorn who held the royal manor at Fridaythorpe worth five shillings}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
YKS 1E55}}}{\insrsid12807907  may be Arnbiorn of Worsborough, though the isolation of his manor tells against this. There is no data for an identification other than the name of the vill s
ince the entry does not specify when Arnbiorn held the manor or to what date the valuation refers, though it is likely to be 1066 in both cases, the manor being probably valueless and without a tenant in 1086, as were the majority of those on the royal fi
ef in Yorkshire.
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par ................................................................................................................................................................
\par ARNBIORN <OF }{\insrsid12807907 WORSBOROUGH}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 >. }{\insrsid12807907 With the possible exception of Arnbiorn at Fridayth
orpe, it is probable that all Arnbiorns in Yorkshire are one man. All but one of his twelve manors were acquired by Ilbert of Lacy, and all are contained within a group less than twenty miles from north to south, most having other links between them. On t
hree, Arnbiorn survived for two decades}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 9W72-73;115}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; and on one of these and four others Gamal, Healfdene and Alric - usually two of them - held part of the manor in 1066 or 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 9W77;116;120;138}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , perhaps a family group. Three of the remaining four are within two or miles of one of these manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 9W102;140-141}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; only Crofton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 9W98}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 is somewhat detached, nine miles from Thornhill}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 9W98}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, one of those held by Arnbiorn for twenty years. The one manor not acquired by Ilbert lies in the same vill of Darton as another he did obtain with the same assessment and valuation and is probably a duplicate}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 1W24. 9W73}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, possibly a scribal error but perhaps, as Dr Wightman has suggested, the result of the grant to Ilbert occurring while Domesday was being compiled: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7277569 Lacy family}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 27.}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ARNGRIM.}{\insrsid12807907  Arngrim is an uncommon name which occurs}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 thirteen}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  times}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 distributed among the lands of the king and nine of his tenants-in-chief, in six counties north of a line from the Bristol Channel to the Wash.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ARNGRIM <OF BIDFORD>. Arngrim}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 who}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  shared }{\insrsid12807907 a modest }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
holding }{\insrsid12807907 worth twelve pence }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 at Bidford in Warwickshire}{\insrsid12807907  acquired by the b}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10033145 ishop of Bayeux}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 4,5}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 has no links with other Arngrims, none of them nearby.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ARNGRIM <OF ELSTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 T}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 he tenants of Ilbert of Lacy at Sibthorpe, Shelton and Elston in Nottinghamshire }{\insrsid12807907 are almost certainly}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 the same Arngrim}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 20,1-2;5}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{\insrsid12807907 as }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
also the Arngrim on a second manor in Elston, held from the bishop of Lincoln}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 6,5}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ; he was preceded }{\insrsid12807907 o}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 n all four }{
\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  by an }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Englishmen}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 with the rare name of Pilwin, who occurs nowhere else. The manors and their dependencies form a tight cluster within three }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  of Shelton. Arngrim }{\insrsid12807907 
is one of two survivors of this name, the other a Yorkshire monk. His}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 11668); he does not appear to be included in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ARNGRIM <OF MINSHULL>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare and the vills six miles apart, the Arngrims}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  at Wharton and Minshull }{\insrsid12807907 in Cheshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
CHS 5,9. 8,14}}}{\insrsid12807907 , acquired by Richard of Vernon and William Malbank,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 may be one man. If so, he is the only Arngrim in the county, with no links to those outside}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ARNGRIM <OF WOMERTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 Arngrim, whose manor at Womerton in Shropshire was acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14316651 Robert son of Corbet}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SHR 4,5,3}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , is likely to be the Arngrim at Upton and Laysters in Herefordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 11,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907 . All three manors were shared with an Arnketil, and the two in Herefordshire}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 manors the fief of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14316651 Roger of Mussegros}{\insrsid12807907 , his predecessor being the only Arngrims in the county. As the name is rare, Arngrim of
 Womerton may also be the Arngrim at Penwardine, the one }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3347000 other Arngrim in Shropshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 6,26}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3347000 , }{
\insrsid12807907 Penwardine lying }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3347000 between Womerton and the Herefordshire manors.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ARNGRIM [* THE MONK *]. Arngrim, who held land among the king's thanes of Yorkshire in 1066 and 1086 in the adjacent vills of Kirby Underdale and Painsthorpe}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 29E17-18}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, is identified as }{\insrsid12807907 a}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  monk of St Mary's York in documents contemporary with the Domesday Survey: Liebermann, 'Early English document', pp. 414}{\insrsid12807907 -}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
16; Pelteret, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Catalogue}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 122; Williams, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4204244 English and the Norman Conquest}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, pp. 160-61. As the name is rare, he may be the one other Arngrim in the county, at Huntingdon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 1N101}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , on the outskirts of York. His manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 4657) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 253, under the form }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Hernegrin}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par ARNI. Arni is a rare name which occurs nine times in Cheshire and once in Staffordshire, the sole surviving Arni. It is possible that }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6381601 Earne}{\insrsid12807907  in Yorkshire is the same name: von Feilitzen, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid394746 Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 163.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6381601 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par ARNI <OF HIMLEY>. Arni, who held Himley is Staffordshire from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6381601 William son of Ansculf}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 12,12}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is the only Arni in the county and the one surviving Arni in Domesday Book. It is possible, though perhaps unlikely, that he is the same man as the pre-Conquest lord of several manors in Cheshire, some sixty miles to the north-west.}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid6381601 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par ARNI <OF NESTON>. As the name is rare, all Arnis in Cheshire are probably one man. Seven of his nine manors were acquired by William son of Nigel and cluster in or around the Wirral peninsular}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6381601 9,1-3;6-8. FD4,1}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , as does an eighth, at }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6381601 Bagillt}{\insrsid12807907 , acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6381601 Robert of Rhuddlan}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS FD}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6381601 2,5}}}{
\insrsid12807907 ; the ninth, a waste manor in the lost vill of }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6381601 Opetone}{\insrsid12807907 , was retained by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6381601 Earl Hugh}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 1,18}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. It is possible, but perhaps unlikely, that he is the one surviving Arni, in Staffordshi
re. Had he survived, it seems likely he would have remained a landowner in Cheshire, where many Englishman held land in 1086: Sawyer and Thacker, 'Domesday survey of Cheshire', p.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  32}{\insrsid12807907 
. It is even less likely he is the Yorkshire }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11882777 Earne}{\insrsid12807907 , possibly the same name, whose manor liesa hundred miles or so to the north.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6381601 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par ARNI <OF NEWSOME>. }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6381601 Earne}{\insrsid12807907 , whose manor of Newsome Farm in Yorkshire was acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6381601 Erneis of Buron}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6381601 YKS 24,18}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , is probably - though not certainly - one of the handful of Arnis in Domesday: von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid394746 Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907 
, p. 163. It is unlikely he is related to any of his namesakes, more than a hundred miles away and without tenurial or other links. He may, however, be the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6381601 Eadne}{\insrsid12807907 
 at Newsham, a waste manor retained by the king}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6381601 1N61}}}{\insrsid12807907 , roughly fifty miles away. }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6381601 Eadne}{\insrsid12807907 
 is an unknown name, perhaps a scribal error for }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6381601 Earne}{\insrsid12807907 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid394746 Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 233.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6381601 

\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8261033 ARNKETIL. Arnketil is a common name with a skewed distribution. Of almost 120 }{\insrsid12807907 occurrences}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8261033 , more}{\insrsid12807907  than four-fifths 
are in Lincolnshire and Yorkshire, the other seventeen being distributed among eight counties and the lands of the king and ten of his tenants-in-chief, all pre-Conquest landowners, the few survivors occurring in Lincolnshire and Yorkshire.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ARNKETIL <OF BADDESLEY>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare in central England, the two Arnketils in Warwickshire, whose manors at Baginton and Baddesley were acquired by Thorkil of Warwick, may be the same man, }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 though the}{\insrsid12807907  manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  are some distance apart}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 17,16;51}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{
\insrsid12807907 He has no links with his namesakes}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ARNKETIL <OF WELHAM>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare in central England, the Arnketils whose manors of Lubenham, Welham and Keythorpe}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in Leicestershire }{\insrsid12807907 
were acquired by the archbishop of York are very probably one man}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 2,3-6}}}{\insrsid12807907 . The vills a
re close to each other, and no other Arnketils held land in the county. The manors appear to have been added to the endowment of the archbishopric, strengthening the impression they were acquired from one individual. He has no links with other Arnketils.

\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ARNKETIL [* SON OF ULF *]. Arnketil, whose manor at 'Haggenby' in Yorkshire was acquired by William of Percy, is }{\insrsid12807907 named}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  the son of Ulf in the Yorkshire Claims}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
YKS 13W16. CW25}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . He may be the }{\insrsid12807907 same }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Arnketil who preceded Percy at Stutton, Leathley and Rainton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 13W2;26. 13N18}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. Leathley, like 'Haggenby', was subinfeudated to Everard of Leathley (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ), and Stutton, like 'Haggenby', was one of the vills w
here William Malet, Percy's predecessor on several manors, held land. Arnketil}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 may also be Percy's tenant on the waste manor of Studley Ro}{\insrsid12807907 ger}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 13W22}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . If so, then he is probably the Arnketil who survived for twenty years on four manors in 'Burghshire' wapentake, 
where Studley lay, all situated, like those acquired by William Percy, in the area of William Malet's 'lost fee'}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 29W34-35;37-38}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 : Newman, '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8214004 Yorkshire Domesday }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8214004 Clamores}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ', pp. 265-67. The one other survivor of this name, }{\insrsid12807907 at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Marton in Cleveland (29N6-7), might be the same ma
n; but the name is common in Yorkshire, and Marton forty }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  or more from the Percy manors. The Yorkshire Arnketils are unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907 
 (nos. 337695, 38328, 38330, 38332-33, 38389)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ARNOLD. The name Arnold is not particularly common, occurring in a third of Domesday counties, on the lands of a dozen tenants-in-chief. Where the name occurs more than once in a c
ounty - as in Essex, Leicestershire and Sussex - all occurrences are on the fief of a single tenant-in-chief (Suffolk has two).}{\insrsid12807907  One Arnold held land before the Conquest}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 5,203}}}{\insrsid12807907 .}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par ARN}{\insrsid12807907 OLD}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  [* OF BULLY *]. }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid793842 Ernulfus}{\insrsid12807907 , who held the manor of Leake in Nottinghamshire from Roger of Bully}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11274874 
NTT 9,89}}}{\insrsid12807907 , may be a scribal error for }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid793842 Ernoldus}{\insrsid12807907 , probably Roger's brother, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10315732 Arnold of Bully, who witnessed hi
s foundation charter for Blyth priory: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10315732 Cartulary of Blyth}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10315732 , i. pp. xv-xvi, xix, xxiv, 207, 209}{\insrsid12807907 . His manor is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{
\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 3716)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  192.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ARNOLD <OF SILEBY>. The six Arnolds in Leicestershire, all tenants of Hugh of Grandmesnil, are probably one man}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 13,43;45-46;64;66-67}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. Hugh's wife, Adeliza, also had a tenant at Houghton in Bedfordshire - the only Arnold in the county - who }{\insrsid12807907 is likely to}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  be }{\insrsid12807907 the same Arnold}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 54,2}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 Houghton was a substantial manor, as were Sileby and Alton in Leicestershire. Arnold's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 3468) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 191.
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ARNOLD <OF WALTON>. Arnold, who held Walton in Staffordshire from Robert of Stafford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 11,8}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{
\insrsid12807907 is probably}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 also }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 his tenant at Morton in Worcestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WOR 17,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 ;}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Robert had no other tenants of this name, and there were no }{\insrsid12807907 more}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 in either county. Arnold's descendants at Walton can be reconstructed for the next three generations from two Staffordshire charters: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Staffordshire chartulary}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 199-204. His manor
s are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 3469) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 191.
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1969349 ARNULF. If Arnulf of Hesdin, Arnulf of Ardres, and Arnulf the}{\insrsid12807907  wild are excluded, Arnulf is a}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1969349  rare }{\insrsid12807907 name which }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
occur}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1969349 eight times, distributed among five counties and the lands of as many tenants-in-chief, perhaps borne by that number of individuals.}{\insrsid12807907 
 The name may be confused with Ernwulf.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ARNULF [* OF ARDRES *]. The Arnulf}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  who held Duxford in Cambridgeshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 CAM 15,2}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and Stevington in Bedfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 15,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  from Count Eustace of Boulogne }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 identified as Arnulf of Ardres, }{\insrsid12807907 named as }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 his tenant on several other manors in those counties, by their descent to his heirs, the Counts of Guisnes: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Book of Fees}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{\insrsid12807907 pp}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . 236, 240; Round, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Feudal England}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 462-64. Count Eustace had no t
enants of this name elsewhere, and there were no other unidentified Arnulfs in the two counties. Arnulf's manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 412) and referenced in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 192.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ARNULF <OF BURGH>. Arnulf}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  who held sixteen acres worth seven shillings at Burgh in Suffolk from Roger of Poitou}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 8,10}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, has no links with other Arnulfs. Dr Keats-Rohan suggests his name may be a scribal error for Arnold, and that he is the Arnold of the previous entry, and perhaps the father of Roger son of Arnold (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 q.v.}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ), with another manor at Strettington in Sussex}{\insrsid12807907 . A scribal error is plausible - if unverifiable -}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  since the scribe almost 
certainly committed the same error in an earlier entry, in recording Roger son of Arnold as the son of Arnulf; the correct form is Arnold, as evidenced by the descent of his manors: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Eye priory cartulary}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , ii. 77-78. However, as Burgh is not one of those man
ors and the holding tiny, a scribal error is an unnecessary hypothesis. If Arnulf held land elsewhere, it may be at Freston (below). Burgh, and the manors attributed to Arnold, are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 944) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 158.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ARNULF <OF CHEARSLEY>. }{\insrsid12807907 As his name is rare}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and }{\insrsid12807907 his manor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  substantial, it is }{\insrsid12807907 possible}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  that the Arnulf who held Chearsley in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 14,12}}}{\insrsid12807907  from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11274874 Walter Giffard}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 is Arnulf of Hesdin}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held }{\insrsid12807907 other tenancies in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 4,34;37}}}{\insrsid12807907  and}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 in the neighbouring counties of Oxfordshire, Bedfordshire and Middlesex. }{\insrsid12807907 Chearsley was not held by Arnulf's heirs at a later date, but ne
ither were his other }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5131841 tenancies: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5131841 VCH Buckinghamshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5131841 , iii. 484; iv. 19, 147. }{\insrsid12807907 As}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  there are no }{
\insrsid12807907 links }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 to }{\insrsid12807907 confirm an identification, however, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5131841 Chearsley is here attributed to another}{\insrsid12807907  Arnulf; its tenant is unidentified in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 1268).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ARNULF <OF FRESTON>. Arnulf, who had a ploughteam at Freston in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 27,12}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , has no links with other Arnulfs. As the name is rare, he might 
be the Arnulf at Burgh in the same part of south-east Suffolk, the two holdings lying on either side of the river Stour below Ipswich. Arnulf is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 13524).
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ARNULF <OF HATFIELD>. Arnulf, who shared part of the manor of Hatfield Peverel in Essex with two other subtenants of Ranulf Peverel}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 34,4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, is the only Arnulf in the county; he has no links with other Arnulfs, none of them nearby. He is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 5216).
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ARNULF [* OF HESDIN *]. The Arnulf}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held Greenford in Middlesex from Geoffrey de Mandeville}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab MDX 9,4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 and Caverswall in Staffordshire from Robert of Stafford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 11,36}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  may be Arnulf of Hesdin. In Staffordshire, Arnulf of Hesdin }{\insrsid12807907 w}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
as Robert's tenant in the adjacent vill of Weston}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 11,34}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , and a fee in both vills was }{\insrsid12807907 later }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 held by Arnulf's heirs, the Fitz Alans: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 p. 974; }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15150746 Sanders, }{\i\insrsid12807907 English baronies}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
, p. 124. The identity of the tenant at Greenford is less }{\insrsid12807907 certain, its descent unclear}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ; but since the name is uncommon, and Arnulf of Hesdin held the nearby manors of Ruislip and Kingsbury in chief}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
MDX 10,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\insrsid12807907 he}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  may well be }{\insrsid12807907 Geoffrey's tenant: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VCH Middlesex}{\insrsid12807907 , iii. 209-11}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Arnulf's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 634)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{
\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907 
 192-93, apart from Greenford, assigned to another Arnulf in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid468059 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 5760) but to Arnulf of Hesdin in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ARNULF <OF WILNECOTE>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, t}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 he }{\insrsid12807907 tenants of the Count of Meulan, who shared}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 Wilnecote and Seckington }{\insrsid12807907 in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Warwickshire with a ten}{\insrsid12807907 ant with the rare name of Ingen}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ulf}{\insrsid12807907  are probably the same Arnulf}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
WAR 16,24-25}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; he has no links with other Arnulfs. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 4758)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 p. 158.}{
\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ARNULF [* THE WILD *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Arnulfs who held land or men in five vills in Suffolk from the abbey of Bury St Edmunds}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 14,26-27;35;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1969349 62;115}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , and another at Bradenham recorded in the Feudal Book of Abbot Baldwin}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 14,52}}}{\insrsid12807907 , are almost certainly one man, who may be Arnulf the wild (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1969349 silvaticus}{
\insrsid12807907 ), witness to a charter of the 1090s concerning the abbey: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1969349 Feudal documents}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. lxxxxiv, 20, 152-53. In the Feudal Book all Arnulf's manors apart from Welnetham}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUF 14,62}}}{\insrsid12807907  - which is omitted from the Book - are attributed to the same Arnulf: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1969349 Feudal documents}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 20. He has no links with t}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
he other two Arnulfs in East Anglia, }{\insrsid12807907 and the abbey has no tenants of this name elsewhere. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907 
 (no. 897)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 193, apart from Bradwell, assigned to the abbey's demesne, and Brettenham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 14,115}}}{\insrsid12807907 , whose tenant is unidentified (no. 12918).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8261033 ASCELIN. The name Ascelin occurs almost }{\insrsid12807907 fifty}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8261033  times, distributed among fifteen counties and the}{\insrsid12807907 
 lands of the king and nineteen of his tenants-in-chief, with one cluster in Somerset; all but two Ascelins are post-Conquest landowners.}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ASCELIN <OF COLTON>. The Ascelins who held Colton and four other manors in Staffordshire from Earl Roger of Shrewsbury are }{\insrsid12807907 very }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 probably one man}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
STS 8,14-18}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 : the manors are consecutive, the fief organised by tenants; and there are no other Ascelins in the county. He may also be the Ascelin who held a subtenancy in Shropshire from Roger of Lacy}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SHR 7,4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , the only Ascelin in that county; the earl and Roger shared several other tenants. Most of Ascelin's manors descended to the Mavesyn family: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Book of Fees}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 542, 544, 969, 974. They are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 2790) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 159.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ASCELIN [* OF EGGINTON *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Ascelins who held Etwall and Egginton}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 in Derbyshire from }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid9705115 Geoffrey Alselin}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907  are very probably Ascelin of Egginton, who made a grant of half a carucate in Egginton to the Ferrers' foundation of Tutbury priory, with Geoffrey's permission}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 DBY 9,2;4}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 : }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Cartulary of }{\i\insrsid12807907 Tutbury priory}{\insrsid12807907 , p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9705115 . 6}{\insrsid12807907 5}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 . He is the only Ascelin
 in the county, and the vills are less than three miles apart; Geoffrey had no tenants of this name elsewhere, and Henry of Ferrers had none of his own. Ascelin's }{\insrsid12807907 manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 
recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 3867)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  159.}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ASCELIN [* OF WATERVILLE *]. The tenant of Peterborough abbey at Achurch and Titchmarsh in Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 NTH 6a,22-2}{
\insrsid12807907 3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is }{\insrsid12807907 named}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Ascelin }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 de Waterville}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  in the Northamptonshire Survey, and Ascelin }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 de Walterville}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  in the abbey's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4995922  list of its men-at-arms:}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 99; King, 'Peterborough "Descriptio militum'', p. 98. He is the only Ascelin in the county, and the abbey had no tenant}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  of this name elsewhere. The byname }{
\insrsid12807907 probably}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  derive}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 from the common personal name, Walter. Lewis Loyd suggested its origin for an Aincourt tenant to be Vatierville in Upper Normandy (Seine-Maritime: arrondissement Dieppe)}{\insrsid12807907 , itself named from an unknown Walter}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ; but the evidence is late and }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4995922 Vatierville}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 is }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 not necessarily applicable to this Ascelin: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1391730 Some Anglo-Norman families}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 111. }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Ascelin's }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 3697) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 159.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid808308 ASGOT. Asgot is a fairl}{\insrsid12807907 y common name which occurs approximately fifty times, distributed among twenty counties between Devon and Nottinghamshire and 
the lands of the king and more than two dozen of his tenants-in-chief, with small clusters in Gloucestershire and Suffolk. By convention, the translation renders the form }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid808308 Ansgotus}{\insrsid12807907 
 as Asgot for pre-Conquest landowners, Ansgot for post-Conquest. See von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid394746 Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 165-66.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ASGOT [* OF HAILES *]. The fiefs of William Leofric (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ) in Berkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 28,1-3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, Gloucestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 38,1-5}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 59,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  were acquired from an Asgot, who may also have held William's unnamed manor in Oxfordshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
OXF 46,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , where no pre-Conquest lord is recorded. William Leofric's one other manor, a hide at Coleshill in Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 49,1a}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, was held before the Conquest by three thanes, perhaps Asgot and his relatives, Brictric of Newton (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ) and Edmund of Childrey (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 q.v.}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ). They may also be the three free men who held the royal manor of Sparsholt in Berkshire before the Conquest}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 1,10}}}{\insrsid12807907 , where}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Brictric had other manors in th}{\insrsid12807907 e}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  vill}{\insrsid12807907 .}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 Apart from these shared manors, therefore, Asgot provided William's entire Honour, which identifies him beyond any reasonable doubt.
\par \tab Asgot may also be the man of Earl Harold at Taplow in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 4,15}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and Kempsford in Gloucestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 60,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, where Brictric was also the earl's man. An association with Harold would explain Asgot's manor in Essex, on the other side of the country, since the county was part of Harold's earldom: }{\insrsid12807907 
Williams, 'Introduction to the Gloucestershire Domesday',}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  p. 25. Both manors }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 of comparable status to those of William Leofric, and no other Asgot held land in those five counties before the Conquest, apart from Asgot (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Osgot}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
) with two houses and an acre in Colchester}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS B3a}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , possibly the same man though he appears to be a survivor. Asgot is probably Asgot of Hailes, who witnessed a Worcestershire charter in the 1050s}{
\insrsid12807907  and whose}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  principal manor was at Hailes: Sawyer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Anglo-Saxon charters}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , no. 1408; Kemble, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Codex}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , iv. 139. }{\insrsid12807907 Dr}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Williams suggests that Asgot was the father of William Leofric (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 )}{
\insrsid12807907 ; but}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  William is named the son of Richard in Berkshire}{\insrsid12807907 
, and it is certain that William Leofric and William son of Richard are the same man: Round, 'Domesday survey of Berkshire', p. 320.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  A list of Asgot's manors is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
English nobility, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 pp. 249-51, which does not include a share in Sparsholt. }{\insrsid12807907 Dr Clarke }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ranks }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5834566 
Asgot, Brictric and Edmund collectively as fifteenth in wealth among untitled laymen; the additional manors attributed to the three of them would place the family comfortably within the top ten.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1789860 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid808308 .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ASGOT <OF RATCLIFFE>. The Asgots who held Normanton and Ratcliffe}{\insrsid12807907 -on-Soa}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 r and their dependencies among the king's thanes in Nottinghamshire in 1066}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NTT 30,14-15;20-21}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  are probably one man. He is the only Asgot in Nottinghamshire and his manors are }{\insrsid12807907 four}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 apart. He may also be the Asgot on the royal manor of Shepshed in Leicestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 1,10}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , just across the county border, the only Asgot in that county}{\insrsid12807907 
; there are none}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  in the adjacent counties of Derbyshire, Staffordshire, Warwickshire or Yorkshire. Asgot had been a prosperous thane}{\insrsid12807907  since}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 Ratcliffe was fairly valuable and Shepshed, with a large population, had probably been substantial, though found wasted.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par ................................................................................................................................................................
\par ASGOT <OF WELCOMBE>. The }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Ansgot}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 s who held Meddon, Varleys and Sedborough among the king's thanes in Devon in 1086 are probably one man}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 52,31-33}}}{\insrsid12807907  since}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  the names Asgot or Ansgot are rare in the south-western counties of circuit two, occurring only twice outside Devon. }{\insrsid12807907 Ansgot}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  retained Meddon for twenty years, so may be 
the Asgot (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Osgot) }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 who preceded the bishop of Coutances at Welcombe}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 3,90}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , three }{
\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  from Meddon, and perhaps the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Osgot}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  at Oak}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 16,24}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , ten }{
\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  from Varleys. The one other Asgot (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Osgot}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ) in Devon, at Spriddlescombe}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 15,77}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, is possibly the same man; but his manor is modest and on the other side of the county. The }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Osgot}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  at Shalbourne in Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 67,82}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 is also a king's thane, so could be the Devon tenant; but there are no specific links to confirm this. Asgot's tenancies in Devon are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 8854) and referenced in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 158; the tenant at Shalbourne is unidentified (no. 16565).
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ASKI. }{\insrsid12807907 Aski is a rare name which oc
curs once in each of four counties, on the lands of four tenants-in-chief, probably borne by that number of individuals, one a survivor. Aski 'may alternatively stand for' Eskil, though the two names are }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4859419 
distinguished in one entry}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 65,13}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4859419 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4859419 Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4859419 , p. 168.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ASKI <OF EDGBASTON>. Aski (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Aschi}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ), who shared a manor worth \'a31 at Edgbaston in Warwickshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 27,4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 acquired by William son of Ansculf, has no links with other Askis or the one Eskil in the county.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par ................................................................................................................................................................
\par ASKI <OF SUDTELCH>. Aski (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Asci}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ), who held a manor worth five shillings at }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Sudtelch}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 in Shropshire acquired by William Pandolf}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,14,27}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , has no links with his namesakes. An Eskil (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Oschetel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Oschil}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ) had three manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,23,12-14}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  which were in the same area as Aski's lost vill; but the name forms are so }{
\insrsid12807907 distinct}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , they are here treated as a separate individuals.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par ................................................................................................................................................................
\par ASKI <OF THORNTON>. Aski (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Ascha}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ), who had a half-hide worth eight shillings at Thornton in Lancashire acquired by Roger of Poitou}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS R1,11}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, has no links with his remote namesakes. No Eskils are recorded in the county.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \cbpat8 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid7347868 ASKI THE PRIEST. Aski}{\insrsid12807907  (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7347868 Ascius}{\insrsid12807907 
) the priest, who survived the Conquest at Moulton in Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 
{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 65,13}}}{\insrsid12807907 , has no links with distant namesakes. The one Eskil in the county was his man. An Eskil the priest held land in Suffolk, but the name-form is distinctive (}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7347868 Osketellus}{\insrsid12807907 ) and his status higher, having 'all the other lands' acquired by Ralph the constable}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 4,14}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Moulton is attributed to Goti, a free man on the manor, who is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid862283 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 11136).}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7347868 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid12391895 ASLAK. Aslac is an uncommon name, rare in the sense that it was probably borne by f
ew men, perhaps only two, both pre-Conquest landowners}{\insrsid12807907 ; the name}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12391895  occurs thirteen times, distributed among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2582754  }{\insrsid12807907 four }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2582754 
counties and the}{\insrsid12807907  lands of ten tenants-in-chief. It has left its mark on the place-names of three of those four Domesday counties and no others), at Aslackby, Aslackton and Aslocton.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ASLAK }{\insrsid12807907 [* BROTHER OF AGHMUND *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 All Aslaks outside East Anglia may be one man, a brother of the Lincolnshire magnate Aghmund son of Walraven (}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14118282 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ). Aghmund is recorded as having four brother}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 28,11}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, two unnamed, one of whom is probably Aslak, most of whose manors have associations with Aghmund or his family. His manors of Willingham, Ingham and Coates in Lincolnshire were acquired by Jocelyn son of Lambert}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 28,5-9}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, half of whose Honour was supplied by Walraven's descendants. Kelby, acquired by the bishop of Durham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 3,35}}}{\insrsid12807907  who obtained Pickworth from Aghmund, is two miles from Aslak's manor of Aisby, 
held by Kolsveinn of Lincoln in 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 26,47}}}{\insrsid12807907 . The overlord at Thurlby}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 8,39}}}{\insrsid12807907  can scarcely be other than Aghmund's brother, while 'Ringstone', acquired by }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14118282 Robert of Tosny}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 18,15-16}}}{\insrsid12807907 , lies midway in a straight line between Thurlby and Aisby, ten or eleven miles from either. Robert held the manor of Aslackby in 1086}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14118282 LIN 18,19}{\insrsid12807907 ;22}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, a place-name perhaps derived from the Domesday lord or another of his family, as perhaps is the wapentake name 'Aslacoe', in which two of Aslaks manors, several of those of Aghmund, and the bulk of the Honour of Jocely
n son of Lambert lay. Ashby cum Fenby and it dependencies, acquired by Guy of Craon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 57,1-4}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is within four miles of Beelsby, held by Aghmund in 1066 and by his son Godric twenty years later. Finally, the one other Aslak in Great Domesday held Normanton-on-Trent in Nottinghamshire, acquired by Roger of Bully}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 9,69}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 who probably obtained Aghmund's only manors in Yorkshire.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14118282 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ASLAK }{\insrsid12807907 <OF "RODENHALA">}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 All Aslaks in East Anglia may be one man, whose manor of }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12391895 Rodenhala}{\insrsid12807907 
 in Suffolk was acquired by Hugh de Montfort}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12391895 SUF 31,28}}}{\insrsid12807907 . The four overlords in south-east Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12391895 12,16;19-20. 66,81}}}
{\insrsid12807907 , some twenty miles away, are presumably the same man, no other Aslak having demesne in East Anglia. All four holdings were in the hands of Godric the steward in 1086.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12391895 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ASM}{\insrsid12807907 OTH [* MOTHER OF BRICTMER *]. Asmoth, who held thirty acres at }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14315460 Wrabretuna}{\insrsid12807907  in Suffolk acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14315460 
Robert Malet}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 6,91}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is almost certainly the mother of Brictmer named at Middleton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 4,15}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Although held by Earl Hugh of Chester in 1086, the tenant was Roger Bigot, who claimed }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14315460 Wrabretuna}{\insrsid12807907 , while the patronage at Middleton had been shared by a predecessor of Robert Malet. These are the only occurrences of Asmoth in Domesday Book or in English sources: von Feilitzen, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14315460 Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 168.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14315460 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 AUBREY [* DE VERE *]. Aubrey, who held two manors in Wadenhoe in Northamptonshire from the bishop of Coutances}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 4,3-4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , is }{
\insrsid12807907 almost certainly }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Aubrey de Vere, }{\insrsid12807907 who had been }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 succeeded by his son in the Northamptonshire Survey: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
VCH Northamptonshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , i. 366. His manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 181) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 131-32.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par ................................................................................................................................................................
\par AUBREY [* DE VERE *]'S WIFE. The wife of Aubrey, who held 'Napsted' and Aldham in Essex from the bishop of Bayeux}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 18,21;24}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , is probably the wife of Aubrey de Vere, }{\insrsid12807907 since de Vere is }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 the only Aubrey in the county. She was guilty of an annexation in Maplestead and Pebmarsh, where her husband in named in full.}{\insrsid12807907  Her name -}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Beatrice}{\insrsid12807907  -}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and her manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 754) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, p. 440.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 AUGUSTINE <OF STRETTINGTON>. The two }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Augustines and three }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 or four }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Austins who occur in Domesday Book may be one man}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907 ,}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  all five }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 or six being}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  associated with Earl Roger of Shrewsbury. Augustine at Strettington in Sussex is the earl's tenant}{
\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 
\tab SUS 11,108}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , and the Austins at Cardington, Meadowley and Broome in Shropshire his predecessor}{\insrsid12807907 s,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  or predecessors of his tenants}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 SHR 4,3,44}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 4,21,12. 4,28,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . One of these, Helgot of Holdgate (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 q.v.}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ), also acquired the manor of the }{\insrsid12807907 one }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 other Augustine, at Barlaston in Staffordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 11,24}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. Oddly, 'another' Austin shared the manor of Cardington}{\insrsid12807907 . He is possibly}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  a family member; }{\insrsid12807907 but }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 in view of the highly skewed distribution of the name, 
}{\insrsid12807907 another explanation seems more likely: that}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  the scribe has recorded 'another' Austin because he is accounting for two manors}{\insrsid12807907 
 rather than because he was aware of two individuals with that name}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 In circuit six, the same name appears more than once on several manors, and alway
s makes up the number of manors, most strikingly in the case of Buggi, another rare name}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 14,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 . }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Augustine's tenancy is recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 1197) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 159.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid12807907 
.............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid14882085 
AUTI. Auti is a fairly common name which occurs almost three dozen times times, distributed}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  among }{\insrsid12807907 thirteen}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  counties and the lands of the king and }{\insrsid12807907 
twenty}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  of his tenants-in-chief}{\insrsid12807907 , with one large cluster in Lincolnshire but otherwise fairly thinly spread between Sussex and Derbyshire; there are five survivors.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 

\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 AUTI <OF LULLINGTON>. Auti, who had a respectable manor at Lullington in Derbyshire in 1066}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 17,11}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, has no links with his namesakes, though he is possibly the Auti at Quatt}{\insrsid12807907  in Warwickshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 AUTI <OF QUATT>. }{\insrsid12807907 The tenants of Earl Roger of Shrewsbury at Quatt in Warwickshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 12,8}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and 'Lydley Hayes' and Leebotwood in Shropshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,27,12-13}}}{\insrsid12807907  are almost certainly the same Auti, he be
ing the only Auti in Domesday Book to retain his manors for two decades. It is probable that he is the subtenant of the earl at Womerton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,5,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, adjacent to 'Lydley Hayes' and Leebotwood, and also the tenant of Roger of Lacy at Stanton Lacy}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 7,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 , these being two of 
only three other surviving Autis in the country. As he preceded the earl elsewhere, it is likely he is his predecessor Norbury in Staffordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 8,10}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. There are no other Autis on the Honour of Shrewsbury, and none in the three counties; the one other survivor, who held a single ox }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 in Lincolnshire}{\insrsid12807907 , is unlikely to be the earl's tenant. }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 All five }{\insrsid12807907 survivors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  are unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (nos. 28249, 31092-93, 31187, 34890)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .
}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 [* AVENEL *] EARL WILLIAM'S COOK. Earl William's cook, who held }{\insrsid12807907 half a }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 hide }{\insrsid12807907 at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Netheridge near Gloucester}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
GLS 1,6}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , is }{\insrsid12807907 named}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Avenel in a twelfth-century charter of the earldom of Hereford: Walker, 'Charters of the earldom of Hereford', p. 54. He is unidentified in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 29271).
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par AVELIN }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 [* }{\insrsid12807907 OF DINTON}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  *]}{\insrsid12807907 . All Avelins in Domesday Bo
ok are almost certainly one man. His three demesne manors and the two held by his men all lie in the adjacent Hundreds of Stone and Ixhill in Buckinghamshire, all five being acquired by Bishop Odo of Bayeux}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1659168 
4,2-4;21;23}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Despite the limited area in which he held sway, Avelin was a substantial landowner, described as a royal thane on his demesne manors, one of which - Dinton - was one of the most valuable in the county.}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid1659168 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1789860 AZO. Azo is an uncommon }{\insrsid12807907 name which}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1789860  occurs }{\insrsid12807907 a dozen}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1789860  times}{\insrsid12807907 , distributed among}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid1789860  seven counties}{\insrsid12807907  and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 the lands of }{\insrsid12807907 as many }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 tenants-in-chief}{\insrsid12807907 , with one cluster in Shropshire.

\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 AZO [* BIGOT *]. Azo}{\insrsid12807907 , subtenant}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  of Earl Roger of Shrewsbury in Shropshire and his tenant in Sussex}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{
\insrsid12807907 is very}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  probably Azo Bigot, identified by the grant of land in his manors of Abdon and Longnor to Earl Roger's foundation of Shrewsbury abbey: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Cartulary of Shrewsbury abbey}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , i. 33, 41, 43. }{\insrsid12807907 His}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 five Shropshire manors were held from the earl's sheriff, Reginald of Balliol. Of these, Abdon, Berrington, Glazeley, and Longnor}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,3,7;14-15;64}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 descended to the Le Strange family; and although Shefford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,3,47}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 was in the hands of another family when first documented in the thirteenth century, the tenurial links and the limited distribution of the name Azo make it}{\insrsid12807907  highly}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  likely}{\insrsid12807907  that}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Azo Bigot held this also: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 973; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Feudal Aids}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , iv. 218, 223. }{
\insrsid12807907 Similar}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  considerations suggest that he }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  the Azo who held Marden and Offham in Sussex from Earl Roger}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 11,34;92}}}{\insrsid12807907 , though}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  they were in the hands of the Falaise family within a generation, possibly a new enfeoffment by Henry I: Farrer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Honors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , iii. 41-46. }{\insrsid12807907 
There are no other Azos in Sussex or Shropshire or on the Honour of the earl of Shrewsbury. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Azo's manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 (no. 8237) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 159-60.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 AZUR [* FATHER OF SWEIN *]. The bulk of the Honour of Gunfrid of Chocques was acquired from a Swein or an Azur, probably the father and s
on whose relationship is indicated by Swein son of Azur's possession of twenty-one houses in Northampton, the greater part of Gunfrid's Honour l}{\insrsid12807907 ying in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Northampton}{\insrsid12807907 shire}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Swein contributed the larger share; but Azur held Boughton and Newton in }{\insrsid12807907 the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 48,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  a
nd Casewick in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 52,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Father and son may be the two thanes from whom Gunfrid acquired Flore, and among the four thanes at Wollaston\'b8 in the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 48,4;14}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
; they may even be the two Freemen who preceded Gunfrid on his Bedfordshire fief, a single manor he is likely to have acquired by antecession}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 37,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{
\insrsid12807907  Dr Williams suggests the father may be the Azur who preceded Swein at Ailwood in Dorset and also the unnamed father succeeded by Swein on three other manors in that county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 56,28-29;48;53;58}}}{\insrsid12807907 
: 'Domesday survey of Dorset', p. 52. The
 relationships are suggestive but the identifiable manors of that Swein and Azur are all in the Midlands and all acquired by Gunfrid of Chocques, while there are grounds for suspecting that the Dorset father and son are Swein of Essex (}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8530094 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ) and his father, Robert son of Wiuhomarch (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8530094 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ).}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 AZUR <OF SLINDON>. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Azur of Slindon was one of the wealthiest thanes in southern England, his large estate centred in Sussex but spread as far afield as Gloucestershire. The bulk }{
\insrsid12807907 of his manors were}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  held directly from King Edward, though his lord}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  on several others }{\insrsid12807907 were}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 Earls Godwin and Harold. The division of Sussex into Rapes which cut across Anglo-Saxon tenurial arrangements make it impossible to be certain that every one of }{\insrsid12807907 almost three dozen}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Sussex holdings}{
\insrsid12807907  - too numerous to list -}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  belonged to the same Azur; but the fact that he held from both the King and the earls in the three Rapes where most of his manors lay}{\insrsid12807907 ;}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  that he had large manors in all of them, }{\insrsid12807907 and that the Sussex Azurs are disproportionately numerous, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 indicate the majority if not all of them were his.}{\insrsid12807907 

\par \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 The key to his identification in Gloucestersh}{\insrsid12807907 ire, Wiltshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and Surrey, and the link between these counties and his Sussex manors, is provided by }{
\insrsid12807907 a}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Gloucestershire entry }{\insrsid12807907 for Woodchester}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9927177 GLS 1,63}}}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
which reveals that Azur sold the manor to the Godwinsons and that it was held illegally in 1086 by Edward of Salisbury, on whom Azur's estates in Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WIL 24,22;34;42}}}{
\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and }{\insrsid12807907 two}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in Surrey}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SUR 27,1-2}}}{
\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  devolved. With one exception, the remaining }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in Surrey, all substantial, were acquired by Richard of Tonbridge}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SUR 19,6;15-16;36;44}}}{\insrsid12807907 ;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  they all lay between Edward of Salisbury's two manors}{\insrsid12807907 , this and their value}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{
\insrsid12807907 suggesting}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  they belonged to same }{\insrsid12807907 Azur}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . The remaining manor}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SUR 8,30}}}{
\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  valued at \'a36, }{\insrsid12807907 was}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  granted by Azur to Chertsey }{\insrsid12807907 abbey}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 for his soul's sake, the act of a wealthy man}{\insrsid12807907 , and so unlikely to be his only holding}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Finally, the three Hampshire }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 acquired by Hugh of Port}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
}{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HAM 23,28;45;48}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  were freehold properties of substance, as was the Berkshire manor of Eddington}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BRK 1,28}}}{
\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  retained by King William. }{\insrsid12807907 
\par \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 It may be coincidental but all the tenants-in-chief who shared Azur's }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  held official positions, as sheriffs or lords of liberties. }{\insrsid12807907 
This suggests the intriguing possibility that Azur may be King Edward's bursar named in a Berkshire entry}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9324640 BRK 41,6}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, who has been identified as 'probably' King Edward's steward named in a writ of 1062, and his minister named in a charter of 1059: Keynes, 'Regenbald the chancellor', pp. 206
-207. Both steward and bursar are offices held by the greatest English magnates under the Confessor, so the identification with Azur of Slindon is plausible, if unverifiable. If accepted, then Azur survived the Conquest to hold - like may of his peers - a
 
fragment of his once extensive estate, the Berkshire manor where he is named as bursar, held as a tenant of Robert d'Oilly, though the men of the Hundred testified that he should hold it from the king, who 'restored it to him at Windsor and gave him his w
rit for it'. Finally, i}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 t is }{\insrsid12807907 just }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 possible that Azur is the same man as Azur son of Thorth}{\insrsid12807907 , whose manors are intermingled with his in Wiltshire}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ; if so, he was among the dozen wealthiest lay magnates of Anglo-Saxon England. }{\insrsid12807907 Dr Williams}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 suggests}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{
\insrsid12807907 he }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 m}{\insrsid12807907 ay have been a relative of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Edward of Salisbury}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4204244 English and the Norman Conquest}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , pp. 105-106}{\insrsid12807907 . }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 A list of }{\insrsid12807907 his}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  manor}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  is given by Clarke, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11564255 English nobility}{\i\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 pp. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 255-57}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 , }{\insrsid12807907 which}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  
}{\insrsid12807907 does not include the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Berkshire}{\insrsid12807907  manors. Dr Clarke ranks him sixth in wealth among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 untitled laymen; the inclusion of the}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Berkshire}{\insrsid12807907  manors would not affect this, but if he were Azur son of Thorth, the combined resources would rank fourth.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
AZUR [* SON OF SVALA *]. Azur son of Svala, who had full jurisdiction and market rights in the counties of Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN T5}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 and Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT S5}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , was evidently an important magnate in the north-east, yet his manors appear to be few
 and not particularly valuable. If every manor held by Azur in the two counties were attributed to him, he would still fall a long way short of the \'a3
40 traditionally expected of a magnate of regional significance. Including the surrounding counties of Leic
estershire, Cheshire, Staffordshire, Derbyshire, Rutland and Yorkshire in the likely scope of his landholding, makes little difference. A solution to this puzzle was suggested by }{\insrsid12807907 Dr}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 Clarke, based upon an entry in the Lincolnshire Claims, which records that
 Robert Malet ought to have land in Ingoldsby 'through Azur, his predecessor'. Azur is not named in the relevant entry, which is a jurisdiction of Barrowby, the chief manor of Godwin of Barrowby (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 q.v.}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ). Since Malet acquired his entire fief in Lincolnshire from Godwin, and nothing from Azur, it would appear that Godwin had replaced - or been replaced by - Azur.}{\insrsid12807907 
 Dr Clarke suggests that Godwin was Azur's father, Svala his mother: von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12721020 Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 378.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907 \tab In Nottinghamshire, therefor
e, the Azur from whom Robert Malet acquired his modest fief}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 25,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 is presumably the son of Svala; but the remainder of Azur's estate is impossible to reconstruct, and apparently not particularly significant since there is only one valuable manor held by either 
an Azur or a Godwin in the county, and only one other worth more than \'a32. It appears that Azur may have survived until 1086, since the only such tenant in the northern counties held land at Burton-le-Coggles in Lincolnshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
LIN 14,95}}}{\insrsid12807907 , previously held by Godwin of Barrowby. Azur's meagre pre-Conquest holdings are listed together with those of Godwin by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6887947 English nobility}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 311-12; he is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 33680).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 AZUR [* SON OF THORTH *]. Azur son of Thorth}{\insrsid12807907  is identified by his patronym}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  on the royal manor of Biddlesden in Buckinghamshire, where he is described as a royal thane}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
BUK 1,7}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . The manor had previously been in the hands of Earl Aubrey of Coucy, who succeeded an Azur in Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 23,8-10}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ,}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Oxfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 18,1}}}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 and }{\insrsid12807907 at }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Halse }{\insrsid12807907 in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 21,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Despite the name-form, he is the Azur }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 filius Torodi}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  who held the valuable manor of Combe St Nicholas from the bishop of Wells according to }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Exon.}{\cs23\i\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 6,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , his identity }{
\insrsid12807907 there being }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 confirmed by a diploma recording his sale of the manor to the bishop in 1072: Pelteret, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Catalogue}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 83.}{
\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 These manors are remarkable for their }{\insrsid12807907 very }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 high average value, approximately \'a318. }{\insrsid12807907 Dr Clarke }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
suggests that Azur may also have held Minster Lovell in Oxfordshire, where no pre-Conquest lord is recorded}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 OXF }{\insrsid12807907 18,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ,}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Minster being the one other manor in the county held by Earl Aubrey, and valuable (\'a310). On similar grounds, he may have held some or all the Northamptonshire manors of
 Earl Aubrey}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 21,2-6}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  in addition to Halse, the only manor for which the pre-Conquest lord is named. This seems }{\insrsid12807907 likely}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, though it should be noted that all or part of Earl Aubrey's fiefs in Leicestershire and Warwickshire were held by Harding son of Alnoth (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ) before the Conquest.
\par \tab It is conceivable that }{\insrsid12807907 Thorth's son}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is the same man as Azur of Slindon}{\insrsid12807907  since}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 their manors in Wiltshire are intermingled and both had very substantial manors in that county. There are, however, no tenurial or other associations to confirm this. }{\insrsid12807907 A Thorth who gave land in Wiltshire to Wilton abbey 'with his }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12729088 two daughters}{\insrsid12807907 ' is possibly Azur's father}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12729088 WIL 13,21}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. There appear to no links to others of this name, though one held land in Northamptonshire before the Conquest}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 18,49}}}{\insrsid12807907 . }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 A list of Azur's manors is given by Clarke, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 English nobility, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 p. 253, which }{\insrsid12807907 does not include}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 Combe St Nicholas. Depending on which, if any, of Earl Aubrey's Oxfordshire or Northamptonshire manors for which no 1066 landowners are named are attributed to him, Azur would rank somewhere be
tween twentieth and thirtieth in wealth among the untitled laymen listed by }{\insrsid12807907 Dr }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Clarke.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 AZUR [* SON OF TOTI *}{\insrsid12807907 ]. Th
e lands of the royal thane Azur son of Toti}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 and his men were distributed among no fewer than nine tenants-in-chief; but he is named at least once in relation to six of them, which allows his other manors they acquired to be identified. He is named in full 
in Buckinghamshire as the predecessor of Robert d'Oilly, Roger of Ivry, Hascoit Musard, Martin, Bishop Odo of Bayeux and Walter Giffard, so is likely to be the overlord Azur whose men preceded Bishop Odo at Beachendon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 4,24}}}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 and Roger of Ivry at Beachampton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 41,5}}}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 in 
the same county, and the Azur whose demesne manors devolved upon Hascoit Musard in Warwickshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 39,1;4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and Robert d'Oilly in Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 28,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. He may also be the Azur whose man }{\insrsid12807907 on another holding }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 in Beachendon was acquired by Miles Crispin}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 23,13}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
; and he is probably the Azur from whom Walter son of Other obtained his fief, including two of his most valuable manors, in Middlesex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab MDX 11,1-4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 That Azur, like the predecessor of Hascoit Musard, was a royal Guard.}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Less certainly, he may be the Azur from whom the Count of Mortain acquired the lands of two men in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 12,25-26}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ,}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Azur being the only known overlord of his name in the county, or indeed }{\insrsid12807907 in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  circuit}{\insrsid12807907  three}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 
Dr William's total of 62 hides for his lands does not include the Middlesex manors but assigns to him the substantial manor of Marsh Baldon in Oxfordshire, acquired by Miles Crispin}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1008078 OXF 35,17}}}{
\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1008078 World before Domesday}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 19, 157-58 note 66}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907 
 This is possible, as there was a tenurial link with Crispin, albeit slight, tenants-in-chief often acquiring the lands of men - as Miles did at }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Beachendon }{\insrsid12807907 
- but not those of their lords; Marsh Baldon is five miles from Iffley, probably held by Azur}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7302790  son of Thorth}{\insrsid12807907 
, though that Azur had no tenurial links with any of those who acquired the lands of Azur son of Toti or his men. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 A list of }{\insrsid12807907 the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  manors}{\insrsid12807907  of Toti's son}
{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 English nobility, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 pp. 253-54, which does not include the men acquired by Robert of Mortain}{\insrsid12807907 
 or the manor of Marsh Baldon}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 Dr Clarke }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ranks him fifty-fifth in wealth among untitled laymen}{\insrsid12807907 ; the addition of Baldon would raise him five places.

\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BADA <OF NORTON>. The name Bada occurs }{
\insrsid12807907 only }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 twice}{\insrsid12807907  in Domesday Book}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\insrsid12807907 as a predecessor of Roger of Bully }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 at Norton and }{
\insrsid12807907 of Dolgfinn at }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Tapton in Derbyshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 16,6. 17,8}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . As the vills are just a few miles apart, it is }{\insrsid12807907 very likely}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 they were held by one man, though acquired by different tenants-in-chief}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BA}{\insrsid12807907 LDRIC}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907  Baldric is an uncommon forename which occurs fourteen}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  times}{\insrsid12807907 
, distributed among eight counties between Kent and Nottinghamshire and the lands of six tenants-in-chief, with o
ne cluster in Lincolnshire; four manors were held by a Baldric before 1066. The name is rare in the sense that it may have been borne by only four or five individuals.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BALDRIC <OF }{\insrsid12807907 HAUGHTON}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 The}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 Baldrics preceding Henry of Ferrers}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 in the neighbouring vills of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Foston and Hatton}{\insrsid12807907  in Derbyshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 6,26;49}}}{\insrsid12807907  and }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Roger of Poitou at Haughton and its dependency in Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 16,9-10}}}{\insrsid12807907  may be one man. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
Not too much weight can be placed on the tenurial links because Henry of Ferrers }{\insrsid12807907 could}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  have acquired }{\insrsid12807907 the manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 as part of his territorial block in }{\insrsid12807907 'Appletree' wapentake, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 rather than by antecession}{\insrsid12807907 : Fleming, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3277956 Kings and lords}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 151-52. As}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the name is all but unknown in Anglo-Saxon England, it is perhaps more likely }{\insrsid12807907 his predecessor and Roger's are the same man though the vills are forty-five miles apart.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BALDRIC [* OF LINDSEY *]. The Baldric}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held Hemingby, Bucknall, Horsington, Farforth, Oxcombe and Fulletby in Lincolnshire from Earl Hugh of Chester}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
LIN 13,22-23;31-32;39}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 probably}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Baldric of Lindsey}{\insrsid12807907 , who}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  grant}{\insrsid12807907 ed}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  tithes in Farforth and Oxcombe to the }{\insrsid12807907 abbey of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  St }{\insrsid12807907 Evroul. As}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the name is uncommon, he is }{\insrsid12807907 likely to be}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the }{\insrsid12807907 earl's tenant at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Cocle}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in Cheshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 15,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , where his wife Billeheld was a patron of St Werburgh's: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Charters of the Anglo-Norman }{\i\insrsid12807907 e}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 arls of Chester}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , pp. 5, 20-21, 41. He }{\insrsid12807907 may be}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the Norman tenant of St }{\insrsid12807907 Evroul}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
, Baldric of Bocquenc\'e9}{\insrsid12807907 , from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Bocquenc\'e9}{\insrsid12807907  in Lower Normandy}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 (Orne: arrondissement Argentan), a scion of the important family of the lords of Baudemont}{\insrsid12807907 : Orderic Vitalis,}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 i}{\insrsid12807907 i.}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  80-85; ii}{\insrsid12807907 i.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  238-39; Green, 'Lords of the Norman Vexin', pp. 50, 62. }{\insrsid12807907 Dr}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11352544 
Keats-Rohan}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  suggests that he is also the Baldric who held Doddington from the }{\insrsid12807907 bishop of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Bayeux}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 4,76}}}{\insrsid12807907 , which is not unlikely since t}
{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 he earldom of Chester had reacquired some of Baldric's lands by the time of the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10317099 Lindsey Survey}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  (17/1)}{\insrsid12807907  }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 and }{\insrsid12807907 had a}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  later interest in the vill}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 186}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
. }{\insrsid12807907 Baldric's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 2996)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  160. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Curiously, Bishop Odo had a }{\insrsid12807907 man-at-arms}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  named Baldric in Kent}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 5,128}}}{\insrsid12807907  who, as the name is rare, may be the same man; he is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907 
 (no. 7781)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BALDRIC <OF SCAWBY>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the tenant}{\insrsid12807907 s of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Jocelyn son of Lambert}{\insrsid12807907  at }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Scawby}{\insrsid12807907 , Bag Enderby }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 and}{\insrsid12807907  Hagworthingham in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 28,16;33-34}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 may be the same Baldric. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 By the time of the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10317099 Lindsey Survey}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , the }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 were in the hands of the tenant-in-chief, }{\insrsid12807907 who is unlikely to have lost three }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 tenants }{\insrsid12807907 named Baldric in the interval (1/17.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  17/9}{\insrsid12807907 
). Baldric's manor of Bag Enderby is four miles from Fulletby, held by Baldric of Lindsey; but there appear to be no links between the two men. Baldric's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 8728)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  161.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BALDRIC <OF STUDHAM>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the tenant}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  of Robert of Tosny at Studham}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
BDF 26,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  in Bedfordshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , Barwythe}{\insrsid12807907  in Hertfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 21,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
, and Bottesford }{\insrsid12807907 in Leicestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 15,15}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 may be}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 the same Baldric}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
, though the descent of the three }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 would suggest}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  otherwise}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VCH Bedfordshire}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , iii. 426, 428}{\insrsid12807907 ; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\insrsid12807907 p. 518}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 
As Robert's tenants are the only Baldrics in the three counties, however, it is improbable they are different men}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 1821)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  161}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BALDWIN}{\insrsid12807907 
. The name Baldwin occurs several hundred times but was probably borne by only a handful of individuals. It is a continental not an English name, which enables two pre-Conquest landowners - Abbot Baldwin of Bury St Edmunds and Bald
win son of Herlewin - to be identified with some confidence. Together with the tenants-in-chief Baldwin of Exeter and Baldwin of Flanders they account for the overwhelming majority }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16088531 
of the Domesday Baldwins, the remaining handful, scattered around seven or eight counties,}{\insrsid12807907  belonging to a few minor landowners.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 [* ABBOT *] BALDWIN}{\insrsid12807907 . Baldwin, 'godson' (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9854910 f}{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid9854910 iliolus}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 ) }{\insrsid12807907 of King Ed
ward, to whom the Confessor granted (with Westminster abbey) part of the royal manor of Kirtlington in Oxfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 1,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 , was identified by John Morris as Abbot Baldwin of Bury St Edmunds}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
. Baldwin, a monk of St Denys and physician to the Confessor before his appointment to Bury St Edmunds, received grants from the king which were subsequently held by Westminster abbey: }{\insrsid12807907 OXF }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 B8 Taynton note.}{
\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ABBOT B[ALDWIN]. Abbot B of St Edmunds}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 S}{\insrsid12807907 UF 14,26;167. 18,4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 can only be Baldwin, abbot of Bury St Edmunds from 1065 to 1097. His manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 31) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 161.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 BALDWIN <OF BUCKLAND>. If Baldwin the sheriff is excluded, the name Baldwin occurs only three times in the five south-western counties of circuit two, so it is }{\insrsid12807907 very }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
likely that the Baldwins who held consecutive manors on the fief of Gotshelm of Claville in Devon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 25,25-26}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  are one man. Dr Keats-Rohan suggests he may be a Fleming, possibly Baldwin de }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Warten beige}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  who attested a charter of 1068. His manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 8839) and referenced in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 162.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 BALDWIN [* OF FLANDERS *]. Baldwin, who held a modest fief in Lincolnshire claimed by Westminster abbey, is named Baldwin of Flanders in the List of Landholders for the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 65,1-5}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . He may be the tenant of Drogo of la Beuvri\'e8re in Yorkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 14E9;16;28;48}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and of Rainer of Brimeux in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 40,6;17-19}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . All three }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Flemings}{\insrsid12807907  or Picards}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 and Rainer is linked to Drogo, being one of his tenants in both Holderness, where Baldwin's tenancies lay, and in Lincolnshire. There are no unidentified Baldwins north of the Wash other than the tenants of Drogo and Rainer, and the manors Baldwin held f
rom Drogo were of comparable status to those he had as tenant-in-chief. A}{\insrsid12807907 s all three men lost their land}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  at an early date - another link - their identity cannot be confirmed by descent: English, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Lords of Holderness}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 140; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Regesta}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , i. no. 212. Baldwin's manors are recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 3047) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 161-62.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 BALDWIN [* SON OF HERLEWIN *]. The identit}{\insrsid12807907 y of Baldwin and his father Herlewin}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 are well-documented. Herlewin came England several decades before the Conquest, was in the service of the bishop of Worcester}{\insrsid12807907  and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  rewarded by the grant of a holding in Lyppard}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 WOR 2,}{\insrsid12807907 71}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  which }{\insrsid12807907 his son}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  held in 1086, 
albeit as a subtenant of Hugh of Grandmesnil. Baldwin himself was steward to the next }{\insrsid12807907 b}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ishop: Lewis, 'French in England', p. 134; }{\insrsid12807907 
Williams, 'Introduction to the Gloucestershire Domesday', p. 25.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par \tab Baldwin's patronymic is recorded only twice}{\insrsid12807907 , once each in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 4,31}}}{\insrsid12807907  and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Gloucestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 1,22}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
; but the bulk of his estate can be reconstructed from his distinctive pre-Conquest name and }{\insrsid12807907 the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 links which this establish. In 1066, he or his men held lands in Berkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 22,6-8. 33,1-2}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 24,38}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 B}{\insrsid12807907 
UK 4,31. 12,31. 17,3-4;15;24;30}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , Gloucestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS G2. 1,22. 47,1. 62,4-5}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 23,5-7;9;13;17;19}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , Leicestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 13,28}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and Warwickshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 WAR 16,58. 18,2-3;7-8;1}{
\insrsid12807907 0;13-14;16}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , almost all of }{\insrsid12807907 them}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 in the hands of William son of Ansculf or Hugh of Grandmesnil in 1086, evidently his designated successors. Baldwin himself retained only two of his pre-Conquest }{\insrsid12807907 demesne }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 manors, both
 as tenant of William son of Ansculf}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 BUK }{\insrsid12807907 17,15;24}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , which enables him to be identified elsewhere as probably the tenant of William in Surrey}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUR 21,4-5}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 17,30}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , Worcestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WOR 1,1d. 23,3-4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, and Staffordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 12,15-16}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , and of Hugh of Grandmesnil in Worcestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WOR 2,71}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . It is also possible that he is the Baldwin who held part of the royal manor of Fairford}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
GLS 1,51}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and a tenancy-in-chief which consisted of a single small manor in Ampney}{\insrsid12807907  Crucis}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 77,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , six and eight }
{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  respectively from his manor at Coln Rogers, the only unidentified Baldwins in Gloucestershire or adjacent counties. Since the name is rare, the Herlewin who held Peasemore}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
BRK 36,6}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , close to two of Baldwin's Berkshire manors, may be his father or perhaps a brother.
\par \tab Lists of Baldwin's pre-Conquest manors are given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 English nobility, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 pp. 257-58, and Lewis, 'French in England', pp. 140-41; }{\insrsid12807907 Dr }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Lewis does not include those of Baldwin's men. }{\insrsid12807907 Dr Clarke }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ranks Baldwin twenty-fifth in wealth among untitled laymen. His 1086 }{\insrsid12807907 tenancies}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 8163) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p.
 161, apart from Fairford and Ampney, whose tenants are unidentified (nos. 29372, 29888).}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BALDWIN [* THE SHERIFF *]. }{\insrsid12807907 B, who according to }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6717044 Exon.}{\insrsid12807907  acquired many royal manors in Devon, can only be Baldwin of Exeter, sheriff of the county}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
DEV 1,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid198187 4;8-}{\insrsid12807907 12;15-18;29;33-34;45-48;54-55}}}{\insrsid12807907 . The Baldwins at Larkbeare in Devon and Hardington in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid198187 DEV 39,10}{
\insrsid12807907 . }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid198187 SOM }{\insrsid12807907 5,48}}}{\insrsid12807907  are identified as Baldwin the sheriff by reference to his manors of Whimple and Hemington}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid198187 DEV }{\insrsid12807907 
16,94. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid198187 SOM 20,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; and the Baldwin who held Dittisham in Devon from the bishop of Exeter is probably the sheriff since }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6367037 Exon}{\insrsid12807907 
. identifies him as the Baldwin on the following manor of Slapton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 2,23-24}}}{\insrsid12807907 , both a few miles from his manors of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid198187 Englebourne}{\insrsid12807907 
 and West Prawle in the same Hundred of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid198187 Chillington}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid198187 16,175}{\insrsid12807907 -176}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. The two other unidentified Baldwins in the county are probably another man. Baldwin's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 400)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  162.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BALKI. The name Balki occurs three }{\insrsid12807907 times}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , twice in Suffolk}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  once in Gloucestershire}{\insrsid12807907 
, all three borne by pre-Conquest lords.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 BALKI <OF HELMINGHAM>. Balki}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  whose manors of Cretingham and Helmingham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 16,7;26}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 were acquired by the bishop of Bayeux}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 almost certainly}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  one man}{\insrsid12807907 .}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Both }{\insrsid12807907 manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 were }{\insrsid12807907 held }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 under the patronage of an Aethelstan, the}{\insrsid12807907  holdings}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 lying}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  within }{\insrsid12807907 four}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 of each other, in neighbouring hundreds. As the name is }{\insrsid12807907 very }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 rare, Balki is possibly the Dane }{\insrsid12807907 in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 Gloucestershire, though there are no links to confirm this.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BALKI [* THE DANE *]. Balki}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 who held}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  a modest }{\insrsid12807907 manor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 at Aldsworth in Gloucestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 78,11}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  is described in a later document from Cirencester }{\insrsid12807907 abbey}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  as Balki the Dane: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Cartulary of Cirencester }{\i\insrsid12807907 abbey}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\insrsid12807907 i.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  22}{\insrsid12807907 , possibly the same man as}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Balki of Helmingham in Suffolk}{\insrsid12807907 , but there are no links to confirm this}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 BARTH}{\insrsid12807907  [* FATHER OF GAMAL *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907 
 All Barths in Domesday Book may be one man. He preceded Ilbert of Lacy at Burton Hall, Brayton, Thorpe Willoughby, Kellington, Eggborough and Roall Hall in Yorkshire and was Ilbert's tenant in the last three }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11275323 vills}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
YKS 9W20;60-62}}}{\insrsid12807907 . He}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11275323  is identified}{\insrsid12807907  as }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11275323 the father of Gamal}{\insrsid12807907 
 by grants he and his descendants made to the monks of Selby in Burton, Thorpe and Eggborough: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11275323 Early Yorkshire charters}{\insrsid12807907 , iii. 194, 284-87; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11275323 Early Yorkshire }{
\i\insrsid12807907 families}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 7
6-78. As his name is rare, he is very probably also the Barth who preceded Ilbert at Campsall, Smeaton (where he retained land as a subtenant), Stapleton, Darrington, Knottingley, Beal and Rothwell and its dependencies}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 9W38;48;50-51;58-59;119}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , all but the last clustered in 'Osgodcross' wapentake; and as a survivor with a rare name, he is probably the thane who retained Hensall in 'Osgodcross' for two decades and had a second manor there before the Conquest}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
YKS 1Y12. 29W25}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Probably, though certainly, he is the predecessor of William Percy at Whixley and its dependencies in Cowthorpe, twenty miles north of Thorpe}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 13W18;37. 25W22}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. The one other Barth in the county, at Huggate in the East Riding}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 1E9}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is conceivably the same man, though as the waste manor was retained by the king there are no tenurial clues to his identity. The only other Barth in Domesday Book held the respectable manor of Coleby in Lincolnshire before the Conquest}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
LIN 34,24-26}}}{\insrsid12807907 , shared by a man with the very rare name of }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6707381 Wege}{\insrsid12807907  (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6707381 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
) whose one manor in Yorkshire was acquired by Ilbert of Lacy and is just four miles from the nearest of Barth's manors and a few more miles from several others. It seems likely that Barth and }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6707381 Wege}{\insrsid12807907 
 are related in some way. If these identifications are correct, Barth qualifies for inclusion in Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5063468 English nobility}{\insrsid12807907 , where he would ran
k among the ninety wealthiest untitled laymen before the Conquest. His tenancies in 1086 }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{
\insrsid12807907 (no. 4627)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  163.

\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 BARTHI <OF SLEAFORD>. }{\insrsid12807907 All Barthis in Domesday Book are very probably one man, a}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ll }{\insrsid12807907 his }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 manors devolv}{
\insrsid12807907 ing}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  upon the bishop of Lincoln}{\insrsid12807907 . He was a significant landowner, with}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  full jurisdiction and market rights in}{\insrsid12807907  Lincolnshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
LIN T5}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . The bishop acquired Holyoaks in Leicestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 3,11}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  from him, his entire fief in Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 5,1-4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, and thirteen holdings in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 7,38-43;45-51}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 His}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  estate was worth almost \'a3
60, which places him comfortably among the regional magnates of Anglo-Saxon England}{\insrsid12807907 . If}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  listed in Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 English nobility}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{
\insrsid12807907 he would rank about sixty-sixth in wealth among untitled laymen}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par BASWIN <OF CREETON>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 All Baswins in Domesday Book are tenants of Robert of Stafford in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 59,9-11;21}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, so almost certainly one man}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8471083 . }{\insrsid12807907 His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{
\insrsid12807907 (no. 2936)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid8471083 163.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16384937 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par BEATRIX [* SISTER OF RALPH OF POMEROY AND WILLIAM THE GOAT *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Beatrix, who held Chevithorne in Devon from Ralph of Pomeroy}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5835740 DEV 34,43}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , is evidently his sister named in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6717044 Exon.}{\insrsid12807907  on his manor at 'Stowey' in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 30,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 . }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6717044 Exon.}{\insrsid12807907  also names her as the sister of William the goat}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 19,40;46}}}{\insrsid12807907 . She is the only Beatrix named in Domesday Book or its satellites. Her manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 926)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  163.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BENEDICT <OF DAWLEY>. Apart from Abbot Benedict of Selby, the name Benedict occurs twice, both times on the lands of Earl Roger of Shrewsbury, as his tenant at Moreton in Staffordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 8,7}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and his subtenant, tenant of his sheriff Reginald of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1789860 Balliol}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , at Dawley in Shropshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,3,28}}}{\insrsid12807907 , almost certainly therefore}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the same man.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 He}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (nos. 30780, 31408).}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 BENZELIN [* THE ARCHDEACON *]. Benzelin, who held the church of Yatton in Somerset from the bishop of Wells}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 6,14}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , is 
identified as Benzelin the archdeacon in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Exon.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , probably the archdeacon without territorial title: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , vii. 25. The editors of the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Fasti}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and Dr Keats-Rohan identify the two other Benzelins in Domesday Book, }{\insrsid12807907 a tenant of Arnulf of Hes
din }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 at Standen in Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 
{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 25,7}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and }{\insrsid12807907 a tenant-in-chief himself at }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Livingstone in Oxfordsh}{\insrsid12807907 ire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
OXF 52,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , as the same man}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  presumably because the name is rare, as there appear to be no other links between them. Benzelin's manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 927) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 163.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BEORN. Beorn }{\insrsid12807907 is a rare name which }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 occurs }{\insrsid12807907 four}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  times}{\insrsid12807907 , distributed among four counti
es and the lands of three tenants-in-chief, all borne by pre-Conquest landowners.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BEORN <OF BEALINGS>. Beorn}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 whose land}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  worth eight shillings at Bealings in Suffolk }{\insrsid12807907 
was acquired by the bishop of Bayeux}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 16,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is possibly the bishop's predecessor at }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Everdon in Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 2,10}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, worth five shillings; but the holdings are tiny and separated by more than a hundred miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BEORN <OF }{\insrsid12807907 BIRCHAM}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 Beorn, whose modest manor at Great Bircham in Norfolk was acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid657263 William of Ecouis}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NFK 19,9}}}{\insrsid12807907 , has no links with other Beorns, the nearest of them seventy miles away.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid657263 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BEORN <OF EVERDON>. Beorn}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 whose land}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  worth }{\insrsid12807907 five }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
shillings at Everdon in Northamptonshire }{\insrsid12807907 was acquired by the bishop of Bayeux}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 2,10}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is possibly the bishop's predecessor at }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Bealings in Suffolk}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUF 16,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 , worth }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 eight }{\insrsid12807907 shillings; but the holdings are tiny and are separated by more than a hundred miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BEORN <OF KNOWLE>. Beorn}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 whose manor }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 at }{\insrsid12807907 Church }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
Knowle in Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 41,2}}}{\insrsid12807907  was acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid657263 Walter of Claville}{\insrsid12807907 , has no links with other Beorns, all distant}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1255400 BER}{\insrsid12807907 ARD <OF COCKFIELD>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1255400 . }{\insrsid12807907 All Berards in Domesday may be one man. His eleven holdings are all in
 East Anglia, the seven in Suffolk being held from the abbey of Bury St Edmunds}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12744925 14,16;24;57;110-112. 40,5}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and so almost certainly by the same Berard, whose main holdings are in Cockfield and Whatfield; the Feudal Book of Abbot Baldwin groups these manors together as held by the same Berard: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8657781 Feudal documents}{
\insrsid12807907 , pp. 20-21. Apart from the rarity of his name, there are no links in the Domesday text between the abbey's tenant and the four Berards in Norfolk, though it may be significant that there is a suggestion of illegality in their te
nures. Hindringham was claimed by the men of Drogo }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12744925 of la Beuvri\'e8re}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 11,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; Somerton was acquired 'after Tosti went from England'}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 10,83}}}{\insrsid12807907 
; and Banham was acquired by Roger Bigot's predecessor 'only after King William came to England. Berard also held a second manor from Roger}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 9,79;219}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. In the later case, there is a post-Domesday link with the Suffolk manors, the Cockfield family later holding a fee from Roger Bigot: Farrer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12744925 Honors}{\insrsid12807907 
, iii. 359-68. In the circumstances, it is not unlikely that the other dubious tenures were held by the same Berard. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 928)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  163.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12744925 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1255400 BERENGAR. Berengar is a}{\insrsid12807907 
 rare name in the sense that it was probably borne by few individuals, possibly only three. In Great Domesday, all Berengars may be identified with some confidence, as one of two tenants-in-chief of that name; those in Little Domesday may be on
e other man.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1255400 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1255400 BERENGAR [* GIFFARD *]. Berengar}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1255400  who held }{\insrsid12807907 the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1255400  substantial manor }{\insrsid12807907 
of Sutton Mandeville in Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 40,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , the entire fief of Richard of Tonbridge in the county, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1255400 is the only unidentified Berengar in the south-western counties. }{
\insrsid12807907 H}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1255400 e }{\insrsid12807907 is probably}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1255400  Berengar Giffard}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1255400  who held a small fief of two manors, }{\insrsid12807907 
Fonthill Gifford and Barford, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1255400 five miles away}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 47,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1255400 . The only other Berengar in the south-west }{\insrsid12807907 is}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid1255400  also Berengar Giffard, with another fief in Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1255400 DOR 43}{\insrsid12807907 ,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1255400 . In the mid-thirteenth century }{
\insrsid12807907 Sutton Mandeville}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1255400  was held from the Clares by Geoffrey de Mandeville, }{\insrsid12807907 who then held Fonthill Gifford in chief: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1255400 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 714-15, 724, 735}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1255400 . }{\insrsid12807907 Berengar's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 290)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1255400 164-65.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1255400 BERENGAR }{\insrsid12807907 <}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1255400 OF TO}{\insrsid12807907 PCROFT>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1255400 . }{\insrsid12807907 
All Berengars in Little Domesday may be one man, a tenant of the abbey of Bury St Edmunds at Brooke and Topcroft in Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 14,16;37}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Mickfield in Suffolk}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUF 76,19}}}{\insrsid12807907 , whose three manors are assigned to the same Berengar in the Feudal Book of Abbot Baldwin: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 Feudal documents}{\insrsid12807907 
, p. 16. The one other Berengar in East Anglia, guilty of an annexation at Uggeshall}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 76,19}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is there described as a man of St Edmund's. Of the two Berengar's in Essex one, responsible for annexation at Chipping Ongar}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 90,87}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is presumably the same guilty party. He is there described as a man of Count Eustace, though the Count has no tenants of this name in Domesday Book. He did, however, hold the manor of Chipping Ongar, where Ralph Baynard held a small subtenancy from him}
{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
ESS 20,46}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Ralph being the tenant-in-chief at Hanningfield, held from him by the remaining Berengar in Little Domesday}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 33,14}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. The links would appear inconsequential but for the rarity of the name Berengar. Berengar's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{
\insrsid12807907 (no. 898)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 164, where Dr Keats-Rohan suggests he is 'quite possibly' }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1786367 Berengarius de Sap}{\insrsid12807907 , who gave tithes to Roger Bigot's foundation of Thetford priory: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1786367 Monasticon}{
\insrsid12807907 , iv. 148-49, no. 2. If so, he was probably from Le Sap in Lower Normandy (Orne: arrondissement Argentan).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1255400 BERENGAR [* OF TOSNY *]. }{\insrsid12807907 All unidentified Berengars north of the Thames are }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1255400 concentrated on the fief of Robert of Tosny in Lincolnshir}{\insrsid12807907 e}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
LIN 18,1-10;13-14;29-30}}}{\insrsid12807907  and are almost certainly his son, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1255400 himself a tenant-in-chief in }{\insrsid12807907 
the county, as in Oxfordshire, Nottinghamshire and Yorkshire, where he was also his father's tenant}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1255400 7E1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907 . His Lincolnshire fief consisted of a single manor, at}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid1255400  Allington, where his father }{\insrsid12807907 had a manor}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1255400 18,}{\insrsid12807907 31}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1255400 .}{\insrsid12807907  Berengar's manors 
}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 2465)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  164}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1255400 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8552162 BERNARD. Bernard }{\insrsid12807907 
is a fairly common name which occurs more than seventy times, distributed among twenty counties between Cornwall and Nottinghamshire and the lands of the king and thirty of his tenants-in-chief, one Bernard}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 1,18}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 apparently a 1066 lord, though possibly an intermediate landowner.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BERNARD [* BEARD *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Bernard,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  subtenant on parts of the royal manor of Leominster at Wharton, Newton, and Middleton on the Hill }{\insrsid12807907 in Herefordshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
HEF 1,24-25;31}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 is probably}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Bernard Beard}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who rendered 5 shillings to Leominster}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
HEF 1,10b}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . He held Wharton and Newton from William of Ecouis, who held the other part of Newton as a tenant-in-chief, where his tenant Bernard }{\insrsid12807907 is probably therefore Beard}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , as also on the following }{\insrsid12807907 manor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  of Croft}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 14,4-5}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
. The subtenancy at Middleton was held from Durand of Gloucester, }{\insrsid12807907 who }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 also had tenant}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  named Bernard on five of his }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 in the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 22,2-4;6-7}}}{\insrsid12807907 , perhaps}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the same }{\insrsid12807907 man, one of whose}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , at Laysters, is adjacent to Middleton. }{\insrsid12807907 There are no other}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Bernards in the county.}{\insrsid12807907  Dr }
{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11352544 Keats-Rohan}{\insrsid12807907  suggests he may also be the tenant of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12471886 Ansfrid of Cormeilles}{\insrsid12807907  at Great Colesbourne and 'Duntisbourne' in Gloucestershire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
GLS 68,9;11}}}{\insrsid12807907 , though the grounds for this are not apparent. Bernard's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 allocated to three men in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907 
 (nos. 3050, 4696, 8880), one for each of the three tenants-in-chief, with a note that all three may be the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 same man; they are separately referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  165-66}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1255400 .}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12471886 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 BERNARD [* NAPELESS *]. The Bernards who held five manors in Devon from Baldwin the sheriff}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 16,25;39;125-127}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 may be Bernard }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Napeless}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{\insrsid12807907 so-}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 named on }{\insrsid12807907 the third}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  of them }{\insrsid12807907 in}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Exon.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{\insrsid12807907 Baldwin's tenants being}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  five of only seven Bernards in the county. }{\insrsid12807907 
His manors may constitute the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 2 1/2 fees}{\insrsid12807907  which }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Robert son of Bernard}{\insrsid12807907  held from}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  the Honour of Okehampton}{
\insrsid12807907  in 1166: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Red Book,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 i}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . 252}{\insrsid12807907 ; Reichel, 'Feudal baronage', p. 556}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. }{\insrsid12807907 The}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  manors were in the hands of }{\insrsid12807907 several }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 different families }{\insrsid12807907 by}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 the thirteenth century; but it is inconceivable that Baldwin had five Bernards among his }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7237629 tenants in 1086: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7237629 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7237629 , pp. 784-85; }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7237629 Feudal Aids}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7237629 , pp. 313-14, 328-29. Bernard's manors are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 (no. 1729) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 165-66.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BERNARD <OF ARLESEY>. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Bernard, who held Arlesey in Bedfordshire from William of Eu}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 18,6}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, may be his tenant at Cholderton and Codford in Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 32,8;10}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , manors of comparable status, all acquired from Alstan of Boscombe. }{\insrsid12807907 He may also be one of the two men-at-arms who held Edworth}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  in Bedfordshire}{\insrsid12807907  from William since his descendants held there in the thirteenth century: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14105966 VCH Bedfordshire}{\insrsid12807907 , ii. 223. }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Fowler suggested that the Bernard at Astwick and Henlow}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 BDF 23,45.}{\insrsid12807907  55,10}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, both adjacent to Arlesey, is the same man, Astwick and Henlow perhaps being absorbed into Arlesey at a later date. Bernard of Arlesey was the ancestor of the Burnard family: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Bedfordshire in 1086}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 90; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 VCH Bedfordshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , ii. 261-62, 281; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Cartulary of Old Wardon}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, pp. 342-46. William of Eu's tenant at Arlesey }{\insrsid12807907 and Edworth }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 and in Hampshire is identified as this Burnard in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 1589) and }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 172; the Bernard in Wiltshire as Bernard Pancevolt; and Bernard at Astwick and Henlow as a third man (no. 1871).}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BERNARD <OF CARLTON>. Bernard}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held }{\insrsid12807907 Carlton in Bedfordshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  from Nigel of Aubigny}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BDF 2}{\insrsid12807907 4,21}}}{\insrsid12807907 , has no links with his namesakes}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Nigel had no other tenant of this name, and there are no discernible }{\insrsid12807907 connection}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  with the other Bernard in the county, Bernard of Arlesey, or }{\insrsid12807907 the two unidentified Bernards }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 in neighbouring counties}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 12,17. 17,8}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 By the mid-thirteenth century, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7237629 Bernard's tenancy, identifiable by its mill, was in the hands of the Perot family: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7237629 
VCH Bedfordshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7237629 , iii. 51. Bernard is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7237629 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7237629  (no. 327).}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 BERNARD [* PANCEVOLT *]. Bernard Pancevolt, a tenant-in-chief in his own right in Hampshire and Wiltshire, is identified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Exon.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  as a tenant of }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Turstin}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  son of Rolf at South Cadbury and Dunkerton in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 36,7;13}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . He }{
\insrsid12807907 is probably also}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  the Bernard who held Gillingham and Nyland in Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 33,1;3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 and Hillesley in Gloucestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 67,4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  from }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Turstin}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , since Eustace and Humphrey Pancevolt held fees from }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Turstin}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 's successor, Henry de }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Novomercato}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , in 1166: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Red Book,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 i}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . 296. Pancevolt may also be the Bernard who held land from the Crown and the bishop of Worcester in Gloucestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 1,24;45. 3,7}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , as suggested by Dr Keats-Rohan. The royal and episcopal manors }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  adjacent, two lying in the vill of Stoke Orchard, and Bernard held }{\insrsid12807907 land }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 elsewhere }{\insrsid12807907 on the royal demesne}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Bernard's manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 1187) and referenced in }
{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 165, }{\insrsid12807907 apart from the bishop's tenant, identified as another man (no. 10479); the tenant }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
of William of Eu in Wiltshire}{\insrsid12807907  is also identified as Pancevolt, here as Bernard of Arlesey}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 BERNARD [* SON OF UNSPAC *]. Bernard, who held Adley in Shropshire from Picot of Sai}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,20,26}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, may be Bernard son of Unspac, later lord of Kinlet, who witnessed a charter of the Conqueror from the late 1070s. He }{\insrsid12807907 subsequently}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 played a part in the Conquest of Brecknockshire, so it is not unlikely that he was enfeoffed in the border territory near Clun: Eyton, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Antiquities of Shropshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , iv. 185, 241-45. He}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 31018).}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12209277 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9853749 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4203132 .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7825642 BERNER. Berner is an uncommon name. Apart from a fief in Cornwall and the East Anglian manors of Bernard the bowman, the name}{\insrsid12807907  occurs}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7825642  on }{\insrsid12807907 fourteen}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid7825642  manors distributed among six counties and five tenants-in-chief}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7825642  perhaps borne by}{\insrsid12807907  three or}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7825642  four individuals}{
\insrsid12807907 , all post-Conquest landowners}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7825642 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BERNER [* NEPHEW OF ROBERT OF PERONNE *]. Berner nephew of R. of P\'e9ronne}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held land at Appleton in Berkshire of the fee of the }{\insrsid12807907 bishop of}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Bayeux}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 65,19}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  is the nephew of Robert of P\'e9ronne}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  not himself a Domesday landowne
r. Berner was also a tenant of Abingdon }{\insrsid12807907 abbey}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  at Kennington, Sunningwell, Boxford and Garford in the same county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 7,11;14;21}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  where }{
\insrsid12807907 h}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 is identity and }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  are recorded in the }{\insrsid12807907 Abingdon chronicle}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
, as is their descent to his son Hugh: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Historia Ecclesie Abbendonensis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , i}{\insrsid12807907 i.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  26-29, 322-23, 379, 381-82, 386, 389, 393. }{
\insrsid12807907 He often witnessed the abbey's charters. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Appleton was subsequentl}{\insrsid12807907 y held by the Visdeloup family: }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 Farrer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 
Honors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\insrsid12807907 i.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  54. }{\insrsid12807907 Berner's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907  (no. 1350)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 167. He probably came from P}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 \'e9}{\insrsid12807907 ronne}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 in Picardy }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 (Somme: arrondissement P\'e9ronne).}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BERNER <OF GLOUCESTER>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is uncommon, the Berner }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 with a messuage valued at }{\insrsid12807907 fourteen}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  pence }{
\insrsid12807907 in Gloucester}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS G4}}}{\insrsid12807907  may be the Berner in Herefordshire and Shropshire, as suggested by Dr Keats-Rohan; but there are no links to confirm this.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 BERNER <OF HIGFORD>. The Berners who held Webton in Herefordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 10,22-23}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and Plaish and Higford in Shropshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,8,12;15}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 from Roger of Lacy }{\insrsid12807907 are probably}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  one man, and the same Berner as the tenant of William Pandolf in the adjacent vills of Ledwyche and Middleton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,14,22-23}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, Middleton and Higford }{\insrsid12807907 being}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  later held by the Hugford family: Eyton, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Antiquities of Shropshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, iii. 10-13. The Herefordshire manors were held by the Criketot family in the thirteenth century; but may have been acquired from a collateral branch of Berner's successors}{\insrsid12807907 , since}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 he shared one of them with a Gerald, }{\insrsid12807907 probably}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  the Gerald who held Cobhall from Roger}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 10,20}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  both manors descending to the Criketot family: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 811. T
here are no other Berners in either county, or in any adjacent county, apart from the tenant on a messuage in the city of Gloucester}{\insrsid12807907 , who might be the same man}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Berner's manors are recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 4705) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. }{\insrsid12807907 167, with the addition of}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  urban }{\insrsid12807907 property in Gloucester}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS G4}}}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BERNER <OF HORNACOTT>. As }{\insrsid12807907 the name is rare}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in the south-western counties, it is likely that the Berner}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 who held Nancekuke and 'Perran' from the Canons of St Petroc and St Piran}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 4,6;26}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the Count's tenant}{
\insrsid12807907  in Cornwall}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 5,8,1-10}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . The Count }{\insrsid12807907 was responsible for}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 many}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 depredations at the expense of the Cornish churches}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  from which }{\insrsid12807907 several}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 of his tenants benefited, and in the case of 'Perran' Bernard is explicitly stated to be holding there from the Count of Mortain.}{\insrsid12807907  His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 231)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  167.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BERNER <OF THORNBOROUGH>. }{\insrsid12807907 T}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 he tenant}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  of Mainou the Breton at Thornborough in Buckinghamshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
BUK 43,7}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and Maidenwell in Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 54,3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 are probably}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 the 
same Berner, since Mainou had only three other tenants on his small Honour}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 As his name is uncommon,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 
Mainou's tenant may be the other Berner in either county, of Walter Giffard at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Lamport }{\insrsid12807907 in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BUK }{\insrsid12807907 
14,25}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  five miles from Thornborough}{\insrsid12807907 , though the manors were held by different families in the thirteenth century: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7825642 VCH Buckinghamshire}{
\insrsid12807907 , iv. 234, 238}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Walter had no other Berners on his extensive Honour. Berner's tenancies from Mainou }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 8915)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  167; Lamport is assigned to another Berner (no. 11902).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BERTRAM}{\insrsid12807907 . The name Bertram occurs four times, once each in Kent and Buckinghamshire, and twice in Somerset, all post-Conquest landowners}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BERTRAM [* OF VERDUN *]. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Bertram}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who }{\insrsid12807907 
held respectable manors in Huish and Fivehead}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in Somerset }{\insrsid12807907 from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Roger of Courseulles}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 21,43;70}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{
\insrsid12807907 are probably}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 one}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  man}{\insrsid12807907 , possibly }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Bertram of Verdun}{\insrsid12807907 , a}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  tenant-in-chief}{\insrsid12807907  in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 38,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , though he came from a different area}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  of Normandy}{\insrsid12807907  from 
}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Roger of Courseulles. }{\insrsid12807907 Bertram's manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 761)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 168.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BERTRAM <OF }{\insrsid12807907 WORTH}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 Bertram, who held a modest manor in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Worth Hundred in Kent }{\insrsid12807907 from }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid7696845 Hugh de Montfort}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 9,11}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 has no links to the Bertrams of Buckinghamshire and Somerset. His manor is recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 8840)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 168.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par "BESI"}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  <OF CALVERTON>. Although more than one origin has been suggested for the forms }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Besi}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Bisi}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Bosi}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Beso}{\insrsid12807907  by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15150746 von Feilitzen, }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 tenurial and other relationships suggest that the}{\insrsid12807907  first three}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  may be variants of a single name}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907 Pre-Conquest personal names}{
\insrsid12807907 , pp. 201, 207}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Besi }{\insrsid12807907 at Heyford in Oxfordshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  was a predecessor of Miles Crispin}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 35,19}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,
}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who was preceded by a }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Bosi}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  at Eaton in Berkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 33,8}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and a }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Bisi}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  at Stantonbury in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 23,32}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Miles' predecessor in Buckinghamshire is described as a royal thane, as is the }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Bisi}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who preceded Hugh of Bolbec at Calverton in the same county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 26,8}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
. Another Buckinghamshire }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Bisi}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , who preceded William son of Ansculf at Linford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 17,21}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
, was an overlord of men and a close neighbour to the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Bisi}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  on the Crispin fief. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8928928 Besi}{\insrsid12807907 
, tenant of Countess Judith at Whitwell in Rutland, may be the same man}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 56,18. RUT 2,13}}}{\insrsid12807907 . A }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14552741 Beso}{\insrsid12807907  in}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 6,216. 35,7}}}{\insrsid12807907  is perhaps not}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2500384 "BES}{\insrsid12807907 O}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2500384 " <OF GISLINGHAM>. The }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2500384 Beso}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2500384 s with }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid2500384 
two small holdings }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2500384 in neighbouring vills in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2454779  }{\insrsid12807907 '}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid2454779 Hartismere}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 '}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid2454779 
 Hundred in Suffolk}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907 are very probably }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 the same man}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 SUF 6,216. 35,7}}}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907 . The name-forms are unique; and although considered a variant of }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid2500384 Besi}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907 by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15150746 von Feilitzen, }{\insrsid12807907 
are probably}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907 a different person, if not a different name, from }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2500384 Besi}{\insrsid12807907  of Calverton: }{\i\insrsid12807907 Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 201).}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 BIGOT [* OF LES LOGES *]. Bigot, who held a fief in Cheshire from Earl Hugh of Chester}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 14,1-13. 27,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, is named Bigot of Les Loges in the great charter for St Werburgh's abbey: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Charters of the Anglo-Norman earls of Chester}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, p. 41. He also held the manor of Halesworth in Suffolk from the earl, where his byname is recorded. There are no other men in Domesday with this forename. He may have been related to Roger Bigot (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 q.v.}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ). His manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 671) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, p. 168; see also Farrer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Honors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , ii. 238-40.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BLAEC}{\insrsid12807907 MANN <OF DARSHAM>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 
It is likely that all Blaecmanns in eastern England are one man. All his modest holdings lay in the two adjacent Hundreds of 'Colnes' and Carlford in south-east Suffolk, all but two of them being acquired by Robert Malet}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12742282 6,93-94;112}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Roger Bigot}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12742282 7,36;76;99;111;120-121}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, both of whom shared other predecessors and both of whom succeeded Blaecsunu of Rendham (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12742282 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
), possibly a relative of Blaecmann. Blaecmann and Blaecsunu were both men of Edric of Laxfield for some of their holdings. One of Blaecmann's other two holdings, at Helmingham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 16,26}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, was acquired by Bishop Odo of Bayeux, who also obtained the one other manor held by Blaecsunu. Blaecmann's remaining holding, held by Hervey of Bourges in 1086, lay in the vill of Bealings}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 67,11}}}{\insrsid12807907  where both Robert Malet and t
he bishop held land. These tenurial and spatial links are persuasive evidence of identity in view of the complete absence of Blaecmanns elsewhere in eastern England. As is frequently the case in Little Domesday, it is unclear whether Blaecmann survived un
til 1086, though an entry for Grimston}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 7,99}}}{\insrsid12807907  appears to suggest he did.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12742282 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4984231 BLAECSUNU}{\insrsid12807907  <OF RENDHAM>. As the name is very rare, all Blaecsunus in Domesday Book are probably one man, the predecessor of Roger Bigot at Offton and Rendham in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid3157699 7,60;146}}}{\insrsid12807907  and again at Burstall, where Roger was the tenant of the bishop of Bayeux}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3157699 16,35}}}{
\insrsid12807907 . Blaecsunu is described as a man of Roger's predecessor Edric of Laxfield on two of these holdings, and held land in Parham 'under patronage' of an unnamed overlord who may be Edric, the only named overlord in the entry}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUF 6,32}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Parham is five miles from Rendham. It is likely that Blaecsunu is related to Blaecmann of Darsham (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2639692 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
) -also a man of Edric of Laxfield - most of whose manors were acquired by Roger Bigot and the bishop of Bayeux, and possible he is related to Brictric Blaec, who held land in Depden and Thorney}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 25,79. 67,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, the latter nine miles from Offton.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3157699 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par ............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BLAECWIN. }{\insrsid12807907 
Blaecwin is a rare name which occurs only Cambridgeshire and Suffolk.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 BLAECWIN [* THE SHERIFF *]. Blaecwin, King Edward's man, whose manor at Madingley in Cambridgeshire devolved upon the bishop of Lincoln}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 3,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, is almost certainly Blaecwin the sheriff. The tenant at Madingley was Picot the sheriff, who acquired the }{\insrsid12807907 five other}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  manors of }{\insrsid12807907 Blaecwin}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 in Cambridgeshire, on }{\insrsid12807907 four}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  of which he is described as }{\insrsid12807907 the sheriff, on one also as }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Edward's man}{\insrsid12807907 
; the fifth Blaecwin, who held from the king}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8922403 CAM 32,39}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is almost certainly the sheriff, too}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 
The Cambridgeshire manors form a fairly close grouping in the adjacent Hundreds of 'Northstow' and Chesterton. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 As the name is rare, }{\insrsid12807907 the three remaining Blaecwins, all in }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Suffolk}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  may be the sheriff, but there are no links to confirm this.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BODIN}{\insrsid12807907 . The name Bodin occurs only in Norfolk, Staffordshire and Yorkshire, and is rare in he s
ense that it was very probably borne by no more than three individuals, one of them a pre-Conquest landowner.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BODIN [* }{\insrsid12807907 BROTHER OF BARDULF}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  *]. }{\insrsid12807907 
As the name occurs only four times outside Yorkshire, where all the manors of Bodin - more than two dozen - occur on the fief of Count Alan of Brittany (6N7;11;18;38-4}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5703300 7;49-51;67;73;75-76;78;80;91;122;135}{
\insrsid12807907 ), it is almost certain that these were held by one man, identified in later sources as the brother of Bardulf, probably half-brother of Count Alan and natural son of Count Eudo of Penthi\'e8
vre, despite the fact that his manors were later held by two families: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5703300 Early Yorkshire charters}{\insrsid12807907 , v. 199-200. All but two of his manors were acquired from Thorfin of Ravensworth (}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid597911 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ), his designated predecessor. Bodin's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{
\insrsid12807907 (no. 2460)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  168-69.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BODIN [* DE VERE *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Bodin, predecessor of Walter Giffard at Cawston and Shotesham in Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 1,57. 25,15}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is evidently Bodin de Vere, named on the Giffard manor of Lynford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 25,25}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, identified by the rarity of his name and his tenure as an intermediate landowner. He was dead or departed by 1086.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10907979 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BODIN }{\insrsid12807907 <OF GAILEY>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Bodin, predecessor of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10907979 Robert of Stafford}{\insrsid12807907 
 on a very modest manor at Gailey in Staffordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10907979 STS 11,59}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is the only pre-Conquest lord of this name, unlikely to be related to his continental namesakes in Yorkshire or Norfolk.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BOIA}{\insrsid12807907 "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Boia is a rare name which occurs once in Cornwall and Devon and as the name of a juror in Hertfordshire.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BOIA}{\insrsid12807907 "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  [* THE PRIEST *]. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2234408 Boia}{\insrsid12807907 
 who held the royal manor of Down in Devon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 1,72}}}{\insrsid12807907  before the Conquest may be }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2234408 Boia}{\insrsid12807907 
 the priest of Bodin, with a hide on the royal manor of Blisland in Cornwall in 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 1,6}}}{\insrsid12807907 . His tenancy is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 1353)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  169.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BOLLA}{\insrsid12807907 . Bolla is an uncommon name, confined to the adjacent counties of Dorset, Somerset, Wiltshire, Hampshire and Gloucestershire, twenty of the twenty-three names occurring in the inner grou
p of Dorset, Wiltshire and Hampshire, a distribution which suggests that most if not all were borne by one man, although the lands were held by the king and ten of his tenants-in-chief in 1086 where not held by Bolla himself.
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BOLLA [* THE PRIEST *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Bolla, who held Chickerell among the king's thanes in Dorset in 1086, is probably Bolla the priest, named in the previous entry for Mappowder in 1086}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
DOR 56,7-8}}}{\insrsid12807907 . He also held two manors from Abbotsbury abbey and another two among the king's almsmen, according to Domesday or }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6717044 Exon.}{\cs23\i\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 13,5;8. 24,2-3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, all four also held in 1086; there are no other Bollas in the county. One other Bolla held land in 1086, at Appleford in the Isle of Wight, possibly the same man though there are no links to confirm this}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10776312 IoW9,24}}
}{\insrsid12807907 . Bolla the priest had held Mappowder before the Conquest so might be the Bolla on several other manors in the south-west. His Dorset tenancies }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 1354)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  169, apart from Appleford, whose tenant is unidentified (no. 6931).
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8552162 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14302298 BONDI. }{\insrsid12807907 
The name Bondi is almost entirely confined to England south of a line from the Bristol Channel to the Wash and east of the River Parrett in Somerset, with concentrations in the south Midlands and East Anglia. Within those areas, the na
me is common, occurring in eighteen counties and on the lands of the king and more than thirty of his tenants-in-chief; but if}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14302298  the }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14302298 
 plausibly attributed to Bondi the constable are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  excluded, }{\insrsid12807907 Bondis are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  common only in East Anglia}{\insrsid12807907 , with a thin scatterin
g among half-a-dozen other counties, including three survivors.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 BONDI <OF RAYNHAM>. }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 In view of the distribution o
f the name, it is likely that most Bondis in Norfolk are one man, the predecessor of Hugh de Montfort, whose fief accounts for the majority of the names}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  and many of the substantial manors held by a Bondi}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Apart from the fourteen manors Hugh acquired from Bondi}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 23,1-8;10-13;17-18}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, he is named as Hugh's predecessor at Gateley}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 10,53}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , and is probably the Bondi whose manor in another part of Raynham was acquired by Reginald son of Ivo}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 21,22}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{
\insrsid12807907 Dr Clarke }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 suggests that he also held Great Walsingham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 34,18}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , which is }{\insrsid12807907 not unlikely}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 given that it is a reasonably substantial manor, roughly half-way between Bondi's manors of Raynham and Beeston}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 23,5;8}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . If so, he may have held Erpingham and Edgefield}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 36,1;6}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , the only other manors of substance held by Bondi in Norfolk. This Bondi was a thane and free man of Earl Harold and, lik}{\insrsid12807907 e the Bondi of Great Walsingham -}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{
\insrsid12807907 also a thane -}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  was succeeded by Humphrey, perhaps Humphrey brother of Ranulf son of Ilger (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ). }{\insrsid12807907 
Given the distribution of the name, it is not unlikely that other East Anglian Bondis are the same man, though none of the remaining manors are nearly as substantial as several of those of Bondi of Raynham and only one - Elmham in Suffolk}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUF 19,16}}}{\insrsid12807907  - has as associations of any kind with his manors. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 A list of Bondi's manors is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 English nobility, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
p. 268, which does not include Erpingham or Edgefield. }{\insrsid12807907 Dr Clarke }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ranks Bondi seventy-seventh in wealth among untitled laymen. The addition of Erpingham and Edgefield would raise him half-a-dozen places.

\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 BONDI [* THE CONSTABLE *]. Bondi the constable, who is well-attested in contemporary charters}{\insrsid12807907  of the Confessor and Conqueror}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , is named as such }{\insrsid12807907 
once each }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 on the fiefs of William son of Ansculf}{\insrsid12807907  and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  the Count of Mortain, and }{\insrsid12807907 twice on that of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Henry of Ferrers, though called Boding the constable in Henry's case}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 27,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. As these are the only Bodings in Domesday Book and the two manors constituted Henry's entire fief, both are almost certainly scribal errors for Bondi, identified as Henry's designated predecessor at 'Alverston' in Gloucestershire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
GLS 31,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Henry succeeded Bondi on }{\insrsid12807907 high-status}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  manors in Berkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 21,3;7;20}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, Oxfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 24,3-5}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 25,2-3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , and Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 29,3-5}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. The text for Oxfordshire is ambiguous and may include the valuable manor of Badgemore, where no pre-Conquest landowner is named, and perhaps Chalford, where Bondi may have been the unnamed overlord of the two lords said to have held it in 1066}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
OXF 24,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Bondi the constable is probably also }{\insrsid12807907 the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  forester }{\insrsid12807907 Bondi}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 who }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 held woodland in the royal manor of Bampton acquired by Henry of Ferrers}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 OXF 1}{\insrsid12807907 ,6}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .
\par \tab As the Count of Mortain and William son of Ansculf succeeded }{\insrsid12807907 men of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Bondi the constable, the Bondi who preceded them on the valuable manors of Sutton in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 19,56}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and Barnack in Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 36,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  may be the constable. It is also possible}{\insrsid12807907 , even probable,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  that he is the Bondi who held all or most of the valuable manors - some very valuable - of Sandlings in Kent}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 5,38}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
; Oakley, Stratford and Warnborough in Hampshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 44,2-4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ; Fisherton in Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 44,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
; and Compton and Broadwindsor in Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 51,1. 57,15}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 The half-dozen manors in Hampshire, Wiltshire and Dorset alone are worth almost \'a3
100; as a royal forester (above), the constable would naturally be endowed in those counties. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 His status as a lord of men }{\insrsid12807907 further }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 su
ggests he is the Bondi at Colemore in Hampshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 57,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , and perhaps on the nearby holding at Empshott}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 62,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 .}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Between them, the}{\insrsid12807907 se manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  account for all th}{\insrsid12807907 ose held by}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 a Bondi south of the Thames apart from one small property at Knighton, on the Isle of Wight}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM IoW9,15}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .
\par \tab Finally, he may be the Bondi who preceded Countess Judith on several of her manors in Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 56,15-18;37-38;53}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. There can be little doubt that the Countess had only one predecessor named Bondi, five of his seven holdings being centred on Earls Barton, held with full jurisdiction, the whole complex worth \'a316. Its status }{\insrsid12807907 befits the constable}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , and Earls Barton is }{\insrsid12807907 less than three miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  from the }{\insrsid12807907 his}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 manor of Ecton, acquired by Henry of Ferrers. Some further if slight support for this identification is supplied by Orderic Vit
alis (ii. 344-45), according to whom Judith's husband, Earl Waltheof, granted the manor of Barnack to Crowland abbey, a gift later defeated by 'the malice of the Normans'. As noted above, Barnack was held by William son of Ansculf, who presumably succeede
d Waltheof, the earl's other acquisitions from Bondi remaining in his wife Judith's hands. Since Judith succeeded to several of Bondi's }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , it has been suggest}{\insrsid12807907 ed he was a man}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  of Earl Waltheof}{\insrsid12807907  (}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Scott, 'Earl Waltheof', pp. 163-64}{\insrsid12807907 )}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , which is possible but does not preclude his i}{
\insrsid12807907 dentification as the constable}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907  Of the remaining Bondis, only one - at Ardleigh in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 39,8}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 - held a fairly substantial manor but there are no links to connect him with the constable. Two of the three survivors held small manors in Northamptonshire acquired by the Flemish tenants-in-chief Winemar of Flanders}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid7485207 40,5}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Gunfrid of Chocques}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7485207  48,16}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, both near-neighbours of Countess Judith on the continent, Winemar probably being from Lens where Judith's father was Count, and Gunfrid from Chocques fifte
en miles away; Winemar was also a tenant of the Countess. Since she acquired most of the constable's manors in Northamptonshire, it is not unlikely that the two survivors are the constable, surviving like many of his peers on a tiny fragment of his once e
xtensive estate. He may even be the one other survivor, a tenant of the bishop of Durham at Wainfleet in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 3,47}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, a county in which the Countess had a large presence and where another Flemish tenant-in-chief - Gilbert of Ghent - held land in the same vill. The few other Bondis outside East Anglia}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3877683 16,31. 44,3}{
\insrsid12807907 . YKS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3877683 C19. 14E26}{\insrsid12807907 .}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3877683  CE32}}}{\insrsid12807907  are conceivably the same man but there are no links to confirm this.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3877683 

\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 \tab A list of Bondi's manors is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 English nobility, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 pp. 266-67, which }{\insrsid12807907 does not include }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 the Ferrers manor of Buttsbury in Essex}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 Sandlings in Kent, the Hampshire manors of Colemore, Empshott and Knighton, or those in Northamptonshire which devolved upon William son of Ansculf and Countess Judith. Bondi is ranked fourteenth in wealth among untitled laymen by }{\insrsid12807907 Dr }
{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Clarke; the additional manors would place him comfortably }{\insrsid12807907 in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  the top ten.}{\insrsid12807907  The three survivors are unidentified in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16594748 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (nos. 27330, 27414, 33111).}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14302298 BO}{\insrsid12807907 R}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14302298 DI}{\insrsid12807907 N <OF THORPLAND>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14302298 . }{\insrsid12807907 
All six Bordins in Domesday Book are almost certainly one man, all being tenants of Hermer of Ferrers on a number of small manors in Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3630080 
13,6;19. 66,12;20-21;23}}}{\insrsid12807907 . His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 1960)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  169.}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid3630080 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2234408 
BOSELIN [* OF DIVES *]. The name Boselin is rare, all occurrences probably referring to one }{\insrsid12807907 man}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2234408 , named Boselin of Dives }{\insrsid12807907 on the manor held by his wife at Oakington }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2234408 in }{\insrsid12807907 Cambridgeshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2234408 CAM 43,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2234408 
. He may be identified elsewhere in relation to his son, William (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12190770 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2234408 ), with whom he }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2234408  probably }{\insrsid12807907 the }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2234408 joint tenant at Stoke in Worcestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WOR 8,26c}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2234408 . }{\insrsid12807907 Boselin's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2234408  }{\insrsid12807907 
(unnamed) }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2234408 son also held }{\insrsid12807907 land }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2234408 at Malling }{\insrsid12807907 in Sussex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 2,1c}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 from the archbishop of Canterbury, Boselin himself being recorded as a knight of the archbishop in the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2234408 Domesday Monachorum}{\insrsid12807907  (p. 105). Boselin also had houses in Pevensey}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 10,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, and had held land at Chollington in Sussex and a house in London which are not recorded in Domesday: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2234408 Regesta}{\insrsid12807907 , i. no. 166. His family was established in Sussex and Northamptonshire: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2234408 Domesday Monachorum}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 37-38. He}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2234408  was from Dives-sur-mer in }{\insrsid12807907 Lower Normandy}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2234408  (}{\insrsid12807907 Calvados: }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2234408 arrondissement Lisieux).}{\insrsid12807907  His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 1199)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  169.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BO}{\insrsid12807907 
STEN <OF BARNHAM>. Bosten, whose manor of Barnham in Suffolk was acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16342809 William of Warenne}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16342809 SUF 26,8}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , is the only Bosten in Domesday Book; his name is otherwise unknown in English sources: von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12352791 Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 207.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16342809 

\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BOVI. Bovi is }{\insrsid12807907 a rare name}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ,}{\insrsid12807907 
 stated or implied eight times, distributed among five counties and the lands of the king and four of his tenants-in-chief, all borne by pre-Conquest lords.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 BOVI <OF ARLESCOTE>. As the name is rare, the Bovis whose manors of Bruntingthorpe in Leicestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 LEC }{\insrsid12807907 44,6
}}}{\insrsid12807907  and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Claverdon and Arle}{\insrsid12807907 scote in Warwickshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 16,16;56}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 were acquired by the Count of Meulan are probably one man}{\insrsid12807907  who may also be the predecessor of the Count of Mortain at Whilton in Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 18,27}}}{\insrsid12807907 , roughly midway between }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Bruntingthorpe }{\insrsid12807907 and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Arle}{\insrsid12807907 scote, and the one other Bovi in that county, at Rockingham, retained by the king}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 1,27}}}{\insrsid12807907 , perhaps
}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  in order to build his castle there. The one other Bovi in the Midlands, at 'Morton' in Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 10,17}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{
\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  possibly also him}{\insrsid12807907 , though there are no specific links to connect him}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . The manor is of similar status to some his manors and }{\insrsid12807907 at }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 no greater distance from them than some are from each other; and it may have been acquired by William Peverel because it lay in Broxtowe wapentake, the bulk}{\insrsid12807907  of which he held, probably as part of a }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 block grant}{\insrsid12807907  of the wapentake}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 : Fleming, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Kings and nobles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 162. It is conceivable that he }{
\insrsid12807907 is also the two remaining Bovi, both in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Norfolk manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 49,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , but there are no links to confirm this.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BOVI <OF RINGSTEAD>. Bovi}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 who held}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Ringstead and Hunstanton in Norfolk }{\insrsid12807907 before the Conquest,}
{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  is stated }{\insrsid12807907 in the text }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 to be }{\insrsid12807907 one man}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 49,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . He }{
\insrsid12807907 was}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  a fairly prosperous landholder, of comparable status to his namesake in Great Domesday, Bovi of Arlescote, so conceivably the same }{\insrsid12807907 individual,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 though }{\insrsid12807907 there are no links to confirm this}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BRETEL [* }{\insrsid12807907 "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 DE SANCTO CLARO}{\insrsid12807907 "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  *]. }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 T}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5918460 
he name Bretel occurs on }{\insrsid12807907 twenty six manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5918460  in Domesday Book, }{\insrsid12807907 on twenty-five of them as}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5918460  a tenant of the Count of Mortain}{\insrsid12807907 :}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid5918460  in }{\insrsid12807907 Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12352791 26,12;17;28-29;54-55;60;63;69}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12352791 1,5;9. 19,15;20-22;45;58;62-64;86}{\insrsid12807907 . 46,4}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Devon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12352791 15,20-21;63}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , named Bretel of Saint-Clair (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12352791 Sanctus Clarus}{\insrsid12807907 ) in the Geld Roll for '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5309925 Abdick'}{\insrsid12807907  Hundred in Somerset, where his manor of Swell lay}
{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SOM 19,15}}}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12352791 VCH Somerset}{\insrsid12807907 , i. 536-37. He is assumed to be a Norman,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14419921  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5918460 
though no specific continental origin is known. The }{\insrsid12807907 twenty-sixth}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5918460  Bretel also occurs on the fief of the Count of Mortain, as a pre-Conquest landholder }{\insrsid12807907 at Trevillyn in Cornwall}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12352791 CON 5,13,10}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5918460 . This is either a}{\insrsid12807907 n}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5918460  }{\insrsid12807907 highly improbable }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5918460 statistical freak}{
\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5918460  or Bretel is an Englishman}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5918460 from St Cleer in Cornwall, not a Norman from Saint-Clair in Normandy}{\insrsid12807907 
; it is all but inconceivable that every one of the twenty six Bretels in Domesday Book should occur on a single Domesday Honour and not be one man.
\par \tab The name Bretel may be of Cornish or continental origin: von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12352791 Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 208. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5918460 The earliest form of the Cornish place-name is }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12352791 Sanctus Clarus}{\insrsid12807907 , as}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5918460  in the }{\insrsid12807907 Geld Roll}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5918460 : Ekwall, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5918460 Dictionary of English }{
\i\insrsid12807907 p}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5918460 lace-}{\i\insrsid12807907 n}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5918460 ames}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5918460 
, p. 400. A Hubert and Richard of Saint-Clair also occur in Domesday Book, both presumed to have come from Saint-Clair-sur-l'Elle }{\insrsid12807907 in Lower Normandy }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5918460 (Manche: arrondissement Saint-L\'f4); but}{
\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5918460  unlike Bretel, both have unmistakably Norman forenames and no pre-Conquest }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5918460 . St Cleer itself is not named }{\insrsid12807907 
before the early thirteenth century}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5918460 ; but this does not preclude its existence in 1066}{\insrsid12807907 , of course. St Cleer is a Brittonic saint, whose name is more likely }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1115162 to}{
\insrsid12807907  have}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1115162  establish}{\insrsid12807907 ed}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1115162  itself in }{\insrsid12807907 Cornwall during }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1115162 
the age of the Cornish saints and the fifth and sixth century migrations between}{\insrsid12807907  Brittany and the Celtic fringe - migrations which included 'many hundreds of emigrant saints' - than in the twelfth century: Orme, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1115162 Saints of Cornwall}{\insrsid12807907 , pp 88-89; Morris, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1115162 Age of Arthur}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 363}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5918460 
. If Bretel was indeed from St Cleer in Cornwall, then he was one of the most successful survivors of the Conquest, with demesne holdings valued at almost \'a350, fractionally less than those of Kolsveinn of Lincoln and more than twice th}{
\insrsid12807907 at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5918460  of Thorkil of Warwick, the two best-known survivors (unless Edward of Salisbury }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5918460  English).}{\insrsid12807907  Bretel's manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 788)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  170, where he is identified as a Norman.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BRIAN. }{\insrsid12807907 Brian is a rare name which occurs on one fief and ten manors, distributed among eight counties}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 and the lands of five}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  tenants-in-chief}{\insrsid12807907 , perhaps borne by that number of individuals, all post-Conquest landowners.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 [* COUNT *] BRIAN. }{\insrsid12807907 The Brians at Onehouse and Brettenham in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12352791 2,7;13}}}{
\insrsid12807907  are evidently Count Brian, who preceded the Count of Mortain on seven other manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 2,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12352791 1-6;9}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and is further identified by his status as an intermediate landowner and designated prede
cessor of Count Robert. He was a brother of Count Alan of Brittany, alleged by his nephew, another Count Alan, to have been the predecessor of the Count of Mortain as earl of Cornwall: Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12352791 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907 , pp. 47-48. As an intermediate landowner, his manors are not listed in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13901277 Coel}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\i\insrsid12807907 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907  or the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13901277 
Statistics}{\insrsid12807907  database.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BRIAN <OF CAVERSFIELD>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, t}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 he }{\insrsid12807907 Brians who held}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Caversfield in Buckinghamshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BUK 15}{\insrsid12807907 ,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and Gatehampton in Oxfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 22,2}}}{\insrsid12807907  from }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 William of Warenne}{\insrsid12807907  are probably one man,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  possibly the ancestor of the Gargate family: }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 Farrer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 
Honors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , ii}{\insrsid12807907 i.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  410-13. }{\insrsid12807907 His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 1674)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 17}{\insrsid12807907 0-7}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 1.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BRIAN <OF RAUCEBY>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 the Brians who held }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Rauceby}{\insrsid12807907  in Lincolnshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
LIN 59,14-15}}}{\insrsid12807907 ;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Rudge, Weston and Levedale in Staffordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 11,15-16;66}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and Ditchford in Warwickshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 22,16}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Robert of Stafford}{\insrsid12807907  are probably one man}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 3607)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 171.
\par 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 BRIAN }{\insrsid12807907 [* OF SCALES *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 Brian, who held Babraham in Cambridgeshire from Count Alan of Brittany}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 14,15}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is almost certainly Brian of Scales, a juror in Chilford Hundred, where Babraham lay: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3571504 Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis}{\insrsid12807907  (ed. Hamilton, p. 28)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{
\insrsid12807907 He is the only Brian in the county or on the Honour of Count Alan. His manor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. }{\insrsid12807907 2063}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. }{\insrsid12807907 441}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par BRIAN <OF WIDEMOUTH>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, t}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 he Brian}{\insrsid12807907  who - according to }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10975626 Exon}{\insrsid12807907 . - held}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 Trenhaile in Cornwall}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 C}{\insrsid12807907 ON 4,22}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  from the Count of Mortain }{\insrsid12807907 is probably}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 the Count's tenant on a small fief in the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 CON 5,9}{\insrsid12807907 ,1-4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907  His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 
recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 1358)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  171, apart from Trenhaile, attributed to the Count's demesne.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par BRIAN'S WIFE}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 The unnamed wife - widow - of Brian who held five hides in Stepney from the bishop of London}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11291256 MDX 3,3}}}{
\insrsid12807907  is shown to be the mother of Ralph son of Brian and his brother William, both tenants of the bishop and of Ralph Peverel in Essex, by the descent of their lands: Taylor, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9053506 'Clerkenwell', pp. 17-28.}{
\insrsid12807907  Her manor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. }{\insrsid12807907 1301}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 17}{\insrsid12807907 0}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11291256 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BRICTEVA. The name Bricteva occurs nine }{\insrsid12807907 times, distributed among six counties between Devon and Lincolnshire and the lands of the king and six of his tenants-in-chief; there are two survivors}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BRICTEVA <OF BALDON>. }{\insrsid12807907 Bricteva, who held a 
substantial part of the manor of Dorchester 'at a revenue' from the bishop of Lincoln, is probably his tenant at Baldon, where her holding may be a duplicate of that in Dorchester}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 6,1b;17}}}{\insrsid12807907 :}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VCH Oxfordshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , vii. 1}{\insrsid12807907 . An Englishwoman entrusted with farming a substant
ial episcopal manor is difficult to credit, so a scribal error is possible. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 If not an error, then Bricteva was an }{\insrsid12807907 unusual}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 woman, in which case an interesting possibility arises. The }{\insrsid12807907 one}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  other Bricteva }{\insrsid12807907 holding}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  land in 1086 had a small property }{\insrsid12807907 at}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Corby Glen in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 68,18}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\insrsid12807907 where}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the }{\insrsid12807907 bishop of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Lincoln }{
\insrsid12807907 was a landowner}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . This Bricteva held the property in 1066, as did a Bricteva in Hackthorn}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 28,12}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 and another in Gidding}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab HUN 26,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\insrsid12807907 all manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  surrounded by }{\insrsid12807907 those}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  of the }{\insrsid12807907 bishop of}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Lincoln. It is just possible, therefore, }{\insrsid12807907 they}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  were }{\insrsid12807907 all }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 held by one }{\insrsid12807907 
woman who made an impression on the bishop or his officials}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , though scribal error in the Oxfordshire entries seems more likely, in which case the apparent links }{\insrsid12807907 may be illusory}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907  Bricteva's Oxfordshire tenancies }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{
\insrsid12807907 (no. 3608)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  171.

\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 BRICTEVA <OF CORBY>. Bricteva, who held a small manor among the king's thanes at Corby Glen in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 68,18}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, is one of two Brictevas to survive until 1086, unless she is the same woman as Bricteva of Baldon. She is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 34874).}{\insrsid12807907 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par ................................................................................................................................................................
\par BRICTEVA <OF GIDDING>. Bricteva, whose manor of Gidding in Huntingdonshire was acquired by William the artificer}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HUN 26,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , has no links }{\insrsid12807907 with}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 her namesakes, though it is possible she is the same woman as Bricteva of Baldon.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par ................................................................................................................................................................
\par BRICTEVA <OF HACKTHORN>. Bricteva, whose shared a manor at Hackthorn in Lincolnshire was acquired by Jocelyn son of Lambert}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 28,12}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , has no links }
{\insrsid12807907 with}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  her namesakes, though it is }{\insrsid12807907 just }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 possible she is the same woman as Bricteva of Baldon.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par ................................................................................................................................................................
\par BRICTEVA <OF HEANTON>. Bricteva, whose virgate at Heanton in Devon was acquired by Colwin the reeve}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 52,8}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , has no links }{\insrsid12807907 with}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 her namesakes, the nearest }{\insrsid12807907 roughly}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  fifty }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  away, on an even smaller holding.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par ................................................................................................................................................................
\par BRICTEVA <OF STANWAY>. Bricteva, who held eighteen acres paying 32 pennies which was added to the royal manor of Stanway in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 1,19}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, is possibly the Bricteva at Wickford, whose holding suffered a similar fate, perhaps at the hands of the same man, Swein the sheriff}{\insrsid12807907 ; but the holdings are small and almost thirty miles apart}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{
\insrsid12807907 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par ................................................................................................................................................................
\par BRICTEVA <OF STRINGSTON>. Bricteva, whose half a virgate at Stringston in Somerset was acquired by Alfred of 'Spain'}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 35,4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , has no links with other Brictevas}{\insrsid12807907 , the nearest some fifty miles away}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par ................................................................................................................................................................
\par BRICTEVA <OF WICKFORD>. The Bricteva who held seventy-five acres which were added to the manor of Wickford in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 24,9}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, acquired by Swein of Essex, is possibly the same woman as Bricteva at Stanway, whose holding suffered a similar fate, perhaps at the hands of the sheriff}{\insrsid12807907 ; but the holdings are small and almost thirty miles apart}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BRICTFRITH. Brictfrith }{\insrsid12807907 is a rare name which occurs}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  four times}{\insrsid12807907 
, distributed among four counties and the lands of as many tenants-in-chief, all four names borne by pre-Conquest landowners.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BRICTFRITH <OF CARADON>. Brictfrith}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held land valued at ten shillings }{\insrsid12807907 at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Caradon in Cornwall}{
\insrsid12807907  acquired by the Count of Mortain}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 5,4,11}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 has no links with other Brictfriths}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BRICTFRITH <OF FROME>. Brictfrith}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held a modestly substantial manor at Frome in Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 57,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  acquired by William Bellett,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 has no links with his namesakes in the south-west, none within fifty miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BRICTFRITH <OF KILLINGHOLME>. Brictfrith}{\insrsid12807907 , w}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ho shared a modestly substantial manor at Killingholme in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 14,31}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 acquired by Ivo Tallboys,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 has no links}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 with }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 his namesakes, none }{\insrsid12807907 
of them within two hundred miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BRICTFRITH }{\insrsid12807907 [!1! UNCLE OF SAEWIN !1!]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Brictfrith}{\insrsid12807907 , w}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ho }{\insrsid12807907 
was succeeded on his modest manor at Swimbridge in Devon by Saewin the priest}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10313038 DEV 13a,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is identified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10313038 Exon}{
\insrsid12807907 . as Saewin's uncle}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907  He has no links with his namesakes, the nearest of them some fifty miles away.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BRICT}{\insrsid12807907 MER}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Brictmer is a common name, stated or implied on more than 140 mano
rs, distributed among eighteen counties between Cornwall and Lincolnshire and the lands of more than fifty tenants-in-chief. There are significant concentrations, geographically and tenurially, particularly in Cornwall, Devon and Suffolk, which account fo
r almost two-thirds of the names, with lesser clusters in Somerset and Essex. There are four survivors, one each in Sussex, Wiltshire, Somerset and Herefordshire.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BRICTMER <OF RILLATON>. }{\insrsid12807907 The disproportionate occurrence of Brictmers on the fief of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Baldwin of Exeter in Devon }{\insrsid12807907 
suggests that most if not all of his eighteen predecessors are the same Brictmer}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 DEV 16,4;12;19;31;33;58;65;69;71;8}{\insrsid12807907 3;85;96;104;110;116;140;161;175}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , particularly as Brictmer contributed}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 Baldwin's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  two most valuable }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
, and four of the six most valuable}{\insrsid12807907 ; and, if one man, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 the largest single share of Baldwin's fief.
\par \tab A Brictmer was also the main predecessor of the Count of Mortain in Cornwall}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 CON 5,1,8;13. 5,2,1;11;16;19;21;33. 5,4,2;4;12. 5,5,17;20. }{\insrsid12807907 
5,6,2. 5,7,4. 5,14,3-4. 5,24,25}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , supplying more of hi
s manors and a larger income than any other individual, as well two of his six largest manors, including the largest, Rillaton, one of the two most valuable in Cornwall. It is tempting to suggest that he was also the pre-Conquest lord of Launceston}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
CON 5,1,22}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , the next most valuable manor in the county. This is where the Count built is castle, and no pre-Conquest lord is named. It is five miles from Dunterton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 16,12}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
, acquired by Baldwin the sheriff from Brictmer}{\insrsid12807907 .}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  It is impossible to prove that all the Cornish Brictmer's }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the same }{\insrsid12807907 man}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , though it }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  likely that the majority were. Seven of }{\insrsid12807907 his manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 were allocated to the same subtenant; and it is noticeable that each of the others had one reasonably close to the three large manors of Brannel}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 5,2,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , Trematon}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
CON 5,1,8}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and Rillaton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 5,1,13}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Finally, although there are no tenurial links to substantiate this, it seems likely that the predecessors of Count Robert and Baldwin }{
\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the same }{\insrsid12807907 man,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  not two }{\insrsid12807907 English }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 magnates separated by a county border, along which s}{
\insrsid12807907 everal of their manors align.
\par \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 A list of }{\insrsid12807907 Brictmer's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  manor}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  is given by}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Clarke, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11564255 English nobility}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , pp. 259-60, who includes }{\insrsid12807907 all those above}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 apart from}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 Pencarrow}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 5,4,2}}}{\insrsid12807907  and suggests}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  that other }{\insrsid12807907 of the many }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Brictmers in the south-west }{\insrsid12807907 may}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  be }{\insrsid12807907 Brictmer of Rillaton. H}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 e mentions no specific cases, }{\insrsid12807907 but the predecessors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 of}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  William of Poilley}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 21,19-21}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , Robert of Aum\'e2le}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 28,15}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , Ansger}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 DEV}{\insrsid12807907  40,4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , and Fulchere}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 49,1-3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 have manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 close to one of th}{
\insrsid12807907 ose of Baldwin's predecessor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907  None, however, are particularly substantial. The one manor substantial manor held by Brictmer in the five south-western c
ounties so far unaccounted for - at Haselbury in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10313038 SOM 47,17}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 - was held by a royal thane who had retained it for twenty years. It is conceivable that he is Brictmer of Rillaton; but so many of the Count of Mortain's tenants are Englishmen, it is likely that 
the Count would have retained the services of his predecessor were he still alive in 1086.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8552162 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2784270 .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BRICT}{\insrsid12807907 MER [* SON OF QUENEVA *].}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 
Most Brictmers in Essex and Suffolk may be one man, despite his lands devolving upon sixteen tenants-in-chief. The clustering of the name in the two counties is striking, there being only a single Brictmer in the six adjacent counties and very few
 in the outer ring beyond those six, providing a veritable }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12408137 cordon sanitaire}{\insrsid12807907  for Brictmers, suggesting that most within the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1003703 cordon}{\insrsid12807907 
 are the same man.
\par \tab An initial clue to Brictmer's identity, linking three of the tenants-in-chief, is provided by the entry for the manor of Ranulf brother of Ilger at Falkenham in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 39,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, which explains that Brictmer had several lands, one part being delivered to Engelric the priest, and others to Ranulf and Ralph Pinel, among whom a dispute had arisen. Brictmer is identified on Ranulf's fief as the son of Queneva}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUF 39,7-10}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Engelric, the major predecessor of Count Eustace of Boulogne, preceded the Count on the very valuable manor of Fobbing in Essex, previously held by the royal thane Brictmer}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 20,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, evidently the Brictmer of the Falkenham entry. Fobbing, with its free men, is the most valuable manor held by any Brictmer in Domesday Book, its lord clearly a man of substance. The other three manors Eustace acquired from him are minor holdings}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
ESS 20,14;47;49}}}{\insrsid12807907 . The two acquired by Ralph Pinel show the same pattern, Great Bromley in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 77,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  being the second in value of Brictmer's manors in Essex or Suffolk, Layham in Suffolk}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUF 61,2}}}{\insrsid12807907  a very modest property. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1998220 Waldringfield}{\insrsid12807907  in Suffolk, the most valuable of those acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1998220 Ranulf brother of Ilger}{\insrsid12807907 
, was worth only \'a31, the remainder a few shillings each}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 39,2-5;7-10;13}}}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par \tab These manors stretched almost seventy miles between Fobbing in Essex and Falkenham in Suffolk, most of them close to the coastal estuaries and creeks. The majority of the Brictmers who preceded other tenants-in-chief are sim
ilarly situated, or are otherwise related to Queneva's son. The Essex manors held by Robert Gernon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 32,4}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Ranulf Peverel}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 34,5;7;27}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 lie between Chelmsford and Colchester, close to the Blackwater estuary, in a direct line between Fobbing and the Pinel manor of Great Bromley. In Suffolk, Geoffrey de Mandeville acquired Raydon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 32,8}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, two miles from the Pinel manor of Layham, and Roger Bigot had Morston}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 7,115}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, a vill in which Brictmer was also succeeded by Ranulf. Bigot's predecessor had Ely abbey as his overlord at Charsfield}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 7,133}}}{\insrsid12807907 , as 
did Ranulf's at Hemley, and the bishop of Evreux's at Campsey Ash}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 22,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Roger's manors of Benhall and Bruisyard}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 7,140;145}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, however, had the East Anglian magnate Edric of Laxfield (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14832867 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ) as Brictmer's overlord, as did Robert Malet's at Debenham, 'Laneburc', Aspall and Kenton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 6,11;173;201;271}}}{
\insrsid12807907  and Hervey of Bourges at Tuddenham and Glevering}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 67,15;31}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. The predecessors of Hervey and Robert Malet also had Earl Harold as their overlord at Braiseworth (where Brictmer is surnamed Bubba) and Martley}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 6,226. 67,27}}}{\insrsid12807907 , as did }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14832867 Ralph of Lim\'e9sy}{\insrsid12807907  at Framlingham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 43,6}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Brictmer's mother provides another link between her son and Roger Bigot}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10778008 
SUF 14,117}}}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par \tab There are also geographical links. Hervey of Bourges held in Carlford Hundred, as did Ranulf and Roger of Rames}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 38,23-24}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Hervey, Roger Bigot, Robert Malet, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14832867 Ralph of Lim\'e9sy}{
\insrsid12807907  and the bishop of Evreux al
l had manors from Brictmer in 'Loose' Hundred. There is a marked concentration alongside the river Debden and above Woodbridge, half-a-dozen tenants-in-chief acquiring manors from Brictmer in this area, including the single manor of Count Alan of Brittany
 at Ashfield}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 3,65}}}{\insrsid12807907 . To complete the picture, Robert Malet acquired two other manors in 'Hartismere' Hundred}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 6,209;215}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, Roger of Rames one in 'Lothingland'}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 38,16}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and two other tenants-in-chief a single manor each: Roger of Poitou at Hemingstone}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 8,65}}}{\insrsid12807907 , a tiny holding but in the sam
e area as the bulk of the others, and Richard of Tonbridge at Horseham Hall}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 90,52}}}{\insrsid12807907 , close to the Norfolk border, the most isolated of all. The single manor of Earl Hugh at Middleton}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUF 4,15}}}{\insrsid12807907  is linked to Brictmer's other holdings, being held it from the earl by Roger Bigot, part of the manor also being claimed by Robert Malet.
\par \tab This entry for Middleton introduces a second Brictmer and a puzzle. The two Brictmers are lord and man: Brictmer son of Asmoth, with roughly eight acres, a man of Brictmer, Robert Malet's reeve. N
o Brictmer held land elsewhere in Domesday under another Brictmer. In view of the links discussed above, it is likely that the overlord in this entry is Queneva's son, his puzzling status as Bigot's reeve perhaps referring to a period after 1066 when he h
ad lost is estates but was retained by Bigot in a service capacity, a common enough occurrence and one repeated elsewhere on the Bigot Honour; if so, Brictmer may be the beadle associated with Roger Bigot at 'Olden'}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10778008 
SUF 74,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Here as elsewhere, Little Domesday is a
mbiguous in the matter of the dates, especially for the holdings of free men, and it is possible that Brictmer survived until 1086 as Bigot's reeve and as a free man, at Benhall, Falkenham, Kembroke, Hemingstone, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10778008 
Wetheringsett}{\insrsid12807907  or Rickinghall}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 3,101. 7,98;121. 8,65. 21,39. 35,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 . His man at M
iddleton may be the Brictmer in some of these cases as there appears to be no criteria for distinguishing him from his overlord; Middleton, however, may equally have been the only property of Asmoth's son; his mother's holding was modest. Either way, the 
affect on the value of the estate of Queneva's son would be minimal.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10778008 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 \tab As mentioned above, the six counties adjacent to Essex and Suffolk include only one Brictmer, at West Bedfont in Middlesex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab MDX 11,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. He, too, may be Queneva's son, since his manor is substantial and his overlord Earl Harold, the overlord of manors acquired by Robert Malet, Ralph of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14315460 Lim\'e9sy}{\insrsid12807907 
 and Hervey of Bourges in Suffolk. Earl Harold was also the overlord of Brictmers in Sussex and Herefordshire. In Sussex, Brictmer held Wantley from Azur of Slindon (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14315460 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
), who in turn held it from Earl Harold, so he is likely to be the same man as the two remaining Brictmers in the county, at Cokeham and Ovingdean, both of whom had Azur as their lord}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14315460 12,12}{
\insrsid12807907 . 13,23;45}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Brictmer retained Ovingdean for two decades, as a man of Azur of Slindon in 1066 and as a subtenant of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14315460 William of Warenne}{\insrsid12807907  twenty years later}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14315460 SUS 12,12}}}{\insrsid12807907 , the only Brictmer on the Warenne Honour. In Herefordshire, he held Castle Frome from Earl Harold, and is probably the Brictmer who held the following manor of Munsley, both ac
quired by Roger of Lacy}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 10,30-31}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and perhaps also the Brictmer at Hopton Sollers, four miles away}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 16,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, both Munsley and Hopton being held free of lordship and three respectable manors. Unless there are two royal thanes named Brictmer, he is also the Brictmer at Hadzor in Worcestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WOR 20,6}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. There are other manors in Herefordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9846161 1,10b. 9,12}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Worcestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WOR }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9846161 2,10. 8,10a-10b;24}}}{
\insrsid12807907  some of which may have been his, a not unlikely possibility in view of the fact that he accounts for all the Brictmers in Sussex, Middlesex, Gloucestershire (below), Essex 
and all but one or very few of the large number of Brictmers in Suffolk; but there are no links to support an identification in these five cases. There are no links, either, to identify the three Brictmers in Gloucestershire, two on the neighbouring manor
s of Ebrington and Charingworth, the third at Batsford, five miles to the south}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 34,4. 45,1. 68,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 . All three are valuable- the most valuable manors held by an as-yet-unidentified Brictmer (\'a3
28 between them) - so were probably held by one man though devolving on three tenants-in-chief. If, as suggested, Queneva's son was a landholder in the west of England, their status suggests he may be that man.
\par \tab If these identifications are valid, Brictmer was a major landowner, with a manorial income of more than \'a3100, which would rank him among the three dozen wealthiest}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 
untitled laymen in 1066 if included in Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10778008 English nobility}{\insrsid12807907 . The tenant at Ovingdean is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1727758 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 16350).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2784270 BRICTRIC. Brictric is a }{\insrsid12807907 very }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2784270 common }{\insrsid12807907 name which occurs}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2784270  }{\insrsid12807907 roughly three}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2784270  hundred times}{\insrsid12807907 , distributed among twenty-three counties and the lands of the king and more than seventy of his tenants-in-chief. The name is almost entirely confined to England south of the Wash}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2784270 , with concentrations in Buckinghamshire, Devon, Gloucestershire, Somerset and Suffolk}{\insrsid12807907 . Almost two dozen manors were held by survivors, the bulk of them shared between three men.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 BRICTRIC}{\insrsid12807907  [* BROTHER OF ALWY *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 Dr Williams suggests that the Brictric who preceded Edward of Salisbury on the fairly valuable manor of 
Lus Hill in Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15148358 WIL 24,5}}}{\insrsid12807907  may be the king's thane }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9130204 Brictric brother of Alwy}{\insrsid12807907  who held Trowbridge and several other substantial manors in 1086
}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
WIL }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15148358 67,2-10}}}{\insrsid12807907 , his estate later forming part of the Honour of Trowbridge held by Edward's descendants. She also suggests he and his brother Alwy may have been Edward's relatives: Williams, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4204244 English and the Norman Conquest}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 105}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907 
 There are no other Brictrics on Edward's Honour; another king's thane, Brictric of Newton, held substantial manors and survived in the region for two decades, but family relationships would seem to preclude identifying him as the same man.}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 BRICTRIC [* FATHER OF AELFRIC *]. Brictric, who was preceded on the manor }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Scepeworde}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  in Somerset by Aelfric, is presumably }{\insrsid12807907 the }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Brictric}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 father of Aelfric at Lydford,}{\insrsid12807907  the previous entry, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 named in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Exon}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 47,21-22}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . No other Brictric was preceded by an Aelfric (or Aelric or Alric) in Domesday Book.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BRICTRIC <OF }{\insrsid12807907 NEWTON}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 Brictric, whose manors in Hampshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 38,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Berkshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
BRK 55,1-4}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Herefordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 17,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907  constituted the fiefs of }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13698812 Turstin}{\insrsid12807907  son of Rolf in those counties, is evidently }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13698812 Turstin}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13698812 's}{\insrsid12807907  designated predecessor, and so probably the Brictric who preceded him at Kimble in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 35,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, and Hasfield and Oakley in Gloucestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 19,2. 67,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 , most of them high-status manors. Although often referred to simply as a free man, he is designated a royal thane at Kimble.
\par \tab Brictric is probably also one of the three thanes whose share in a hide at Coleshill in Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 49,1a}}}{\insrsid12807907  was acquired by }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13698812 Turstin}{\insrsid12807907 
, the other thanes being Asgot of Hailes (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13698812 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ) and Edmund of Childrey (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13698812 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
), perhaps his brothers, also wealthy landowners. They may be the three free men who held the valuable royal manor of Sparsholt in Berkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 1,10}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, Brictric having a second manor in the vill acquired by }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13698812 Turstin}{\cs23\i\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 55,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and possibly a third, another valuable manor, acquired from a Brictric by Hascoit Musard}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
BRK 35,5}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Brictric's family connections suggest he is the Brictric among the king's thanes at Leckhampton in Gloucestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 78,9}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, where Asgot of Hailes had a manor}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 38,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 . If so, he was still alive in 1086 since
 he held Leckhampton at both dates, which makes it likely he is the king's thane Brictric who survived for twenty years at Woodchester and Wheatenhurst}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 78,14-15}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, the only such Brictric in the county, these three manors being only three in the county held by a Bric
tric for two decades and the only substantial manors held by a Brictric for that period anywhere in the country (there are four less manors, in Cornwall and Somerset). There are no other Brictrics on }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13576571 Turstin}{
\insrsid12807907 's Honour; another king's thane, Brictric brother of Alwy, held substantial manors and survived in the region for two decades, but family relationships would seem to preclude identifying him as the same man.
\par \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5861464 A list of }{\insrsid12807907 Brictric's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5861464  manors is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5861464 English nobility, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5861464 
pp. 249-51, which does not}{\insrsid12807907  inc
lude Leckhampton, Woodchester and Wheatenhurst, or a share in Sparsholt. Dr Williams, who refers to Brictric as Brictric of Leckhampton, attributes all but Woodchester and Wheatenhurst to him: 'Introduction to the Gloucestershire Domesday', pp. 24-25. Dr 
Clarke ranks Asgot, Brictric }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5834566 and Edmund collectively as fifteenth in wealth among untitled laymen; the additional manors attributed to the three of them would place the family comfortably within the top ten.}{
\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 BRICTRIC <OF WADDESDON>. }{\insrsid12807907 Tenurial and d}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 istribution}{\insrsid12807907 al}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 patterns suggest}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  that all }{\insrsid12807907 but one of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 the manors and men held by Brictric in }{\insrsid12807907 the four adjacent counties of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Buckinghamshire}{
\insrsid12807907 , Bedfordshire, Hertfordshire and Oxfordshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  were }{\insrsid12807907 held by}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  one man, the Brictric at Waddesdon, one of the three most valuable}{\insrsid12807907  manors
}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 23,14}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Although his lands devolved upon eight or nine tenants-in-chief, his estate may be largely
 reconstructed from his description as a man of Queen Edith, some of whose manors were acquired by the Count of Mortain in Hertfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 15,5}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
; Robert d'Oilly, Miles Crispin and Hugh of Bolbec in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 19,2. 23,14;20. 26,3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ; and Osbern son of Richard in Worcestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WOR 19,5}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Apart from Robert d'Oilly, these tenants-in-chief - particularly }{\insrsid12807907 Robert's son-in-law Miles }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Crispin - acquired the lands of many of Brictric's men - too numerous to list here - as did Odo of Bayeux, William son of Ansculf and }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Turstin}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Mantle. }{\insrsid12807907 Further l}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 inks between these three and Brictric of Waddesdon are }{\insrsid12807907 indicated}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  by their holdings in the vills of Beachendon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 4,24}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , Chesham}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
BUK 36,3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , Littlecote}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 17,12}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and Marston}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 17,8}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, where d'Oilly, Crispin and Bolbec succeeded Brictric of Waddesdon. William also acquired Brictric's men in Hollingdon and Swanbourne}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 17,11;14}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. Of the two remaining Brictrics in the county, the overlord at Helsthorpe}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 43,4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  may be Brictric of Waddesdon}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Helsthorpe}
{\insrsid12807907  farm (in Wingrave) lying between}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  his manors of Wingrave and Horton}{\insrsid12807907 , a couple of miles from either}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ; Kimble}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 35,1}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  probably belonged to Brictric of Newton}{\insrsid12807907  whose family relationships suggest he is another individual}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .
\par \tab In Bedfordshire, too, the three unidentified Brictrics are probably Brictric of Waddesdon}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 the demesne manor of Clapham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 19,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, one of the most valuable in the county, devolv}{\insrsid12807907 ing}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  upon his principal successor, Miles Crispin. Of the other two, both held by his men, one at Thurleigh was acquired by Crispin}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
BDF 19,3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , while Milton }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16664833 Ernest}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 32,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  lay between Clapham and Thurleigh, }{\insrsid12807907 three}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  
}{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  from either. In Oxfordshire}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  the holdings of the only Brictrics in the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 35,12;14}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 were acquired by Miles Crispin. Finally, 'a widow of Brictric's held this land' at Drayton Beauchamp}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 12,14}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{\insrsid12807907 two and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 three miles}
{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 respectively }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 from his manors at Tring and Marsworth, so }{\insrsid12807907 very likely}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  his widow}{\insrsid12807907 
 given his dominance in the area}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . If so, Brictric may have been dead }{\insrsid12807907 by}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  1066, though 'held' }{\insrsid12807907 may}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, as it occasionally did, refer to an intermediate date rather than the customary 'before 1066'}{\insrsid12807907  or his wife's widowhood may simply be hindsight}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907 
 No Brictrics survived until 1086 in the counties where he held land twenty years previously. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 If these identifications are broadly correct, Brictric was the }{\insrsid12807907 wealthiest }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
landowner in Buckinghamshire before the Conquest}{\insrsid12807907  - ahead of the king, the queen and the earls - and the wealthiest untitled layman in the four counties as a group}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. A list of his manors is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 English nobility}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 262-64, which does not include Stewkely or his men at Whaddon, Chesham and Helsthorpe. }{\insrsid12807907 Dr Clarke }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ranks him thirty-fifth in wealth untitled laymen; the addition of Stewkely would raise him one place.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
BRICTRIC [* SON OF ALGAR *]. The estates of Brictric son of Algar }{\insrsid12807907 have been}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  reconstructed }{\insrsid12807907 by}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 Dr }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Williams}{\insrsid12807907 :}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 'West-country magnate', pp. 41-68. In Gloucestershire, where his byname is given, he was succeeded on the bulk of his lands by Queen Matilda, a link which identifies him as the Brictric whose lands were acquired by the queen in Cornwall}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
CON 1,13-19}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , Devon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 1,57-72. 27,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 1,15-17. 54,8}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 and Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 17,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . His association with the queen also identifies him as the Brictric at Tarrant in Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 21,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 and Umberleigh in Devon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }
{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 13,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , both held in 1086 by the queen's foundation of La Trinit\'e9 of Caen; and at Northam}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 12,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, held by St Stephens, Caen. Brictric is named in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Exon.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  as the son of Algar on the fief of Walter of Claville at Leigh in Devon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 24,21}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 which, together with the association of the queen with his brother Gotshelm of Claville on several royal manors in the county,}{\insrsid12807907  suggest}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  that other Brictrics on their fiefs may be Algar's son}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 DEV 24,19;22;24;29. 25,27. DOR}{\insrsid12807907  41,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . The interrelationships of the Clavilles with Ansger of Montacute and Odo son of Gamalin}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 40,5-7. 42,1;5-6;16-17;20}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  make it likely that their predecessor, Brictric, was also the son of Algar; and a possible link between Odo and Poltimore suggests that he may be the Brictric who held a substantial manor in that vill}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
DEV 50,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , a few }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  from a cluster of Odo's holdings. Land recorded as 'added' to Brictric's manors on the fiefs of the Clavilles and Ansger}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
DEV 24,18. 25,20;25. 40,5-7}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  suggests that 'most of their manors had probably belonged to him': Williams, 'West-country magnate', p. 49, presumably as }{\insrsid12807907 an unnamed }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
overlord. }{\insrsid12807907 Other lands 'added' to Brictric's are also recorded on the fief of Humphrey the chamberlain in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 45,1-3;5}}}{\insrsid12807907 . }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Finally, }{\insrsid12807907 Dr}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Williams demonstrates that the past history of Boveridge and Dewlish in Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 10,2. 25,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 identifies their pre-Conquest lord as Brictric son of Algar, while the Brictric who held the royal manors of Bushley, Hanley and Forthampton in Herefordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 1,42-44}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 can be identified by the reference to those manors in the folios of other counties, where }{\insrsid12807907 his byname is recorded}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 \tab Lists of Brictric's manors are given by Clarke, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 English nobility}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 260-62, and Williams, 'West-country magnate', pp. 63-68. }{\insrsid12807907 Dr }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Williams does not include Knighton in Hampshire}{
\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  listed by }{\insrsid12807907 Dr }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 C
larke, who does not include the following manors listed by Williams and included here: Dewlish and Afflington in Dorset; Down St Mary in Devon; the Devonshire holdings acquired by the Clavilles, Ansger of Montacute and Odo son of Gamalin; and Acton and Wi
ckwar in Gloucestershire; neither }{\insrsid12807907 Clarke }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 or Williams include Poltimore. }{\insrsid12807907 Clarke }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
ranks Brictric as the wealthiest untitled layman, only six earls or their wives exceeding his manorial income; the additional manors would raise him above an earl and a Countess.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BRICTRIC [* THE CORNISHMAN *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Brictric, who held a small fief in Cornwall from the Count of Mortain}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 5,23,1-5}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is probab
ly Brictric the Cornishman (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12352791 Walensis}{\insrsid12807907 
), identified by J.H. Round from charters dealing with the land transactions of Brictric's nephew, Bernard the scribe: Round, 'Bernard', pp. 418-20. He is very probably also the one other tenant of this name in the count
y, the Brictric who held parts of the royal manor of Winnianton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 1,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , his holding there at Bojorrow (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12352791 Bodeworwei}{\insrsid12807907 
) possibly being the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12352791 Botwei}{\insrsid12807907  acquired by Bernard: Williams, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4204244 English and the Norman Conquest}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 122-23. Brictric had held two of the manors on his fief in 1066, so he may be the Brictric who according to }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6717044 Exon.}{\insrsid12807907  held Coswarth}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12352791 CON 4,22}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , taken from St Petroc's by the Count of Mortain and held by his (unnamed) men. The Count's tenants were often endowed by him with parts of the royal manor and of the churches. Coun
t Robert had four other Brictrics on his Honour, in Hertfordshire, Buckinghamshire and Suffolk, none of them survivors and all very unlikely to be the Cornishman. Brictric's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 244)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  170.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BRICTSI}{\insrsid12807907 . Brictsi is a moderately common name which occurs twenty-nine times, distributed among fourteen counties a
nd the lands of the king and seventeen of his tenants-in-chief, all but five occurring south of the Thames where all the valuable manors lay; one Brictsi survived.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BRICTSI <OF }{\insrsid12807907 TRESPARRETT}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 I}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 t is }{\insrsid12807907 probable}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  that the }{
\insrsid12807907 predecessor of Iovin the craftsman on a }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 group of three holdings in the neighbourhood of St Gennys }{\insrsid12807907 is the same Brictsi}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 5,7,7-8;10}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . He }{
\insrsid12807907 may be }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 the one other Bricsti in Cornwall, the}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 tenant near the Lizard}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 1,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , though}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the modest scale of their properties and the distance separating them suggests otherwise. The }{\insrsid12807907 latter consideration}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 
applies with greater force to the one other}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Brictsi }{\insrsid12807907 on }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 the }{\insrsid12807907 C}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ount}{\insrsid12807907 's Honour,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 at Itford in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Sussex.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BRICTSI <OF TORWORTH>. Brictsi}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 who}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  shared }{\insrsid12807907 a modest }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
holding at Torworth in Nottinghamshire}{\insrsid12807907  acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2256355 Roger of Bully}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 9,53}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has no links with other Brictsis, all remote}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907  Roger had no other Brictsis on his Honour, and there were no more north of the Trent.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BRICTSI <OF TREMBRAZE>. Brictsi}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 who held}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 part of the royal manor of Winnianton at }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Trembraze}{\insrsid12807907  in Cornwall}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 in 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 1,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 may be}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 the pre-Conquest lord of several manors in the county, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Brictsi of St Gennys}{\insrsid12807907 , though}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the very modest scale of the}{\insrsid12807907 ir}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  properties and the distance separating them suggests otherwise.}{\insrsid12807907  Brictsi is unidentified in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1727758 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 2067).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BRICTSI [* THE NOBLE *]. }{\insrsid12807907 
In view of the distribution of the name and the status of his manors, it is likely that most if not all Brictsis in Kent, Sussex and Surrey are Brictsi the noble, so-named as having full jurisdiction in western Kent}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN D25}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and on his manors of Lullingstone, Plumstead and Seal in the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 5,8;21;26}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and at Stoke d'Abernon in Surrey}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUR 19,32}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. The Kentish manors devolved on Odo of Bayeux, who held the remaining manors of a Brictsi in Kent, at Greenwich and Horton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 5,18;29}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. He also acquired from Brictsi Hatcham in Surrey}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUR 5,10}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, a mile from Greenwich and five from Plumstead; Hatcham and Greenwich were subinfeudated to the bishop of Lisieux. The other manors of Brictsi in Surrey were held by Walter son of Other in 1086, at Compton and Horsley}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUR 22,1;5}}}{\insrsid12807907 
; both are substantial, Horsley being seven miles from Stoke d'Abernon.
\par \tab In Sussex the allocation of each of the Rapes to a single tenant-in-chief obliterated much of the Anglo-Saxon tenurial pattern on which identifications are often based; but the Brictsi who held the valuable manors of Stoke and Thakeham}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUS 11,67. 13,49}}}{\insrsid12807907  is more likely to be Brictsi the noble than a second magnate of this name. He possibly held the one remaining manor in the county, at Itford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 10,11}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, acquired by the Count of Mortain. Of the three tenants-in-chief involved, only the Cou
nt and other Brictsis on his Honour, on very modest holdings in Cornwall and most unlikely to be the noble Brictsi. Elsewhere, the most valuable manors devolved upon a number of different tenants-in-chief. Those}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid225041 
 valued at \'a3}{\insrsid12807907 8}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid225041  or more were }{\insrsid12807907 acquired by}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid225041  }{\insrsid12807907 Aelfric Small in Hampshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM NF9,20}}}{\insrsid12807907 , }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid225041 Arnulf of Hesdin in Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 
{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 25,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid225041 , William of Falaise in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 27,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid225041 
, and Aiulf the chamberlain in Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 49,12}}}{\insrsid12807907 , none of whom had other Brictsis on their lands so it is unlikely that these are three separate Brictsis. The very substantial stat
us of the Wiltshire and Somerset manors in particular suggest they may have been held by Brictsi the noble, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3226843 but there are no tenurial or other }{\insrsid12807907 links to underpin an identification. }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid3226843 A list of Brictsi's manors is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13770184 English nobility}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3226843 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3226843 pp. 265-66,
 which attributes all the manors of Brictsi in Kent, Surrey and Sussex to Brictsi the noble}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3226843  }{\insrsid12807907 but no others}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3226843 
; see also Williams, 'Lost worlds', pp. 57-58}{\insrsid12807907 . Dr Clarke ranks Brictsi thirty-third in wealth among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 untitled laymen.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5769547 BRICTWARD. The name Brictward occurs a dozen times, distributed among the four adjacent}{\insrsid12807907  counties of Dorset, Somerset, Wiltshire and Berkshire and 
the lands of the king and six of his tenants-in-chief. Four manors were held by survivors.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BRICTWARD [* THE PRIEST *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Brictward, who held Writhlington among the king's thanes of Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 47,23}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is probably Brictward the priest named in the Geld Roll for the county, the one such tenant there: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3357082 VCH Somerset}{\insrsid12807907 , i. 537. Brictward the priest is recorded among the king's almsmen 
of Dorchester and Bere in Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 24,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  and on the royal manor of Bedwyn in Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 1,23j}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. As the only other Brictward in Domesday in 1086, he very likely the Brictward holding five hides from the bishop of Salisbury at Bishops Canning}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 3,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 . If these identifications ar
e correct, Brictward was a fairly prosperous royal clerk, with land worth more than \'a3
12. There is no indication in these entries that he held land in 1066, though Professor Barlow identifies him as the royal priest at Dorchester and Bere before the Conquest: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14967111 English church, 1000-1066}{
\insrsid12807907 , p. 158. As no pre-Conquest lord is recorded there and Brictward's Wiltshire church had been held by his father, however, this must be regarded as uncertain. It is possible he is the pre-Conquest lord of the substantial manor o
f Merriott (or of Foddington) in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 19,32. 45,15}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, which lie very roughly between his manors of Writhlington and Dorchester and Bere; but neither lord survived on these manors, neither of which have recorded churches or other apparent links with the priest. The priests of Dorset and Wiltshire }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded as different individuals in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (nos. 1360, 1191)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  171; the Brictwards of Bishops Cannings and Writhlington are unidentified (nos. 15311, 16601).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5769547 BRICTWIN. The name Brictwin occurs almost three dozen times, distributed among thirteen}{\insrsid12807907  counties south of the Wash and the lands of seventeen
 tenants-in-chief, with clusters in Dorset and Somerset. Thirteen manors were held by survivors, possibly all by one man.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 BRICTWIN [* THE REEVE *]. Most if not all Brictwins in Dorset }{\insrsid12807907 are probably}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 Brictwin the reeve. Domesday records that Brictwin held seven consecutive manors among the king's thanes in Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 56,35-41}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{\insrsid12807907 named}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 as the reeve on these and four other manors in the Geld Roll for the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 56,9-11;17}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 VCH Dorset}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, iii. 124, 126-27, 143-44, 146-47. The tenant of the abbey of Cerne at Cerne Abbas and Woodsford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 11,1;7}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is probably also the reeve}{\insrsid12807907 , since}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 he survived for two decades, as did the reeve but no other Brictwin in Domesday}{\insrsid12807907  Book}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Like the reeve, he defaulted on his tax payments: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 VCH Dorset}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , iii. 131. Woodsford, which Brictwin 'held at a revenue' according to }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Exon}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
., is flanked by several of the reeve's manors. Probably, though less certainly, the tenant of the bishop of Salisbury at Beaminster}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 3,10}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is the reeve}{
\insrsid12807907 , as}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  the only other Brictwin in Domesday Book to hold land in 1086. It is possible that the three remaining Brictwins in the county are the reeve}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 all their holdings }{\insrsid12807907 being}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  in the same general area of south-western Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 26,11. 33,6. 37,10}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
; however, they are pre-Conquest landowners without specific links to the reeve,}{\insrsid12807907  so are not so-}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 identified here. }{\insrsid12807907 
Brictwin was a sufficiently important local figure to be individually named as an addressee in a royal writ to Bishop Herman, Swein and the king's thanes in Dorset: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15038376 Regesta}{\insrsid12807907 , i. no. 108. His}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  tenancies are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 783) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, p. 170, apart from the tenant of Cerne, identified as another man (no. 777), and Brictwin at Beaminster, who is unidentified (no. 2531).
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BROTHIR. Brothir }{\insrsid12807907 is a rare name which }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 occurs seven times}{\insrsid12807907 , distributed among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 
the four counties of Devon, Cornwall}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , Suffolk and Staffordshire}{\insrsid12807907  and the lands of the king and four of his tenants-in-chief; no }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Brothir }{\insrsid12807907 
survived the Conquest}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BROTHIR <OF BLAXHALL>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, t}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 he Brothir }{\insrsid12807907 who held}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  twelve acre}{\insrsid12807907 s}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  worth two shillings at Blaxhall }{\insrsid12807907 in Suffolk, acquired by Count Alan of Brittany}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 3,89}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 may be the Brothir}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  at Browston}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 1,53}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , some }{
\insrsid12807907 thirty-five}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  miles to the }{\insrsid12807907 north, but there are no}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  links between them.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BROTHIR <OF BROWSTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, t}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 he Brothir }{\insrsid12807907 who held}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 sixty acres}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 worth}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  five shillings}{\insrsid12807907  on the royal manor of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Browston }{\insrsid12807907 in Suffolk}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 before the Conquest}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SU}{\insrsid12807907 F 1,53}}}{\insrsid12807907  may be the Brothir at Blaxhall, }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 some }{\insrsid12807907 thirty-five }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 miles to the south}{\insrsid12807907 ; but there are no}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  links }{\insrsid12807907 between them}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BROTHIR <OF HENFORD>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, t}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 he }{\insrsid12807907 two }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Brothir}{\insrsid12807907 s}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 south of the Thames, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 at Henford in Devon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 17,20}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 and Marhamchurch in Cornwall}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 5,5,5}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\insrsid12807907 thirteen}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  miles apart, }{\insrsid12807907 may be one man, though their}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{
\insrsid12807907 manors devolved}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  upon different tenants-in-chief.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BROTHIR <OF OAKEN>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, t}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 he }{\insrsid12807907 only three }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Brothir}{\insrsid12807907 s}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 north of the Wash, whose manors of Swynnerton, Patshull and Oaken in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Staffordshire}{\insrsid12807907  were}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  acquired by }{
\insrsid12807907 the same tenant-in-chief, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Robert of Stafford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 11,18;44-45}}}{\insrsid12807907 , are very }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 probably }{\insrsid12807907 
one man. His manors are more substantial than those of his southern namesakes.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BRUN.}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Brun}{\insrsid12807907 , or }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6386279 Brune}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  is }{\insrsid12807907 an }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 uncommon}{\insrsid12807907  name which is stated or implied twenty-eight times, distributed among ten counties and the lands of the king and thirteen of his tenants-in-chief, with a cluster in}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Suffolk}{\insrsid12807907 , and smaller ones in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Cheshire,}{\insrsid12807907  Derbyshire, Nottinghamshire; two Bruns survived the Conquest.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BRUN <OF }{\insrsid12807907 BRINSLEY}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >.}{\insrsid12807907  As the name is uncommon, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 it is }{\insrsid12807907 very probable}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  that the Brun}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  whose }{\insrsid12807907 manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 at Strelley, Brinsley and 'Sutton' in Nottinghamshire devolved upon William Peverel }
{\insrsid12807907 are one man}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 10,28;31. 30,55}}}{\insrsid12807907 . They are the only Bruns in the county, and Peverel had no other Bruns elsewhere on his Honour; the vills}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  are within a few miles of each other.

\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BRUN <OF }{\insrsid12807907 SIDDINGTON}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >.}{\insrsid12807907  All Bruns in Cheshire are probably one man, though his manors devolved upon four tenants-in-chief}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907  His five manors lay in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9448684 Hamestan}{\insrsid12807907  Hundred, where Bigot }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9448684 of Les Loges}{\insrsid12807907 
 acquired Norbury and Siddington}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 14,5;7}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Between these two manors lay }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9448684 Chelford}{\insrsid12807907 , Alderley and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9448684 Bramhall}{\insrsid12807907 
, held respectively by Earl Hugh}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 1,30}}}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9448684 William son of Nigel}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 9,28}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Haimo of Mascy}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 13,5}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 in 1086. It is possible that the Cheshire Brun also held 'Ludworth' in Derbyshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 1,30}}}{\insrsid12807907 , a few miles north-east of Norbury and isolated from the o
ther Derbyshire manors held by a Brun; but there are no links to confirm an identification.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9448684 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BRUN }{\insrsid12807907 [* THE REEVE *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907  All Bruns in East Anglia may be one man, Brun the reeve. His manors of Stonham, Baylham and }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8069734 Langedana}{\insrsid12807907  in Bosmere Hundred in Suffolk were acquired by Roger Bigot}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 7,63-66}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, where he is named the reeve of Ipswich under the patronage of the queen on the first of them and as Roger's predecessor on the last two, so he is almost certainly Brun, Bigot's reeve, on the royal manor of Southmere in Norfolk}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NFK 1,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and probably the Brun on another royal manor, Bramford, also in Bosmere Hundred, four miles from Baylham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 1,119}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Aelfric son of Brun (}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8069734 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ), very probably his son, held three manors from the bishop of Bayeux, so it is not unlikely that the reeve is the free man Brun from whom the bishop acquired part of Brantham}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUF 16,43}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Similarly, Leofwin son of Brun, perhaps another son, was a man of Edric of Laxfield}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 6,110}}}{\insrsid12807907 , as was Brun at Grundisburgh}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 67,10}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. The one other Brun in East Anglia preceded Roger of Poitou at Hasketon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 8,8}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, two miles from Grundisburgh. Between them, father and sons are the only Bruns by forename or patronymic in East Anglia.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BURGHARD [* OF MENDLESHAM *]. }{\insrsid12807907 A}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ll }{\insrsid12807907 Burghards in Domesday may be one man, the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Burghard of Mendlesham}{
\insrsid12807907  named just once in the text on a manor of the abbey of Bury St Edmunds as the lord of two men at }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6386279 W}{\insrsid12807907 ickham }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6386279 Skeith}{\insrsid12807907  in Suffolk}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid6386279 SUF 14,152}}}{\insrsid12807907 . The}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  bulk of }{\insrsid12807907 his}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 lie}
{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in }{\insrsid12807907 that county}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 The king }{\insrsid12807907 retained}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 Mendlesham and its dependencies }{\insrsid12807907 himself}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 1,66;76-87}}}{\insrsid12807907  - where}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Burghard is }{\insrsid12807907 evidently}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Burghard of Mendlesham}{\insrsid12807907 
 -}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and probably also a house in Norwich and a holding in Cotton, a vill in which one of the dependencies of Mendlesham lay}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 1,61. SUF 1,95}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
. Burghard }{\insrsid12807907 held a second manor from}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the }{\insrsid12807907 abbey of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Bury St Edmunds, claimed as a dependency of Mendlesham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 14,146}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . The bulk of }{\insrsid12807907 his}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  remaining demesne holdings were acquired by Earl Hugh of Chester}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BUK B4. 13,2-3. NFK}{
\insrsid12807907  6,6. SUF 4,12;24;30-31;35;38}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 At Buckingham}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{\insrsid12807907 where his burgess was acquired by Earl Hugh, he}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 is named Burghard of Shenley}{\insrsid12807907 ;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 and on the earl's fief in the county, he is described as a }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 royal thane and Guard. Alternative bynames are not 
uncommon in Domesday Book, the scribes }{\insrsid12807907 often}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  naming from }{\insrsid12807907 selecting a bynames from a locality with which they were familiar}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. It is improbable that Earl Hugh had two predecessors named Burghard when the name had such a limited tenurial and geographical distribution}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 The lands of Burghard's men were distributed more widely. Some went to the king and to Earl Hugh}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 4,26;28-29;33;35;38-39}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , the remainder being dispersed among several other tenants-in-chief, as was often the case. As there is no clear instance of a second Burghard holding a demesne manor, the overlord of all these men }{\insrsid12807907 is}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  probably Burghard of Mendlesham, a probability supported by a variety of links. Most were acquired by Hugh de Montfort}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 31,21-24;26-30;32-33;35-36}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Their manors included Cotton and Wyverstone, vills in which Burghard had holdings dependant upon Mendlesham; Carlton Colville, Kessingland and }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Hatheburgfelda}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , where he preceded Earl Hugh; and Weston and Willingham, where he preceded Roger Bigot}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 7,42-44}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. Roger Bigot also succeeded Burghard as a tenant of Earl Hugh at Fundenhall in Norfolk and the bishop of Bayeux at Stonham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 6,6. SUF 16,15}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, where Burghard had another holding dependant upon Mendlesham. Two other tenants-in-chief had similar links: Robert Malet - or rather, his mother - acquired a half free man of Burghard's in Thornton Magna}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 6,215}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, where Burghard had yet another holding dependant upon Mendlesham; and the bishop of Bayeux acquired the land of another of Burghard's men, at Helmingham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 16,26}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .
\par \tab Less certainly, Burghard of Mendlesham may be the one remaining Burghard in Domesday Book, with a respectable manor in Witham, acquired by Robert Gernon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 32,3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. Burghard's father (below) held land at Smallands}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 41,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , a couple of }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 away, and many other manors in the county. Burghard (d. 1061) is identified as a son of Earl Algar (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ) by }{\insrsid12807907 Dr}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 Baxter, who also suggests he probably
 held all the manors and men of the Domesday Burghard: 'Death of Burghard', pp. 275-77, 322-23. Since East Anglia was once part of Algar's earldom, the identification helps to explain the distribution of the name Burghard and lends further weight to its a
ttribution to one man. }{\insrsid12807907 
\par Burghard's estate was worth very slightly over \'a351, which}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  would place him comfortably among the hundred wealthiest magnates of Anglo-Saxon England}{\insrsid12807907 , ranking seventy-first if included in }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 English nobility}{\insrsid12807907 ;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 Dr }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Baxter}{\insrsid12807907 's figure is}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  \'a350.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9306705 BURGRED. Burgred is a fairly common }{\insrsid12807907 name which occurs almost fifty times, distributed among seven counties a
nd the lands of the king and thirteen of his tenants-in-chief; but it is rare in the sense that it was probably borne by fewer than half-a-dozen men.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9306705  }{\insrsid12807907 The}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9306705  distribution
}{\insrsid12807907  is skewed}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9306705 , all pre-Conquest}{\insrsid12807907  names falling into one of two groups of adjacent counties: Co
rnwall and Devon, and Bedfordshire, Buckinghamshire and Northamptonshire, where the bulk of the manors and all the most valuable of them occur. Three were held by survivors.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 BURGRED }{\insrsid12807907 [* FATHER OF EDWIN *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 Tenurial and distributional characteristics suggest}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 that all Burgreds in Bedfordshire, Buckinghamshire and Northamptonshire are the royal thane Burgred}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 3,16}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{\insrsid12807907 the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 design
ated predecessor of the bishop of Coutances}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 35,1j}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , who acquired all }{\insrsid12807907 Burgred's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  demesne manors and most of his men in Bedfordshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
BDF 3,1-7;9;13-17}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 5,12-14;16-17}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 4,1-2;4;8-13;15;17;23-24}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{\insrsid12807907 these manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  clustering around the junction of the three counties. As no other Burgred had
 a demesne manor in those counties, he is probably the overlord of men whose manors were acquired by other tenants-in-chief}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 BDF 2}{\insrsid12807907 
,4. 25,6. 54,4. BUK 12,34. 41,3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . At Piddington}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 56,65}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , the bishop of Coutances claimed the holding; and at Weston Underwood}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 BUK 12,34}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , Burgred had other men in the same vill, providing some confirmation.}{\insrsid12807907 
 There are no other Burgreds in the three counties, and none elsewhere on the Honour of the bishop of Coutances. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Burgred and his son Edwin (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
) were between them the most important predecessors of the bishop of Coutances in terms of his assessed land. Burgred had one or two other sons - Ulf}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 12,29}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and Wulfsi}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
BDF 25,5}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  may be scribal variations on one name - who held land in the same area. A list of Burgred's manors is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 English nobility, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
pp. 268-70, which }{\insrsid12807907 does not include }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Burgred's manor of Barton in Northamptonshire}{\insrsid12807907  or}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 those of his men at Bolnhurst, Weston and Dadford. He ranks Burgred and his sons thirty-sixth in wealth among untitled laymen}{\insrsid12807907 ; the additional manors and necessary adjustments to his figures would raise the family two places}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 Dr}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Williams suggests that Burgred was a kinsman of Countess Gytha of Hereford: 'The king's nephew', pp. 336-38.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BURGRED <OF }{\insrsid12807907 AUNK}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 
The six Burgreds in Devon are probably one man, though his manors devolved upon four tenants-in-chief. One man almost certainly held Aunk, Tale and Tedburn, the first two being acquired by Ralph or Pomeroy}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 34,18;22}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and Tedburn by his brother, William the goat}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 19,30}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; the brothers shared other predecessors and tenants. Aunk is less than a mile from Clyst Hydon, the first of Burgred's two manors acquired by Baldwin the sheriff}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
DEV 16,86;172}}}{\insrsid12807907 , the second - Offwell - being seven miles from the sixth manor, at Gatcombe, acquired by the king's servant Ansger}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 51,13}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. There are no other Burgreds in the south-western counties, and no more on the Honours of the tenants-in-chief concerned.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BURGRED <OF COVEN>. }{\insrsid12807907 The Burgreds who held}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 consecutive manors at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Coven and Coppenhall in Staffordshire }{
\insrsid12807907 from}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Robert of Stafford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 11,62-63}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 
are very probably one man, the only Burgred in the county and one of two surviving Burgreds, the other a priest}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in Huntingdonshire. Geoffrey of Coppenhall held two-thirds of a fee from the Honour of Stafford}{
\insrsid12807907  in 1166}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , with Alan of Coven as his subtenant: }{\i\insrsid12807907 Red Book,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 i}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . 267. }{\insrsid12807907 
Burgred's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 3619)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{
\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  171.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BURGRED <OF }{\insrsid12807907 TREGOLE}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, the Burgreds whose manors of Tregole and Trewint in Cornwall were acquired by the Count of Mortain}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
CON 5,23,2. 5,26,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  are likely to be one man; both manors are in Stratton Hundred.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BURGRED [* THE PRIEST *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Burgred, who held a church with Thorkil in Huntingdon for two decades, is identified as a priest in the entry for }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15601209 Botuluesbrige}{
\insrsid12807907 , where the church is named as St Mary's}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HUN B12. 19,9}}}{\insrsid12807907 . He is the only Burgred to survive for that p
eriod, though a Staffordshire Burgred held two manors in 1086. The name Burgred does not occur elsewhere in the county. His church is recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 6789)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
 and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  169.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \cbpat8 {\cf1\insrsid12807907 "BUTER"}{\insrsid12807907  <OF PICKWELL>}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 . }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8938287 Buter}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907 , who held the substantial manor of Pickwell and its dependencies in Leicestershire from }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8938287 Geoffrey of la Guerche}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 LEC 29,10-12;}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8938287 21}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 , is evidently the }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8938287 Buterius}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  who witnessed Geoffrey's foundation charter for Monks Kirby priory }{\insrsid12807907 in 1077}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid7437073 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7437073 Monasticon}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7437073 , vi}{\insrsid12807907 /ii}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7437073 . 996, no. 1}{\insrsid12807907 
. His name does not occur elsewhere in Domesday Book. His manor is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 8325)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  172, but not i
ts dependencies, which are assigned to the tenant-in-chief.}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8938287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid4984231 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 CADIO}{\insrsid12807907 . Cadio is a rare name which occurs five times, 
distributed among four counties and as tenants on the lands of three tenants-in-chief.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2899822 CADIO <OF ASTON>. As the name is rare, the Cadios who held Ilbury in Oxfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 27,7}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2899822  and Aston and Stoke in Staffordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 11,9-10}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2899822 
 from Robert of Stafford are }{\insrsid12807907 very }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2899822 probably }{\insrsid12807907 one}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2899822  man. }{\insrsid12807907 
It is improbable that he is the same man as his namesake on a near-peasant holding in Lincolnshire or on a modest manor in Devon, some 250 miles away. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2899822 His manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2899822 Coel}
{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2899822  (no. 2975) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2899822 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2899822 , p. 172.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2899822 CADIO <OF BROUGHTON>. Cadio}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2899822  who held six bovates ploughed by as many oxen at Broughton in Lincolnshire from Count Alan of Brittany}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2899822  has no links with other Cadios}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 12,47}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2899822 . His manor is recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2899822 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2899822  (no. 3004) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2899822 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2899822 , p. 172, where it is suggested he }{\insrsid12807907 might}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2899822  be the }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2899822 Gladiou}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2899822  with a small holding from William of Warenne in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 22,13}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2899822 .}{
\insrsid12807907  The very modest dimensions of the Lincolnshire holding appear to make this unlikely, even if the names were identical.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2899822 CADIO <OF DUNSLAND>. Cadio}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2899822  who held Dunsland in Devon from Baldwin the sheriff}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 16,16}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2899822  has no links with his namesakes, over two hundred miles away. His manor is recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2899822 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2899822  (no. }{\insrsid12807907 929}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2899822 ) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2899822 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2899822 , p. 172}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 CEOLRED. The name Ceolred occurs four times, twice in Somerset and twice in Warwickshire}{\insrsid12807907 ; none survived the Conquest.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 CEOLRED <OF FODDINGTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, the Ceolreds whose manors of Bradon and Foddington}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  were acquired by the Count of Mortain}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 19,23;67}}}{
\insrsid12807907  are probably one man. He has no links with his Midlands namesake.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 CEOLRED <OF SHUTTINGTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, t}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 he Ceolred}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 whose manors of}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Shuttington}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 16,22}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and Baddesley}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 17,16}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 devolved respectively upon the Count of Meulan and Thorkil of Warwick}{\insrsid12807907  are probably one man}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 The two}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 fiefs shared a number of predecessors and tenants}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and the two vills }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  six miles apart}{\insrsid12807907 . Ceolred has no}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  links with the distant and equally modest properties in Somerset.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par CEOLRIC <OF BRADON>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 With the possible exception of a free man in Suffolk, all Ceolrics in Domesday Book occur in Somerset and so are very likely to be one man despite his lands devol
ving upon four tenants-in-chief in 1086. All five manors are of roughly comparable status and lie in the two Hundreds of 'Abdick' and Williton. Two of the manors were held from Muchelney abbey, one in each Hundred, one being held in 1066}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SOM 9,2}}}{\insrsid12807907  the other twenty years later}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 9,6}}}{\insrsid12807907 , thereby linking the Hundreds and the pre-Conquest lords elsewhere}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 21,2. 36,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 with the one other survivor, who held Bradon among the king's thanes according to }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13835460 Exon}{\insrsid12807907 .}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 47,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. The tenant at Drayton is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13835460 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 14682), while Bradon is assigned to the tenant-in-chief, Harding.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par CEOLRIC <OF LETHERINGHAM>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5315169 Gelric}{\insrsid12807907 , named as a free man at Letheringham in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 32,14}}}{\insrsid12807907  in the }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6126100 Inquisitio Eliensis}{\insrsid12807907  (ed. Hamilton, p. 151), may be a scribal error for Ceolric: von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12721020 Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907 
, p. 214. He is the only Ceolric in eastern England, very unlikely to be the same man as his one namesake, in Somerset.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid663229 [* PRINCESS *] CHRISTINA.}{\insrsid12807907 
 The tenant-in-chief Christina, whose two fiefs included the very valuable manor of Broadwell (\'a331) in Oxfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 54,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  and valuable manors at Ulverley and Itchington in Warwickshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR B2. 42,1-3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, acquired from Earl Algar and his son Edwin, is very probably Princess Christina, sister of Prince Edgar and of St Margaret, queen of Scotland. Itchington had been the most valuable of all, for 'w}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14702598 
hen the King gave it to Christina it paid \'a336}{\insrsid12807907 '. She became a nun at Romsey at about the time of the Domesday Survey: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid663229 Chronicle of John of Worcester}{\insrsid12807907 
, iii. 44-45. Her name does not occur elsewhere in Domesday Book. Her manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 
(no. 3492)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  176-77.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 CLARENBALD. Clarenbald }{\insrsid12807907 
is a rare name which }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 occurs four times}{\insrsid12807907 , distributed among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  four counties}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  as many tenants-in-chief}{
\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  three different dates.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 CLARENBALD <OF BOTTESFORD>. Clarenbald}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 who held}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Bottesford in Leicestershire}{\insrsid12807907  from }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Robert of Tosn}{\insrsid12807907 y}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 15,15}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 has no links with}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 his namesakes in Essex and Suffolk, or }{\insrsid12807907 with }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Clarenbald of Le Marais}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 19,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who appears to have }{\insrsid12807907 died or left the country}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  by the date of the }{\insrsid12807907 Domesday }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Survey}{\insrsid12807907 . }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Clarenbald}{\insrsid12807907 's manor is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 9363)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  173.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 CLARENBALD <OF HAVERHILL>. Clarenbald}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 who preceded}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Tihel of Hell\'e9
an on a modest holding at Haverhill in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 42,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  is }{\insrsid12807907 the one pre-Conquest lord of this name; he has no links with}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 his post-Conquest namesakes.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 CLARENBALD <OF RIVENHALL>. Clarenbald}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 who held}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Rive}{\insrsid12807907 nhall in Essex from Swein of Essex}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
ESS 24,44}}}{\insrsid12807907 , has no links with}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  his }{\insrsid12807907 continental }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 namesakes}{\insrsid12807907 , the nearest some 150 miles away}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{
\insrsid12807907  His manor is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 1848)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{
\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  173.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 CLARON }{\insrsid12807907 [* FATHER OF ARNOLD *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . The name Claron occurs twice, }{\insrsid12807907 each time }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 as a tenant of Roger of Bully}{
\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  at Markham and Elkesley }{\insrsid12807907 - four miles apart - }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 in Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 NTT 9,28}{
\insrsid12807907 ;32}}}{\insrsid12807907 , so almost certainly held by one man, the Claron who witnessed Roger's foundation charter for Blyth priory and whose son Arnold subsequently witnessed a grant to Workshop priory: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7039059 Cartulary of Blyth priory}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 209; Stenton, 'Domesday survey of Nottinghamshire', pp. 225-26.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  It has been suggested that }{\insrsid12807907 his}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  name may be a variant of Clarenbald (Forssner, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Continental-Germanic }{\i\insrsid12807907 personal names}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , pp. 54-55); but, if so, there }{
\insrsid12807907 are no}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  link}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  between }{\insrsid12807907 him}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and the four Clarenbalds recorded in Domesday Book. }{
\insrsid12807907 His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 3715)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{
\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907 
 173-74, where it is suggested he is }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 'possibly' Clarenbald of Lisores}{\insrsid12807907 , from}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Lisores}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 in }{\insrsid12807907 Lower 
}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Normandy (Calvados: arrondissement Lisieux).}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 CNUT. }{\insrsid12807907 Apart from references to K
ing Cnut and two forenames names in Suffolk, all Cnuts occur in the four adjacent counties of Derbyshire, Nottinghamshire, Lincolnshire and Yorkshire, and are particularly numerous in Yorkshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
 A Reginald and Walter Cnut occur south of the Wash. No Cnuts survived the Conquest.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2193864 CNUT <OF METHLEY>. Cnut, predecessor of Ilbert of Lacy at Methley in the West Riding of}{\insrsid12807907  Yorkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 9W94}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 might be Cnut son of Karli; but since Methley lies within the Honour of Pontefract, his identity cannot be tested against normal tenurial relationships. Ilbert had many Gamals on his Honour; but most were survivors and so cannot be Karli's son, wh
o was assassinated in 1073: Fletcher, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11035583 Bloodfeud}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 189-90. None of Karli's other sons appear within the Honour, so if Methley was held by Cnut son of Karli then his manor was an outlier at some distance from other family properties.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 CNUT <OF MISSON>. Cnut}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 who held land worth eight}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  shillings at Misson in Nottinghamshire }{\insrsid12807907 
acquired by Ernwin the priest}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 30,43}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 has no links with other Cnuts}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 CNUT <OF SANDIACRE>. Cnut}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who shared Sandiacre in Derbyshire}{\insrsid12807907  with two other landowners}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 
before the Conquest}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 17,15}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 has no with links with other Cnuts}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , the nearest some fifty miles away.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 CNUT <OF TUDDENHAM>. Cnut, who held the substantial manor of Tuddenham in Suffolk in 1066, is }{\insrsid12807907 almost certainly}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  the overlord Cnut in the following entry}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUF 28,3-4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , these being the only Cnuts in southern England. He has no apparent links with his namesakes in Derbyshire and further north. His holdings were acquired by Eudo the steward.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4984231 CNUT [* SON OF KARLI *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Most Cnuts in northern England are probably 
one of the sons of Karli whose blood-feud with the earls of Northumbria culminated in the massacre of the family at Settrington in the winter of 1073-1074 on the orders of Earl Waltheof. He is almost certainly the Cnut whose manor of Rise in Yorkshire was
 acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11035583 Drogo of la Beuvri\'e8re}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 14E33}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Rise being the family's ancestral home: Fletcher, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11035583 Bloodfeud}{
\insrsid12807907 , pp. 122-24, 175-76. Drogo probably also acquired Catfoss from him}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 14E37}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Rise and Catfoss both passing through the hands of William Malet}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS CE38-39}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and both lying in Holderness where Cnut's grandfather was a 'Hold', after which Holderness is named: Williams, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4204244 English and the Norman Conquest}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 30-31. As Malet was dead by 1069, the manors were lost by Cnut at an early date, before the massacre which he alone of those present survived, 'spared because of his innate goodness'; no Cnuts are recorded as holding land in 1086.
\par \tab Cnut probably also held Thorpe Bassett}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 1E45}}}{\insrsid12807907 , shared with Gamal (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4023044 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
) - one of his brothers - and later granted to the abbey of St Albans by Berengar of Tosny (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6100817 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ), who acquired the bulk of the manors of Karli's eldest son, Thorbrand (}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4023044 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ) and some other family holdings}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13251585 : Farrer, 'Domesday survey of Yorkshire', p. 160. I}{\insrsid12807907 
t is also likely that he is the Cnut at Swinton, Low Hutton, Wiganthorpe and Cranswick, his brothers holding other manors in those vills}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 1N68;85;89. 5E39}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, and also at Brandsby}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 23N27}}}{\insrsid12807907 , acquired by Hugh son of Baldric who succeeded Thorbrand at Cawton, six miles away. Four of these five manors lay in the north-western wapentakes of 'Bulford' and }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4023044 
Maneshou}{\insrsid12807907  so it is not unl
ikely (given that his name is uncommon) that he is the Cnut whose manors of Habton, Ryton, Amotherby, Appleton, Hindley and Raskelf were waste and untenanted in 1086, left in the king's hands and so without the lordship detail which would aid identificati
on}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 
\tab YKS 1N59-60;62;69;90;103}}}{\insrsid12807907 . He may also be the one other Cnut in this area, whose manor in the lost vill of }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4023044 Berghebi}{\insrsid12807907 
 in the small wapentake of 'Yarlestre' - between 'Bulford' and }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4023044 Maneshou}{\insrsid12807907  - was acquired by William of Percy}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 13N16}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 who obtained several other manors from Karli's family. P
ercy was established in Yorkshire by 1069 and profited at the expense of the principal leaders of the northern rebellions of 1068-1069, among whom the 'four sons of Karli' were prominent according to Orderic Vitalis (ii. 222-23).
\par \tab Karli's son may also be the Cnut who held the remaining manors in the East Riding. East Cottingwith}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 5E10}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 was acquired by the Count of Mortain who also had Cnut's manor of Cranswick (above) from Cnut, the only Cnuts on his Honour. It is likely, too, that it is Karli's son who had 'full jurisdiction, market rights and all customary dues' in York}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
YKS C36}}}{\insrsid12807907 , appropriate to his family's status and on the way between his manors in the East and North Ridings. Probably, though less certainly, he is also the Cnut who preceded}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2193864 
 Gilbert Tison at Kirk Ella, Anlaby and}{\insrsid12807907  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2193864 Chrachetorp}{\cs23\i\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 21E1-3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. The manors are likely to have been held by one man since they form a tight group in Hessle wapentake, at no great distance from Rise and the family base in Holderness. More specifically, there are grounds for believing that Gilber
t acquired land from Cnut's brother Gamal (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6754610 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ) in Craven, and just possibly all his manors in Craven from Karli's family. The one other Cnut in the East Riding held Boynton in Hunthow wapentake}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
YKS 1E15}}}{\insrsid12807907 , a wapentake in which many manors were held Gamal and Karli. Finally, Cnut may be the predecessor of Count Alan of Brittany at Scruton, Aysgarth and Clifton-on-Ure}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 6N58;82;119}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, the three remaining manors in the north-west of the North Riding. Count Alan appears to have obtained several manors from other family members, Gamal and Karli.
\par \tab Count Alan also succeeded a Cnut at Spridlington in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 12,42}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, one of three Cnuts in the county, all of whom are very probably Karli's son. All three manors lay close to each other in 'Aslacoe' wapentake, the other two - Cammeringham and Hackthorn - being acquired by Kolsveinn of Lincoln}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN
 26,10;16}}}{\insrsid12807907  who also succeeded to Ingham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4023044 LIN 26,11}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, less than a mile from Cammeringham, the one manor in 'Aslacoe' held by Sumarlithi, another of Karli's sons, his name sufficiently rare as to make his identification all-but-certain.
\par \tab As the family is prominent in the history of the north in the eleventh-century and took a leading role in the revolt against Norman rule, its members were presumably major landowners, so the scale of landholding suggested by these identifications 
is not implausible. If the bulk of them are correct, then the manorial income of Cnut and his family was in excess of \'a3
100 in 1066, though in Yorkshire the assessment of their lands - more than 600 hides - is probably a better guide to their status. If included in Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13251585 English nobilit}{\insrsid12807907 
y, their manorial income would rank them among the three dozen wealthiest untitled laymen; in assessed land, they were exceeded among laymen only by the royal family and some earls.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13319503 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \cbpat8 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid11361229 COLA. Cola is a fairly common }{\insrsid12807907 name which occurs}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11361229  }{
\insrsid12807907 more than}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11361229  }{\insrsid12807907 fo}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11361229 r}{\insrsid12807907 ty}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11361229  times, distributed among}{\insrsid12807907 
 the lands of twenty-three tenants-in-chief and fifteen counties between Cornwall and Yorkshire, most of them south}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11361229  of a line from the Severn to the Wash. Ten manors were held by survivors.}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 COLA [* NEPHEW OF KOLSVEINN *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Cola, who held a manor at Barlings in Lincolnshire in 1066}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
LIN 26,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 , the only Cola in the county, is identified as a nephew of Kolsveinn of Lincoln (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15601209 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ) in an entry for the city of Lincoln}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15601209 
LIN C22}}}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 COLA <OF HELE>. The name Cola occurs five times in Cornwall, three in Devon, but nowhere else within a hundred }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . It is likely that the fi
ve Cornish manors belonged to one man in 1066, who survived as a tenant of the Count of Mortain at Hele}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 CON 5,24,}{\insrsid12807907 3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, adjacent to Week St Mary, one of the other four manors, all of which had devolved upon Richard son of Turolf}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 5,3,5;8;18;23}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . The three Devonshire holdings were acqu
ired by three tenants-in-chief and may have been held by different individuals, though that at Henscott in north Devon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 3,12}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 is fairly close to Week and Hele. Cola's tenancy is recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 246) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, pp. 174-75, where it is suggested he may be Cola Rigenson, a burgess of Launceston priory recorded in its cartulary.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 COLA <OF HONLEY>. Cola}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who}{\insrsid12807907 se}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  shared holding at Honley in Yorkshire }{\insrsid12807907 
was acquired by Ilbert of Lacy}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 YKS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15352505 9}{\insrsid12807907 W}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15352505 107}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is the only Cola in Yorkshire,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  
}{\insrsid12807907 with}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 no links with his namesakes in Derbyshire and Lincolnshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907  Ilbert has no other Colas on his Honour.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 COLA <OF WINSTER>. As the name is uncommon in the north, the Colas who held Winster and Yeldersley from Henry of Ferrers}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 6,2;45}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, and preceded him at 'Soham'}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 6,10}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{\insrsid12807907 are probably}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  one man, who is perhaps also the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Colle}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 of Kniveton, Youlgrave and Harthill}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 4,2. 6,76. 10,18}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . The name-form }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Colle}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 is unique to these three entries; and although recorded as a separate name - Kolli - by von Feilitzen, it is likely here to be a scribal variant of Cola (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Cola}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Cole}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ): }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, p. 307. Like Cola, the name is borne both by a pre-Conquest lord and a post-Conquest tenant, two of the three manors also occurring on the lands of Henry of Ferrers; the third, at Harthill, being adjacent to the manor of Youlgrave he acquired from }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Colle}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . The Mountjoy (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Munchoye}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
) family later had an interest in Winster, Youlgrave and Yeldersley, in part at least acquired from a Robert son of Col, whom Statham suggests was the son of the Domesday Cola: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Book of Fees}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 993; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Derbyshire charters}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, nos. 2620, 2716; Statham, 'Notes on Domesday tenants', pp. 178-80. Dr Keats-Rohan suggests he is the Cola who held land among the royal thanes of Berkshire in 1086, perhaps on the basis that Ferrers was a significant 
landowner in that county, with land in several vills clustering around Cola's manors in Ginge and Hendred. This is not implausible; but if Statham is correct in his identification, the Derbyshire Cola had direct descendants and the Berkshire Cola did not.
 On balance, it is more likely that the Berkshire Cola is Cola the hunter. The Derbyshire manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 1663) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 174.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 COLA [* THE HUNTER SON OF WULFGEAT *]. The Cola}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  among the }{\insrsid12807907 king's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  thanes of Berkshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
BRK 65,10;13}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 67,42}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  1086 }{\insrsid12807907 may be}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Cola the hunter, }{
\insrsid12807907 named}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  among the thanes of Hampshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 69,32;52}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , si}{\insrsid12807907 nce he is the only Cola in the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 three counties who held land in 1086, there being only four other such elsewhere in England, their properties tiny or remote and without links to the hunter. He }{\insrsid12807907 may}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  also }{\insrsid12807907 be }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 the Cola who claimed a mill at Ardington, in Wantage Hundred}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  where the thane's holdings lay}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 41,5}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
. On one of the two Hampshire }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , his father is named as Wulfgeat, probably Wulfgeat the hunter (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 )}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  with comparable holdings in Dorset, Hampshire and Wiltshire.
\par \tab All the }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in Berkshire, Hampshire and Wiltshire were held by different families when their descent is first apparent; but it is unlikely that this is a reliable clue to }{\insrsid12807907 
the identity of the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Domesday }{\insrsid12807907 tenants}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . The most substantial}{\insrsid12807907  manor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , at Hendred in Berkshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
BRK 65,13}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , was in the hands of the Marmion family from an early date, possibly as early as 1097, certainly by the 1120s (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Historia Ecclesie Abbendonensis}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , i}{\insrsid12807907 i.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  48-49; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 Regesta}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , ii. no. 1575), while Ginge}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 65,10}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  was held by two other, apparently unrelated, Normans by the early twelfth century: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VCH Berkshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , iv. 304. }{\insrsid12807907 I}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 t is }{\insrsid12807907 unlikely, however,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  that Hendred and Ginge were held by different }{\insrsid12807907 men}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in 1086 since these are the only two }{
\insrsid12807907 Colas}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in the county, and both were survivors among the royal thanes, holding in }{\insrsid12807907 vills}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  barely two miles apart. }{\insrsid12807907 
It is more likely that they were subject to escheat, forfeiture}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  or descent through heiresses, in any of which cases the descent of the Hampshire and Wiltshire }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 to other families is inconclusive: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VCH Hampshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , iv. 563. See also Golding, 'Introduction}{\insrsid12807907  to the Hampshire Domesday',}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 p. 25; Williams, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4204244 English and the Norman Conquest}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , pp. 115-16.}{\insrsid12807907  The }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Hampshire }{\insrsid12807907 manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 attributed to Cola the hunter in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 398)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  174}{\insrsid12807907 ; those in Berkshire to}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 another }{\insrsid12807907 man (no. 1663); the Wiltshire tenant}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 is }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 unidentified}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 17155)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 

\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 COL}{\insrsid12807907 BERT.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 Colbert is a rare name which occurs only in the three widely separated counties of Devon, Cheshire and Lincolns
hire, though Colbern, named Colbert in the list of landholders, held a fief in Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 45,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. The names Fridebern/Fridebert, Ketilbiorn/Ketilbert, Osbern/Osbert and Thorbert/Thorbiorn also appear to be interchangeable, though recognised as separate names.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 COL}{\insrsid12807907 BERT}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 <OF UPTON>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
 The four Colberts in Cheshire are probably one man. His manors of Wervin, Upton and Noctorum in the Wirral peninsular devolved upon }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8390723 William Malbank}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 8,4;8;10}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, Wervin lying approximately midway between Upton and the adjacent vill of Noctorum and the fourth manor at Burwardsley, acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8390723 Robert son of Hugh}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 2,21}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Colbert retained Upton as Malbank's tenant. It is improbable that he is the same man as the Lincolnshire or Devonshire Colberts. He is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1727758 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 28781).}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid8390723 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 COLEMAN. }{\insrsid12807907 
The name Coleman occurs twenty-one times, distributed among nine counties and the lands of a dozen tenants-in-chief. The name is almost entirely confined to southern England, with one small cluster in East Anglia; one Coleman survived.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 COLEMAN <OF SUTTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 The one Coleman in northern England, with a tiny holding at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Sutton in Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 30,18}}}{\insrsid12807907 , has no link
s with his namesakes. It is unclear as to whether he survived on his holding}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 COLNE}{\insrsid12807907 "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  [* FATHER OF EDRIC *]. Colne}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held Longstone in Derbyshire before the Conquest}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
DBY 6,72}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  is probably the father of Edric}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who had a church in Derby }{\insrsid12807907 in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  1066}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
DBY B8}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . The name-forms (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Coln}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ) are unique in Domesday}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  though they }{\insrsid12807907 may}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  equate to the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Colne}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held Parwich after the Conquest}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 1,15}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , another u
nique form. The rarity of the forms m}{\insrsid12807907 ight}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  suggest they belonged to one individual; but since the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Coln}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 of Derby had been succeeded by his son, this less likely. }{\insrsid12807907 Etymologists}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  are uncertain of the derivation of }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Coln/Colne}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
, von Feilitzen}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 suggesting that it is possibly an error for }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Colle}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  (Kolli)}{\insrsid12807907 : }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid15150746 von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid12807907 Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 218}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Since this form, too, is unique to Derbyshire, }{\insrsid12807907 the suggestion is persuasive
}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . However, the arguments for identifying the Derbyshire }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Colles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  as Cola of Winster do not apply to }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Coln/Colne}{
\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 who}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  are treated here as separate individuals. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11352544 Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid12807907 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , pp. 174, 185, suggests }{\insrsid12807907 he}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  may be Colne of Parwich.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 COLNE}{\insrsid12807907 "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  <OF PARWICH>. The name-forms }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Coln/Colne}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  occur three times, all in Derbyshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 DBY B8. 1,15}{\insrsid12807907 . 6,72}}}{\insrsid12807907 , so possibly borne by one man}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . However, Colne son of Edric had been succeeded by his son in one entry}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
DBY B8}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and so is}{\insrsid12807907  un}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 likely to be the Colne who held the once substantial manor Parwich from the king}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 1,15}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in 1086}{
\insrsid12807907 . I}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 t has been suggested that he may be the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Colle}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  - another form unique to Derbyshire - here identified as Cola of Winster. }{
\insrsid12807907 Colne's manor of Parwich is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 8729)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}
{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  174.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 COLWIN [* THE REEVE *]. }{\insrsid12807907 It is very likely that all Colwins in Domesday Book are C
olwin the reeve, named in the Geld Roll for Hartland Hundred in Devon as owing tax on half a virgate, his holding at Alminstone in that Hundred}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 42,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 : }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1459480 Devonshire Domesday}{\insrsid12807907 , i. p. xiv. As a survivor and royal official, he is probably the Colwin stated in the text to hold eight consecutive manors among the king's thanes in the county}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
DEV 52,1-8}}}{\insrsid12807907 , characteristics which also identify him as the Colwin whose remaining manors are associated with Baldwin the sheriff, with whom he administered the estate of the late Queen Edith in Exeter}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid3892296 DEV C2}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and farmed the royal manor of Lifton, probably under Baldwin}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 1,25}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. He was Baldwin's tenant at 'Guscott' and Woolleigh}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 16,13;41}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and preceded him at Stockleigh}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 16,37}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. This is the one Colwin who did not retain a manor he held in 1066; but since the reeve did, there 
is little reasons too doubt this Colwin is also the reeve. There are no other Colwins in Domesday Book. Like other officials whose administrative know-how was useful, Colwin prospered from the Conquest in a modest way. His manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 804)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  175.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10963315 CORBIN [* OF AGNEAUX *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The name }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10963315 Corbin }{\insrsid12807907 occurs }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10963315 twice}{\insrsid12807907  in Domesday Book}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid10963315 , both times as a tenant of the bishop of Bayeux, }{\insrsid12807907 on substantial manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10963315 at Peckham in Kent}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 5,59}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10963315 
 and Atherstone in Warwickshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 4,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10963315 , }{\insrsid12807907 both evidently the same man}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10963315 . }{\insrsid12807907 Dr }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10963315 
Keats-Rohan discusses the charter evidence for }{\insrsid12807907 his}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10963315  origins}{\insrsid12807907 , from}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10963315  Agneaux }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 in }{\insrsid12807907 Lower }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Normandy }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10963315 (Manche: arrondissement Sainte-L\'f4), where his family was associated with the bishop of Bayeux}{\insrsid12807907 . His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{
\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 1931)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  176.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3096407 CROC [* THE HUNTER *]. The forename }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3096407 Croc}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3096407  is confined to Hampshire and Wiltshire}{\insrsid12807907  and to landholders in 1086}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid3096407 . Croc the hunter held a small fief in Hampshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3096407 HAM 60}{\insrsid12807907 ,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3096407 
 as did Reginald son of Croc, }{\insrsid12807907 perhaps}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3096407  his son. The }{\insrsid12807907 other}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3096407  Crocs, tenants }{\insrsid12807907 of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3096407  four }{
\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3096407  in Wiltshire, are probably }{\insrsid12807907 the same man. One of the four}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3096407 , at North Tidworth}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 24,14. 68,14}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3096407 , is }{
\insrsid12807907 less than a mile away,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3096407  across the county boundary from South Tidworth, held by the Hampshire }{\insrsid12807907 Croc}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3096407 ; another, at Collingbourne Kingston, }{
\insrsid12807907 five}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3096407  miles away}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 10,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3096407 . Bradenstock}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 68,31}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 is in the north of the county, some twenty-five}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3096407  miles }{\insrsid12807907 
distant; but as Croc was the witness or addressee of several royal writs concerning land in Berkshire, his reach was not confined to the area around the Tidworths: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12131596 Historia Ecclesie Abbendonensis}{\insrsid12807907 
, ii. 36-37, 122-23, 138-39}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3096407 . }{\insrsid12807907 Both Tidworth and Bradenstoke were held as a royal servant. Croc has left his name of the landscape, at Crux Easton, one of his Hampshire manors}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
HAM 60,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 . His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 396)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}
{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  177.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par CULLING THE BURGESS}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907  It is probable that the Culling who had two}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16470759  houses and }{\insrsid12807907 seven}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16470759  acres}{\insrsid12807907 
 in Colchester}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS B3a}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 is the same burgess as the even more prosperous Culling with a church and twenty-six acres in Ipswich, they being the only two Cullings in Domesday Book. The name may be the same as the equally rare Kollung, but it is unlikel
y that either of the minor rural landowners in Shropshire and Derbyshire bearing this name are the same man as the burgess.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16470759 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \cbpat8 {\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid4984231 CYNERIC.}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
 Cyneric is a rare name, which occurs once in Northamptonshire and six times in Suffolk, on the lands of four tenants-in-chief there; all seven names borne by pre-Conquest landowners.}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid4984231 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid4984231 CYNERIC}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  <OF BRADDEN>}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid4984231 .}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  It seems unlikely that the predecessor of }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid14239088 Robert of Bucy}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907  at on the fairly substantial manor of Bradden in Northamptonshire}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 NTH 30,17;19}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  is the same Cyneric 
as his Suffolk namesake on several modest holdings in Suffolk, roughly a hundred miles away, the only other Cyneric in Domesday Book.}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid4984231 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid4984231 CYNERIC}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  <OF DARMSDEN>}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid4984231 .}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
 The six Cynerics in Suffolk may be one man, though his holdings were acquired by four tenants-in-chief. Those at Middleton, Occold and Bedingfield probably are, being dependants of Edric of Laxfield, predecessor of Robert Malet}{
\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 
\tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 SUF 4,15. 77,2-3}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 . At Middleton, Roger Bigot stepped into Cyneric's shoes as a tenant of Earl Hugh of Chester there, while acquiring Cyneric's holding in Grimston as tenant-in-chief}{
\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 
\tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 SUF 7,99}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 , and part of his manor of Darmsden illegally}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid14239088 SUF 3,57}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 . The remaining holding at Battisford, held by }{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid14239088 Eudo son of Spirewic}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  in 1086}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid14239088 SUF 53,3}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
, is four miles from Darmsden. With the possible exception of this last property, it is likely that the dispersion of Cyneric's holdings is a consequence of the revolt associated with Earl Ralph Wader in 1075.
 The ensuing forfeitures are mentioned in two of the entries}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid14239088 SUF 3,57}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 . 4,15}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
, and the tenants-in-chief involved were all in dispute about other manors forfeited by Earl Ralph and his followers.}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid14239088 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 CYNESI <OF HUISH>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Cynesi }{\insrsid12807907 whose}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 modest holding at '}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Huish}{\insrsid12807907 '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in Somerset }{\insrsid12807907 was acquired by Walter of Douai}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 24,35}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 might be his one namesake, in Cornwall; but there is no link to confirm this}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 CYNESI <OF WILLSWORTHY>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Cynesi }{\insrsid12807907 whose}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 modest holding at }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Will}{\insrsid12807907 sworthy in Cornwall}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 was acquired by the Count of Mortain}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 5,4,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 might be the one other Cynesi, in Somerset; but there is no link to confirm this}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 CYNESTAN <OF }{\insrsid12807907 BROADWOODWIDGER}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. Th}{\insrsid12807907 e}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  name Cynestan occurs four times}{\insrsid12807907  in Domesday Book}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , twice as }{\insrsid12807907 pred}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ecessor of Reginald of Vautortes }{\insrsid12807907 on consecutive manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 at Appledore and Bicton in Cornwall}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
CON 5,2,25-26}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and twice }{\insrsid12807907 as a predecessor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  of Iudhael of Totnes at Broadwoodwidger and Downicary in Devon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 17,5;7}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . In each case}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  are within a mile or two of each other}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  so probabl}{\insrsid12807907 y}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  held by }{\insrsid12807907 one man}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Whether it was the same }{\insrsid12807907 man}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 in both }{\insrsid12807907 counties}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  is less certain; but }{\insrsid12807907 as }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 the name }{\insrsid12807907 is very rare, and the manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{
\insrsid12807907 - some}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  twenty miles}{\insrsid12807907  apart - not insubstantial, it is perhaps more likely than not that one man held in both counties}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 CYN}{\insrsid12807907 WY}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 [* CHELLE *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 As his name is rare and all his manors substantial, the Cynwy (}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4260056 Chenui}{\insrsid12807907 ) whose manors of Ashton Gifford in Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 27,14}}}{\insrsid12807907  and 'Ash' in Oxfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 24,6}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 were acquired by Humphrey de l'Isle and Henry of Ferrers is likely to be the royal thane, Cynwy Chelle, whose manors of Arlington and Saintbury in Gloucestershire were held by the king and Hascoit Musard in 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 1,58. 66,1}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907  There are no other Cynwys in Domesday Book though the name might be confused with the even rarer Cynewin (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4260056 Chenui}{\i\insrsid12807907 n}{\insrsid12807907 
), one of whom - there are two - held the valuable manor of Chitterne before the Conquest}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4260056 WIL 24,23}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. As Chitterne is adjacent to Ashton, both manors substantial, and both names rare, it is not unlikely that Cynewin is a scribal error for Cynwy. If included in Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4260056 English nobility}{\insrsid12807907 , Cynwy woul
d rank among the sixty wealthiest untitled laymen.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3150323 CYPPING. Cypping is }{\insrsid12807907 an un}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3150323 common name}{\insrsid12807907  with a skewed distributio
n. It occurs thirty-two times, distributed among the lands of the king and nine of his tenants-in-chief, and among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3150323  six coun}{\insrsid12807907 ties in southern England and on}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3150323 
e north of the Thames, with a }{\insrsid12807907 large cluster}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3150323  in and around Hampshire}{\insrsid12807907 , where}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3150323  a large }{\insrsid12807907 proportion}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3150323 
 of }{\insrsid12807907 the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3150323 valuable manors}{\insrsid12807907  are situated, and a smaller one in Devon and Somerset.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par CYPPING [* OF WORTHY *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Cypping, a major landowner in Hampshire, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 leased Headbourne Worthy from the bishopric of Winchester(HAM 29,3),}{\insrsid12807907 
 which became the centre of much of his estate; he is named as Cypping of Worthy in the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11824301 Winton}{\insrsid12807907  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11824301 Domesday}{\insrsid12807907 
 (pp. 54-55), where he is additionally identified as the bishop's tenant by the succession of Ralph of Mortimer (below)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . He was important enough for the Conqueror to retain several of his manors}{\insrsid12807907 
, including some of the most valuable}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HAM }{\insrsid12807907 1,26. 1,W19. NF1,1. NF9,15. IoW1,8}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; but most of them were acquired by}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 Ralph of Mortimer}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HAM 3,1. 29,1-3;5-11;13-14;16. }{\insrsid12807907 S2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\insrsid12807907 who also succeeded Cypping on his one manor in Berkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 46,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 .

\par \tab As the name is uncommon and Cypping held a significant part of his land from the bishop of Winchester}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 29,1;3;9}}}{\insrsid12807907 , he may be the Cypping who }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 survived }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid3150323 on}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  a subholding o}{\insrsid12807907 f}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the bishop's huge manor of Chilcomb}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 which he also held in 1066}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 3,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , possibly }{\insrsid12807907 on }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 th}{\insrsid12807907 at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  part of the manor acquired by Ralph of Mortimer}{
\insrsid12807907 . T}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 he king }{\insrsid12807907 also gave}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  him a respectable }{\insrsid12807907 manor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 at Preston Candover, albeit not as handsome as the manor he had held in the same vill before the Conquest}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 29,13. 69,6}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , though his situation was relatively comfortable compared to most of}{
\insrsid12807907  his English peers. Although the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  holding }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  small and }{\insrsid12807907 remote, it is also likely }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 that }{
\insrsid12807907 he is }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 the Cypping at Hazelbury in Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 67,41}}}{\insrsid12807907  who, like }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Cypping of Worth}{\insrsid12807907 y,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 held land in both 1066 and 1086 and was the only other}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Cypping }{\insrsid12807907 to survive the Conquest}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 
Dr Hooper suggests that a grave slab naming Alward son of Cypping found under the church of Stratfield Mortimer - where Cypping held land - possibly commemorates his father: Hooper, 'Introduction to the Berkshire Domesday', p. 19. An}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Alwin}{\insrsid12807907  son of Cypping held a manor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  i}{\insrsid12807907 n Berkshire in 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 65,6}}}{\insrsid12807907 . }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 A list of }{\insrsid12807907 Cypping' }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 manor}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11564255 English nobility}{
\i\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 pp. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 271-72}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 , }{\insrsid12807907 with}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  an incorrect valuation for Stratfield}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HAM 29,1}{\insrsid12807907 6}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 It does not, of course, include the 1086 manors, whose tenants are }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 unidentified in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (nos. 6136, 6588, 6590, 17154)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907  Cypping is ranked twenty-fourth in wealth among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 
untitled laymen by Dr Clarke.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 DAVID. }{\insrsid12807907 David is a rare name. Apart from three small fiefs, the name occurs four times, once each in Cheshire and Essex, twice in Dorset.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 DAVID [* OF ARGENT}{\insrsid12807907 A}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 N *]. }{\insrsid12807907 It is possible that all Davids in Domesday Book are one man. The David who held a small fief in Northamptonshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NTH 58,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907  may be David of Argentan, who held similar fiefs in the neighbouring counties of Bedfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 50,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Cambridgeshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
CAM 39,1-3}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Dr Keats-Rohan suggests that the other Davids in Domesday Book - in Cheshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 9,8}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 37,4. 54,7}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Essex}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
ESS 20,48}}}{\insrsid12807907  - are also David of Argentan, ancestor of Argentan family which bore the cup at the Coronation service. Three of these Davids were te
nants of different tenants-in-chief, and none of their manors were later held by the Argentan family. But neither were those held by David of Argentan, which appear to have been lost at a fairly early date: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3803785 
VCH Bedfordshire}{\insrsid12807907 , iii. 159; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3803785 VCH Cambridgeshire}{\insrsid12807907 , v. 17, 37; ix. 109; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3803785 VCH }{\i\insrsid12807907 Northampton}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3803785 
shire}{\insrsid12807907 , i. 372. The manor to which the coronation serjeanty was attached - Great Wymondley in Hertfordshire - was a royal manor in 1086: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3803785 VCH }{\i\insrsid12807907 Hert}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3803785 fordshire}{\insrsid12807907 , iii. 183. The usual indicators of identity are therefore not availa
ble; but there are nevertheless some slight indications that the Domesday Davids may be one man. The three fiefs are serjeanty-type fiefs, as is one of the Dorset manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 57,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. The fifth lord of Wymondley, Giles, held land in Essex from the descendants of Count Eustace of Boulogne, of whom the Domesday David was a tenant, albeit on a different manor: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3803785 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 
, p. 485. Other members of the family later held land in Northamptonshire, the south-west, and the north of England: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3803785 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 332, 425, 431; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3803785 Ch
arters of the Redvers family}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 60-61. The links are tenuous; but they could hardly be otherwise since the family suffered one forfeiture, if not more: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3803785 Regesta}{\insrsid12807907 , iii. no. 23; }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3803785 VCH }{\i\insrsid12807907 Hert}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3803785 fordshire}{\insrsid12807907 , iii. 183. David's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 413)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  177; see also Round, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3803785 King's sergeants}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 264-67.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par DEDOL <OF TIVERTON>. The Dedols who held }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14758805 Budworth}{\insrsid12807907 , Bunbury, Tiverton and Cogshall in Cheshire before the Conquest are almost certainly one man}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14758805 
1,19. 2,25-26. 5,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 , the only Dedol in Domesday Book. The first three manors are within a few miles of each other in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14758805 Rushton}{\insrsid12807907  Hundred, Cogshall lying nine miles north of }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14758805 Budworth}{\insrsid12807907 ; all four are of similarly modest status.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14758805 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 DENE. Dene is }{\insrsid12807907 a rare name which occurs seven times in Lincolnshire and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  once }{\insrsid12807907 each }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 in Wiltshire}{\insrsid12807907 
, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Gloucestershire}{\insrsid12807907  and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Nottinghamshire.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 DENE <OF MARNHAM>. Dene}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who}{\insrsid12807907 se}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  modest holding at Marnham in Nottinghamshire }{\insrsid12807907 was }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 acquired by Roger of Bully}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 9,64}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 has no links with his namesakes}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 DEORMANN.}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Deormann is }{\insrsid12807907 a rare}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 name which occurs}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  on }{
\insrsid12807907 one}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  fief and }{\insrsid12807907 eight}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 manors distributed among four counties.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 DEORMANN [* OF LONDON *]. Deormann}{\insrsid12807907 , who had}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  a house in Colchester}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6365603 ESS B3a}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 is probably the tenant of the }{\insrsid12807907 a}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 rchbishop of Canterbury at Keston in Kent}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 3,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
, subsequently recorded as a knight of the archbishop}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Domesday Monachorum}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 pp. 62-63, 105}{\insrsid12807907 .}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 He was a tenant-in-chief at Islington in Middlesex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab MDX 23,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , where he is }{\insrsid12807907 accorded his byname}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 
He is identified as the Deormann on five manors among the king's thanes in Hertfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 42,1-5}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 by the descent of two of his manors - Watton and Walkern - to his brother Leofstan, and ultimately to Leofstan's grandson, Henry, the first mayor of London: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6365603 VCH Hertfordshire}{\insrsid12807907 
, iii. 152, 159. Less certainly, in view of his urban associations he may be the one other Deormann of 1086, with two messuages in Oxford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF B10}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Only one more Deormann is recorded in Domesday Book, the pre-Conquest lord of the substantial manor of Moreton in Oxfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 16,8}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, conceivably the same man, though there are no links to confirm this. He may have been }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 a royal moneyer, }{\insrsid12807907 from}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 a family of royal moneyers who played a not insignificant role in national history}{\insrsid12807907 : Williams, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4204244 English and the Norman Conquest}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 205-206; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
Oxford DNB}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\insrsid12807907 xv.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  865-66}{\insrsid12807907 . Deormann's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 8929), which revises the entry}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  177.

\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 DEORMANN <OF MORETON>. Deormann}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held the substantial manor of Moreton in Warwickshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 16,8}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  is the only pre-Conquest lord bearing this English name. }{\insrsid12807907 He is conceivably the same man as}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Deormann }{\insrsid12807907 of London}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
, though there are no links }{\insrsid12807907 to }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 confirm this.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13195789 DODA. Doda is }{\insrsid12807907 a }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13195789 fairly common}{\insrsid12807907  name which occurs}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13195789  roughly forty times, distributed among}{\insrsid12807907 
 fourteen counties and the lands of the king and twenty of his tenants-in-chief. The bulk of the names are in the south-western counties, where seven of the eight manors held by survivors lie.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 DODA [* OF CURRY *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Doda, who held Dodington among the king's thanes of Somerset in 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 47,12}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is named Dodo }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3292832 de Cori}{\insrsid12807907  in the Geld Roll for }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2775287 Williton}{\insrsid12807907  Hundred, where Dodington lay: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3292832 VCH Somerset}{\insrsid12807907 
, i. 532. He is presumably named from one of the Currys, where no Dodas are recorded. A priest, however, held land among the king's clerks in the county at Curry Rivel in 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2775287 16,11}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , which raises the possibility that Doda }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2775287 de Cori}{\insrsid12807907  is Doda the monk in Dorset, another survivor. Doda }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2775287 de Cori}{\insrsid12807907 
 is the only surviving Doda in the county; he is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 15300).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 DODA <OF GURLYN>. The Dodas who held Carsella and part of the royal manor of Winnianton at Trelan in Cornwall in 1086 }{\insrsid12807907 are probably}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  one man}{\insrsid12807907 ;}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  few Dodas survived the Conquest}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and several other of the Count's tenants combined parts of Winnianton with manors elsewhere in the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 1,1. 5,24,9}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 Doda}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  retained Carsella for two decades, so is possibly the pre-Conquest Dodas}{\insrsid12807907  elsewhere in the county}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , at Gurlyn, }
{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Avalde}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and Brea. Gurlyn and Brea are in the far south-west, on the fringes of the sprawling manor of Winnian}{\insrsid12807907 ton, while}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Avalde}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  was acquired by the tenant who }{\insrsid12807907 held }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Brea}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 5,4,18. 5,12,2-3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{
\insrsid12807907 J.H. Round suggested that the tenant at Carsella is the Doda whose lands were granted by Henry I to Bernard the scribe, Dr Williams that he is the Doda at }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Avalde}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 and Brea}{\insrsid12807907 ; both may be correct: Round, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 'Bernard, the King's scribe'}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 418-20; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4204244 English and the Norman Conquest}{\insrsid12807907 
, p. 123 note 139. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Doda's 1086 }{\insrsid12807907 tenancies}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 248) and referenced in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 178.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 DODA [* THE MONK *]. Although }{\insrsid12807907 his manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  devolved upon six tenants-in-chief, most if not all Doda}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in Dorset }{
\insrsid12807907 may be }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Doda the monk}{\insrsid12807907 , who held}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Woolcombe in 1066}{\insrsid12807907  and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 so may be }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 the Doda who held land in the same vill in 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 57,8. 56,50}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . T}{\insrsid12807907 he t}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 wo }{\insrsid12807907 
manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in Edmondsham are also likely to have been held by }{\insrsid12807907 one man}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , probably the Doda granted land in alms by Queen Matilda, since it was she who acquired one of 
the Edmondsham }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 1,18. 50,1. 56,20-21}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . If so, }{\insrsid12807907 this Doda survived for twenty years, as did the monk}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{
\insrsid12807907 Less certainly, the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 remaining }{\insrsid12807907 Dodas are possibly the monk. Two held land}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in }{\insrsid12807907 the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 adjacent vills 
}{\insrsid12807907 of Nyland and Kington}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 33,3. 56,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , one among the }{\insrsid12807907 king's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  thanes; and the third }{\insrsid12807907 held }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Milbourne}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 54,12}}}{\insrsid12807907 , which}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  approximately midway between these }{\insrsid12807907 vills }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 and Woolcombe. }{\insrsid12807907 It is possible that the monk is Doda }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5194079 de Cori}{\insrsid12807907 
, a survivor in Somerset, though the link is too slight to warrant an identification. Doda's Dorset tenancies }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 1770)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  178}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ; see also }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VCH Dorset}{\insrsid12807907 , iii. 53}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  for a discussion of his identity.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par "DODIN". The name }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12918250 Dodin}{\insrsid12807907  is rare, occurring on in Northamptonshire and Lincolnshire, probably borne by one tenant in each county. 'It might be derived from a native }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12918250 Doding}{\insrsid12807907  ... but is perhaps rather from' a Norman French diminutive form: }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Forssner, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Continental-Germanic }{\i\insrsid12807907 
personal names}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , pp. }{\insrsid12807907 61-62; von Feilitzen,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15150746  }{\i\insrsid12807907 Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 255.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 DO}{\insrsid12807907 DI}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 N}{\insrsid12807907 " <OF COTTESBROOKE>. All }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12918250 Dodin}{\insrsid12807907 s in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Northamptonshire}{\insrsid12807907  may be one man, though he held from}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  four tenants-in-chief}{\insrsid12807907 . He}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  held half a hide in Cottesbrooke among the king's thanes}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NTH 60,4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , two houses in Northampton}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and six }{\insrsid12807907 tenancies}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . The two houses in Northampton}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NTH B34}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  were held from Countess Judith and Winemar of Flanders (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ), from whom he held Ashton}{\insrsid12807907  and }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Easton Maudit }{\insrsid12807907 respectively}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 40,4. 56,52}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Th}{\insrsid12807907 e th}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ree }{\insrsid12807907 
manor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 s}{\insrsid12807907  held from Walter of Flanders}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  included a second manor in Cottesbrooke, his most valuable property}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 39,1-3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
; all three are stated in the text to be held by one man}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . His last manor, at Roade, held from Gunfrid of Chocques}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 48,17}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{
\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 just over }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 a mile from As}{\insrsid12807907 h}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
ton. All four tenants-in-chief are Flemings, with other links between them. }{\insrsid12807907 In the Northamptonshire Survey, the manors in Cottesbrooke appear to have merged, both held by a Robert Botevileyn, though part of }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid5332734 Cottesbrooke was held with Pipewell in the 1120s}{\insrsid12807907 , Pipewell descending to the Botevileyn family}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5332734 : Farrer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5332734 Honors}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid5332734 , i. 80-82. The remain}{\insrsid12807907 ing manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5332734  were in different hands, }{\insrsid12807907 probably indicating fragmentation rather than several Domesday}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid5332734  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12918250 Dodin}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907  The one other tenant of this name held from a Breton tenant-in-chief in Lincolnshire.}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12918250 Dodin}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5332734 's manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5332734 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5332734  (no. 3684) and referenced in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5332734 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5332734 , p. 178.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 DO}{\insrsid12807907 DI}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 N}{\insrsid12807907 " <OF RIPPINGALE>. As the name is rare, the tenants of Alfred of Lincoln on consecutive manors in Bourne and Rippingale in Lincolnshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12918250 LIN 27,51}{\insrsid12807907 -53}}}{\insrsid12807907  are almost certainly the same }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12918250 Dodin}{\insrsid12807907 
. There are no links between the tenant of this Breton tenant-in-chief and the one other }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12918250 Dodin}{\insrsid12807907 , a tenant of several Flemish tenants-in-chief in Northamptonshire. }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12918250 Dodin}{\insrsid12807907 's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 3359)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  178.}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12918250 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 DOLGFINN}{\insrsid12807907 . The name Dolgfinn is rare, occurring on two manors in Derbyshire and five in Yorkshire, all but one held from the king, with survivors in both counties.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 DOLGFINN <OF TAPTON>. As the name is rare, the Dolgfinn who held Tapton among the king's thanes in Derbyshire in 1086 is probably the Dolgfinn who claimed land in Calow}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 17,8-9}}}{\insrsid12807907 , four miles away,
}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and the Dolgfinn who held another manor among }{\insrsid12807907 the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 thanes in 1066, in Old Tupton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 17,3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{
\insrsid12807907 five}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 to the south}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . He may also have held Old Tupton in 1086}{\insrsid12807907  since}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  the holding was waste}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  no tenant }{\insrsid12807907 being }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 recorded there. }{\insrsid12807907 It is possible that the Yorkshire }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Dolgfinn}{\insrsid12807907 s are the same man, two holding before the Conquest and three in 1086; but there are no links to establish identity and the manors are modest.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 
The }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Derbyshire }{\insrsid12807907 tenant}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (nos. 32499, 32502).
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 DO}{\insrsid12807907 T. Dot is a rare name in t
he sense that it was probably borne by few individuals. It occurs once in Bedfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Cambridgeshire and Shropshire; twice in Essex and Suffolk, but eighteen times in Cheshire, where most if not all Dots may be one man. There are no sur
vivors of this name.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 DO}{\insrsid12807907 T <OF HUYTON>. As the name is rare elsewhere in England, the eighteen Dots in the Cheshire 
folios may be one man, though his manors devolved upon nine tenants-in-chief. Roger of Poitou acquired Huyton in South Lancashire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS R1,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, fifteen or so miles from a cluster of manors in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6102414 Tunendune}{\insrsid12807907  and Bucklow Hundreds acquired respectively by William son of Nigel}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 9,12}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Bigot of Les Loges}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
CHS 14,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Gilbert the hunter (17,7-8;10. 18,5) and Osbern son of Tezzo}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 24,8-9}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. A similar distance to the south of this grouping, Dot's manors in the adjacent Hundreds of 'Duddeston' and }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6102414 Warmundestrou}{\insrsid12807907  were acquired by Earl Hugh}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 1,15}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Robert son of Hugh
}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
CHS 2,7;17;20}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Richard the butler}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 6,2}}}{\insrsid12807907  and William Malbank}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 8,17;23;32;34}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. It is not unlikely that Dot held the one other manor in northern and western England, at Rowton in Shropshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,27,26}}}{\insrsid12807907 , fifteen miles south of this latter group: }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid488012 Sawyer}{\insrsid12807907  }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid488012 and Thacker. '}{\insrsid12807907 Domesday survey of Cheshire'}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid488012 , }{\insrsid12807907 pp. 320-21.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid267682 DROGO. }{\insrsid12807907 Drogo is a }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 common name}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2513720 which }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 occurs }{\insrsid12807907 
more than eighty times and is implied many}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  times}{\insrsid12807907  more}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 , distributed among }{\insrsid12807907 twenty-one }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 
counties and the lands of the king and }{\insrsid12807907 eighteen}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  of his tenants-in-chief}{\insrsid12807907 . It is nevertheless a rare name in the sense that it was probably borne by fewer than ten men.}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid267682 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4984231 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 DROGO [* OF LA BEUVRI\'c8RE *]. }{\insrsid12807907 All Drogos in Lincolnshire, Norfolk, Suffolk and Yorkshire may be }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6297561 Drogo of la Beuvri\'e8re}{\insrsid12807907 
, a tenant-in-chief in those and other counties. He had a small fief in Suffolk and may be the one other Drogo in the county, tenant of the bishop of London at Oakley}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 19,12}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. In Norfolk, he is named in several claims,}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164  }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 two}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164  of them involving Humphrey of St Omer}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 NFK 8,8. 11,3}}}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164  }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 who is elsewhere associated with five such claims where Drogo is named in full}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164 , }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 though disguised by the scribe as Drodo }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid6297561 of la Beuvri\'e8re}{\insrsid12807907  in one case}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 NFK }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164 1,57}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 . He is probably the Drogo at Hindringham}{
\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 
\tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 NFK 11,3}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 ,}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164  }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 where he held in }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164 chief}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 ; and he}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 may}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  also }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 be}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  'Drogo, Robert Malet's man'}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 NFK 66,59}}}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 being }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 involved elsewhere with Malet}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 NFK 30,2}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
. Similarly, and more certainly, he is }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 'a certain Drogo'}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 , a man of }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid12860291 Geoffrey Alselin}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
 at Ruskington in Lincolnshire, where he held in chief in the same vill}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 LIN 64,1-2}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
. Elsewhere in the county, he is probably the Drogo at Witham, where he held in chief and the archbishop of York's woodland is said to be in his }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid6297561 warnode}{\cs23\i\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 LIN 2,36}}}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907 , such woodland also identifying him at Thistleton}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 LIN 51,10}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 . Three of Drogo's claims}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 LIN CN28. CW20. CK6}}}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907  involve vills in which he held in chief; and though three others do not, one of them, at Bourne, involves land held by Earl Morcar, on whose lands }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164 Drogo of la Beuvri\'e8re}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
 is elsewhere stated to have claims}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 LIN CK40;58. CN5}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
. As for the other two, there are no other Drogos holding land in the county, so these may refer to the tenant-in-chief rather than a landless and otherwise unrecorded Drogo. In Yorkshire, }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164 Drogo of la Beuvri\'e8re}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907  held in chief in three vills where an unidentified Drogo held land or was subject of a claim}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 YKS 2E33. CE52. SE,Hu4}}}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907 . Drogo's }{\insrsid12807907 manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 422)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{
\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907 
 179-80, apart from Oakley, whose tenant is unidentified (no. 13130).}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 DROGO [* OF LES ANDELYS *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Drogo of Les Andelys is named in the Abingdon chronicle as a subtenant of }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 Robert d'Oilly and }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
tenant of Earl Hugh of Chester }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 at South Weston }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 in Oxfordshire }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8415146 who granted a hide to the abbey when he became ill and retired to the monastery: }{
\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8415146 Historia Ecclesie Abbendonensis}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8415146 , ii. 98-105. }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 He}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8415146  is not named in the Domesday entry}{
\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 
\tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 OXF 15,1}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8415146 ; but the tenurial associations }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 suggest he may be}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8415146  Robert's subtenant at Ardley}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 OXF 15,5
}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8415146  and his tenant at Shirburn and Hardwick}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 OXF 28,9;16}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8415146 , confirmed by his possession of houses in Wallingford attached 
}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 to South Weston and Shirburn}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 BRK B9}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8415146 . He i}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 s probably also Earl Hugh's sub}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8415146 tenant at Buscot in Berks
hire}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 BRK 18,2}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 ,}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8415146  which he held from another Robert, identified as Robert son of Hugh, one of the earl's major tenants: Farrer, }{
\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8415146 Honors}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8415146 , ii. 22-25. This in turn suggests that he is the tenant of Robert on five manors in Cheshire}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 CHS 2,7;9-10;17;20}}}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907 . W}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8415146 ith one exception, these are the only Drogos recorded in Berkshire, Oxfordshire }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 or}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8415146 
 Cheshire. Dr Keats-Rohan identifies the remaining Drogo, who held Charlton in Berkshire from Ralph of Tosny}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 BRK 47,1}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8415146 , as the same man}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
, which is plausible given that}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8415146  Charlton is midway between Buscot and Wallingford}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  and of similar status to }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8415146 Charlton }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
and his manors in Oxfordshire; but it is more likely that this Drogo is Drogo son of Poyntz}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8415146 . Drogo's }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8415146 manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid8415146  (no. 145) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8415146 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8415146 , p. 179. }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8415146 He was from Les Andelys in Upper Norman}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907 d}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8415146 y (Eure: arrondissement Les Andelys}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 ).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 DROGO [* OF MONTACUTE *].}{\insrsid12807907  The Drogos who held Nyland and Toller in Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 26,2;66}}}{\insrsid12807907 , seven }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid6583321 manors in Devon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6583321 DEV 7,4. 15,23-2}{\insrsid12807907 4;34;62}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6583321 , and twelve in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6583321 SOM 19,9;23-}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid7164130 25;30;34;55-57;74;77;86}}}{\insrsid12807907  from the Count of Mortain according to Domesday Book or }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6717044 Exon.}{\cs23\i\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6583321 DEV 1,11}{
\insrsid12807907 . 15,25}}}{\insrsid12807907  are probably the Drogo of Montacute, who held Knowle Park}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 in Somerset from the king, where his byname is recorded}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10163882 
SOM 45,12}}}{\insrsid12807907 . He is identified as Drogo of Montacute at Nyland}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 DOR 26,2}}}{\insrsid12807907  by his grant to Shaftesbury abbey of two hides there 'with his daughter': }
{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7164130 Regesta}{\insrsid12807907 , iii. no. 818; Shepton Montague}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 19,57}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 presumably derives its surname from his family, and 'Womberford' and Feniton were later held by William of Montacute}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 DEV 15,24;34}}}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7164130 Red Book}{\insrsid12807907 
, i. 228-29; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7164130 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 782. In 1166, one of the knights of his descendant, another Drogo, was Thomas }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12066562 de Tolra}{\insrsid12807907 
, presumably named from Toller Whelme, another of his Mortain tenancies}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12066562 26,66}}}{\insrsid12807907 : Williams, 'Domesday survey of Dorset', p. 60. The descent of
 the remaining manors has not been traced; but most if not all may be assigned to Drogo of Montacute with reasonable confidence on tenurial grounds: every other Drogo in the south-western counties can be identified as one of two other individuals; the Cou
nt of Mortain is unlikely to have had several such in thee counties when he had no others elsewhere on his Honour. Drogo's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907  (no. 684)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  180.

\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 DROGO <OF STOKE>. The Drogo}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held }{\insrsid12807907 Stoke Goldington}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 16,10}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12283344 Esnotrewic}{\insrsid12807907  in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Derbyshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 7,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 Horndon in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 48,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and }{\insrsid12807907 Ravensthorpe, Teeton and Coton and its d
ependencies in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 35,17-18;19a-19h}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  from William Peverel }{\insrsid12807907 are probably one man, the only Drogo in}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  those counties apart from Drogo of Beuvri\'e8re }{\insrsid12807907 on a manor }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 in Northamptonshire. }{\insrsid12807907 T}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 he descent of }{
\insrsid12807907 the manors tends to confirm his identity: }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 Farrer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 Honors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\insrsid12807907 i.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  188-92, 2
17-18. }{\insrsid12807907 They }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 1666)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{
\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 181, apart from Teeton and Coton and their dependencies, assigned to William Peverel's demesne, and Horndon, whose tenant is unidentified (no. 1666).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 DROGO <OF WHITLEY>. The Drogos who held Whitley in Warwickshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 WAR }{\insrsid12807907 22,25}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and Levedale in Staffordshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
STS 11,66}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  from Robert of Stafford are probably one man, and the same man}{\insrsid12807907  as the tenant of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 William son of Ansculf}{\insrsid12807907  in the same two counties. T}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 he distribution of their }{\insrsid12807907 manors is consistent with this}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , th}{\insrsid12807907 ose of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  William}{\insrsid12807907 's tenant }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 lying between }{\insrsid12807907 those of Robert, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 at Perry}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Barr and Handsworth in Staffordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 12,27-29}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 - said to be held by one man - }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 and Edgbaston in Warwickshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 WAR 27,4}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , three miles to the south}{\insrsid12807907 , later held with Perry by the Birmingham family: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VCH Warwickshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , vii. }{\insrsid12807907 67}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . These are the only Drogos in either county, and neither tenant-in-chief had others among their tenants elsewhere}{\insrsid12807907  on their Honours}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907 
 Drogo's tenancies from Robert and William }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6356993 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907  as held by two individuals (nos. 8769, 2984 respectively), both}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11352544  }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , p. 181}{\insrsid12807907 .}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par DROGO [* SON OF }{\insrsid12807907 MAUGER}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Drogos who held Exton, Wilmersham and Culborne in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 5,5-7}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and six houses in Exeter}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
DEV 3,2}}}{\insrsid12807907  from the bishop of Coutances are probably the Drogo stated to hold seventy-three manors from the bishop in Devon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 3,85}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, named Drogo son of Mauger on several of these in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6717044 Exon.}{\cs23\i\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7085806 3,9;13-14;16}}}{\insrsid12807907 . He may also be the Drogo on the substantial manor of Timberscombe
}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SOM 22,14}}}{\insrsid12807907 , circled by three of his manors, though there are no links to confirm this. He may be the son of Mauger of Carteret (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6774475 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
) and brother of Humphrey, important tenants in the south-western counties, from Carteret }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 in }{\insrsid12807907 Lower }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Normandy }{\insrsid12807907 
(Manche: arrondissement Valognes). His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 785)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 
referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  180, apart from Timberscombe, whose tenant is unidentified (no. 14960).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 DROGO [* SON OF POYNTZ *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Drogos who held Charlton in Berkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 47,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, Sarnesfield and Clifford Castle in Herefordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 1,21. 8,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and Lower Swell in Gloucestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 45,6}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 from Ralph of Tosny are probably Drogo son of Poyntz, a tenant-in-chief in Herefordshire, Wiltshire and Worcestershire, whose family succeeded to the Tosny lands: Sanders, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10045126 English baronies}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 35-36; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10045126 VCH Herefordshire}{\insrsid12807907 , i. 278. He is probably also the Drogo who held Aston Blank in Gloucestershire from the bishop of Worcester}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 3,5}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, held by his descendants, the Cliffords: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10045126 Book of }{\i\insrsid12807907 Fees, p}{\insrsid12807907 
. 38. It is likely, too, that he is tenant of the bishop of Hereford at 'Middlewood' in Herefordshire and of Richard son of Osbern at Staunton-on-Arrow in the same county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 6,9. 8,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, they being the only other Drogos in any of the Welsh border counties. 'Mid
dlewood' lies in Clifford, where Drogo son of Poyntz was a Tosny tenant, and Osbern's son was later Drogo's tenant at Rochford, so an exchange or other arrangement between the two tenants-in-chief may have occurred: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8214004 
Herefordshire Domesday}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8214004 ,}{\insrsid12807907  pp. 63, 65, 119. Drogo's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15153742 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15153742 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid15153742  (no. 525) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15153742 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15153742 , pp. 180-81, apart from Charlton, assigned to Drogo of Les Andelys.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 D}{\insrsid12807907 UNN.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 Dunn is an uncommon name which occurs twenty-nine times, distributed among the six adjacent counties of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
Devon, Somerset}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Wiltshire}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Gloucestershir}{\insrsid12807907 e, Hampshire and Berkshire, and the lands of the king and nine of hi
s tenants-in-chief.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 DUNN <OF BRIMPSFIELD>. }{\insrsid12807907 The Dunns who preceded }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Osbern Giffard}{\insrsid12807907  in Berkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 39,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WIL 4}{\insrsid12807907 8,1;5;9}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 39,2-3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and}{
\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Gloucestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 50,1-3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are evidently Osbern's designated predecessor, implicitly recognised as such on his manor at 'Oldbury' in Gloucestershire, 'which did not belong to the man Dunn's land'}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 50,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 
; Dunn preceded Osbern on the remainder of the fief. He contributed more than half of Osbern's Honour, four times as much as any other predecessor. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 His status }{\insrsid12807907 as Osbern's predecessor }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 enables him to be identified despite the variant forms of his name (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Don}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Dons}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Dun}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Duns}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Domnus}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
) whose derivation is uncertain: }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15150746 von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid12807907 Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 227-28. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 In addition to the lands acquired by Osbern Giffard, }{
\insrsid12807907 it }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 is }{\insrsid12807907 likely}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  that the Dunn}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Duns}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Donnus}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Domnus) }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 who held Bitton in Gloucestershire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
GLS 78,13}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and Buckland Dinham in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 47,19}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in both 1066 and 1086, and }{\insrsid12807907 '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Barley}{
\insrsid12807907 '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in Wiltshire in 1066}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 67,28}}}{\insrsid12807907  are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the same }{\insrsid12807907 man,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 Buckland }{\insrsid12807907 being}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  adjacent to }{\insrsid12807907 his manor of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Elm, and Bitton and Barley }{\insrsid12807907 en}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 circled by his }{
\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ; }{\insrsid12807907 both }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Buckland and Elm }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  substantial}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  of comparable status to several }{\insrsid12807907 other }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 of }{\insrsid12807907 his manors.
\par \tab Given the distribution of the name, it is not unlikely that other Dunns in Somerset and Devon are Dunn of Brimpsfield, the most likely candidates being those who survived on the same manor for two decades}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 52,34-35}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, or survived at all}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 2,2. 15,77}}}{\insrsid12807907 , particularly in the first case, where the manor is the most substantial held by an unidentified Dunn. If this Dunn is Dunn of Brimpsfield, then}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{
\insrsid12807907 the remaining Somerset manors lying }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 between th}{\insrsid12807907 is manor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and those of Osbern Giffard }{\insrsid12807907 in eastern Somerset }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 may }{\insrsid12807907 also be his}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ; but there are no tenurial or other association}{\insrsid12807907 s
 to confirm an identification in Devon (where Osbern Giffard held no land) or elsewhere. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 A list of }{\insrsid12807907 Dunn's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  manor}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 
 is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 English }{\i\insrsid12807907 n}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 obility}{\i\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 pp. }{\insrsid12807907 273}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 , 
}{\insrsid12807907 which}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  }{\insrsid12807907 is confined to those acquired by Osbern Giffard and does not include his Berkshire manor. Dr Clarke ranks Dunn eighty-ninth in wealth among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  
}{\insrsid12807907 untitled laymen; the additions suggested above would raise him about two dozen places without those in Devon and western Somerset (which would raise him almost another twenty places if included). The 1086 tenants are recorded}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid11210495  }{\insrsid12807907 in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9265289 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 178-79, as two individuals, one (}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15077467 Dons}{\insrsid12807907 ) at Bitton in Gloucestershire (no. 8306), the other (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15077467 Domnus}{\insrsid12807907 ) at Buckland Dinham and on the four Devonshire manors (no. 1763).
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 DUNSTAN. Dunstan is an uncommon }{\insrsid12807907 name which occurs}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 seventeen times,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 
all but one in the north of England and all but three of those in Yorkshire, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 distributed }{\insrsid12807907 among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  four counties and }{\insrsid12807907 the lands of the king and }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 six }{\insrsid12807907 of his }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 tenants-in-chief.}{\insrsid12807907  There was one survivor.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 DUNSTAN <OF DONYATT>. Dunstan}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 whose shared manor of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Donyatt in Somerset}{\insrsid12807907 
 was acquired by the Count of Mortain}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 19,24}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is the only Dunstan }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 south of the Trent}{\insrsid12807907 . He has no links with other Dunstans.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 DUNSTAN <OF ETWALL>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare outside Yorkshire, the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Dunstan}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 at}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Etwall and Hallam in Derbyshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 9,2. 11,4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and Gedling in Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 9,72}}}{\insrsid12807907  may be the same man
}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Hallam is roughly halfway between the other two vills, about fourteen miles from either. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 The Nottinghamshire }{\insrsid12807907 manor}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  may have been acquired by Roger of Bully as part of a block grant of Thurgarton }{\insrsid12807907 wapentake}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 : Fleming, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Kings and }{
\i\insrsid12807907 l}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ords}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , pp. 162-64.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 DUNSTAN <OF SWILLINGTON>.}{\insrsid12807907  As the name is uncommon, the Dunstans who preceded }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Ilbert of Lacy}{\insrsid12807907  on eight manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
in 'Skyrack' and Morley }{\insrsid12807907 wapentake}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 s}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 YKS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15352505 9}{\insrsid12807907 W}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15352505 3}{
\insrsid12807907 ;16;118;122;128-129;136;139}}}{\insrsid12807907  may be one man, possibly Ilbert's tenant at Golcar}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 YKS 9}{\insrsid12807907 W13}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
, surviving as was often the case on a fragment of a once }{\insrsid12807907 extensive}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  estate. }{\insrsid12807907 Most of his manors were of similar status, and substantial in terms of their assessment. }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Apart from William of Percy's predecessor, Dunstan of Tadcaster, the only other Dunstan in the county was the pre-Conquest lord of Holme}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 YKS }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid684667 1W26}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , nine miles to the south of Golcar. Like Golcar, this, too, may have been held in 1086 since no tenant is recorded; it is likely it belonged to the same Dunstan.}{\insrsid12807907 

\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 DUNSTAN <OF TADCASTER>. Dunstan}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  whose land at Tadcaster in Yorkshire was acquired by William of Percy}{\insrsid12807907 , is probably}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the burgess whose messuage in York }{\insrsid12807907 he}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 held in 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 YKS C10}{\insrsid12807907 
. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 13}{\insrsid12807907 W}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . The statement by a }{\insrsid12807907 wapentake}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 jury that Dunstan 'did not have Thorkil's land in Tadcaster'}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 
{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS CW5}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  was probably aimed at Percy, whose holding at Tadcaster combined the manors held by these two pre-Conquest landowners. The urban }{\insrsid12807907 
context}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  suggest}{\insrsid12807907 s this }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Dunstan }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 not}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 Ilbert of Lacy's predecessor, Dunstan of Swillington}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  though their holdings are sufficiently close to make their identity possib}{\insrsid12807907 
le; some Domesday burgesses had rural manors, a few several of them}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 DURAND [* MALET *]. }{\insrsid12807907 It is probable that Durand, who held Sutton-by-Guildford in Surrey as a tenant of Robert Malet, is Durand Malet}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15025571 SUR 28,1}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , apparently a close relative though the nature of their relationship has not been established, the most recent view being that Durand may be}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  a son of William Malet (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 )}{\insrsid12807907  and brother of Robert}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Oxford DNB}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , xxxvi. 312-13}{\insrsid12807907 . Sutt
on constituted Robert's entire fief in the county, acquired by an illegal act by Durand, implying that Robert's possession was unwarranted. It is also possible that Durand is Robert's tenant at Cransford in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 6,128}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, as suggested by Dr Hart, who has made a
 case for the pre-Conquest Durands in Nottinghamshire and East Anglia, and other post-Conquest tenants in East Anglia and Cambridgeshire, being Durand Malet: 'William Malet and his family', pp. 135-37, 144-46. The rarity of the name before the Conquest, t
he possibility that Robert Malet's tenant at Cransford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4921700 SUF 6,128}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 was Durand Malet, and the proximity of several of Durand's manors to those of Robert Malet, are suggestive; but as there is no instance where Durand's byname is used, and no case where he held the same
 manor in both 1066 and 1086, Dr Lewis's suggestion that the pre-Conquest Durands are another man, Durand of Offton, seems more likely: 'French in England', p. 141. Two of the three Suffolk tenants of 1086 - possibly all three - are probably Durand the cl
eric, including the Durand at Cransford. Durand's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 2560)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{
\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 . 182.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 DURAND [* OF GLOUCESTER *]. }{\insrsid12807907 T}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 he Durands who held tenancies from ecclesiastical tenants-in-chief in Gloucestershire, Hampshire, Wiltshire and Worcestershire }{
\insrsid12807907 may be}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Durand of P\'eetres, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 alias Durand of Gloucester, sheriff of that county and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 a 
tenant-in-chief in the first three of those counties. }{\insrsid12807907 Dr}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Walker ('}{\insrsid12807907 '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Honours}{\insrsid12807907 '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  of the }{
\insrsid12807907 e}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 arls of Hereford', p. 177) has }{\insrsid12807907 identified}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 him as }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 the Durand who held }{\insrsid12807907 ten}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  hides from the }{\insrsid12807907 bishop of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Winchester in Alresford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 2,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and }{\insrsid12807907 his }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 tenan}{\insrsid12807907 cy}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  at Overton in Wiltshire}{\insrsid12807907  descended}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 to his heirs}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 2,11}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , along with tenancies from the }{\insrsid12807907 abbey of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Cormeilles and probably those from the }{\insrsid12807907 b}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ishops of Hereford and Worcester}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 3,4. 4,1. 16,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VCH Gloucestershire}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , vii}{\insrsid12807907 i.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  72; x, 47; xi. 188-89; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  p. 39. }{\insrsid12807907 
As its tenant elsewhere, he may be the Durand who held the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  handsome manor of Wield }{\insrsid12807907 from Winchester}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 2,21}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; and since he}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  held another substantial }{\insrsid12807907 manor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  from the }{\insrsid12807907 b}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ishopric of Worcester}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 3,7}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
, he may be the Durand who held Norton}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Worcestershire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  from the Church}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WOR }{\insrsid12807907 
2,29}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , particularly as th}{\insrsid12807907 at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  tenant }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the only Durand in the county.
\par \tab Of the remaining tenancies, Durand }{\insrsid12807907 at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Chedglow in Wiltshire is shown to be the sheriff by a duplicate}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 26,19. 28,10}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
, while another at Portchester in Hampshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 35,4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  may be him given }{\insrsid12807907 the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  strategic location}{\insrsid12807907  of Portchester}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , though this cannot be verified by manorial descent, the manor remaining in the hands of the family o}{\insrsid12807907 f the Domesday tenant-in-chief: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VCH Hampshire,}{
\insrsid12807907  iii. 151-52}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Durand's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 648)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  181-82, apart from Norton, whose tenant is unidentified (no. 31731).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 DURAND <OF NORMANTON>. Durand, whose manor of Normanton in Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 9,69}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  was acquired by Roger of B
ully, is one of the few pre-Conquest landowners of this name. Although he had his own }{\insrsid12807907 Hall, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 his small holding }{\insrsid12807907 of little more than a bovate }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
appears to be his only property. The one other Durand in circuit six is the tenant-in-chief, Durand Malet, with a fief in Lincolnshire and a single manor at Owthorpe in Nottinghamshire. It is conceivable that he is the pre-Conquest lord of Normanton}{
\insrsid12807907  as suggested by Dr Hart, since}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  his close relative, William Malet, probably held land in Lincolnshire before the Conquest; but the }{\insrsid12807907 most recent view is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 that Durand was a later generation Malet}{\insrsid12807907 : 'William Malet and his family'}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 14}{\insrsid12807907 6; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Oxford DNB}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , xxxvi. 312-13.

\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 DURAND [* }{\insrsid12807907 OF OFFTON}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  *]. }{\insrsid12807907 
As eleven of the thirteen pre-Conquest Durands occur in the same area of south-east Suffolk on holdings of similar status, they are very probably one man, named Durand of Offton on Hervey of Bourges' manor of Bredfield}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 67,23}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Hervey also succeeded Durand or his free men on three more manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 67,12;17-18;23}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907 
 No Durand is recorded at Offton, but Siward acquired a manor from him at Battisford, four miles away}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 74,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Of his remaining holdings, four were acquired by Roger Bigot, on all of 
which Northmann was his overlord (7,84;111;118;121), while at Helmingham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 16,25}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, held by the bishop of Bayeux in 1086, his overlord was Edric of Laxfield, as on two of Hervey's acquisitions. On the final holding, Ranulf brother of Ilger's manor in the lost vill of }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10689201 Aluredestuna}{
\cs23\i\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUF 39,12}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, Durand is described as a predecessor of Robert Malet, who had no Durands among his recorded predecessors in the county; but the bishop, Bigot and Malet shared other predecessors in East Anglia. Dr Hart suggested that the pre-Conquest land
owner is Durand Malet; but it is more likely that Durand of Offton is a different man, as suggested by Dr Lewis: Hart, 'William Malet and his family'}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 14}{\insrsid12807907 
4-46; Lewis, 'French in England', p. 141 (some references are omitted).}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10689201 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par DURAND <OF STORRINGTON>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 It is probable that the pre-Conquest lord of Sway in the New Forest, a manor acquired by Earl Roger of Shrewsbury}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10689201 HAM NF3,3}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , is also the earl's tenant on three more manors in the Forest, the only Durands in the area}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM NF3,4;12-13}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. If so, the earl had improved his lot so he may be one other Durand on the Honour of Shrewsbury, holding the fairly valuable manor of Storrington in Sussex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 11,48}}}{\insrsid12807907 , as su
ggested by Dr Keats-Rohan. It is tempting to suggest that he might be Durand the barber}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 65,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 at Titchfield, across Southampton Water from the New Forest manors, en route to Sussex; but there are no links to confirm this. Durand is the only barber named in Dome
sday Book but is perhaps the king's rather than the earl's hairdresser. Durand's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{
\insrsid12807907 (no. 8770)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 182, apart from Baddesley}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM NF3,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 , whose tenant is unidentified (no. 6659), and with the addition of Netheravon in Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10689201 WIL 56,3}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , held from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10689201 Nigel the doctor}{\insrsid12807907 , a tenant of the earl in Shropshire.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10689201 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 DURAND [* THE CLERIC *]. Durand, tenant of the abbey of Bury St Edmunds at Stow}{\insrsid12807907 langtoft}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 14,77}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, may be Durand the cleric, who held Kenton from the abbey}{\insrsid12807907  according to the Feudal Book of Abbot Baldwin}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Feudal documents}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, p. 11. He is possibly also the one other Durand in the county}{\insrsid12807907  in 1086}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , at Cransford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 6,128}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , though }{
\insrsid12807907 Dr}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Hart suggests that }{\insrsid12807907 this and other East Anglian }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Durand}{\insrsid12807907 s are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Durand Malet: }{\insrsid12807907 
'William Malet and his family'}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 144-146. Durand's manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 3818) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 181.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par EDELO <OF RAUCEBY>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12391895 . }{\insrsid12807907 Edelo, tenant of Robert of Stafford on the substantial manor of Rauceby in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 59,12-13}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is probably Ro
bert's tenant Ehelo at Metheringham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 59,19}}}{\insrsid12807907 , twelve miles away, and also his tenant Aslen at Swynnerton in Staffordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 11,18}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. These are only occurrences of those names in Domesday Book, and Swynnerton and Rauceby were later held by the Swynnerton family: Slade, 'Domesday survey of Staffordshire', p. 31. Robert son of }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid679129 Ehelen}{
\insrsid12807907  witnessed a Staffordshire charter in the 1120s and, as Eyton observed, the father's name is spelt 'with }{\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12807907 extraordinary variety', appearing in later records as }{
\i\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12807907\charrsid679129 Eslenem}{\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12807907  and }{\i\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12807907\charrsid679129 Aelem}{
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12807907  as well as }{\i\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12807907\charrsid679129 Ehelem}{\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8214004 S
taffordshire chartulary}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 195-98. Edelo's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 3021)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  183.
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid679129 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5132869 EDEVA. Edeva }{\insrsid12807907 appears to be}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5132869  a commo}{\insrsid12807907 n}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5132869  name}{\insrsid12807907 
, distributed among eighteen counties and the lands of the king and twenty of his tenants-in-chief. Its distribution is skewed. Apart from a sprinkling south of the Thames and a single occurrence in Wor
cestershire, the names are concentrated in two large clusters, one in the adjacent counties of Lincolnshire and Yorkshire, the other in those between Buckinghamshire and Suffolk. Eight manors were held by survivors. The scribe occasionally confused the na
me with Edith, and vice-versa.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par EDEVA <OF CHADDESLEY>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7106132 . }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Edeva, who held the substantial manor of Chaddesley in Worcestershire before and after the Conquest}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WOR 28,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, is the only Edeva to retain her manor between those dates. }{\insrsid12807907 Dr Williams suggests that she may be the Edith with two manors in Bickmarsh one of them substantial}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8207267 78,7}{
\insrsid12807907 . WAR }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8207267 43,2}}}{\insrsid12807907  - who was perhaps related to the earls of Mercia, previous lords of Bickmarsh and Chaddesley: Williams, 'Introduction to the Worcestershire Domesday',}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid7106132  pp. 2}{\insrsid12807907 1}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7106132 , 30-31}{\insrsid12807907 ; Baxter, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7106132 Earls of Mercia}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 140, 171-73. Edith and Edeva are confused elsewhere by Domesday scribes; and, like Edeva, Edith held both manors he
rself in 1066, and from the king in 1086. Apart from the queen and a nun, Edeva and Edith are the only women of either name in the three counties of Gloucestershire, Warwickshire and Worcestershire. As her name is entered as Edith in both Gloucestershire 
and Warwickshire, that may be the correct form. If so, she is possibly the Edith who survived for two decades on an anonymous holding in Berkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 65,14}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, the only Edith to do so, though the holding is a mere virgate and there are no links with the Mercian manors. The tenants in Berkshire and at Chaddesley are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded as different women in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (nos. 383, 9854), both}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  183; the Ediths at Bickmarsh are unidentified (nos. 28582, 29896).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6508020 EDEVA [* THE FAIR *]. Edeva the fair, }{\insrsid12807907 alias}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6508020  Edeva the rich}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 1,61;63. 31,54}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6508020  and}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid15731006  }{\insrsid12807907 - very probably - }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15731006 Countess Edeva}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 4,17}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15731006 , }{
\insrsid12807907 is given her byname on many manors in the counties of Bucking
hamshire, Cambridgeshire, Essex, Hertfordshire, and Suffolk, in all of which she was succeeded on most of her manors by Count Alan of Brittany, which plausibly identifies her as the Edeva on more than sixty others - too numerous to list - acquired by the 
Count in those counties; there is no instance where a second Edeva might reasonably be suspected of being his predecessor. As she is the only Edeva identified as a lord of men in those counties, she is probably the overlord at Stone in Buckinghamshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
BUK 4,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; Caldecote, Drayton, Lolworth and Fulbourn in Cambridgeshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 26,40;49. 32,32. 35,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; and Finborough, Hunston, Burgh and Gusford in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 1,64;89. 4,17. 46,5}}}{
\insrsid12807907 . In all but the first of these, she was succeeded by tenants-in-chief who acquired other manors where her byname is supplied; and in three of 
them, she had other manors in the same vill. Stone was held by the bishop of Bayeux, who also acquired Reed in Hertfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 5,16}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 from an Edeva who was overlord of two other men in that vill whose manors devolved upon Count Alan}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 16,5-6}}}{\insrsid12807907  so there is little doubt as to
 the identity of the Edeva in those vills, though she is described as a 'girl' and a man of Archbishop Stigand on her demesne manor in Reed. The }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15731006 Countess Edeva of }{\insrsid12807907 Burgh}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid15731006 SUF 4,17}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15731006  can scarcely be anyone other than Edeva the fair}{\insrsid12807907 , Queen Edith -}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15731006  the only }{\insrsid12807907 plausible}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid15731006  alternative}{\insrsid12807907  - }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15731006 presuppos}{\insrsid12807907 ing}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15731006  scribal errors in name and }{\insrsid12807907 - less credibly - }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid15731006 tit}{\insrsid12807907 le.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15731006 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid15731006 \tab }{\insrsid12807907 
Edeva is normally identified by one of her bynames on the demesne holdings not acquired by Count Alan; but she is almost certainly the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15731006  }{\insrsid12807907 '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15731006 Edith}{\insrsid12807907 '}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid15731006  }{\insrsid12807907 at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15731006  Norton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 1,88-90}}}{\insrsid12807907  -}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15731006  }{\insrsid12807907 where the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15731006 
 dependencies }{\insrsid12807907 give the correct form of her name and her byname}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15731006 SUF 1,61-64;67-73}}}{\insrsid12807907  - and the Edeva on the handsome manor of Sampford in Essex}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
ESS 1,30}}}{\insrsid12807907 , retained by the king with a number of her other manors. The Edeva at Thurlow in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 25,104}}}{\insrsid12807907  is shown to be }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid15731006 Edeva the fair}{\insrsid12807907  by her tenure of the central manor and the intermediate tenure of Ralph Wader}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 1,90}}}{\insrsid12807907 
; and the tiny holding at Hallingbury in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 4,16}}}{\insrsid12807907  may also be hers since the bishop of London acquired other manors from her}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 4,22;25}}}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par \tab Finally, she may be the Edeva whose manors in Kent and Sussex and Somerset were acquired by the bishop of Bayeux, Earl Roger of Shrewsbury and the king respectively. The royal manor of Crewkerne in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14835663 
SOM 1,20}}}{\insrsid12807907  is one of the two most valuable held by an Edeva, and Harold and his son Godwin - probably her husband and son (below) - held 
eight others in the county, Crewkerne being the most valuable of them all, one of a consecutive block of royal manors in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 1,11-20}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 held by Harold and his family, so Edeva was presumably one of them, and not the least important: Round, 'Domesday survey of Somerset', p. 398. Similarly, Hadlow in Kent}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14835663 KEN 5,60}}}{
\insrsid12807907  is the third most valuable manor held by an Edeva who, as noted above, was succeeded by Bishop Odo elsewhere; she is probably the Edeva he succeeded at Tudeley, the one other Edeva in Kent}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14835663 KEN 5,62}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , both manors being subinfeudated to Richard of Tonbridge. The manors acquired by Earl Roger of Shrewsbury in Sussex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14835663 11,10;18-19}}}{
\insrsid12807907  were all valuable, the first two among the ten most valuable of her manors; two were held from the king, one from Earl Godwin. Sussex, of course, was the Godwin
son heartland, and the absence of a tenurial link is irrelevant since the county was distributed by Rapes, and Count Alan was not one of the tenants-in-chief to hold one of them. The three other Edevas who held land in Sussex, all succeeded by William of 
Warenne}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13901606 12,11;19;51}}}{\insrsid12807907 , are possibly also Edeva the fair, though the manors are not of the status of those of Earl Roger so are not here attributed to her.}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid13901606 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 \tab The Edeva whose manors in Lincolnshire and Yorkshire were acquired by Ralph of Mortimer has also been identified as Edeva the fair (Boyle, 'Edeva', pp. 13-20); but that Edeva is more likely to be Edeva wife of Topi. }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 A list of }{\insrsid12807907 Edeva's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  manor}{\insrsid12807907 s }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11564255 English nobility}{
\i\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 pp. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15731006 273-79}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 , }{\insrsid12807907 which}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  }{\insrsid12807907 
does not include those in Kent, Sussex and Somerset; or those at Reed in Hertfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 5,16}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; Whittlesford in Cambridgeshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 14,18}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid6508020 Hallingbury}{\insrsid12807907  in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 4,16}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; or those of some of her men in Cambridgeshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 13,8-10}}}{\insrsid12807907  recorded in the }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis}{\insrsid12807907  (ed. Hamilton, pp. 77-80), or in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 4,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Suffolk}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUF 3,84-85. 4,17}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Dr Clarke ranks Edeva fourth in wealth among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 
untitled laymen, eleventh among the nobility; the additional manors would raise her to second and eighth places respectively.
\par \tab Edeva }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15731006 has often been identified }{\insrsid12807907 as}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15731006  Edith Swan-neck, married for some twenty years (though not in the
 eyes of the Church) to Earl Harold Godwinson, and mother of at least six of his children. Conclusive proof of this identification has never been found; but her beauty, her wealth, and its concentration in the area where Harold began his public career and
 was earl for almost a decade, make the identification probable}{\insrsid12807907 , more so if her identification as the Edeva in Sussex and Somerset is valid}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15731006 . Her posthumous career tends}{\insrsid12807907  further }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid15731006 to confirm this. }{\insrsid12807907 Her successor,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15731006  Count Alan of Brittany}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15731006  later abducted Harold's daughter Gunn}{
\insrsid12807907 hild from the nunnery at Wilton, probably - it has been argued -}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15731006  to secure title to his estates}{\insrsid12807907  as heiress to Harold and Edeva}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15731006 
, which presupposes the identity of Edith Swan-neck and}{\insrsid12807907  Edeva the fair: Searle, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11801021 'Women'}{\i\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907 pp. 167-69}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15731006 .}{\insrsid12807907 

\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 EDEVA [* WIFE OF EDWARD SON OF SWEIN *]. }{
\insrsid12807907 Edeva, who succeeded Edward son of Swein at 'Lisson' in Middlesex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7426799 MDX 25,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is probably his wife, named as such on a small holding in Essex}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid7426799 ESS 85,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  where she also succeeded him. Her manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 1389)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  183-84.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 EDEVA [* WIFE OF }{\insrsid12807907 TOPI}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Edevas who held Kettleby and Messingham in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 34,3;8}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are identified as the mother of Ulf son of Topi (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5132869 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ) in his will: Whitelock, }{\i\insrsid12807907 Anglo-Saxon wills}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 94-97. Both man
ors were acquired by Erneis of Buron, which makes it likely that the Edeva who preceded him at Melton, Brocklesby, Habrough and Grayingham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 34,1;9-11;27}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 is also Topi's wife. In Brocklesby, Grayingham, Kettleby and Messingham part of the vill was also held by Ulf}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 30,6. 32,2}}}{\insrsid12807907  or one of his sons or relatives}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 7,16. 8,31}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Alnoth (}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5132869 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ) or Healfdene (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5132869 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ).
\par \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5132869 Edeva's manors }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5132869  encircled by the fief of Ralph of Mortimer, three of whose manors were acquired from an Edeva}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 36,1-2;5}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5132869 
. The most substantial of these manors, at Thornton Curtis, was }{\insrsid12807907 six}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5132869  miles from that of Topi's wife at Melton Ross}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 34,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5132869 
. Kirmington, where her husband and son held land, even closer. Ralph's Edeva held messuages in Stow}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 36,5}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5132869 , as did Ulf}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 24,9}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid5132869  who also made a bequest to the abbey; and both Ralph and Ulf's successor, Gilbert of Ghent, were exempt from forfeitures on these holdings 'because of their predecessors'}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN CW11}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5132869 
. It seems likely that the predecessors were the son and wife of Topi.}{\insrsid12807907  If this identification is valid, then the Yorkshire Edevas are also the wife of Topi, since all their manors were acquired by Ralph of Mortimer}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
YKS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5132869 15E1-12;14-16. CE14}}}{\insrsid12807907 , forming almost his entire fief in the county.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5132869 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 \tab It is possible that the three other Edevas in Lincolnshire are the same woman. Austhorpe}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 26,26}}}{\insrsid12807907  was acquired by Kolsveinn of Lincoln, who had an interest in several other vills - Riseholm
e, Holme, Fillingham, Claxby - where the Topi family held land}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 8,13. 26,5-6;23. 30,36}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; and Robert of Tosny, who acquired the one remaining manor}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 18,25-26}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , shared the priviledged status of Ralph of Mortimer and Gilbert of Ghent in 'Well' wapentake}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN CW11}}}{\insrsid12807907  even though he held no land there, which suggests he was privileged because his predecessor was Topi's wife.

\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 EDEVA }{\insrsid12807907 [* }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WIFE }{\insrsid12807907 OF WULFWARD WHITE *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Edeva,
 whose four substantial Buckinghamshire manors devolved upon the bishop of Coutances}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14367715 5,}{\insrsid12807907 1-2}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14367715 ;7-8}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is almost certainly one woman, named on the first of the four as the wife of Wulfward, who is equally certainly the English magnate Wulfward White.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10907109  Like her husband, Edeva held }{\insrsid12807907 some of her manors}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid10907109  from Queen Edith}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10907109  which }{\insrsid12807907 very probably }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10907109 identif}{\insrsid12807907 ies}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10907109  her}{
\insrsid12807907  as the Edeva whose two valuable manors in the county were acquired by Walter Giffard}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 14,13-14}}}{\insrsid12807907 , the first of them held from the queen}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10907109 . }{\insrsid12807907 
At Winchendon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 14,13}}}{\insrsid12807907 , t}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10907109 he scribe }{\insrsid12807907 has confused Edith and Edeva by a misplaced }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14367715 de}{\insrsid12807907 
 inserted above the line, producing the formulae 'Edith held this manor from Queen Edeva'. Edeva is also the unnamed wife of Wulfward, identified as Wulfward White in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6717044 Exon.}{\insrsid12807907 
, on the royal manor of Keynsham in Somerset held by Queen Edith in 1066}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 1,28}}}{\insrsid12807907 . }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 She survived her husband and son, }{\insrsid12807907 another Wulfward, }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 retaining the manor of Little Linford as a tenant of the bishop of Coutances}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 5,8}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 Her}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14367715  }{\insrsid12807907 pre-Conquest }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14367715 manors are listed with those of her husband and son by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14367715 English nobility}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14367715 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14367715 . 36}{
\insrsid12807907 6-6}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14367715 8, who }{\insrsid12807907 does not include}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14367715  Keynsham}{\insrsid12807907 . Dr Clarke ranks the family as seventeenth in wealth among the nobility, eighth among}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 untitled laymen; the addition of Keynsham would not affect this. Her one tenancy is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907  (no. 1635)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  183.

\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 EDGAR. Edgar is }{\insrsid12807907 
a rare name which occurs on one fief and seven manors, distributed among five counties and the lands of the king and three of his tenants-in-chief}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 EDGAR <OF HOUGHTON>. The three Edgars in East Anglia may be one man. Th}{\insrsid12807907 ose}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  at Houghton and Cavendish in Suffolk were predecessors of Ralph of Lim\'e9sy}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUF 43,1. 76,20}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ; and although Mundham in Norfolk is some distance away, that Edgar was a lord of men}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 35,8}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, apparently without demesne, as was the Suffolk Edgar.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 [* PRINCE *] EDGAR. }{\insrsid12807907 Edgar,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  whose two substantial manors in Huntingdonshire constituted the fief of Earl Hugh of Chester in the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 HUN 11,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  may be Prince Edgar, or Edgar the aetheling as he is more commonly known, as suggested by }{\insrsid12807907 Dr}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 Lewis: 'Honour of Chester', pp. 45, 47 and note 39. He held a small fief in Hertfordshire, where he is accorded his title. Apart from Edgar the priest of
 Wiltshire, he is the only post-Conquest landholder of this name, and the only one with significant resources. His career would explain the losses and gains, }{\insrsid12807907 its}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 most mysterious aspect being his meagre pre-Conquest endowment as heir to the Crown. His manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. }{\insrsid12807907 3818)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 184.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 EDGAR [* THE PRIEST *]. Edgar}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who inherited the church of Poulshot }{\insrsid12807907 in Wiltshire }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 from his father}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
WIL 1,11}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 is probably}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Edgar the priest}{\insrsid12807907  at Deverill}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 67,52}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, the one other Edgar in the south-western counties}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Deverill is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907 
 (no. 1390)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  184; the tenant at Po
ulshot is unidentified (no. 16526).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid667966 EDITH. }{\insrsid12807907 The name }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid667966 Edith occurs frequently but }{\insrsid12807907 most Ediths are the queen, daught
er of Earl Godwin, wife of Edward the Confessor and brother King Harold and his brothers. Roughly two dozen unidentified Ediths are recorded, some of whom are probably also the queen. All the names are in southern England, the most northerly, at Rowton in
 Shropshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4203132 SHR 4,27,26}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is that of one of the three surviving Ediths. The scribe occasionally confused her name with Edeva, and vice-versa.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 [* QUEEN *] EDITH. Edward the Confessor's queen is }{\insrsid12807907 usually}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  accorded }{\insrsid12807907 her}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  title }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid11405551 but may be the simple Edith succeeded by Ralph of Mortimer on a number manors in Herefordshire}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11405551  Shropshire}{\insrsid12807907  and Leicestershire}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid11405551 . }{\insrsid12807907 Queen Edith}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11405551  is named}{\insrsid12807907  as Ralph's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 pre
decessor five times on the royal fief in Herefordshire, and once on his own fief}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 9,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 , so she may be the Edith from whom }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11405551 Ralph }{\insrsid12807907 
acquired his valuable manors of Shobdon and Orleton on the same fief}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 9,10;19}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11405551 . She }{\insrsid12807907 may also be }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11405551 
the Edith who preceded him }{\insrsid12807907 on several valuable manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11405551 in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Shropshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR C13. 6,2;4;9;30-31;33}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and }{\insrsid12807907 she is perhaps the Edith}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  at Pulley}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,27,6}}}{\insrsid12807907 , where}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Mortimer succeeded Edith on another }{\insrsid12807907 manor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in the vill}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 6,30}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{
\insrsid12807907 It is also likely that she is the Edith who preceded Ralph at Osbaston and 'Weston' in Leicestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 21,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907 , though the form of the en
try appears to militate against this: '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13581438 Edric and Edith held these two lands freely}{\insrsid12807907 
' is disrespectful or uninformed. However, the association of Ralph and the queen elsewhere, and the occasional omission of her title, is evident; and these two manors consti
tute Ralph's fief in the county, suggesting it was acquired by antecession, either as the queen's predecessor or that of Edric the wild (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7699056 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
), if this Edric be that man. The 1086 manor might be a conflation of two pre-Conquest holdings - a common occurren
ces - or the scribe may have confused the lord, the queen, and her man in a single statement, as occurred on a number of fiefs in circuit four. The only other Ediths in Leicestershire are the queen; there are no other Edrics}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par \tab T}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 he }{\insrsid12807907 Edeva}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 who held Kingston Deverill in Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 19,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 may also be the queen. The manor was}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  acquired by the Canons of Lisieux}{\insrsid12807907 , and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  later held }{\insrsid12807907 in alms from}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the Crown}{
\insrsid12807907 , so may once have been royal; the names Edith and Edeva are confused elsewhere by the scribes: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 743}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Edith i
s also}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  often referred to simply as 'the queen'}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BRK 21,20. GLS 1,7. LIN 68,24;31. SUF 6,1}{\insrsid12807907 12. 7,14-15;63. 41,13. 52,5;8-9}}}{
\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the context normally identif}{\insrsid12807907 ying}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  her in such cases. }{\insrsid12807907 Edith's manors - including ambiguous cases - are listed by}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Stafford, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Queen Emma & Queen Edith}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 280-305, who}{\insrsid12807907 se}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  list}{\insrsid12807907  differs from the }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4487056 Statistics}{\insrsid12807907  database
 in some respects, particularly in Kent, Sussex, Middlesex, Shropshire and Leicestershire. Estimates of the queen's manorial wealth vary wildly; they are itemised by Dr Baxter, whose own estimate is closest to that in the }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6105212 Statistics}{\insrsid12807907  database (\'a31464): }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4487056 Earls of Mercia}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 128-29, 134-35, 318-19}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 EDITH}{\insrsid12807907  [* THE NUN *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Edith, who held a hide from the Church of Worcester at Greenhill in the county before 1066}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WOR 2,12}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, may be Edith the nun, who held from the monks at Knightwick at the same date}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WOR 2,67}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, the only other Edith in the county apart from the queen. Edith returned her land at Knightwick to the monks as their community grew, a f
act to which she testified in 1086, being still alive, so she is perhaps also the nun Edith with twelve acres of alms land at an unknown location in Somerset in 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1259815 SOM 16,12}}}{
\insrsid12807907 . This manor is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 374)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{
\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  183.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ED}{\insrsid12807907 MER}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Edmer is a common name in the south-western counties, particularly in Devon, occurring rarely in the north Mid
lands or northern counties. A significant proportion of the names are associated with the Count of Mortain, one of whose predecessors was the English magnate Edmer Ator. Survivors held four manors.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 EDMER [* ATOR *]. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Edmer }{\insrsid12807907 Ator is named in Domesday Book as}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  a royal thane}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab MDX 8,6. BUK 12,3}}}{\insrsid12807907  }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 and a thane of Earl Harold}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 15,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 .}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11361385  }{\insrsid12807907 Although unnamed in contemporary sources, he }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11361385 must have played a key r
ole in the events of 1066 since it was at}{\insrsid12807907 
 Berkhamsted, the most valuable of his manors, that the final surrender of the English leaders and the effective termination of the Conqueror's 1066 campaign took place. The Count of Mortain subsequently made Berkhamsted the seat of his Honour.
\par \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Edmer Ator is named as the predecessor whose }{\insrsid12807907 '17 }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 land}{\insrsid12807907 s'}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  in Devon}{\insrsid12807907  were}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 handed over' to the Count of Mortain}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 15,31}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, and his byname is recorded in Domesday or }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Exon.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  on Mortain manors in Buckinghamshire, Devon, Hertfordshire, Middles
ex and Somerset, so he is probably the Edmer who preceded the Count in eight counties, in most if not all cases. In Buckinghamshire, Cornwall}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 5,2,3. 5,24,13-14}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 26,26;44;46;49;52;63}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and Middlesex all Edmers }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  predecessors of the Count; and in Hertfordshire only the manor of one of hi
s men was acquired by another tenant-in-chief}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 15,1.19,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , his byname being supplied in th}{\insrsid12807907 at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  case. }{\insrsid12807907 Of}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  the remaining three counties, all Edmers in Northamptonshire are probably Edmer Ator}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  all but one }{\insrsid12807907 being }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 preceded }{
\insrsid12807907 by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 the Count}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 18,5-6;9}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{\insrsid12807907 the exception at Hartwell}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 2,7}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 holding}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 a manor }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5514030 
of appropriate status less than five miles from Alderton, acquired by the Count. In Somerset, the three unidentified Edmers may be one man but are unlikely to be Edmer Ator as two of them were tenants in 1086; there is no other indication that Edmer 
Ator was alive at that date, though many Englishmen survived on the Honour of the Count of Mortain in the south-west. Finally, in Devon, where the Count of Mortain had one of his largest fiefs and Edmer Ator the bulk of his Honour,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  unidentified Edmers outnumber those of all other counties combined, so it is probable that many, perhaps the majority, were Edmer Ator. Those whose holdings were acquired by the Count of Mortain}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 DEV 15,}{\insrsid12807907 12;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 3}{\insrsid12807907 2-38}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  almost certainly were}{\insrsid12807907  (three are so-named in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5514030 Exon}{\insrsid12807907 .)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ; but there are few links which would help to identify others. Three other tenants-in-chief acquired land previously held by Edmer Ator or his men}{
\insrsid12807907  according to }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5514030 Exon}{\insrsid12807907 .}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , but none were preceded by an Edmer in Devon or elsewhere.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 A list of Edmer's manors is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 English nobility, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 pp. 280-81, which }{\insrsid12807907 does not include}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  three Somerset holdings attributed to Edmer Ator in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Exon.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , the Cornish holdings, Bolberry in Devon, or Hartwell in Northamptonshire. }{\insrsid12807907 
Dr Clarke }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ranks him twentieth in wealth among untitled laymen; the additional manors would raise him four places.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16453821 EDMUND. The name Edmund}{\insrsid12807907  occurs on two fiefs and almost forty manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16453821 , distributed among sixteen counties }{\insrsid12807907 between Wiltshire and Yorkshire }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid16453821 and the lands}{\insrsid12807907  of the king and eleven of his tenants-in-chief, with small clusters in Hampshire and Yorkshire. Survivors held sixteen manors, all acquired since 1066.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par EDMUND <OF CHILDREY>. The Edmunds whose manors of Enborne and Childrey in Berkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 45,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Stratton in Gloucestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 39,17}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 were acquired by Roger of Lacy are almost certainly the Edmund who held the valuable manor of Coleshill in Berkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 14,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, granted to Winchester abbey by Roger's father, Walter of Lacy. He is probably also one of the three thanes whose share in a hide in the same vill}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 49,1a}}}{\insrsid12807907  was acquired by Roger, the
 other thanes being Asgot of Hailes (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13698812 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ) and Brictric of Newton (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13698812 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
), who may be his brothers, also wealthy landowners. The three men may be the three free men who held the valuable royal manor of Sparsholt in Berkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 1,10}}}{\insrsid12807907 , adjacent to Childrey and where
 Brictric had another manor, possibly two: Williams, 'Introduction to the Gloucestershire Domesday', pp. 24-25. Edmund may also be the predecessor of Roger of Lacy at Hopton and Stoke in Shropshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,8,3;7}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Although his family do not otherwise appear to have held
 land in the county, Stoke is a valuable manor and Edmund the only pre-Conquest landowner of this name in Shropshire. Finally, it is not unlikely that he is the royal thane Edmund at Wraysbury in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 20,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, though there are no familial or tenurial links in this case. Both Brictric and Asgot held land in the county, and Brictric }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5834566 
at least was a royal thane. More significantly, Wraysbury is by a considerable margin the most valuable manor held by an Edmund before the Conquest, the next four - also consi
derably more valuable than any others - being held by Edmund of Childrey. Robert Gernon, who acquired Wraysbury }{\insrsid12807907 as}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5834566  his fief}{\insrsid12807907  and only manor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5834566 
 in the county, had no other Edmunds among his predecessors or tenants. A list of Edmund's manors is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5834566 English nobility, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5834566 
pp. 249-51, which does not include a share in Sparsholt, the Shropshire manors}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5834566 
 or Wraysbury. Dr Clarke ranks Asgot, Brictric and Edmund collectively as fifteenth in wealth among untitled laymen; the additional manors attributed to the three of them would place the family comfortably within the top ten.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 EDMUND [* SON OF AIULF *]. The Edmunds }{\insrsid12807907 who held}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 four suc}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
cessive manors among the king's thanes of Wiltshire may be Edmund son of Aiulf, named in the }{\insrsid12807907 fourth of them}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and }{\insrsid12807907 as}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  the 'son of Aiulf' }{
\insrsid12807907 in a fifth, the following manor}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 WIL 67,}{\insrsid12807907 55-59}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , since all five }{\insrsid12807907 thanes }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
were survivors, clustered within a few }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  of each other. The }{\insrsid12807907 remaining}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 Edmunds in the south-western counties in either 1066 or 1086 may be identified with some confidence as Edmund son of Payne. The manors of Aiulf's son are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 (no. 551) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 184.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 EDMUND [* SON OF PAYNE *]. The three Edmunds among the king's thanes in Hampshire may be Edmund son of Payne, who held another manor in that fief, at Durley. He succeeded his (unnamed) father on one manor}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
HAM 69,20}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , and was preceded on }{\insrsid12807907 another by a Saewin}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 69,54}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  who succeeded Payne - presumably Edmund's father - in the same Hundred in the New Forest}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
HAM }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 NF9,45}}}{\insrsid12807907 , where the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  third manor was also }{\insrsid12807907 located}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM NF9,45}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . The
re are no other Edmunds in the county. Edmund son of Payne also held three manors among the royal thanes in Somerset, and was a tenant-in-chief in Norfolk, where he succeeded his father.}{\insrsid12807907 
 There are no other Edmunds in the three counties. Edmund's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 527)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{
\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 184}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 EDNOTH.}{\insrsid12807907  The name Ednoth is fairly common a
mong pre-Conquest landowners but confined to eleven counties in southern England south of a line from Gloucester to Ipswich. After the Conquest the name is rare, occurring }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 once in Cornwall an}{\insrsid12807907 
d Somerset and twice in Sussex. The name is occasionally confused by the scribe with Alnoth: }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4609808 Fellows-Jensen}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4609808 
 'On the identification of Domesday tenants in Lincolnshire', }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7237629 p}{\insrsid12807907 . 32.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 EDNOTH <OF EXFORD>. }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 T}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 he tenant o}{\insrsid12807907 n}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the tiny holding }{\insrsid12807907 worth }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 30 pence}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 at Exford in Somerset }{\insrsid12807907 acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13463297 Roger of Courseulles}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 21,59}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has no links with his namesakes}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 He is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1727758 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 14904).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 EDNOTH <OF PENGELLY>.}{\insrsid12807907  The}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  tenant of the Count of Mortain at Pengelly}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 5,18,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  and the pre-Conquest lord of 
}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Rosebenault}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 5,6,4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , some }{\insrsid12807907 ten}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  miles away; }{\insrsid12807907 may be the same Ednoth. They are the onl
y two Ednoths in Cornwall, and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 the Count of Mortain }{\insrsid12807907 had no other tenants or predecessors of this name on his Honour}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . The }{\insrsid12807907 one}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  other Ednoth who might plausibly be linked with }{\insrsid12807907 him}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  held Germansweek in Devon before the Conquest}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 DEV }{\insrsid12807907 
16,8}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , acquired by Baldwin the sheriff. }{\insrsid12807907 T}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 hree other }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  held by }{\insrsid12807907 
a survivor have no links with this Ednoth}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 21,59. SUS 9,109;129}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 It has been suggested that he may be the same man as Alnoth of Tolgullow (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7691348 
q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ). His tenancy is recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 240)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 . }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 185.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 EDNOTH <OF PLAYDEN>. }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare in 1086, it is }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 probable that the tenant}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 of the Count of Eu at Playden and Hurst in Sussex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SUS 9,109;129}}}{\insrsid12807907  are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the same }{\insrsid12807907 man,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 and likely also that he is the Count's predecessor at Iden}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 9,110}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , adjacent to Playden, the }{\insrsid12807907 one}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  other Ednoth in the county. }{\insrsid12807907 
He has no links with other Ednoths}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 He is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1727758 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (nos. 15904, 15993)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .
\par 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par EDNOTH [* THE CONSTABLE *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Ednoth the constable is documented in contemporary sources as holding office under the Confessor, Harold, and the Conq
ueror; he was killed in Somerset in1067, attempting to repel an invasion by Harold's sons. He was among the twenty wealthiest English landholders. In Domesday Book, he is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  named Ednoth the constable (}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 Ednod}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 Stalre}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 ) }{\insrsid12807907 at Shippon in Berkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 7,7}}}{\insrsid12807907  }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 and Ednoth the steward (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 Ednod dapifer}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 ) }{\insrsid12807907 at Cadenham in Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 22,5}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 , }{
\insrsid12807907 both manors being acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 Earl Hugh of Chester}{\insrsid12807907 , who succeeded him on five of his six manors in Wiltshire. He is probably therefore be the Ednoth who preceded the earl in Berkshire
}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
BRK 18,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 27,3-4;6}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 18,1-4}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, with two insignificant exceptions the only Ednoths in those counties. In Somerset, three of the four manors which constituted the earl's fief were held by Ednoth, so he may have held the fourth, at Sampford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 18,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, where no pre-Conquest lord is recorded.
\par \tab Earl Hugh acquired the remainder of his fief in Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 27,1-2;8-11}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and manors in Devon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 14,1;3-4}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Gloucestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 28,5;7}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, from an Alnoth, who may be Ednoth the constable. S}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 cholarly opinion is divided }{\insrsid12807907 on this issue; but the balance of evidence tends to support the identification. Ap
art from a shared predecessor and the comparable status of many of the manors of Alnoth and Ednoth, these names are confused elsewhere by the Domesday scribe: }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4609808 Fellows-Jensen}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid4609808  'On the identification of Domesday tenants in Lincolnshire', }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7237629 p}{\insrsid12807907 . 32. Moreover, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 Ednoth the constable had a son Harding (}{
\insrsid12807907 William of Malmesbury, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 Gesta regum}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 , }{\insrsid12807907 i}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 . 47}{\insrsid12807907 0-7}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 1), }{
\insrsid12807907 named in contemporary documents (Pelteret, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7436480 Catalogue}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 1050106, 110-11, 119), while }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 Harding son of Alnoth }{\insrsid12807907 
is recorded at Lopen in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 47,3-8}}}{\insrsid12807907  and on another manor in the county in the Geld Roll: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2182095 VCH Somerset}{\insrsid12807907 
, i. 536. As Dr Williams observes, 'it does not seem necessary to postulate two men, both called Harding and both with fathers called Ednoth, in roughly the same area at the same time'. Although Alnoth the constable is 
not recorded in contemporary charters, an Alnoth the constable is named in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6717044 Exon.}{\insrsid12807907  as holding Knowle in Somerset before the Conquest}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 39,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. This manor was acquired by Osbern Giffard, who also obtained Ugford in Wiltshire from an Ednoth}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 48,12}}}{\insrsid12807907 , a manor adjacent to Ednoth the constable's manor of Burcombe}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 22,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Domesday records that Ednoth recovered Ugford from Earl Godwin of Wessex, so he was evidently a powerful or influential man. It seems improbable that a second tenant-in-chief acquired manors from both an Ednoth and an 
Alnoth the constable in the same area as Earl Hugh's predecessor (or predecessors), unless Alnoth and Ednoth were the same man in both cases. See further Freeman, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13635572 Norman Conquest}{\insrsid12807907 
, iv. 755-59; Lewis, 'Honour of Chester', pp. 67-68; Williams, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4204244 English and the Norman Conquest}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 119-22.
\par \tab Among the other Ednoths recorded in the south-west, it is likely that the Ednoth who held a significant part of the manor of Whitchurch from the bishopric of Winchester}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 3,5}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and the substantial and privileged royal manor of Ampney in Gloucestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 1,65}}}{\insrsid12807907  is the constable. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 A list of }{\insrsid12807907 his}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  manor}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11564255 English nobility}{\i\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 pp. }{\insrsid12807907 
281-82}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 , }{\insrsid12807907 which}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  }{\insrsid12807907 includes Whitchurch (or Freefolk) and Ampney, but not the Dorset manors of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 Knowle}{
\insrsid12807907  and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  Ugford}{\insrsid12807907 . Dr Clarke ranks the combined wealth of him with his son twenty-seventh among the nobility, sixteenth among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 
untitled laymen; the additional manors would raise them two and one places respectively.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 EDRIC [* GRIM *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Edric Grim is named as a predecessor of Count Alan of Brittany on the very valuable Kettleburgh among many others}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 3,34}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, so the Edric from whom the Count acquired free men in Woodbridge, included in the valuation of Kettleburgh, is evidently Edric Grim}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 3,45}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Edric is also named as the predecessor of three other tenants-in-chief, one of whom, Hugh de Montfort, acquired free men on three manors in Suffolk from an Edric who may be the Edric Grim who held the preceding manor}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 31,15-18}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Edric Grim is several times named as a man of Edric of Laxfield, suggesting he may be the Edric who held the demesne manors of Cretingham, Debenham, Fordley, Chediston, Cransford, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15476183 Brutge}{\insrsid12807907 
 and Campsey as Laxfield's depende}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15476183 nt}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15476183 SUF 4,18. 6,11;79. 7,15;142. 67,5;28}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15476183 . }{\insrsid12807907 
Debenham and Fordley were acquired by Robert Malet, Edric of Laxfield's successor, together with Darsham and South Cove, where Edrics were, respectively, overlord and tenant}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 6,78;97}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. The predecessor at South Cove was Edric of Laxfield and Edric is Malet's only tenant of this name,
 so he is probably Edric Grim. Further confirmation of his identity here and Fordley is provided by the interesting account at Fordley of the circumstances in which he became a man of King Edward when Edric of Laxfield was outlawed, but was allowed to ret
urn to his allegiance later, Edric of Laxfield presumably having been pardoned. The Hundred jury was sceptical, and '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15476183 did not see that he returned to}{\insrsid12807907 
 Edric'; but he affirmed that he had; offered to undergo a trial to prove so for himself and 'also the free men whom he holds under him in patronage', in respect of whom 'he recalls Robert [Malet] as guarantor'}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 6,79}}}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par \tab If this identification is valid, Edric Grim was treated more '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15476183 harshly and wretchedly}{\insrsid12807907 ' than most survivors, his manorial income declining from almost \'a35
0 to three shillings, unless he is also one of the other two Edric's holding land in the county in 1086, at Bungay}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 1,111}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Flowton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 29,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Bungay, about fourteen miles from South Cove, is the more likely but there are no links to warrant a connection. Edric's income before the Conquest ranks him as a magnate of regional importance, with land valued at almost \'a3
50; he would rank seventy-eighth among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 untitled laymen if included in Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15336664 English nobility}{\insrsid12807907 . The tenant at South Cove is unidentified in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 11931).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 EDRIC [* OF BAYSTON *].}{\insrsid12807907  Edric, who leased Bayston in Shropshire from the bishop of Hereford before the Conquest}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13063216 SHR 4,14,12}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , 
may be one of the two Edrics who witnessed one of the bishop's charters, more probably his steward than Edric of Wenlock since the implication of the claim concerning the tenure of Bayston recorded in Domesday is that Edric died before 1086, when Edric of
 Wenlock, alias Edric the wild, was still alive: Mason, 'Edric of Bayston', pp. 112-18; Galbraith, 'Episcopal land-grant', pp. 364, 371-72; Williams, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4204244 English and the Norman Conquest}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 93.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 EDRIC [* OF EASTHORPE *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Edric, from whom Count Eustace of Boulogne acquired Easthorpe in Essex, is probably Edric of Easthorpe, whose manor at 'Derleigh' devolved upon Ranulf brother of Ilger}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
ESS 20,40. 37,20}}}{\insrsid12807907 . He may also be the Edric who preceded the Count on the two previous manors on his fief}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 20,38-39}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. All three were substantial; two were subinfeudated to the same tenant; and Count Eustace had no other predecessors or tenants named Edric on his Honour
. Ranulf had two, both identified as Edric of Laxfield, conceivably the same man, but there are no links to confirm this.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 EDRIC [* OF ELHAM *]. Edric of Elham is named as predecessor of the bishop of Bayeux at Ewell and Tickenhurst in Kent, and is almost certainly the Edric who preceded him on the very valuable manor of Elham itself}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
KEN 5,129}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 There is little reason to doubt that he is the Edric who preceded the }{\insrsid12807907 b}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
ishop on other manors in the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 KEN }{\insrsid12807907 5,186;204}}}{\insrsid12807907  since}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 these, too, were valuable and the few other Edrics in the county have associations with the bishop and are probably the same man. Edric's Canterbury manor of Garrington was previously held by the bishop of Bayeux}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 7,6}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , and those Hugh de Montfort }{\insrsid12807907 acquired from Edric }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 at Newington and Ewell were part of manors he held as a tenant of the bishop}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 9,35;37}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 Dr Williams suggests he 'perhaps' held Solton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5852754 KEN 5,187}}}{\insrsid12807907 , which follows Ewell and West Cliffe and w
here no pre-Conquest lord is named: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11494992 World before Domesday}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 49, 172-73 and notes 28-30. The manor was valued at \'a3
15 in 1066; but the valuation is so disproportionate to the manor's resources that a scribal error for 15 shillings seems likely. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 The identity of the one remaining Edric, on a modest property at 'Stokenbury'}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
KEN 3,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , is less certain; but even here there is an indirect association with Odo: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday Monachorum}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, p. 94. Edric may also have held the valuable manor of Dorking in Surrey}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUR 1,13}}}{\insrsid12807907 , where}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  the bishop of Bayeux had an interest}{\insrsid12807907 ;}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  this Edric is one of two in the county, the only one of substance}{\insrsid12807907 . Dorking was 'held' by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Queen Edith}{\insrsid12807907 
, so Edric was her man or may have preceded or succeeded her, in which latter case he survived the Conquest by a decade; but the text of the entry is ambiguous. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 There are similar }{\insrsid12807907 high-status}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  manors held by Edrics in Berkshire and Hampshire,}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
but no tenurial associations to connect them to Edric of Elham. A list of his manors is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 English nobility, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 pp. 304-305, which does not include 'Stokenbury'}{
\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Dorking}{\insrsid12807907  or Solton}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 Dr Clarke }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
ranks him fifty-sixth in wealth among untitled laymen; the addition of Dorking would place him comfortably among the top forty.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 EDRIC <OF KILLAMARSH>. Edric}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who shared }{\insrsid12807907 a}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  modest holding at Killamarsh in Derbyshire with two or }{
\insrsid12807907 three other lords before the Conquest}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 17,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 , has no links with other Edrics; he is the mos
t northerly of the Edrics and somewhat isolated, his closest namesake being Roger of Bully's predecessor on a similarly modest holding at Weston, twenty-five miles away}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 EDRIC [* OF LAXFIELD *]. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2454779 Edric was the greatest landowner in East Anglia }{\insrsid12807907 before the Conquest, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2454779 
and one of the greatest in England after the earls. }{\insrsid12807907 He is named in full on the majority of his manors; but where he is not, m}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3954218 any have }{\insrsid12807907 identifying }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3954218 
characteristics}{\insrsid12807907 , though h}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2454779 is name is so common it is unlikely all can be identified. }{\insrsid12807907 With the possible exception of a minor Wiltshire holding}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 67,53}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, all his pre-Conquest lands were in East Anglia, almost all in eastern Suffolk. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3954218 He was the designated predecessor of Robert Malet on several hundred occasions where he can be identified with some confidence}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , his name occurring so often that the scribes frequently abbreviated it to a simple E. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3954218 Robert's five other named }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3954218 antecessores}{\insrsid12807907  total
}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3954218  scarcely a dozen mentions between them}{\insrsid12807907 , so it is likely}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3954218  that virtually all the references }{\insrsid12807907 to Edric on the Malet fief, or }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 to an unnamed predecessor of Robert Malet }{\insrsid12807907 elsewhere, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 are to Edric of Laxfield.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 \tab Earl Ralph Wader provides another link. He was granted many of Edric's manors and free men, }{\insrsid12807907 which}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  after }{\insrsid12807907 his }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
own forfeiture were redistributed to Roger Bigot, Bishop Odo of Bayeux, Count Alan of Brittany and others, resulting in a number of disputes which help to identify Edric. }{\insrsid12807907 All three tenants-in-c
hief acquired other manors of Edric's dependants where Earl Ralph is not mentioned, though he may have been the intermediate landowner in some at least of these cases. Edric may also be identified by association with such known dependents as}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid3954218  Edric Grim, Stanwin, Ulfkil}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2454779  }{\insrsid12807907 and others. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2454779 The status of some }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2454779 , }{
\insrsid12807907 links between them and their dependencies, and manors acquired by other tenants-in-chief in vills where Edric is identified, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2454779 provide other }{\insrsid12807907 
identifying characteristics, as do the many vills where an unide
ntified Edric held land acquired by two or more of Edric's successors, as at Dilham, Glemham and Stalham in Norfolk, and Benhall, Blaxhall and 'Thorpe' in Suffolk. Holdings which went to other tenants-in-chief may sometimes be identified as Edric's by the
 
same means. These characteristics enable Edric to be identified on roughly two hundred manors, too many to list here. Of the thirty-eight demesne manors, six were retained by the king; twenty-five acquired by Robert Malet, including Laxfield itself; and t
h
e other seven by five tenants-in-chief. The name Edric is so common that it is likely he held more manors than those identified here; it is unlikely, however, that these are significant since of some three dozen unidentified Edric in East Anglia, only the
 lord of Frettenham in Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 26,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  held a manor worth more than \'a31.50, and only three were overlords.
\par \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7960144 Edric was outlawed by Edward the Confessor, apparently early in the reign}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7960144  but restored with Harold's agreement, or perhaps by Harold }{\insrsid12807907 himself}
{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid7960144 SUF 6,79;92}{\insrsid12807907 . 7,114}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7960144 . He is normally assumed to have died}{\insrsid12807907  shortly after the Conquest (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10488148 Domesday Book}{
\insrsid12807907 , ed. Hallam and Bates, pp. 114, 210, note 53), and had certainly lost many of his estates before the death of William Malet in 1069 and the forfeiture of Ralph Wader in 1076; but, improbable 
as it may seem, charter evidence from Bury St Edmunds, though circumstantial, suggests that he survived on a very modest thaneland in Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 67,53}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 under the alias of Edric the blind: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11235765 Feudal documents}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. xc-xciii, 151-52. According to one Suffolk entry}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 4,15}}}{\insrsid12807907 , he
 was also named Edric son of Ingold, Ingold being a name not otherwise recorded in Domesday.
\par \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 A list of }{\insrsid12807907 his}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  manor}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11564255 English nobility}{
\i\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 pp.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2454779  283-302}{\insrsid12807907 . As is Dr Clarke's practice, it does not include dependencies or many free holdings without
 pre-Conquest valuations; but it does interpret references to}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2454779  Malet's }{\insrsid12807907 (unnamed) }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2454779 predecessor }{\insrsid12807907 as referring to Edric, as here. Additionally,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2454779  }{\insrsid12807907 Dr Clarke assumes that }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2454779 land with Malet associations }{\insrsid12807907 said to be }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2454779 'under patronage' }{\insrsid12807907 
implies that Edric was Malet's predecessor, even though }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3954218 no predecessor is }{\insrsid12807907 mentioned, which adds several dozen holdings to Edric's total}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3954218 .}{\insrsid12807907 
 Given the ambiguity of the text of Little Domesday, some of these references may refer to post-Conquest conditions (e.g., SUF 45,2-3) so this practice has n
ot been followed here. Ambiguities, and alternative construction put on some formulae, inevitably mean that there are differences between Dr Clarke's list and the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4921558 Statistics}{\insrsid12807907 
 database, especially in relation to the free holdings of Edric's dependents. Among the more significant divergences are demesne holdings at Pewsey and Hartham in Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 67,50;53}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, and Bacton and Walcot in Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 7,18. 36,5}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; and those of his men at Cretingham, Redlingfield, Rendlesham, Livermere, and Aspall in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 4,18. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11235765 6,192}{
\insrsid12807907 ;272. 14,68. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11235765 77,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Dr Clarke ranks Edric twelfth in wealth among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 untitled laymen, twenty second among}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 the nobility; the additional manors would raise him one place in each case. Edric's Wiltshire tenancy is recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 195)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  185.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 EDRIC <OF TISSINGTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 The Edrics from whom Henry of Ferrers acquired five manors in Derbyshire are probably one man. The name is not common in the northern counties, occurring only twice more in}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Derbyshire, }{\insrsid12807907 once in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Nottinghamshire}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and }{\insrsid12807907 not all in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
Yorkshire}{\insrsid12807907 . At both }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Tissington and Etwall}{\insrsid12807907  Edric}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  associated with a Gamal and a Wulfgeat}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 DBY 6,7;98}}}{\insrsid12807907 , the remaining three manors clustering around Etwall}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 6,34;39;49}}}{\insrsid12807907 . There are no other Edrics among Henry's predecessors or tenants.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 EDRIC <OF WESTON>. Edric}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who}{\insrsid12807907 se modest}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  shared holding at Weston in Nottinghamshire }{\insrsid12807907 
was acquired by Roger of Bully}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 NTT 9,70}{\insrsid12807907 -71}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 
has no links with other Edrics. His manor is somewhat isolated from those of his namesakes, the closest being a thane on a similarly modest holding at Killamarsh, twenty-five miles away. Roger had no other predecessors or tenants of this name.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 EDRIC [* THE REEVE *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Edrics who held seven manors among the king's thanes of Dorset in 1086, said to be the same man on six of them}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 56,42-47}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9049392 ;49}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , is probably Edric the reeve, who owed tax on a hide in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7016106 Hasler}{\insrsid12807907  Hundred where two of the manors lay: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7421432 VCH Dorset}{\insrsid12807907 
, iii. 142. There are no other survivors of this name in the county. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 1765)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  185.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 EDRIC }{\insrsid12807907 [* THE SHERIFF *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Edric}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 who preceded}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 Arnulf of Hesdin on his fief in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 41,1-3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and on manors in Hampshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 26,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , Wiltshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
WIL 25,4-5;24}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 32,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and Gloucestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 60,4-7}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is presumably }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Arnulf}{\insrsid12807907 's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 designated predecessor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . He }{\insrsid12807907 is probably}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 also the Edric at Linkenholt in Hampshire, granted by Arnulf to St Peter's of Gloucester}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 7,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. Several of these manors are valuable, Edric being one of the most substantial of Arnulf's predecessors. He may be }{\insrsid12807907 Edric the sheriff,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 named on one entry}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 45,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , who }{\insrsid12807907 is otherwise without known demesne land in the county. Edric }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 preceded Edward of Salisbury }{\insrsid12807907 as sheriff}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , both men holding land in Etchilhampton}{\insrsid12807907 
, where no Anglo-Saxon lord is named on Edward's manor - the largest in the vill - which was conceivably held by Edric before him}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 As sheriff, Edric may also be the tenant in
 1066 of thaneland on the royal manor of Chippenham, where he leased }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1714093 land from the 'lordship revenue' to Ceolwin}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 1,5. 45,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1714093 
. His name is so common that he may have held manors elsewhere, though there are no unidentified Edrics in the vills or Hundreds in}{\insrsid12807907  which he can be identified}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. He was dead by 1086, survived by his wife, who was allowed to retain }{\insrsid12807907 Etchilhampton and Calstone}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 in Wiltshire as a tenant of Arnulf, with a house in Malmesbury, a generous provision by normal standards.}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 She may be the Estrild recorded in th
e Wiltshire Geld Roll for 'Studfold' Hundred}{\insrsid12807907 , where Etchilhampton lay}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 VCH Wiltshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , ii. 197. }{\insrsid12807907 
The only Estrild recorded in Domesday Book itself is a nun in Middlesex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab MDX 17,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 . }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 A list of Edric's manors is given by Clarke, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 English nobility}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 305, }{\insrsid12807907 who does not identify him as the sheriff or include the Chippenham holdings; Dr Clarke }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
ranks him sixtieth in wealth among untitled laymen. His widow's manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 1302) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 441}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par 
\par ...}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .............................................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 EDRIC [* THE }{\insrsid12807907 STEERSMAN}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Edric, steersman of King Edward's ship, is named as holding land before the Conquest at Bradeston and Burl
ingham in Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 10,76-77}}}{\insrsid12807907  acquired by the bishop of Thetford. It is likely he is the Edric whose manor at Blakeney}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 10,56}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 was held by the bishop and subinfeudated to the tenant of Burlingham, William of Noyers.
\par \tab The fourteenth century chronicle of the abbey of St Benet
 of Holme records that Edric the steersman was one of the principal benefactors of the abbey, donating manors in the vills of Honing, Calthorpe, Erpingham, Antingham and Waxham in north-east Norfolk: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid883080 
Chronicle of John of Oxenede}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 267. Of these, an Edric is recorded in Domesday at Honing}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 17,51}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Waxham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 4,40;42}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. The Honing entry suggests that the arrangement between Edric and the abbey was more complex than the chronicle records, Edric enjoying a substantial manor from the abbey in return for the reversion of his sh
are of the vill; the entries for Waxham also show Edric profiting at the expense of the abbey in the post-Conquest period, the Waxham holdings devolving upon Count Alan of Brittany, not the abbey. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Count Alan acquired manors in Ingham, Stalham, Happisburgh, Palling and Catfield from Edric, who is probably the same man since the entry for Happisburgh}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 1,197. 4,39;41;51}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 provides a further link with the abbey of St Benet and implies that the Count's tenant was }{\insrsid12807907 a}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  man of Edric of Laxfield before the Conquest, linking the three ent
ries. All these vills lay in the same Hundred as Waxham, two of them adjacent}{\insrsid12807907  to that vill}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par \tab Though circumstantial, the case for identification appears }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 fairly }{\insrsid12807907 strong but there is a problem: the Domesday entries which name Edric as the steersman}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 10,76-77}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 also recount that he was outlawed after the Conquest and fled to Denmark, whereas Count Alan's man was active after the forfeiture of Earl Ralph Wader (1076) and apparently still alive in 1086, with a modest holding in Happisburgh}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NFK 4,51}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Some rebels did, of course, make their peace with the Conqueror}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{\insrsid12807907 
one of them being the abbot of St Benet, with whom Edric fled to Denmark: Williams, 'Land and power', pp. 179-80. A}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 n}{\insrsid12807907  entry for Saxlingham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 17,18}}}{\insrsid12807907  suggests a }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 possible }{\insrsid12807907 mechanism}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 for}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Edric's }{\insrsid12807907 return to favour, recording that Edric pled
ged an estate to St Benet of Holme after the Conquest in order to raise the substantial sum of \'a3
13 'so that he might however redeem himself from capture by Waleran', Waleran presumably acting in an official capacity. The same entry reveals that Edric held 
land from the abbey on lease before the Conquest, confirming that this Edric is probably the abbey's 'benefactor', as also at Paston and Swafield}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid883080 NFK 19,35}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , less than three miles from one of the vills said by the abbey's chronicler to have been}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  donated by Edric the steersman}{\insrsid12807907 , and a few miles more from several others}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907  He is probably also the overlord of a number of free men centred in Thorpe Market}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 8,123-125;127;132}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Thorpe and its dependencies form a close grouping in one corner of the Hundred of North Erpingham, Thorpe itself lying three}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 
miles from Antingham, one of the vills named by the Holme chronicler as a donation of Edric the steersman. Edric may himself have held the central manor at Thorpe, attributed in Domesday to an anonymous free man}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 8,122}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Another manor in this group, Aylmerton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid527828 NFK 8,132}}}{\insrsid12807907 , was held from Edric by Wigulf of Coddenham (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid527828 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
), also his man at Crowfield in Suffolk, acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid527828 Roger of Rames}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid527828 SUF 38,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 , who had one other Edric among his predecessors, at Rayne in Essex}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid527828 ESS 39,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 . There are comparatively few unidentified Edrics in Essex so he, too, may be the steersman. Edric's subtenancy is not included in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907 .

\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 EDRIC [* THE WILD *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Edric the wild is accorded his byname - }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6558822 silvaticus}{\insrsid12807907  or }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6558822 salvage}{\insrsid12807907 
 - once in Herefordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }
{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 9,3}}}{\insrsid12807907  and six times in Shropshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,1,14;18;20. 4,5,13. 4,10,3. 4,22,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. He can also be identified with reasonable confidence in vills where the Savage family - presumably his descendants - have left their mark at some time or another on village surnames: Amport in Hampshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 29,15}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, and Eudon and Walton in Shropshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,11,5;12}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; Overton also descended to the Savage family}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,11,16}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Edric's manors in these vills were acquired by Ralph of Mortimer, who also held the one Herefordshire manor of Edric the wild, 
who may therefore be the Edric whose manors Ralph acquired elsewhere. This is probably the case in Herefordshire, where five of the eight manors of an Edric became Ralph's}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 9,3;5;11;15-16}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Of the other three, two were held in 1086 and there are grounds for believing that Edric the wild still held land at this date (below). In Shropshire, Mortimer acquired another three of Edric's manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,11,15. 6,13-14}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, and also Stretton in Warwickshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 25,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Osbaston and 'Weston' in Leicestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 21,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907  }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 which, as }{\insrsid12807907 they are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  his entire fief}{\insrsid12807907 s in those counties}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , probably devolved upon him as Edric's designated successor.}{
\insrsid12807907  In Leicestershire, Edric - the only Edric in the county - is paired with Edith, perhaps Queen Edith (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10639745 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
), from whom Ralph obtained many of his manors in Herefordshire and Shropshire. Finally, in
 Hampshire, where Edric preceded Ralph at Amport, he may also be the Edric on a second manor in that vill since Ralph's five hides is said to belong to this second manor}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5011680 HAM 23,44}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , the two constituting the whole of the vill which had evidently been undivided before
 the Conquest, and so held by one man. The second and larger manor was held in 1086 by Hugh of Port who was also preceded by an Edric on four other manors in the county, one - East Cholderton - a mile from Amport, another - Over Wallop - less than five mi
les away}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 9,2. 23,42-44;46}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Hugh's predecessor at Amport is probably Edric the wild, and possibly also on the nearby manors and elsewhere in the county. Hugh also acquired two of the manors of the Kentish magnate Edric of Elham; but it is improbable he is the same man as Ed
ric the wild, having none of his other associations.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5011680 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 \tab Of the other tenants-in-chief with manors previously held by Edric the wild, Earl Roger of Shrewsbury obtained from an Edric those in the adjacent vills of Siefton and Culmington}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,1,28-29}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, both are fairly substantial so likely to have been Edric the wild's; he also acquired Acton Scott}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,27,33}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Edric the wild was the predecessor of Robert of Corbet at Middleton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,5,13}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and may well be the Edric who preceded his brother Roger on five manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,4,4;10-11;14;16}}}{\insrsid12807907 , two of them substantial. Ranulf Peverel, who obtained Weston from Edric }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8667848 Salvage}{\insrsid12807907 , also had the more valuable Cressage from an unidentified Edric}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,10,1;3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, Hugh son of Thorgisl had a similar pairing}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,22,1;3}}}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par \tab The manors thus attributed to Edric the wild include eight of the ten most valuable in Shropshire. The two most valuable, at Clun and Hopesay}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,20,6;8}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, are likely to have been his, too, strategic considerations pointing to the same conclusion. They were acquired by Picot of Sai, who also had three further manors from an Edric}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,20,12;22-23}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Reginald of Balliol, the sheriff, was another tenant-in-chief who acquired several manors from an Edric}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12205348 4,3,19;32;37;39;65}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, identified by Dr Clarke as Edric the wild. None were valuable, all but one being wasted; but their distribution is suggestive: Middleton Scriven}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,3,65}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 is two miles from the Mortimer vill of Eudon George, once Eudon Savage, and Kenley}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,319}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 four from the Peverel manor at Cressage. Much the same is true of the other manors attributed by Dr Clarke to Edric the wild, all but Shawbury}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,23,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 being within four miles of another of his manors: Pitchford, Oxenbold, Harley, Alcaston, Cantlop and Ackhill}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,19,12. 4,21,4;8;19. 4,25,1. 5,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par \tab Edric the wild was reconciled with the Conqueror in 1070 and campaigned with him in Scotland in 1072. The date of his death is unknown, but Dr Williams suggests he was alive in 1086 and may be identified as t
he Edric son of Aelfric (or Edric of Wenlock) who witnessed two charters of the bishop of Hereford and held land from Wenlock priory in 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 3c,8;14}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, in which case the only other surviving Edrics in the area, at 'Cuple' and Laysters in Herefordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 10,74. 36,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 , may also be him (above): }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4204244 English and the Norman Conquest}{
\insrsid12807907 , pp. 92-93; Reynolds, 'Eadric }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8151303 silvaticus}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4929034 '}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 102-105. It has also been suggested that he is the Edric at Hindlip, steersman of the bishop of Worcester}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11213256 WOR 2,52}}}{\insrsid12807907 , though this is 'more speculative' than his identification as }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Edric of Wenlock}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4204244 English and the Norman Conquest}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 p. 9}{\insrsid12807907 3. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 
A list of }{\insrsid12807907 Edric's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  manor}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 English }{\i\insrsid12807907 n}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 obility}{\i\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 pp. }{\insrsid12807907 303-304}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 , }{\insrsid12807907 which}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  }{\insrsid12807907 
does not include the Hampshire, Warwickshire or Leicestershire manors, or Elton, Birley and Laysters in Herefordshire, but adds Bayston}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,14,12}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7622113 
, more probably held by another Edric, Edric of Bayston. Edric is ranked by Dr Clarke thirty-seventh in wealth among untitled laymen; the additional holdings, minus Bayston, would raise him almost a dozen places. Edric son of Aelf
ric is recorded as another man in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7622113 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7622113  (no. 6331),}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  185; the Edrics at 'Cuple' and Laysters' are unidentified (nos. 30383, 30576).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 EDWARD }{\insrsid12807907 <OF GRAPPENHALL>. All Edwards in Cheshire are 'certainly' one man: }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid488012 Sawyer}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid488012 and Thacker}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid488012  '}{\insrsid12807907 Domesday survey of Cheshire'}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid488012 , }{\insrsid12807907 pp. 321-22. All but one of his eight manors lie in a cluster in the adjacent Hundreds of }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid27854 Tunendune}{\insrsid12807907  and Bucklow, three of them - Lymm, Dutton and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid27854 Grappenhall}{\insrsid12807907  - held from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid27854 Osbern son of Tezzo}{\insrsid12807907 
, whom he preceded on the same manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid27854 24,5;7;9}}}{\insrsid12807907 . The other four were acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid27854 William son of Nigel}{\insrsid12807907 
, who also succeeded Edward at Clutton, thirty miles or so south of the cluster}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid27854 9,4;16;22-23;25}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Each of the tenants-in-chief acquired manors in both Hundreds. All eight manors are of similarly modest status. Edward is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1727758 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (nos. 28945, 28948, 28950).}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid27854 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 EDWARD [* OF SALISBURY *]. The Edwards who farmed the royal manor of Woodchester in Gloucestershire and held manors from Glastonbury abbey and Earl Hugh in Wiltshire are probably the sheriff of th}{\insrsid12807907 at}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  county, Edward of Salisbury. At Woodchester}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 1,63}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, his identity is indicated by the reference to his holding the land 'in the revenue of Wiltshire', and his tenancy of the Wiltshire manors is suggested by fees there by his descendants, three of which lay in vills in which he held land as tenant-in-chief
}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
WIL 7,4;7;12-13. 22,3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 710, 720, 723; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 VCH Wiltshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, xii. 128-29. }{\insrsid12807907 He is also the Edward who held two hides from Malmesbury abbey}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 at Bremhill}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 8,12}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, which is a partial duplicate of a manor on hi
s own fief, identified by his tenant Gilbert in both entries; and it is probable that he is the Edward who held a second subtenancy of four hides in this Malmesbury manor alongside a Theodric, Theodric being one of his tenants and the only Theodric in the
 county or on either Honour. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
There are more unidentified Edwards in Wiltshire than in any other county, which probably means that several other tenancies were held by the sheriff, those of the churches being the most likely}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 
candidates}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WI}{\insrsid12807907 L 2,3. 3,4. 13,3;16. 14,1. 15,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , particularly land held in Salisbury from the bishopric and at Ashton from the abbey of Amesbury}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
WIL 3,4. 15,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , though in the absence of specific links they are not here }{\insrsid12807907 assigned}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 to the sheriff. Although he is not recorded as holding land before the Conquest, Edward may have been an Englishman, his mother possibly }{\insrsid12807907 being }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Wulfwynn of Creslow (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ), in which case he was the most prosperous of the survivors by a very considerable margin: Williams, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4204244 English and the Norman Conquest}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, pp. 105-107. His manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 734) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, pp. 186-87, apart from Mildenhall}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 Bremhill and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Hartham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 7,7. 8,12. 22,3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, whose tenants are unidentified (nos. 16640, }{\insrsid12807907 16688, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 16791)}{\insrsid12807907 , but with the addition of part of the manor of Urchfont}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5003125 WIL 14,1}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .
\par }{\b\insrsid12807907\charrsid5382107 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2362054 EDWARD [* THE NOBLE *]. Edward}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid2362054  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2362054 cilt}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2362054  is }{\insrsid12807907 named }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2362054 as }{\insrsid12807907 a }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2362054 
predecessor of the Count of Mortain }{\insrsid12807907 on two manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2362054  in Buckinghamshire}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2362054 and }{\insrsid12807907 of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2362054 Walter Giffard }{
\insrsid12807907 on four, so he is presumably the Edward Walter succeeded at Woolstone}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 14,36}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Edward }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2362054 cilt}{\insrsid12807907  also preceded }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2362054 Countess Judith }{\insrsid12807907 on a substantial holding in and around }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2362054 Stamford}{\insrsid12807907  and on the manor of Witham }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2362054 in Lincolnshire}{
\insrsid12807907 , so he may be the Edward from whom she obtained three respectable manors in Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 56,25-27;36}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, and - less certainly - a tiny holding at Sutton in Bedfordshire, where Edward is described as a man of the abbot of St Albans}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 53,25}}}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2362054 The few }{\insrsid12807907 other }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2362054 Edwards in }{\insrsid12807907 Buckinghamshire, Northamptonshire or }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2362054 Lincolnshire }{\insrsid12807907 may also be}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2362054  Edward}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid2362054  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2362054 cilt}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2362054 . The substantial manor of Broughton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 15,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2362054  acquired by William of Warenne}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2362054  }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2362054  }{\insrsid12807907 eleven}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2362054  miles from }{
\insrsid12807907 the noble }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2362054 Edward's principal manor }{\insrsid12807907 at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2362054  Wing}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 12,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2362054  and even closer to another of his }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2362054 , at Crafton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 12,8}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2362054 . }{
\insrsid12807907 If he held }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2362054 Broughton}{\insrsid12807907 , he probably held}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2362054  Caversfield}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 15,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2362054 , }{
\insrsid12807907 since they formed the entire fief of William of Warenne.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2362054  In Lincolnshire, the unidentified Edward at Bytham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2362054 LIN }{\insrsid12807907 
30,31}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2362054  was encircled by Judith's holdings; and the Edward who exchanged the substantial manor of Thoresby}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2362054 LIN 4,42}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2362054  with the }{\insrsid12807907 bishop of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2362054  Bayeux can only have been someone of the status of Edward}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid2362054  the noble}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2362054 
. If he were that man, then he }{\insrsid12807907 may}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2362054  also}{\insrsid12807907  have}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2362054  held the nearby }{\insrsid12807907 manor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2362054  at Binbrook}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
LIN 57,6}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2362054 . }{\insrsid12807907 I}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2362054 n Northamptonshire, the one unidentified Edward held Empingham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 35,9}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2362054 
, three miles from }{\insrsid12807907 Judith's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2362054  manor of Tickencote}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 56,26}}}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par \tab Edward was a man of several lords: at Caversfield, a man of Earl Tosti, elsewhere a royal thane}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 14,23}}}{\insrsid12807907 , or a man of Earl Harold}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 12,7}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2362054 .}{
\insrsid12807907  He may have survived until 1086 since he is recorded as holding the third part of a church in Witham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 2,34}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. No other Edward held land in Buckinghamshire, Northamptonshire or }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2362054 Lincolnshire}{\insrsid12807907  or on the fiefs of the tenants-in-chief who acquired the manors of Edward }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2362054 cilt}{
\insrsid12807907  in 1086 so, if not a scribal error, Edward the noble survived in extremely straightened circumstances. A}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  list of }{\insrsid12807907 his}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  manor}{\insrsid12807907 s}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 English }{\i\insrsid12807907 n}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 obility}{\i\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 p. }{\insrsid12807907 306}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 , }{\insrsid12807907 which does not include }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2362054 Caversfield }{\insrsid12807907 or }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2362054 Empingham}{\insrsid12807907  and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2362054 
 accidentally assigns the Buckinghamshire holdings to Hertfordshire}{\insrsid12807907  and records the church at Witham as a pre-Conquest holding. He ranks Edward forty-first in wealth among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 
untitled laymen; the additional manors would raise him a couple of places. Edward's tenancy is recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 4507)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  186.}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 [* EARL *] EDWIN. }{\insrsid12807907 
The estates and career of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8874256 Earl }{\insrsid12807907 Edwin,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8874256  son of }{\insrsid12807907 Earl Algar of Mercia and brother of Earl Morcar. are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8874256  documented }{
\insrsid12807907 in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8874256  }{\insrsid12807907 Baxter, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 Earls of Mercia}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 48-57. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2108095 Although }{\insrsid12807907 his}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2108095  name is a common one, the }{\insrsid12807907 scribe appears to have been careful to identify him by his title. In the very few cases where this appears not to be the case, his circumstances allow him to}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2108095  be identified with reasonable confidence. }{\insrsid12807907 In Yorkshire, the full jurisdictional rights held by Edwin and Morcar}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS C36}}}{\insrsid12807907  }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid684667 evidentl}{\insrsid12807907 y belonged to the brother earls,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid684667  and the Edwin at Cowling}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 6N128}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid684667  may be the earl
}{\insrsid12807907 , since Count Alan of Brittany also acquired the bulk of his }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid684667 manors in the county}{\insrsid12807907 , in which o}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid684667 nly one other Edwin }{\insrsid12807907 
can be identified as holding}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid684667  land}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 2B8}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid684667 . }{\insrsid12807907 At Mission in Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 1,65. 30,44}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, the post-Conquest lord is named as Tosti in one case and is omitted in another; but Mission was a jurisdiction of the royal manor of Kirton-in-Lindsey in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 LIN 1,38}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , which Earl Edwin held in 1066, evidently in succession to the outlawed Earl Tosti. Another scribal error may have occurred at Wychbold in Worcestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16611399 WOR 19,12}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , attributed by the scribe to Earl Godwin but by Hemming to Edwin, brother of Earl Leofric, so perhaps Earl Edwin was intended: Williams, 'Introduction to the Worcestershire Domesday', p. 22. Similarly, at Burton Bradstock in Dorset}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 DOR 56,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 , the Earl Edwin recorded there is probably a scribal error for Earl Godwin (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15296290 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ).
\par \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid684667 Despite the ubiquity of his}{\insrsid12807907  name, it is unlikely that there are many, if indeed any, other unidentified Edwins who were the earl, since few held manors of any consequence. }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 In Cheshire, where he was the dominant landowner, }{\insrsid12807907 more than a dozen manors were held by unidentified}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Edwin}{\insrsid12807907 
s; but only one was worth more than ten shillings, a sum exceeded by almost all those assigned to the earl, who held more than a third of the manorial value and a sixth of the hidage of the county}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 : }{\insrsid12807907 
Sawyer and Thacker, 'Domesday survey of Cheshire', p.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  322}{\insrsid12807907 ; Lewis, 'I}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8214004 ntroduction to the Cheshire Domesday}{\insrsid12807907 ', pp. 13-15}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 Outside the county, only the handsome manor of Stoke in Oxfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 35,10}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 may have been his. Oxfordshire was a Mercian county; but the manor has no apparent royal or comital associations, and Edwin might here be Edwin the sheriff, or the Edwin whose lands were acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5638618 Walter son of Poyntz
}{\insrsid12807907 . Dr Williams gives Edwin a total of 600 hides/carucates excluding dependencies - the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15540512 Statistics}{\insrsid12807907 
 database 1019 with dependencies - and suggests that Edwin probably also held the Staffordshire manors - 115 hides - entered under the name of his dead father, Earl Algar: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4204244 English and the Norman Conquest}{
\insrsid12807907 , pp. 51-52. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 A list of }{\insrsid12807907 Edwin}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 's manor}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  is given by Clarke, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11564255 English nobility}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 , pp. }{\insrsid12807907 212-15, which does not include Bedworth in Warwickshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16021215 WAR 16,44}}}{
\insrsid12807907  or Mission and Cowling. Edwin is ranked sixth in wealth among the nobility by Dr Clarke; the addition of Algar's Staffordshire manors would raise him to third place. Baxter, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 Earls of Mercia}{
\insrsid12807907 , p. 129, supplies a considerably higher estimate of his manorial income; the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6105212 Statistics}{\insrsid12807907  database total (\'a3721) lies between the two, closer to that of Dr Baxter.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 EDWIN [* OF BUTTERLEIGH *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Edwin, who held Butterleigh in Devon in 1066 and 1086, is evidently Edwin of Butterleigh, who held the following manor of Clyst William in 1086, for which he owed tax in }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid8668521 Silverton}{\insrsid12807907  Hundred, where Clyst lay}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 52,38-39}}}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8668521 Devonshire Domesday}{\insrsid12807907 
, i. p. xxvii. He is the only surviving Edwin in the county, all other surviving Edwins in the south-western counties bei
ng identifiable as another man. Since he held Butterleigh before the Conquest, he may be one of several other pre-Conquest Edwins, the most likely being the Edwin in the adjacent vill of Ponsford; but the name is common and there are no links to connect t
hem. Edwin's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 809)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{
\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  186.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par EDWIN <OF POULTON>. All fourteen Edwards in the Cheshire folios may be one man: }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid488012 Sawyer}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid488012 and Thacker}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid488012  '}{
\insrsid12807907 Domesday survey of Cheshire'}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid488012 , }{\insrsid12807907 p. 322. He preceded }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718341 Robert son of Hugh}{\insrsid12807907  on a tight cluster of seven manors in '}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718341 Duddeston'}{\insrsid12807907  Hundred}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718341 2,7-12;20}}}{\insrsid12807907 , on the first six of which he was also Robert's
 tenant. In the same Hundred, he preceded Richard the butler at Poulton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 6,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718341 Gilbert the hunter}{\insrsid12807907  at Eccleston}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
CHS 17,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718341 Osbern son of Tezzo}{\insrsid12807907  at Golborne}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 24,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; Gilbert also acquired Hope}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
CHS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718341 17,12}}}{\insrsid12807907  from him. As the only other Edwin in northern England to retain his manor for two decades, he is probably the Edwin who held Coleshill from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718341 
Robert of Rhuddlan}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS FD2,6}}}{\insrsid12807907 , in which case he is likely to be the Edwin who preceded Haimo }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718341 of Mascy}{\insrsid12807907  at Aston and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718341 Llys Edwin}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
CHS FD7,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907 , both - like Coleshill - in Ati's Cross Hundred. All fourteen manors lie between Coleshill in the north-east and Hampton and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1461949 Cholmondeley}{\insrsid12807907  to the south-west}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
CHS 2,7;9}}}{\insrsid12807907 , those three manors being held by Edwin for two decades. Edwin is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1727758 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (nos. 28711, 28713-14, 28716, 28718-19, 28989).}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718341 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 EDWIN [* SON OF BURGRED *]. Edwin son of Burgred is named as a predecessor of the }{\insrsid12807907 bishop of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Coutances on two }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in Buckinghamshire and another two in Northamptonshire. Every }{\insrsid12807907 manor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  held by a Burgred in those counties, and most of those held by his men, were acquired by the }{
\insrsid12807907 bishop of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Coutances, }{\insrsid12807907 so }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Edwin's father}{\insrsid12807907  (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12980775 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
) was almost certainly that man, and the Edwins who preceded the bishop are probably his son}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 B}{\insrsid12807907 UK 5,3-4. NTH 4,5-6;19;25-26}}}{\insrsid12807907 
; Burgred's unnamed son at Croughton may also be Edwin}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 4,29}}}{\insrsid12807907 , his other sons being recorded only in Bedfordshire and Buckinghamshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 A}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ll 
}{\insrsid12807907 Edwin's manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 are }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 close to each other or to those of }{\insrsid12807907 his father. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
He is probably also the bishop's predecessor on the substantial manor of Kensington in Middlesex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 M}{\insrsid12807907 DX 21,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , as }{\insrsid12807907 is}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the Edwin from whom Ranulf son of Ilger acquired 'Tollingon'}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  some six miles away}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab MDX 22,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  since }{\insrsid12807907 that}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Edwin was a man of the king}{\insrsid12807907  and, l}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ike his father, Edwin was a royal thane and a lord of men}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
BUK 5,3-4;9}}}{\insrsid12807907 . }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Less certainly, the Edwin who preceded the }{\insrsid12807907 b}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ishop on a fairly substantial manor at Exton in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 5,5}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  may be }{\insrsid12807907 him}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , but }{\insrsid12807907 perhaps}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  not the Edwin from whom the bishop acquired the small holding at Kimworthy in Devon}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
DEV 3,89}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Edwin }{\insrsid12807907 probably }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 survived }{\insrsid12807907 as a tenant of the bishop, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 on }{\insrsid12807907 the }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 two modest }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 of Stanion and Lowick in Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 4,25-26}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, the first of which he also held in 1066; they are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  a few miles north of what may have been the centre of his father's Honour, at Raunds}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 NTH }{\insrsid12807907 4,1
}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .
\par \tab Between them, Edwin and his father contributed the largest share of the }{\insrsid12807907 b}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ishop's fief; Ulf and Wulfsi, sons of Burgred, are also recorded}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 12,29. BDF 25,5}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Dr }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Williams, }{\insrsid12807907 who suggests}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  that Burgred and his family were related to Countess Gytha of Hereford}{
\insrsid12807907 , provides a list of the family holdings:}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  'The }{\insrsid12807907 k}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ing's }{\insrsid12807907 n}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ephew', pp. 336-38}{\insrsid12807907 
. It}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 does}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  not include th}{\insrsid12807907 ose}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in Middlesex and }{\insrsid12807907 
Somerset, though the Middlesex manors are added in a later work, together with North Stoke}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8146988 OXF 35,10}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, a valuable manor acquired by Miles Crispin, who had no other Edwins among his predecessors: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8146988 World before Domesday}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 157 note 57}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 
In the absence of tenurial or geographical links, however, the identity of the Edwin at Stoke is problematic: there are three plausible candidates in addition to Burgred's son, so Edwin is currently unidentified in the }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8146988 Statistics}{\insrsid12807907  database. Another list is provided by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Clarke}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 English nobility}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , pp. 270-71, }{\insrsid12807907 which does not include Stoke, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 'Tollington' }{\insrsid12807907 or}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Wellingborough}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 4,19}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Dr Clarke}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  ranks Burgred and his sons thirty-sixth in wealth among untitled laymen}{\insrsid12807907 ; the additional manors and necessary adjustments to his figures would raise the family two places}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 The tenants at Stanion and Lowick are unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (nos. 26879-80).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 EDWIN [* THE HUNTER *]. }{\insrsid12807907 
Most if not all unidentified Edwins in Dorset, Hampshire and Wiltshire may be Edwin the hunter, who survived for twenty years at Edmundsthorp, among the king's thanes of Hampshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 69,41}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, though the manors were later held by different families. The Edwins at Blandford, Lazerton and Shilvinghampton}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 in Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 56,14;31-33}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are identified in the Geld Rolls for the county as Edwin the hunter, who may be the Edwin at Gillingham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 56,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 , another survivor among the king's thanes, the only other Edwin in Dorset (assuming }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Earl Edwin}{\insrsid12807907  (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15807488 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ) at Burton Bradstock is a scribal error): }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8800977 VCH Dorset}{\insrsid12807907 
, iii. 126-27, 134-35, 138, 140.
\par \tab Of the three unidentified Edwins in Hampshire, t}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 wo held land in 1066 in the adjacent vills of Nately and 'Bartley'}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 23,8. 69,5}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
, neighbours }{\insrsid12807907 of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the royal manor of Odiham }{\insrsid12807907 where Richard of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Sifrewast}{\insrsid12807907 , of Shilvinghampton in Dorset,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 later }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 held land}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 92, 1367. The third Edwin, at Oakhanger}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
HAM 69,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 , another of the king's thanes, was preceded by an Alwy, as was Edwin the hunter on two of his Dorset manors. Finally, the king's thane at Chedglow in Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 67,51}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 who, like Edwin of Edmundsthorp, survived on the same manor for twenty years, may be the hunter. Of the other four Edwins in the county, three have tenurial associations. Two members of the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Sifrewast}{\insrsid12807907 
 family later held land in Wiltshire from the earl of Salisbury, descendant of Edward of Salisbury, who acquired Edwin's manor at Lacock}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 24,33}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, while another held Great Somerford, acquired from Edwin by Humphrey de l'Isle, along with Clyffe Pypard and Bathampton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 27,9-10;16}}}{\insrsid12807907 : }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 710, 716, 718, 720-22, 730, 732, 1117. All four manors are substantial, comparable to those in Dorset. The one remaining Edwin in the three counties, at Netheravon in 1066}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid15807488 WIL 68,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is conceivably the hunter, though there are no links to confirm
 this. As all but one of the Edwins in the three counties have associations with each other, albeit slight or indirect in some cases, these are likely to be more than coincidental. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
Dorset, Hampshire and Wiltshire were the counties }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 par excellence}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  for huntin
g serjeanties, with more between them than the remaining counties combined; and it was not uncommon for huntsmen to hold }{\insrsid12807907 land }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
in two or even three of these counties, as did Aelfric, Cola, Croc, Godric, Waleran, Wulfgeat and Wulfric}{\insrsid12807907 . Edwin's tenancies }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 
Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 1769)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{
\insrsid12807907  186, apart from Oakhanger, Chedglow and Gillingham, whose tenants are unidentified (nos. 6584, 17164, 2980).}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 EDWIN [* THE SHERIFF *]. }{\insrsid12807907 All but one of the Edwins recorded in Warwickshire may be Edwin, sheriff of Warwickshire, named as a predecessor of the bishop of Bayeux at Beausale}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
WAR 4,3}}}{\insrsid12807907  and of Thorkil of Warwick}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , his kinsman}{\insrsid12807907 , at Marston Green}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 17,10}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. All other Edwins occur on Thorkil's fief, nine of them stated to be the same man, two like the Edwin at Flecknoe, being in vills dominated by members of Thorkil's family, while Radford was sold by Thorkil's brother to the tenant of 1086}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
WAR }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid347033 1}{\insrsid12807907 7,18-2}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid347033 6;28-29;56}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Edwin's manors are identified and listed by Williams, '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 A }{\insrsid12807907 v}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ice-}{\insrsid12807907 c}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 omital }{\insrsid12807907 f}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 amily}{\insrsid12807907 ', pp. 284-85, 293-94, to which should perhaps be added Napton}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
WAR 17,28}}}{\insrsid12807907 , probably acquired by Robert d'Oilly (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid347033 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ) who held, leased or purchased several other manors
 from Thorkil's family. The only Edwin unlikely to be the sheriff is the one post-Conquest landowner, at Whitacre}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 17,14}}}{\insrsid12807907 , since Edwin was probably dead by then, having lost his pre-Conquest manors}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , though it is curious that }{\insrsid12807907 the Edwin}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  at Whitacre}{\insrsid12807907  also }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 occurs on Thorkil's fief. He is unidentified in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 28356).}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10360569 EDWULF. Edwulf}{\insrsid12807907  is an uncommon name which occurs eighteen t
imes, distributed among ten counties and the lands of the king and a dozen of his tenants-in-chief, spread thinly between Devon and Yorkshire, with a small cluster in Devon. Most Edwulfs are pre-Conquest lords, with five survivors scattered between Devon 
and Staffordshire.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par EDWULF <OF ACKWORTH>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is uncommon, the Edwulfs whose modest manors of Ackworth and Denby in the West Riding of Yorkshire were}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15352505  acquired by Ilbert of Lacy }{\insrsid12807907 are}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid15352505  probably }{\insrsid12807907 one man}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15352505 YKS 9}{\insrsid12807907 W52;87}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15352505 . }{\insrsid12807907 
The Edworth at Hutton}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15352505  Cranswick}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15352505  }{\insrsid12807907 some fifty miles away }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15352505 on the far side of the county}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid15352505  }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15352505  possibly }{\insrsid12807907 him also}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15352505 .}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par EDWULF <OF ADDINGTON>. Edwulf}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 who held}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 a half-hide}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  hide }{\insrsid12807907 
worth ten shillings }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 at Addington }{\insrsid12807907 in Buckinghamshire from Miles Crispin}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 23,20}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has no links with other Edwulfs, none of whom are within forty miles. He is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10421650 (no. }{\insrsid12807907 1414}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10421650 )}{
\insrsid12807907 .
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 EDWULF <OF CRANSWICK>. Edwulf}{\insrsid12807907 , whose modest manor of Hutton Cranswick in the East Riding of Yorkshire was acquired by Count Robert of Mortain}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 5E39}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has no links with other Edwulfs, the nearest being Edwulf at Ackworth in the West Riding, possibly the same man.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par EDWULF <OF HOPE>. Edwulf}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 whose}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  modest }{\insrsid12807907 manor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  at Hope }{\insrsid12807907 
in Herefordshire was acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10421650 William son of Baderon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 15,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , has no links with other Edwulfs, none of whom are within fifty miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .

\par 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par EDWULF <OF MOTTISFONT>. Edwulf}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who }{\insrsid12807907 inherited his father's messuage in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Mottisfont }{\insrsid12807907 among the king's thanes in Hampshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
HAM 69,25}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 has no links with other Edwulf's. He is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10421650 (no. }{\insrsid12807907 6612}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid10421650 )}{\insrsid12807907 .}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par EDWULF <OF RUGBY>. Edwulf}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 who held a modest manor in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Rugby }{\insrsid12807907 from Thorkil of Warwick}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 17,25}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 has no links with his namesakes, none of whom are within forty miles. He is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 28368)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .

\par 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par EDWULF <OF THURVASTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare in the region, the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Edwulf}{\insrsid12807907  whose}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  modestly prosperous }{\insrsid12807907 manor}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  at Thurvaston }{\insrsid12807907 in Derbyshire was acquired by Henry of Ferrers}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 6,64}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  may be the }{\insrsid12807907 Edwulf who held}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Okeover }{
\insrsid12807907 in Staffordshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\insrsid12807907 ten}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  miles away}{\insrsid12807907 , from}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Burton }{\insrsid12807907 abbey}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 'for rent'}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 4,8}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Thurvaston }{\insrsid12807907 is circled by the manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
of Burton }{\insrsid12807907 abbey}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in Derbyshire}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 the abbey perhaps }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 rescu}{\insrsid12807907 ing}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  its neighbour from penury }{\insrsid12807907 at little cost to itself}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907  Edwulf is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid10421650 (no. 31370).}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par EDWY <OF MARKHAM>. Although the name Edwy is common, it is largely confined to the south and south-west, the predecessors of Roger of Bully at Markham and Boughton in Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 9,6-8;16}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 being the only }{\insrsid12807907 Edwys}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in circuit six or the adjacent counties of Cheshire, Leicestershire and Staffordshire. Markham and Boughton}{\insrsid12807907  are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{
\insrsid12807907 six}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  miles apart, }{\insrsid12807907 so}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 were probably}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  held by the same Edwy.}{\insrsid12807907 
 Roger had no other predecessors or tenants of this name.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 EDWY [* THE NOBLE *]. }{\insrsid12807907 It is lik
ely that most if not all Edwys in Herefordshire are Edwy the noble, named as a predecessor of the canons of Hereford at Priors Frome and of Roger of Lacy on eleven manors. All but one of the eight unidentified Edwys are predecessors of Roger}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
HEF }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4064769 1,16. 10,9;16;23;46;59;72}}}{\insrsid12807907 , one of whom was succeeded by his son, Alwin}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 10,15}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, and three others by tenants who were subinfeudated with manors where Edwy the noble is identified. Roger of Lacy also acquired Wormington in Gloucestershire from an Edwy}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 39,21}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. The one other Edwy in Herefordshire, at Harewood}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 25,6}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,
 may also be Edwy the noble. Harewood, in the frontier zone of Golden Valley, was acquired by Gilbert son of Turold, probably the sheriff of the county who farmed Clifford Castle for }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10704312 Ralph of Tosny}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
HEF 8,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , the key defence in the area}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10704312 : Lewis, 'Norman settlement of Herefordshire', p. 207. Roger of Lacy}{\insrsid12807907 
 held land in the castlery, and the Gilbert whom he subinfeudated with Bacton, his principal manor in Golden Valley, may be the sheriff}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 10,3;16}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. If so, then it is likely that the Edwys who preceded Ralph of Tosny and Gilbert son of Turold on three manors in Worcestershire - the only Edwys in the county - are also Edwy the noble}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WOR 15,1. 20,3;5}}}{\insrsid12807907 
; neither Roger, Ralph or Gilbert had predecessors or tenants of this name elsewhere. It is not improbable that he is the Edwy on six other manors in 
adjacent counties since there are no other Edwys in the western half of England north of the Thames apart from a householder in Wallingford, and none of the tenants-in-chief involved had tenants or predecessors of this name elsewhere in the country; but t
here are no more precise links to confirm identifications.
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ELAF. Elaf is a}{\insrsid12807907 n}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  uncommon }{\insrsid12807907 name which occurs}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  twenty}{\insrsid12807907 -two}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{
\insrsid12807907 times, distributed among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  nine counties and }{\insrsid12807907 the lands of eleven tenants-in-chief,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  thinly spread across the map}{\insrsid12807907 
, with small clusters in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Lincolnshire }{\insrsid12807907 and Yorkshire; there are no surviving Elafs}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ELAF <OF CANDOVER>. Elaf}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who had a plough and three slaves }{\insrsid12807907 on the episcopal manor of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Candover in Hampshire }{
\insrsid12807907 in 1066}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }
{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 6,13}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 has no links with other Elafs, all remote}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ELAF <OF DRIFFIELD>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is uncommon, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 the }{\insrsid12807907 Elafs who preceded}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Reinbald of Cirencester }{\insrsid12807907 
in the adjacent vills of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Driffield and Preston in Gloucestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GLS 26,2;}{\insrsid12807907 4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  are }{\insrsid12807907 probably one}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 man}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , likely }{\insrsid12807907 also to be }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 the Elaf at }{\insrsid12807907 North }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Cerney}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
GLS 52,3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\insrsid12807907 six }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 miles }{\insrsid12807907 to the north, all three manors being substantial}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 
At Driffield, Elaf held from Earl Tosti, so he may be the royal thane at Bengeo in Hertfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 34,16}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,
 the one other Elaf with a substantial manor in Domesday Book. Although there are no specific links, it is not unlikely that he is the Elaf at Winwick in Huntingdonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HUN 19,17}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, who also held from the king, and possible that he is the one other Elaf between the Thames and the Wash, at Kington in Worcestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WOR 18,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 
; but his shared manor is unremarkable and there are no tenurial links to warrant an identification.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ELAF <OF KINGTON>. Elaf}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who}{\insrsid12807907 se}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  shared }{\insrsid12807907 a manor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 at Kington in Worcestershire }{\insrsid12807907 was acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10754979 Roger of Lacy}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WOR 18,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 , has no links with other Elafs}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ELAF <OF NEWTON>. Elaf}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 whose ten-shilling holding}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  at Newton in Somerset}{\insrsid12807907  was acquired by }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid6835314 Roger of Courseulles}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 21,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 has no links with other Elafs}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ELAF <OF SPECCOTT>. Elaf}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 whose}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  small holding worth seven shillings and six pence at Speccott in Devon}{
\insrsid12807907  was acquired by}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10754979 Theobald son of Berner}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 36,5}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 has no links with other Elafs}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ELF}{\insrsid12807907 A}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 IN}{\insrsid12807907 "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 <OF WADDINGHAM>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907  }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11955159 Elfain}{\insrsid12807907 , who held the modest manor of Waddingham and its dependency among the king's thanes of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5132660 Lincolnshire}{\insrsid12807907  in 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid4091449 LIN 68,35}{\insrsid12807907 -36}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is the only man of this name in Domesday Book. It is possible but unlikely}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 that he is the same man as }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11955159 Elfin}{\insrsid12807907  - a related form - the rather more substantial tenant of Henry of Ferrers in Derbyshire, almost a hundred miles away. }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11955159 Elfain}{\insrsid12807907 
 is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1727758 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 34892).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ELFIN}{\insrsid12807907 "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  [* OF BRAILSFORD *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The five }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12870106 Elfin}{\insrsid12807907 s in Domesday 
Book, all tenants of Henry of Ferrers in Derbyshire whose manors clustered near Brailsford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 6,40-41;52;58;60}}}{\insrsid12807907 , are almost certainly }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12870106 Elfin}{\insrsid12807907 
 of Brailsford, who gave land or tithes to Tutbury priory in three of his manors: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Cartulary of }{\i\insrsid12807907 Tutbury priory}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\i\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4612491 p}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid9705115 p. }{\insrsid12807907 64-}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9705115 6}{\insrsid12807907 6. It is possible, though unlikely, that he is the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11955159 Elfain}{\insrsid12807907 
 of Lincolnshire, almost a hundred miles to the east. }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12870106 Elfin}{\insrsid12807907 's tenancies }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907  (no. 3858)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 187; the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8536397 Elfain}{\insrsid12807907 s are unidentified (nos. 34892-93).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 [* EMMA *]}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROGER OF LACY'S MOTHER. }{\insrsid12807907 The mother of Roger of Lacy, wife of Walter, who held Siddington 'as her dowry', Slaughter in Gloucest
ershire from (or with) her son}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 39,18;20}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and who gave Duntisbourne Abbots to St Peter's of Gloucester}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 10,13}}}{\insrsid12807907  '}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid15349532 for her husband's soul}{\insrsid12807907 ', is not named in Domesday Book, but her forename - Emma or Emmeline (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9833832 Ermeline}{\insrsid12807907 
) - is given in a spurious royal charter confirming the lands of St Peter's of Gloucester and in the records of the abbey: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9833832 Regesta}{\insrsid12807907 , iii. no. 345; }{\i\insrsid12807907 Historia ... Gloucestriae}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid11230386 , i. 15, 122, 224, 227, 258, 351.}{\insrsid12807907  Her husband died in 1085 but is entered in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15349532 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 2487) for one manor he had received from Earl William son
 of Osbern}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15349532 GLS 1,56}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; see also }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 
. 452. Walter occurs fairly frequently in Domesday, but always as an intermediate landowner whose manors are in other hands in 1086; he does not therefore appear in the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15349532 Statistics}{\insrsid12807907  database.}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid11230386  }{\insrsid12807907 Emma's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11230386  manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11230386 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11230386  with those of her son.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 [* EMMA *] WIFE OF BALDWIN [* THE SHERIFF *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Baldwin's wife, who held Wimple in Devon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 16,94}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is named Emma on her manor at Bridford in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6717044 Exon.}{\cs23\i\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12870106 DEV 16,128}}}{\insrsid12807907 , both held from her husband, the sheriff of the county. Her manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 1300)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  440.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par [* EMMA *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  WIFE OF HERVEY [* OF HELL\'c9AN *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The wife of Hervey, who held a small fief at Ashton and Hackworthy in Devon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 44,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and a manor at Neadon as tenant of Baldwin the sheriff}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 16,156}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is almost certainly the widow Emma who, in the Geld Roll for the county, owed tax in Exminster Hundred, where Ashton lay: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12870106 
Devonshire Domesday}{\insrsid12807907 , i. p. xxxvi-xxxvii. Her manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 658)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }
{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  441.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 [* EMMA *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  WIFE OF }{\insrsid12807907 WILLIAM OF PERCY. Hambledon in Hampshire, the single manor held by William of Percy (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7678963 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ) out
side Lincolnshire and Yorkshire, was acquired by William with his wife}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 25,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Though said to be held in chief, Round demonstrated that his wife was Emma of Port and that William is more correctly described as a tenant of Hugh of Port, as were his descendants of
 those of Hugh: 'Domesday survey of Hampshire', p. 438. William's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 707)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  478-79.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *]. }{\insrsid12807907 With one possible exception, all Engelrics in Domesday Book are probably Engelric the priest, a king's baron, named in the Feudal Book of Abbot Baldwin}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13043362 SUF 14,101}}}
{\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 Feudal documents}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 8, 22. Engelric
 founded and lavishly endowed the church of St Martin-le-Grand in London, though the bulk of his endowment is attributed to Count Eustace of Boulogne in Domesday Book.
\par \tab He is named as the Count's predecessor}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 1,24. SUF 5,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 , references to his Holding}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 20,17;44;62;70-71. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13043362 
90,64}}}{\insrsid12807907  and his frequent status as an intermediate landowner on the Count's Honour further confirming his identity, so he is probably the Engelric who preceded Eustace in Hertfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 15,4-6;9. 17,1. 39,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and on many of his manors in Essex - too numerous to list - and in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 5,3-5}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and the Engelric whose depredations benefited the Count elsewhere}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 1,19;24;27. 17,2. }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid13043362 28,9}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. As a king's baron, he is almost certainly the Engelric who granted land in pledge to the Bury St Edmund's 'when the English bought back their lands', and the Engelric to whom land 'was delivered on the king's behalf'}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 14,39. 39,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. His association with St Martin's identifies him as the Engelric at Benfleet in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13043362 ESS 6,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 . }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 The }{\insrsid12807907 one}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  other Engelric}{\insrsid12807907  whose land was not acquired by the Count }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 is that of the}{\insrsid12807907  lord of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 the handsome manor of Newnham Murren }{\insrsid12807907 in Oxfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 35,11}}}{\insrsid12807907 , predecessor of Mainou the Breton}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
. It is difficult to believe that this was }{\insrsid12807907 his}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  only manor}{\insrsid12807907  of this landowner}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ; if not, he was perforce Engelric the priest. }{\insrsid12807907 T}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 here are no tenurial or other links }{\insrsid12807907 to}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  confirm this}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  but the identification}{\insrsid12807907 
 seems more likely than not.
\par \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 A list of }{\insrsid12807907 Engelric's pre-Conquest}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  manor}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  is given by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Clarke, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11564255 English nobility}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , pp. 307-308, }{\insrsid12807907 which does not include Iltney}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 20,16}}}{\insrsid12807907  but does include }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Newnham Murren.}{\insrsid12807907  Dr Clarke ranks him sixty-third in wealth among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 untitled landowners, one of the wealthiest clerks in the kingdom.
 His post-Conquest acquisitions added substantially to this. He has been identified as the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6450678 Engelbricus}{\insrsid12807907 , canon of St Paul's, who held a manor in Stepney in 1066 and 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab MDX 3,6}}}{\insrsid12807907 
; scribal confusion of }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6450678 Engelbricus}{\insrsid12807907  and }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6450678 Engelricus}{\insrsid12807907  is certainly possible, but Engelric h
ad lost his extensive lands well before 1086, and there appears to be no indication that he was alive at that date. The mistake is pointed out in the entry for the canon of St Paul's in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907 
 (no. 1911), referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12529976 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 188.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\expnd1\expndtw6\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 E}{\insrsid12807907 
NISANT [* MUSARD *]. With a single exception, all Enisants in Domesday Book are tenants of Count Alan of Brittany and so almost certainly one man, named Enisant Musard on his manor of }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11469411 Toketorp}{\insrsid12807907 
 in Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 4,14}}}{\insrsid12807907  and at Cheveley in Cambridgeshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 14,62}}}{\insrsid12807907  in the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11469411 Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis}{\insrsid12807907 
 (ed. Hamilton, p. 11). His remaining manors, all in Yorkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11469411 6N5-6;8;12-25;64;66;68;86;104;109;146}}}{\insrsid12807907 , were almost all part of the consta
ble's fee of the Honour of Richmond at a later date, one of them - Croft}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 6N16}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 - being the subject of a grant there to St Mary's of York in which his byname in given, confirming his identity as the Cambridge and Norfolk Enisant should confirmation be needed: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11469411 Early Yorkshire charters}{
\insrsid12807907 , v. 81-85. It is likely that Enisant himself was constable of Richmond, though this cannot be documented. His byname means lazy or stupid. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 377)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  188-89, where is suggested he may be Enisant of Pl\'e9vin, a relation by marriage of the comital family.}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid11469411 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par ENISANT <OF BELCHAMP>. As the name is rare, Enisant, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10445690 Aubrey de Ver}{\insrsid12807907 e's subtenant at Belchamp Walter in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10445690 ESS 35,6}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , is possibly the same man as Enisant Musard, his one namesake in Domesday Book; but there are no links to confirm this. He is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1727758 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 5273).}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid10445690 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ERCHENBALD}{\insrsid12807907 . Erchenbald is a rare name which occurs on one fief and six manors in Devon and Cornwall, and once each in Oxfords
hire and Suffolk, perhaps representing no more three post-Conquest landowners.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ERCHENBALD}{\insrsid12807907  <OF BAINTON>. Erchenbald, tenant of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1455824 Giles brother of Ansculf}{\insrsid12807907  on a modest manor at Bainton in Oxfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid4087698 OXF 37,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , has no links with his namesakes in Cornwall, Devon and Suffolk, all remote. He is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1727758 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 28001).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ERCHENBALD}{\insrsid12807907  <OF SUTTON>. Erchenbald, tenant of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8264007 Hervey of Bourges}{\insrsid12807907  on a modest manor at Sutton in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4087698 
SUF 67,21}}}{\insrsid12807907 , has no links with his namesakes in Cornwall, Devon and Oxfordshire, all remote. His single manor is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 8837)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8264007 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid8264007 , p. 158}{\insrsid12807907 , under the form Arc}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8264007 enbald.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4087698 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ERCHENBALD [* THE FLEMING *]. }{\insrsid12807907 
As the name is rare, the Erchenbald who held a small fief from the Count of Mortain in Cornwall}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 5,12,1-3}}}{\insrsid12807907  is probably the Erchenbald who held six manors from him in Devon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 15,11;39-41;47;54}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , and a small portion of Roald Dubbed's manor of Weare under him according to }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14240892 Exon}{\insrsid12807907 .}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 35,10}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. His byname is not strictly contemporary; but his descendant in 1166, another Erchenbald, is Erchenbald the Fleming whose manor of Bratton Fleming}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 15,40}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 is named after him or one of his descendants: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6450678 Red Book}{\insrsid12807907 , i. 259. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907  (no. 234)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  189.

\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par ERIK [* BROTHER }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OF }{\insrsid12807907 TOSTI *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 All }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Erik}{\insrsid12807907 s - Edric in one case}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 }{\insrsid12807907 of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 scribal confusion}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 28,20-24}}}{\insrsid12807907 , corrected in the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Lincolnshire}{\insrsid12807907  Claims}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
LIN CN18}}}{\insrsid12807907  - in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Domesday Book}{\insrsid12807907  may be one man, although his manors were acquired by five}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 tenants-in-chief. In Lincolnshire, Laceby and its dependencies}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LIN }{\insrsid12807907 4,69-71}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , held before the Conquest 
by Swein, Erik and Tosti, is }{\insrsid12807907 linked}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  to another group held by Erik centred on Tealby}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 28,20-24}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 by the intermediate tenure of Rainer the deacon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN CN13;18}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , the Tealby group in turn related to another of Erik}{\insrsid12807907 's manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 14,7}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 by soke in Willingham}{\insrsid12807907 ;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Keelby}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 47,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 , the last of the Lincolnshire manors,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is }{\insrsid12807907 five}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  from }{\insrsid12807907 Laceby}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Thistleton in Rutland}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LIN 56,12}{
\insrsid12807907 . RUT 2,8}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  is some distance from the Lincolnshire }{\insrsid12807907 manors,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and Catworth and Sawtry in Huntingdonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HUN}{
\insrsid12807907  19,1. 29,3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  more so}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ; but }{\insrsid12807907 an entry for }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Sawtry }{\insrsid12807907 in t}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 he }{
\insrsid12807907 C}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 laims for Huntingdonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HUN D27}}}{\insrsid12807907  suggests}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  a link between them}{\insrsid12807907 , stating}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  that Tosti }{\insrsid12807907 at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Sawtry was the brother of Erik, a claim }{\insrsid12807907 supported}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  by the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4938831 
Ramsey chronicle}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907 Chronicon abbatiae Rameseiensis}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 175; }{\i\insrsid12807907 Early charters of eastern England}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 235}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15621982 .}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  As noted}{\insrsid12807907  above}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , the main group of Erik's holdings in Lincolnshire }{\insrsid12807907 were held alongside a}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Tosti}{\insrsid12807907 
. In view of the comparative rarity of both names,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Erik and Tosti }{\insrsid12807907 may be}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the Huntingdonshire brothers}{\insrsid12807907 ;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 Thistleton is }{\insrsid12807907 roughly}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  midway between the}{\insrsid12807907 ir}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Huntingdonshire and Lincolnshire }{\insrsid12807907 
manors. If these identifications are valid, Erik lost all the manors he held in 1066; but, like many of his class, survived on a modest manor among the king's thanes, at Catworth}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HUN 29,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 . He is unidentified in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1727758 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 32740), which names the pre-Conquest lord as tenant.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7998972 {\insrsid12807907 ERMEN}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ALD <OF }{\insrsid12807907 ANTONY}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 All 
}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Ermenhald}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in Domesday Book are }{\insrsid12807907 almost certainly the same man. He held six manors from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Tavistock }{
\insrsid12807907 abbey}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in Cornwall}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 3,1-6}}}{\insrsid12807907 , all said to be held by one man,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and }{\insrsid12807907 
he was also the abbey's tenant at Tavistock in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Devon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 DEV}{\insrsid12807907  5,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
. His lands descended to the Daunay family: Finberg, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Tavistock }{\i\insrsid12807907 abbey}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , pp. 9-14. }{\insrsid12807907 His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{
\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 227)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 190.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ERMENFRID.}{\insrsid12807907 
 Ermenfrid is a rare name which occurs only in Warwickshire and Yorkshire. A William son of Ermenfrid is recorded in Kent: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13124931 Domesday Monachorum}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 90.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ERMENFRID <OF POPPLETON>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, th}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 e Ermenfrid}{\insrsid12807907 s who held Poppleton and Scagglethorpe in Yorkshire from }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Osbern of Arques }{\insrsid12807907 are almost certainly the same man}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15352505 YKS 25}{\insrsid12807907 W13;16}}}{\insrsid12807907 . His tenancies }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 4691)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  190.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7437073 ERMENFRID [* OF WARWICK *]. As the name is rare, the Ermenfrids who held five manors in Warwickshire from Thorkil of Warwick are }{\insrsid12807907 almost certainly one man and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7437073 
probably }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7437073 Hermenfredus de Warwic}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7437073  who witnessed a charter for }{\insrsid12807907 the foundation of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7437073 Monks Kirby priory }{
\insrsid12807907 in 1077}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }
{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 17,18-19;49;56;65}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7437073 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7437073 Monasticon}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7437073 , vi}{\insrsid12807907 /ii}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7437073 . 996, no. 1. }{
\insrsid12807907 It is very likely he is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7437073  also the tenant of }{\insrsid12807907 both }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7437073 Coventry abbey and Richard the forester in Radway, a vill encircled by Ermenfrid's other manors}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
WAR 6,20. 44,6}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7437073 . In the thirteenth century, the Simily family held land in Radford and in two }{\insrsid12807907 of the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7437073  vills Ermenfrid}{\insrsid12807907  held from Thorkil}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid7437073 , Calcutt and Ashow: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7437073 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7437073 , pp. 507, 955, 959. Ermenfrid's tenancies are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7437073 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid7437073  (no. 4759) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7437073 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7437073 , p. 190.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par ERMEN}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ALD <OF }{\insrsid12807907 ANTONY}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 All }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Ermenhald}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in Domesday Book are 
}{\insrsid12807907 almost certainly the same man. He held six manors from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Tavistock }{\insrsid12807907 abbey}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in Cornwall}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 3,1-6}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, all said to be held by one man,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and }{\insrsid12807907 he was also the abbey's tenant at Tavistock in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Devon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 DEV}{\insrsid12807907  5,1
}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . His lands descended to the Daunay family: Finberg, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Tavistock }{\i\insrsid12807907 abbey}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , pp. 9-14. }{\insrsid12807907 His manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 227)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 190.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ERNEIS}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15352505 .}{\insrsid12807907  If the manors of the tenant-in-chief Erneis of Buron are discounted, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Erneis }{\insrsid12807907 is a 
rare name which occurs seven times, distributed among three counties and the lands of five tenants-in-chief, all but one of them borne by a tenant in 1086.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ERNEIS [* OF BURON *]. }{\insrsid12807907 All men named Erneis in Lincolnshire and Yorkshire are probably Erneis of Buron, tenant-in-chief in those counties. He is identified as the tenant of Earl Hugh of Chester at Riby
}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
LIN 13,20}}}{\insrsid12807907  and of Count Alan of Brittany at Masham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 6N118}}}{\insrsid12807907  by their descent to his successors, Geoffrey son of Pain and later the Trussebut family: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13791895 Early Yorkshire charters}{\insrsid12807907 , x. 23-27. He may also be the Erneis whose manor of Calton was absorbed into the castlery of Roger of Poitou}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 30W30}}}{\insrsid12807907 , 
Roger losing some lands in Lincolnshire to Geoffrey son of Pain. Similarly, the Erneis whose manor of Nettleton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 4,23-25}}}{\insrsid12807907  was held by Grelley family in the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10317099 Lindsey Survey}{\insrsid12807907 
 is probably Buron since the Grelleys also had Flaxby, held by Erneis of Buron in Domesday Book}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13791895 24W10}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. There were other such adjustments to the manors of the Trussebut fee in the course of its transmission to different families: Farrer, 'Domesday survey of Yorkshire', pp. 180-81. Erneis' manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 
recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 2451)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  191.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ERNEIS <OF DOWNHEAD>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 the four }{\insrsid12807907 tenants}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in Somerset may }{\insrsid12807907 
be the same Erneis, though}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 he }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 held from three tenants-in-chief. }{\insrsid12807907 T}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 he }{\insrsid12807907 bishop of}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Wells }{\insrsid12807907 is unlikely to have }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 had }{\insrsid12807907 different tenants of this name}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  at Wells and Evercreech}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SOM 6,1;10}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ; and Downhead}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 
{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 8,35}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and Bruton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 21,91}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 each }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 roughly five miles from Evercreech}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  all four }{\insrsid12807907 being}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  of comparable status}{\insrsid12807907 . It se
ems likely they were held by one man whose namesakes in Cornwall and Leicestershire are more than a hundred miles away}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Erneis' tenancies }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 
recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 8774)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  191.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ERNEIS <OF GLENFIELD>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, it }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 is likely that the }{\insrsid12807907 tenants of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Hugh of Grandmesnil }{
\insrsid12807907 at }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Glenfield and Stoughton }{\insrsid12807907 - seven}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  miles apart}{\insrsid12807907  - }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 in Leicestershire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
LEC 13,40;52}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the same }{\insrsid12807907 Erneis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 
His namesakes in Cornwall and Somerset are more than a hundred miles away. His tenancies }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 8775)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  191.}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par ERNEIS <OF PENHALLYM>. }{\insrsid12807907 Erneis, who held}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  a modest holding at Pen}{\insrsid12807907 hallym in Cornwall}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 5,3,19}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{
\insrsid12807907 is the one pre-Conquest lord of this name, without links with others of this name, none of them within a hundred miles of his manor. No Old English forms are known, though it seems likely he is a native landowner: von Feilitzen, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9264312 Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 248.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ERNGEAT. Erngeat is }{\insrsid12807907 an }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 uncommon}{\insrsid12807907  name which occurs}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 fifteen}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 times, distributed among five counties and }{\insrsid12807907 the lands of king and eight of his}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  tenants-in-chief, }{\insrsid12807907 all borne by pre-Conquest lords, most of 
them having modest holdings; there are small clusters in Cheshire and Shropshire.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ERNGEAT <OF BRATTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is uncommon}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , the Erngeat}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who preceded William Pandolf }{\insrsid12807907 at}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Bratton, Horton and Lawley in Shropshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SHR 4,}{\insrsid12807907 14,19-21}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 are probably}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  one}{\insrsid12807907  man}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . The vills are close to each other and remote from others held by an Erngeat, }{\insrsid12807907 though it is conceivable he is the Erngeat at either P
edwardine or Somersal}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{\insrsid12807907 roughly }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 forty }{\insrsid12807907 miles or so}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  to the }{\insrsid12807907 south and north-east respectively}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ERNGEAT <OF NESS>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is uncommon}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , the Erngeat}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  whose three }{\insrsid12807907 whose manors of}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Willington, Ness, and Ledsham in Cheshire devolved upon Walter of Vernon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 7,1-3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 are probably}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  one}{\insrsid12807907 
 man, who may also be the predecessor of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Hugh Delamere}{\insrsid12807907  at }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Caldy}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 10,4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
, a few miles from Ness and Ledsham. Less }{\insrsid12807907 certainly}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , he may be the one other Erngeat in Cheshire, at Peover}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 20,4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
, some twenty miles from Willington, a holding of comparable status}{\insrsid12807907  acquired by Ranulf }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7034100 of Mainwaring}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ERNGEAT <OF PEDWARDINE>. Erngeat}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held land worth ten shillings in Pedwardine in Shropshire }{\insrsid12807907 acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7034100 
Ralph of Mortimer}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 6,25}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 has no with}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 links with his namesakes, though he is conceivably the Ern
geat at Ness, some forty miles to the north}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ERNGEAT <OF RAYDON>. Erngeat}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who shared a holding with half a plough team worth ten shillings at Raydon in Suffolk }{\insrsid12807907 acquired by }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid7034100 Ralph }{\insrsid12807907 Pinel}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 61,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , has no links with other Erngeats}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ERNGEAT <OF SOMERSAL>. Erngeat}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who preceded Henry of Ferrers at Somersal in Derbyshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 6,32}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the most prosperous}{\insrsid12807907  of the Erngeats}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , though modestly so. It is conceivable that he is the Erngeat }{
\insrsid12807907 at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Bratton}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  forty miles or so to the south-west}{\insrsid12807907 , but there are no specific links to connect them.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ERNGEAT <OF }{\insrsid12807907 "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 TURSTANESTUNA}{\insrsid12807907 "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. Erngeat}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 who shared a holding with a plough team worth three shillings with two other free men at 'Turstanestuna' in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 7,83}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 has no links with his namesakes}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ERNGEAT }{\insrsid12807907 [* SON OF GRIM *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Erngeat, a thane of Earl Edwin who held part of the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  royal manor of Bromsgrove }{
\insrsid12807907 in Worcestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WOR 1,1c}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is very probably Erngeat son of Grim, named by Hemming as withholding Hampton Lovett and 'Thickenappletree' from the Church of Worcester, s
ince both manors were held in 1066 by Alwold (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3938572 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
), also a thane of Earl Edwin, who held another part of Bromsgrove and is probably the son of Erngeat whose admission to the monastery of Worcester was refused by Bishop Wulfstan unless 'Thickenappletree' were donated to the Church}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid6753657 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6753657 Hemingi cartularium}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6753657 264-65}{\insrsid12807907 ; Baxter, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3938572 Earls of Mercia}{
\insrsid12807907 , pp. 173-4, 251-2, 295 note 95. As his name is uncommon, he may be the one other Erngeat in the county, a predecessor of Urso the sheriff at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Hatete}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in 'Cresslow' Hundred}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WOR 26,9}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Although the exact locations of the two holdings are unknown}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 they are in neighbouring hundreds and }{\insrsid12807907 may}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  be just a few miles apart}{\insrsid12807907 ; like }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3938572 Hatete}{\insrsid12807907 
, 'Thickenappletree' was in the hands of Urso in 1086}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907  Dr Williams suggests that Erngeat had a second son, Frani (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3938572 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
): 'Introduction to the Worcestershire Domesday', p. 22.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ERNSI [* SON OF ALDGYTH *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Ernsi is a rare name and all }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Ernsi}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in Domesday Book}{\insrsid12807907 
 are probably one man, Ernsi son of Aldgyth, alias Ernsi son of }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2643546 Ocea}{\insrsid12807907 , though his manors were acquired by six tenants-in-chief. Neither byname occurs in Domesday Book itself. Ernsi held}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  a dozen }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  concentrated in the adjacent counties of Gloucestershire, Herefordshire and Worcestershire}{\insrsid12807907 , many of them substantial}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Apart from their }{\insrsid12807907 distribution}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and status, they are linked by a web of relationships. Painswick}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 39,8}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
, acquired by Roger of Lacy, is circled by the manors of Hascoit Musard}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 66,3-6}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and of Drogo son of Poyntz at Frampton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 54,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
, part of which Roger of Lacy held illegally. Drogo also held another Ernsi manor, Swell, adjacent to one of the Musard manors at Eyford, as a tenant of Ralph of Tosny}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 45,6}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
. Another Ernsi holding in Swell was acquired by William of Eu}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 31,12}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
. Both Roger of Lacy and Drogo son of Poyntz obtained manors previously held by Ernsi in Herefordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 1,30. 10,68}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , and Ralph of Tosny one in Worcestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WOR 15,9}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . None of these tenants-in-chief is likely to have had two predecessors with this uncommon name. Finally, the remaining }{\insrsid12807907 manor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , acquired by Ralph of Mortimer}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
HEF 1,20}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , was - like that held by Drogo}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 1,30}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  - part of the great manor of Leominster.
\par \tab Ernsi is identified by a story told in the Evesham }{\insrsid12807907 chronicle}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 concerning}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  'a certain noble lady', Aldgyth, who stole rel
ics from the Church, repented after being struck blind, promis}{\insrsid12807907 ing}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  to bequeath land at Swell in recompense; but her son, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Arnisius}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 - evidently the Ernsi of Domesday Book - 'living extravagantly and imprudently like the foolish man he was', lost everything, leaving the abbot to deal with the unnamed magnate }{\insrsid12807907 or magnates }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
who acquired his lands: }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10776821 Thomas of Marlborough}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , pp. 73-75, 171-73; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4053 Early charters}{\i\insrsid12807907  of the west Midlands}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 71-76. Ernsi is further identified in a royal charter concerning Swell, where he is named Ernsi son of }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9271017 Oce}{\insrsid12807907 , his father evidently being }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9271017 Ocea}{
\insrsid12807907  the Dane whose manor of Astley in Worcestershire was unjustly seized by Ralph of Tosny according to Hemming, though Domesday Book}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2643546 WOR 15,9}}}{
\insrsid12807907  attributes it to his son Ernsi (above): Williams, 'Introduction}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8214004  to the Gloucestershire Domesday}{\insrsid12807907 ', p. 24. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 A list of }{\insrsid12807907 Ernsi's}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  manor}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 English }{\i\insrsid12807907 n}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 obility}{\i\insrsid12807907 , }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 p. }{\insrsid12807907 307}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 , }{\insrsid12807907 which}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 does not include th}{\insrsid12807907 ose in Herefordshire}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907  He ranks Ernsi fiftieth in wealth among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 untitled laymen; the Herefordshire manors would raise him a couple of places.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ERNUCION <OF }{\insrsid12807907 GREATHAM}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. Ernucion }{\insrsid12807907 is a rare name which occurs}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  four times, three }{\insrsid12807907 times }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 as a tenant of Earl Roger of Shrewsbury, at Kinnerley in Shropshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,27,4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and Greatham and Tortington in Sussex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 11,56;85}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
. }{\insrsid12807907 Dr }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11352544 Keats-Rohan}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 suggests he may be the }{\insrsid12807907 fourth Ernucion, a}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  subtenant of St Albans }{
\insrsid12807907 abbey}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  at West Hendred in Berkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 12,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , which is plausible }{\insrsid12807907 given the broadly comparab
le status of the manor and its situation between Shropshire and Sussex}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VCH Berkshire}{\insrsid12807907 , iv. 303}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
. She also suggests that Earl Roger's tenant may be Ernucion }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Balbet}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who granted land to the }{\insrsid12807907 abbey of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  S\'e9
es. }{\insrsid12807907 His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 945)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{
\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  191. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 A John son of Ernucion }{
\insrsid12807907 held land}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 40,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ERNW}{\insrsid12807907 IN}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907  The name Ernwin is fairly comm
on but its distribution is skewed. It occurs in ten counties, seven of them accounting for a dozen names, the remainder - some four-fifths of the total - distributed around the adjacent counties of Lincolnshire, Nottinghamshire and Yorkshire. The name is 
sometimes confused by the scribe with Ernwy.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ERNWIN [* THE PRIEST *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Most if not all the Ernwins in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Lincolnshire, Nottinghamshire and Yorkshire }{\insrsid12807907 
may be Ernwin the priest, whose byname is recorded there more than two dozen times}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 In all three counties, he}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is recorded at both dates}{\insrsid12807907 
 though rarely retaining the same manor,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 Kilham (}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 29E12}{\insrsid12807907 )}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 being}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 the one}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  exception}{\insrsid12807907 . The hiatus may be }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 because he }{\insrsid12807907 was}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 outlawed}{\insrsid12807907 , or '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5440742 taken}{\insrsid12807907 '}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 12,29}}}{\insrsid12807907 , at some point. Outside those counties,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 he}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 also }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 held land in Bedfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BDF 4,4}{\insrsid12807907 
. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 14}{\insrsid12807907 ,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907  His status as a survivor is one of his significant identifying characteristics. He is named in full as holding land in 1086 in all fou
r counties; no other Ernwin can be identified as a survivor in those or any other counties.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par \tab The Yorkshire Ernwins present }{\insrsid12807907 the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 fewest problems as the priest is }{\insrsid12807907 named}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in }{\insrsid12807907 most }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15352505 cases}
{\insrsid12807907 , or may be identified from the Yorkshire Claims, as at Aughton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8991785 YKS CE18}}}{\insrsid12807907 , where he pr
eceded the Count of Mortain, though named Ernwy in the entries concerned}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 5E7-8;24}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. The Claims also identify him as the Ernwin at Poppleton and Scagglethorpe (25W13;16), acquired by Osbern of Arques, where he '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7821777 ought to have}{\insrsid12807907 ' the land of Ernwin Cat's Nose held by Os
bern and previously William Malet}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8991785 YKS CW32}}}{\insrsid12807907 
; the two Ernwins are possibly the same man, though Farrer suggested they are probably father and son: 'Domesday survey of Yorkshire', p. 168. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 The Ernwin}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{
\insrsid12807907 at Steeton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15009483 SW,An5}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Brackenholme}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15009483 SE,How9}}}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 in the Yorkshire Summary}{
\insrsid12807907  are probably}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the priest}{\insrsid12807907  as}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 there are }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 no other}{\insrsid12807907 
 Ernwins among the tenants-in-chief }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 in Yorkshire}{\insrsid12807907 . He is likely to be the priest in York whose property was acquired by the bishop of Durham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS C2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, who also claimed plots from him at Grantham in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 1,9}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; and he may be }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 priest }{\insrsid12807907 at }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Hambleton in 1066}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 9W25}}}{\insrsid12807907 , which}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  lay between the Yorkshire and Lincolnshire properties, eight miles from the nearest of these, at Cambleforth}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
YKS 29W2}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Snydale, acquired by the same tenant-in-chief}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 9W}{\insrsid12807907 97}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, may have been his on similar grounds, reinforced by the tenurial link between them}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 The one remaining Ernwin in the county, at }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Newsome}{\insrsid12807907 
 in the East Riding, may also be the priest, as at Barrow-on-Humber in Lincolnshire YKS 14E15), both acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10232533 Drogo of la Beuvri\'e8re}{\insrsid12807907  (below).
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 \tab In Nottinghamshire, Ernwin the priest was a tenant of Roger of Bully at Flintham}{\insrsid12807907 ;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 held Elkesley}{
\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 among the }{\insrsid12807907 king's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  thanes }{\insrsid12807907 in 1086}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
Normanton and Gonalston }{\insrsid12807907 on the same fief}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 in 1066}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 He may be most or all of the other Ernwins among the}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  royal thane}{\insrsid12807907 s. It is improbable}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 there }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 were }{\insrsid12807907 several}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{
\insrsid12807907 such survivors in the county; and o}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 f the six}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 30,35;42-43;51-52;54}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , only Mission and Willoughby on the Wolds}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 30,43}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  not }{\insrsid12807907 neighbours}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 of the priest}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  or }{\insrsid12807907 of }
{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 each other. Mission was the third of three consecutive entries for Ernwin in the same Hundred}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  where the first is named Ernwin the priest. }{\insrsid12807907 
Roger of Poitou's tenant Ernwy at Willoughby}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 16,5;12}}}{\insrsid12807907  may be a scribal error for Ernwin, since Ernwin the priest was a tenant of Roger in Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, and an Ernwin had another manor in Willoughby}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NTT 30,35}}}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 \tab In Lincolnshire}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Ernwin the priest held }{\insrsid12807907 substantial }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 properties in Lincoln, }{\insrsid12807907 
and others in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Grantham and Stamford, }{\insrsid12807907 and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 among the royal thanes in both 1066 and 1086}{\insrsid12807907 ; he}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 is probably the Ernwin who held at Ingham, adjacent to his pre-Conquest }{\insrsid12807907 manor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  at Fillingham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LIN 68,25;3}{
\insrsid12807907 0-31;42}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . As in Yorkshire, he }{\insrsid12807907 is probably}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the Ernwin who preceded Roger of Poitou, or was his tenant, on nine }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , seven of which lay in }{\insrsid12807907 wapentake}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 s where the priest held land}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LIN 16,1-2;4;7-8;33-34;47}
}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , one in the same vill}{\insrsid12807907 , another the subject of a claim}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 He may also be}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the Ernwin who preceded the }{
\insrsid12807907 bishop of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Bayeux at Audelby and its dependencies}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LIN 4,17-2}{\insrsid12807907 2}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 his interests and }{\insrsid12807907 those of the bishop being}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  entangled elsewhere}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LIN }{\insrsid12807907 
4,1. CN16}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ; and he is more likely than not the Ernwin who preceded Count Alan in 'Calcewath' }{\insrsid12807907 wapentake}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 12,93-95}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 being the Count's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  predecessor }{\insrsid12807907 on other manors on the fief}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LIN 12,7;29}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Finally, these holdings of the Count are }{\insrsid12807907 a few miles from South Ormsby, acquired from}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Ernwin by the archbishop of York}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 2,21-22}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
, while the remaining properties held by Ernwin in }{\insrsid12807907 the county in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 1066}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 28,5-6. 30,5. 47,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 are all close to }{\insrsid12807907 the priest's manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Among them, Barrow on Humber - acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10232533 Drogo of la Beuvri\'e8re}{\insrsid12807907 
 who also inherited the manor of an Ernwin at Newsome across the Humber - would have facilitated communications between the priest's manors in the East Riding and Lindsey. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 It is thus possible that all }{\insrsid12807907 
Ernwins in Nottinghamshire, Yorkshire and Lincolnshire are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the priest}{\insrsid12807907 
. Although some of the links are tenuous, they merit some weight in view of the fact that the adjacent counties of Derby, Leicester, Rutland, Northampton, Cambridge and Norfolk can muster only one more Ernwin between them}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid10232533 DBY 14,10}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Ernwin the priest's tenancies at Riby and Elsham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LIN 16,1;33}}}{
\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 946)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  192; the remaining Ernwins are unidentified (nos. 34887, 35634, 35647-48, 35656-57, 35659, 37357).

\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ERNWULF. Ernwulf is a rare }{\insrsid12807907 name which occurs}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  eight times, distributed among }{\insrsid12807907 the lands of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 as many tenants-in-chief and half-a-dozen counties}{\insrsid12807907 ;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  three }{\insrsid12807907 names are }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 post-Conquest, five pre-Conquest.}{\insrsid12807907 
 The name may be confused with Arnulf.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ERNWULF <OF ALDINGHAM>. Ernwulf}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held }{\insrsid12807907 six carucates}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  at Aldingham in }{\insrsid12807907 North Lancashire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 YKS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid684667 1L8}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  before the Conquest}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 
has no links with his namesakes, all of whom are remote, the nearest pre-Conquest lord being two hundred miles away}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ERNWULF <OF BIDFORD>. Ernwulf}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who preceded Robert d'Oilly on a modest holding at Bidford in Warwickshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 4,5}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 appears to have no links with other Ernwulfs}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, it is possible he is the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Ernwulf }{
\insrsid12807907 at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Longdon}{\insrsid12807907  in 1066,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  twenty miles away; but it is not certain that the two names - }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Ernulfus}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in Bidford, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Arnul}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in Longdon - are the same: }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15150746 von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid12807907 Pre-Conquest personal names}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , p. 244.}{\insrsid12807907  His nearest other namesake of 1066 is some 150 miles away.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ERNWULF <OF }{\insrsid12807907 "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BREDESTORP}{\insrsid12807907 "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. Ernwulf}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who shared a }{
\insrsid12807907 respectable }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 tenancy from Drogo of la Beuvri\'e8re in the lost vill of }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Bredestorp}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in }{\insrsid12807907 s}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 outh Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 30,28}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 appears to have no links with other Ernwulfs}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\insrsid12807907 
though as the name is rare he may be }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 the one other northern survivor}{\insrsid12807907 , on a somewhat more substantial shared tenancy at Featherstone in Yorkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10179748 9W54}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , roughly seventy miles away}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . An }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Ernulf}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  had a tiny holding at Leake in Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 9,89}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 probably}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  closer to the lost vill; but he has been plausibly identified as Arnulf of Bully (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
). }{\insrsid12807907 Ernwulf}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  of }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Bredestorp}{\insrsid12807907  is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1727758 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 34261).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ERNWULF <OF CANDOVER>. Ernwulf}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held a virgate of land with half a plough team - almost a peasant holding - as a subtenant }{\insrsid12807907 of
 Cypping of Worthy }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 at Preston Candover in Hampshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 69,6}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 has no links with}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 his namesakes, none of whom held land in southern England}{\insrsid12807907 . He is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1727758 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 6589).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ERNWULF <OF FEATHERSTONE>. Ernwulf}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who shared a tenancy from Ilbert of Lacy in the substantial manor of Featherstone in Yorkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 YKS 9}{\insrsid12807907 W54}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 appears to have no links with}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  his namesakes though, }{\insrsid12807907 
as the name is rare}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\insrsid12807907 he is possibly the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Ernwulf }{\insrsid12807907 at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Bredestorp}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , the one other northern survivor}{\insrsid12807907 , on a rather less substantial shared tenancy roughly seventy miles away}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 
He is probably the Ernwulf who gave thraves in Preston and 'Rouedona' to the Lacy foundation of St Clement's of Pontefract: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10179748 Early Yorkshire charters}{\insrsid12807907 , iii. 185-87. His manor is}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 9372)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  193}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ERNWULF <OF LATTON>. Ernwulf}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who preceded Count Eustace of Boulogne on a }{\insrsid12807907 fairly substantial}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 
manor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  at Latton in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 20,13}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 has no links with}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  any of his namesakes, with none of who}{\insrsid12807907 
m}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  he had tenurial or other associations. His }{\insrsid12807907 closest}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  neighbour}{\insrsid12807907  is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Ernwulf of Parham}{\insrsid12807907 
 in Suffolk}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , with half a plough team valued at seven shillings}{\insrsid12807907 , a near-peasant holding}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ERNWULF <OF LONGDON>. Ernwulf}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who preceded Thorkil at Longdon in Warwickshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 17,8}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 has no links with his namesakes}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 His closest neighbour, at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Bidford}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  twenty miles away}{\insrsid12807907  may not have the same name:}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Ernulfus}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in Bidford, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Arnul}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in Longdon: }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15150746 von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid12807907 Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , p. 244.}{\insrsid12807907 

\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ERNWULF <OF PARHAM>. Ernwulf}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who preceded Robert Malet on a tiny holding
 of half a plough team worth seven shillings - virtually a peasant holding - at Parham in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 6,32}}}{\insrsid12807907 , has no links with his namesakes}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , the nearest of whom }{\insrsid12807907 
held}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Latton in Essex}{\insrsid12807907  in 1066, a fairly substantial manor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ERNWY. Ernwy is }{\insrsid12807907 a }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 fairly common}{\insrsid12807907 
 name which occurs more than forty times, distributed among a dozen counties and the lands of the king and almost thirty of his tenants-in-chief, with clusters in Herefordshire and Shropshire. It is sometimes confused by the scribe with Ernwin.}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par ERNWY <OF PONTESBURY>. The Ernwy}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who }{\insrsid12807907 held Pontesbury and Onslow}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 from}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the Corbet br}{
\insrsid12807907 others had retained their manors for two decades}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 so are very probably the same}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 man}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SHR 4,4,12}{
\insrsid12807907 . 4,5,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 , who is perhaps also}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Ernwin}{\insrsid12807907 , a Corbet tenant}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  at Farley}{\insrsid12807907 , which he had held since 1066
. The scribe confused these two names elsewhere, and Farley }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 is adjacent to Pontesbury}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  of which it }{\insrsid12807907 later }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
became part}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,4,13}}}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Williams, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4204244 English and the Norman Conquest}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , pp. 89-90}{\insrsid12807907 .}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 Only one other Ernwy (or Ernwin) in Domesday Book retained the same manor for two decade, so a scribal error is not unlikely. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 The Ernwy}{\insrsid12807907 s}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who preceded the Corbets in the adjacent vills of Westbury and Oaks}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,4,15. 4,5,4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  probably also the same man
}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 as is perhaps}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the Ernwy at Wrentnall}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,26,3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
, half a mile from Oaks and }{\insrsid12807907 three}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  from Pontesbury. }{\insrsid12807907 G}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 iven the comparative isolation of the Shropshire }{\insrsid12807907 
Ernwys from those in neighbouring counties, he may also be the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 predecessor of Picot of Sai}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Brompton}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SHR 4,20,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and }{\insrsid12807907 of Reginald the sheriff at }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Easthope}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,3,11}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, the two remaining Ernwys in the county, ten and fifteen miles respectively from Oaks}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Whether or not }{\insrsid12807907 he}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  held all the}{\insrsid12807907 se}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  pre-Conquest holdings, }{\insrsid12807907 Ernwy}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  was more fortunate than }{\insrsid12807907 the majority of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 English survivors, retaining his most valuable manor and a couple of others. }{\insrsid12807907 They }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{
\insrsid12807907 (no. 6665)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  191-92.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ERNWY <OF STANTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 Although t}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 he name is fairly common}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  it is likely that the Ernwy}{\insrsid12807907 s}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held 'Clowne', Stanton and Ingleby among the }{\insrsid12807907 king's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  thanes }{\insrsid12807907 of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Derbyshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 17,10;22-23}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}
{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and Ordsall among those in Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 30,56}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 are the same}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{
\insrsid12807907 man since the lords and their manors are of similar status and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 English survivors of this name are rare, the only other being a Shropshire landowner, Ernwy of Pontesbury}{\insrsid12807907 
; Ordsall is nearer to Clowne than Clowne to the other Derbyshire manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . On }{\insrsid12807907 similar}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  grounds, }{\insrsid12807907 Ernwy}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 may be the Ernwin who claimed land at Risley}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 16,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 , between Stanton and Clowne;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the scribe confused the names }{\insrsid12807907 more than once}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
. Ernwy of Stanton }{\insrsid12807907 had retained}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Clowne }{\insrsid12807907 for twenty years,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  so he }{\insrsid12807907 is not unlikely to}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 be the Ernwy at Osleston in 1066}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 6,63}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  but }{\insrsid12807907 perhaps}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 less likely to be his other namesake in Derbyshire, who shared a waste holding at Hucklow }{\insrsid12807907 over forty}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  miles to the north with two other landowners}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 7,10}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{
\insrsid12807907  Ernwy and Ernwin are unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1727758 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (nos. 32503, 32515, 32484, 35661).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16453821 ESBIORN. }{\insrsid12807907 The
 name Esbiorn is stated or implied almost fifty times, thinly distributed among a dozen counties between Kent and Yorkshire and the lands of the king and twenty-one of his tenants-in-chief, with clusters in Kent and Lincolnshire. One Esbiorn survived amon
g the king's thanes in Wiltshire.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16453821 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ESBIORN [* BI}{\insrsid12807907 C}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 G}{\insrsid12807907 A}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  *]. The English magnate Esbiorn }{\insrsid12807907 Bicga}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, who had jurisdictional privileges over his land and full jurisdi}{\insrsid12807907 ction in the city of Canterbury}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 where he held eleven messuages, is presumably Esbiorn of Chelsfield, who had full jurisdiction in eastern Kent}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN D25}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Chelsfield itself was held by Toki before the Conquest}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7232163 
KEN 5,23}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ; but Esbiorn }{\insrsid12807907 Bicga}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  did hold Keston, }{\insrsid12807907 less than six}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  away, }{\insrsid12807907 
and Dr Williams suggests it is likely he also held the preceding and very valuable manor of Cudham, where no pre-Conquest lord is named, Keston and Cudham both being subinfeudated to Gilbert Maminot, his only manors in Kent: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8729028 World before Domesday}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 48. These manors were }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 acquired by the bishop of Bayeux, who obtained four }{\insrsid12807907 other}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
s from Esbiorn }{\insrsid12807907 Bicga}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . He also acquired Ditton from an Esbiorn}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 5,42}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , probably Esbiorn }{\insrsid12807907 Bicga}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 since Ditton is a substantial manor three }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  from the valuable }{\insrsid12807907 Bicga}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  manor of Birling.
\par \tab Esbiorn }{\insrsid12807907 Bicga}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  also held Garrington, which the bishop of Bayeux gave to St Augustine's abbey 'in excha}{\insrsid12807907 nge for his park', and Postling}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, acquired by Hugh de Montfort. This was apparently granted to Hugh because it lay within his 'territory', Bishop Odo retaining the three pig pastures which lay outside. Almost all these manors were substantial}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  so it is not unlikely that Compton in Surrey}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 11,36. SUR 18,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , the one comparable Esbiorn manor south of the Thames or, indeed, south of Leic
estershire, was held by Esbiorn }{\insrsid12807907 Bicga}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 He may also be the Bicga whose manor of Fetcham in Surrey was acquired by Bishop Odo}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2437822 SUR 5,22}}}{
\insrsid12807907 ; the scribe did occasionally use a byname in place of a forename, and this is the only occurrence of Bicga as a forename in Domesday Book. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Finally, }{\insrsid12807907 Bicga }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 is probably the Esbiorn at Atherstone in Warwickshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 4,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, despite its isolation, since this, too, devolved upon the bishop of Bayeux, who subinfeudated it to Corbin of Agneaux (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ), a tenant of his at West Peckham, }{\insrsid12807907 
seven miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  from Birling.
\par \tab The record of Esbiorn's jurisdictional privileges appear to suggest that he was alive in 1086, though }{\insrsid12807907 this seems unlikely}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ; if he did survive, he had lost }{\insrsid12807907 all }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 the land he held before the Conquest. It is conceivable that he is the Esbiorn who held a virgate valued at fifteen pence, at 'Frustfield' in Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 67,93}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, the one surviving landowner of this name in the country; but this seems too cruel a joke by the conquerors; in the absence of links with other Esbiorns, he is here treated as another man.}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Esbiorn }{
\insrsid12807907 Bicga}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  was the son of Alric }{\insrsid12807907 Bicga}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and perhaps a relative of Alfred Bicga}{\insrsid12807907 , who held Wickhambreux before the Conquest}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid7232163 KEN 5,124}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 : Robertson, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Charters}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 188-89, 436-38; Williams, 'Lost worlds', p. 61. A list of Esbiorn}{
\insrsid12807907 's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  manors is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 English nobility, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 pp. 242-43, which does not include Compton}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 Fetcham, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Atherstone}{\insrsid12807907  or Cudham}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 Dr Clarke }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
ranks him seventy-sixth in wealth among untitled laymen; }{\insrsid12807907 the other four manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  would }{\insrsid12807907 place him comfortably in the top fifty}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. He is listed as a post-Conquest landowner in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 143), referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 193}{
\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  on the basis of }{\insrsid12807907 
his jurisdictional privileges, which appear to be current in 1086, though it is likely this is a scribal idiosyncrasy since Esbiorn appears to be dead, or at least disinherited, by then}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
; the Wiltshire Esbiorn is an unidentified }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Sbernus}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 17207).
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16453821 ESBIORN <OF CALOW>. Esbiorn}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16453821  }{\insrsid12807907 who shared a carucate }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16453821 at Calow }{\insrsid12807907 among the king's thanes }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid16453821 in Derbyshire }{\insrsid12807907 before the Conquest}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16453821 DBY 1}{\insrsid12807907 7,9}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16453821  }{
\insrsid12807907 has no links }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16453821 with his namesakes, the nearest }{\insrsid12807907 of them on a waste holding some }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16453821 thirty-five miles away.
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ESBIORN <OF OADBY>. As the name is uncommon, the Esbiorn who preceded Henry of Ferrers at Swepstone in Leicestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 14,23}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 may be the predecessor of Countess Judith, who 'held the whole of this land' with Earl Waltheof, apparently referring seven manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 40,1-7}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, on six of which no pre-Conquest lords are named. }{\insrsid12807907 One of these manors, Heather}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 40,7}}}{\insrsid12807907  is a mile from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Swepstone}{\insrsid12807907 .}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Apart from a single manor held by Esbiorn }{\insrsid12807907 Bicga}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{\insrsid12807907 there are no other}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Esbiorn}{\insrsid12807907 s}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  in circuit four.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11432701 ESGER. Esger is }{\insrsid12807907 a }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11432701 common}{\insrsid12807907  name which occurs}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11432701  about 150 times; but }{\insrsid12807907 
if those identified as Esger the constable are excluded, three of the four remaining names are in East Anglia, the fourth in Yorkshire; in that sense, the name is rare. One Esger survived as a subtenant in 1086.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ESGER <OF COTTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, the Esger with a modest thirty-acre holding at Cotton in Suffolk acquired by Robert Malet}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 6,217}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 may be related to either of his East Anglian namesakes, the nearest of whom is roughly thirty miles away, at Surlingham; but there are no links to confirm this.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ESGER <OF OGLETHORPE>. }{\insrsid12807907 One of the unnamed thanes at Oglethorpe in Yorkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 25W29}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 is identified as Esger in the Claims for the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS CW2}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; he has no links with his namesakes elsewhere.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \cbpat8 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ESGER <OF }{\insrsid12807907 RUSTON}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 
As the name is rare, the Esgers whose manors of Skeyton and East Ruston were acquired by Ralph Baynard and subinfeudated to Geoffrey Baynard are probably one man; the two vills are seven miles apart}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 31,2;5}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Esger's overlord at Ruston is Esger the constable. The nearest of his two East Anglian namesakes has a small holding of eight acres at Surlingham, roughly twenty-five miles away.}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ESGER <OF SURLINGHAM>. }{\insrsid12807907 Although the name is rare, the Esger }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 with a}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164  tiny holding of }{\insrsid12807907 eight acres at }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164 Surlingham }{\insrsid12807907 in Norfolk acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11679503 Roger Bigot}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 9,26}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 may be related to either of his East Anglian namesakes, roughly twenty-five miles away in one directions and thirty miles in another; but there are no links to confirm this.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
ESGER [* THE CONSTABLE *]. Esger the constable, grandson of Tovi the proud, his predecessor as constable and on many of his manors, is well-attested in contemporary sources. He was one of the wealthiest English magnates, and playe
d a significant role in the events of 1066. It is }{\insrsid12807907 likely}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  that all unidentified Esgers outside East Anglia and Yorkshire are the constable.
\par \tab }{\insrsid12807907 His}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  byname is supplied in eight counties, in five of which he preceded Geoffrey de Mandeville, his of}{\insrsid12807907 ficially designated predecessor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 in several entries, so he is probably the Esger whose }{\insrsid12807907 men or }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 manors were acquired by Geoffrey in Surrey}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUR 25,1;3}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Berkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 38,3;5-6}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , Hertfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 33,3;6-7;10;12;16;20}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 21,7}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , Oxfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 39,3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , Cambridgeshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 22,3-4;9-10}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 45,1-9}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ESS 30,2;5;16;22-25;27;31-33;35-36}{\insrsid12807907 ;38-40;42-43;45;48-49;51. 90,28}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 32,1;3-5;8;19}}}{\insrsid12807907 .}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15937991 In Cambridgeshire, the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15937991 
Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15937991  (ed. Hamilton, pp. 26, 73) identifies}{\insrsid12807907  him on two further manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 22,1. 32,16}}}{\insrsid12807907 . }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 With a single exception, these are the only unidentified Esgers in those counties; the exception, }{\insrsid12807907 at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Beauchamps in Hertfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 17,10}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{\insrsid12807907 being almost certainly the constable since the manor is }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 one of seven acquired}{\insrsid12807907  from an Esger}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 by Count Eustace of Boulogne, on six of which }{\insrsid12807907 Esger's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  title is recorded. In Oxfordshire, it is likely that Esger preceded Geoffrey on }{\insrsid12807907 his entire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 fief, the pre-Conquest lord of the first two manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 39,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  being unnamed; }{\insrsid12807907 one}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  of these, Kingham, }{\insrsid12807907 seven}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  south of Esger's Warwickshire manor of }{\insrsid12807907 Long }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Compton and the most valuable of the three, was of comparable status to a dozen }{
\insrsid12807907 of the wealthiest}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Geoffrey }{\insrsid12807907 obtained}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  from the constable.
\par \tab Esger the constable may be the same man as Esger the cramped, whose manors in the south-western counties were acquired by Walter of Douai}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Williams, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
World before Domesday}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 28-32, 35}{\insrsid12807907 , 164-65 note 61}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Esger is given his distinctive byname (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 contractus}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ) in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Exon.}{\cs23\i\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 1,23-24}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Carmen}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 de Hastingae proelio}{\i\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 (pp. 40-41) using the same epithet to describe Esger the constable in 1066. Although the constable held nothing in the south-west und}{
\insrsid12807907 er that byname, his grandfather Tovi the proud}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  was a significant landowner in the area according to a late but credible source, the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Waltham chronicle}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (pp. 3-4, 12-13, 18-19, 24-25, 34-35), the house-chronicle of Tovi's family, which credited him with the foundation of the abbey. Under his byname 'cramped', Esger held the royal manors of Ermington and Blackawton in Devon
}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
DEV 1,23-24}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , which Domesday reveals to have been exchanged for Bampton, held by Walter of Douai in 1086. Walter acquired the remaining manors of Esger in Devon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 23,15-16;22-24;26-27}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 and the single manor held by Esger in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 24,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , all substantial properties. The one remaining Esger in the south-western counties, at Calstock in Cornwall}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 5,2,12}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , may also be the constable}{\insrsid12807907  since}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  this too was valuable, among the most substantial in the county.
\par \tab There is one puzzle concerning Esger's status as predecessor of Geoffrey de Mandeville. At Sawbridgeworth}{\insrsid12807907  in Hertfordshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, his most valuable manor, an Esger is named as a subtenant in 1086. As Esgers who are not the constable are }{\insrsid12807907 otherwise unknown outside Yorkshire and East Anglia}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , a second Esger on Geoffrey's fief }{
\insrsid12807907 and the constable's manor }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 seems }{\insrsid12807907 highly }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 improbable}{\insrsid12807907 , though}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  'Esger's woman'}{\insrsid12807907  -}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  presumed to be the constable's widow}{\insrsid12807907  -}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is recorded in the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 1,6}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. The date of the constable's death appears to be unknown; he may, of course, have died during the Survey}{\insrsid12807907 , which could reconcile these apparent discrepancies}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . If he }{\insrsid12807907 was}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 indeed }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Geoffrey's tenant at Sawbridgeworth}{\insrsid12807907  on the eve of Domesday}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , then his was }{\insrsid12807907 a}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  calamitous decline in fortune}{\insrsid12807907 , leaving him with less than 1% of his pre-Conquest estate; it was also a cruel joke to allow him only a fragment of his most valuable single manor}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . A list of his manors is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 English nobility, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 pp. 243-49, which }{\insrsid12807907 does not include}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 Hinton in Northamptonshire}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  the south-western manors of Esger the cramped}{\insrsid12807907 , or }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 the holdings of his men at Croydon, Fulbo
urn and Haslingfield in Cambridgeshire, the latter pair recorded in the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , and at Arkesden in Essex and Belstead in Suffolk. }{\insrsid12807907 
Dr Clarke }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ranks Esger second in wealth among untitled laymen, ninth among the nobility; the addition of the manors of Esger the cramped would raise him one place}{\insrsid12807907  among the nobility}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . The tenant at Sawbridgeworth is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 7233).
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ESKIL <OF NUTHALL>. }{\insrsid12807907 The Eskils who held Nuthall, Elkesley and 'North Morton' among the king's thanes of Nottinghamshire in 1066}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 30,32;41-42}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 may be one man. This is probably the case with Elkesley and 'Morton', which are close to each other and were both acquired by Ernwin the priest (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1642723 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
). Nuthall is some forty miles to the south; but the status and scale of the three manors is similar and there are no other Eskils in the county, or in neighbouring Derbyshire.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ESKIL [* OF SEACOURT *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Eskil, who held the substantial manors of Seacourt, Bayworth, Marcham and Fawler (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6104602 alias}{\insrsid12807907  Sparsholt) in }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid6104602 Berkshire from Abingdon abbey}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6104602  is }{\insrsid12807907 named}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6104602  Eskil of Seacourt in the Abingdon }{\insrsid12807907 c}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid6104602 hronicle}{\insrsid12807907 , where these manors are attributed to him}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10247656 7,2;10;17;38}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6104602 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6104602 
Historia Ecclesie Abbendonensis}{\insrsid12807907 , ii. 52-55,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6104602  322-23.}{\insrsid12807907  He incurred the wrath of William Rufus and died in prison, Rufus confiscating Faw
ler and threatening to seize his other manors until pacified by the abbot with a large bribe. Eskil's widow became one of Henry I's many mistresses, recovering Bayworth for herself and Seacourt and Marcham for her son, William: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6104602 ibid}{\insrsid12807907 , ii. 52-55, 182-87. Eskil is one of a handful of tenants of this name, the nearest at Eastwell in Leicestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 42,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Two other Eskils in Berkshire are pre-Conquest landowners, apparently unrelated. Eskil's tenancies }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 1578)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  152.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ESKIL [* OF WARE *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Al Eskils in Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire are probably one man, the royal thane Eskil of Ware. He}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is }{\insrsid12807907 so-}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 name}{\insrsid12807907 d}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  on }{\insrsid12807907 seven}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  manors in Hertfordshire, where he }{\insrsid12807907 or his men were}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 succeeded by the bishop of London, Ralph of Tosny, Peter of Valognes, Hardwin of Scales, and Hugh of Grandmesnil at Ware itself}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 26,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, by far his most valuable manor}{\insrsid12807907  and the only demesne manor among the seven}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . None of these tenants-in-chief were preceded by an Eskil elsewhere.
\par \tab Hugh of Grandmesnil acquired Ware by exchange with Ralph Tallboys, the predecessor of Hugh of Beauchamp (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ), who probably married his daughter and
 heiress, Azelina. Between them, Azelina}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 55,1-2;9-10}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and Hugh acquired all the manors of an Eskil in Bedfordshire, and all but two of those of his men}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
BDF 23,1-3}{\insrsid12807907 ;5-7;11-13;22;24;27;33;42;44;52}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . One of these two, at Easton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 17,4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, was claimed by Hugh as a dependency of his manor of Colmworth, while the other, at Holme}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 18,5}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, lay in a vill where Eskil was lord of another man. In addition, Hugh probably acquired Haynes and Colmworth}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 23,15;38}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 from Eskil. Both are attributed by the scribe to an Aki; but as two of the dependencies of Colmworth name Eskil as the lord, it is likely that Aki is a scribal error, perhaps at Haynes, too, as suggested by J.H. Round: }{\insrsid12807907 
'Domesday survey of Bedfordshire', p.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  200 note. Like Eskil, this Aki was a royal thane.
\par \tab Both unidentified Eskils in Hertfordshire are probably Eskil of Ware, who had several other manors - including Ware - in the county. Like him, the Eskil at Knebworth}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 31,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 is a royal thane, and Knebworth a substantial manor. The Freemen at Stanstead Abbots}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 25,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , three }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 from Ware, are likely to be his also}{\insrsid12807907 , there being no other Eskils with demesne land in the county}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. Eskil's manors and men form a distinctive cluster, some distance from similar clusters in Berkshire and Northamptonshire, with which they have no apparent links. A list of his manors is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
English nobility, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 pp. 251-52, wh
ich does not include the lands of his men at Holme and Easton in Bedfordshire; or his demesne holdings in Haynes, Bletsoe, Colmworth, Cople, Battlesden or Hockliffe in Bedfordshire, or Knebworth in Hertfordshire. }{\insrsid12807907 Dr Clarke }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 suggests that the unnamed overlords from whom Hugh acquired many of his numerous Freemen in Bedfordshire may }{\insrsid12807907 be}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Eskil. While possible}{\insrsid12807907 
, and likely in some cases}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , Hugh may well have used his power}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  as sheriff of the county to absorb them, whoever their lords}{\insrsid12807907 , as sheriffs often did}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 Dr Clarke }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ranks Eskil thirty-second in wealth among untitled laymen; }{\insrsid12807907 t}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
he additional manors would place him in the top two dozen.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907 "ESTAN"}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7360803 .}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 The name }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3810792 Estan}{\insrsid12807907 
 occurs fifteen times, thinly distributed among eleven counties between Kent and Yorkshire and the lands of as many tenants-in-chief, all borne by pre-Conquest landowners. It is probably the same name as }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3810792 Edstan}{
\insrsid12807907 , a form which occurs five times, once on the Honour of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16083551 William son of Ansculf}{\insrsid12807907 , who numbered an }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3810792 Estan}{\insrsid12807907 
 among his predecessors in the same county. It is perhaps also the same name as the more familiar Aethelstan (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3810792 Adstan}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3810792 Adestan}{\insrsid12807907 
), which occurs on several Honours that acquired lands from an }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16083551 Estan}{\insrsid12807907 . Bishop }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3810792 Estan}{\insrsid12807907  at Priors Frome in Herefordshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
HEF 13,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  is Bishop Aethelstan of Hereford (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16083551 circa}{\insrsid12807907  1016-1056). On occasions, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15471553 Estan}{\insrsid12807907 
 appears to be equivalent to the much more common Alstan (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3810792 Alestan}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3810792 Alstan}{\insrsid12807907 ): von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12721020 
Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 152-53, 182, 188, 237.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par "ESTAN"}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  <OF BONCHURCH>. }{\insrsid12807907 It is conceivable that }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8351963 Estan}{\insrsid12807907 , whose modest holding at Bonchurch on the Isle of Wight}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12542338 
HAM IoW7,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  was acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5249550 William son of Azur}{\insrsid12807907 , is }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8351963 Estan}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8351963  }{\insrsid12807907 of Hannington, the one other }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9202895 Estan}{\insrsid12807907  (or Aethelstan or }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9202895 Edstan}{\insrsid12807907 ) in Hampshire; but there are no links to confirm this.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 "ESTAN" <OF FARNINGHAM>. The }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Estan}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 s whose manors of Farningham in Kent}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 5,13}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and Glentworth in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 4,7}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 were acquired by the bishop of Bayeux are probably one man. Both manors are fairly substantial, and both were subinfeudated to Wadard of Cogges (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ).}{\insrsid12807907  }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9202895 Estan}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16083551  probably held }{\insrsid12807907 the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16083551 jurisdiction in Glentham attached to Glentworth}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 4,9}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16083551 
, though the form of his name there - }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16083551 Adestan}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16083551  - is normally rendered Aethelstan}{\insrsid12807907 ; the two names}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16083551 , however, 
may be interchangeable, as they appear to be here. }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16083551 Estan}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16083551  is probably also }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16083551 Eustan}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16083551 
 - a unique form - the bishop's predecessor at Maplescombe, two miles from Farningham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 5,5}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16083551 . He may also be the }{\insrsid12807907 over}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16083551 lord }{
\insrsid12807907 at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16083551  Brickhill in Buckinghamshire, acquired by Bishop Odo}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 4,43}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16083551 . The holding is said to be dependant on }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16083551 Estan}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid16083551 's manor of Brickhill, that}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is Great Brickhill, }{\insrsid12807907 a valuable manor }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 recorded as held by Earl Tosti}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14490951 
BUK 13,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 ;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Estan}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  was either }{\insrsid12807907 the earl's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 unnamed 'man' there or was granted the manor after Tosti}{\insrsid12807907 's }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 fall. }{\insrsid12807907 Either way, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Estan}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  had a local presence, }{
\insrsid12807907 so}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  he may }{\insrsid12807907 be}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  the other }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Estan}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  in Buckinghamshire, }{\insrsid12807907 
the predecessor of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16083551 William son of Ansculf}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 at Tyringham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 17,22}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{
\insrsid12807907 thirteen}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  from Brickhill. Roughly midway between the}{\insrsid12807907  two vills}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 lay Woughton on the Green, where Leofwin son of }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Estan}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  was an overlord}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 12,31}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , the }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Estan}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  of Brickhill and Tyringham perhaps }{\insrsid12807907 being }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
his father. Woughton was acquired by Odo's half-brother, the Count of Mortain, who was preceded by the one other }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Estan}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  in the Midlands, at Weedon in Northamptonshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NTH 18,29}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par \tab Another link tends to confirm the identity of the predecessors of Bishop Odo and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16083551 William son of Ansculf}{\insrsid12807907 . William acquired Chicheley}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 17,25}}}{\insrsid12807907  from an }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16083551 Edestanus}{\insrsid12807907 , a rare name likely to be a variant of }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16083551 Estan}{\insrsid12807907 ; his overlord at Chicheley is the magnate }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16083551 
Alnoth the Kentishman}{\insrsid12807907 , most of whose lands were acquired Bishop Odo. Less certainly, it is possible that the two other }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14490951 Edstan}{\insrsid12807907 
s in Domesday Book are the same man, though there are no specific links to confirm this. One had half a messuage in Lincoln}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN C24}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, acquired by the abbey of Ely which had no other interest in the county but was an important landowner in Norfolk, where Edstan's other holding lay: two churches and a large amount of land in Norwich}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9765273 1,61}}}{
\insrsid12807907 . Count Alan of Brittany also acquired a substantial manor in the county, at Saxthorpe, from a man of Earl Harold who is named }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16083551 Estan}{\insrsid12807907  in its dependency and }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16083551 Adstan}{\insrsid12807907  at Saxthorpe itself}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 4,22;35}}}{\insrsid12807907 , another example of the equivalence of }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15471553 Estan}{\insrsid12807907 
 and Aethelstan. Bishop Odo, too, had another }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16083551 Adstan}{\insrsid12807907  among his predecessors in the region, on the valuable manor of Thorrington in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 18,43}}}{\insrsid12807907 .
 In these cases at least it appears that }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14490951 Estan}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14490951 Edstan}{\insrsid12807907  and }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14490951 Adstan}{\insrsid12807907 
 are the same name, borne by one man; there no others in Buckinghamshire, Essex or Norfolk. It is not unlikely, therefore, that the Count's tenant, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15471553 Adestanus}{\insrsid12807907 , at Soham in Cambridgeshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
CAM 14,73}}}{\insrsid12807907 , the only }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14490951 Estan}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14490951 Edstan}{\insrsid12807907  or }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14490951 Adstan}{\insrsid12807907 
 in the county in Domesday Book and the only survivor of any of these name-forms in the country. If so, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14090353 Estan}{\insrsid12807907 /}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14090353 Edstan}{\insrsid12807907 
/Aethelstan survived on a fragment of his once extensive estate. He is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1727758 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 1811). In the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6952814 Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis}{
\insrsid12807907  (ed. Hamilton, p. 7), }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6952814 Adestanus}{\insrsid12807907  appears as }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6952814 Alstanus}{\insrsid12807907 
, while a juror in Radfield Hundred - conceivably the same man - is variously recorded in the satellite texts as }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6952814 Adestan}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6952814 Aethelstan}{\insrsid12807907  and }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6952814 Alestanus}{\insrsid12807907  (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9202895 ibid}{\insrsid12807907 ., pp. 17-18, 98).}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15471553 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907 "ESTAN"}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  <OF HANNINGTON>. }{
\insrsid12807907 It is conceivable that the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8351963 Estan}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8351963  }{\insrsid12807907 who had a small holding at Hannington among the king's servants in north Hampshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 69,44}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 is }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8351963 Estan}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8351963  }{\insrsid12807907 of Bonchurch, on the Isle of Wight, the one other }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9202895 Estan}{\insrsid12807907  (or Aethelstan or }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9202895 Edstan}{\insrsid12807907 ) in Hampshire; but there are no links to confirm this.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 "ESTAN" <OF LOXLEY>. }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Estan}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , whose }{\insrsid12807907 respectable}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 manor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 Loxley in Warwickshire was acquired by the Count of Meulan}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 16,61}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , has no links with his namesakes.}{\insrsid12807907  There are no other }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9202895 Estans}{\insrsid12807907 , }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9202895 Edstans}{\insrsid12807907  or Aethelstans in the county or on the Count's Honour. }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9202895 Estan}{\insrsid12807907 
 of Farningham, is the one landowner of these name-forms in any of the adjacent counties.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par "ESTAN"}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  <OF OTTERHAMPTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is uncommon, the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12542338 Estan}{\insrsid12807907 
s who held Tuxwell, Otterhampton and Radlet in Somerset are probably one man. Two of the manors were acquired by Alfred 'of Spain'}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 35,6-7}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, the third lying in a neighbouring vill}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 22,9}}}{\insrsid12807907 . It is not unlikely he is also the Aethelstan at Lexworthy}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 21,76}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, four miles from Tuxwell, these names being treated as equivalents on other Honours and in other sources. There are no other }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9202895 Estans}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9202895 Edstans}{\insrsid12807907 
 or Aethelstans Somerset or adjacent counties.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par "ESTAN"}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  <OF WYSALL>. }{\insrsid12807907 The }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12542338 Estan}{\insrsid12807907 s whose manors at Wysall in Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 9,90-91}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Wickersley in Yorkshire}
{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
YKS 10W6}}}{\insrsid12807907  devolved upon Roger of Bully may be the same }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13771088 
man, despite the distance separating them - almost fifty miles - Roger being unlikely to have two predecessors with this uncommon name. It is also likely, even probable, that }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13771088 Estan}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13771088 
 is the same man as Aethelstan, predecessor of Roger at Walkeringham in Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 9,120}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13771088 . The two}{\insrsid12807907 
 names are treated as equivalents on some other Honours, and the three Nottinghamshire manors are subinfeudated to one tenant, Roger of Louvetot. Roger's predecessor is perhaps the one other Aethelstan
 in Nottinghamshire, the predecessor of Gilbert Tison in the lost vill of }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13771088 Alwoldestorp}{\cs23\i\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 18,6}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Gilbert also succeeded an Aethelstan at Swinton - six miles from Roger's manor of Wickersley - and Beamsley in Yorkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 21W2;4}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, very likely this man too, there being no other Aethelstans in the county.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13771088 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 EUDO}{\insrsid12807907 . Although Eudo is a fairly common name, it is rare in the sense that it was bo
rne by few individuals, the great majority of Eudos being named in the text as one four landowners, two of them tenants-in-chief, another dead before 1086, and a fourth identifiable with reasonable confidence with the aid of a satellite text, leaving only
 three others to be identified. No Eudo held land before the Conquest.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par EUDO <OF BARNSLEY>. Eudo, who held seven virgates from the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13902905 Church of Worcester}{\insrsid12807907  at Barnsley in Worcestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WOR 3,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is the only Eudo in the west of England. It seems unlikely he is the same man as any of his namesakes, with none of whom he has any associations. He is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1727758 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 29437).}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid13902905 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par EUDO <OF FOLKESTONE>. Eudo, who held a half-sulung as a subtenant of the huge manor of Folkestone}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 5,128}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is the only uni
dentified Eudo south of the Thames. It is conceivable that he is Eudo the steward, who held manors in Berkshire and Hampshire, or Eudo son of Spirewic, who may have held a manor in Lincolnshire from Odo of Bayeux, the tenant-in-chief at Folkestone; but hi
s manor is modest and the associations very slight. He is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1727758 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 7779).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 EUDO [* OF MUMBY *]. Eudo, who held Mumby and its dependencies in Lincolnshire from Count Alan of Brittany}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 12,93;95-96}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, is named Eudo of Mumby in the Lindsey Survey (12/7. 15/6). }{\insrsid12807907 As his name is rare, he is very probably}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  the Count's tenant elsewhere on his fief}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 12,40;80-82;85-86}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, though one of the manors is held by a Wigot in the Survey, and another appears to be in demesne (17/4. 18,1). }{\insrsid12807907 Eudo}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 had, however, acquired land in Thorpe St Peter, and his descendants had other land in the county, so some shuffling of his tenancies occurred: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Early Yorkshire charters}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ,
 v. 269-61. It is improbable that the Count had two Eudos among his tenants when the only others in the county - or, indeed, in northern England - may be identified as }{\insrsid12807907 one other man, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Eudo son of Spirewic; the Count had none elsewhere}{\insrsid12807907  on his Honour}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Eudo's tenancies are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 (no. 3005) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 p.}{\insrsid12807907  195, together with East Keal}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 3,25}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, where Eudo is more probably the son of Spirewic.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par EUDO <OF QUAINTON>. Eudo, tenant of Hascoit Musard on the fairly substantial manor of Quainton in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 49,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Hascoit's entire fief in the county, has no links with his namesakes. The manor was held by t
he Neyrnut family in the thirteenth century: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13902905 VCH Buckinghamshire}{\insrsid12807907 , iv. 95. Eudo's manor is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 1654)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  195.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 EUDO [* SON OF CLAMAHOC *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Eudo son of Clamahoc, or Eudo Clamahoc}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 1,218. 66,94}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is named on five manors in Norfolk, one of which - Fransham - he is said to have held 'as long as he lived'}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6104602 NFK 22,11}}}{\insrsid12807907 . On all five he was succeeded by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6104602 
Ralph of Beaufour}{\insrsid12807907 , which almost certainly identifies him as the intermediate landowner on six other manors on Ralph's fief}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6104602 20,1;7;10;31-32. 66,90
}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Only one other Eudo is recorded as an intermediate landowner in Domesday Book, also in Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 1,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 , where he is described as a man 
of Earl Ralph Wader, probably the same man as Ralph's predecessor, who appears to be a Breton from the same region of Brittany as other followers of Ralph Wader, and so possibly implicated in his rebellion: Marten, 'Rebellion of 1075', pp. 176, 178. As an
 intermediate landowner, his manors are not listed in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13901277 Coel}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\i\insrsid12807907 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907  or the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13901277 Statistics}{\insrsid12807907 
 database.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 EUDO [* SO
N OF SPIREWIC *]. Eudo, who claimed land at Tattershall Thorpe in Lincolnshire from the bishop of Durham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 3,15. CS22}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , is identified as the son of Spirewic on his }{\insrsid12807907 demesne }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 manor}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 in the vill}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10058346 LIN 29,8}{
\insrsid12807907 ;28}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , where it is explained that he held two-thirds of the vill, the bishop the other third. The shares originated in the division of the vill}{\insrsid12807907  - described elsewhere in the Claims}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid10058346 LIN CS21}}}{\insrsid12807907  -}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  between three brothers}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 one of whom, Sighvatr, was the predecessor of Eudo at East Keal, which }{
\insrsid12807907 indicates}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Spirewic}{\insrsid12807907 's son}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is the unidentified Eudo who claimed part of the bishop of Durham's manor }{\insrsid12807907 there}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
LIN 3,25}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, i}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 t is likely that Eudo is also tenant of the bishop of Bayeux on another manor in Tattershall Thorpe}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 4,55}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . His manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 502) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, p. 195, apart from the entry for East Keal, assigned to Eudo of Mumby.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 EUDO [* THE STEWARD *]. }{\insrsid12807907 
The Eudos who had}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  houses and a garden in Hertford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT B5}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , claim}{\insrsid12807907 ed}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  land at Thurleigh in Bedfordshire}
{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
BDF 28,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , and }{\insrsid12807907 held}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  a }{\insrsid12807907 disputed }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 tenancy from the abbey of Ely at Rettendon in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 10,3}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  probably Eudo the steward, a tenant-in-chief in those counties and in seven others. In Hertford, the houses and garden were held from him by Humphrey of Anneville (
}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ), his tenant }{\insrsid12807907 in the county; and at Rettendon}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 Eudo is shown to be the steward by a fuller description of the manor, including the interest of Ely }{\insrsid12807907 abbey, on his own fief}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10058346 ESS 25,20}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 His}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  men at Thurleigh claim
ed the manor 'through their lord's predecessor' - Wulfgeat, a royal thane - 'all of whose lands King William bestowed upon him'. No Eudo had a predecessor named Wulfgeat; but Eudo the steward acquired all the lands of Wulfmer of Eaton (}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ), so Wulfgeat is probably a scribal error for Wulfmer. On Eudo's Honour, see Farrer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Honors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , iii. 164-295}{
\insrsid12807907 ; Lennard, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14242565 Rural England}{\insrsid12807907 , pp.99-104.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  His manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 (no. 279) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 194}{\insrsid12807907 , with the addition of a tenancy at Micheldever in Hampshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 6,16}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, here attributed to Odo of Winchester}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 EUSTACE.}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Although the name Eustace occurs several hundred times, }{\insrsid12807907 
it is rare in the sense that it was borne by only a handful of individuals. Most Eustaces are named in the text as}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Count Eustace of Boulogne, Eustace the cleric}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 9,72}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{
\insrsid12807907 or}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Eustace the sheriff}{\insrsid12807907 , alias Eustace of Huntingdon. With one exception, the remainder are probably the Count or the sheriff.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 [* COUNT *] EUSTACE [* OF BOULOGNE *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Count E, named on several royal manors and one belonging to of St Ouen in Essex, can only be Count Eustace of Boulogne}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid599295 
1,3;24;27-28. 17,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; on four of them he is named in relation to his predecessor, Engelric the priest (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid599295 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
). He is very probably also the Eustace whose unnamed predecessor was the lord of free men in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid599295 Finborough}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid599295 SUF }{\insrsid12807907 
29,1. 76,16}}}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid599295 Finborough}{\insrsid12807907  being a manor Count Eustace acquired from Engelric the priest}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid599295 SUF 5,4}}}{
\insrsid12807907 . The Count's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 261)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  196-97.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 EUSTACE [* OF TORCY *]. Eustace, who held a hide }{\insrsid12807907 from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4200845 William of Warenne}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 in Falmer Hundred }{\insrsid12807907 
in Sussex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 12,17}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , has been tentatively identified as Eustace of Torcy, from Torcy in Uppe
r Normandy (Seine-Maritime: arrondissement Dieppe), a benefactor of Lewes priory, which held land in Falmer Hundred. As unidentified Eustaces are rare, he may be Eustace the cleric, identified as a canon of St Mary's of Hastings, who held from another ten
ant-in-chief at Ratton, but there are no links to confirm this; neither descent has been traced. Their tenancies are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, assigned to different individuals (nos. 209, 948), referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 196, 197.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 EUSTACE [* THE SHERIFF *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Apart from the fief of Count Eustace, it is probable that all Eustaces in Huntingdonshire and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4749782 Northamptonshire }{\insrsid12807907 are }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid4749782 Eustace}{\insrsid12807907  the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4749782  sheriff}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4749782  }{\insrsid12807907 alias}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4749782  Eustace }{\insrsid12807907 of }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid4749782 Huntingdon}{\insrsid12807907 ; these are the only counties where unidentified men of this name occur in any numbers}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4749782 .}{\insrsid12807907  In Huntingdon, Eustace is named in several}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid4749782  vills }{\insrsid12807907 where}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4749782  the sheriff held in chief}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HUN 5,2. 13,3-4. 20,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 ;}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid4749782  where he appears to be exploiting the }{\insrsid12807907 powers of his office}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HUN B1;10;12-13}}}{\insrsid12807907 ;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4749782  or where }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid599295 
alleged seizures or disputed titles are involved}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid599295 HUN }{\insrsid12807907 2,2. 6,3;7-8. D2;19;25}}}{\insrsid12807907 , a}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid599295  common}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4749782  }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 pattern of behaviour by sheriffs}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4749782  within their sheriffdoms}{\insrsid12807907 , Eustace being 'a shocking oppressor, robbing ... abbeys, churches, and private persons': Round, 'Dome
sday survey of Northamptonshire', p. 292}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4749782 . }{\insrsid12807907 At Molesworth}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HUN 20,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, he was a tenant of Countess Judith, a manor acquired from Northmann, from whom the sheriff obtained two of his Northamptonshire manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 55,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, so he may be the Eustace who held Rushton from the Countess}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 
{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 56,46}}}{\insrsid12807907 . In Northamptonshire, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4749782 five of }{\insrsid12807907 the six Eustaces had manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid599295 
in vills in which the sheriff held in chief}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 6a,13;17;24;26. 35,15}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid599295 , }{\insrsid12807907 the sixth, a claimant at Knuston}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid599295 NTH 48,12}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , being probably the sheriff in default of another Eustace with land in the county. On three of the manors held from Peterborough abbey - Polebrook, Clopton and Catworth - the identity of Eustace is confirmed by their descent: King, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid599295 Peterborough abbey}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 47. The sheriff's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 660)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  197.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 EVERARD. The name Everard occurs approximately sixteen times - there }{\insrsid12807907 some}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  uncertain cases - in Domesday Book}{\insrsid12807907 , distributed among seven
 counties and the lands of the king and nine of his tenants-in-chief, with clusters in Lincolnshire and Yorkshire, one name occurring in 1066}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 EVERARD [* OF LEATHLEY *]. }{\insrsid12807907 All Everards in Lincolnshire and Yorkshire in 1086 are probably one man, t}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15352505 enant }{\insrsid12807907 or man }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid15352505 of William of Percy }{\insrsid12807907 on all these manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15352505 LIN 22,35-36. YKS }{\insrsid12807907 1W53. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15352505 13}{\insrsid12807907 W}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid15352505 16;26;35. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5857259 SW,Bu49}}}{\insrsid12807907  and ancestor of the family which took its name from his manor of Leathley in Yorkshire (13W26). }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
The Lincolnshire and Yorkshire }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  descended }{\insrsid12807907 to different families, though }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 not all the links in the chain of descent can be reconstructed}{
\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907 Early Yorkshire charters}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , x}{\insrsid12807907 i.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  137-39, 203-205. }{\insrsid12807907 Despite this, it is improbable that Percy 
had two tenants named Everard when all other tenants-in-chief north of the Wash could not muster one between them. Everard's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907  (no. 3352)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  182-83.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 EVERARD <OF ST IVES>. Everard}{\insrsid12807907 , who held a}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  subtenancy from the }{\insrsid12807907 abbey of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Ramsey }{\insrsid12807907 
in St Ives in Huntingdonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HUN 6,7}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , later in the hands of the Mowin family}{\insrsid12807907 , has no links with other Everards}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
VCH Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  ii, 181-82.}{\insrsid12807907  He}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 32584)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 EVERARD <OF SPRIDLINGTON>. The Everard at Spridlington}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 26,25}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the only pre-Conquest }{
\insrsid12807907 Everard in Domesday Book}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . The native origin of the tenant-in-chief, Kolsveinn of Lincoln, and the }{\insrsid12807907 fact that}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Everard's two brothers}{\insrsid12807907 
 shared the manor with him}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\insrsid12807907 suggests that }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Everard }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 a native landowner though}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  there is some doubt }{\insrsid12807907 as to the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Old English derivation}{\insrsid12807907  of his name: }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Forssner, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
Continental-Germanic }{\i\insrsid12807907 personal names}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 63-64}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Spridlington is only }{\insrsid12807907 ten}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 miles from one of the holdings of Everard of Leathley, tenant of William of Percy, and lies between this and the remainder of }{\insrsid12807907 the Leathley}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 in Lincolnshire and Yorkshire. }{\insrsid12807907 In the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10317099 Lindsey Survey}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Spridlington }{\insrsid12807907 
and the Percy manor of Holtham are recorded as demesnes of the tenants-in-chief. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 In view of }{\insrsid12807907 this and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 the comparative rarity of the name}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  this is either a curious coincidence or the two Everards are the same individual, }{\insrsid12807907 probably }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 an }{\insrsid12807907 English}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 survivor. There are problems with either conclusion}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  so Everard of Spridlington is here treated as a separate individual.
\par 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5467705 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 EVERARD [!4! SON OF BRIAN !4!]. The }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  (}{\insrsid12807907 ed. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
Hamilton, pp. 9-10) identifies the Everard }{\insrsid12807907 at Ashley and Saxon Street}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in Cambridgeshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 CAM 29,1-2}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  as the son of Brian and a juror in Cheveley Hundred. Both }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  were held from Aubrey de Vere and later descended to the Lavenham and Beauchamp families}{
\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who appear to have had no connection with any of Everard's namesakes}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VCH Cambridgeshire}{\insrsid12807907 , x. 33-34, 86-90}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Brian is Brian of Scales, a relative of Hardwin of Scales, probably from Saint-Germain-en-Cogl\'e8s }{\insrsid12807907 in Brittany }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 (Ille-et-Vilaine: arrondissement Foug\'e8res)}{
\insrsid12807907 . Everard's tenancies }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 947)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 pp. 195-96.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par EVERWIN <OF TEW>. Everwin, tenant of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5002224 Robert of Stafford}{\insrsid12807907  at Duns Tew in Oxfordshire, is almost certainly the Everwin who held the largest holding in that vill from Robert d'Oilly}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OX
F }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5002224 27,5. 28,29}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; there is only one other Everwin in Domesday Book, a burgess in Norwich}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 1,61}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Everwin's manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 11767)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 but not apparently}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8536397 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8536397 FALC <OF }{\insrsid12807907 BRADFIELD}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8536397 >}{\insrsid12807907 . Falc, who held a half-carucate from the abbey of St Edmunds at Bradfield in Suffolk is alm
ost certainly the Falc who survived for two decades on eight acres held from the abbey of Ely in Rattlesden, where he is described as a man of St Edmund's}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 14,59. 21,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. As is often the case, Little Domesday is unclear as to the date of Falc's holding at Bradfield but the Feudal Book of Abbot Baldwin confirms his tenancy in 1086; the Rattlesden holding is not recorded there: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4200845 
Feudal documents}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 19-20, 34. He is the only Falc in Domesday Book. The tenant at Bradfield is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 
(no. 12810), and the holding at Rattlesden assigned to the abbey's demesne.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8536397 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par FATHERLING [* FATHER OF ROALD *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 The name Fatherling occurs five times}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  in Domesday}{\insrsid12807907 
, all five in Hampshire, in a cluster north of Winchester. Four are tenants of Hugh of Port}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9255254 23,22-24;68}}}{\insrsid12807907 , probably to be identified with the father of Roald named in the }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8389172 Winton Domesday}{\insrsid12807907  (pp. 39, 103, 170), who may be the Roald (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid787058 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ) - another rare n
ame - who held Lomer, south-east of the city, from St Peter's of Winchester. The fifth Fatherling, a tenant of William Bellett at Woodcott}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 52,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is probably also Roald's father. Woodcott is two miles - one across the fields - from his manor of Litchfield, and he acquired it from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9070291 William 'with his daughter'. Fatherling's manors are recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9070291 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9070291  (no. 935) and referenced in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  197-98.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par FATHIR <OF BANHAM>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 
The five Fathirs in Domesday Book may be one man, the royal thane whose substantial manor of Great Bircham in Norfolk was acquired by Ralph of Beaufour, who succeeded Fathir on a comparable manor at Lexham, thirteen miles south of Bircham}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NFK 20,2;8}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Another tenant-in-chief, William of Ecouis, acquired the two comparable manors of Wilby and Banham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 19,11;13}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, between twenty-five and thirty-five miles north of Bircham. Distribution, manorial status, and the rarity of the nam
e make it improbable that two Fathirs are involved. Possibly, though less certainly, he held the seven acres at Cotton in Suffolk acquired by Richard son of Gilbert}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 25,24}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, seventeen miles south of Wilby.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 FIN. }{\insrsid12807907 The forename Fin occurs twenty times, distributed among three counties and the lands of four tenants-in-chief, all in 1066; nineteen, possibly all twenty, are probably the same man.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 FIN}{\insrsid12807907  <OF BARNETBY>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, the Fin whose modest manor in Barnetby-le-Wold in Lincolnshire was acquired by Erneis of Buron}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
LIN 34,4}}}{\insrsid12807907  might be Fin the Dane, the one other landowner of this name in Domesday Book; but there are no links to confirm an identification.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 FIN [* THE DANE *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Fins on twelve of the manors of Richard son of Count Gilbert in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6565885 
25,19;51-53;56-57;59;61;63;72;75;77}}}{\insrsid12807907  are almost certainly Fin the Dane, so-}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 named on }{\insrsid12807907 two }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 of Richard's}{\insrsid12807907  manors in Essex}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
ESS 23,38;43}}}{\insrsid12807907 . On the Suffolk fief, Fin is twice described as Richard's predecessor, and Fin's Honour, or Holding, is mentioned on several other manors. His wife, Wulfeva (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6565885 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
), held two manors from Richard in Cambridgeshire, and Fin himself was a minor landowner in Buckinghamshire before the Conquest}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 19,5. 57,16}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. The other two Fins in Suffolk are probably also the Dane, one, at Hemingstone}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 8,59}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, described as Richard's predecessor; the other, sitting in judgement with Ralph Tallboys, can scarcely be other than a substantial landowner}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 SUF }{\insrsid12807907 35,3
}}}{\insrsid12807907 . The one other Fin}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  in Domesday}{\insrsid12807907 , at Barnetby-le-Wold in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 34,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, may be the same man, but there are no links to warrant an identification.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 FORNE. }{\insrsid12807907 Forne is a rare name which occurs once in Gloucestershire and fourteen times in Yorkshire, possibly borne by two men.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 FORNE}{\insrsid12807907  <OF LONGHOPE>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 The thane Forne, who shared the substantial manor of Longhope in Gloucestershire acquired by }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid9401708 William son of Baderon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9401708 GLS 32,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is unlikely to be the same man as his Yorkshire namesake whose manors are more than 150 miles away and without apparent links.

\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 FORNE [* SON OF SIGULF *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Forne, who held Nunburnholme among the king's thanes in Yorkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12794653 29E4}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , is identified as the son of Sigulf in charters of Henry I: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12794653 Early Yorkshire charters}{\insrsid12807907 
, ii. 505-509. He is the only survivor of this name, and no Sigulfs are recorded in Domesday Book. As his name is rare, it is possible that all or most of th
e remaining Fornes in Yorkshire before the Conquest are Sigulf's son. Cleaving Grange, without a tenant in 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 1E4}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is two miles from Nunburnholme; and the cluster of manors around Skirpenbeck acquired by Odo the bowman - probably therefore held by one man - is roughly ten miles away}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS C17. 26E1-2;4;8-10;12}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. They include messuages in York; and Scoreby Manor}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 13E5}}}{\insrsid12807907 , acquired from Forne by William of Percy, lies between York and Skirpenbeck and York and Nunburnholme. The other three manors - Anlaby, Kirkby Wharfe and Sproatley}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
YKS 1E1. 9W30. 14E52}}}{\insrsid12807907  - are in th
e same general area; Kirkby, the one vill outside the East Riding, is fourteen miles from York. The concentration of all but one of the Domesday Fornes in this limited area - the Gloucestershire Forne is probably another man - suggests that most are one m
a
n, if not Sigulf's son. The objection to him is that that Forne - who prospered under Henry I, his daughter Edith becoming one of the king's mistresses and subsequently wife of Robert II d'Oilly - is known to have died in the financial year 1130, which wo
uld make him very old if he were a landowner in 1066: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12794653 Early Yorkshire charters}{\insrsid12807907 
, ii. 505-509. There are, however, other Domesday landowners who appear to have lived that long, Frawin of Cornwall, Harding son of Alnoth and Roger of Beaumont among them. Forne may have left his mark on the landscape, at the lost vills of }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5516973 Fornetorp}{\insrsid12807907 , in the North and East Ridings, the last of which must be close to his manor at Swaythorpe}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 1E34-35. 29E9}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Forne's tenancy is}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 4687)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  199.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12794653 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \cbpat8 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid4338026 FRANI. Frani is a not uncommon name which occurs twenty-eight times, distributed among ten}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  counties }{\insrsid12807907 between Sussex and Yorkshire }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 and the lands of the king and }{\insrsid12807907 fourteen}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  of his tenants-in-chief}{
\insrsid12807907 , with small clusters in Nottinghamshire and Yorkshire. Survivors held two manors in 1086.
\par 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 FRAN}{\insrsid12807907 I <OF ASHLEY>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Frani, whose modest manor at Ashley in Northamptonshire was acquired by Robert of Tosny}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 26,10}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, may be the father of the English magnate, Oswulf son of Frani (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15008725 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ), a significant predeces
sor of Robert of Tosny; two of Oswulf's manors acquired by Robert - Stoke Albany and Brampton Ash - are two miles from Ashley. As Frani is not a common name, it is not unlikely he is one of only two survivors of this name, a tenant of Robert of Bucy at Sl
awston, three miles from Ashley, just across the border in Leicestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 17,20}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. He may also be the one other Frani in either county, at Horton in Northamptonshire, acquired by the bishop of Coutances}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 4,28}}}{\insrsid12807907 
; Oswulf had manors in Bedfordshire, a few miles to the east. Interestingly, a Frani of Rockingham granted land at East Langton to Peterborough abbey towards the end of the tenth century: }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid7168196 Early }{
\i\cf1\insrsid12807907 c}{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid7168196 harters of }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907 e}{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid7168196 astern England}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid7168196 , p. 244}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
. Ashley lies midway between East Langton and Rockingham, roughly five miles from either, so Frani may be an ancestor of the Domesday lord; Rockingham, where the Conqueror was to build a castle, suggests a once-important lordship.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 FRAN}{\insrsid12807907 I [* SON OF ERNGEAT *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 
As Frani is not a common name, the two Franis in Worcestershire may be the same man, the name occurring only once more in the five surrounding counties}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1733110 .}{\insrsid12807907  Frani held part of the royal manor of Bromsgr
ove as a thane of Earl Edwin}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WOR 1,1c}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Rous Lench from the bishopric of Worcester}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WOR 2,18}}}{\insrsid12807907 , characteristics which suggest he is a son of Erngeat son of Grim (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10116683 q.v.
}{\insrsid12807907 ), another a thane of Earl Edwin holding part of Bromsgrove, accused by Hemming of withholding two manors from the Church of Worcester which were in the hands Alwold (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10116683 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
), a third thane of Earl Edwin at Bromsgrove and probably another son of Erngeat: Williams, 'Introduction to the Worcestershire Domesday, p. 22; Baxter, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16474343 Earls of Mercia}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 251-52.}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 FRANK. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1733110 Frank }{\insrsid12807907 is a rare name which occurs eight}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1733110  times}{\insrsid12807907 
, distributed among five counties and the lands of three tenants-in-chief, all landowners in 1086}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1733110 .}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 FRANK [* OF FALCONBERG *]. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, the Franks who held four manors in Yorkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12794653 14E33;37;47;51}}}{
\insrsid12807907  and two in East Anglia}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 8,137. SUF 48,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12794653 Drogo of la Beuvri\'e8re}{\insrsid12807907  are very probably }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2454779 
Frank of Falconberg}{\insrsid12807907 , Drogo's tenant at Rise, named}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2454779  }{\insrsid12807907 in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2454779  the chronicle of Meaux }{\insrsid12807907 abbey: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13174266 
Chronicon }{\i\insrsid12807907 m}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13174266 onasterii de Melsa}{\insrsid12807907 , i. 78-79. He was probably from Fauquembergues in Nord (Pas-de-Calais: arrondissement Saint-Omer). His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 938)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , }{\insrsid12807907 199, with the addition of Thurborough in Devon.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 FRANK <OF LYDBURY>. }{\insrsid12807907 Frank, who shared part of the episcopal manor of Lydbury in Shropshire and its church}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 2,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  with William the cleric}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SHR 2,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , has no links with other Franks. He is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 30601).}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 FRANK <OF THUBOROUGH>. }{\insrsid12807907 Dr }{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid1733110 Keats Rohan identifies }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 the tenant of Robert of Aumale}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid1733110  }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 at Thurborough in Devon}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 DEV 28,4}}}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907 , }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid1733110 as Frank of Falconberg}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 , tenant of }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid12794653 Drogo of la Beuvri\'e8re}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
 in Yorkshire and East Anglia. The grounds for doing so are not apparent. Drogo was succeeded by Count Stephen of Aumale; but the Aumale families of Devon and Yorkshire }{\insrsid12807907 are unrelated and the Aumale}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  lords of Holde
rness}{\insrsid12807907  post-date Domesday}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1733110 .}{\insrsid12807907  Frank's manor of Thurborough is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded with those of Frank of Falconberg in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 938)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , }{\insrsid12807907 199.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \cbpat8 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 FRAWIN}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3280484 .}{
\insrsid12807907  Frawin is a rare name which occurs six times in Domesday Book and once in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6717044 Exon.}{\insrsid12807907 
, distributed among five counties between Sussex and Devon; a Frawin of Kirtling is named as a juror in Cambridgeshire, and Frawins survived on two manors in the south-west.}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 FRAWIN [* OF CORNWALL *]. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, the Frawin who held Tregony in Cornwall from the Count of Mortain}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 5,24,21}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 is probably the Frawin who, according to }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10886497 Exon}{\insrsid12807907 ., preceded the Count on part of the manor of Hele in Devon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 15,47}}}{\insrsid12807907 : }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12794653 Devonshire Domesday}{\insrsid12807907 , i. 340-43. He may also be the Frawin at Alton in Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 68,18}}}{\insrsid12807907 , the one other s
urvivor, and, less certainly, the Frawin at Bridgerule, Ingsdon and Leonard in 1066}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 35,2. 43,5. 51,14}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, which lie between the Cornish and Wiltshire manors. Dr Keats-Rohan suggests he is Frawin of Cornwall, named in the Pipe Roll of 1130 as paying \'a350 for an old debt and 300
 gold marks to recover his land. If so, he lived to a ripe old age if he held land before the Conquest. Other Domesday landowners, however, have claims to such longevity, Forne son of Sigulf, Harding son of Alnoth and Roger of Beaumont among them. The hug
e fine raises the possibility that he may be the one other landowner of this name, at Barlavington in Sussex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 11,23}}}{\insrsid12807907 , the most valuable of the manors held by a Frawin. The tenancies in Cornwall and Wiltshire }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded separately in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (nos. 1676, 1746)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  199, with the comment that they may belong to the same man.
\par }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 FREDEGIS. }{\insrsid12807907 Fredegis is
 a fairly rare name which occurs fourteen times, distributed among four counties and the lands of six tenants-in-chief, with clusters in Northamptonshire and Nottinghamshire. Four manors were held by survivors
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 FREDEGIS [* FATHER OF GODRIC *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Fredegis, whose manor of Costock}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 10,53}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 in Nottinghamshire was acquired by William Peverel, is identified as the father of Godric in a royal grant to the monks of Durham: Bates, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12794653 Regesta}{\insrsid12807907 
, no. 116, p. 409. As his name is rare, he is probably the Fredegis who preceded Peverel at Rempstone and Radcliffe-on-Trent}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 in the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 10,54-55}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and at Empingham in Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 35,9}}}{\insrsid12807907  and was William's tenant at Radcliffe and Tithby}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 10,57}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. The Fredegis at 'Warby', a few miles from Radcliffe, and at Sibthorpe, ten miles to the north, may be the same man for similar reasons}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 2,1. 16,8}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Dr Keats-Rohan suggests he is also the one other survivor of this name in Domesday Book, at 'Houghton'}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 (in Grantham) in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 67,20}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, some twenty miles to the east. He is possibly the same man as Fredegis of Preston though there are no links to confirm this. His tenancies }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}
{\insrsid12807907  (no. 3719)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 199.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par FREDEGIS <OF PRESTON>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12794653 .}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, the Fredegis whose five manors in Northamptonshire were acquired by the Count of Mortain are very probably one man}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NTH }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid986064 18,18;20;26;31;90}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. It is possible that he is the same man as the father of Godric, who held the one other manor in the county and several elsewhere; but as the manors of that Fredegis are without apparent links, some distance t
o the north, and include manors held in both 1066 and 1086, Fredegis of Preston is here treated as another man. He is unlikely to be the one other Fredegis in Domesday, at Scarning in Norfolk, over a hundred miles to the east.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12794653 FREDEGIS [* OF }{\insrsid12807907 SCARNING}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12794653  *].}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 Fredegis, who preceded William of Warenne on a modest manor at Scarning in Norfolk
}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NFK 8,67}}}{\insrsid12807907 , has no links with his namesakes, whose manors lie a hundred miles or more to the west and north-west.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 FRIDEB}{\insrsid12807907 ERT}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Although identified as separa
te names by von Feilitzen, Fridebert and Fridebern appear to be interchangeable in Domesday Book, as with Colbern/Colbert, Ketilbert/Ketilbiorn, Osbern/Osbert, Thorbert/Thorbiorn: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12721020 Pre-Conquest personal names}{
\insrsid12807907 , pp. 253-54. The names occur once in Buckinghams
hire (Fridebert), twice in Cambridgeshire (Fridebert), five times in Essex (both forms) and twice in Suffolk (Fridebern), distributed among the lands of the king and five of his tenants-in-chief. Fride, perhaps one or other of these forms, is the only pos
sible survivor.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 FRIDEB[* ... *] THE PRIEST. }{\insrsid12807907 Fride may be expanded as Fridebert or Fridebern both of which occur se
veral times in the eastern counties, though the priest holding half an acre in alms at Coddenham in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13788766 SUF 74,16}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 is, if a survivor - the text is ambiguous - the only one, unlikely to be the same man as any of the pre-Conquest landowners. The manor is assigned to 'Miscellaneous' in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13788766 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 2094).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 FRIDEB}{\insrsid12807907 ERT <OF OCKENDON>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 All Frideberts and Frideberns in Domesday Book may be one man, a royal thane and a man of Earl Leofwin}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
BUK 4,20}}}{\insrsid12807907 . His substantial manors of }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5258387 Hanechedene}{\insrsid12807907  in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 4,20}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Hanningfield in Essex}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
ESS 18,36}}}{\insrsid12807907  were acquired by Bishop Odo of Bayeux, their status and the tenurial link all but guaranteeing Fridebert's identity
, despite the distance - roughly seventy miles - separating them. Six miles west of Hanningfield, the king retained Fridebert's manor at Margaretting}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 1,22}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, while eight miles in the other direction Geoffrey de Mandeville acquired two substantial manors in Stow Maries from a Frideber}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5258387 n}{\cs23\i\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 30,44;50}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, almost certainly the Fridebert from whom he acquired the most valuable of Fridebert/Fridebern's manors, at Ockendon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 30,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Fridebern is also Geoffrey's predecessor at Stutton in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 32,6}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, where he is described as a royal thane. The one other Fridebern in the county, a predecessor of Richard son of Gilbert, held the most modest of the manors, at Haverhill}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 25,82}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, two-thirds of the distance to Harston in Cambridgeshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 5,24. 32,5}}}{\insrsid12807907 , held by Fridebert. Although these last two manors are considerably more mo
dest than the others and have no tenurial links with them, they are in the same area, lying between those in Buckinghamshire and Essex; Harston is an ecclesiastical holding of the kind often held by magnates both before and after the Conquest. It seems un
necessary to posit another individual or individuals named Fridebert and Fridebern.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907 FRODO. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 The name Frodo occurs only in the three counties of Essex, Norfolk and Suffolk}{
\insrsid12807907  where all the landowners of 1086 can be identified as one man, the single pre-Conquest lord probably being another.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 FRODO [* BROTHER OF ABBOT BALDWIN *]. }{\insrsid12807907 
All but one of the Frodos in Domesday Book are probably the same man, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 named as the brother of }{\insrsid12807907 Abbot}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Baldwin of Bury St Edmunds in the Feudal Book of Abbot Baldwin: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Feudal documents}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 4, 108. Frodo, the abbot's brother, held fiefs in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 56,1. 90,85}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 and Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 12,1-7}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ; and Frodo was a tenant of the abbey on five manors in Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 14,19;22;35;42-43}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 and nine in Suffolk, on several of which he is named as the abbot's brother in the Feudal Book}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 SUF 1}{\insrsid12807907 4,21;28;33;65;68;86;106;137;139}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 : }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Feudal documents}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 4-6, 10, 22-23, 33, 36-37. Of the three other tenants, that of Richard son of Count Gilbert at Depden}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 25,79}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 is identified as the abbot's brother in the text, and that of the abbey of Ely at Chedburgh}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 21,40}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  in the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Inquisitio Eliensis}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (ed. Hamilton, p. 181). The Frodo holding two Freemen in the royal manor of Thorney}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 1,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , and claiming another at Onehouse}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 2,7}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, may be him, too, as the only Frodo who was a lord of men. The one other Frodo in Domesday Book, a free man who shared a ploughteam with others at Ringshall }{\insrsid12807907 in 1066}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 7,56}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, may be another man. Frodo's manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 467) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 200.

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907 
FRODO <OF RINGSHALL>. The free man who shared fifty acres and a ploughteam with three other free men at Ringshall in Suffolk in 1066}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 7,56}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 is unlikely to be the one other Frodo in Domesday Book, the magnate and brother of Abbot Baldwin of Bury St Edmunds, none of whose manors suggest he held land before the Conquest.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 FROGER [* THE SHERIFF *]. Froger, who 'put it}{\insrsid12807907 '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 - - Pangbourne in Berkshire - 'in the King's revenue without plea and law' }{\insrsid12807907 after the Conquest}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
BRK 1,43}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , is evidently Froger the sheriff, named on the royal manor of Sparsholt}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 1,10}}}{\insrsid12807907  as}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  behaving there in a similarly high-handed manner}{\insrsid12807907 
 after 1066}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . There are no other Frogers in Domesday Book; but he is named in the Abi}{\insrsid12807907 ngdon chronicle as the leading}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 participant in the devastation of villages in Berkshire until 'royal justice took away from him the tyrannical right by which he was raised up', condemning him to 'universal contempt by his neediness and stupidity' for the remainder of his life: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Historia Ecclesie Abbendonensis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , i. 226-29; ii. 171-73.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \cbpat8 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 FULCARD. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8746785 Fulcard }{\insrsid12807907 is a rare name which may occur}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid8746785  }{\insrsid12807907 five}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8746785  times }{\insrsid12807907 - three are doubtful - distributed among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 three}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8746785 
 widely separated counties}{\insrsid12807907  and the lands of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8746785 five tenants-in-chief}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 FULCARD <OF LANHERNE>. }{\insrsid12807907 Fulcard, who held Lanherne in Cornwall from the bishop of Exeter}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 2,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has no links with his namesakes in Berkshire and Suffolk, the nearest of whom is almost two hundred miles away. He is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1727758 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 2115).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 FULCARD <OF MELLIS>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, the Ful
cards who held a few acres on two adjacent manors at Mellis and Thrandeston in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 6,195. 35,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are probably the same man, though his land was acquired by two tenants-in-chief. He is very unlikely to be related to his distant namesakes in Cornwall and Berkshire.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 FULCARD <OF SPARSHOLT>. }{\insrsid12807907 As his name is rare, the Fulcard (}{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 Polcehard}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 ) who held the respectable manor of Sparsholt i
n Berkshire from Henry of Ferrers}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 BRK 21,12}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  may be the }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 Polcehard}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
 who held Inglewood in the same county from William son of Ansculf}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 BRK 65,18}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 . The name-form }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 Polcehard}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907  is unique in Domesday Book. It may be a scribal error for Fulcard, misreading an initial F as \'de, though neither }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 Forssner, }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 Continental-Germanic}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907 personal n}{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 ames}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 , p. 98}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 , or}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  }{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid15150746 von Feilitzen, }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907 Pre-Conquest personal names}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 , p. 256}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
, list this form. But it is curious in that case that the same error is committed twice, in different parts of the manuscript which would not hav
e been close to each other in sources organised either geographically or tenurially. As it can be found in early twelfth century sources, it is more likely to be a name of unidentified origin: Green, }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid4749553 
Government of England}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 , p. 266. Either way, the name-form strengthens the probability that both refer to the same individual. The descent of the manors casts no light on the identity of the Domesday tenants: }{
\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid4749553 VCH Berkshire}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 , iv. 211-12, 315. Fulcard's}{\insrsid12807907  manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 986)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  326, under Polcehard.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 FULCHER. }{\insrsid12807907 Fulcher is a fairly common name which occurs on one fief and twenty-s
ix other manors, distributed among eight counties and the lands of the king and a dozen of his tenants-in-chief, with clusters in East Anglia and Bedfordshire/Northamptonshire; all Fulchers are post-Conquest landowners.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 FULCHER [* }{\insrsid12807907 "DE MAYNERIS" *]. All but one of the Fulchers recorded in East Anglia are tenants of the abbey of Bury St Edmunds which suggests they are 
all one man; but the Feudal Book of Abbot Baldwin, which is organised by tenants, lists the manors in two groups, the second and larger group assigned to a Fulcher who has no byname. His manors lie to the east of those of the Fulcher the Breton, though no
 great distance away. He had three manor in Norfolk clustered around Diss}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 14,23;26;30}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and half-a-dozen in Suffolk which lie to the west of Diss}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 14,11;78;80;89-90;99}}}{
\insrsid12807907 ; to these the Feudal Book adds Bardwell}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 14,82}}}{\insrsid12807907 , held in demesne according to Domesday Book: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11554438 Feudal documents}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 17-18. Of the 
two, he seems more likely to be the abbot's man in Norwich}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 1,66}}}{\insrsid12807907  Dr Keats-Rohan suggests that this Fulcher may be Fulcher }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11554438 de Mayneris}{\insrsid12807907 
, who witnessed a grant to the abbey in the 1090s: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11554438 Feudal documents}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 153. Mayneris is 'perhaps' }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11554438 Mesni\'e8res}{\insrsid12807907 -en-Bray in Upper No
rmandy (Seine-Maritime: arrondissement Dieppe), in which case Fulcher is not the same man as the Breton: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 200. He is, however, possibly the one other East Anglian Fulcher, a tenant of William of Warenne at Blo Norton in Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 8,59}}}{\insrsid12807907 , a vill 
surrounded by several of the manors of the abbey's tenant: Thelnetham is a mile away, Hopton two, Knettishall three, and Hepworth five. William of Warenne had no other Fulchers on his Honour and the abbey did have an interest in the vill of Blo Norton}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NFK 14,8}}}{\insrsid12807907 , so
 the identification of Warenne's tenant as the same man as the abbey's is not implausible. It does, however, make it even more statistically freakish that that abbey had two tenants of this name; a scribal blunder seems possible. The manors of Fulcher }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11554438 de Mayneris}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 1003)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 200; the Warenne tenant is unidentified (no. 9165).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 FULCHER [* OF PARIS *]. }{\insrsid12807907 
The Fulchers who held two manors in Holme in Bedfordshire from Nigel of Aubigny and Countess Judith are probably Fulcher of Paris, who had manors from the same tenants-in-chief and from Walter Giffard in the adjacent vill of Stratton}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
BDF 16,7. 24,25-26. 53,17-18}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Countess Judith also had a tenant named Fulcher at Walgrave in the neighbouring county of Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 56,40}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. He can be identified with some confidence as the same man as the six other Fulchers in the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 18,76-78. 39,4-6}}}{\insrsid12807907  by the descent of their manors to the Malsour (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1643348 Malesoures}{
\insrsid12807907 ) family, most recorded in the Northamptonshire Survey, where Fulcher Malsour is named as the tenant on one of them, Thorpe Malsor: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1643348 VCH Northamptonshire}{\insrsid12807907 , i. 380-82, 385; Farrer, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1643348 Honors}{\insrsid12807907 , i. 78-80, 119; ii. 341, 383. In Domesday, Fulcher Malsor also held part of the manor of Oakham in Rutland from the king}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab RUT 1,18}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. As these are all the recorded Fulchers in the Midlands and Fulcher of Paris and Fulcher Malsor held manors in both counties from Countess Judith, it is likely they are the same man, though the Bedfordshire manors did not descend to the Malsour family: }
{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Farrer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Honors}{\insrsid12807907 , ii. 383. But neither, apparently, did Oakham, and Fulcher's Northamptonshire estate }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14906956 
fragmented during his lifetime: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14906956 VCH Rutland}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14906956 , ii. 17. Fulcher's manors are attributed to two}{\insrsid12807907  men - Fulcher of Paris and Fulcher Malsor - in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (nos. 1002, 1005),}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  201.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid882155 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 FULCHER [* }{\insrsid12807907 THE BOWMAN }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 *]. }{\insrsid12807907 
Fulcher, who held a small fief in Devon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 49,1-7}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is evidently Fulcher the bowman, so named in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7164433 Exon}{\insrsid12807907 
. on the last manor on his fief. He is the only tenant-in-chief of this name and the only Fulcher south of the Thames. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 802)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  200.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 FULCHER [* }{\insrsid12807907 THE BRETON }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 *]. }{\insrsid12807907 All but one
 of the Fulchers recorded in East Anglia are tenants of the abbey of Bury St Edmunds which suggests they are all one man. According to the Feudal Book of Abbot Baldwin, however, the tenants at Great Snarehill in Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 14,10}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and Great Livermere in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 14,22}}}{\insrsid12807907  are Fulcher the Breton, the remaining manors in the two counties being held by another Fulcher: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11554438 Feudal documents}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 17-18, 21. As the Feudal Book is organised by tenants, this would seem to be conclusive, and there is some slight evidence that the abbey had
 a Fulcher who was not a Breton among its men. It is nevertheless extremely odd that the abbey had two tenants of this name when the remaining tenants-in-chief in East Anglia could - at best - muster only one other Fulcher between them; a scribal blunder 
of some kind seems possible. Fulcher's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 1004)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  200.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13240320 FULCO}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907  If Fulco of Lisors is discounted, Fulco is not a particularly common name, occurring in a dozen counties as tenants of fifteen tenants-in-chief. Folki (}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8939520 Fulchi}{\insrsid12807907 ) and Fulcwy (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8939520 Fulcoius}{\insrsid12807907 ) may be variants of this name, in which case the distribution
 would include three more counties and tenants-in-chief.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13240320 FULCO [* OF BAINVILLE *].}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 Fulco, who held Bickley in Cheshire from Robert son of Hugh}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 2,19}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is almost certainly Fulco of Bainville, who witnessed Robert 's gifts to St Werburgh's of Chester: }{\i\insrsid12807907 Charters of the Anglo-Norman earls of Chester}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 41. He is probably also the Fulcwy (}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Fulcui}{\insrsid12807907 ) who held Upton in Huntingdonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HUN 11,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  from Earl Hugh of Chester since a Richard }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14296418 de Benevill}{
\insrsid12807907  held a fee there of the Honour of Chester in the thirteenth century: }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 Farrer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 Honors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , i}{\insrsid12807907 i.}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  26-27}{\insrsid12807907 . Dr }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11352544 Keats-Rohan}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  suggests he may be named from Banville in }{\insrsid12807907 Lower }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
Normandy (Calvados: arrondissement Bayeux)}{\insrsid12807907 . His manor of Bickley is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 3833)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  201; the tenant at Upton is}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 unidentified (no. 32637).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 FULCO <OF CLAYBROOKE>. }{\insrsid12807907 The Fulcos who held Weston-in-Arden, Wibtoft with Willey, and Oversley in Warwickshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 16,38-39;63}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, and Claybrooke in Leicestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 44,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 , from the Count of Meulan, may be one man. Wibtoft is two miles from Wille
y, one from Claybrooke, just across the county boundary; Wibtoft was later held together with Weston-in-Arden, by an Arnold du Bois: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10387250 VCH Warwickshire}{\insrsid12807907 
, vi. 258. Fulco's Warwickshire manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 4753)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  202; the tenant at Claybrooke is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 unidentified (no. 26701).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 FULCO [* OF LE PIN *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Fulcos who held manors in Leintwardine, Clungunford, Bedstone and Selley in Shropshire from Picot of Sai}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12983271 4,20,20;24-25;27}}}{
\insrsid12807907  are probably one man, who may also be the Fulco who held another manor in Clungunford from Reginald the sheriff}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12983271 4,3,46}}}{
\insrsid12807907 ; these are the only Fulcos in the county, the manors forming a close group in Leintwardine Hundred, two of the three being about three miles from Clungunford. Fulco may be the Fulco }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12983271 de Pino}{
\insrsid12807907  (Le Pin) who, according to Orderic Vitalis (iii. 138-43), was one of the men of Earl Roger of Shrewsbury who witnessed a charter
 for the abbey of St Evroul, where Orderic was a monk. It is possible that Fulco is the same man as Fulcwy of Withington (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2176339 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
), though his manors form a separate group at the other end of the county. Fulco's manors are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 9111)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  202, apart from Leintwardine, }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12129971 whose tenant}{\insrsid12807907  is unidentified (no. 31011); the commentary on the name-forms Fulco and Fulcwy does not match the identifications in the database.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 FULCO [* OF LISORS *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Fulcos who held two manors in Derbyshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 16,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and a dozen are Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 9,18;20-21;25}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12983271 ;41}{\insrsid12807907 -42}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12983271 ;55}{\insrsid12807907 -56;64;70-71}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12983271 ;126-127}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 from Roger of Bully are almost certainly Fulco of Lisors, named on the first of the two Derbyshire manors. He witnessed Roger's foundation charter for Blyth priory, his lands descending to the constables of Chester: }{\i\insrsid12807907 
Cartulary of Tutbury priory}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 207-209; Stenton, 'Domesday survey of Nottinghamshire', p. 225. There are no other Fulcos in Derbyshire or Nottinghamshire. In Yorkshire, too, he is probably the Fulco who held four manors from Roger}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
YKS 10W27;33;39-40}}}{\insrsid12807907 , on the first of which he held land in the jurisdiction of Hexthorpe, where Fulco of Lisores}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is named in the Claims}{\insrsid12807907  as having land in the same jurisdiction}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
YKS CW14}}}{\insrsid12807907 . The same claim records land he held in Loversall and Edenthorpe, though he is not named in the entries concerned}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 5W8. 12W1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Roger had no other tenants on his Yorkshire fief, and no other Fulcos on his Honour. Fulco's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 2990)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  201.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 FULCO }{\insrsid12807907 <}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OF }{\insrsid12807907 PORTLEMOUTH>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 The Fulcos who precede
d Iudhael of Totnes at Portlemouth, Ilton, Alston and Sorley in south Devon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 17,38-40;42}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are very probably one man. The manors cluster in the southern half of Diptford Hundred, the first three in adjacent vills, Sorley lying a few miles to the north. The predecessor of Alfred the Breton in the lost vill of }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13963080 Ferding}{\cs23\i\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 39,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 is likely to be the same man. His manor is in the same general area of south-west Devon and of similar status to the other four, and there are no other Fulcos in Devon or, indeed, in the ten counties of circ
uits one and two, nor any Fulcwys in south-western counties.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par FULCO }{\insrsid12807907 [* SON OF RAINFRID *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Fulco, tenant of William of Percy at Little Grimsby, Elkington and Fotherby in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4225976 22,25;28;33}}}{
\insrsid12807907  and Pallathorpe and Snainton in Yorkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 13W13-14}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4225976 . 13N14}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is identified as Fulco son of Rainfrid by the descent of his manors, which also included Catterton, Toulston and Newton Kyme in Yorkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15213939 25W6;29-30}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , held from Osbern of Arques: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4225976 Early Yorkshire charters}{\insrsid12807907 
, xi. 89-104. He was certainly steward of the Percy Honour under William's son, and probably also under William himself. His father, a knight of the Conqueror, was an important figure in the monastic revival in the north of England: Knowles, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15213939 Monastic order}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 166-68. It seems unlikely he is either of the two Rainfrids recorded in Domesday Book}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6493000 SHR 4,4,20}{
\insrsid12807907 . }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6493000 LIN 14,17}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Fulco's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{
\insrsid12807907 (no. 3351)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  201.}
{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4225976 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par FULC}{\insrsid12807907 RAN <OF BUTCOMBE>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 The Fulcrans who held six manors in Somerset from the bishop of Coutances}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 5,17;19;30-31;41;63}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are almost certainly one man, the name occurring nowhere else in Domesday Book. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 1684)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  202.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par FULCWY}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Fulcwy (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8939520 Fulcoius}{\insrsid12807907 ) is a rare name which occurs a dozen times in Domesday or }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4205942 Exon}{\insrsid12807907 
., distributed among six counties, the lands of as many tenants-in-chief, and both dates. It is probably a variant form of Fulco (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7699056 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ) and Folki (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8939520 Fulchi}{
\insrsid12807907 ): Lewis, 'French in England', p. 131.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \cbpat8 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 FULCWY <OF WITHINGTON>. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Fulcwy, who held Withington and 'also' Wytheford i
n Shropshire from Earl Roger of Shrewsbury}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,27-2-3}}}{\insrsid12807907 , may be Fulcwy (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14688101 Fulcoius}{\insrsid12807907 ) the sheriff, who witnessed a }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14688101 
confirmation of }{\insrsid12807907 the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14688101  foundation }{\insrsid12807907 charter of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14688101  Shrewsbury }{\insrsid12807907 abbey}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14688101  in 1121}{\insrsid12807907 : }{
\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid14688101 Cartulary of Shrewsbury }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907 abbey}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid14688101 , }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 i}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid14688101 . 36}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 ; Mason, }{
\expnd0\expndtw3\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid15686078 'Officers and }{\expnd0\expndtw3\cf1\insrsid12807907 c}{\expnd0\expndtw3\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid15686078 lerks', p. 247}{\expnd0\expndtw3\cf1\insrsid12807907 ; Green, }{
\i\expnd0\expndtw3\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid4205942 English sheriffs}{\expnd0\expndtw3\cf1\insrsid12807907 
, p. 72. If they are in fact different names, Fulcwy and Fulco are sometimes confused by the scribe; but this Fulcwy does not appear to be the same man as Fulco of Le Pin, who held several manors as a subtenant of the earl in the south of the cou
nty. The scribe is consistent in using Fulco for the one and Fulcwy for the other, and the manors form distinct groups, some thirty miles apart. Fulcwy's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 3015)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  203, partially conflated with those assigned here to Fulco of Le Pin.}{\expnd0\expndtw3\cf1\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 FULCWY <OF }{\insrsid12807907 WOOLBEDING}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >.}{\insrsid12807907  It is likely that all Fulcwys and Folkis sou
th of the Thames are one man, though the names are believed to be of different origin and are }{\expnd0\expndtw2\cf1\insrsid12807907 distributed }{\insrsid12807907 among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\expnd0\expndtw2\cf1\insrsid12807907 
three counties, four tenants-in-chief, and pre- and post-Conquest manors. Earl Roger of Shrewsbury acquired the substantial manor of Racton from a Fulcwy, who held subtenancies in Selham and Marden from his tenant, Robert son of Theobald}{
\cs23\expnd0\expndtw2\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\expnd0\expndtw2\cf1\insrsid12807907 SUS 11,14;31-32}}}{\expnd0\expndtw2\cf1\insrsid12807907 . Selham is less than five miles from the substantial manor of Woolbeding, acquired from Fulcwy by Odo of Winchester}{
\cs23\expnd0\expndtw2\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\expnd0\expndtw2\cf1\insrsid12807907 SUS 14,1}}}{\expnd0\expndtw2\cf1\insrsid12807907 , who succeeded a }{\i\expnd0\expndtw2\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid12346175 Fulchi}{\expnd0\expndtw2\cf1\insrsid12807907  on the valuable mano
r of Norton in Hampshire}{\cs23\expnd0\expndtw2\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\expnd0\expndtw2\cf1\insrsid12807907 HAM 69,2}}}{\expnd0\expndtw2\cf1\insrsid12807907 . Fulcwy's pre-Conquest manor of Clandon in Surrey}{\cs23\expnd0\expndtw2\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\expnd0\expndtw2\cf1\insrsid12807907 SUR 27,3}}}{\expnd0\expndtw2\cf1\insrsid12807907  is also a respectable property. Whalesbeech in Sussex}{\cs23\expnd0\expndtw2\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\expnd0\expndtw2\cf1\insrsid12807907 SUS 10,106}}}{
\expnd0\expndtw2\cf1\insrsid12807907 , held by the one other }{\i\expnd0\expndtw2\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid12346175 Fulchi}{\expnd0\expndtw2\cf1\insrsid12807907 
, though some distance from Fulcwy's manors in Chichester Rape, lay in Lavant, five miles from 
Racton, separated from Earl Roger's manors by the division of Sussex into Rapes. In view of an otherwise blank map of Fulcwys and Folkis south of the Thames, these links, though slight in some cases, suggest that the two names are interchangeable is these
 case, and the pre- and post-Conquest landowners the same man. If these identifications are valid, Fulcwy of Woolbeding survived in relatively comfortable circumstances compared to most of his peers. T}{\insrsid12807907 
he tenant at Selham is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 16167), and the subtenant at Marden is not included there.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7818135 
\par }{\expnd0\expndtw2\cf1\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 FULCWY }{\insrsid12807907 [* WARUHEL *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 
The Fulcwys who held manors in Whitwell and the adjacent vills of Croydon and Arrington in Cambridgeshire from Count Alan of Brittany}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 14,25;43;45}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are probably Fulco Waruhel, the juror of 'Wetherley' Hundred, where Whitwell and Arrington lay: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14106742 Inquisitio }{\i\insrsid12807907 Comitatus Cantabrigiensis}{\insrsid12807907  (ed. Hamilton, }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . 68}{\insrsid12807907 , 83). Here as elsewhere, Fulcwy and Fulco appear to be interchangeable, as is clearly the case at Arrington itself, where the scribe of the }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14952757 Inquisitio}{\insrsid12807907  writes }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 Fulco, the Domesday scribe Fulcwy. There are no other Fulcos or Fulcwys in the county}{\insrsid12807907 . The descent of Fulcwy's manors is unenlightening: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8798228 VCH }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11353291 Cambridgeshire,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11353291  v. 142, 268; viii. 32. }{\insrsid12807907 They}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11353291  are recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11353291 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11353291  (no. 2076) and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  203, without reference to the juror.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4416114 GAMAL. Gamal is a common name}{\insrsid12807907 , but only}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4416114  in the north of England. In occurs in eight counties}{\insrsid12807907 
 between Leicestershire and Yorkshire, all north of the Wash apart from one name in Leic
estershire, with a particularly heavy concentration in Yorkshire, a significant one in Lincolnshire, and lesser groupings in Cheshire and Derbyshire. The king and more than two dozen of his tenants-in-chief had Gamals among their predecessors, five as ten
ants, Gamals also surviving among the king's thanes in Staffordshire and Yorkshire.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GAMAL <OF SHOTTLE>. }{\insrsid12807907 All Gamals in Derbyshire and Leicestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 14,33}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are probably one man, all being predecessors of Henry of Ferrers. The eight Derbyshire vills are connected in various ways. Most are close to one or more of the others: Bearwardcote is two miles from Etwall, as is Mercast
on from Mugginton; Swarkestone is three miles from Twyford, and Shottle six from Mugginton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 6,12;83;91;94-96;98}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Only Tissington is somewhat detached, fifteen miles from Shottle}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
DBY 6,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 . But Tissington is linked in another way. Two of the pre-Conquest lords who shared the manor ther
e also shared those at Swarkestone and Etwall with Gamal. Bearwardcote is linked in a similar manner. Henry had no other predecessors or tenants of this name on his Honour.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9792738 GAMAL [* SON OF BARTH *]. Three of the very numerous Yorkshire Gamals survived for two}{\insrsid12807907  decades on the same manor, tenants of Ilbert of Lacy at Smeaton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 9W48}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and of Erneis of Buron at Arkendale}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 24W11}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and a king's thane on four manors in the East Riding}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 29E2;19-20;24}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Erneis had no other tenants (or predecessors) of this name, all other surviving Gamals in Yorkshire being tenants of Ilbert}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 9W26;65-66;76-77;93;103;116}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 or king's thanes}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 29E13. 29N11}}}{\insrsid12807907 . It seems likely that all are these Gamals are one man, Ilbert's
 acquisitions being explained by the location of the manors within his Honour of Pontefract. His tenant can be identified from later records as Gamal son of Barth, Barth (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9792738 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
) being another of Ilbert's tenants and predecessors: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11275323 Early Yorkshire charters}{\insrsid12807907 , i
ii. 284-87. As Gamal retained land in Smeaton for two decades, it is not unlikely that he is also - like his father - Ilbert's predecessor elsewhere; at Thornhill}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 9W115}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, where he was succeeded by an Arnbiorn who preceded him elsewhere, this is probably the case; but since Ilbert retained most of the other manors in demesne, there are no other such clues}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 9W24;47;56;78;100;112;129-30;138;142-143}}}{
\insrsid12807907 . Gamal's tenancies from Ilbert and at Walkington}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 29E24}}}{\insrsid12807907  are assigned to one man in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{
\insrsid12807907 (no. 8418), the remainder to a }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4816460 Game}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 8724),}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 both}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  203. }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4664370 Game}{\insrsid12807907 
 is regarded as an alternative form of Gamal: von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12721020 Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 257-58
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14952757 GAMAL [* SON OF GRUFFYDD *]. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Gamal}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  who held Balterley}{\insrsid12807907  and 'also'}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 Audley and Talke among the king's thanes in Staffordshire in 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4160406 STS 17,12}{\insrsid12807907 -14}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  may be the }{
\insrsid12807907 king's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  thane who held Cheadle and }{\insrsid12807907 'also' }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Mottram in Cheshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 26,9-10}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ; }{
\insrsid12807907 he}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  may also be the one other such tenant i
n the two counties, who held land in Salford from Roger of Poitou, probably the thane who 'had his own exempt customary dues' in Salford Hundred before the Conquest}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS R5,3;6}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{
\insrsid12807907 If so, he is possibly the pre-Conquest landowner at Saredon, among the king's thanes of Staffordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 17,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and at Poulton in Cheshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
CHS 24,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 , the two remaining Gamals in those counties, though both are distant from the tenancies of 1086}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14952757 .}{\insrsid12807907  He may be the Gamal son of Gruffydd whose man is }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14952757 named in the Pipe Roll }{\insrsid12807907 of 1130:}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14952757  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14952757 Quidam homo Gamel}{\i\insrsid12807907 li filii}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14952757  Griffini}{
\insrsid12807907 , perhaps the Gamal of a previous entry, slain by }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11303107 Liulfus }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14952757 de Aldredesleg}{\i\insrsid12807907 a}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907 Staffordshire Pipe Rolls}{
\insrsid12807907 , p. 3}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14952757 . The }{\insrsid12807907 identity of the Cheshire and Staffordshire Gamals, and their identification as the son of Gruffydd, were both}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14952757  rejected by J.H. Round}{
\insrsid12807907 , on the grounds that the Cheshire and Staffordshire manors descended separately, and the association of the Gamal of the Pipe Roll with the Gamal who held Audley (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14952757 Aldidelege}{\insrsid12807907 
) was insecure:}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14952757  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14952757 Peerage and Pedigree}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14952757 , pp. 25-26}{\insrsid12807907 . }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5244527 But }{\insrsid12807907 
the Staffordshire manors were subject to confiscation and re-grant since they were held by Liulf's descendants, not Gamal's: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5244527 Complete peerage}{\insrsid12807907 
, i. 336-37. Later scholars have tended to accept the identification}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14952757 : }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid488012 Sawyer and }{\insrsid12807907 Thacker,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid488012  '}{\insrsid12807907 
Domesday survey of Cheshire'}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid488012 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9259863 pp. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14952757 315, 322; }{\insrsid12807907 Slade, 'Domesday survey of Staffordshire', pp.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14952757 
 25, 36}{\insrsid12807907 . Gamal's Staffordshire manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 8417)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{
\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  203; the Cheshire tenants are unidentified (nos. 28983, 29188).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13319503 GAMAL [* SON OF KARLI *]. The Gamals whose }{\insrsid12807907 many}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13319503  manors in Yorkshire were acquired by Berengar of Tosny}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 8N2-7;11-22. 8W2. 8E2;4-5}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid13319503  are }{\insrsid12807907 very }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13319503 probably one of the sons of K}{\insrsid12807907 arli}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13319503  whose feud with the earls o
f Northumbria disturbed the northern counties for several generations. Berengar's entire fief in Yorkshire was acquired from Gamal }{\insrsid12807907 and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13319503 Thorbrand}{\insrsid12807907  (}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14507434 q.v}{\insrsid12807907 .); }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13319503 Thorbrand}{\insrsid12807907  can be confidently identified as one of the unnamed sons; Gamal was presumably another}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13319503 
. Four of Gamal's manors were held from Berengar by the Canons of York in 1086, so the Gamal who gave four carucates in East Newton to the Canons before the Conquest may be Karli's son}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 2N5}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13319503 
. He is probably also the Gamal whose waste manors at Broughton, Swinton and Holme House were without tenants in 1086, in the hands of the king}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 1N67-68;72}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13319503 
, since his other manors in two of those vills were acquired by Berengar. He may also be the Gamal on waste manors in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13319503 Dic}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13319503 , }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13319503 Maneshou}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid13319503  and 'Bulford' wapentakes in the North Riding}{\insrsid12807907  and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13319503  }{\insrsid12807907 Craven}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13319503  held by the king in 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid13319503 YKS 1N57-58;74;}{\insrsid12807907 82-83;86;88. 1W59-60}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13319503 , }{\insrsid12807907 all}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13319503 
 other Gamals in those wapentakes being predecessors of Berengar or otherwise identified as}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13319503 Karli's son}{\insrsid12807907 
s and all other landowners there bearing the names of his brothers being also identifiable as sons of Karli}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13319503 . He is }{\insrsid12807907 almost }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13319503 certainly the Gamal at Barnoldswick}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
YKS 30W3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13319503 , whose twelve carucates became part of the castlery of Roger of Poitou but was previously held by Berengar}{\insrsid12807907 , so}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13319503 
 he may be the Gamal whose three other manors in Craven were acquired by Roger}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 30W13-14;36}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13319503 . It is also likely he is the Gamal at Thorpe Bassett}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 1E45}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid13319503 , which was sha}{\insrsid12807907 red with Cnut (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid157624 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ) -}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13319503  p}{\insrsid12807907 robably his brother -}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid13319503  }{\insrsid12807907 and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13319503 later granted to the abbey of St Albans by Berengar: Farrer, 'Domesda}{\insrsid12807907 y survey of Yorkshire', p. 160.
\par \tab It is likely, too, that he is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13319503  the Gamal who preceded William of Percy at Askwith (where }{\insrsid12807907 Gamal}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13319503  preceded Berengar}{\insrsid12807907  on another manor}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid13319503 ),}{\insrsid12807907  Glusburn with}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13319503  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13319503 Cheldis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13319503 
 and 'Inglethwaite' (13W25;45. 13N15). William had claims on part of the estate of Karli's sons, since he acquired Seamer and East Ayton from them, and later held their man
or of Weston and land in Craven which Berengar held in 1086. Farrer suggested that this Gamal is Gamal son of Osmund, Percy's predecessor at Hazelwood Castle; but the links }{\insrsid12807907 with Berengar and members of Karli's family, as well as}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid13319503  the location of the manors}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13319503  point }{\insrsid12807907 to Karli's }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13319503 son}{\insrsid12807907  rather than Osmund's}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid13319503 : 'Domesday survey of Yorkshire', pp. 160-61. }{\insrsid12807907 Another link points to the same conclusion. The second manor (if not a duplicate) in Glusburn with}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13319503  }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13319503 Cheldis}{\insrsid12807907  was also held by a Gamal, this one from Gilbert Tison}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 21W16}}}{\insrsid12807907  who acquired three manors from a Cnut (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13719642 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
) who is very likely another of Gamal's brothers. The predecessor of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid157624 Drogo of la Beuvri\'e8re}{\insrsid12807907  at }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid157624 Chenecol}{\insrsid12807907  and Preston in Holderness}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
YKS 14E35;48}}}{\insrsid12807907  is probably also Karli's son. Drogo acquired Rise - the family's ancestral home - and Catfoss in Holderness from a Cnut who is almost certainly Gamal's brother, and also }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid157624 Redmere}{
\insrsid12807907  in Holderness from a Karli (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13719642 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ), who may be another.
\par \tab The king and three of his tenants-in-chief who acquired manors from the Yorkshire Cnuts, Karlis or Thorbrands a
lso acquired several manors from a Gamal which are located in the same wapentakes. The king retained the waste manor of Reighton in Hunthow wapentake}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 1E16}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, where both Cnut and Karli held a number of manors, and where the Count of Mortain}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13719642 5N63;73. }{\insrsid12807907 5E4;21;29;31-32;42;44;61}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13719642 ;67}}}{
\insrsid12807907  and Count Alan of Brittany}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 6N26-27}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13719642 ;30;56;71;90;103;105;107;132}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 acquired more than a score of manors from a Gamal between them. Count Robert also obtained manors from Cnut and Karli and manors from Gamal in vills - Bainton and Hutton Cranswick - where other tenants-in-chief did so as well. Count Alan was also pr
eceded by Cnut on several manors and by a Karli in Lincolnshire who is possibly Gamal's brother. Hugh son of Baldric is a more difficult case. It is very likely that Gamal was Hugh's predecessor on many of his manors since Hugh acquired a large number of 
manors from Gamal in areas dominated by his family, four of them - Bainton, Fraisthorpe, Hutton and Buckton Holms - in vills where Gamal himself or one of his brothers had another manor}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 23E8-9;13;16}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and another four}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
YKS 23N10-12;15-16}}}{\insrsid12807907  subinfeudated to Gerard, who was also endowed by Hugh with manors of Thorbrand and (probably) Sumarlithi (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4664370 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
), another of Karli's sons. But Hugh had another Gamal among his predecessors, Gamal son of Osbert (or Osbern), a man important enough to be addressed by a royal writ so presumably a significant la
ndowner. He is known to have held the large manor of Cottingham acquired by Hugh and may well have held others of his. On the whole, the manors more likely to have held by Karli's son are well to the north of Cottingham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 23E}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid13719642 6;10;}{\insrsid12807907 15;1}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13719642 7}}}{\insrsid12807907 , with Etton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 23E6}}}{\insrsid12807907  perhaps the most doubt
ful and Kelfield somewhat less so}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 23E10}}}{\insrsid12807907 . }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13319503 The name }{\insrsid12807907 Gamal }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13319503 is so common in Yorkshire that other Gamals }{
\insrsid12807907 may be}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13319503  Karli's son; }{\insrsid12807907 t}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13319503 he only Gamals }{\insrsid12807907 apart from Osbert's son }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13319503 who }{\insrsid12807907 can be}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid13319503  excluded }{\insrsid12807907 with some confidence }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13319503 are those surviving on }{\insrsid12807907 sixteen}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13319503  manors in the county, }{\insrsid12807907 since a
ll the sons and grandsons of Karli apart from Cnut and Sumarlithi}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13319503  }{\insrsid12807907 are said to have}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13319503 
 been slaughtered at Settrington in 1073 on the orders of Earl Waltheof: Fletcher, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13319503 Bloodfeud}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 187-89.
\par \tab As the family is prominent in the history of the north in the eleve
nth-century and took a leading role in the revolt against Norman rule, its members were presumably major landowners, so the scale of landholding suggested by these identifications is not implausible. If the bulk of them are correct, then the manorial inco
me of Gamal and his family was in excess of \'a3100 in 1066, though in Yorkshire the assessment of their lands - more than 600 hides - is probably a better guide to their status. If included in Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13251585 English nobilit
}{\insrsid12807907 y, their manorial income would rank them among the three dozen wealthiest untitled laymen; in assessed land, they were exceeded among laymen only by the royal family and some earls.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13319503 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid526290 GAMAL [* SON OF OSBERT *]. Gamal, who held the large manor of Cottingham in Yorkshire acquired by Hugh son of Baldric}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 23E2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid526290 
 is identified elsewhere in the text as Gamal son of Osbert, who had 'full jurisdiction, market rights and all customary dues' in that vill}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS C36}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, of which he was sole lord. He is very probably the Gamal son of Osbern addressed alongside Earl Morcar by a royal writ concerning the lands of St John's of Beverley: Bates, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid526290 Regesta}{\insrsid12807907 
, no. 32, p. 193. As he was evidently a major 
landowner, he may be the Gamal who preceded Hugh elsewhere, though since Hugh had another Gamal among his predecessors, the manors of the sons of Osbert and Karli cannot be identified with certainty. It seems likely, though, that he preceded Hugh on two o
f the three manors on his fief which follow Cottingham and lie in the same neighbourhood: Little Weighton with North Cave, Hunsley and perhaps Skipwith}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 23E3-5}}}{\insrsid12807907 
; and he possibly also held the very large manor of South Cave, acquired by Robert Malet}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 11E1}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Robert also ac
quired two modest manors in the North and West Ridings from a Gamal though there are no other indications that Osbert's son held land this far afield.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid526290 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid134899 GAMAL [* SON OF OSMUND *]. Gamal, whose manor in the lost vill of }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid134899 Saxhalla}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid134899  was acquired}{\insrsid12807907  by William of Percy}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
YKS 13W4}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is very probably Gamal son of Osmund, who held the preceding manor of Hazelwood Castle. The two are linked in the Yorkshire Claims}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16672132 YKS CW2}{
\insrsid12807907 -3}}}{\insrsid12807907 , where Osmund's son is named as the pre-Conquest lord of Hazelwood, though }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16672132 Saxhalla}{\insrsid12807907 
 is there assigned to a Ketil. Both manors lie in Barkston wapentake and both were subinfeudated to the same tenant. Less certainly, the same Gamal may be Percy's predecessor at }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16672132 Ilkley}{\insrsid12807907 
, which immediately follows }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16672132 Saxhalla}{\insrsid12807907  in the text and lies in the adjacent wapentake of 'Skyrack'}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 13W5}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Percy, however, had a second Gamal among his predecessors who held land in '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16672132 Yarlestre'}{\insrsid12807907  and '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16672132 Burghshire'}{\insrsid12807907  wapentakes, both b
ordering on 'Skyrack'; and as he held only the single manor of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16672132 Ilkley}{\insrsid12807907  in that wapentake, its position in the text is not decisive.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16672132 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4416114 GAMAL}{\insrsid12807907 BARN <OF KIRKBY>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4416114 . }{\insrsid12807907 
All Gamalbarns in Domesday Book may the one man. All his manors lie in the West Riding of Yorkshire in 1066, all but two of the thirty-three divided between William of Percy}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS C10. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4592391 13W13;17;24;28-33
}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Gilbert Tison}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4592391 21W5;7-15;17}}}{\insrsid12807907  apart from those wast
e manors retained by the king. The king and both tenants-in-chief, moreover, had manors in several of the same vills: Tison and Percy in 'Great Braham', Plompton Hall and Rudfarlington, and the king and Tison in Addingham, Eastburn, Grassington, Oakworth 
a
nd Threshfield. The two manors acquired by Roger of Poitou lay a little further west of the others but no more than teen miles from Grassington. More than half of Gamalbarn's are recorded as waste or without value in 1066 but the assessment of his lands -
 over eighty carucates - would place him among the three dozen greatest lords in Yorkshire. It has been suggested that he is probably the Gamalbarn who was one of the three leaders of the Northumbrian revolt of 1065 according to John of Worcester (}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid663229 Chronicle}{\insrsid12807907 , ii. 596-99), in which case much - perhaps most - of his land lay outside the scope of the Domesday Survey: Fellow Jensen, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4592391 Scandinavian personal names}{
\insrsid12807907 , p. 95; Fletcher, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2970483 Bloodfeud}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 160.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4592391 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \cbpat8 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid15430363 GEOFFREY [* BAYNARD *]. The Geoffreys on the }{\insrsid12807907 Honour of Ralph Baynard}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid15430363  are probably }{\insrsid12807907 his}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15430363  brother and successor. }{\insrsid12807907 Dr }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15430363 Mortimer has demonstrated }{\insrsid12807907 from charter evidence 
}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15430363 that this was the case at East Ruston and Hudeston }{\insrsid12807907 in Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15430363 NFK 31,}{\insrsid12807907 5;8}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15430363 
; and it is probable that the scribe has simply omitted Geoffrey's surname in the intervening entries }{\insrsid12807907 between Rushton and Kerdiston and Skeyton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 31,1-4}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, where Geoffrey is given his byname. Dr }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15430363 Mortimer also }{\insrsid12807907 suggests}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15430363  that most if not all the remaining Geoffreys on the }{\insrsid12807907 Ralph's Honour,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid15430363  in Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 31,17;31;44}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15430363  and Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 33,2;22}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid15430363  are }{\insrsid12807907 his brother,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15430363  the subsequent descent of Geoffrey's }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15430363  }{\insrsid12807907 being}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid15430363  different from that of the principle Baynard fee}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15430363 'Baynards of Baynard's Castle'}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 244-47}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15430363 . }{
\insrsid12807907 The d}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15430363 istrib}{\insrsid12807907 ution of the name supports this}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15430363 : there are as many unidentified Geoffreys on the fief }{\insrsid12807907 of Ralph Baynard }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid15430363 as on }{\insrsid12807907 the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15430363  other sixty-two fiefs in Norfolk combined. }{\insrsid12807907 
Geoffrey is usually accepted as the son of Ralph Baynard; but charter evidence cited by Dr Mortimer, and the descent of Geoffrey's manors, suggest he was more probably Ralph's brother: }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15430363 Sanders, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15430363 English baronies}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15430363 , pp. 129-130; Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15430363 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15430363 , pp. 224-25}{\insrsid12807907 
. Geoffrey's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 124)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907 
 224-25, apart from the second manor in Langford, whose tenant is unidentified (no. 5208).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GEOFFREY [* DE MANDEVILLE *]. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 G. de Mandeville, who occurs in Essex}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ESS 1,3. 10,5. 20,71. 25,16. 34,7. 52,1. 77,1. 90,}{\insrsid12807907 20-28}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 6,112. 21,58;95}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, can only be Geoffrey de Mandeville, tenant-in-chief in those and other counties. }{\insrsid12807907 He is probably also the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Geoffrey who held part of the manor of Ayot St Lawrence in Hertfordshire from Westminster abbey
}{\insrsid12807907  since}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  he had two other tenancies from t}{\insrsid12807907 he abbey in the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 9,9}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. Westminster had no other }{\insrsid12807907 Geoffreys among its }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 tenants}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  in Hertfordshire or }{\insrsid12807907 in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
any other county. Geoffrey's manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 672) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  226-27.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 [* GEOFFREY *] MARTEL. }{\insrsid12807907 The Martels who held Hallingbury, Bigods, Dunmow and two manors in Roding in Essex from Geoffrey de Mandeville}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 30,24;31-32;35;43}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are probably Geoffrey Martel, his tenant at Abbess Roding}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 30,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 . As the name is rare, the one other Martel in Domesday, a tenant of Robert d'Oilly at Polehanger in Hertfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 19,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, may be the same man, though there are no links to conf
irm this. Geoffrey is identified by Dr Keats-Rohan as the brother of Hugh son of Grip, sheriff of Dorset. Neither Geoffrey de Mandeville or Robert d'Oilly had unidentified Geoffreys on their Honours. Martel's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 356)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  230.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10646122 GEOFFREY [* OF AALST *]. The lands held by Geoffrey from Drogo of Beuvri\'e8re at Thimbleby and Langton in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 30,18-19}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10646122 
 were held from his successor by William of Aalst (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10646122 Alost}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10646122 ) in the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11616253 Lindsey Survey}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10646122  (19/7). }{\insrsid12807907 
It seems likely that William was Geoffrey's descendant, not merely his successor, since Drogo is more likely than his successors t
o have enfeoffed a Fleming. It is also likely that Geoffrey of Aalst is the Geoffrey who held the preceding and following manors - the only other Geoffreys on Drogo's Honour - at Stainton-le-Vale and North Ormsby}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 30,17;20-21}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Stainton had another tenant and Ormsby was held in demesne in the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11616253 Lindsey Survey}{\insrsid12807907 
 (7/1. 10,3), perhaps a consequence of Drogo's forfeiture, which affected his tenants, some of whom disappear from the region: English, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10838740 Lords of Holderness}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 140-41}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid10646122 . Geoffrey's manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10646122 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10646122  (no. 9047) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10646122 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid10646122 , p. 233}{\insrsid12807907 , together with those here attributed to }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Geoffrey of Armenti\'e8res}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10646122 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GEOFFREY [* OF ARMENTIERES *]. The Geoffrey}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held Burley }{\insrsid12807907 in Rutland}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab RUT 5,15. LIN 24,80}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 and Kislingbury }{\insrsid12807907 in Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 46,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  from Gilbert of Ghent}{\insrsid12807907  may be}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Geoffrey of Armenti\'e8res. The Armenti\'e8
res family held these lands in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, and }{\insrsid12807907 a Robert of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Armenti\'e8res }{\insrsid12807907 (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5461004 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
) was a tenant of Gilbert in Berkshire and Oxfordshire in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4416114 1086}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VCH Rutland}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , ii. 113-14}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4416114 . }{
\insrsid12807907 Gilbert's one other tenant named Geoffrey, at Cranwell in Lincolnshire, the largest and most valuable of his tenancies}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 24,36;80}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, may be the same man; it would help to explain the size of the fee - ten knights - held by his descendant, David, though the heirs of Robert of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Armenti\'e8res}{\insrsid12807907 
 might be responsible for all or part of this: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10646122 Red Book}{\insrsid12807907 , i. 383. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4416114 Dr Keats-Rohan attributes these manors to Geoffrey of Aalst.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GEOFFREY }{\insrsid12807907 <OF BALDON>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 The Geoffreys who held Claydon in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 23,16}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Cherington in Gloucestershire
}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }
{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8289503 GLS 64,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and Marsh Baldon and Watcombe in Oxfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 35,17;30}}}{\insrsid12807907  from Miles Crispin are probably one man since these manors were later held by the de la }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14906956 Mare family: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14906956 VCH Buckinghamshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14906956 , iv. 28; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14906956 VCH Oxfordshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14906956 , v. 33; }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14906956 VCH Gloucestershire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14906956 , xi.}{\insrsid12807907  168. Miles had no other tenants of this name on his Honour. Geoffrey's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 
recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 4739)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  232, apart from the tenant at Cherington, who is unidentified (no. 29816).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GEOFFREY <OF }{\insrsid12807907 COLTON}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 The Geoffreys who held Colton in Staffordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 11,29}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and Denton, Carlby, Braceborough, Bourne and Thurlby in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 59,1;4-5;7-8}}}{\insrsid12807907  from Robert of Stafford are probably one man. Dr
 Keats-Rohan states that he was succeeded by a son, William }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4481001 de Wastineis}{\insrsid12807907 . Land in five of the six vills was held by William of Wasteneis from the Stafford Honour in the thirteenth century: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8471083 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 966, 974, 1026, 1051, 1092. The exception, Denton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 59,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, was held by the Baswin family; but as some of their lands were held by a Baswin in 1086, it appears that the family had acquired Denton in the interval: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8214004 Staffordshire }{\i\insrsid12807907 Pipe Rolls}{
\insrsid12807907 , pp. 175-76. Robert had no other Geoffreys on his Honour. Geoffrey's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{
\insrsid12807907 (no. 3615)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 23}{\insrsid12807907 2.
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BISHOP G[EOFFREY]}{\insrsid12807907  [* OF COUTANCES *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Bishop G on the royal manor of 'Barton Regis' in Gloucestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8289503 
GLS 1,21}}}{\insrsid12807907  can only be Bishop Geoffrey of Coutances, tenant-in-chief in Gloucestershire and many other counties. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 837)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  228-29.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GEOFFREY [* OF RIA *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Geoffreys who held land from Roger of Poitou in West Derby and Salford in South Lancashire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS R1,43. R5,6}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 may be Geoffrey of Ria, named in a grant made by Roger to the abbey of S\'e9es: Thompson, '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Monasteries and settlement}{\insrsid12807907 ', }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7634645 pp. }{\insrsid12807907 211, 223. His manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 9362)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  227, with the addition of Ashley in Staffordshire, here assigned to Geoffrey the sheriff.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par GEOFFREY [* }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OF }{\insrsid12807907 `}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RUNEVILLE' *].}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Geoffrey}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{
\insrsid12807907 who }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 held Stanstead }{\insrsid12807907 Abbots from Geoffrey of Bec, is probably the Geoffrey}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  'of Runeville'}{\insrsid12807907  who held 'Blackmore', the previous manor}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HRT 34,22-23}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 They are the only tenants on Geoffrey of Bec's small Honour, so it is improbable they were different men}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{
\insrsid12807907 Geoffrey's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 876)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  231.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par GEOFFREY <OF SEDGLEY>. }{\insrsid12807907 Geoffrey, who held Sedgley in Staffordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 12,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 from William son of Ansculf, has no links with his two namesakes in the county, and William son of Ansculf has no other Geoffreys on his Honour}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12088086 . The descent of the Sedgley has not been traced: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3286294 VCH Staffordshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12088086 , xx.}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12088086 23. Geoffrey}{\insrsid12807907  is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1727758 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907  (no. 31549).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par GEOFFREY }{\insrsid12807907 <}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OF }{\insrsid12807907 SWAFFHAM>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 The Geoffreys who held Swaffham, Burwell and Isleham in Cambridgeshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 14,63;70;72}}}{
\insrsid12807907  and Hackforth, Aysgarth, West Burton and Garriston in Yorkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10444990 6N60;82;85;108}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 from Count Alan of Brittany are almost certainly one man, these lands later forming the Burgh fee on the Honour of Richmond, charged with providing four knights for castle-guard, two from 
each of the two counties. The name of the fee probably derives from Burrough Green in Cambridgeshire, acquired by the family from Count Alan's demesne lands after the Domesday Survey}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10444990 CAM 14,78}}}{
\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10444990 Early Yorkshire charters}{\insrsid12807907 , v. 164-67. Farrer suggested that Geoffrey might also be the Count's tenant in Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 4,18-20}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10444990 ;44}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , though he acknowledged that the Burgh fee reveals no subsequent interest in those manors. He did not mention the one other Geoffrey on the Count's Honour, Geoffrey of Tournai, whose manor of Steyning in Lincolnshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
LIN 12,89}}}{\insrsid12807907  would have been a useful staging post between Cambridgeshire and Yorkshire. As with Norfolk, however, there are no links to connect the two. Geoffrey's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 
recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 1608)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  225-26, under the name Geoffrey de Burgh.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10444990 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GEOFFREY [* OF *] TOURNAI. }{\insrsid12807907 Geoffrey Tournai, who held Steyning in Lincolnshire from Count Alan of Brittany, is presumably Geoffrey of Tournai}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12675360 LIN 12,89}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , perhaps from Tournai-sur-Dive in Lower Normandy (Orne: arrondissement Argentan). It is possible, though unverifiable, that Geoffrey is the same man as Geoffrey of Swaffham, the Count's tenant in Cambridges
hire and Yorkshire. Geoffrey's manor is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 2896)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  231.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GEOFFREY [* RIDEL *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Geoffrey, who held Duckmanton in Derbyshire from Ralph son of Hubert, is probably Geoffrey Ridel}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 10,6}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, perhaps the royal justice under Henry I who was drowned in the White ship disaster. Ridel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 is named incidentally in Norfolk as having returned from Apulia with the brother of Roger Bigot}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12675360 NFK 9,88}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and Duckmanton was later held by another Geoffrey Ridel: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1532426 Thurgarton cartulary}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. clxxxii-iii. Ralph had another tenant named Geoffrey, at Teversal in Nottinghamshire, nine miles to the south, perhaps the same man}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 13,8}}}{\insrsid12807907 
; Geoffrey Ridel held fees in Nottinghamshire from the barony in 1166, though these may, of course, have been acquired by other means: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12675360 Red Book}{\insrsid12807907 , i. 345; Green, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12675360 
Government of England}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 232. Geoffrey's manor at Duckmanton is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 1040)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  230-31; the tenant at Teversal is unidentified (no. 35478).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GEOFFREY [* }{\insrsid12807907 SON OF HAIMO}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Geoffrey, who held }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3172768 Rigneseta}{\insrsid12807907  in Suffolk}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUF 25,57}}}{\insrsid12807907  from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3172768 Richard son of Count Gilbert}{\insrsid12807907 , may be Geoffrey son of Haimo, who held Chilbourne from him}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3172768 SUF 25,86}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , his only other tenant of this name on his Honour; the two manors are of similar status. Geoffrey's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907  (no. 601)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  229.

\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GEOFFREY [* THE MARSHAL *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Geoffrey, who held Draycot Cerne among the king's sergeants of Wiltshire in 1086, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 is }{\insrsid12807907 named}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Geoffrey the marshal}{\insrsid12807907  in the Geld Roll}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  for the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13791419 WIL 68,21}}}{
\insrsid12807907 . He is presumably the same Geoffrey the marshal who had a messuage in Malmesbury}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL M12}}}{\insrsid12807907  and three manors in Hampshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 56,3. 62,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907 : }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13791419 VCH Wiltshire}{\insrsid12807907 , ii. 212. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 353)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  230.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GEOFFREY [* THE SHERIFF *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Geoffrey, who held Hadley in Shropshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,3,27}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 from Reginald the sheriff, tenant of Earl Roger of Shrewsbury, is identified as Geoffrey the sheriff by his grant of land in that vill and in Garston, with the churches of Kirkham and Walton, to the earl's foundation of Shrewsbury abbey: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13791419 Cartulary of Shrewsbury abbey}{\insrsid12807907 , i. 33-34. He was sheriff of Lancashire, where he granted an orchard, houses, tithes and land to Lancaster priory, founded by Earl Roger's son, Roger of Poitou: Green, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5122331 English }{\i\insrsid12807907 s}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5122331 heriffs}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 52; Thompson, '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Monasteries and settlement}{\insrsid12807907 ', }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid7634645 pp. 206, 208-19, 222. Roger later confirmed Geoffrey's grants to Shrewsbury abbey: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7634645 Cartulary}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7634645 , ii. no. 371, p. 337. Geoffrey may }{\insrsid12807907 
also}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7634645  be Roger's tenant at Osgodby in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 16,9}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7634645  and the Geoffrey who held Ashley in Staffordshire from Earl Roger}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
STS 8,25}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; the church of Walton is in the same Hundred. He is possibly the Geoffrey who held Worthen and Stepple in Shropshire from the earl's tenants}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,4,20. 6,8}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, though there are no specific links to confirm this. Earl Roger had five tenants named Geoffrey in Sussex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid264721 11,}{\insrsid12807907 3;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid264721 15;36;66;113}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, most with substantial manors, but there are no apparent links with the sheriff of Lancashire: Farrer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid264721 Honors}{\insrsid12807907 , iii. 55, 70. Geoffrey's manors of Hadley and Stepple, and his Lincolnshire manor, }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 5189)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 232; Ashley is assigned to Geoffrey of Ria, and Worthen to an unidentified tenant (no. 30851); the Sussex tenants are unidentified (nos. 16146, 16168, 16205, 16250, 16320).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GERARD }{\insrsid12807907 <OF BOLTBY>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 
All Gerards in Yorkshire are very probably one man. All seven of his manors were held from Hugh son of Baldric in the North Riding}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5329502 23N4;9-11;13;15-16}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , all are of similar status, and six of the seven are the only tenancies created by Hugh in the Riding from lands he acquired from the sons of Karli (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4816460 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
). There are no other Gerards on Hugh's Honour. Gerard's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 4693)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  207.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GERARD [* OF LORRAINE *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Gerard, who held }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14891029 Whittlesford}{\insrsid12807907  in Cambridgeshire f
rom Count Alan of Brittany, is almost certainly Gerard of Lorraine, who held the adjacent manor of Duxford from the Count}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 14,18-19}}}{\insrsid12807907  and was a juror in }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14891029 Whittlesford}{\insrsid12807907  Hundred where both manors lay according to the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14106742 Inquisitio }{\i\insrsid12807907 Comitatus Cantabrigiensis }{\insrsid12807907 (ed. Hamilton, pp
. 38, 42, 99). There are no other Gerards in Cambridgeshire, and no more on Count Alan's extensive Honour. Gerard's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907 
 (no. 219)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  207.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GERARD [* OF TOURNAI-SUR-DIVE *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Gerard, who held a fief in Shropshire from Earl Roger of Shrewsbury}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,23,1-18}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is identified as Gerard of Tournai by his grant of the vill of Betton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,23,9}}}{\insrsid12807907  recorded in a confirmation of the foundation charter of Shrewsbury abbey: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13791419 Cartulary of Shrewsbury abbey}{\insrsid12807907 , i. 33, 38. Tournai is shown to be Tournai-sur-Dive }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 in }{\insrsid12807907 Lower }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Normandy }{
\insrsid12807907 (Orne: arrondissement Argentan) by a later charter: Loyd, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1391730 Some Anglo-Norman families}{\insrsid12807907 
, p. 104. There are no other Gerards in Shropshire, and Earl Roger had no more on his Honour. Gerard's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 2974)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  204-205.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GERARD [* THE CHAMBERLAIN *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Gerards who held several parts of the royal manor of Tewkesbury}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 1,24;40-41}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are probably Gerard the chamberlain, named at Boddington and Kemerton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 19,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 , whi
ch duplicates those submanors of Tewkesbury. He may also be the Gerard who held land from the king on an unnamed holding and monitored customary dues for him at Chepstow}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11143503 GLS W10}{
\insrsid12807907 ;16}}}{\insrsid12807907 . One other Gerard held land in the county, at Oakley, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14906956 from Roger of Lacy; he has no links with royal estates or the chamberlain. Gerard's manors are}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 3449)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  207; the tenant at Oakley is identified as another man (no. 4701).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GERARD [* THE DITCHER *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Gerard, who held a manor in Lopen in Somerset from Count Robert of Mortain}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 19,6}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is probably Gerard the ditcher, named in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6717044 Exon.}{\insrsid12807907  as holding a second manor in the vill from Roger of Courseulles}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 21,38}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and in Greinton and Ham from Glastonbury abbey}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 8,15;17}}}{\insrsid12807907 . He may be the royal servant, Gerard, at Earnshill}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 46,20}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, which lies between Lopen and Ham and Greinton. Of the three tenants-in-chief, only the Count of Mortain had another }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Gerard}{\insrsid12807907  among his tenants, at Loders in Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 26,41}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, likely to be the same man since in addition to the tenurial link he is the only Gerard in the county. The one other Gerard in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11410770 SOM 24,15}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , at Bratton Seymour, has no apparent links with the ditcher. Gerard's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 1997)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 207; the tenant at Loders is identified as a }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11694780 Gerold}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 9903).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13916220 GERMUND}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Germund is }{\insrsid12807907 a rare}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 name which occurs}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  a dozen times}{
\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 distributed }{\insrsid12807907 among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 half-a-dozen adjacent counties between Buckinghamshire and Norfolk and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
the lands of four tenants-in-chief}{\insrsid12807907 , all borne by post-Conquest landowners.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 GERMUND <OF "CUDESSANE">. As }{\insrsid12807907 the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  name is rare, the tenant}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  of Walter Giffard at }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Cudessane}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  in Bedfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 16,8}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and Swaffham in Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 66,63}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 are probably the same }{\insrsid12807907 Germund}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , despite the distance separating them. Germund of Swaffham is not included }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ; }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Cudessane}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is attributed to Germund of Villers.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par GERMUND <OF OAKLEY>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, the tenants of Ralph Baynard at Little Badd}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ow and Little Oakley }{\insrsid12807907 in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 33,13;15}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  probably the same }{\insrsid12807907 Germund}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . In the early thirteenth century the two }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  were held with others for five and a half fees from the Baynard Honour by a Richard }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Fillol}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\insrsid12807907 
fees held in by 1166 by Richard of Baddow (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16518302 Badwan}{\insrsid12807907 ): }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 577; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16518302 Red Book}{\insrsid12807907 
, i. 348}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Germund }{\insrsid12807907 is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (nos. 5196, 5198).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GERMUND [* OF ST OUEN *]. Geoffrey de Mandeville}{\insrsid12807907 's tenants at Ivinghoe Aston }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 21,5}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{
\insrsid12807907 Birchanger in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 30,48}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , and }{\insrsid12807907 Ashwell, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8471083 Hainstone}{
\insrsid12807907  and 'Stetchworth' in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Hertfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 33-7-8;12}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 are probably }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Germund of St Ouen}{
\insrsid12807907 , named in the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Inquisitio Eliensis}{\insrsid12807907  as}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 a juror in Odsey Hundred, }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 where two of }{\insrsid12807907 his}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 Hertfordshire manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  lay}{\insrsid12807907 :}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Inquisitio }{\i\insrsid12807907 Comitatus Cantabrigiensis}{\insrsid12807907  (ed. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Hamilton}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 p. 100). The Mandeville }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Carta}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  of 1166 referred }{\insrsid12807907 to his}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 fee}{\insrsid12807907 '}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , then in the hands of Walter de Cantilupe and Robert }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Chevacheshulle}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , whose relationship to Germund is unknown}{\insrsid12807907 : }{
\i\insrsid12807907 Red Book,}{\insrsid12807907  i. 345}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . The}{\insrsid12807907 re is no evidence from descent that he is the same man as the tenants of Walter Giffa
rd and Richard son of Count Gilbert in Bedfordshire, Essex and East Anglia (Lewis, Domesday jurors', p. 36), though given that the name is rare and that the tenants of all four tenants-in-chief have at least one manor in the area between Bedfordshire and 
Essex where the manors of Geoffrey's tenant lay, this possibility cannot be excluded}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Germund's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 952)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  205, where it is suggested that he originated from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Saint-O}{\insrsid12807907 uen}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 -sous-Bailly in }{\insrsid12807907 Upper }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Normandy (Seine-Maritime: arrondissement Dieppe).}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par GERMUND <}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OF }{\insrsid12807907 VILLERS>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, t}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 he }{\insrsid12807907 tenants }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
of Richard of }{\insrsid12807907 son of Count Gilbert}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  at Howe }{\insrsid12807907 in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ESS 23}{\insrsid12807907 
,15. 90,53}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and Flowton }{\insrsid12807907 in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 25,55}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  probably Germund }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 de Villare,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who witnessed a charter for Toppesfield for another tenant of Richard}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6712277 Stoke}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8214004 
 by Clare}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6712277  }{\i\insrsid12807907 c}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6712277 artulary}{\insrsid12807907 , i. 57-58, 117}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Toppesfield is a few miles from Germund's }{\insrsid12807907 manor}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  at Howe (in Finchingfield). }{\insrsid12807907 Germund's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 953)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 205, together with the Giffard tenancy in Bedfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 16,8}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907  Dr }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Keats-Rohan}{\insrsid12807907  suggests}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Villare}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 probably }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 either Villers-en-Ouche (Orne: arrondissement Argentan)}{
\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  or Villers-Canivet (Calvados: arrondissement Caen)}{\insrsid12807907 , both }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 in }{\insrsid12807907 Lower Normandy.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GERWY [* OF LES LOGES *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The three Gerwys in Domesday Book may be the same man and the three Gerins. As his name is very rare, the Gerwy who held a hide on the royal manor of Breamore in Hampshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
HAM 1,37}}}{\insrsid12807907  is probably Gerwy of Les Loges, whose wife had a small fief at Temple Guiting in Gloucestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 76,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. His hide is said to lie in the Isle of Wight, which very probably identifies him as the Gerin who held a hide among the king's thanes at Ningwood}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13916220 HAM IoW9,18}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , and also as the Gerin with eighteen acres in Southampton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM S2}}}{\insrsid12807907  and a fief consisting of a single manor at Binton in Warwickshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 34,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. The name of this Gerwy/Gerin is rendered }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid284697 Geri}{\insrsid12807907 
 in an Evesham cartulary of the early twelfth century (Darlington, 'Aethelwig', p. 189), suggesting the possibility that he is the pre-Conquest lord of two Shropshire manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid284697 SHR 4,3,18}{
\insrsid12807907 ;71}}}{\insrsid12807907 , the only }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid284697 Geri}{\insrsid12807907 s in Domesday Book. The one other Gerwy or Gerin, Gerwy at Oakley in Gloucestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 67,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, may be the same man. The correct form of his name is uncertain, further complicated by a grant by his wife of land in Temple Guiting to St Peter's Gloucester, for the soul of 'her man', }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5244527 Juricus}{\insrsid12807907 : }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5244527 Historia}{\i\insrsid12807907  ...}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5244527  Gloucestriae}{\insrsid12807907 , i. 80-81. The manors of Gerwy/Gerin and his wife }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 
recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (nos. 2121, 3639)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}
{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , }{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 p.}{\insrsid12807907  208, 441.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 G}{\insrsid12807907 [}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ILBERT}{\insrsid12807907 ]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 [* }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BLUNT *]. }{\insrsid12807907 
G, who held land or free men at Boyton in Suffolk from Robert Malet}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11869205 SUF 6,134}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is probably Gilbert Blunt, who held the previous manor and seven 
others from Robert}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 6,84-88}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11869205 ;105;133;254}}}{\insrsid12807907 . They }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 152)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 209, apart from Boyton, whose tenant is unidentified (no. 11988). Dr Keats-Rohan also assigns }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9651347 Manuuic}{\insrsid12807907 , Ashfield, Thorpe Hall, Leiston and Westleton to Blunt}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 6,19-21;83;105}}}{
\insrsid12807907 . Robert had many other Gilberts among his tenants, two with bynames 'of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9651347 Coleville}{\insrsid12807907 ' and 'of Wissant' who are difficult to distinguish among the unidentified Gilberts.}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid9651347 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par BISHOP [* }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GILBERT }{\insrsid12807907 MAMINOT }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 *}{\insrsid12807907 ] OF LISIEUX}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 
Gilbert, bishop of Lisieux, was a tenant-in-chief in six counties and a tenant in five, usually of the bishop of Bayeux. He is almost always referred to simply as th
e bishop of Lisieux, though once as Gilbert of Lisieux and in Gloucestershire as Gilbert Maminot in the List of Landholders, the scribe interlining bishop of Lisieux above his name. Not that there is any doubt his name or identity, which is recorded in ma
ny sources, a particularly detailed and vivid description being provided by Orderic Vitalis (iii. 18-23). There is, however, some doubt about the identity of plain Gilbert Maminot, who occurs once each in Berkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2193756 1,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 4,33}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and twice each in Kent}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 5,36-37}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Yorkshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
YKS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2193756 C14. SE,Ac2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, in Kent and Buckinghamshire as a tenant of Bishop Odo. Most authorities assume that this Gilbert Maminot is the bishop of Lisieux; but Round identified him as 'probably' a nephew and namesake of the bishop without, unfortunately, recor
ding his reasons: 'Domesday survey of Berkshire', p. 211. There is some textual support for two Gilbert Maminots. The Gloucestershire interlineation may be a scribal clarification when 'Gilbert Maminot' was found to be ambiguous; Gilbert Maminot and the b
ishop of Lisieux are named as such and treated as separate individuals in the summary of their holdings in the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2193756 Domesday Monachorum}{\insrsid12807907 
 (p. 101); and Gilbert Maminot and the bishop of Lisieux are separately named on the fief of Bishop Odo in Buckinghamshire, as in Kent. The bishop's manors - including those of Gilbert Maminot - }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 
recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 849)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907 
 212-13; the plain Gilbert Maminot of Kent, Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Yorkshire is here treated as another individual.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2193756 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GILBERT <OF }{\insrsid12807907 ENGLEFIELD}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 Although the name is common, the Gilberts who held Penn, Enville and Himley in Staf
fordshire from William son of Ansculf may be one man}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 12,5;10;13}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. His manors form a fairly close group, Penn being three miles from Himley, and Himley five from Enville. The manors of other Gilberts in the county, all tenants of Robert of Stafford, form a distinct gr
oup twenty or more miles further north. William had two other Gilberts among his tenants, at Englefield and Stanford in Berkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 22,1;9}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, the most substantial of all these manors. It is likely that they were held by the Staffordshire tenant, a William }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11741217 de Englefeud}{\insrsid12807907 
 holding the third part of a fee of the Honour of Dudley in Himley in the thirteenth century, indicating a link between the Berkshire and Staffordshire holdings: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11741217 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 968. This William }
{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11741217 de Englefeud}{\i\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907 is presumably a descendant of }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11741217 Elias }{\i\insrsid12807907 d}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11741217 e Englesfeld}{\insrsid12807907 
 who held three fees of the Dudley Honour in 1166: }{\i\insrsid12807907 Red Book,}{\insrsid12807907  i. 269. Gilbert's Staffordshire manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 9384)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  215; the Berkshire tenants are unidentified (nos. 904, 913).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11303107 GILBERT [* OF ESKECOT *]. The Gilbert}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11303107  who held Duntisbourne }{\insrsid12807907 Abbots }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11303107 
in Gloucestershire from Roger of Lacy and Bagendon from Hugh the ass}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 39,7. 63,4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11303107  }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11303107 
 identified as Gilbert of Eskecot by his grant of land }{\insrsid12807907 in those vills}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11303107  to St Peter's of Gloucester: }{\i\insrsid12807907 Historia ... Gloucestriae}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11303107 , i. 73. }{
\insrsid12807907 He may also be Roger's tenant at Hampton, Bacton and Ledicot in Herefordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 1,16. 10,16;42}}}{\insrsid12807907 . These were almost certainly held by
 one man since they were in the hands of the same family a century later: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11303107 Herefordshire Domesday}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11303107  }{\insrsid12807907 pp. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11303107 
12, 42, 46, 85, 100}{\insrsid12807907 . The family then took its name from Bacton, but this does not of course preclude their descent from Gilbert of Eskecot; at roughly the same date, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11303107 Richard of Eskotot held }{
\insrsid12807907 three}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11303107  fees from the Lacy Honour in }{\insrsid12807907 the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11303107 Cartae}{\insrsid12807907  of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11303107 1166}{\insrsid12807907 
, and three other member of the family also had fees in the Honour}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11303107 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11303107 Red Book}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11303107 , i. 282}{\insrsid12807907 
-83. Richard held the royal manor of King's Pyon in the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11303107 Herefordshire Domesday}{\insrsid12807907  (p. 48), but his Lacy fees are not recorded there under his name. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11303107 Gilbert's manor}{
\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11303107  }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11303107  recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11303107  (no. 4390) and referenced in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11303107 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11303107 , p. 210}{\insrsid12807907 , apart from}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11303107  Bagendon}{\insrsid12807907 , whose tenant is unidentified (no. 29813).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\tx1008\tx7560\tx9000\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \cbpat8 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GILBERT [* OF GHENT *]. }{\insrsid12807907 
Gilbert, who claimed land in Honington in Lincolnshire through his predecessor Ulf, is almost certainly Gilbert of Ghent, who had a manor in the vill}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12403907 LIN 24,84}{
\insrsid12807907 . CK63}}}{\insrsid12807907  and whose principle precedessor was Ulf Fenman (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9522480 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
). Similarly, he must be the Gilbert who claimed land in Luddington and other vills in the county, where the English lord was Ulf Fenman}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12403907 LIN 63,25}}}{
\insrsid12807907 .
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GILBERT <OF }{\insrsid12807907 HOPTON}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 
Although the name is common, the Gilberts who held Hopton, Salt, Cheswardine, Chipnall and Loyton in Staffordshire from Robert of Stafford are probably one man}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 11,11-13;53}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Hopton and Salt are adjacent, as are Cheswardine and Chipnall, Chipnall being six miles from Loynton. The manors of other Gilberts in the county, all tenants of William son of Ansculf, form a distinct group twenty or more miles 
further south. Robert had one other tenant named Gilbert, at Aston in Oxfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 27,10}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, a respectable manor comparable to those at Hopton and Cheswardine. As Robert's 1072 charter for Evesham abbey names only one Gilbert among the witnesses, he may be the same man, though witness lists are not comprehensive: }{\i\insrsid12807907 
Staffordshire chartulary}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 178-82. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 8174)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid6120177 215, }{\insrsid12807907 apart from Aston, whose tenant is unidentified (no. 27886).
\par }{\b\insrsid12807907 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GILBERT [* OF SANNERVILLE *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The tenant of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid481450 Roger son of Corbet}{\insrsid12807907  at Cardeston in Shropshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid481450 SHR 4,4,18}}}{
\insrsid12807907  is probably Gilbert of Sannerville, who gave tithes at Chirbury to Shrewsbury abbey: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid481450 Cartulary of Shrewsbury abbey}{\insrsid12807907 
, i. 34, 39. He is the only Gilbert in the county and Earl Roger's only such tenant or subtenant. His manor is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 8231)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  211.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GILBERT <OF WEST DERBY>. Gilbert}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held }{\insrsid12807907 two carucates from}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Roger of Poitou }{\insrsid12807907 at}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  West Derby }{\insrsid12807907 in South Lancashire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2645552 CHS R1,43}}}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 is his only }{\insrsid12807907 such }
{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 tenant}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and the only Gilbert in Lancashire. It has been suggested that he may have been a household officer of }{\insrsid12807907 Roger: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VCH Lancashire}{\insrsid12807907 , i. 285, note 7}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 He}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 is identified as Geoffrey of Ria in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GILBERT <OF }{\insrsid12807907 WORMLEIGHTON}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. Gilbert is a common name; but eight of the nine}{\insrsid12807907  Gilberts}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in Warwickshire }{
\insrsid12807907 occur}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 on the interrelated fiefs of the Count of Meulan and Thorkil of Arden}{\insrsid12807907  so may be the same man. Thorkil's tenant at Ladbroke}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
WAR 17,33}}}{\insrsid12807907  is two miles from the Count's at Hodnell}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 16,34}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and the other Thorkil tenancy in the lost vill }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11216338 Bentone}{
\insrsid12807907  is in the same Hundred, possibly nearby}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 17,36}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Of the Count's other manors, Fenny Compton is two miles from Wormleighton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 16,54;57}}}{\insrsid12807907 
; and Stoneleigh, Woodcote and Newbold within four or five miles of each other}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 16,49;51;59}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Since }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 neither tenant-in-chief had a tenant of name}{
\insrsid12807907 d Gilbert}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  elsewhere, }{\insrsid12807907 this distribution suggests}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 that all eight Gilberts are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 
one}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 man, though}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11741217  }{\insrsid12807907 his manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11741217  were in }{\insrsid12807907 several}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11741217 
 different hands in the thirteenth century: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11741217 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11741217 pp. 507-508, 956-58. }{\insrsid12807907 
The ninth Gilbert, a tenant of Osbern son of Richard at Temple Grafton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid284697 WAR 37,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is likely to be another individual, and may not have been in possession for long. 
The manor was mortgaged by Osbern to the abbey of Evesham, which assumed full possession when he could not repay the mortgage; he seized the manor again, but it was held by the abbey in the early twelfth century: Thomas of Marlborough, pp. 134-85, 174-75,
 176-79; Darlington, 'Aethelwig', pp. 186-89. Gilbert's manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 4757)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 215; the tenant at Grafton is unidentified (no. 28559).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par GILBERT }{\insrsid12807907 [* SON }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OF }{\insrsid12807907 DAMA *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Gilbert, who held Thorpe Stapleton and Stapleton in Yorkshire from Ilbert of Lacy}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
YKS 9W17;50}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is almost certainly Gilbert son of Dama, who gave tithes in Stapleton to Ilbert's foundation}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  of St Clement, Pontefract: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Early Yorkshire charters}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , iii. 185-87}{\insrsid12807907 ; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Early Yorkshire }{\i\insrsid12807907 families}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{\insrsid12807907 
pp. 83-84. He is the only Gilbert on Ilbert's Honour and the only unidentified Gilbert in Yorkshire. The name Dama does not occur in Domesday Book and appears to be unrecorded elsewhere. Gilbert's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{
\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 4622)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  213.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12403907 GILBERT [* SON OF TUROLD *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Gilbert the sheriff, Robert of Tosny's tenant at Clifford castle in Herefordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 8,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is identified as the tenant-in-chief Gilbert son of Turold }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12403907 by the duplication of part of the entry on }{\insrsid12807907 his}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12403907  fief}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12403907 HEF 25}{
\insrsid12807907 ,9}}}{\insrsid12807907 : Lewis,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12403907  'Norman settlement of Herefordshire', p. 207. }{\insrsid12807907 He has also been identified as Gilbert of Bouill\'e9 (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid412023 Budi}{
\insrsid12807907 ), who held a messuage in Warwick}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR B2}}}{\insrsid12807907  where the messuages are said to belong 'to the lands which these barons hold outside the Borough', a description which
 fits Gilbert son of Turold but no one else, the one other Gilbert among the tenants-in-chief in the county - Gilbert of Ghent - being separately listed among the householders. Turold's son may also be Gilbert with the beard, Robert of Tosny's tenant at D
uxford in Cambridgeshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }
{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 20,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , a county in which he was a tenant-in-chief:}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12403907  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12403907 Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12403907 (p. 42)}{
\insrsid12807907 ; if so, he was probably also Robert's tenant at Stone}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12403907  and Cheddington}{\insrsid12807907  in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 18,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, all three valuable manors, two of them - one in each county - acquired from Ulf son of Manni (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3090277 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
). There were no other unidentified Gilberts in those counties. A Gilbert was also Robert's tenant on two manors in Leicestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 15,13;15}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, where one other Gilbert held land in Welham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid481450 17,19. 40,30}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Gilbert's tenancies were in t
he hands of different families by the thirteenth century; but it is doubtful whether this is significant since Gilbert's heirs seem to have failed, or been disinherited, his tenancies-in-chief in seven counties being later attached to other Honours, manor
s in Cambridgeshire, Warwickshire and Worcestershire falling to the Tosny Honour of Flamstead: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3090277 VCH Cambridgeshire}{\insrsid12807907 , ix. 226; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3090277 VCH Warwickshire}{\insrsid12807907 
, v. 154; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3090277 VCH Worcestershire}{\insrsid12807907 , iii. 128. Gilbert's manors - including the messuage in Warwick - }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 495)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907 
 213-14; Gilbert with the beard is identified as another man (no. 1609); Gilbert at Stone is unidentified (no. 1356), and the Leicestershire Gilberts are accidentally linked to a William. Dr Keats-Rohan rejects the derivation of Bouill\'e9
 (Seine-Maritime: arrondissement Rouen), from }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid412023 Budi}{\insrsid12807907 , suggesting that Gilbert was more probably from Notre-Dame-du-Hamel (Eure: arrondissement Bernay).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GILBERT [* THE HUNTER *]. The Gilbert}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held from Earl Hugh in Cheshire and Dorset }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 probably Gilbert of Venables, alias Gilbert the hunter. In Cheshire, }{\insrsid12807907 Gilbert is assigned two fiefs, on
e under each of his aliases; but their identity is demonstrated by the grant of land in Newbold by Gilbert of Venables to Chester abbey, Newbold being assigned to Gilbert the hunter in Domesday Book}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3351488 CHS 18,1}}}{
\insrsid12807907 : Lewis, 'Introduction to the Cheshire Domesday', p. 8. Elsewhere in the county, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 the context indicates that the holdings among the shared lands and the salt-works}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 27,2. S1,7}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  are those of Earl Hugh's main tenants, and }{\insrsid12807907 Gilbert is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  therefore Gilbert of Venables}{\insrsid12807907 , the only Gilbert among them}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
. As the only Gilbert in Dorset and a tenant of Earl Hugh who had no other known tenant of that name, it is likely that }{\insrsid12807907 he is also the Gilbert at Fifehead Magdalen}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 27,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 : Farrer, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Honors}{\i\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  i}{\insrsid12807907 i.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  286-87}{\insrsid12807907 ; Lewis 'Honour of Chester', p. 60. Fifehead is}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the earl}{\insrsid12807907 's most valuable manor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in the county}{\insrsid12807907 , so likely to be enfeoffed to an important tenant}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{
\insrsid12807907 Gilbert's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 2533)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  212; the tenant at Fifehead is unidentified (no. 2758).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 GILBERT [* THE MARSHAL *]. Gilbert}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  who held Garsington in Oxfordshire from the abbey of Abingdon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 9,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is }{\insrsid12807907 'surnamed Latimer (}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 that is, }{\insrsid12807907 I}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 nterpreter}{\insrsid12807907 )}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ', }{
\insrsid12807907 alias}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Gilbert the marshal}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  in the abbey's chronicle: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Historia Ecclesie Abbendonensis}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , ii. 48-51, 324-25. He is the only Abingdon tenant of this name. }{\insrsid12807907 
Roger of Ivry had a tenant at Horspath, three miles away, the only Gilbert on his Honour, conceivably the same man, though the name is common; }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Garsington }{\insrsid12807907 
and Horspath were in different hands in the thirteenth century: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1652724 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 827, 839. Gilbert's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  manor is recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 2789) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. }{\insrsid12807907 214; the tenant at Horspath is unidentified (no. 27931)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GILBERT [* THE PRIEST *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Gilbert, who held Serlby in Nottinghamshire from Roger of Bully}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid481450 NTT 9,52}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , is probably Gilbert the priest, who witnessed his foundation charter for Blyth priory: }{\i\insrsid12807907 C}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid731055 artulary}{\i\insrsid12807907  of }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid731055 Blyth }{
\i\insrsid12807907 priory}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 209. He is the only unidentified Gilbert in the county and the only Gilbert on Roger's Honour. His manor is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 9334)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  214.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par GILLEPATRIC <OF SPENNITHORNE>. All Gillepatrics in Domesday are very probably one man, all being predecessors of Count Alan of Brittany in the North Riding of Yorkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14500568 6N28;87;90;94;99;102}
}}{\insrsid12807907 . Five of the six manors were subinfeudated to the same tenant, Ribald, and lay within a few miles of each other on either side of the river Ure.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14825235 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11282657 GLADWIN}{\insrsid12807907 . Gladwin is a rare name which occurs eight times, distributed among six counties north of the Thames and seven tenants-in-chief, one Gladwin being a survivor; and the holdings are modest.}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14825235 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par GLADWIN <OF DIMSDALE>. }{\insrsid12807907 Gladwin, who shared a manor worth ten shillings}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14825235  at Dimsdale }{\insrsid12807907 in Staffordshire acquired by Richard the forester}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 13,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has no links with other Gladwins, none of whom are within forty-five miles of his holding}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14825235 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GLADWIN <OF DODDINGTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 
As the name is rare, the Gladwin whose modest}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14825235  holding at }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7472343 Doddington }{\insrsid12807907 in Lincolnshire was acquired by Odo of Bayeux}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 4,76}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 may be Gladwin of Wysall, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 whose}{\insrsid12807907  manors are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 thirty to forty}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  away; but there are no links to confirm this.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GLADWIN <OF NEWTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 
Gladwin, a tenant of Henry of Ferrers holding a plough and a smallholder at Newton in Leicestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 14,24}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is the only survivor of this name; he is possibly Gladwin of Wysall, allowed to survive on a fragment of his previous estate; but there are no links to confirm this. He is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1727758 Coel}{\insrsid12807907 
 (no. 26374).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GLADWIN <OF PITSTONE>. }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid16206711 Gladwin}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16206711  }{\insrsid12807907 whose four oxen and woodland for ten pigs }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16206711 at Pitstone }{\insrsid12807907 
in Buckinghamshire was acquired by the Count of Mortain}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 12,18}}}{\insrsid12807907 , has no links with other Gladwins, all distant}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14825235 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \cbpat8 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GLADWIN <OF WYSALL>. }{\insrsid12807907 
As the name is rare, the Gladwins who preceded Roger of Bully at Wysall and Thorpe}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 9,90-91}}}{\insrsid12807907  and William Peverel at Stapleford and Selston}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 10,16;65}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, all in Broxtowe wapentake in Nottingham, may be one man. Dr Fleming's thesis on block grants of Hundreds and wapentakes, and in particular of the
 grant of most of Broxtowe wapentake to William Peverel, would seem to militate against the identity of the two predecessors: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8608478 Kings and Lord}{\insrsid12807907 
s, p. 148. However, the Bully holdings are in a detached portion of Broxtowe wapentake in the extreme south of the c
ounty where the Fleming thesis evidently does not apply since four tenants-in-chief held land there and two of the vills were divided between three of them. Apart from the four Nottinghamshire holdings, it is likely that the Nottinghamshire Gladwin is the
 same man as the Gladwin at Sandiacre in Derbyshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 17,15}}}{\insrsid12807907 , less than a mile from Stapleford, just across the county boundary.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid7930474 GLEU}{\insrsid12807907 
 <OF ROTHWELL>. All Gleus in Domesday Book are almost certainly the same man. He held five of the six manors from Alfred of Lincoln: Wymington in Bedfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 31,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and Cuxwold, Rothwell, South Witham and Thistleton and their dependencies in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 27,12-14;47-49}}}{\insrsid12807907 . The sixth manor, held from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10830015 Godfrey of Cambrai}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
LIN 51,10}}}{\insrsid12807907 , also lay in Thistleton. Gleu's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 955)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 216, where it is suggested he may have been Alfred's steward.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10830015 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13705682 GODA. The name Goda is rare north of a line from the Bristol Channel to the Wash}{\insrsid12807907 , where the few occurrences may be}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13705682  }{\insrsid12807907 scribal errors; and it is only
 common south of that line if those identified as Countess Goda and Gode of Woolley are included, though there are clusters in Devon and Suffolk. Goda and Gode are masculine and feminine forms of the same name, but are not used consistently to separate th
e sexes by the Domesday scribe: }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15150746 von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid12807907 Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1604828 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p. 262-63, 273. A further complication is that such forms as }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8608478 God}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8608478 Godus}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8608478 Godo}{\insrsid12807907 , and }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8608478 Golde}{\insrsid12807907 
 are sometimes employed by the scribe for Goda or Gode, and Goda where Godiva or Gytha are probably intended.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par [* COUNTESS *] GODA. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14973254 Countess Goda}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14973254  sister of Edwa}{\insrsid12807907 rd the Confessor, wife of Drogo}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14973254  Count of Mant
es, and mother of Earl Ralph of Hereford}{\insrsid12807907  (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13705682 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ),}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14973254  was dead }{\insrsid12807907 some time before the Domesday Survey, }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14973254 probably by 1049}{\insrsid12807907 . She is accorded her title on manors in Sussex, Dorset, Middlesex, Buckinghamshire and Gloucestershire. W}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14973254 here }{\insrsid12807907 it}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14973254  }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14973254  omitted}{\insrsid12807907 , distributional factors sometimes suggest an identification. Most, possibly all of the Godas}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14973254 
 in the Godwinson heartland of Sussex}{\insrsid12807907  may be}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14973254  the }{\insrsid12807907 Countess}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14973254 . In five }{\insrsid12807907 cases}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14973254 
SUS 9,78;80;96;}{\insrsid12807907 100-101}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14973254  }{\insrsid12807907 she}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14973254  }{\insrsid12807907 had other manors in vill concerned where her title is given, in some of }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14973254 these }{\insrsid12807907 being}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14973254  succeeded by a tenant with the uncommon name of Reinbert}{\insrsid12807907 , which suggests that the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13175280 God}{
\insrsid12807907  at Mountfield and }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13175280 Godo}{\insrsid12807907  at Chalvington}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 9,22;115}}}{\insrsid12807907 , whose manors were acquired by Reinbert, may be the Countess}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14973254 . }{
\insrsid12807907 T}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14973254 wo }{\insrsid12807907 other manors are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14973254  substantial}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 9,23. 10,42}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14973254  and close to other}{\insrsid12807907 s of her}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14973254 s. Only Birchgrove}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 10,110}}}{\insrsid12807907 , where}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14973254  the holding is tiny and somewhat isolated from the }{\insrsid12807907 remainder,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14973254  is }{\insrsid12807907 particularly}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14973254  doubtful. Even }{
\insrsid12807907 t}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14973254 here, however, the holding }{\insrsid12807907 is }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14973254 freehold }{\insrsid12807907 held directly }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14973254 from the C}{\insrsid12807907 
rown, and Countess had tiny holdings elsewhere in the county.
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907 \tab Outside Sussex, she is usually accorded her title; but i}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14973254 n Devon, the }{\insrsid12807907 unidentified }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14973254 Goda who preceded Ralph of F}{\insrsid12807907 o}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14973254 ug\'e8res }{\insrsid12807907 may be}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14973254  }{\insrsid12807907 the Countess}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 33,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14973254 , }{\insrsid12807907 Ralph being her}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14973254  predecessor }{
\insrsid12807907 on manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14973254 in Buckinghamshire and Surrey. In Gloucestershire, the }{\insrsid12807907 Countess}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14973254  is identified in the first entry on the fief}{\insrsid12807907  of}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14973254  Sigar of Chocques}{\insrsid12807907  and so is very probably the Goda from whom he acquired the remainder of the fief}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 72,1-3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Elsewhere, the scribe has attributed to her manors which more probably belonged to Countesses Godiva or Gytha (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13175280 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ). Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13705682 English nobility}{
\insrsid12807907 , does not include the Countess in his lists; had he done so, she would have ranked among the top twenty in wealth among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 
the nobility, or raised her family from twenty-sixth to thirteenth place. Her lands are discussed by Williams, 'The king's nephew, pp. 331-32, who does not identify her with the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13705682 God}{\insrsid12807907  or }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13705682 Godo}{\i\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907 of Sussex, or the Goda in Devon.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GODE }{\insrsid12807907 [* MOTHER OF WULFRIC *]}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 If Countess Goda is discounted, the name Goda/Gode and variants occurs fifteen times in the adjacent counties of Huntingdonshire, Hertfordshire and Cambridgeshire, but only once more}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
OXF }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8608478 58,21}}}{\insrsid12807907  in the remaining thirteen counties of circuits four, five and six. Apart from this 
skewed distribution, there are grounds for suspecting that all fifteen names refer to one woman, Gode, who shared a holding with Wulfric at Woolley in Huntingdonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HUN 19,21}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; she is almost certainly the }
{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8608478 Golde}{\insrsid12807907  who held the remainder of Woolley with her son Wulfric}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HUN 29,5}}}{\insrsid12807907 , although }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8608478 Golde}{\insrsid12807907  is recognised as a different name: }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid15150746 von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid12807907 Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1604828 , p}{\insrsid12807907 . 273.
\par \tab Gode's five manors at Broadfield, Corneybury, Hoddesdon and Welwyn in Hertfordshire devolved upon five different tenants-in-chief; but since her name is uncommon and the overlord in four cases was Queen Edith}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 18,1. 32,2. 34,4. 42,7}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , and in the fifth the queen's husband}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 17,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 , it is likely that all five}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  predecessor}{\insrsid12807907 
s are one woman. Other links provide some confirmation. Two of the manors are in the same vill, Hoddesdon; King Edward's manor at Corneybury}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is }{\insrsid12807907 a couple of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{
\insrsid12807907 miles from Queen Edith's at Broadfield; and Welwyn was held from Queen Edith by Gode and her son. The son is unnamed; but widows sharing with their sons are a sufficiently rare phenomenon to identify the Hertfordshire
 Gode as Wulfric's mother with a degree of confidence.
\par \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1604828 Between Gode}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8608478 's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1604828  manors }{\insrsid12807907 in Hertfordshire and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1604828  }{\insrsid12807907 Huntingdonshire }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid1604828 lay a tight cluster of }{\insrsid12807907 eight }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1604828 manors in Cambridgeshire}{\insrsid12807907 , seven of them}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1604828  held by a }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8608478 Goda}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1604828  from Earl Algar}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1604828 CAM 13,1-}{\insrsid12807907 2;4-7. 26,22}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1604828 , and another from Edeva}{
\insrsid12807907  the fair}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 14,53}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Six d
evolved upon Earl Roger of Shrewsbury. Several of them - Shingay, Meldreth, Papworth - were substantial manors, appropriate to a magnate of regional standing. Their status, geographical concentration and tenurial links strongly suggest they were held by o
n
e person; and their situation between those in Huntingdonshire and Hertfordshire suggests that person is Gode of Woolley. One further clue points to this conclusion. Gode's successor at Broadfield in Hertfordshire was Earl Roger of Shrewsbury, who acquire
d
 the bulk of her Cambridgeshire manors. This insignificant property was the earl's only manor in Hertfordshire, perhaps acquired as a designated successor to Wulfric's mother. If these deductions are valid, she was one of the richer women in Domesday Book
, with lands valued at approximately \'a345, which would rank her very comfortably among the hundred wealthiest untitled landowners in Anglo-Saxon England if recorded in Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8608478 English nobility}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 32-33. She survived on land at Woolley worth \'a33, sharing it with her son. Her tenancy is recorded}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11210495  }{\insrsid12807907 in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907 
 (no. 6158) and referenced in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11352544 Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid12807907 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 233, under the name }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4881210 Golde}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GODEBOLD}{\expnd1\expndtw7\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 .}{\expnd1\expndtw7\cf1\insrsid12807907  Godebold is an uncommon name which occurs on two fiefs and a dozen other manors, }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 distributed among }{\expnd1\expndtw7\cf1\insrsid12807907 six counties and the lands of four tenants-in-chief and two tenants of Earl Roger of Shrewsbury, perhaps borne by four men, one of them a pre-Conquest landowner.}{
\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GODEBOLD }{\insrsid12807907 [* FATHER OF ROBERT *].}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 The Godebolds who held Hockley, Notley and Nayland in Essex from Swein of Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 24,19;45;57}}}{
\insrsid12807907  are probably the father of Robert son of Godebold, who founded Little Horkesley priory. Godebold, described in a Westminster charter as a 'baron' of Swein, witnessed a grant by the abbey on the occasion of Swein's burial: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4079075 Early charters of Essex}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 41-42. Swein's tenant is the only Godebold in Little Domesday or adjacent counties. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 1849)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  216.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GODEBOLD}{\insrsid12807907  <OF BRICKHILL>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Godebold}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  who held }{\insrsid12807907 
a hide at Brickhill in Buckinghamshire in 1066}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 14,48}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is the only pre-Conquest lord of this name, a name apparently unknown in Anglo-Saxon England: von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11079062 
Pre-Conquest personal names,}{\insrsid12807907  p. 263. He has no links with his post-Conquest namesakes.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GODEBOLD [* THE BOWMAN *]. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Godebold}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  who held a small fief in Devon}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 is identified as Godebold the bowman in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Exon.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 on the second of his manors there}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 47,1-15}}}{\insrsid12807907 : }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4079075 Devonshire Domesday}{\insrsid12807907 , ii. 1098-99, 1110-11. As the name is rare, he may be the one other Godebold with a fief, consisting of a single manor in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 43,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Possibly also, though less certainly, he is the Godebold who held two manors from William son of Ansculf in Berkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 22,8. 65,18}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, as suggested by Dr Keats-Rohan. Godebold's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 801)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 
referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 216; the Berkshire Godebold is identified as another man (no. 12174), with a note that he may be the bowman.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GODEBOLD [* THE PRIEST *]. }{\insrsid12807907 
The Godebolds who held three manors from St Alkmund's of Shrewsbury, and Lack from Earl Roger in Shropshire, are almost certainly Godebold the priest, tenant of St Alkmund at Lilleshall}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 3g,3;5-6;8. 4,27,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 , witn
ess to the earl's foundation charter for Shrewsbury abbey and, according to Orderic Vitalis (ii. 262-63), one of three learned clerks in the earl's household: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid481450 Cartulary of Shrewsbury abbey}{\insrsid12807907 
, i. 33. As the name is uncommon, he may also be the subtenant of the earl at Preen}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,21,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 . These are the only Godebolds in the border counties, or those adjacent to them. Godebold's manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 3765)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  216-17.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GODFREY [* OF VAUTORTES *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Geoffrey of Vautortes appears in the Geld Roll for Devon in place of Reginald of Vautortes (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6978521 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
), who held Fardel in Devon from the Count of Mortain according to the Domesday text}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 15,67}}}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6978521 Devonshire Domesday}{\insrsid12807907 
, i. p. xliv. Reginald was an important tenant of the Count, but the Count has no other tenant named Godfrey, and none of the half-dozen Godfreys in Devon have links to him.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8859048 GODGYTH}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Godgyth is an uncommon name which occurs}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 
seventeen times, distributed among five counties between Essex and Cheshire and the lands of the king and six of his tenants-in-chief, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 with a small cluster in Cheshire and a larger one in }{\insrsid12807907 
the adjacent counties of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Hertfordshire and Essex}{\insrsid12807907 ; one Godgyth being a survivor.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \cbpat8 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GODGYTH <OF ALBRIGHTON>. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8717940 Godgyth}{\insrsid12807907 , whose}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid8717940  modest }{\insrsid12807907 holding at Albrighton in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8717940 Shropshire }{\insrsid12807907 was acquired by Norman the hunter}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,25,6}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid8717940  }{\insrsid12807907 has no links with her namesakes.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GODGYTH <OF MIDDLETON>. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8717940 Godgyth}{\insrsid12807907 , whose}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid8741961  }{\insrsid12807907 small}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8741961  property}{\insrsid12807907  at Middleton in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8741961 Derbyshire}{\insrsid12807907  valued at six shillings was retained by the king}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
DBY 1,34}}}{\insrsid12807907 , has no links with other Godgyths.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GODGYTH <OF THORLEY>. }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare and its distribution skewed, it is likely that m}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ost if not all of the }{\insrsid12807907 cluster of manors}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in Hertfordshire and Essex were held by }{\insrsid12807907 one}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Godgyth}{\insrsid12807907 , a free woman }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 who}{\insrsid12807907  held the valuable}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 manor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Thorley}{\insrsid12807907  in Hertfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 33,18}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{
\insrsid12807907 She was the man of Esger the constable (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6301028 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ) on her six demesne holdings in that county. Of the four acquired by Count Eustace of Boulogne}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 17,6-7;10;14}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, one lay in Hoddesdon, where another of her manors devolved upon Geoffrey de Mandeville, who also acquired Thorley and the nearby manor of Wickham, held by one of her men}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 33,13;18-19}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. The remaining property, held by another of her men and acquired by the bishop of London, was at Thorley}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HRT 4,23}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, where the bishop claimed he had bought her other manor, that acquired by Geoffrey de Mandeville}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 4,23. 33,18}}}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Of the three }{\insrsid12807907 Essex manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , that of Geoffrey de Mandeville }{\insrsid12807907 at Hallingbury}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 30,26}}}{\insrsid12807907 , }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 almost certainly belonged to Godgyth }{\insrsid12807907 of Thorley }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 since, apart from the tenurial link, it is }{\insrsid12807907 less than}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 three miles from Thorley}{\insrsid12807907 , just }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 across the county border. The identity of the others is }{\insrsid12807907 less }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
certain as there are no apparent links; but three individuals of this name in south-west Essex seems }{\insrsid12807907 improbable}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  when the name is rare elsewhere. }{\insrsid12807907 
Of the two, the Godgyth of Norton Mandeville}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 5,6}}}{\insrsid12807907  is likely to be Geoffrey's predecessor. The surname of the vill suggests this; and although it had been argued that the surname originates at a la
ter date and does not signify an early Mandeville interest, it would be an extraordinary coincidence if another Godgyth held land in a vill which later acquired a connection with the predecessor of Godgyth of Thorley, the name being rare. The concurrent s
uggestion that Godgyth }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 is a scribal error for Godhild}{\insrsid12807907  (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16084804 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 )}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , who }{\insrsid12807907 had another holding}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in the vill from Haimo the steward}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 28,16}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is an }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 unnecessary hypothesis}{\insrsid12807907 , given that }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Godgyth is attested in the county: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VCH Essex,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  iv. 151}{\insrsid12807907 -52}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , 179. }{\insrsid12807907 Like }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Norton}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Basildon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 24,8}}}{\insrsid12807907  is a free holding}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , appropriate to the status of Godgyth of Thorley}{
\insrsid12807907 . Finally, she is likely to be the Godgyth who had '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15077876 2 houses and 14 acres}{\insrsid12807907 ' in Colchester}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS B3a}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, evidently a wealthy woman, though in this case the date to which the entry refers is, on the face of it, 1086, though this is also true of may urban holdings where a 1066 tenure may reasonably be suspected}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{
\insrsid12807907 It i}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 s perhaps more likely than not that Godgyth of Thorley}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 held }{\insrsid12807907 this with the other three Essex properties}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GODGYTH <OF WARFORD>. }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
As the name is rare and its distribution skewed, it is probable that the four }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8717940 Godgyth}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15026591 s}{\insrsid12807907  in Cheshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6301028 CHS 20,5}{
\insrsid12807907 ;7-8;12}}}{\insrsid12807907 , all of whose manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15026591 devolved upon }{\insrsid12807907 Ranulf of Mainwaring, are one}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15026591  }{\insrsid12807907 woman. Warford, '}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid9335142 C}{\insrsid12807907 hapmonswiche' and Ollerton}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  are adjacent to each other}{\insrsid12807907 , Tetton}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 twelve}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 further south}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . She is the only Godgyth to survive until 1086,}{\insrsid12807907  retaining her three-}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 shilling holding at Warford as Ranulf's tenant. Warford is assigned to Ranulf's demesne in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GOD}{\insrsid12807907 HILD}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  <OF }{\insrsid12807907 GREENSTED}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 It is likely that all four Godhilds in Domesday
 Book are the same woman, a predecessor of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14367559 Haimo the sheriff}{\insrsid12807907  on three holdings in Essex, including the substantial manor of Greensted}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14367559 28,13-14;16}}}{
\insrsid12807907 . The fourth manor, at Wateringbury in Kent}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 5,98}}}{\insrsid12807907 , of the same value as Greensted, was acquired by the bishop of Bayeux. Haimo 
was sheriff in Kent and a tenant of the bishop there, so the link, though indirect, is perhaps sufficient in view of the rarity of the name and the status of the manors, to suggest that the Godhilds in both counties are the same woman.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid14373831 
GODIVA. The distribution of the name Godiva is skewed, the majority - and the only concentration - clustering in the adjacent countie
s of Derbyshire, Nottinghamshire, Leicestershire, Warwickshire, Worcestershire, Shropshire and Staffordshire in the north-west Midlands. This is }{\insrsid12807907 Mercian}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14373831  territory, where Godiva is }{\insrsid12807907 
named}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14373831  as the }{\insrsid12807907 Countess}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14373831  in most cases. Outside this area, the name Godiva is not particularly common, occurring fewer than twenty times}{\insrsid12807907 
, distributed among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14373831  nine counties and }{\insrsid12807907 the lands of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14373831 fifteen tenants-in-chief, }{\insrsid12807907 suggesting}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14373831 
 a preponderance of minor landowners.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 [* COUNTESS *] GODIVA. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5732953 Countess Godiva}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5732953 
 wife of Earl Leofric of Mercia, mother of Earl Algar and grandmother of Earls Edwin and Morcar}{\insrsid12807907 , is the Lady Godiva who rode naked through the stree
ts of Coventry according to thirteenth-century legend. Her title is supplied on manors in Worcestershire, Leicestershire, Warwickshire, Staffordshire, Shropshire and Nottinghamshire. Elsewhere, she is almost certainly the Countess Goda who held Appleby Ma
gna in Derbyshire from Burton abbey}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 3,2}}}{\insrsid12807907  since she held the other part of the vill}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 11,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and had close relations with Burton abbey, while Goda had no land or men north of Lavendon in Buckinghamshire; Stenton describes her name in this entry as 'merely a contracted f
orm' of Godiva: 'Domesday survey of Leicestershire', p. 290. She very probably held Essington is Staffordshire, misplaced in the Warwickshire folios}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 27,6}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, where no pre-Conquest lord is named. If not a duplicate of her manor in the Staffordshire folios}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 22,12}}}{\insrsid12807907 , it is the other half of the vill. T}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5732953 here are few }{\insrsid12807907 
other unidentified}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5732953  Godivas who}{\insrsid12807907 se holdings}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5732953  might be suspected of be}{\insrsid12807907 long}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5732953 ing }{\insrsid12807907 to }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid5732953 the }{\insrsid12807907 Countess}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5732953 . Of those which lay within }{\insrsid12807907 Mercian}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5732953  territory, }{\insrsid12807907 Godiva}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid5732953  at Furtho }{\insrsid12807907 in Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 18,34}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5732953  }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5732953  a modest}{\insrsid12807907 , shared
}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5732953  holding, remote from others and without tenurial associations. Newton }{\insrsid12807907 in Warwickshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 17,42}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 is more likely to have been hers.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5732953  }{\insrsid12807907 Godiva was succeeded there by an Aldgyth, conceivably her granddaughter, Aldgyth wife of Gruffydd (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11564255 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
). This would strengthen an identification; but, irrespective of Aldgyth's identity, Godiva may be the Countess, all other Godivas in the county being the Lady.
\par \tab Professor Meyer identifies the Godiva who held land acquired by Earl Roger and Robert of Stafford in Staffordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 8,21. 11,4;13;23;37;42}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, and by Roger of Poitou at Melling in Lancashire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS R1,33}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, as Lady Godiva: 'Women's estates', p. 121. The Staffordshire manors, however, are more likely to have been held by another woman, Godiva of Madeley; and although the Leofricsons dominated Cheshire, they held nothing in Lancashire and t
he holding there is too small and remote to be safely assigned to the Countess. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 A list of }{\insrsid12807907 Lady Godiva's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  manor}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 
 is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11564255 English nobility}{\i\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 pp. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5732953 217-18}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 , }{\insrsid12807907 which}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  }{\insrsid12807907 does not include Newton but adds a waste virgate at Cauldon in Staffordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11564255 STS 11,4}}}{
\insrsid12807907  and Melling in Lancashire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS R1,33}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. She would be ranked forty-first among the nobility by Dr Clarke, but is omitted from his table (p. 14). Her estates are also discussed by Dr Baxter, who does not include those in Staffordshire and Lancashire: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11564255 
Earls of Mercia}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 127, 160, 172, 180, 183, 291, 309, 314. She is listed in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 3505) and in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12781161 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907 
, p. 218, with a note that fiefs entered under her name in Leicestershire and Warwickshire were escheats; she was dead before then.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GODIVA <OF MADELEY>. }{\insrsid12807907 The six unidentified Godivas in Staffordshire are probably one woman. Her manors cluster around Moddershall}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 8,21}}}{\insrsid12807907 , all but Moddershall 
itself devolving upon one tenant-in-chief, Robert of Stafford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 
{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1649437 11,4;13;23;37;42}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Moddershall was held by Earl Roger of Shrewsbury, who acquired the Shropshire manors of Lady Godiva, who has been identified as the Staffordshire Godiva: Meyer, 'Women's estates', p. 121. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11564255 However,}{\insrsid12807907 
 where she is given her title, her manors in Staffordshire devolved upon William son of Ansculf}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 12,5;21-22}}}{\insrsid12807907 , who also succeeded her in Warwickshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 27,6}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. These manors form a distinct group, twenty-five miles south of those around Moddershall. The Godiva at Cheswardine }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7488868 was bound to make a customary payment}{\insrsid12807907 , and at Madeley 'could not withdraw'}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS
 11,13;37}}}{\insrsid12807907 , a phrase which suggests an unnamed overlord, which is unlikely for the countess on a lay estate; these two Godivas have nevertheless been identified as the countess by another s
cholar: Slade, 'Domesday survey of Staffordshire', p. 7. However, none of the manors appear to have associations with Lady Godiva's family, though Robert of Stafford did acquire the large manor of Bradley from her grandson, Edwin}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
STS 11,6;67-68}}}{\insrsid12807907 : Baxter, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2708997 Earls of Mercia}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2708997 passim}{\insrsid12807907 
. It seems likely, therefore, that this cluster was held by another woman, here named after her principle manor. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7488868 Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11564255 English nobility}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7488868 , p. 218}{
\insrsid12807907 , assigns Cauldon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 11,4}}}{\insrsid12807907  to the Countess but not the remaining manors; Dr Baxter, none of them.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GODIVA <OF NORTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 Godiva, who shared a modest holding at Norton in Derbyshire acquired by Roger of Bully}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 16,6}}}{\insrsid12807907 , has no links with 
other Godivas. Roger had no other Godivas among his predecessors or tenants, and 'Scarsdale', where Norton lay, is not one of the wapentakes in which he received a block grant, so it is unlikely that Godiva is the Countess whose single manor he obtained o
n that basis: Fleming, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8066244 Kings and lords}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 162-64. Norton has no known Mercia associations; Godiva is not identified as the Countess by Baxter, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Earls of Mercia}{
\insrsid12807907 , p. 290.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GODIVA [* WIFE OF BRICTRIC *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Godivas who held the valuable manors of Torbryan and Dodbrooke in Devon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 52,52-53}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are probably Godiva wife of Brictric, who owed tax on a half-hide in Teignton Hundred: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1321414 Devonshire Domesday}{\insrsid12807907 
, i. p. xxxviii. Domesday Book records no land held by either a Godiva or Brictric which fits this description; but she is the only surviving Godiva in the county. At Torbryan, Brictric is described as 'her man' in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6717044 
Exon.}{\insrsid12807907 , so it is likely she is the Godiva who succeeded an unnamed husband at Mells in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 8,25}}}{\insrsid12807907 , the one other surviving Godiva in Domesday Book. Her manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{
\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 835)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  218, apart from Mells, whose tenant is unidentified (no. 14632).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GODRIC [* OF CALVERLEIGH *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Godric, who modest manors in Calverleigh and Bulworthy among the king's thanes in Devon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 52,20-21}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is named Godric of Calverleigh (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12781161 Calodelie}{\insrsid12807907 ) in the Geld Roll for Tiverton Hundred, where Calverleigh lay and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 where }{\insrsid12807907 
he owed tax on a half-virgate: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1321414 Devonshire Domesday}{\insrsid12807907 , i. p. xxiv. He is the only survivor of this name in Devon, with no apparent 
links to survivors in the adjacent counties of Dorset and Somerset or to the pre-Conquest Godrics in the county or elsewhere. On both manors he was preceded by an Almer, a combination which occurs nowhere else in Great Domesday as an identifying character
istic. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 808)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  221.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GODRIC [* OF COLCHESTER *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Godric, who held land and a church in Colchester and four hides in Greenstead attached to the town}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS B1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is almost certainly Godric of Colchester, who held land in East}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12781161  Donyland}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12781161 20,42}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 acquired by Count Eustace of Boulogne, who also obtained a quarter of his holding in Colchester.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8864714 GODRIC <OF HOUGHTON>. The three surviving Godrics in Leicestershire may be }{\insrsid12807907 one man. The sur
vivors at Loughborough and Burton probably are, both being tenants of Earl Hugh of Chester on holdings which are close to each other and are components of the same manor, Barrow}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 43,2;4}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. The earl had no other tenants of this name on his Honour. Less certainly, the survivor at Houghton, fourteen miles south-east of Barrow, acquired by Henry of Ferrers}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 14,16}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, may be the same Godric. There are a number of surviving Godrics in adjacent counties, including a tenant of Henry of Ferrers in Derbyshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 6,12}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; but the name is common 
and none of the manors distinguished by status or other characteristics other than those assigned to Godric of Shuttington. All three Leicestershire Godrics are unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907 
 (nos. 26365, 26677, 26680), as is the Derbyshire tenant (no. 32252).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8864714 GODRIC <OF }{\insrsid12807907 LAWTON}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8864714 >. }{\insrsid12807907 All Godrics in Cheshire may be one man. All but two of his fourteen manors form a fairly tight gro
up in the adjacent Hundreds of }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8406658 Hamestan}{\insrsid12807907  and Middlewich, nine of them forming the fief of Hugh }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8406658 son of Norman}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8406658 
11,1-8. 27,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Of the other three, Earl Hugh retained Marton in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8406658 Hamestan}{\cs23\i\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 1,28}}}{\insrsid12807907  with }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid8406658 Ollerton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 1,9}}}{\insrsid12807907 , a few miles to the north; }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8406658 Robert son of Hugh}{\insrsid12807907  acquired Cranage}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 2,31}}}{\insrsid12807907 , also in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8406658 Hamestan}{\insrsid12807907 ; and William Malbank obtained }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8406658 Hassall}{\insrsid12807907  in Middlewich Hundred}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 8,12}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, as well as the fourteenth manor, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8406658 Wilkesley}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 8,32}}}{\insrsid12807907 . }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8406658 Wilkesley}{\insrsid12807907 
 is almost twenty-five miles from the nearest of the other manors, but the tenurial link suggests it was held by the Godric on the other thirteen manors. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid488012 Sawyer}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid488012 
and Thacker}{\insrsid12807907  suggest that the Godric who held Talke and Audley in Staffordshire in 1066 is the same man, which is not unlikely, they being three and five miles respectively from one of Godric's Cheshire manors}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
STS 17,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8406658 13-14}}}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid488012 '}{\insrsid12807907 Domesday survey of Cheshire'}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid488012 , }{\insrsid12807907 p. 322. Godric may also have held Betley}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
STS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8406658 17,10}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, four miles from Audley. He is unlikely to be the any of the remaining Godrics in Staffordshire, tenants and in one case predecessor of Robert of Stafford and the abbey of Rheims; there are no indi
cations that the Cheshire Godric was among the many survivors in that county.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8406658 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GODRIC <OF SHUTTINGTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 
Seven of the eight }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13569439 Godric}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13569439  in Warwickshire }{\insrsid12807907 are probably one man}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13569439 . }{\insrsid12807907 These s}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid13569439 even occur on the fiefs of the Count of Meulan and Thorkil of Warwick, }{\insrsid12807907 which}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13569439  }{\insrsid12807907 share}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13569439  several tenants }{
\insrsid12807907 and predecessors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13569439 and includ}{\insrsid12807907 e}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13569439  a high proportion of English survivors}{\insrsid12807907 , Godrics among them on both fiefs}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid13569439 . }{\insrsid12807907 Four were survivors, tenants of the Count at Shuttington, Astley and 'Smercote'}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 16,23;42-43}}}{\insrsid12807907  and of Thorkil at Newton
}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
WAR 17,41}}}{\insrsid12807907 . At Shuttington, Godric retained his manor for two decades so he may be the pre-Conquest lord on the manors acquired by the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13569439  Count of Meulan}{\insrsid12807907 . Of these, }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid13569439 Se}{\insrsid12807907 ckingt}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13569439 on}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 16,25}}}{\insrsid12807907  is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13569439  adjacent to }{\insrsid12807907 
Shuttington, where the Count acquired a second manor held by Godric}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 16,22}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; and Minworth}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 17,4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13569439 
, though detached from the others, }{\insrsid12807907 is roughly}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13569439  equidistant from the two groups into which the }{\insrsid12807907 remaining manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13569439  f}{\insrsid12807907 a}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid13569439 ll, around }{\insrsid12807907 Shuttington }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13569439 and Astley. The eighth }{\insrsid12807907 manor, at Studley}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 29,5}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid13569439  devolved upon a different tenant-in-chief and was a considerabl}{\insrsid12807907 e distance away, so may have been held by}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13569439  a second Godric. }{\insrsid12807907 Godric's tenancies }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 4754)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  221, apart from Shuttington, whose tenant is unidentified (no. 28293).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GODRIC [* SON OF }{\insrsid12807907 EDEVA}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Godric, who held a modest manor in Burton in Lincolnshire acquired by Peter of Valognes}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 60,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is probably the lawman, Godric son of Edeva, who had }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12781161 full jurisdiction}{\insrsid12807907  in Lincoln to which Peter succeeded}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN C2-3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. His mother is probably Edeva wife of Topi (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12781161 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ), apparently the only Edeva in the county: Whitelock, }{\i\insrsid12807907 Anglo-Saxon wills}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 208, 211. Burton was a jurisdiction of Scampton, a manor of Ulf Fenman (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5400114 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
), who may be his brother; though a jurisdiction, 'there was a hall there, however'. If Godric's relations are correctly identifie
d, he may be the Godric who held land in any of the seventeen vills in which other members of the family were landowners; but there are several identified Godrics in the county and unidentified Godrics are numerous.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GODRIC [* SON OF FREDEGIS *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Godric, whose manors of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12781161 Costock}{\insrsid12807907  and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12781161 Gotham}{\insrsid12807907 
 in Nottinghamshire were acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12781161 Roger of Bully}{\insrsid12807907  and Saewin of Kingston}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 9,94. 30,24}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is p
robably Godric son of Fredegis, whose land in those vills was granted to St Cuthbert's of Durham at some time between 1086 and 1100: Bates, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1665671 Regesta}{\insrsid12807907 
, no. 116, p. 409. Godric's father probably held land in '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid946645 Warby'}{\insrsid12807907  so the Godric whose manor there was acquired by Roger of Bully may be his son}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 9,105. 16,8}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. His name is too common to be safely identified elsewhere.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GODRIC [* THE HUNTER *]. Godric}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held }{\insrsid12807907 a}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  virgate in Gillingham in Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 56,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  is }{\insrsid12807907 almost certainly }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Godric the hunter}{\insrsid12807907 , named}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in the }{\insrsid12807907 Geld Roll}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  for the Gillingham Hundred}{\insrsid12807907  (where he is the only Godric). He is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  perhaps }{\insrsid12807907 also }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 the Godric among the }{
\insrsid12807907 king's thanes}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in Badbury Hundred, where he was succeeded by another hunter, Godwin}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 56,27}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
. Two other Godrics held land among the }{\insrsid12807907 king's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  thanes in 1086, one identified in the }{\insrsid12807907 Geld Roll}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  as Godric the priest; the other}{\insrsid12807907 
, at Stourton Caundle}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 56,54}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 may be the hunter, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 whose }{\insrsid12807907 manor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 is closer and of similar status}{\insrsid12807907  -}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  three }{\insrsid12807907 such }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 survivors }{\insrsid12807907 seems }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 unlikely}{\insrsid12807907 : }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VCH Dorset}{\insrsid12807907 , iii. 53, 123, 141}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Godric the hunter }{\insrsid12807907 held}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Mere in Wiltshire}{\insrsid12807907  in 1086}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , just across the county border from Gillingham, }{\insrsid12807907 and probably Hartham,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the following entry, }{\insrsid12807907 where he}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 succeeded his father, a common occurrence among the proto-serjeanties of the }{\insrsid12807907 area}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 67,45-46}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 He may be the Godric who had another manor in the vill in 1066}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
WIL 27,22}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . The name, however, is too common to assign to him the nearby holdings of Weston and Todber }{\insrsid12807907 or others in those counties}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 26,1. 36,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{
\insrsid12807907  Godric's 1086 tenancies }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 1787)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced
}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  221, apart from Godric at Caundle, who is unidentified (no. 3039).
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par GODRIC [* THE PRIEST *]. Godric}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 who held five}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  hides at Brianspuddle}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 DOR 56,}{\insrsid12807907 
48}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  among the }{\insrsid12807907 king's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  thanes of Dorset}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  is }{\insrsid12807907 named}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 Godric the priest in the }{\insrsid12807907 Geld Roll}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  for Bere Hundred}{\insrsid12807907 , where }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Brianspuddle }{\insrsid12807907 lay}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 : }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VCH Dorset}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , iii. 134.}{\insrsid12807907  Two other survivors of this name in the county are identified as another Godric. Godric's manor is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{
\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 1764)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  221.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GODRIC [* THE SHERIFF *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Godric the sheriff of Berkshire and possibly of Buckinghamshire (Green, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12131596 English sheriffs}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 26, 28) is named several times in the Berkshire folios}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 1,26-27;32;37;42}}}{\insrsid12807907 , twice as predecessor of Henry of Ferrers}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 1,37. 21,13}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 who acquired Fifield, Hendred and Woolhampton from him}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 21,15;17;22}}}{\insrsid12807907 , so he is probably the Godric who preceded Ferrers}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Hendred}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
BRK 1,38}}}{\insrsid12807907 , on a second manor in Fifield, at Bagshot and Sparsholt}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 21,6;12;16}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and on the two manors which constituted his fief in Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 39,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. His official status and presence in Wiltshire suggest he may be the Godric who held Lydiard Millicent before the Conquest}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 1,21}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Lydiard is by a considerable margin the most substantial royal manor held by an unidentified Godric. He may also be the Godric whose manor of 
Shalstone in Buckinghamshire was acquired by the bishop of Bayeux, who succeeded the sheriff and one of his men at Weston Turville}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 4,5;30}}}{\insrsid12807907 . 
\par \tab Two miles from Weston, the bishop of Lincoln acquired the substantial manor of Buckland from Bishop Wulfwy's brother, Godric}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4725406 BUK 3a,2}}}{
\insrsid12807907 . The bishop also obtained respectable manors at Dean and Riseley in Bedfordshire from the royal thane, Godric}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5324410 BDF 4,1}{\insrsid12807907 
;3}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and a substantial manor at Denton in Huntingdonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7301605 HUN 2,5}{\insrsid12807907 . D8}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 from Godric. In Bedfordshire, one of the sheriff's men had another manor in Riseley}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 23,25}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and 'Godric, the sheriff's man' at Easton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 17,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 may well be a scribal error for the sheriff himself, Easton, Dean and Riseley being near each other in 'Stodden' Hundred: Abels, 'Introduction to the Bedfordshire Domesday', p. 32, note 213. In view of these asso
ciations, it is not unlikely that the bishop's predecessor in all three counties is the same man, his brother, who was also the sheriff of Berkshire. He may possibly be the Godric at Hemingford Abbots in Huntingdonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HUN }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid7301605 6,17}}}{\insrsid12807907 , a few miles from Easton, acquired 
by Ramsey abbey from the only Godric among its predecessors. Although the name is common, these are the only Godrics in either Bedfordshire or Huntingdonshire apart from a priest. On similar grounds, the eight Godrics in Leicestershire in 1066, all predec
essors of the bishop of Lincoln}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 3,5-}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4940312 10;12-13}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, may be him too. This Godric was succeeded on six of his manors by a Ralph, possibly the Ralph son of Osmund who succeeded Godric at Hemingford Abbots, providing another possible link, though slight, between the Godrics of B
edfordshire, Huntingdonshire and Lincolnshire. Bishop Wulfwy had another brother, Alwin, perhaps Alwin Devil (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8864714 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
), whose lands in Bedfordshire and Huntingdonshire were also added to the endowment of the bishopric of Lincoln. According to the Abingdon chronicle, Godric was killed at the battle of Hastings, though }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1381362 
Domesday Book records one of his misappropriations after that date}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 21,13}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1381362 : }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid1381362 Historia Ecclesie Abbendonensis}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid1381362 , }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 i.}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid1381362  201, 224-25.}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  His daughter was taught gold embroidery }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid15758115 at the king's expense}{
\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 
\tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 BUK 19,3}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid15758115 . }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15758115 A list of his manors is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15758115 English nobility, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15758115 
pp. 309-10, who ranks him eighty-second in wealth among untitled laymen; the additional manors }{\insrsid12807907 here attributed to bishop Wulfwy's brother (as sheriff) }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15758115 would raise him almost forty places}{
\insrsid12807907 .
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GODRIC [* THE STEWARD *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Godrics who managed many of the royal manors in Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 1,71-208}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 or were otherwise engaged in their affairs - too numerous to list here - are almost certainly Godric the steward, who also managed royal manors in Suffolk where he is accorded his title}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 1,61-95}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. He is probably the Godric who appears on ten other fiefs in Norfolk in 1086 - again, too numerous to list - there acting in a steward-like capacity in relation to royal manors or to the forfeiture of Earl Ralph Wader (}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8602935 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ), whom he may have served before his forfeiture, managing the earl's lands on behalf of the king thereafter}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5523090 NFK 66,81}}}{
\insrsid12807907  and consequently involved in disputes arising from their redistribution, notably on the fief of Roger Bigot.
\par \tab Godric the steward held land in his own right in 1086, though on a much lesser scale. He had fiefs in Norfolk and Suffolk, for the most part acquired from Edwin, who may be his uncle, whose will names some of these manors: Whitelock, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7867248 Anglo-Saxon wills}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 86-89, 19-201. Godric's brother, Ketil Alder (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7867248 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
), also bequeathed him land in Essex and Norfolk, though this was in other hands in 1086: Whitelock, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7867248 Anglo-Saxon wills}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 90-91, 198, 204. He also held the royal manor of Great Sampford in Essex '}
{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8602935 in the King's hand}{\insrsid12807907 s'}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 1,30}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Exning, in Suffolk but recorded in Cambridgeshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8602935 CAM 1,12}}}{
\insrsid12807907 . In East Anglia his identity was so apparent to the scribes that he is sometimes referred to simply as G the steward}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 7,9}}}{\insrsid12807907 , or simply G}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NFK 12,1;27}}}{\insrsid12807907 . He was the predecessor of Count Alan of Brittany at Foxley in Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 4,31}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, where the descent of his manor establishes that he is the same man as Count Alan's steward on the great manor of Gilling in Yorkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 6N1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, and his tenant on two manors in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 12,53-54;57}}}{\insrsid12807907 : Farrer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8602935 Honors}{\insrsid12807907 , iii. 102-110; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8602935 Early Yorkshire charters}{
\insrsid12807907 , v. 205-207. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6954145 Godric was later sheriff of Norfolk for William Rufus}{\insrsid12807907 ;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6954145  his}{\insrsid12807907  son, Ralph, was active under Henry I: Williams, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4204244 English and the Norman Conquest}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 108-109. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 281)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 219-21, apart from the Lincolnshire manors, whose tenants are unidentified (nos. 33436, 33440).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 [* EARL *] GODWIN. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2108095 Although}{\insrsid12807907  Godwin}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2108095  is }{\insrsid12807907 one of the most}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2108095  common }{
\insrsid12807907 names in Domesday Book}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2108095 , the }{\insrsid12807907 scribe appears to have been careful to identify the long-dead Earl Godwin by his title. There are only a handful of cases wh
ere he may have failed to do so. The earl is certainly the Godwin exiled with Harold in an entry in Herefordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 19,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 . The unidentified Godwin at Tilton in Sussex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 10,20-21}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 may be the earl, his son, Harold, having another manor in the same vill}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 9,43}}}{\insrsid12807907 . The substantial manors of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid225041 Sheffield}{\insrsid12807907  and Marden}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid225041 , held in freehold from the Crown}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid225041 SUS 10,111}{\insrsid12807907 . 11,38}}}{\insrsid12807907 , may also have been his, and Dr Clarke suggests
}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid225041  }{\insrsid12807907 that so was }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid225041 Mayfield}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 10,118}}}{\insrsid12807907 , the most valuable manor in Rotherfield Hundred other than Rotherfield itself, which was held by the earl}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14224565 . The }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14224565 Domesday Monachorum}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14224565  }{\insrsid12807907 (pp. 92-93) }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14224565 reveals that }{\insrsid12807907 he}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14224565  held the boroughs of Saltwood and}{\insrsid12807907  Langport in Kent}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 2,41;43}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, and he is almost certainly the Godwin who unjustly held the valuable archiepiscopal manor of Sundridge according to the same source}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 2,5}}}{\insrsid12807907 
; Domesday is silent on the pre-Conquest owners in all three cases. }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6717044 Exon.}{\insrsid12807907 
 also states that he is the Earl Edwin - who otherwise held nothing south of the Thames - who according to Domesday Book held the third part, 'or the third oak', of the royal manor of Burton Bradstock in Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 1,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 , later at
tached to Frampton, held in 1066 by Gytha, almost certainly Earl Godwin's wife}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 17,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par \tab In the counties in which the earl held land, there are a further five manors assessed at more than five hides or \'a35 held by unidentified Godwins, but insufficient information to associate them with the earl. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 
A list of }{\insrsid12807907 his}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  manor}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11564255 English nobility}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 , pp. }{
\insrsid12807907 164-69, which does not include the three manors recorded in the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14224565 Domesday Monachorum}{\insrsid12807907 , Chatham in Kent}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 5,89}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, or the valueless Staunton in Herefordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 1,74}}}{\insrsid12807907 . He attributes Tilton, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid225041 Sheffield}{\insrsid12807907  and Marden in Sussex to the earl (as here), and Woodchester in Gloucestershire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
GLS 1,63}}}{\insrsid12807907 , held by his wife, and Pembridge in Herefordshire, held by Harold}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 19,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 . He is ranked third in wealth among the nobility by Dr Clarke; the additional manors wou
ld not affect this. Baxter, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11538497 Earls of Mercia}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 129, supplies a higher estimate of his manorial income; the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6105212 Statistics}{\insrsid12807907  database total (\'a3
812) is somewhat higher still.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 G[ODWIN]}{\insrsid12807907  [* HEALFDENE *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . G}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 who 'also' held}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 Gnatingdon in Norfolk in 1066}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 61,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is probably Godwin Healfdene, }{\insrsid12807907 the tenant-in-chief there}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  twenty years later}{\insrsid12807907 
; there is no other plausible explanation of the abbreviation on this fief}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GODWIN <OF BARROWBY>. }{\insrsid12807907 The Godwins}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  from whom Robert Malet acquired his entire fief in Lincolnshire }{\insrsid12807907 are almost certainly one man}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , a significant landowner with two of the most substantial manors in Kesteven}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 58,1-8}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 
He is implicitly named as Robert's predecessor in the Lincolnshire Claims, which record that Robert ought to have land in Ingoldsby 'through Azur}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6887947 , his predecessor}{\insrsid12807907 '}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4603316 LI
N CK35}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Azur is not named in the relevant entry}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 58,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, which is a jurisdiction of Barrowby, Godwin's chief manor. Since Malet acquired his fief from Godwin, and nothing from Azur, it would appear that Godwin had replaced - or been replaced by - Azur.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6887947 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Most of }{\insrsid12807907 Robert Malet's acquisitions}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 outside Kesteven}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  lay in 'Winnibriggs' }{
\insrsid12807907 wapentake}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , where both Robert and Berengar of Tosny succeeded to three }{\insrsid12807907 manors of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 a Godwin, two of them in the same vill as one of Malet's, both of them fairly substantial}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 18,28;31. 19,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 T}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 hese Godwins, too, }{
\insrsid12807907 may be}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 Malet's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  predecessor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
. Additionally, three holdings acquired by Ivo Tallboys were in the jurisdiction of Barrowby, one of Malet's capital manors; and since no pre-Conquest owner is named, }{\insrsid12807907 he}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 is}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  presumably the Godwin of Barrowby}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 14,88-89;95}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Ivo also obtained two other holdings from }{\insrsid12807907 
a Godwin; but these were modest}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , shared with others, and at the other end of the county}{\insrsid12807907 , so}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 possibly}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  held b}{
\insrsid12807907 y another Godwin; the name is a common one.
\par \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Nei}{\insrsid12807907 ther Ivo or the Tosny}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 s acquired land from a Godwin outside Lincolnshire. Robert Malet, however, had }{\insrsid12807907 Godwins among his }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 predecessors in four counties. His one manor in Rutland had been held by a Godwin; and since }{\insrsid12807907 it}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 was reasonably endowed, no great distance away, and held by the only Godwin in the county, it is }{\insrsid12807907 more }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 likely }{\insrsid12807907 than not that this Godwin}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 was Robert's predecessor in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab RUT 3,10}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . In Essex and East Anglia}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Robert acquired a number}{\insrsid12807907 
 of valuable manors from Godwins}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , three of them with different bynames, }{\insrsid12807907 any one of whom might be}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the Lincolnshire Godwin - possib
ly Godwin son of Alfhere - rather than a fourth individual. However, several tenants-in-chief had three individually-named predecessors with this forename, even four would not be unique, so a connection with the Lincolnshire Godwin, though plausible, }{
\insrsid12807907 is insecure}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 A list of }{\insrsid12807907 Godwin's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  manor}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 
 is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 English }{\i\insrsid12807907 n}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 obility}{\i\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 pp. }{\insrsid12807907 311-12}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 , }{\insrsid12807907 which}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  }{\insrsid12807907 
includes only those acquired by Robert Malet. He suggests (pp. 131-32) that Godwin was the father, or at least the immediate predecessor, of Azur son of Svala (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6887947 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ),
 and ranks the pair ninetieth in wealth among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 untitled laymen; the additional manors attributed to them here would raise them two dozen places.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GODWIN [* OF *] BENFIELD. }{\insrsid12807907 Godwin Benfield}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 4,14. 20,11}}}{\insrsid12807907  or Godwin of Benfield}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 4,18-19. 20,3;12}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, whose men in Hertfordshire were acquired by the bishop of London and Robert Gernon, appears to be a lord of several men without demesne land of his own in the county. There is a Benfield in Sussex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11822180 SUS 12,22}}}{
\insrsid12807907 ; but it is more likely that Benfield (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11757325 Benefella}{\insrsid12807907 ) is a scribal error for Bentfield (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11757325 Benedfelda}{\insrsid12807907 
), Bentfield Bury being a valuable manor of Robert Gernon in Essex, where he was preceded by an anonymous free man who may well be Godwin}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 32,19}}}{\insrsid12807907 , who is once named Godwin }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11757325 de Benedfelle}{\cs23\i\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 4,19}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Godwin may also be Gernon's predecessor on his even more valuable of Wormingfield and perhaps Culvert's Farm}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 32,24;36}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. The bishop of London was also preceded by a Godwin on a respectable manor at Little Burstead and a lesser one at Horndon-on-the-Hill in the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 4,8;10}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, and on a substantial manor in Stepney}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab MDX 3,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 , where he is the only Godwin in the county, suggesting he is the same Godwin. The bishop had no other predecessors or tenants named Godwin elsewhere on his
 Honour, nor perhaps did Robert Gernon (below).}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16652144 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 \tab Robert Gernon had predecessors in Hertfordshire named Godwin of Soulbury}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 20,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Godwin son of Wulfstan}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 20,9}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, and Godwin, Almer of Bennington}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3738485 's man}{\insrsid12807907 , at 'Woolwicks'}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 20,5}}}{\insrsid12807907 . All three are possibly Godwin of Benfield. Apart fr
om the tenurial link, the Godwins of Benfield, Soulbury and 'Woolwicks' each held land in Broadwater Hundred, 'Woolwicks' lying in Stevenage, adjacent to Godwin of Benfield's holding at Graveley. If these three Godwins are the same man, then they can prob
ably also be identified with Godwin of Letchworth, an overlord at }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4588028 Willian}{\insrsid12807907 , also in Broadwater Hundred}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4588028 HRT 34,7}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , where Godwin of Soulbury held the valuable manor of Letchworth}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 20,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 , adjacent to Willian. As Godwin of Benfield, Godwin of Letchworth and Godwin son of Wulfs
tan were all overlords apparently without demesne land in the county, it is not unlikely they are the same man, who is possibly also Godwin of Soulbury, the one of the four with a manor of his own in Hertfordshire. It is otherwise difficult to understand,
 
as Round observed, 'what could have led Hertfordshire men to seek him [Godwin of Benfield] as a lord', an observation which applies equally to Godwin of Letchworth and Godwin son of Wulfstan: 'Domesday survey of Hertfordshire', p. 277. The scarcity of dem
e
sne holdings diminishes the possibility that the several bynames are an attempt by the scribe to distinguish different Godwins. To complicate matters further, Soulbury is in Buckinghamshire, where there are several Godwins with valuable manors, including 
men or thanes of the king and earls Harold and Leofwin, though the only Godwin at Soulbury itself is Godwin the beadle, who held a half-hide there in 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11822180 BUK 57,18}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , one of only two surviving Godwins in the county, the other a priest. It is conceivable that he is th
e pre-Conquest royal thane surviving on a fragment of his previous estate. Dr Abels suggests a somewhat different reconstruction of these identities: 'Introduction to the Hertfordshire Domesday', pp. 25-26, 30.
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GODWIN [* OF CHITTLEHAMPTON *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Godwins who held eleven consecutive manors among the king's thanes of Devon, said to be the same man on nine of them}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 52,11-19}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is 
probably Godwin of Chittlehampton, named in the Geld Roll for Axmouth Hundred where the last of these manors lay: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11866076 Devonshire Domesday}{\insrsid12807907 , i. p. xxxv. One of the other two manors}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
DEV 52,9-10}}}{\insrsid12807907  is Chittlehampton itself, the remaining manor being acquired from an Alstan who held all those not held Godwin himself in 1066. In Somerset, he is identified in the Geld Roll as the Godwin named in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6717044 Exon.}{\insrsid12807907  at Buckland St Mary}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 47,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11866076 VCH Somerset}{\insrsid12807907 
, i. 535. Godwin retained his manors of Chittlehampton, Holbrook and 'Down Umfraville' for two decades}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 52,10;18-19}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, so it is not unlikely that he is the Godwin at Ridgehill and at Draycott, both of whom survived on their manors during the same period, the only others Godwins in the south-western counties to do so}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 16,10. 47,15}}}{\insrsid12807907 
; at Draycott, Godwin is described as 'the Englishman in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10977214 Exon}{\insrsid12807907 . Other surviving Godwins in the two counties may be another man, Godwin the priest. Godwin's Devonshire manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 805)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  222, apart from Natson and Cheriton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 52,9;11}}}{\insrsid12807907 , whose tenants are unidenti
fied (nos. 4308, 4310). In Somerset, the Godwins at Ridgehill and Draycot are unidentified (nos. 14721, 15303); the Godwin at Buckland is not included in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11866076 Coel}{\insrsid12807907 
, where the manor is assigned to the demesne of the tenant-in-chief, Harding.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GODWIN [* OF HORMEAD *]. Godwin}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who }{\insrsid12807907 held the two manors which constituted the fief of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Prince Edgar}{
\insrsid12807907  in Hertfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 38,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907 , stated to be the same Godwin}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in the text}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 is}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 almost certainly}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Godwin of Hormead}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  a juror in 'Edwinstree' Hundred}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 where the fief lay: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis}{\insrsid12807907  (ed. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Hamilton, p. 100). }{\insrsid12807907 
Godwin's manors are valuable; there are no comparable tenancies held by a Godwin in Hertfordshire or adjacent counties, the nearest equivalent being Godwin of Shepshed in Leicestershire, with whom he has no apparent links. Godwin's manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 8934)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  222.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GODWIN <OF MUND}{\insrsid12807907 O}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 N>. }{\insrsid12807907 The Godwins who}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10048834  }{\insrsid12807907 preceded}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10048834 
 Eudo the steward }{\insrsid12807907 at Harlow, Mundon and Weeley}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10048834  in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 25,2;5;22}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10048834  }{\insrsid12807907 Eriswell and Chamberlain's Hall in }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid10048834 Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 28,1a;1b}}}{\insrsid12807907 , are described as royal thanes on two of the Essex manors and on that in Suffolk. Four of the manors are valuable}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10048834 , }{
\insrsid12807907 Weeley and Chamberlain's Hall being the two most valuable on Eudo's Honour in 1086, while Mundon and Eriswell ranked fifth and sixth. The one other royal thane named Godwin in the two counties, at Wickford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 24,10}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, held the most valuable of all the manors in 1066; he may be the same Godwin. Eudo acquired one other manor from a royal thane, at Braxted}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 25,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 . The thane is unnamed, but 
since the manor is valuable and Eudo acquired the lands of no other royal thanes in Essex or East Anglia, he too may be Godwin of Mundon. The name Godwin is so common that}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10048834  he }{\insrsid12807907 may have}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid10048834  held other manors which cannot be identified, the most likely being Ridgewell in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 20,23}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, as valuable as the most valuable of Eudo's manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10048834 .}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Ridgewell }{\insrsid12807907 was acquired by Count Eustace of Boulogne}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{
\insrsid12807907 along with the valuable manor of a Godwin at Witchingham}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 in Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 5,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 
; but, apart from the value of their manors, there are no links to indicate whether the predecessors of Eudo and Eustace are the same man. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 A list of }{\insrsid12807907 Godwin of Mundon's}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  manor}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 English }{\i\insrsid12807907 n}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 obility}{\i\insrsid12807907 , }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 p. }{\insrsid12807907 311}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 , }{\insrsid12807907 which}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  }{\insrsid12807907 does not include}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10048834  }{\insrsid12807907 
Braxted, Ridgewell or Wickford}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10048834 .}{\insrsid12807907  Dr Clarke ranks him eighty-fifth in wealth among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 
untitled laymen; the addition of Braxted would raise him a dozen places; either Ridgewell or Wickford another dozen.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par GODWIN <OF SHEPSHED>. Godwin, who held the substantial manor of Shepshed in Leicestershire from the king in 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10977214 LEC 1,10}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, 'also' held Dishley and farmed several other valuable royal manors, all apart from Shepshed previously held by Queen Edith}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 1,6-9}}}{\insrsid12807907 . The three 
other surviving Godwins in the county held manors of little value without discernible links to the royal farmer whose closest namesake with manors of comparable status is Godwin of Hormead in Hertfordshire. Godwin at Shepshed and Dishley is unidentified i
n }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10977214 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (nos. 26165-66); the manors he farmed are assigned to the royal demesne.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10977214 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GODWIN <OF TISSINGTON>. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 The eight Godwins in Derbyshire}{\insrsid12807907 , all}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  predecessor}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 of Henry of Ferrers}{\insrsid12807907 , are probably one}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  man. }{\insrsid12807907 
Although Dr Fleming's thesis might suggest that Henry acquired the manors as part of the grant of the bulk of the wapentakes concerned, there are enough connections between them to suggest they were held by one man: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13449076 
Kings and lords}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 151-52, 164-65. Barrow is adjacent to Stenson}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 6,82;87}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and Kedleston close to Ireton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 6,80;92}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, while Godwin shared Tissington and Hartington}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 6,7;9}}}{\insrsid12807907  with an Ulfkil, and Kedleston and Barrow with a Wulfsi}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 6,80;82}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Of the r
emainder, Yeldersley}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 6,45}}}{\insrsid12807907  lay between Tissington and Kedleston, only Hoon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 6,47}}}{\insrsid12807907  is detached from all the others. The interpretation of the place-name - }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2250694 
Hoge}{\insrsid12807907  - is, however, uncertain; and if it is Houghpark, as suggested in the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9705115 Place-}{\i\insrsid12807907 n}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9705115 ames of Derbyshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9705115  }{
\insrsid12807907 (}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9705115 ii}{\insrsid12807907 i.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9705115  574}{\insrsid12807907 ), then it is adjacent to Yeldersley.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4984231 GODWIN }{\insrsid12807907 <OF WORTHY>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4984231 . }{\insrsid12807907 The predecessors of Bernard Pancevolt on five manors in Ha
mpshire, another in Wiltshire, and three houses in Southampton are very probably the same Godwin, despite the ubiquity of this name, the manors comprising all those held by Bernard in chief}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8067036 39,1-5}{
\insrsid12807907 . S2. WIL 46,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Most cluster around the head of Southampton Water, probably serv
ing a strategic function. Two are valuable, the most valuable held by unidentified Godwins in Hampshire. He may well therefore have held others, though his name is too common to identify them with confidence; the most likely candidates are the predecessor
s of Hugh of Port, several of whose manors are intermixed with those of Godwin of Worthy.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8067036 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GODWIN [* }{\insrsid12807907 SON OF}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  *]}{\insrsid12807907  AELFGYTH}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 
Godwin Aelfgyth, man of Wigot, whose manor of Dawley in Middlesex was acquired by Earl Roger of Shrewsbury}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab MDX 7,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is presumably Godwin son of Aelfgyth. Wigot had no other men named Godwin, and Earl Roger no such predecessors or tenants; but Dr Williams points out that Robert d'Oilly, one of Wigot's principal successors, acquired the land of an Aelfgyth (}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15280851 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ) in Oakley in Buckinghamshire: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15280851 World before Domesday}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 120, 206 and note 151. As the name is rare, these links suggest she may well be Godwin's mother.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GODWIN [* SON OF ALFHERE *]. Godwin son of Alfhere was a predecessor of Robert Malet}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 in Suffolk, }{\insrsid12807907 where he held}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 the }{\insrsid12807907 valuable}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  manors of Edwardstone}{\insrsid12807907 , Belstead and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Playford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SUF 6,1-2;}{
\insrsid12807907 26-27;112-113}}}{\insrsid12807907  among others; he may be the Godwin, or simply G, who held Thorpe Hall, Rushmere and Tuddenham, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 subinfeudated to tenants who were granted }{\insrsid12807907 other}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  manors}{\insrsid12807907  of Alfhere's son, and also the Godwin on the valuable manor of Bedfield, a few miles from Thorpe Hall}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SUF 6,}{\insrsid12807907 
12;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 114;116;120}{\insrsid12807907 ;307}}}{\insrsid12807907 . He is likely to be the Godwin who held t}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 hree of the four }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 which constituted the }{\insrsid12807907 Malet }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 fief in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 44,1-2;4}}}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 just across the border from}{\insrsid12807907  }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Edwardstone}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the}{\insrsid12807907 se also being}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  subinfeudated to tenants who were granted some of his Suffolk manors}{
\insrsid12807907 .}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  In Norfolk, the one Godwin who preceded Robert Malet }{\insrsid12807907 - }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 at Glosthorpe and its dependency}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 7,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{
\insrsid12807907 - is possibly Alfhere's son}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\insrsid12807907 though the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 potential }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 link}{\insrsid12807907  - Godwin's father -}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 is tenuous. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Alfhere}{\insrsid12807907  may}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  have been dead before 1066, 
and he is not explicitly associated with his son in Domesday Book}{\insrsid12807907 ; but the name is not a common one, and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 an Alfhere was a substantial landholder in Norfolk, with a group of three valuable }{
\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in Wayland Hundred}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 1,135. 49,3-4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and possibly others in the adjacent Hundreds of 'Launditch' and South Greenhoe}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NFK 1,77. 27,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , the latter pair some ten miles from Glosthorpe. Finally, it is just possible that Godwin son of Alfhere is the same Godwin as Robert Malet's prede}{\insrsid12807907 cessor in Lincolnshire, Godwin }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid3760958 of Barrowby}{\insrsid12807907 , though not so-identified here: Hart, 'William Malet and his family', p. 141; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3760958 Early charters of eastern England}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3760958 , p. 66.
}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2954097 GODWIN [* SON OF TOKI *]. Godwin}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2954097  who held Shipmeadow in Suffolk from Roger Bigot}{\insrsid12807907 , may be }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2954097 Godwin son of Toki}{
\insrsid12807907 , who held the previous manor from him and preceded him there and at Stoven}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2954097  in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2954097 SUF 7,}{\insrsid12807907 
22;47-}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2954097 48}}}{\insrsid12807907  and at Woodton in Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2954097 NFK 29,9}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 He may have held other manors since m}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ost }{\insrsid12807907 of the tena
nts and some of the predecessors named Godwin in East Anglia were tenants or predecessors of Roger Bigot; but they include a son of Algar and a Godwin the priest, and the name is common. Godwin's tenancies }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{
\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 496)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  224.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2954097 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 GODWIN [* }{\insrsid12807907 THE NOBLE}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Godwin, Earl Waltheof's man, who held Oakington and Over in Cambridgeshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 41,13-14}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is named Godwin }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14427076 scild}{\insrsid12807907  in the second of these entries in the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14427076 Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14427076  (ed. Hamilton, p. 92)}{
\insrsid12807907 , sometimes translated 'Shield' but more probably }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14427076 cild}{\insrsid12807907 , or noble, in this case. Godwin the noble or his men held several other manors in the county according to Domesday}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
CAM }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14427076 14,1;80. 18,3. 35,2}}}{\insrsid12807907  or the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14427076 Inquisitio}{\cs23\i\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 14,6}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, including the very valuable manor of Fulbourn}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 14,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , which makes it not unlikely that he is the juror of Fleamdyke Hundred named as Godwin of Fulbourn and Godwin Nabson in the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14427076 
Inquisitio}{\i\insrsid12807907  Eliensis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9773238  and }{\insrsid12807907 the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14427076 Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14427076  }{\insrsid12807907 respectively (}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14427076 ed. Hamilton, }{\insrsid12807907 pp. 25, 98). He is possibly also Godwin of Linacre (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14427076 Inquisitio}{\insrsid12807907 
, p. 28), Linacre being in the parish of Horseheath where Godwin the noble had another manor}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 14,6. 26,9}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; and he may be the Godwy who held land in Whitwell under Edeva the fair}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 14,43}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, the overlord of the noble Godwin at Fulbourn and other manors. Apart from his role as juror, there is no other indication that Godwin survived until 1086; but it is not uncommon for English jurors to appear to
 be landless: Lewis, 'Domesday jurors', pp. 22-32, 41-44. No other noble Godwins are recorded in Domesday Book or the satellite texts; both Count Alan of Brittany and Countess Judith - who between them acquired most of his Cambridgeshire manors - had pred
ecessors and tenants named Godwin in other counties; but the name is common and none of these manors of distinctive status.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GODWIN [* }{\insrsid12807907 THE PRIEST}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Godwin, who held the valuable manor of Lavant in Sussex from Earl Godwin}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 11,5}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is probably the Godwin the priest, who held the even more valuable manors of Saddlescombe and Plumpton from the earl}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 12,33;42}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and Lavington}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUS 6,4}}}{\insrsid12807907  and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid214321 Farringdon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 5,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 from King Edward. Farrington belonged to the church of Bosham, to which Godwin may have been attached. Both Farrington and Lavington were acquired by the bishop of Exeter, who also held Bosham before and after the Conquest}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid214321 SUS 6,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Bosham, famously portrayed in the Bayeux Tapestry, was one of the wealthiest churches in the country. Godwin is perhaps also Godwin the priest, Harold's man, at Norton in Suffolk}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUF 7,122}}}{\insrsid12807907  and just possibly plain Godwin}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid279234 , Earl Harold's man}{\insrsid12807907 , at Wolverton in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 43,11}}}{\insrsid12807907 . The name, of cours
e, is a common one; but Wolverton is a substantial manor and Godwin the priest is recorded on two other manors in the county, on one of which he is described a priest of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid279234 Archbishop Stigand}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid279234 BUK 12,20}}}{\insrsid12807907 , an appropriate relationship for a prot\'e9g\'e9 of the Godwinsons. It i
s less likely he is Godwin the priest who occurs on other manors between Devon and Nottingham, modest or insignificant and without links with Earl Godwin's priest. That Godwin is probably the man who witnessed several charters with the earl in the 1050s: 
}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid214321 Charters of Abingdon}{\insrsid12807907 , ii. 559-66, 569-72; Barlow, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid214321 English Church}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 154-58. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 A list of }{\insrsid12807907 his
}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  manor}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 English }{\i\insrsid12807907 n}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 obility}{\i\insrsid12807907 , }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 pp. }{\insrsid12807907 310-11, which does not include those in Buckinghamshire and Suffolk. Dr Clarke ranks Godwin forty-seventh in wealth among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 
untitled landowners, one of the wealthiest clerks in the kingdom; the additional manors would raise him four places.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \cbpat8 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GODWIN [* UNCLE OF EARL RALPH *]. }{\insrsid12807907 
G, at Norwich, may be Godwin uncle of Earl Ralph Wader, named on two other royal manors, since he is named in the context of the earl and the premium due from the manor}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 1,61;144;185}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. He is probably also G uncle of Ralph at Field Dalling, and the Godwin succeeded by Earl Ralph at Burnham Thorpe}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 38,2-3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Earl Ralph is identified at Burnham as Earl Ralph junior - Ralph Wader - by the reference to his forfeiture: }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid1136753 Williams, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4204244 English and the Norman Conquest}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid1136753 , pp. 61-62.}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GODWIN [* WOODHEN *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Godwin, who 'took away' two places from Horndon-on-the-Hill in Essex}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
ESS 60,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is named Godwin Woodhen in the Annexations for the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 90,1-3}}}{\insrsid12807907 . He also held land at Barking from the abbey there}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 9,5}}}{\insrsid12807907 . His manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 173)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  222.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376 GOSPATRIC }{\insrsid12807907 [* SON OF ARNKETI}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376 L *]. }{\insrsid12807907 All Gospatrics in Domesday Book may be one man, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376 Gospatric son of }{
\insrsid12807907 Arnketil. The}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376  name occurs only in Yorkshire, where it appears in }{\insrsid12807907 more than a}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376  hundred }{\insrsid12807907 times,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376  
}{\insrsid12807907 all lacking a byname. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376 According to }{\insrsid12807907 Orderic}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376  Vitalis}{\insrsid12807907  (}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376 ii. 218-19), Gospatric's father }{
\insrsid12807907 Arnketil }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376 was 'the most powerf}{\insrsid12807907 ul of the Northumbrian nobles'}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376 . Despite }{\insrsid12807907 Arnketil's }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376 
involvement in the northern revolts of 1068 and 1069 and his exile, }{\insrsid12807907 his son }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376 was allowed to retain some of the fami
ly estates, perhaps the result of an impression made at court when he was a hostage for the good behaviour of his father after the revolt of 1068. Gospatric was the only English tenant-in-chief in Yorkshire in 1086, his fief comprising }{\insrsid12807907 
forty-one manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376 , all but one held by himself or by }{\insrsid12807907 Arnketil}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376  in 1066. }{\insrsid12807907 
He is evidently therefore the tenant of Count Alan of Brittany on twenty-one manors - too numerous to list here - held by himself or Arnketil in 1066. He may also be the Gospatric who held two manors among the king's thanes in both 1066 and 1086}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
YKS 29W47;49}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and perhaps the one other Gospatric of 1086, at East Heslerton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 29E22}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Most}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376  of these }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376  descended to the fief of the steward of the honour of Richmond, one of them being re-granted to Gospatric's grandson, Dolphin}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907 Early Yorkshire charters}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376 , v. 18, 28, 38, 123, 221, 285}{\insrsid12807907 ; }{\i\expnd1\expndtw7\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376 Charters of Mowbray}{\expnd1\expndtw7\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376 , no. 39}{
\expnd1\expndtw7\cf1\insrsid12807907 2, pp. 250-51}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par \tab The Gospatrics whose thirteen manors were acquired by Erneis of Buron are also identified as the son of Arnketil by their later history, being added to Gospatric's fief by Henry I for the benefit of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376 
Nigel of Aubigny}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 24W1-2;4-7;12-17;20}}}{\insrsid12807907 :}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376  }{\i\expnd1\expndtw7\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376 Charters of Mowbray}{\expnd1\expndtw7\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376 
, pp. xxii-iii, xxxix, }{\expnd1\expndtw7\cf1\insrsid12807907 7-}{\expnd1\expndtw7\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376 10, }{\expnd1\expndtw7\cf1\insrsid12807907 102-}{\expnd1\expndtw7\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376 103, 250-53; }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376 Williams, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4204244 English and the Norman Conquest}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376 , pp. 40, 68}{\insrsid12807907 
. This is also true of many of the manors of Gospatric on the king's fief. These, like}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376  }{\insrsid12807907 most}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376  other such }{\insrsid12807907 un}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376 
tenanted royal }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376 , }{\insrsid12807907 are }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376 
problematic due the terse nature of the entries: in very few cases is it stated whether the name is that of the landholder before 1066, in 1086, or at both dates. However, it is more likely that the nam
es are those of pre-Conquest landowners, as stated in the first }{\insrsid12807907 entry}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376  and a few others}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376 1N}{\insrsid12807907 
1;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376 5. 1W7}{\insrsid12807907 1;73}}}{\insrsid12807907  and indicated by the fact}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376  that all the tenant names are }{\insrsid12807907 English}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376 
 and none are explicitly stated to be holding }{\insrsid12807907 a}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376  }{\insrsid12807907 manor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376  in 1086. This does not preclude the possibility that some of the }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid7749293 pre-Conquest landowners }{\insrsid12807907 still }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376 held the}{\insrsid12807907 ir}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376  }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376 
 twenty years later, as appears to be the case with Gospatric at Thorpe le Willows (1N108), attributed to him as held in chief by the Yorkshire Summary (SN,Bi2). }{\insrsid12807907 This may be the case elsewhere si
nce many of Gospatric's twenty-two manors on the royal fief descended to those who acquired other manors of Arnketil's son}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 1N42;46;48-49;53-56;93;97;104}}}{\insrsid12807907 : }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7749293 VCH Yorkshire}{\insrsid12807907 , ii. 183-185; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2909030 Early Yorkshire families}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 1. Of the remainder, f}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376 
ive lay in vills in which Gospatric son of }{\insrsid12807907 Arnketil }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376 held }{\insrsid12807907 in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376  chief, and }{\insrsid12807907 another}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376  }{
\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376  adjacent to his manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 1N105-108. 1W42;54}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Two manors in 'Bulford' wapentake are within two miles of each other or of his manor of Harton
}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
YKS 1N94-96}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and Low Dalby in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7749293 Dic}{\insrsid12807907  wapentake is a similar distance from his manor at Thornton Dale}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 1N48;50}}}{\insrsid12807907 . The final two Gos
patrics on the king's fief held in lost vills in the same wapentakes}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 1N51;96}}}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par \tab Manors held by a Gospatric in 1066 were also acquired}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376  by Ilbert of Lacy}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376 Roger of Poitou}{\insrsid12807907 
 and the Count of Mortain. Ilbert's manor of Gipton with Colton is a few miles from several manors he acquired from an Arnketil who may be Gospatric's father}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 9W15;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376 
121;123;126;131;144}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; those of the Count of Mortain are near neighbours of other manors of Arnketil}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376 1N33;38-39}{
\insrsid12807907 . 5N28-29}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; and those of Roger are }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376 in Craven}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7749293 30W22}{\insrsid12807907 -23;30}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376 
 close to the heart of Gospatric's tenancy-in-chief}{\insrsid12807907 , one of them previously held by Erneis of Buron. Finally, of the urban holdings of Gospatric}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS C11;13;18}}}{\insrsid12807907 , two}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376  were acquired by Erneis of Buron from two Gospatrics, }{\insrsid12807907 perhaps}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376  Gospatric son of }{\insrsid12807907 Arnketil}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376  and his }{
\insrsid12807907 son Gospatric son of Gospatric. If all or most of these identifications are valid, Gospatric would rank comfortably among the fifty wealthiest landowners in 1066if listed in Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid73505 English nobility}{
\insrsid12807907 ; the addition of his father's manors could raise the family twenty or more places. Dr}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16590726  Williams}{\insrsid12807907  (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4204244 English and the Norman Conquest}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid16590726 , p. 99}{\insrsid12807907 ) calculates the total}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16590726  for Gospatric's assessed land as tenant-in-chief }{\insrsid12807907 as 145.5 carucates,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16590726 
 slightly less than the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16590726 Statistics}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16590726  database}{\insrsid12807907 
; he probably also held almost a hundred carucates as a tenant, his demesne holdings being slightly greater (though much less valuable) than those of Edward of Salisbury (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16590726 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 )}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid16590726 . Gospatric's tenancies are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16590726 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16590726  (no. 2448) and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 234-35}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par GOTI. Goti is a}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12596919  }{\insrsid12807907 rare}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12596919  }{\insrsid12807907 name which occurs}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12596919  }{\insrsid12807907 thirteen}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12596919  times}
{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12596919  distributed}{\insrsid12807907  among the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12596919  }{\insrsid12807907 five}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12596919  }{\insrsid12807907 adjacent }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12596919 counties}{\insrsid12807907  of Middlesex, Hertfordshire, Essex and East Anglia}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12596919  }{\insrsid12807907 and the lands of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12596919  }{\insrsid12807907 eight}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12596919  tenants-in-chief}{\insrsid12807907 , the majority on valuable manors.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GOTI <OF CHEDISTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 Goti, who held fifteen acres and half a plough team worth two shillings under the patronage of Edric of Laxfield at Chediston in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 7,15}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is almost a neighbour of Goti of Stambourne, whose manor of Freckenham is about nine miles to the north; he is possibly the same man.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GOTI <OF MOULTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 Goti, who shared 2 1/2 acres worth 2 1/2 pence at Moulton in Norfolk in 1066}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 65,13}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has no links with his namesakes.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GOTI <OF STAMBOURNE>. }{\insrsid12807907 
As the name is rare and its distribution restricted, it is likely that the thane of Earl Harold at Cockhampstead in Hertfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 17,13}}}{\insrsid12807907 , his Guard at 
East Bedfont and Feltham in Middlesex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab MDX 8,3-4}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and his man at }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7554303 Atelia}{\insrsid12807907  in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 28,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are the same Goti, who is probably also Earl Harold's thane, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7554303 Orthi}{\insrsid12807907 , at Freckenham in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 20,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, a name about which etymologists are uncertain but shown to be a scribal error by a bilingual royal writ concerning the Domesday manor which renders }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12346098 Orthi}{\insrsid12807907  as }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7554303 
Gotinus}{\insrsid12807907  in Latin text and }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7554303 Goti}{\insrsid12807907  in the Old English: }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15150746 von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid12807907 Pre-Conquest personal names}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2454779 , p. 338}{\insrsid12807907 ; }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid156836 Bates, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 Regesta}{\insrsid12807907 , no. 226, pp. 715-16. Goti's manor of }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7554303 Atelia}{
\insrsid12807907  devolved upon Haimo the steward, who also acquired Wigborough and Stambourne in Essex from Goti}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 28,9;11}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Stambourne and Wigborough were valuable manors, as were Freckenham, Feltham and Cockhampstead, suggesting that the two remaining holdings, also valuable, at Hutton in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 13,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Nettlestead in Suffolk}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUF 3,5}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, acquired respectively by Battle abbey and Count Alan of Brittany, were held by this Goti, who held both in his own right, no overlords being named. Gotis occur only twice more on rural holdings, one, Goti of Chediston, being conceivably
 the same man, though the modest scale of his holding and absence of links precludes an identification. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 A list of }{\insrsid12807907 Goti's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  manor}{\insrsid12807907 s}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 English }{\i\insrsid12807907 n}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 obility}{\i\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 pp. }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid3823637 308-309}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 , }{\insrsid12807907 which}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  }{\insrsid12807907 includes Hutton but not}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3823637  Nettlestead.}{\insrsid12807907 
 Dr Clarke ranks Goti seventy-first in wealth among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 untitled laymen; the addition of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3823637 Nettlestead}{\insrsid12807907  would raise him half-a-dozen places.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GOTSHELM}{\insrsid12807907 . Gotshelm}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  is }{\insrsid12807907 a rare name which occurs once}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 each }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 in Cornwall and in Dorset, }{\insrsid12807907 
and on a fief and nine other manors in Devon, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 apparently borne by three individuals. The Dorset Gotshelm is identified in the text as a cook}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 and one in Devon as Gotshelm of Exeter, identified in the }{\insrsid12807907 Geld Roll}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  as a canon, presumably of Exeter}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2322444 Devonshire Domesday}{\insrsid12807907 
, i. p. xxvi.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GOTSHELM [* BROTHER OF WALTER OF CLAVILLE *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Gotshelms who held fiefs in Cornwall}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 7,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Devon}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
DEV 25,1-27}}}{\insrsid12807907  are probably the brother of Walter of Claville, though nowhere named as such. Their fiefs are described together in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6717044 Exon.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , both descend}{
\insrsid12807907 ing}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  to the Honour of Gloucester}{\insrsid12807907 ; they were joint tenants-in-chief of Virworthy}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2322444 DEV 24,32}}}{
\insrsid12807907 ; both held manors in the vills of Buckland, Coombe, Loosedon and Lupridge; and they shared six predecessors, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 too many to be coincidental}{\insrsid12807907 
, even though the names are common: Aelfeva, Alnoth, Alward, Brictric, Edwin and Wulfgeat. According to satellite texts, they both farmed royal manors, which almost certainly identifies Gotshelm on these and other royal manors}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
DEV }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 1,}{\insrsid12807907 60-6}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 1;64-6}{\insrsid12807907 5}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ;70}}}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2322444 Devonshire Domesday}{
\insrsid12807907 , i. pp. 74;76;78;80, 88. As his name is rare, he may also be the Gotshelm with tenancies at Rockbeare and Sellake from Baldwin the sheriff}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 16,138;161}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, and at Owlacombe from Theobald son of Berner}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 36,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 , all three within a few miles of other manors of his, two of them with predecessors who occur on his fief. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{
\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 635)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  235, apart from the three tenancies, Theobald's tenant identified as perhaps another man (no. 2080), Baldwin's tenants are unidentified (nos. 3633, 3657).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12346098 GRIMBALD. Outside Lincolnshire, Grimbald is an }{\insrsid12807907 uncommon}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12346098  }{\insrsid12807907 name which occurs}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12346098  }{\insrsid12807907 eleven}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12346098  times}{\insrsid12807907 , distributed among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12346098  }{\insrsid12807907 eight}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12346098  counties and }{\insrsid12807907 the lands of five}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12346098  tenants-in-chief}{\insrsid12807907 .}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12346098 GRIMBALD}{\insrsid12807907  <OF HASKERTON>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12346098 . }{\insrsid12807907 The free man of the abbey of Ely with a few acres valued at two shillings at Haskerton in Suffolk}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12346098 SUF 8,8}}}{\insrsid12807907  recorded in the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2454779 Inquisitio Eliensis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2454779  (}{\insrsid12807907 ed. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2454779 Hamilton, p. 150)}{
\insrsid12807907  has no links with his namesakes.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907 GRIMBALD [* OF HOUGHTON *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 As his name is uncommon, the Grimbald who held four manors in Northamptonshire from Countess Judith}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 56,26-29}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 - stated to be the same man - is probably the Grimbald who held three others from her in Leicestershire, two of them in the same vill}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 40,26-27;39}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Judith had no other tenants
 of this name; there are no other Grimbalds in either county, and the Leicestershire manors are bracketed by those in Northamptonshire. Grimbald was identified by Round as Grimbald of Houghton, who witnessed the foundation charter of St Andrew's priory in
 Northampton, granting it land in his manor Moulton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 56,29}}}{\insrsid12807907 
; a descendant, Robert Grimbald, founded Owston abbey, where one of Grimbald's Leicestershire manors lay: Round, 'Domesday survey of Northamptonshire', pp. 293-94. Hanging Houghton lies between Grimbald's 
manors of East Farndon and Moulton, and Countess Judith had land there, though Grimbald is not recorded as her tenant. The Grimbaud family did not continue to hold all these manors, though there are indications of a continuing family interest in the vills
: }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 Farrer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 Honors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , i}{\insrsid12807907 i.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  301-307}{\insrsid12807907 . Grimbald's manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 3709)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  238, without reference to his byname.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GRIMBALD <OF SUTTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 Grimbald, who held thirty acres from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9394072 Theodric Pointel}{\insrsid12807907  at Sutton in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 71,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has no links with other Grimbalds, all remote. His manor is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 149)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{
\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  238; it is suggested in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15294609 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907  that he may be Grimbald the priest, named in a charter of Bury St Edmunds: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9394072 Feudal documents}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 151-52.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GRIMBALD [* THE GOLDSMITH *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Grimbald, who held a fief in Berkshire consisting of the single manor of Hendred}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 62,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, may be Grimbald the goldsmith, who held two manors among the king's thanes in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9394072 Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 67,43-44}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9394072 
. The fief of another goldsmith, Theodric, follows Grimbald's and, as Round pointed out, shares Grimbald's Wiltshire predecessors: }{\insrsid12807907 'Domesday survey of Berkshire', p.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9394072  292. The}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Berkshire and Wiltshire }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  ultimately descended to different families; but the routes by which they did so are unknown: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
VCH Berkshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , i. 302-307; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . 423}{\insrsid12807907 , }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 714, 729, 741.}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9394072 The }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9394072 Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9394072 
 (ed. Hamilton, p. 15) also records that Grimbald the goldsmith held land at Quy and Stow}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 14,66}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9394072  before the Conquest, a manor which devolve
d upon Count Alan of Brittany. Count Alan was also preceded by a Grimbald in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 12,9-13}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9394072 , possibly the same man; but as the name occurs as frequently in Lincolnshire as }{
\insrsid12807907 in all other}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9394072  counties combined, it is }{\insrsid12807907 possible}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9394072  that this Grimbald - Grimbald Krakr - }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9394072 
 another }{\insrsid12807907 man}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9394072 . Three other Grimbalds held land in southern England before the Conquest}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9394072 
one of these, King Edward's man at Husborne Crawley in Bedfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 41,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9394072 , may be the goldsmith}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9394072 
 royal patronage of goldsmiths }{\insrsid12807907 being}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9394072  the norm and the Confessor's partiality
 for Germanic servants well-attested, several of the goldsmiths in royal service - Otto, Reinbald, Theodric - bearing Germanic names: Dodwell, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9394072 Anglo-Saxon Art}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 65, 78-79}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid9394072 . }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Another Grimbald held land }{\insrsid12807907 at Great Linford, eleven}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  away}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
BUK 17,21}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , but there are no royal or other association}{\insrsid12807907 s to support an identification.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9394072  }{\insrsid12807907 Grimbald's tenancies }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 119)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9394072 238}{\insrsid12807907 .}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9457075 .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GRIMKEL. }{\insrsid12807907 
The name Grimkel is largely confined to the area north of a line from the Bristol Channel to the Wash. It is common in Lincolnshire and to some extent in Yorkshire, but uncommon elsewhere, occurring fourtee
n times, predominantly on small holdings, distributed among seven counties and the lands of eight tenants-in-chief, a distribution suggesting a preponderance of minor landowners. Two survivors bore this name.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GRIMKEL <OF }{\insrsid12807907 BILBY}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 The Grimkels whose manors at Bilby and Clayworth in Nottinghamshire - ten miles apart - were acquired by Roger of Bully}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NTT 9,45;126}}}{\insrsid12807907  are probably one man, possibly the survivor at Watnall}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 10,46}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, though since all the holdings are modest and Watnall thirty miles to the south, this is too uncertain to establish an identification.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GRIMKEL <OF }{\insrsid12807907 WATNALL}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 The Grimkels who held Watnall in Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 10,46}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 from William Peverel and preceded him on another holding in that vill and in three more in the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 10,33;43;47;62}}}{\insrsid12807907  may be the same man. A
ll five holdings formed a tight cluster in Broxtowe wapentake, four of them in two adjacent vills. Grimkel survived on his most valuable holding, albeit a modest one and shared with another tenant. He is one of only two surviving Grimkels, the other - wit
h a plough at Rowden in Herefordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 1,71}}}{\insrsid12807907  - unlikely to be the same man. He is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1727758 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 35381).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par GRIMULF. }{\insrsid12807907 Grimulf is a rare name which occurs five times, distributed among three counties and the lands of four tenants-in-chief.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GRIMULF <OF COLCHESTER>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, it is possible that the Grimulf with a substantial holding of two houses and nine acres in Colchester}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS B3a}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 is Grimulf of Helmingham, whose manors lay some thirty miles away; but that Grimulf held his l
and only in 1066 and - if Little Domesday is to be trusted - the burgess only in 1086, and the transition from pre-Conquest manorial lord to post-Conquest burgess would be unusual. The dates assigned to urban holdings, however, sometimes appear suspect.

\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GRIMULF <OF HELMINGHAM>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2454779 name }{\insrsid12807907 is rare, the three Grimulfs in Suffolk may be one man, his holdings lying}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2454779 
 in a restricted area in south-east Suffolk}{\insrsid12807907 . He had a modest manor at Winston acquired by Earl Hugh of Chester}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 4,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, and was the lord of men in Hasketon and Helmingham, ten and three miles respectively to the south, with a more substantial manor in the latter vill, acquired by Humphrey the chamberlain}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 8,12. 52,9}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2454779 .}{
\insrsid12807907  It is possible, though perhaps unlikely, that he is the burgess Grimulf of Colchester.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GRIMULF <OF MORTON>. }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid9451158 Grimulf}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9451158  }{\insrsid12807907 who preceded Robert of Stafford at Morton in Warwickshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 22,19}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is the only }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid9451158 Grimulf}{\insrsid12807907  in Great Domesday}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9451158 . }{\insrsid12807907 Although his manor is fairly substantial, it appears unlikely that he is the same man as either the Essex burgess
 or the Suffolk landowner, both some 150 miles or more away}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9451158 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GRUFFYDD}{\insrsid12807907 
. Gruffydd is an uncommon name. As a forenam
e, it occurs once in Staffordshire and Gloucestershire, twice in Cornwall, four times in Cheshire, and on a fief and three manors in Herefordshire; four of these references are to one or other of the Welsh kings.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GRUFFYDD [* BOY *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Gruffydd Boy, who held parts of the royal manor of Leominster in Herefordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 1,34-35;38}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, and the Gruffydd who held King's Pyon from Roger of Lacy}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 10,50}}}{\insrsid12807907 , are identified as Gruffydd son of King Maredudd, who held another manor and a fief in the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 9,14}{
\insrsid12807907 . 29,1. 31,1-7}}}{\insrsid12807907 , by the descent of Pyon and some manors of Boy and Gruffydd's son to }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 William }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 de Blez}{\insrsid12807907 : }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11869205 Herefordshire Domesday}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 pp. }{\insrsid12807907 14, 48, 72, 95, 122-23. Gruffydd's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 2583)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 238}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 apart from the tenant at King's Pyon, who is unidentified (no. 30537).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GRUFFYDD <OF ROSCARNON>. }{\insrsid12807907 Gruffydd, whose manor at Roscarnon in Cornwall was acquired by the Count of Mortain, and the Count's tenant in that vill}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5977850 1,1. 5,7,1
}}}{\insrsid12807907  are almost certainly the same man. The name does not occur elsewhere in the south-western counties. He is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1727758 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 2081).
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \cbpat8 {\cf1\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 GUN}{\insrsid12807907 FRID [* OF CHOCQUES *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 
It is likely that Gunfrid, tenant of Robert of Tosny in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 18,17;20-23}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11489708 26,10}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , is Gunfrid of Chocques, a tenant-in-chief in those and three other counties. Robert's tenants are the only Gunfrids in the two counties other than Chocques himself; and the Lincolnshir
e Gunfrids were enfeoffed by Robert with the manors of the same predecessor, Arnbiorn of 'Avethorpe' (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11489708 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
), from whom Gunfrid of Chocques acquired one of his two manors as tenant-in-chief, Arnbiorn having an interest in the other according to the Lincolnshire Claims}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1063757 LIN CK1}}}{
\insrsid12807907 . The Northamptonshire Survey appears to show that Gunfrid's tenancy had been resumed into the Tosny demesne, which may explain why Gunfrid's Lincolnshire tenancies do not appear in the hands of his descendants: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11489708 VCH Northamptonshire}{\insrsid12807907 , i. 386; Farrer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11489708 Honors}{\insrsid12807907 , i. 20-53. Gunfrid's manors as tenant-in-chief }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 are recorded in }
{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. }{\insrsid12807907 2457}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907 
, p. 239-41; the Tosny tenant is identified as another man (no. 8409).
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11489708 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ................................................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GUNNAR. }{\insrsid12807907 Gunnar is an uncommon name which occurs}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 eighteen}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  times}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 predominantly on small holdings distributed among nine counties from Cornwall to Yorkshire
 and on the fiefs of the king and ten of his tenants-in-chief, the majority borne by pre-Conquest lords, with survivors in Cornwall, Yorkshire and Essex.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GUNNAR <OF AVINGTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is uncommon, the Gunnars who preceded Richard Poynant on}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  substantial }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  
}{\insrsid12807907 at Avington }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 in Berkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 43,2}}}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 and }{\insrsid12807907 Calstone in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 
Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 58,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  are probably one man. Richard's Honour is small, his predecessors few, and Gunnar the only name to occur twice among them}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 .}{\insrsid12807907 
 There are no other Gunnars in either county.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GUNNAR <OF }{\insrsid12807907 "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 CICLET}{\insrsid12807907 "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 Gunnar, whose modest holding in the lost vill of }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11345921 Ciclet}{\insrsid12807907  in Devon was acquired by Walter of Claville}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 24,31}}}{\insrsid12807907 , has no links with other Gunnars.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GUNNAR <OF DOMELLICK>. }{\insrsid12807907 Gunnar, who survived on}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  a tiny tenancy from the Count of Mortain - value twelve pence - at Domellick in Cornwall}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 CON 5,24,11}}}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907 , has no links with his namesakes. }{\insrsid12807907 He}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907 is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 2398).}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GUNNAR <OF HALESWORTH>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare in East Anglia, the Gunnars there, both of whose manors - at Halesworth and Levington in Suffolk - were acquired by Roger Bigot}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 7,17;117}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , may be the same man,}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  although}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid2454779  }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 they held minor holdings }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid2454779 some }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 thirty}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid2454779  miles apart and under the patronage of different }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 English}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid2454779  lords}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2454779 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GUNNAR <OF MALDON>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare in the region, the Gunnars who held }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16653041 Maldon and Totham}{\insrsid12807907  in Essex}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16653041 
 from Swein of Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 ESS 24,63;67}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid16653041  }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 are probably}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid16653041  }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 one}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid16653041  }{
\cf1\insrsid12807907 man; t}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid16653041 he}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  vills are less than four miles apart. }{\insrsid12807907 Gunnar's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 1862)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10048834 241.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GUNNAR <OF MOLLINGTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 Gunnar,}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid10366410  }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 who shared a waste holding at Mollington in Cheshire acquired by }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid10436660 Robert of Rhuddlan}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 CHS 3,2}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
, has no links with other Gunnars. It is possible, however, that he is the }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid10366410 Gunnor}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid16653041  at}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid10366410 'Redcliff' }{
\cf1\insrsid12807907 (}{\insrsid12807907 in Chester), }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 four}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid10366410  miles away}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid161444 CHS 10,3}}}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907 . The form is unique and although identified as the rare }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid16653041 Gunneuare}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  (Gunwor) which occurs in Yorkshire, it requires only a poorly formed 'o' to misidentify him: }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid15150746 von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid12807907 Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2454779 , p. }{\insrsid12807907 278}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10366410 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907 ...................................................................
..........................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GUNNAR <OF PONTSHILL>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is uncommon, the Gunnars whose three small holdings at Pontshill, Weston and Coldborough in Herefordshire were acquired by Durand of Gloucester}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
HEF 22,2-4}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid1398764  }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 are almost certainly one man, as the text appears to state, though somewhat clumsily, while misspelling the name at Coldborough as }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid16653041 Gunuer}
{\cf1\insrsid12807907 . The vills are within five miles of each other.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14942944 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par GUTHMUND. }{\insrsid12807907 Guthmund is a fairly common name which occurs almost forty}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  times}{\insrsid12807907 
, distributed among eleven counties between Dorset and Warwickshire and the lands of the king and thirteen of his tenants-in-chief, with clusters in Essex and Suffolk. Guthmunds survived on ten manors, spread among six counties.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8851235 GUTHMUND }{\insrsid12807907 [* BROTHER }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8851235 OF }{\insrsid12807907 ABBOT WULFRIC *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8851235 . With the exception of }{\insrsid12807907 the}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid8851235  tenant at Braxted, all}{\insrsid12807907  Guthmunds in Little Domesday are probably}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 the royal thane}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 
at Kelvedon in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 27,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 , alias Guthmund, brother of Abbot Wulfric of Ely, named at Occold in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 31,60}}}{\insrsid12807907 . O
ccold was acquired by Hugh de Montfort, along with Guthmund's manors in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 27,2;4-5;11;13-}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2895708 14}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 23,16}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and Suffolk}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUF 31,6}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2895708 ;8}{\insrsid12807907 -12}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2895708 ;13a;14;38;40-43;45-}{\insrsid12807907 48;55}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2895708 ;60}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Of the three remaining manors, Guthmund is described as Hugh's predecessor on two of them}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 29,1. 41,11}}}{\insrsid12807907 , as also within Hugh's fief}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 31,43-47}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. He is elsewhere described as a royal thane, a thane}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 31,41}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and a free man}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 27,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Less certainly, the respectable manor at Tollesbury in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 20,62}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, acquired by Count Eustace of Boulogne but encircled by de Montfort manors in other Hundreds, may also have been his, as suggested by Dr Clarke.
\par \tab The }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2895708 Liber Eliensis}{\insrsid12807907 
 puts some flesh on these bones. Guthmund, spurned by a high-born lady as insufficiently endowed, not having the forty hides of land to be counted 'among the foremost nobles', prevailed upon his brother to lease to him some of the abbey's estates
, which availed him little since shortly afterwards the Normans conquered the kingdom and Hugh de Montfort 'took possession of these lands and to this day has withheld them from the church' (ed. Fairweather, pp. 198-200). The }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2895708 Liber Eliensis}{\insrsid12807907  names some of the manors recorded in Domesday Book - 'Bensted', Garboldisham (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8938188 Wick}{\insrsid12807907 ), Livermere, Nacton, Occold - and adds Marham}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NFK 15,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , held by the abbey in Domesday without mention of Guthmund. He probably did have an interest, however, since Hugh de Montfort is said to have received the customary dues of twenty-six Freemen attached to the manor. }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 A list of }{\insrsid12807907 Guthmund's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  manor}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 English }{\i\insrsid12807907 
n}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 obility}{\i\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 pp. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15285332 312-14}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 , }{\insrsid12807907 which}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  }{
\insrsid12807907 does not include }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2895708 Wick}{\cs23\i\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 23,16}}}{\insrsid12807907  but does include Tollesbury. Dr Clarke ranks Guthmund forty-eighth in wealth among}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 untitled laymen; the addition of }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8938188 Wick}{\insrsid12807907 
 would raise him two places. See also Williams, 'Little Domesday and the English', pp. 107-108, 209, where Guthmund is Guthmund of Nacton.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GUTHMUND [* BROTHER OF THORKIL *]. }{\insrsid12807907 As his name is uncommon in the region, it is likely that the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Guthmund }{\insrsid12807907 who held Aston in Warwickshire from }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 William son of Ansculf}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 27,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  is the one other Guthmund in the Midlands, the brother of Thorkil of Arden at Packington in the same Hundred}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 17,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 , though the manors 
}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 were in }{\insrsid12807907 different}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  h}{\insrsid12807907 ands by the thirteenth century: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VCH Warwickshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
, iv. 181-82; vii. 60-62}{\insrsid12807907 . Dr Williams}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 documents later connections}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  between }{\insrsid12807907 Guthmund's }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 heirs }{
\insrsid12807907 and those}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  of William son of Ansculf which }{\insrsid12807907 suggest this conclusion: }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 'A }{\insrsid12807907 v}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ice-}{\insrsid12807907 c
}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 omital }{\insrsid12807907 f}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 amily}{\insrsid12807907 ', p. 288}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907  Guthmund's manor of Packington is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
 }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 4764)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  219; Aston is assigned to another tenant (no. 782).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GUTHMUND <OF BRAXTED>. }{\insrsid12807907 Guthmund, tenant of Haimo the steward at Braxted in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 28,5}}}{\insrsid12807907 , has no links with his o
ne namesake in the region, the brother of Abbot Wulfric of Ely. It is unlikely he is the abbot's brother, Ely having no known interest in Braxted: Miller, }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907 A}{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid6247783 bbey and bishopric of Ely}{
\insrsid12807907 , }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6247783 passim}{\insrsid12807907 . Guthmund is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 5018).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GUTHMUND [* SON OF SAERIC *]. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is uncommon, the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Guthmund}{\insrsid12807907 s who held a cluster of manors in Herefordshire acquired by Roger 
of Lacy from Saeric, are probably Saeric's son, named on the last of these manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15091004 1,10b;17. 10,51;53}{\insrsid12807907 ;71}}}{\insrsid12807907 , though they did not all }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 descend to the same family: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  pp. 804, 805, 814, 816, 1481. }{\insrsid12807907 
No other Guthmund held land in Herefordshire or adjacent counties, or on the Lacy Hnour. Guthmund's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 4695)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  219.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GUTHROTH}{\insrsid12807907 . Guthroth is a rare name which occurs once in Essex and Yorkshire and four times in Lincolnshire, probably borne by three individuals, one of them a survivor: von Feilitzen, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8736862 Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 279-80; }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4609808 Fellows-Jensen}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5599102 Scandinavian personal names}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 111-12.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GUTHROTH }{\insrsid12807907 <OF RADWINTER>. Guthroth, who held the fairly substantial of Radwinter in Essex from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5599102 Tihel the Breton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 38,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is the only survivor of his name in Domesday Book; it is unlikely he is the same man as the Lincolnshire lawman or his Yorkshire namesake.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5599102 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GUTHROTH }{\insrsid12807907 <OF SKEWSBY>. Guthroth, who held two manors at Skewsby in the North Riding of Yorkshire before the Conquest}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 5N57}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is unlikely to be the same man as the Lincolnshire lawman, eighty miles to the south, still less the survivor in Essex almost 200 miles away.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GUTHROTH [* THE LAWMAN *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Guthroth, who held a house of the abbot of Peterborough in Lincoln and land in Middle Carlton in pledge in 1066}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN C21. CW3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is identified as Guthroth the lawman, burgess of Lincoln, with full jurisdiction in the city, by his association with Norman the fat, his predecessor}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN C2-3}}}{\insrsid12807907 . He is not named on Norman's
 fief, not even at Carlton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8736862 33,1}{\insrsid12807907 -2}}}{\insrsid12807907 . He is unlikely to be the same man as either of his two namesakes, the rural landowner in North Yorkshire or the survivor in Essex.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GUY}{\insrsid12807907 
. If the tenants-in-chief Guy of Craon and Guy of Raimbeaucourt and the readily-identifiable tenant Guy of Anjou are excluded, unidentified Guys are rare, occurring once each in Sussex, Dorset, Somerset and Cambridgeshire.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GUY [* OF ANJOU *]. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, the tenants of Count Eustace of Boulogne at Finchingfield and Chishill in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 20,30-31;72-73}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are probably Guy of Anjou, his tenant at Massingham in Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 1,1. 5,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  and at Duxford in Cambridgeshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 15,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, where his byname is recorded in the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14106742 Inquisitio }{\i\insrsid12807907 Comitatus Cantabrigiensis}{\insrsid12807907  (ed. Hamilton, p. 42). He is very probably also the Guy who claimed part of Anmer in Norfolk}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NFK 8,31}}}{\insrsid12807907  '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16072474 because it was delivered to his uncle}{\insrsid12807907 ', Osmund of Anjou (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16072474 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
) and Count Eustace. Massingham, Anmer and Chishill were held by Guy's descendants: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16072474 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 236. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 89)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  463.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GUY }{\insrsid12807907 [* }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OF CRAON}{\insrsid12807907  *}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ]. }{\insrsid12807907 Guy, who held South Warnborough in Hampshire from }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid10291164 Hugh son of Baldric}{\insrsid12807907  'with his daughter'}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 44,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is evidently Hugh's son-in-law, named as such as Hugh's tenant at Claxby St Andrew and its dependencies and Sloothby in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10291164 LIN 25,19}{
\insrsid12807907 -25}}}{\insrsid12807907 . He is Guy of Craon, a tenant-in-chief in Leicestershire and Lincolnshire. He is also the Guy at Mission in Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16072474 NTT 1,66}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , identified by the reference to his manor of Laughton in Lincolnshire. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 562)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  464.}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid10291164 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GUY [* OF }{\insrsid12807907 EU}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Guy, tenant of the abbey of Ramsey at Longstowe in Cambridgeshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 7,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is probably Guy of Eu, perhaps the same Guy to whom Abbot Reginald (1114-1131) confirmed Longstowe: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid209954 VCH Cambridgeshire}{\insrsid12807907 , v. 121. His brother, Ingelrann (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid209954 q.v.}{
\insrsid12807907 ), was a Domesday tenant of the abbey in Huntingdonshire, where Guy subsequently held from the abbey. As the abbot of Ramsey's man, he was a juror in Longstowe Hundred: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14106742 Inquisitio }{
\i\insrsid12807907 Comitatus Cantabrigiensis}{\insrsid12807907  (ed. Hamilton, p. 83). His manor is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{
\insrsid12807907 (no. 1657)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  463-64.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par GUY <}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OF }{\insrsid12807907 LAVANT>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Guy, who held a hide in the manor of Lavant in Sussex from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4217665 Earl Roger}{\insrsid12807907 
 of Shrewsbury}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 11,5}}}{\insrsid12807907 , has no links with his namesakes, all distant. His manor is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 8858)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  465.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par GUY <}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OF }{\insrsid12807907 POORTON>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 As unidentified Guys are rare, the tenants of Roger Arundel at Poorton in Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 47,8}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and Halswell in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
}{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 22,17}}}{\insrsid12807907  are probably one man. His manors are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{
\insrsid12807907 (no. 1217)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  465, where he is identified as the priest who held three hides in the manor of Long Ashton from the bishop of Coutances}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 5,34}}}{\insrsid12807907 , which is possible but unverif
iable; Guy the priest, who held Roxford in Hertfordshire from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid593090 Geoffrey of Bec}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid593090 HRT 34,21}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is identified as another priest (no. 8907).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 G}{\insrsid12807907 YRTH}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14246815 Although the name }{\insrsid12807907 Gyrth}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14246815  occurs }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 
more than 150 times}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14246815  it}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1406433  is }{\insrsid12807907 rare}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1406433  }{\insrsid12807907 in the sense that}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1406433  it was 
}{\insrsid12807907 probably }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1406433 borne by few individuals}{\insrsid12807907 , all but one of them pre-Conquest landowners}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1406433 . }{\insrsid12807907 
The distribution is skewed, fewer than two dozen names occurring outside East Anglia, most of those in the adjacent counties of Cambridgeshire and Hertfordshire. This area, of course, was where the earldom of Harold's brother, }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 Earl Gyrth Godwinson}{\insrsid12807907 , lay. The only Gyrth north of Cambridgeshire is the one post-Conquest landowner of this name.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 [* EARL *] GYRTH. In view of the distribution of the name, it is }{\insrsid12807907 probable}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  that most }{\insrsid12807907 - perhaps}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  all }{
\insrsid12807907 - }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 pre-Conquest Gyrths are Earl Gyrth Godwinson}{\insrsid12807907 , a}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ll but a handful }{\insrsid12807907 of the names occurring}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 within the boundaries of his earldom}{\insrsid12807907 . The distribution is important because Gyrth's title is recorded only seven times in East Anglia where there are far more unident
ified Gyrths in each of the two counties than in the rest of the country combined.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 Within this area, Gyrth}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is almost certainly the }{\insrsid12807907 earl}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 on}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  the royal }{\insrsid12807907 demesne }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 1,48;59;91;192. SUF 1,32-35;37-43}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 on the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 substantial manors of Costessey, Sedgeford, Langham and Great Ryburgh in Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 NFK 4,9-}{\insrsid12807907 
11;15. 10,20;22. 34,9}}}{\insrsid12807907 . The only demesne holding which appears slightly doubtful is the modest holding at Burgh St Margaret}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 64,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. As no other Gyrth with significant demesne land in the region can be plausibly identified, Gyrth is evidently the lord}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 of the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  considerable numbers of dependent }{
\insrsid12807907 free }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 men}{\insrsid12807907  of East Anglia}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par \tab Outside East Anglia, he is identified by reference to his mother at Chaddleworth in Berkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 10,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, and is accorded his title on all his manors in Bedfordshire and Cambridgeshire, and on three of the four in Hertfordshire, all held by his men. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 In the Sussex heartland of the Godwinsons}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  the two substantial manors of Merston }{\insrsid12807907 and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 Coombes}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 11,110}{
\insrsid12807907 . 13,19}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  }{\insrsid12807907 probably his since, apart from their status,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 
 both are adjacent to other Godwinson manors, Coombes being close to }{\insrsid12807907 his}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  own huge manor of Washington. Similar considerations suggest that the handsome manors of Hartley Mauditt }{\insrsid12807907 
in Hampshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid333407 HAM 35,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  and Eaton Hastings }{\insrsid12807907 in Berkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1406433 BRK 30,1}}}{
\insrsid12807907  may have been his, as also Warley in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 3,11}}}{\insrsid12807907 , once the property of the Church. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 A list of the earl's manors is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
English nobility, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
pp. 194-200, which includes all the demesne manors of a Gyrth, but not those of his men at Pampisford in Cambridgeshire; Shottesham, Brundall, Kelling, Burgh, Wallington and Binham in Norfolk; or Brome, Pettaugh, Rushmere and Hemingstone 
in Suffolk. He is ranked by }{\insrsid12807907 Dr Clarke }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 sixteenth in wealth among the nobility}{\insrsid12807907 ; }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13962237 Baxter, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13962237 Earls of Mercia}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid13962237 , p. 129, supplies }{\insrsid12807907 a somewhat lower estimate}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13962237  of }{\insrsid12807907 his}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13962237  manorial income}{\insrsid12807907 
, almost identical to the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9638553 Statistics}{\insrsid12807907  database (\'a3230)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13962237 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par GYRTH <OF QUADRING>. Gyrth, who held a modest manor at Quadring in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11538497 LIN }{\insrsid12807907 12,90. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11538497 CK69}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 from Count Alan of Brittany, is the one survivor of this name. It is unlikely he held land before the Conquest, all such Gyrths probably being Harold's brother, killed at Hastings.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1397675 GYTHA. The name Gytha occurs in twenty-one counties, }{\insrsid12807907 stretching from}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1397675  Cornwall }{\insrsid12807907 to}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1397675  Yorkshire; but if those }{
\insrsid12807907 who }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1397675 identified as Countess}{\insrsid12807907 es}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1397675  Gytha of Hereford and Wessex are excluded, the name is rare, occurring twice in Yorkshire and once in Lincolnshire}{
\insrsid12807907 ; there are no survivors. The scribe appears to have confused the name with Goda and Godiva on occasions.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \cbpat8 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 [* COUNTESS *] GYTHA [* OF HEREFORD *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Countess Gytha, w}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid9053138 ife of Earl Ralph of Hereford }{\insrsid12807907 (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4614058 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ) }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9053138 and mother of Earl Harold, }{\insrsid12807907 a minor in 1066, is }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid9053138 easily confused with }{\insrsid12807907 another }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9053138 Gytha, wife of Earl Godwin and mother of Earl Harold Godwinson. She may have been the daughter of Osgod }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4614058 Clapa}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9053138  and widow of Tovi the proud: Willia}{\insrsid12807907 ms, 'The king's n}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9053138 ephew', pp. 3}{\insrsid12807907 33-36}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9053138 .
}{\insrsid12807907 
\par \tab She}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9053138  was a major predecessor of William Peverel in Buckinghamshire}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9053138  which identifie}{\insrsid12807907 s her}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9053138 
 as the Gytha who preceded him in his Northamptonshire manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 
{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 35,1a-1j;2;3a-3g;4-7;10;14;20;22-26}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9053138 . The links between Gytha and Peverel make it }{\insrsid12807907 likely}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9053138  that }{
\insrsid12807907 the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9053138 Countess Goda}{\insrsid12807907  (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4614058 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 )}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9053138  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded at Rushden in Bedfordshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid9053138 BDF 22,2}}}{\insrsid12807907  and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9053138  }{\insrsid12807907 Clifton in Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 10,5;7-11;13-14}}}{\insrsid12807907  }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid9053138 are scribal errors for Countess Gytha}{\insrsid12807907 . She is probably also the Goda who held Edwalton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 23,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, a dependency of her husband's manor of Stockerston, and the Countess Goda who had full jurisdiction and market rights in Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT S5}}}{\insrsid12807907 .}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid9053138  It }{\insrsid12807907 is }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9053138 also }{\insrsid12807907 possible, in view of their status,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9053138  that the Goda}{\insrsid12807907 s who held the }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid9053138 royal manors }{\insrsid12807907 of Greetham and Cottesmore }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9053138 in Rutland }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9053138  Countess Gytha}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab RUT 1,5-6}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, Cottesmore being no great distance from her husband's manor of Stockerston: Stenton, 'Domesday survey of Rutland', p. 134}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9053138 . In all these cases, the particular reasons for }{\insrsid12807907 identifying Goda as Gytha}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid9053138  are supported by the fact that Countess Goda is not known to have held land anywhere north Twyford in Buckinghamshire}{\insrsid12807907  whereas Gytha's family held extensive lands in the Midlands.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid9053138 \tab When }{\insrsid12807907 both}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9053138  }{\insrsid12807907 Countess}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid9053138 es are accounted for, there are }{\insrsid12807907 five}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9053138  other occurrences of the name Gytha in Domesday Book, any of which could refer to Countess Gytha of Hereford}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid9053138  though only those at Tilton in Leicestershire and Walton in Warwickshire lay within the territory in which she and her }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4614058 family }{\insrsid12807907 is known to hold}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid4614058  land. Tilton }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4614058  ten miles from her husband's manor of Stockerston}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4614058 LEC 2,7. 13,15}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid9053138  and a cluster of his other holdings, and Walton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4614058 WAR 16,10}}}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9053138 
a similar distance from her son's manor of Burton Dassett}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 38,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9053138 , itself }{\insrsid12807907 four}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9053138  miles from }{\insrsid12807907 another of her manors,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid9053138  at Mollington}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 35,26}}}{\insrsid12807907 . I}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9053138 n view of the rarity of }{\insrsid12807907 her}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9053138 
 name, it is perhaps more likely than not that both }{\insrsid12807907 manors were}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9053138  }{\insrsid12807907 hers}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9053138 . The }{\insrsid12807907 other}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9053138  hol
dings in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 53,6}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9053138  and Yorkshire (5E35-36), }{\insrsid12807907 may}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9053138  have belonged to other individuals}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9053138  her family ha}
{\insrsid12807907 ving}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9053138  no known associations with either coun}{\insrsid12807907 ty.
\par \tab Gytha's lands are listed, and her family and background documented, by Dr Williams, whose list does not include the manors in Rutland: 'The king's nephew', pp. 333-38. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 A list of }{\insrsid12807907 Gytha's }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 manor}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  is }{\insrsid12807907 also }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 English }{\i\insrsid12807907 n}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 obility}{\i\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 pp. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9053138 225-26}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 , }{\insrsid12807907 which}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  }{
\insrsid12807907 does not include Paulerspury in Northamptonshire;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9053138  }{\insrsid12807907 Tilton in Leicestershire; Greetham and Cottesmore in Rutlan
d; or the manors, men and privileges attributed by the scribe to Countess Goda but here assigned to Gytha}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9053138 .}{\insrsid12807907 
 She and her family are ranked by Dr Clarke twenty-sixth in wealth among the nobility; the additional manors, with those attributed to her husband, would place the family comfortably in the top twenty.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 [* COUNTESS *] GYTHA [* OF WESSEX *]. }{
\insrsid12807907 Countess Gytha}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8201178 , }{\insrsid12807907 widow}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8201178  of Earl Godwin and mother of Earl Harold Godwinson}{\insrsid12807907 
, survived her husband and all but one of her many sons. She was an early opponent of Norman rule, collecting allies in the south-west, where the bulk of her estates lay, and escaping to the continent after 
the failure of the revolt in 1068 (as she had done in 1051), reportedly with a great treasure: Mason, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8875364 House of Godwine}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 178-83.
\par \tab Where her title is omitted, the Countess can normally be readily identified, despite apparent scribal errors in a number of cases. Apart from single holdings in Berkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 10,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Gloucestershire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
GLS 1,63}}}{\insrsid12807907 , all her manors lay in eight counties south of the Thames, on most of which she is clearly identified. Elsewhere, she is almost certainly the Gytha whose }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8201178 manors in Somerset}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SOM 1,11}}}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8201178 and Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 1,9-10;13}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8201178  }{\insrsid12807907 were }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8201178 valued at over \'a31}{
\insrsid12807907 4}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8201178 0}{\insrsid12807907 
. Apart from their status, these manors form part of blocks of royal manors which are organised in both counties first by King Edward, then by the Godwinsons, and finally by those held by lesser mortals; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8875364 Exon}{
\insrsid12807907 . also identifies her as the Gytha at Queen Camel and Coker, part of the same block in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 1,22-23}}}{\insrsid12807907 . The Countess is almost certainly the Gytha on the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8201178 
huge manor of Frampton in Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 17,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8201178  held by St Stephens of Caen }{\insrsid12807907 in 1086 but}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8201178  evidently once a royal manor, worth \'a340}{\insrsid12807907 
 before the Conquest; her husband, Earl Godwin (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8270645 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ), disguised as Earl Edwin, held part of it attached to Burton Bradstock}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 1,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 . The}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid8201178  Cornish }{\insrsid12807907 lands}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 5,7,6;9}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8201178  detached from her son's manor of Lanow}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8201178 CON 5,7,6}}}{
\insrsid12807907  are very probably hers, and at Werrington in Devon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 1,50}}}{\insrsid12807907  she is identified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3680920 Exon}{\insrsid12807907 . as Ear
l Harold's mother, and as Harold's mother at Oxted in Surrey in Domesday}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUR 15,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , in both cases evidently the mother of Earl Harold Godwinson, not of Harold son of Earl Ralph (}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13962237 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ), whose mother held all her land north of the Thames. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 A list of }{\insrsid12807907 Gytha's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  manor}{\insrsid12807907 s}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 English }{\i\insrsid12807907 n}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 obility}{\i\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 pp. }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid8201178 204-205}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 , }{\insrsid12807907 which}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  }{\insrsid12807907 does not include}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8201178  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13962237 
Little Puddle in Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 1,14}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13962237 . }{\insrsid12807907 Dr Clarke }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13962237 ranks her fifth in landed wealth}{\insrsid12807907  among the nobility}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13962237 ; }{
\insrsid12807907 the addition of Puddle would not affect this. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13962237 Baxter, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13962237 Earls of Mercia}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13962237 , p. 129, supplies }{\insrsid12807907 another,
 slightly larger estimate}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13962237  of her manorial income}{\insrsid12807907 , the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6105212 Statistics}{\insrsid12807907  database total (\'a3595) lying between the two}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid13962237 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GYTHA <OF LECONFIELD>. }{\insrsid12807907 
As the name is rare, it is very probable that the Gythas whose manors in the adjacent vills of Leconfield and Raventhorpe in East Yorkshire were acquired by the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6819369 Count of Mortain}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid684667 
5E35}{\insrsid12807907 -36}}}{\insrsid12807907  are the same woman. On similar grounds, she may be Gytha 
of Owston in Lincolnshire. These are the only occurrences of the name in either county, not excluding the Countesses; all the holdings are fairly substantial; and communications between them via the Trent and the Hull presumably possible. However, in the 
absence of tenurial or other associations, Gytha is here treated as another woman.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GYTHA <OF OWSTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, the Gytha who held Owston Ferry in Lincolnshire, acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7961398 Geoffrey of la Guerche}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 63,6;22}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, may be Gytha of Leconfield in East Yorkshire; but there are no links to confirm this.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 HA}{\insrsid12807907 DEMAR OF <`OF STOCKLEIGH'>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 As the four Hademars in Domesday Book are all predecessors of the Count of Mortain, at }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid3802360 P}{\insrsid12807907 erranuthnoe in Cornwall}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 5,23,5}}}{\insrsid12807907  and 'Stockleigh' and Chitterley in Devon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 15,2;18;60}}}{\insrsid12807907 , it
 is highly probable that they are one man; the three Devonshire manors cluster near each other}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par ................................................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HAGNI [* THE REEVE *]. }{\insrsid12807907 All Hagnis in Domesday may be one man. With a single exception, t}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164 he }{\insrsid12807907 fore}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164 
name is confined to Norfolk, borne by a substantial pre-Conquest landowner, }{\insrsid12807907 a thane of the king and archbishop Stigand}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 1,182}}}{\insrsid12807907 , }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164 most of whose estates were absorbed into the royal demesne}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164 1,81-82;84;86-87;182}}}{\insrsid12807907 
; of those which were not, both Weybourne and Pentney are also substantial manors, while Hagni's overlord at Heckingham is Archbishop Stigand}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 6,2. 9,2. 12,42}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164 . }{
\insrsid12807907 Hagni}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164  }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164  also the name of a royal reeve who held a small }{\insrsid12807907 fief}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164  after the Conquest}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164 NFK 56}{\insrsid12807907 ,1-9}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164 , as did his son, Ralph}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164 NFK 57}{\insrsid12807907 
,1-3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164 , both of which passed to the Warenne family: }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11352544 Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid12807907 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164 , pp. 242, 339-340. }{\insrsid12807907 As}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164  the name}{\insrsid12807907  is rare and the distribution restricted,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164  }{\insrsid12807907 it is not unlikely that Hagni the reeve is also the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164 Cock Hagni 
}{\insrsid12807907 at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164  Creake and Burnham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 9,83-85}}}{\insrsid12807907 , whose manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164  devolved upon }{\insrsid12807907 Roger Bigot,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164  }{\insrsid12807907 who acquired Pentney; Creake is another valuable manor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164 .}{\insrsid12807907 
 Dr Lewis suggests that the one other Hagni in Domesday Book, who held the respectable manor of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10361664 Sollers}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10361664 H}{\insrsid12807907 ope in Herefordshire in 1066}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid10361664 HEF 21,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 , may be the same man, perhaps imported from Norfolk by Earl Harold who had earldoms in both counties: Lewis, 'Introduction to the Herefordshire Domesday', p. 12. Hagni's tenancies }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 1410)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  242.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6177960 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HAIM}{\insrsid12807907 ERIC [* OF ARQUES *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 
Haimeric, who held a small fief in Devon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 50,1-5}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is named Haimeric of Arques by }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6177960 Exon}{\insrsid12807907 . on three of the five manors on his fief. T
he name Haimeric does not occur again in Domesday Book. He was presumably from Arques (Pas-de-Calais: arrondissement Saint-Omer). His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}
{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 803)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  242.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HAIMO. }{\insrsid12807907 
Haimo is a fairly common name which occurs on two fiefs and more than sixty manors, distributed among eight counties and the lands of the king and 
eight of his tenants-in-chief, with clusters in Kent, Essex and Suffolk. All Haimos are post-Conquest landowners.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HAIMO [* OF MASCY *]. Haimo}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held tenancies from Earl Hugh in Cheshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 CHS 13}{\insrsid12807907 
,1-7}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . FD7}{\insrsid12807907 ,1-2. 1,22;34. 27,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 22,2;4;6}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 almost certainly }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Haimo }{\insrsid12807907 of Mascy, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 identified }{
\insrsid12807907 by}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the descent of his }{\insrsid12807907 lands: }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 Farrer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 Honors}{\insrsid12807907 , ii. 288-91}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
; }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid488012 Sawyer and Thacker. '}{\insrsid12807907 Domesday survey of Cheshire', p. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 312}{\insrsid12807907 . He was}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  probably from Macey }{\insrsid12807907 
in Lower Normandy }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 (Manche: arrondissement Avranches): Loyd, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1391730 Some Anglo-Norman families}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , pp. 61-62. }{\insrsid12807907 His manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 959)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  242}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HAIMO [* OF VALOGNES *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Haimos who held Parham, Blaxhall, Carlton, Bruisyard, Rendham, Swefling, Benhall and Great Glemham in Suffolk from Count Alan of Brittany}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid3172768 3,88-89;94;98}{\insrsid12807907 -}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3172768 102}}}{\insrsid12807907  are probably Haimo of Valognes, Count Alan's tenant at }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3172768 Wrabetuna}{\insrsid12807907 
 and Blaxhall in the same county, Blaxhall being a vill in which one of the unidentified Haimos had another manor}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 3,15;87}}}{\insrsid12807907 . His}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  descendants held Parham }{\insrsid12807907 and its appurtenances as
}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 5 1/2 fees - }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 the Valognes fee }{\insrsid12807907 - from}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  the Honour of Richmond: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Early Yorkshire charters}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , v. 234-37. }{\insrsid12807907 As Parham is valued at only \'a3
2, it is likely that the remaining holdings are included in the 'appurtenances' of the Valognes fee, the whole being worth approximately \'a314 i
n 1086, not an extravagant endowment for 5 1/2 fees; the manors form a fairly tight cluster between Blaxhall and Bruisyard. Count Alan had no other Haimos on his Honour. The one other unidentified Haimo in East Anglia, at Hundon on the other side of the c
ounty}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 
\tab SUF }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14224236 25,12}}}{\insrsid12807907 , may be another man. Haimo's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 753)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  242-43, apart from Rendham, Swefling, Benhall, assigned to the Count's demesne; the tenant of Hundon is unidentified (no. 13334).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HAIMO [* THE SHERIFF *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Haimo the sheriff, alias Haimo the steward, was steward to both the Conqueror and William Rufus, and sheriff of Kent: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14702861 Domesday Monachorum}
{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 55-56. He was a tenant-in-chief in Essex, Kent and Surrey, and held tenancies in Kent from the archbishop of Canterbury and the bishop of Bayeux; in Surrey from Chertsey abbey, and in Essex from the king, in all of 
which he is accorded one of his two bynames. At Nettlestead in Kent}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 5,96}}}{\insrsid12807907  he is identified as the sheriff in the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14702861 Domesday Monachorum}{
\insrsid12807907  (p. 103); and he is probably the Haimo on the royal manor of Hatfield Broad Oak}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 1,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 , where he is associated with Ralph of Marcy, his tenant on seven manors in the county. He is}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  also }{\insrsid12807907 likely to be the Haimo on an unnamed holding}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 in the county, where his man Richard had annexed land and 'still has the booty from it'}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
ESS 89,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 , the sheriff being the only Haimo with a tenant named Richard. Haimo's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 282)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907 , p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  242.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 HAIMO [* THE SHERIFF *]'S SON. The son of Haimo whose Holding is referred to at Notley in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 20,6}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 is - if not a scribal error - probably }{\insrsid12807907 Haimo, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 son of Haimo the sheriff}{\insrsid12807907 , since}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  he is associated with Ralph of Marcy (}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ), a tenant of the sheriff. }{\insrsid12807907 However, his appearance at Notley may be a scribal error - }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 though it is }{\insrsid12807907 
not apparent}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  what }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 feudo filii hamonis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  might be }{\insrsid12807907 
a corruption of - since this entry is a duplicate of part of the sheriff's manor of Notley}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 28,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 , where Ralph was the tenant of the sheriff himself. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14702861 
The only son of Haimo named in Domesday Book is Geoffrey, a tenant of Richard son of Count Gilbert, who appears to be unrelated. }{\insrsid12807907 The sheriff did, however, have a son named Haimo, who succeeded him in his lands and office: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907 , p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  242.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HAKON. }{\insrsid12807907 Hakon is not a particularly common name, occurring twenty-one times, distributed among nine counties between Wiltshire and Yorkshire, and the lands of 
the king and fifteen of his tenants-in-chief; three manors are held by Hakons in 1086.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HAKON <OF ASHE>. }{\insrsid12807907 Hakon, whose share in Ashe in Derbyshire was acquired by Henry of Ferrers}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 6,37}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has no links with other Hakons.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HAKON <OF STAVELEY>. }{\insrsid12807907 The Hakons whose manors of Barlow and Staveley in Derbyshire were acquired by Haimo of Mascy are probably one man}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 12,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, who is possibly also the Hakon at Calow}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 17,9}}}{\insrsid12807907 , all these manors being within six miles of one of the others. Hakon was a fairly substantia
l landholder so may have had other estates in the area, the most likely being that at Rotherham in Yorkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid684667 5W13}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, twelve miles to the north, or even the predecessor of Henry of Ferrers at Ashe; but there are no links to confirm either identification.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \cbpat8 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HAMELIN}{\insrsid12807907 
. Hamelin is a rare name, distributed among five counties between Cornwall and Yorkshire and the lands of the king and four of his tenants-in-chief, probably borne by no more than that number of individuals, all post-Conquest landowners.}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid8851235 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 HAMELIN [* OF CORNWALL *]. As }{\insrsid12807907 his}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  name is rare, it is probable that the Hamelin who held a fief from the Count of Mortain in Cornwall is his tenant on two other mano}{
\insrsid12807907 rs in the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 5,5,1-22}}}{\insrsid12807907 , one a part of the royal manor of Winnianton at 'Crawle', where Hamelin held the other part of the vill}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 1,1. 5,5,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , the other}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 stolen by the Count from one of the Cornish churches, a consistent feature of his endowment of his tenants}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 2,14}}}{
\insrsid12807907 . Hamelin held}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  two more }{\insrsid12807907 manors from Count Robert }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 in Devon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 15,8;43}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. There are no other Hamelins in the south-western counties or on the Honour of the Count of Mortain. Hamelin is perhaps }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 the Hamelin of Cornwall who witnessed a charter of Count William of Mortain, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 circa}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  1103-1106, his style suggesting he may have been sheriff of the county}{\insrsid12807907 . There is no docum
entary evidence for this, and he is not listed among the English sheriffs identified by Professor Green; but no sheriff of Cornwall prior to 1086 has been identified}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Calendar of documents: France}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 437}{\insrsid12807907 ; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid467570 English sheriffs}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 33, 35}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Hamelin}{\insrsid12807907 's}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 164) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 243.

\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2454779 HARDING.}{\insrsid12807907  Although the name Harding is stat
ed or implied on forty-eight manors, it is a rare name in the sense that it was probably by few individuals, perhaps fewer than half-a-dozen. The manors - many of them substantial - are distributed among eleven counties and the lands of the king and nine 
of his tenants-in-chief. Roughly a third of the manors were held by survivors in 1086.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2454779 HARDING <OF COVEHITHE>. Harding}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2454779  }{\insrsid12807907 who had a smallholder and four oxen at Covehithe in Suffolk acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7303531 
Roger Bigot}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15352505 SUF 7,25}}}{\insrsid12807907 , has no links with his namesakes, though as the name is rare he may be the Harding at Horswold, some thirty miles south-west of Covehithe.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HARDING <OF HORSENDEN>. }{\insrsid12807907 The Hardings who held Horsenden and Bradenham among the king's thanes in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 57,14-15}}}{\insrsid12807907  are almost certainly the 
same man, the name being rare and the vills four miles apart. It is possible, even likely, that he is Harding son of Alnoth, though there are no links to confirm this}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15352505 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15352505 VCH }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5396035 Buckinghamshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5396035 , ii. 254; iii. 35.}{\insrsid12807907  He is identified as Alnoth's son in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10563489 Coel}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HARDING <OF HORSWOLD>. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2454779 Harding}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2454779  }{\insrsid12807907 who shared four oxen with another free man at Horswold in Suffolk acquired by }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid467570 Roger of Auberville}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15352505 SUF }{\insrsid12807907 29,9}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has no links with his namesakes, though as the name is rare he may be the Harding at Covehithe, some thirty miles north-east of Horswold.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HARDING [* OF OXFORD *]. }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid15754804 Harding}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15754804  }{\insrsid12807907 who shared with Leofeva nine }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15352505 messuages}{\insrsid12807907  in Oxford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF B10}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is probably }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5396035 Harding of Oxford}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5396035  }{\insrsid12807907 who granted Eynsham abbey two houses in the city}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5396035  }{\insrsid12807907 
before going to }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5396035 Jerusalem, }{\insrsid12807907 where he died: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5396035 Eynsham }{\i\insrsid12807907 c}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5396035 artulary}{\insrsid12807907 , i. 37. He may be}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid5396035  the}{\insrsid12807907  Harding reputed to have strangled a lion with his bare hands in Constantinople at about the time of the Domesday Survey: William of Malmesbury, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15352505 Gesta }{
\i\insrsid12807907 r}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15352505 egum}{\insrsid12807907 , ii. 245-46.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15754804  }{\insrsid12807907 His death in the Holy Land precludes the possibility that h
e is Harding son of Alnoth, who was alive when William of Malmesbury was writing in the 1120s: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15352505 Gesta }{\i\insrsid12807907 r}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15352505 egum}{\insrsid12807907 , i. 470-71. His manor is}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 4732)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15754804 244}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9573815 HARDING [* SON OF ALNOTH *]. The }{\insrsid12807907 Hardings who held thirteen manors in 1086, and thirty-three before the Conquest, are probably }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9573815 Harding son of Alnoth}{
\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9573815  }{\insrsid12807907 so-named at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9573815  Lopen among the royal}{\insrsid12807907  thanes in Somerset in 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 47,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. His father was the English magnate, Ednoth the constable (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2182095 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
) - Alnoth and Ednoth being sometimes confused by the scribe - and he was the ancestor of the Merriott family in Somerset and of Robert fitz Hardin
g, the wealthy burgess of Bristol. There is little reason to doubt that he is the Harding who held the five manors among the royal thanes of Somerset which follow Lopen}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 47,4-8}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, although the scribe has omitted an 'also' in three cases; he is named as the son of Alnoth owing geld on 1.125 hides in the Geld Roll for 'Abdick' Hundred which must refer to one or more of these manors where his patronymic is omitted: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2182095 VCH Somerset}{\insrsid12807907 , i. 536. His most substantial manor was at Merriott}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 47,6}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, from which he is named in the Geld Roll for }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11427358 Crewkerne Hundred}{\insrsid12807907  where Merriott lay; his son Nicholas held it at a later date: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2182095 VCH Somerset}{\insrsid12807907 
, i. 532; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2182095 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 85. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4344239 Dr Williams suggests that the Harding }{\insrsid12807907 at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4344239  Wheatenhurst in Gloucestershire }{
\insrsid12807907 in 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }
{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 78,15}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4344239  is Alnoth's son, as the nearest of the Domesday Hardings to Bristol, where his descendants were to flourish}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4204244 
English and the Norman Conquest}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 120.
\par \tab One other Harding held land in Somerset in 1086, as a tenant of Glastonbury abbey at Cranmore}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 8,32}}}{\insrsid12807907 . He is named Harding of Wilton in the Geld Roll for Frome}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11427358  Hundred}{
\insrsid12807907 , and so may be the royal thane Harding in Wiltshire, who retained his manors for two decades}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 67,60-62}}}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2182095 VCH Somerset}{\insrsid12807907 
, i. 537. He is probably also the Harding who held Bredy in Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 43,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , held by Berengar Giffard in 1086 but farmed in 1086 by his predecesso
r according to the Geld Roll for the Hundred in which Bredy lay: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2182095 VCH }{\i\insrsid12807907 Dorset}{\insrsid12807907 , iii. 131. It is also likely he is the Harding at Alton in Hampshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 6,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and 'Burley' in Berkshire in 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 65,17}}}{\insrsid12807907 , both previously held by Queen Edith from whom Harding is said to have held
 'Burley'. He is likely to be Queen Edith's butler of that name, recorded in the Waltham charter of 1062 and the butler of subsequent charter of 1065: Keynes, 'Regenbald the chancellor', pp. 206-207. His service with the queen may explain his byname, Quee
n
 Edith being the patron of Wilton abbey, which she rebuilt, where she was educated, to which she was exiled in the crisis of 1051-1053, and where she may have passed her widowhood; it was also where she held court in 1072 at a meeting of her counsellors w
here Harding was present: Stafford, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3016954 Queen Emma }{\i\insrsid12807907 &}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3016954  Queen Edith}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 109, 145, 257-59, 264-65, 269-70.
\par \tab As Harding of Wilton held land in both 1066 and 1086, he is possibly to be identified with the pre-Conquest lord of six of the remaining eight Wiltshire manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 23,1-6}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, two of which were within a mile of two of his Wilton manors, and another within three miles, an unlikely clustering if the Hardings were different individuals, the only two in the county and both survivors. A seventh manor, at Winterslow}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
WIL 20,6}}}{\insrsid12807907 , lay in the same vill as one of the other six. Those six were acquired by Earl Aubrey of Coucy, who obtained his fief in Leicestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 10,1-17}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, and three of his manors in Warwickshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 14,1;3;6}}}{\insrsid12807907 , from an Harding, presumably Queen Edith's butler. He may also be the one other Harding in Warwickshire, a tenant of Thorkil of Warwick at Hodnell}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
WAR 17,30}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4344239 , which lay between the three Coucy manors.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par \tab Harding of Merriott, the son of Alnoth, of Somerset and Gloucestershire, and Harding of Wilton, Queen Edith's butler, of Somerset and six other counties
, have been identified as the same man by Dr Clarke and others, an identification considered improbable by Dr Williams on the grounds that Harding son of Alnoth is reported by William of Malmesbury to be alive and active in the 1120s, and so unlikely to h
ave held land in 1066: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13569439 Gesta regum}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13569439 , }{\insrsid12807907 i}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13569439 . 4}{\insrsid12807907 70-}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13569439 71}{\insrsid12807907 ; }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4204244 English and the Norman Conquest}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 119-22. However, while unlikely, it is not impossible, and the Harding who according to Domesday Book held Beechingstoke in Wiltshire from Shaftesbury abbey in 1066
}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
WIL 12,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  is almo
st certainly Harding son of Alnoth, since his daughter was a nun in the abbey and he was in possession of the manor in the 1120s: Williams, 'Knights of Shaftesbury abbey', pp. 227-28. Beechingstoke is just a few miles from a cluster of the manors assigned
 
to Harding of Wilton. On general grounds, too, the identification is likely, since two survivors with more than modest holdings in the same area, with a name borne by few individuals, is statistically unlikely. Other Domesday landowners - Forne son of Sig
ulf, Frawin of Cornwall and Roger of Beaumont - may have lived as long as Harding.
\par \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 A list of }{\insrsid12807907 his}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  manor}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 English }{\i\insrsid12807907 
n}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 obility}{\i\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 pp. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13569439 282-83}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 , }{\insrsid12807907 which}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  }{
\insrsid12807907 includes every manor held by an Harding before the Conquest except two small holdings in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 7,25. 29,9}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Dr Clarke ranks the combined wealth of Harding and his father Ednoth twenty-seventh among the nobility, sixteenth among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 
untitled laymen; additional manors assigned to Ednoth would raise them two and one places respectively. Apart from Harding of Oxford, all 1086 Hardings recorded}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11210495  }{\insrsid12807907 in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 557) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9265289 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907 
, p. 244, are identified there as Harding son of Alnoth, including those here identified as Harding of Horsenden.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid5840239 HARDWIN. The name Hardwin is not uncommon}{
\insrsid12807907 , occurring on two fiefs and more than three dozen other manors;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5840239  but }{\insrsid12807907 it is rare in the sense fewer than half-a-dozen names may be ident
ified with some confidence as one of two individuals named in the text, the exceptions being two Hardwins each in Cheshire and Suffolk and one in Northamptonshire.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HARDWIN [* }{\insrsid12807907 BROTHER OF EARL RALPH}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  *]. }{\insrsid12807907 It is likely that most Hardwins in East Anglia are }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 the }{\insrsid12807907 
son of Ralph the constable and brother of Earl Ralph Wader}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{\insrsid12807907 who lost his lands in the aftermath of Ralph Wader's rebellion in 1075. He is }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 named }{\insrsid12807907 
as Ralph's brother, accused of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 removing a half-mill from each of two adjacent vills in Suffolk, presumably the halves of a shared mill}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 2,10. 7,67}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. He is almost certainly the Hardwin at Barking, holding free men from Ely abbey 'when he forfeited'}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5840239 SUF 21,16}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, presumably in 1076 when his brother lost his lands. All three cases refer to the period after the Conquest, his intermediate status allowing him to be identified as the Hardwin at Brundon in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5840239 ESS 49,1}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , Repps in Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 19,20}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and Blakenham, Weston and Creeting in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 9,1-2. 23,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Three of these manors were acquired by William of Ecouis, who obtained all but one of Hardwin's manors in Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 19,27-28;32;36}}}{\insrsid12807907 , as well as others from those disinherited after 1075. The remaining manor, at Didlington}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid6691154 NFK 28,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 , was held by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5840239 Ralph of Lim\'e9sy}{\insrsid12807907 
 in 1086, who also succeeded Hardwin at Brundon in Essex. Two other Hardwins held land in England before 1066, both free men on tiny holdings in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 6,46. 39,5}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, presumably different individuals.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HARDWIN [* OF SCALES *]. }{\insrsid12807907 All}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Hardwins in Cambridgeshire and Hertfordshire are probably Hardwin of Scales, tenant-in-chief in those counties. }{\insrsid12807907 
He is identified as the tenant of Count Alan at Reed}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 16,5}}}{\insrsid12807907 , where he also held in chief, by the tenure of the Scalers fee from Count Alan's descendants: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14833050 Early Yorkshire charters}{
\insrsid12807907 , v. 260-65. On four Cambridgeshire manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14833050 5,7;10. 14,22. 19,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 , his byname is supplied by the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14833050 Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis}{
\insrsid12807907  (ed. Hamilton, pp. 18, 54 107); the other ten Hardwins in the county occur on the fief of Ely abbey, in every case in vills where he was a tenant-in-chief}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14899084 
5,5;17;19;21-22;26;29-30;32;35}}}{\insrsid12807907 . His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 633)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{
\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  244-45.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HARDWULF. }{\insrsid12807907 The name Hardwulf occurs three times, on modest holdings distributed among three widely separated counties and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 the lands of
 as many tenants-in-chief, borne by pre-Conquest lords, one of whom survived until 1086.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HARDWULF <OF }{\insrsid12807907 BRADLEY}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 Hardwulf, whose land valued at ten shillings at Bradley in Devon in 1066 was acquired by the bishop of Coutances}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid15352505 DEV 3,79}}}{\insrsid12807907 , has no links with his two namesakes, both remote and as poorly endowed.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HARDWULF <OF }{\insrsid12807907 BURNSALL}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 Hardwulf, who retained land without recorded resources at Burnsall in Yorkshire for two decades}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid15352505 YKS 29}{\insrsid12807907 W}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15352505 42}}}{\insrsid12807907 , has no links with his two namesakes, both remote and as poorly endowed; he is the only survivor among them.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HARDWULF <OF COTTAM>. }{\insrsid12807907 Hardwulf, whose modest manor valued at sixteen shillings at Cottam in Nottinghamshire was acquired by Roger of Bully}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15352505 NTT 9,18}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , has no links with his two namesakes, both remote and as poorly endowed.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HAROLD}{\insrsid12807907 .}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 
Harold is one of the most common names in Domesday Book, occurring several hundred times in total, in every county except Derbyshire and Northamptonshire, and on the fiefs of almost a hundred tenants-in-chief. Howe
ver, if those who are named or identified as the two earls - Harold Godwinson and Harold son of Earl Ralph - are excluded, there are about two dozen names, distributed among a dozen counties and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 
the lands of fifteen tenants-in-chief, occurring at different dates.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HAROLD [* BROTHER OF AELFRIC AND GUTHFRITHR *]. }{
\insrsid12807907 It is possible that all Harolds in Lincolnshire other than Earl Harold are the brother of Aelfric and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15948971 Guth}{\insrsid12807907 f}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15948971 rithr}{\insrsid12807907 
, named as predecessor of the bishop of Durham in the Lincolnshire Claims}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN CS9;21-22}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; the bishop acquired Kirkby-on-Bain and Keddington from him}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 3,13-15;27-30}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Less certainly, Aelfric's brother may be the Harold at Westlaby}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 14,43}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. The bishop's dispute with Eudo concerned rights which he claimed his predecessor, Harold, had in Langton-by-Wragby. Harold's interest is not recorded in the relevant entry}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10308030 LIN 3,10}}}{
\insrsid12807907 ; but Westlaby is just a few miles from Langton, and the bishop also held land in the nearby vill of Snarford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 3,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. As the only significant landowner in the region other than the earl, Harold may be Harold the constable, who had '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10308030 full jurisdiction and market rights}{\insrsid12807907 ' in the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN T5}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 but not, apparently, any land there or in any other county.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 [* EARL *] HAROLD. }{\insrsid12807907 
Most unidentified Harolds in Domesday Book are probably Earl Harold Godwinson, the scribes bei
ng particularly remiss in omitting his title, far more often than seems to be the case with his fellow earls. His identification is these cases is suggested by two general considerations: first, apart from Harold son of Earl Ralph, only two other Harolds 
in Domesday Book have a title or byname (both in Lincolnshire); and, secondly,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8935066  in }{\insrsid12807907 twenty}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8935066  counties where Harold}{\insrsid12807907 
's identity is not in doubt, only five other Harolds are named, four of them post-Conquest tenants, the one pre-Conquest landowner, a free man with a virgate in Hampshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 1,W1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Two other counties offer few difficulties. In Nottinghamshire, the unidentified Harolds from whom Earl Hugh of Chester acquired three of his four manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 3,1-3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are probably the earl, who preceded him in seven other counties; while the Harold who shared a modest holding at Keyworth acquired by Roger of Bully is unlikely to be him}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 9,88}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, Roger succeeding the earl nowhere else. Buckinghamshire presents the one ambiguous case: Harold of Tyringham, the one untitled Harold in the county, is conceivably the earl, though probably not.
\par \tab Of the remaining counties in Great Domesday, the Harolds in Berkshire, Kent, Wiltshire, Hertfordshire, Worcestershire, Herefordshire and Yorkshire present only minor problems. The Harolds on seven royal manors in Berkshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
BRK 1,34-36;39-40;44-45}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and the Harold who preceded Earl Hugh of Chester at Drayton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 18,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , are unlikely to be anyone other than the earl; the Harold at Barcote}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 65,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 less certainly so, though the manor is a respectable one and had passed through the Conqueror's hands. In Kent, only E
arl Harold is likely to have had such a well-endowed a concubine, or to have behaved violently towards the Church with impunity, or to be the lord of men}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN C4. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10638385 P20. 5,14;18}}}{
\insrsid12807907 ; and in Yorkshire, where Earl Harold was a major landowner, the Harold who held the very valuable (\'a332) manor of Cleeton and its dependency}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 14E8;54}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 is surely the earl, the Harold with fourteen carucates at Rothwell and its dependencies probably - though less certainly - so}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 9W119}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. There is no doubt at all that Harold and Godwin, reported as exiled or acting together in the Herefordshire folios}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11168014 HEF 19,2}{\insrsid12807907 -3;8}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, are the two earls exiled in 1051, little doubt that }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14231632 Harold's }{\insrsid12807907 '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14231632 war against the Norsemen}{\insrsid12807907 ' mentioned in a Worcestershire entry}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
WOR 26,16}}}{\insrsid12807907  refers to King Harold's Stamford Bridge campaign. Almost as certainly, the earl is the one unidentified Harold in Hertfordshire, a lord of men in a county where he was overwhelmingly the greatest lay landowner}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid11623792 HRT 17,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Finally, the one untitled Harold in Wiltshire - at Clyffe Pypard}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 28,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 - is circled by the earl's manors. Clyffe was held by Miles Crispin, who acquired the previous and a subsequent manor from the earl}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 28,2;11}}}{\insrsid12807907 .}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid10638385 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 \tab Most unidentified Harolds in Great Domesday occur in Sussex and Surrey, in both of which counties the earl was the greatest lay landowner in 1066. In Surrey, his identity at Pyrford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10638385 SUR 6,5}}}{
\insrsid12807907  is established by a royal writ (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10638385 Regesta}{\insrsid12807907 , i. no. xviii, p. 123), and at Oxted, Lambeth and Streatham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUR 15,1. 17,1;4}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 by references to his mother and his relationship with the Canons of Waltham, his foundation. He is probably the Harold who held the valuable manor of Limpsfield used to endow Battle abbey and also the Harold whose men held two others}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUR 5,16;27. 11,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and more likely than not the one other Harold in the county, on the modestly prosperous manor of Wotton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUR 36,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, acquired by the tenant who held the following manor from the earl. In Sussex, the Godwinson heartland, the very largest manors will have been Earl Harold's. Of those valued at less than \'a320, Compton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 10,23}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 lay in Laughton, where his father held the main manor; Tottington in Findon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 1}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10638385 3,7}{\insrsid12807907 ;11}}}{\insrsid12807907 , was worth \'a328; and Fulking}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUS 12,29}}}{\insrsid12807907  in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10638385 Shipley}{\insrsid12807907 , which is not recorded in Domesday Book but is adjacent to Steyning where the Harold who held the borough worth \'a386 must be Harold Godwinson}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid11623792 SUS 5,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 . The remaining Harolds are overlords, so probably the earl}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 11,26. 13,23;25;28-29}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, there apparently being no other Harolds with demesne holdings in the county.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10638385 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 \tab In Great Domesday, therefore,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  there are }{\insrsid12807907 comparatively few }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 uncertaint}{\insrsid12807907 ies}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  }{
\insrsid12807907 in identifying the earl, and very few Harolds who are not the earl. There is no reason to suppose that matters are different in the three counties of Little Domesday, once part of Harol
d's earldom. This is important because unidentified Harolds occur far more frequently there than anywhere else - more times in each one of the three counties than in all of Great Domesday - but the earl is given his title only once in each county}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 ESS B3k. NFK 3,2. SUF 68,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 . In itse
lf, of course, this may reflect the scribes' knowledge that other Harolds were extremely rare, if they existed at all. It is possible that there was only one such. Elsewhere,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  the royal estates, the larger manors, }{
\insrsid12807907 his}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  lordship over men, his territorial predominance in some areas, association with members of his family, }{\insrsid12807907 high-handed acts of violence, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 
and relationships between estates, }{\insrsid12807907 point to his identity.
\par \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11564255 English nobility}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 , pp. 16}{\insrsid12807907 9}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 -91, lists }{\insrsid12807907 Harold's manors}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 . }{\insrsid12807907 The list}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  }{\insrsid12807907 does not include}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  }{\insrsid12807907 manors named onl
y in satellite texts or without valuations, or the demesne manors of Heddington, Hullavington and Latton (doubtful) in Wiltshire; St Stephens in Cornwall; Kimbolton and its dependencies in Huntingdonshire; Stoneley in Cheshire; Childerditch in Essex; Dere
ham (doubtful) or Panworth in Norfolk; or those of Harold's men at Balham in Surrey; Amwell in Hertfordshire; Wavendon in Buckinghamshire; Lexham, Ingworth and Spixworth in Norfolk; or Bealings and }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14712383 Derneford}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14712383  in Suffolk.}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Harold was, by a very considerable ma
rgin, the wealthiest English landowner after the king, far wealthier in demesne lands than any of the Conqueror's tenants-in-chief}{\insrsid12807907 , even without taking the lands of his dead father into account}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. Baxter, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Earls of Mercia}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 129, supplies other estimates of his manorial income}{\insrsid12807907 , all lower than his own (\'a33174); the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6105212 
Statistics}{\insrsid12807907  database total is higher still than his estimate (\'a33432). Williams, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 'Land and power', p}{\insrsid12807907 
p. 171-72, calculates his assessed land as approximately 2400 hides/carucates, the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3165581 Statistics}{\insrsid12807907  database as 2850}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HAROLD <OF BISHOPSTONE>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare in 1086, the tenants of the bishop of Chichester at Bishopstone and Aldingbourne}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 3,1;3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are probably one man, despite the distance separating the vills. This Harold is the best endowed of the survivors so it is not improbable that he is also Hugh of Montfort's tenant on two manors in East Kent}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 9,50-51}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, not much further from Bishopstone than it is from Aldingbourne. Harold's manors in Kent }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{
\insrsid12807907 (no. 8805)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 249; the Sussex tenants are unidentified (nos. 15644, 15654).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HAROLD <OF CLAPCOT>. }{\insrsid12807907 Harold, who held a tiny subtenancy from Miles Crispin at Clapcot in Berkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16394363 BRK 33,4}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , has no links with his namesakes. He is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1727758 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 949).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HAROLD <OF CODDENHAM>. }{\insrsid12807907 The abbot of Ely's free man with a plough and a couple of smallholders at Coddenham in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 16,20}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 in 1066 may be the free man with a similarly modest holding at }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2454779 Thurleston}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 25,60}}}{\insrsid12807907 , four miles away.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HAROLD <OF KEYWORTH>. }{\insrsid12807907 Harold, who shared a modest holding at Keyworth in Nottinghamshire acquired by Roger of Bully}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 9,88}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has no links with his namesakes.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HAROLD <OF KNIGHTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 The thane Harold who held a virgate worth five shillings and the fifth part of a mill worth 22d in the royal manor of Knighton on the Isle of Wight before the Conquest}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
HAM 1,W1}}}{\insrsid12807907  has no links with his namesakes; he is unlikely to be the earl.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HAROLD <OF TYRINGHAM>. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3688354 Harold}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3688354  who held }{\insrsid12807907 three}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3688354  hides at Tyringham }{
\insrsid12807907 in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 17,22}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3688354  }{\insrsid12807907 may be}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3688354  the thane who had sh}{\insrsid12807907 
ared ownership of the following}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3688354  unnamed manor, probably at Astwood some eight miles away}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 17,23}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, both acquired by William son of Ansculf}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3688354 .}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3688354 It is just possible }{\insrsid12807907 that he}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3688354 
 is Earl Harold Godwinson, despite his holding being conflated with that of four other thanes (normal bureaucratic procedure in circuit three). }{\insrsid12807907 This is suggested by a number of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3688354 coincidences. Harold }{
\insrsid12807907 of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3688354  Tyringham is the only Harold other than }{\insrsid12807907 the e}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3688354 arl who was a lord of men before the Conquest, }{\insrsid12807907 though he apparently}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid3688354  had no }{\insrsid12807907 manors other than these}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3688354 , and no men other than Godric. He is the only Harold apart from the earl to have a wife who }{\insrsid12807907 held}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid3688354  land in her own right. Earl Harold and his men were }{\insrsid12807907 also }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3688354 predecessors of William son of Ansculf and his uncle Giles elsewhere in the county}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
BUK 17,2;5-6. 51,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3688354 . }{\insrsid12807907 T}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3688354 he name of his wife, Aelfeva (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3688354 Aluueua}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3688354 )}{\insrsid12807907 
, however, seems to preclude an identification. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3688354 The earl's wife, named in Domesday Book only as the wife of her first husband, King Gruffydd (d. 1063), }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3688354  }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3688354 Aldgeat}{\cs23\i\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WOR 19,13}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3688354  or }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3688354 Aldgid}{\cs23\i\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 6,5}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3688354 , variously }{
\insrsid12807907 rendered}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3688354  as Aldid, Aldgyth, Edith (}{\insrsid12807907 Orderic Vitalis,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3688354  i}{\insrsid12807907 i. 138, 216)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3688354 
 or Ealdgyth. But the scribe committed }{\insrsid12807907 worse blunders in dealing}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3688354  with Old English name-forms.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HAROLD <OF WESTLECOTT>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare in 1086, it is not unlikely that the Harold with a modestly substantial tenancy from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16394363 Hugh the ass}{\insrsid12807907 
 at Westlecott in Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 50,2}}}{\insrsid12807907  is the one other survivor there, at Enford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 2,10}}}{\insrsid12807907 , though this is on the other side of the county. Both are unidentified in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1727758 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (nos. 16582, 17072).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HAROLD <OF WHITNEY>. }{\insrsid12807907 Harold, who held a waste holding worth six shillings at Whitney in Herefordshire from the Canons of St Guthlac's in 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 6,10}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has no links with his namesakes, though it is just possible that he is Harold son of Earl Ralph, who held land elsewhere in the county. He is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1727758 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 30239).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HAROLD }{\insrsid12807907 [* SON OF EARL RALPH *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Harold, son of Earl Ralph of Hereford (d. 1057), held land as a minor before the Conquest}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
MDX 9,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  and had small fiefs in Gloucestershire, Worcestershire and Warwickshire in 1086. He is almost certainly the Harold who had two or four messuages in Warwick which 'belong to the lands which these barons hold outside the Boro
ugh'}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 
\tab WAR B2}}}{\insrsid12807907 , since he is the only Harold with land in the county, though it is curious that his name occurs twice in the list of 'barons'. It is possible, though unlikely, that he is the surviving Harold at Whitney in Herefordshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
HEF 6,10}}}{\insrsid12807907 . His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 2572)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 245 as Harold of Ewyas; the tenant at Whitney is unidentified (no. 30239.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par HAWARTH <OF STOKESLEY>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 The name Hawarth is entirely confined to the adjacent wapentakes of Allerton and Langbaurgh in the North Riding of Yorkshire where the tight cluster of seventeen vills}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
YKS 1N22-24;118;120-122. 29N8-9}}}{\insrsid12807907  spanning fifteen miles from east to west very probably belonged to one man, the lord of the very valuable manor of Stokesley}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 29N8-9}}}{\insrsid12807907 
; only the king, the earls, the archbishop and two magnates had more valuable manors. Hawarth was an early casualty of the Conquest, the Yorkshire Claims recording that his land was held by William Malet '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11469411 
before the castle was taken}{\insrsid12807907 '}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS CN3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Dr Newman doubts that William Malet 'ever came into actual seisin' of Hawarth's land, largely on the grounds that Hawarth's recorded land lay far beyond the area the Normans are thought to have controlled by September 1069: }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8214004 Yorkshire Domesday }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8214004 Clamores}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 '}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 265-69. But direct evidence for the area under Norman control is slight, and there appears to be no substantial reason to doubt the explicit statement of the jurors about Malet's possession of Hawa
rth's lands. As Hawarth was clearly a significant landowner, Dr Fleming's judgement that Malet's predecessors 'were an undistinguished lot', needs some modification: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11469411 Kings and lords}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 159-60.

\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HEALFDENE. }{\insrsid12807907 Healfdene is common name, with a skewed distribution, most names occurring in Suffolk and the adjacent counties of Lincolnshire, Nottinghamshire, and Yorkshire, a 
pattern suggesting a few significant landowners among the small fry. Seventeen manors were held by survivors, all but two of them in Lincolnshire and Nottinghamshire.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9649830 HEALFDENE <OF CROMWELL>. }{\insrsid12807907 I}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9649830 t is }{\insrsid12807907 likely}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9649830  that most if not all }{\insrsid12807907 fourteen }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid9649830 Healfdenes in Nottinghamshire are }{\insrsid12807907 one}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9649830  man}{\insrsid12807907 , the lord of Cromwell, where he had a church}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 30,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 : Thoroton, }{
\i\insrsid12807907 A}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4467050 ntiquities of Nottinghamshire}{\insrsid12807907 , i. 169-70}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9649830 . Of the twelve survivors among them, eleven are recorded among the king's}{\insrsid12807907  thanes}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NTT 30,2-6;30;33;36;45;47-48}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9649830 , seven preceded by an Ulfkil, while in two other cases no pre-Conquest lord is recorded and }{\insrsid12807907 a tenth}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9649830  is }{\insrsid12807907 held by an }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid9649830 anonymous}{\insrsid12807907  group}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9649830 . All were in vills a few miles from o
ne or more of the others, in several cases in adjacent vills. The one other survivor in the county was a tenant of the Count of Mortain at Normanton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 4,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{
\insrsid12807907 eight to }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ten }{\insrsid12807907 miles from the holdings of Healfdene of Cromwell at Widmerpool, Chilwell and Toton}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 As only one other }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid9649830 Healfdene}{\insrsid12807907  may have}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9649830  }{\insrsid12807907 
survived in the other thirty-three counties combined (below), it is likely the Nottinghamshire survivors are one man. Four manors were held by other survivors, three in the West Riding of Lincolnshire where one is a priest and 
the others likely to be so too}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1463700 68,}{\insrsid12807907 28;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1463700 32}{\insrsid12807907 ;34}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and so probably not the Nottinghamshire thane. The fourth thane probably is (below).}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9649830 
\par \tab Healfdene }{\insrsid12807907 of Cromwell }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9649830 may }{\insrsid12807907 also }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9649830 be the pre-Conquest lord of seven manors in Nottinghamshire. }{\insrsid12807907 Of these, }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid9649830 Chilwell is a jurisdiction of Toton, and Broxtowe and Watnall of Nuthall}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9649830 NTT 10,25-26;40-42. 13,5}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9649830 ; only Broadholme}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NTT 21,3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9649830  }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9649830  at a distance from the others. Although none of the post-Conquest holdings are }{\insrsid12807907 in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9649830 
the same vills, Trowell lies between Nuthall and Toton, while Awsworth}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9649830 NTT 30,30;}{\insrsid12807907 33}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9649830  is }{\insrsid12807907 
adjacent to Broxtowe, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9649830 a mile from Nuthall,}{\insrsid12807907  and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9649830  two from Watnall.}{\insrsid12807907  The two Healfdenes in Derbyshire may also be }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1463700 
Healfdene of Cromwell. }{\insrsid12807907 This is very likely the case at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1463700  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1463700 Esnotrewic}{\cs23\i\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 7,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 , where}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid1463700  he was succeeded by William Peverel}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1463700  who acquired most of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9649830 Healfdene}{\insrsid12807907 's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9649830  }{
\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1463700  in Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 30,25-26;40-42}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and probably also }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1463700 at }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1463700 
Vlvritune}{\cs23\i\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 17,19}}}{\insrsid12807907 , held by the one remaining survivor among the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1463700  royal thane}{\insrsid12807907 s; though a lost vill, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1463700 
its position in the text suggests it cannot be too far across the county border from those of the Nottinghamshire thane.}{\insrsid12807907  Healfdene's Nottinghamshire tenancies }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 3807)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  134; the priest is identified as another man (no. 3808), the other tenants being unidentified (nos. 32512, 34889, 34891).}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1463700 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HEALFDENE }{\insrsid12807907 <}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OF }{\insrsid12807907 HANSLOPE>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 
Healfdene, who held Tewin in Hertfordshire in 1066 which he retained as a tenant of Peter of Valognes}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 36,19}}}{\insrsid12807907 , may be the juror in Broadwater Hundred recorded in the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1338073 
Inquisition Eliensis}{\insrsid12807907 
 (ed. Hamilton, p. 100). He was a royal thane, evidently a significant figure since the Conqueror granted him and his mother Tewin 'for the soul of his son Richard, as he says himself and shows through his writ'; Peter tried to 
wrest the manor from him, claiming another royal grant. As his name is uncommon in southern England, Healfdene is probably also Peter's predecessor at Higham Hill in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 36,6}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, and the royal Guard at Hanslope and Earl Harold's man at Chearsley, both in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 23,10. 46,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, all three valuable manors held by the only Healfdenes in those counties; Hanslope, in particular, is a high status manor (\'a326). It was held in 1086 by Winemar of Flanders, who also acquired three of his five manors in Northamptonshire from Healfdene}
{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NTH 40,1;4-5}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Chearsley was held by Miles Crispin, who obtained two of his Berkshire manors from Healfdene}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 33,6-7}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, all three being subinfeudated by Miles to Richard son of Rainfrid (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14823692 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ), as was Ickford in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 23,8}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, and Swyncombe, Draycot and Alkerton in Oxfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 35,16;32-33}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, where no pre-Conquest lords are named, possibly therefore all held by Healfdene in 1066. It is not unlikely that one or more of the three Healfdenes in Gloucestershire and Leicestershire are the same man, but there are no links to support this. H
ealfdene }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6384129 qualif}{\insrsid12807907 ies as a magnate of regional significance; if included in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 English nobility}{\insrsid12807907 
, he would rank among the ninety wealthiest untitled laymen of 1066, in the top eighty if the Oxfordshire manors are included}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907  His one tenancy is recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907  (no. 9880)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 134; see also Williams, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4204244 English and the Norman Conquest}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 79-80, who suggests that it is 'possible, though perhaps unlikely' that his mother is Edeva,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{
\insrsid12807907 a landholder in Dorset in 1086 whose land was freed of tax by Queen Matilda in memory of her son Richard.
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid8851235 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HEALFDENE [* SON OF TOPI *]. Healfdene Topi}{
\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  from whom the }{\insrsid12807907 bishop of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Lincoln acquired Bigby}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 7,18}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Healfdene }{\insrsid12807907 son of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Topi}{\insrsid12807907 , brother of Ulf, who granted Claxby to him in his will: Whitelock, }{\i\insrsid12807907 Anglo-Saxon wills}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 94-97, 208, 211-12. The Peterborough chronicle recounts that Abbot Brand, his relative, leased Dunsby t
o him because he had been deprived of his lands by the Conqueror to endow the bishop of Lincoln, an arrangement alluded to in the Lincolnshire Claims}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN CK45}}}{\insrsid12807907 
: Hugh Candidus, p. 69. This identifies Healfdene as the bishop's predecessor on eight manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15230217 7,16;20;22;27;30-33}}}{\insrsid12807907 , six of whi
ch were the subject of grants by Ulf, though to other family members. He must also be the Healfdene at Steyning, which the Claims for the county identify as belonging to the bishop, not Count Alan of Brittany, because it was held by the bishop's predecess
or, Healfdene}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 12,89. CK67}}}{\insrsid12807907 . The manors acquired from Healfdene by the bishop}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 fall}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  into two groups}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  at the two extremities of the county, which suggests that some of the intervening Healfdenes may be the same }{\insrsid12807907 man}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
. The predecessor of the archbishop of York is the most likely candidate}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 2,18-20;29-31}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . His }{\insrsid12807907 principle}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 manor of Dowsby lay within a couple of miles of the son of Topi's }{\insrsid12807907 manor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  at Dunsby, and one of its dependencies a similar distance from the Steyning wrongfully detained by Count Alan. The archbishop}{
\insrsid12807907  had}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , moreover, bought the }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 from}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Ulf son }{\insrsid12807907 of Topi}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
LIN CK10}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and one of those he acquired from Healfdene}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 2,19}}}{\insrsid12807907  lay in vills where other members of his family held land}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{
\insrsid12807907  He may also be the Healfdene at Bonby}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 25,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , a mile from his manor of Worlaby. The archbishop had no other Healfdenes on his Honour but the bishop was preceded by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2387746 Healfdene}{
\insrsid12807907  at Buckminster in Leicestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 3,15}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, a county in which the bulk of the episcopal fief appears to be a new endowment, so this Healfdene may also be Topi's son. The one other Healfdene in the county has no apparent link; neither do the many other unidentified Healfdenes in Lincolnshire.

\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par HEINFRID <OF ICKLINGHAM>. The three Heinfrids in Domesday Book (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14948936 Henfridus}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14948936 Hainfridus}{\insrsid12807907 
), are certainly one man, all being intermediate landowners on the Honour of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14948936 Eudo son of Spirewic}{\insrsid12807907  in East Anglia, twice described as the predecessor of Eudo}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 29,8;11. SUF 53,1}}}{
\insrsid12807907 . He is almost equally certainly the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14948936 Herfrin}{\i\insrsid12807907 dus}{\insrsid12807907  - a unique form - who preceded Eudo at Alburgh}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14948936 NFK 29,7}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , where he is also described as Eudo's predecessor. As an intermediate landowner, Heinfrid's manors are not listed in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13901277 Coel}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\i\insrsid12807907 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907 
 or the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13901277 Statistics}{\insrsid12807907  database.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14948936 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HELGHI. Helghi is a rare }{\insrsid12807907 name which occurs}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  only in Sussex and Nottinghamshire}{\insrsid12807907 , all }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Helghi}{\insrsid12807907 
s being}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 pre-Conquest lords}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HELGHI <OF }{\insrsid12807907 OWTHORPE}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\insrsid12807907 t}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 he three }{
\insrsid12807907 Helghis in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Nottinghamshire}{\insrsid12807907 , whose}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 manors were}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  acquired by }{\insrsid12807907 
Roger of Bully and lay close to each other, are almost certainly one man}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 N}{\insrsid12807907 TT 9,98-99;111}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, conceivably the Sussex Helghi though there are no links to confirm this}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HELGHI <OF WORTH>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\insrsid12807907 t}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 he three }{\insrsid12807907 Helghis in }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Sussex }{\insrsid12807907 may be one man. Two of his manors were acquired by}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Earl Roger of Shrewsbury}{\insrsid12807907  and were subinfeudated to Reginald the sheriff}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUS 11,46;116}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . The}{\insrsid12807907  third, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 at Worth, some }{\insrsid12807907 fifty}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  miles away}{\insrsid12807907 , acquired by }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 the Count of Mortain}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 10,65}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , may also }{\insrsid12807907 have been his}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  given the rarity of the name, its free tenure under King Edward, and }{
\insrsid12807907 its}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  reasonably substantial na}{\insrsid12807907 ture. The}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 tenurial settlement}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 of Sussex by }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Rapes means that }{\insrsid12807907 little}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  significance can be attached to }{\insrsid12807907 its}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  acquisition by another tenant-in-chief.}{
\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HELGOT}{\insrsid12807907 . Helgot is an uncommon name which occurs on one fief and eleven manors, distributed among fou
r counties between Devon and Buckinghamshire and the lands of five tenants-in-chief; two more Helgots are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2387746 Exon}{\insrsid12807907 ., both in Devon.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HELGOT}{\insrsid12807907  <OF AWLISCOMBE>. As the name is uncommon, it is very probable that the Helgot who held Awliscombe in Devon from Ralph of Pomeroy}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 34,26}}}{\insrsid12807907  is his tenant at Heaton}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
DEV 34,16}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and possibly also the tenant of Fulchere the bowman at Huish}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 49,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 , both named in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6717044 Exon.}{\insrsid12807907 
 but not in Domesday Book itself. It is not clear whether Domesday is correcting }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9323061 Exon}{\insrsid12807907 . or has accidentally omitted the information; but the coincidence suggests both Helgots are the same man: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9323061 Devonshire Domesday}{\insrsid12807907 , ii. 924, 1128. Although the
 manors are not insubstantial, it is unlikely that he is related to his namesakes in Buckinghamshire or Shropshire with whom there are no links. Helgot is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1727758 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 4061).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HELGOT}{\insrsid12807907  <OF DRAYTON>. As the name is uncommon, it is very probable that the Helgots who held Helsthorpe and Drayton }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4471823 Beauchamp}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{
\insrsid12807907 in Buckinghamshire from Mainou the Breton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10365284 BUK 43,4}{\insrsid12807907 -5}}}{\insrsid12807907  are the same man; the vills are seven miles apart. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{
\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 1655)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  246.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par HELGOT <OF HOLDGATE>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is uncommon, it is likely that all Helgots in Shropshire are one man, the ancestor of the barons of Castle Holgate. Apart from his fief from Earl Roger}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,21,1-19}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, Helgot was a tenant of Ralph of Mortimer at Adley, Bucknell, Sheinton and Burwarton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 6,27;29;32. 4,11,1;9}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Only Sheinton appears to have descended to his heirs; but Burwarton shared the same predecessor - Azur - as Sheinton and Norton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,21,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, and was adjacent to Charlcotte}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,21,13}}}{\insrsid12807907 , as was Belswardyne}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,21,9}}}{\insrsid12807907  to Sheinton; Eyton suggests, with some circu
mstantial support, that the tenancies were lost, or sold, to subtenants, the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11630735 Girros family: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11630735 Antiquities of Shropshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11630735 
, iii. 31-33; vi. 214-15; xi. 312-13, 318, 332-33.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par \tab Earl Roger also had a tenant named Helgot at Meaford in Staffordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 8,24}}}{\insrsid12807907 , as did Robert of Stafford at Barlaston and Bobbington}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 11,24;43}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Barlaston is less than two miles from Meaford; and since a Philip son of Helgot held land in Shropshire and fees of the Honour of Stafford in 1166, and the heirs of John son of Philip had fees of the Honour of Staff
ord in Barlaston and Bobbington in the thirteenth century, it is not unlikely that the Staffordshire Helgots are one man, Earl Roger's tenant Helgot of Holdgate: }{\i\insrsid12807907 Red Book,}{\insrsid12807907  i. 267, 277; ii. 454; }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8671629 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 967. The heirs of John son of Philip are said to hold fees in Barlaston, Bobbington and Hilderstone with a Ralph de la Mare: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8671629 Book of Fees}{
\insrsid12807907 , p. 974, and the de la Mare family married into that of the barons of Holgate: }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15150746 Sanders, }{\i\insrsid12807907 English baronies}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 28-29. Philip and John presumably represent a cadet branch of the baronial family. Helgot's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 2973)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  246.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HELIO <OF OAKLEY>. }{\insrsid12807907 
The two Helios in Domesday Book, tenants of Robert of Stafford at Cooksland and Oakley in Staffordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 11,26;47}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, are very probably one man. Robert had two other tenants with uncommon names - Algot and Helgot - holding land within a few 
miles of Cooksland; and since the name Helio is otherwise unknown, it is possible that it is a corrupt form of one or other of them, Helio possibly being Helgot of Holdgate. The two Helios are unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1727758 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907  (nos. 31493, 31518).
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HELTO [* THE STEWARD *]. }{\insrsid12807907 As there are no other Heltos in Domesday Book, those who held three manors in Kent}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 5,2;102;114}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and four in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 4,1-3;21}}}{\insrsid12807907  from Bishop Odo of Bayeux are probably Helto the steward, who held part of the royal manor of Dartford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 1,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Helto was one of a handful of Odo's honorial barons who were wealthier than the majority of tenants-in-chief, his manors of Swanscombe in Kent}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 5,2}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Dinton in Buckinghamshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
BUK 4,2}}}{\insrsid12807907  being particularly valuable. He may have lost his lands when Bishop Odo was exiled, since he was in Normandy with the bishop after the Conqueror's death: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2047744 Calendar of }{\i\insrsid12807907 d}
{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2047744 ocuments}{\i\insrsid12807907 :}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2047744  France}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 530-31. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 161)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  247.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HEMMING. }{\insrsid12807907 Hemming is an uncommon name which occurs}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 thirteen}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  times}{\insrsid12807907 
, distributed among six counties and the lands of as many tenants-in-chief. Most of the manors are substantial, suggesting few men, possibly only one or two.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HEMMING <OF }{\insrsid12807907 BRANSTON}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 
It is possible that all Hemmings in Domesday Book are one man. Those who preceded Walter of Aincourt in Lincolnshire and Nottinghamshire almost certainly are. This Hemming had }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8586377 full jurisdiction and market rights}{
\insrsid12807907  in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN T5}}}{\insrsid12807907  and was a substantial landowner in both counties, his manors at Branston}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 31,11-14}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Granby}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NTT 11,26-32}}}{\insrsid12807907  each being worth more - \'a320 and \'a312 respectively - than the entire manorial wealth of many tenants-in-chief. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Walter's three 
most valuable manors came from Hemming, who contributed roughly a quarter of the total value of his Honour.}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 With the addition of Blankney and Metheringham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 31,16;18}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, his manorial income }{\insrsid12807907 would place him among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  the hundred wealthiest pre-Conquest landowners}{\insrsid12807907 . In view o
f this, it is possible that he is to be identified with the Hemmings of Buckinghamshire, Gloucestershire or Sussex, also substantial landowners, though these were acquired by other tenants-in-chief, Walter of Aincourt having no fiefs in those counties. Th
e Buckinghamshire and Gloucestershire manors at Hitcham, Marlow and Claydon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 23,3-4;15}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Cherington in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Gloucestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 64,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, individually valuable and together worth \'a313, were acquired by Miles Crispin and so were probably held by one man. As Marlow is only a few miles
 further from Granby than it is from Cherington, he may be the Lincolnshire Hemming rather than another wealthy landowner with a rare name.
\par \tab This may also be the case with the Sussex Hemming, whose Sussex manors are roughly as far from Marlow as Marlow is 
from Cherington. There is little doubt that all the Sussex manors were held by one man. The four respectable manors which devolved upon the Count of Mortain}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 10,6;19;29;46}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 were held by Hemming as the Count's tenant as well as his predecessor, and two such survivors with this uncommon name in the same Rape is improbable. Rottingdean}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 12,10}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, though held by Hemming only in 1066 and acquired by William of Warenne, 'lay in Firle', one of the manors Hemming held from the Count of Mortain}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 10,46}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Hemming's son, Richard, endowed Wilmington 
priory from these lands: Round, 'Some early grants', p. 77. There is another link, albeit slight, between the predecessors of the Count of Mortain and Miles Crispin. In Buckinghamshire, Hemming is described as a royal thane, and he held his Gloucestershir
e manor from King Edward. He also held three of the Sussex manors directly from the king, the other two from Earl Godwin. The one other Hemming in Domesday Book had a tiny property at Shepreth in Cambridgeshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 14,40}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. This Hemming was, however, King Edward's man, so even he may be the Lincolnshire magnate. Apart from the Worcestershire monk and a moneyer of }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10228125 circa}{\insrsid12807907 
 900, the name appears to be otherwise unrecorded, which lends a little weight to the suggestion that the Domesday Hemmings are one man. If these deductions are valid, Hemming held land valued at \'a3
67, placing him among the sixty wealthiest English landowners. If not, one at least of the two or three landowners bearing this name - Walter of Aincourt's predecessor - was wealthy enough to rank among the untitled laymen listed by Clarke, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1771960 English nobility}{\insrsid12807907 . In Sussex, Hemming survived on the bulk of the land he held there before the Conquest, more fortunate than the majority of his English peers. His Sussex tenancies }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 2157)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  244.
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HENRY. }{\insrsid12807907 If the three tenants-in-chief are excluded, the name Henry is rare, most tena
nts occurring on the Honour of Henry of Ferrers, where they are carefully distinguished from their lord. There are three other Henrys in Domesday Book, one each in Norfolk, Suffolk and Yorkshire, one a pre-Conquest landowner.
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HENRY [* OF FERRERS *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Henry, who held a site in Wallingford, is probably the tenant-in-chief }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 Henry of Ferrers}{\insrsid12807907 , whose tenant Nigel}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
BRK B1. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16272982 21,8}}}{\insrsid12807907  held this site from him. The context suggests he is also the Henry who held part of the royal manors of Shalbourne and Hendred}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 1,27;38}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, since he was sheriff of the county and his predecessor, Godric, was involved with the land concerned. In Derbyshire, he is identified as the Henry at }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16272982 Mapperley}{\insrsid12807907  and }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid16272982 Ednaston}{\insrsid12807907  by reference to his manors in those vills}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 1,35. 4,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Henry was a tenant-in-chief in fourteen counties; his manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{
\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 639)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  247-48.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HENRY [* OF FYFIELD *]. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare among tenants, those of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 Henry of Ferrers in Berkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 21,1;15;17-}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 19}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 , Derbyshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 6,57;94}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  and Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 29,5}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  are }{
\insrsid12807907 almost }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 certainly the same }{\insrsid12807907 Henry, variously named }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 Henry, }{\insrsid12807907 a }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 second Henry}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  }{\insrsid12807907 or}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  Henry the steward}{\insrsid12807907 . In the cartulary of the Ferrers' foundation of Tutbury priory, he is named }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 Henry of }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16272982 Fifidre}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 , }{\insrsid12807907 evidently from}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  his manor of Fyfield }{\insrsid12807907 in Berkshire, where he is 'a second' Henry}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
BRK 21,15}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 :}{\insrsid12807907  }{\i\insrsid12807907 Cartulary of}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16272982  Tutbury priory}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 65. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 
recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 280)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  248.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HENRY }{\insrsid12807907 <OF OTTRINGHAM>. Henry, a tenant of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16667142 Drogo of la Beuvri\'e8re}{\insrsid12807907  on a fairly substantial manor at Ottringham in Yorkshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
YKS 14E13}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is the only Henry in the county, or indeed in the north of England other than the tenant-in-chief Henry of Ferrers; it is unlikely there
fore that he is related to any other Henry in Domesday Book. His manor was later held from the Holderness fee of Drogo's successors by a family which took its name from the vill: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16667142 Early Yorkshire charters}{
\insrsid12807907 , iii. 83. Henry is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1727758 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 37865).}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16667142 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HENRY }{\insrsid12807907 <OF RUSHALL>. The three Henrys in East Anglia are almost certainly one man. He held Rushall in Norfolk from the abbey of Bury St Edmunds before the Conquest}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 32,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and part of Rede in Suffolk from the abbey twenty years later}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 14,16}}}{\insrsid12807907 . He held another twenty acres in the vill from Ely abbey in 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 21,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, where he is described as a man of the abbot of St Edmunds in the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16667142 Inquisitio Eliensis}{\insrsid12807907  (ed. Hamilton, p. 182). His holdings are assigned to the demesne of the abbeys in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16667142 Coel}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 HERBERT. Herbert is a fairly common }{\insrsid12807907 name which occurs}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888  more than seventy times, distributed}{\insrsid12807907 
 among twenty-two counties and the lands of the king and thirty of his tenants-in-chief, all borne by post-Conquest landowners.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HERBERT <OF BURROUGH>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare in the area - there is one other Herbert in Leicestershire and none in Derbyshire - the tenant of Henry of Ferrers at Breaston in Derbyshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
DBY 6,65}}}{\insrsid12807907  may be the king's servant who held Cold Newton and Burrough in Leicestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 42,1-4}}}{\insrsid12807907 , where Henry had a second manor}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10301752 LEC 14,32}}}{
\insrsid12807907 . He was perhaps the ancestor (or predecessor) of the FitzHerbert family. The descent of the Leicestershire holdings is obscu
re; but FitzHerberts were tenants of the Honour in both counties at a later date, and the family was established in both by the 1120s: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid335377 VCH Leicestershire}{\insrsid12807907 , v. 64; Nichols, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8214004 History and antiquities}{\i\insrsid12807907  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9205814 of Leicestershire}{\insrsid12807907 , ii. 526-27; iv. 860. Herbert's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 
recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 8808)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  250.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par HERBERT [* OF FURCHES *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Herberts who held four manors in Shropshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,8,4;6;10-11}}}{\insrsid12807907  and two in Herefordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 10,9-10}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 from Roger of Lacy are identified by their descent as the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16272982 ancestor of the Furches }{\insrsid12807907 family; he is probably the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16272982  Herbert }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16272982 
de furcis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16272982  }{\insrsid12807907 who }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16272982 witnessed a Lacy charter in 1085:}{\insrsid12807907  Eyton,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16272982  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16272982 
Antiquities of Shropshire,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16272982  v. 44-45; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16272982 Red Book}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16272982 , i. 282; Galbraith, 'Episcopal land-grant', p. 373. His manors are}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 3712)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  249, where Eaton, held from Ralph of Tosny}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 1,22}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is also attributed to him, though on what grounds is unclear.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HERBERT <OF HARGRAVE>. }{\insrsid12807907 The Herberts who held }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1604828 three modest holdings}{\insrsid12807907  at Stukeley and Hargrave in Huntingdonshire from Eustace the sheriff}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
HUN 19,10;13-14}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are probably one man. There are no other Herberts in the county, or in the neighbouring counties of Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire, and Eustace had no tenant of this name elsewhere on his Honour. Herbert is unlikely to be}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid1604828  Herbert son of Ivo, }{\insrsid12807907 his nearest namesake, all of whose manors were held from Odo of Bayeux}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1604828 . }{\insrsid12807907 
The descent of the Huntingdonshire holdings is unrevealing: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1597227 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid12807907 , ii. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5396035 230-31; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5396035 VCH Northamptonshire}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid5396035 , iv. 18-19. }{\insrsid12807907 Herbert's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 
(no. 8809)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid1604828 251.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HERBERT [* SON OF AUBREY *]. The }{\insrsid12807907 Herberts who held Langton in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Leicestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 2,2}}}{\insrsid12807907  }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 and three }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in Lincolnshire }{\insrsid12807907 from the archbishop of York may be}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 Herbert son of Aubrey, father of Herbert the chamberlain of Henry I}{\insrsid12807907 , who received further grants from Archbishop Thomas II: }{\i\insrsid12807907 Early Yorkshire charters}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\insrsid12807907 i.}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 35-}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 36}{\insrsid12807907 . He held }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Lissington and its dependencies}{\insrsid12807907  in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 the }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid10317099 Lindsey Survey}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 later }{\insrsid12807907 held together with Stallingborough and Rigsby by the same family}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LIN 2,6-7}{
\insrsid12807907 ;11-15;18-20}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 : }{\i\insrsid12807907 Early Yorkshire charters}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\insrsid12807907 i.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  36, 4}{\insrsid12807907 4-47}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\insrsid12807907 50-}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 51}{\insrsid12807907 ; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . 159}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  1014, 1062, 1082, 1476. The descent of the Leicestershire }{\insrsid12807907 manor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  has not been traced}{\insrsid12807907 : }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VCH Leicestershir}{\insrsid12807907 e, v. 210}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 The archbishop had no other Herberts on his Honour. Herbert's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{
\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 2992)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  250, apart from Langton, attributed to another Herbert (no. 8808).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HERBERT [* SON OF IVO *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Herberts who held Ospringe, Ringleton, Hammil and Boswell Banks in Kent}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 5,145;183-184;195}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Tu
rvey and Wilden in Bedfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 2,8-9}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 from the bishop of Bayeux are probably Herbert son of Ivo, his tenant on two other manors in Bedfordshire and several in Kent, many of them substantial. In Bedfordshire, Ivo's son held the two preceding manors, so the scrib
e may have omitted an 'also'; Wilden, the most valuable, was subinfeudated by Herbert to his nephew, Hugh. Herbert and his nephew also appear together in Kent, at Ospringe and Hammil, and probably also at Boswell Banks, where Herbert was succeeded by a Hu
gh who is probably his nephew since the same succession occurs at Ospringe, and Herbert is elsewhere recorded as an intermediate tenant}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 5,155-156}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Ringelton was one of his most valuable manors, though farmed for a substantial premium. Bishop Odo had no other tenants
 named Herbert on his Honour, and the one other Herbert in the two counties, a reeve with a half-hide at Eversholt in Bedfordshire, is unlikely to be the bishop's tenant. Herbert's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 
recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 547)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  250.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HERBERT [* }{\insrsid12807907 THE JERKIN-}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 MAKER *]. Herbert}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 who had}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 a subholding in the manor of Upton in Cheshire }{\insrsid12807907 in 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 1,34}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  has been identified as Herbert }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
Wambasarius}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , or jerkin-maker, from a reference to his }{\insrsid12807907 half-}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 hide in the cartulary of Chester }{\insrsid12807907 abbey: }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
Lewis, 'Herbert the }{\insrsid12807907 j}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 erkin-}{\insrsid12807907 maker', pp. 159-60}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . As the only other Herbert in the county, or anywhere in England}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  holding from the Honour of Chester, the Herbert at Heswall}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 3,6}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  may be the same }{\insrsid12807907 man}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 
Both}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  are in the Wirral, some }{\insrsid12807907 thirteen}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  miles apart. }{\insrsid12807907 Both Herberts are unidentified in }
{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (nos. 28746, 38693).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HERBERT [* THE LATINIST *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Herbert, named by Orderic Vitalis (ii. 262-63) as one of the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2629774 
three 'learned clerks' of the household of Earl Roger of Shrewsbury', elsewhere described as Herbert }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2629774 grammaticus}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2629774 , may be the Herbert who held Albright Hussey and Great Sutton}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2629774 SHR}{\insrsid12807907  4,3,57. 4,21,15}}}{\insrsid12807907 : Eyton, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2629774 Antiquities of Shropshire}{\insrsid12807907 
, i. 109-10. He was archdeacon of Shropshire, and witnessed charters of the earl as Herbert the archdeacon: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7879818 Cartulary of Shrewsbury abbey}{\insrsid12807907 , i. 30; ii. 255. His manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 8806)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  250; see also Mason, 'Officers and clerks', p. 253.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HERBERT [* THE }{\insrsid12807907 STEWARD}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Herbert, who held Farwood in Devon from William of Poilley}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 21,15}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is identified as Herbert the steward in William's grant of the tithes of his manors to St Martin's of S\'e9es in 1093: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2047744 Calendar of }{\i\insrsid12807907 d}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2047744 ocuments}{
\i\insrsid12807907 :}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2047744  France}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 235. There are no other Herberts on William's Honour, or in the county. Herbert's manor is recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 2038)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  250.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par HERBRAND. Herbrand is a}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 rare}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 name which occurs}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  five times}{\insrsid12807907 
, distributed among three counties and the lands of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 as many tenants-in-chief.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HERBRAND [* OF PONT-AUDEMER *]. }{\insrsid12807907 As }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 the name}{\insrsid12807907  is rare}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , the Herbrand of Pont-Audemer listed among the }{
\insrsid12807907 tenants-in-chief in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Hampshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HAM 58}{\insrsid12807907 ,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  is probably t}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 he }{
\insrsid12807907 Herbrand }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 at Pan in the Isle of Wight}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM IoW9,5}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\insrsid12807907 both manors - of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 equivalent status}{
\insrsid12807907  - being acquired from}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  a Godric. }{\insrsid12807907 The two }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Herbrand}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in Worcestershire }{\insrsid12807907 are}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 tenants of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Urso }{\insrsid12807907 of Abetot}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WOR 8,16. 26,12}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, so very probably one man}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Dr }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11352544 Keats-Rohan}{\insrsid12807907  suggests that the Hampshire and Worcestershire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Herbrand}{
\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 are the same man. Their estates are similar}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , and }{\insrsid12807907 Abetot and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Pont-Audemer }{\insrsid12807907 
are both in Upper Normandy, separated by the Seine estuary, so the identification is plausible given the rarity of the name.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16057812  Manorial descents do not clarify the issue}{\insrsid12807907 , since a}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid16057812 ll four }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16057812  were in different hands at a later date}{\insrsid12807907 , though}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16057812  it is}{\insrsid12807907  most}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid16057812  improbable }{\insrsid12807907 that }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16057812 they were held by four individuals in 1086: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16057812 VCH Hampshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16057812 
, iii. 442; v. 200; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16057812 VCH Worcestershire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16057812 , iii. 24-25; iv. 145-46.}{\insrsid12807907  Herbrand's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 964)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  251.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HERBRAND [* OF SACKVILLE *]. Herbrand}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held Fawley in Buckinghamshire from Walter Giffard}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 14,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  has been identified as his steward, from Sauqueville in }{\insrsid12807907 Upper }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Normandy (Seine-Maritime: arrondissement Dieppe), on the basis of later evidence accepted by Round as }{
\insrsid12807907 essentially }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 sound}{\insrsid12807907  due to its circumstantial detail, including Herbrand's name (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1246394 Esbrandus}{\insrsid12807907 
), the name of his manor (selected, it is said, for the beauty of its site), and the statement that Giffard acquired his land from Aelfeva 'the crazy', when he did in fact obtain his principal manor in Buckinghamshire - Long Crendon - from Saeric
 son of Aelfeva, and two more from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1246394 Sired son of Aelfeva}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 14,2-3;5}}}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Peerage and }{\i\insrsid12807907 p}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 edigree}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , i}{\insrsid12807907 i.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  285-89. }{\insrsid12807907 Herbrand's manor is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 8810)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  251.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HEREWARD [* 'THE WAKE' *]. }{\insrsid12807907 It is possible that all Herewards in Domesday Book are the famous outlaw, Hereward 'the Wake', though the manors lay in four counties and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 devolved upon six tenants-in-chief}{\insrsid12807907 ; his byname}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  is not contemporary but }{\insrsid12807907 so familiar it would be pedantic to use another. He is almost certainly the Hereward whose}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Lincolnshire }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 were }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 acquired by the }{\insrsid12807907 abbey of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 Peterborough and Oger the Breton}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the Lincolnshire Claims reveal}{\insrsid12807907 ing}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  that }{\insrsid12807907 the predecessors of both tenants-in-chief }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 fled the country}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LIN 8,34-38. 42,9-12}{\insrsid12807907 . CK4;48}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907  As the name is rare, it is likely that the}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 four }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Warwickshire }{\insrsid12807907 Herewards are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  one }{\insrsid12807907 man; the three}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{
\insrsid12807907 tenants of the Count of Meulan held their manors for twenty years}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WAR 16,26;46;48}{\insrsid12807907 . 17,33}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and the fourth manor was 
held from Thorkil of Warwick who shared other tenants with the Count}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907  I}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 t is }{\insrsid12807907 also }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
possible that the Hereward who held Evenlode in Worcestershire }{\insrsid12807907 from the Church }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 before the Conquest }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the }{\insrsid12807907 
same man as Count's tenant}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WOR 2,43}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  two Evesham satellite texts imply}{\insrsid12807907 ing}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  tha
t the 'held' of Domesday Book may be an error for 'holds', or even 'held and holds'}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WOR EvA120. EvC41}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6830309 Ladbroke}{\insrsid12807907 
, the fourth Warwickshire manor, held by Hereward in 1066, lay between the others in the county and that in Worcestershire.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Freeman and others have suggested that the Lincolnshire and Warwickshire Herewards }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 one man}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\insrsid12807907 a suggestion }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 forcefully rejected by Round}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who argued that 'there was absolutely nothing' to connect the two}{
\insrsid12807907 ; this remains the accepted view:}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Feudal England}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 162; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Oxford DNB}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , xxv}{
\insrsid12807907 i.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  767. }{\insrsid12807907 Dr}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Baxter}{\insrsid12807907 , however, has argued that }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
'the balance of probability is that there was only one Hereward', }{\insrsid12807907 pointing to}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  links between }{\insrsid12807907 the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Herewards }{\insrsid12807907 of both counties }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 and the }{\insrsid12807907 e}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 arls of Mercia}{\insrsid12807907  to support this view: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Earls of Mercia}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 261-66}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . The Lincolnshire Hereward was associated with the Leofricsons, possibly a dependant. The }{\insrsid12807907 abbot of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 Peterborough, who was present at the battle of Hastings and died shortly thereafter, was a cousin of Earl Leofric}{\insrsid12807907  of Mercia}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ; and Bourne, with which Hereward the Wake }{\insrsid12807907 is}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  strongly associated in later sources, was held by Leofric's grandson, Earl Morcar}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 42,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
. Both Morcar and Hereward were, of course, involved in the rebellion of 1071 and the siege of Ely. As for the Warwickshire Hereward, he held land at Ladbroke}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 17,33}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  where Earl Leofric's family }{\insrsid12807907 were}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  endowed by Aethelred the Unready}{\insrsid12807907 ;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and at Evenlode from Evesham }{
\insrsid12807907 abbey}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , of which the Leofricsons were }{\insrsid12807907 patrons}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WOR 2,43}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . The Warwickshire Hereward}{\insrsid12807907 , and perhaps the Worcestershire one,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  was alive in 1086}{\insrsid12807907 , by which date Hereward is usually assumed to be dead, having lost his Lincolnshire manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ; but }{\insrsid12807907 
the date of his death is unknown, and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 later sources record that he made his peace with the Conqueror}{\insrsid12807907  (though not, perhaps, the abbey)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Dr}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Baxter}{\insrsid12807907  does not}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  discuss one other Hereward in Domesday, with a }{\insrsid12807907 small}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  holding at Wickham in Suffolk}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUF 14,152}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Its}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  status}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and distance from }{\insrsid12807907 the Midlands}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }
{\insrsid12807907 manors, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 suggest that }{\insrsid12807907 this Hereward}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  is another }{\insrsid12807907 man; yet}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 he, too, was a dependant of the house of Leofric}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  commended to Burghard of Mendlesham (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
), a son of Earl Algar and grandson of Earl Leofric. See also Williams, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4204244 English and the Norman Conquest}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 49-51. Hereward's Warwickshire tenancies }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{
\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 4756)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  251, without reference to}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 the outlaw.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \cbpat8 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HERFAST}{\insrsid12807907 
. Although the name Herfast occurs more than two dozen times, it is rare in the sense that it was probably borne by no more than two individuals, Bishop Herfast of East Anglia and a tenant in Bedfordshire.}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HERFAST }{\insrsid12807907 <OF MARSTON>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 
As all laymen named Herfast are tenants of Nigel of Aubigny in Bedfordshire, there is little doubt that they are one man}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9575917 16,3. 24,6;8;29-30}}}{
\insrsid12807907  though the manors are in several different hands when next documented: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9575917 VCH Bedfordshire}{\insrsid12807907 , ii. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8485302 261-62, 281; iii. 309; Brett, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8485302 English Church}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8485302 , pp. 147-48. }{\insrsid12807907 Herfast's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8485302  manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907 
 (no. 308)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  190.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 [* BISHOP *] HERFAST [* OF THETFORD *]. }{\insrsid12807907 All He
rfasts in East Anglia are almost certainly Bishop Herfast of Elmham, who moved the see to Thetford in 1071/2 and was succeeded by William of Beaufour in 1085. He therefore appears in Domesday Book as an intermediate landowner, which together with associat
ions with his bishopric and with his episcopal predecessor and successor allows him to be identified where his title is omitted in Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9575917 
1,57;61. 10,29;43;54;78;90;93}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9575917 18,1. 19,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. One Norfolk entry refers to his sons, so he was presumably married}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 1,69}}}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \cbpat8 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HERF}{\insrsid12807907 
RID <OF THROWLEY>. All Herfrids in Domesday Book are almost certainly one man. Seven of his eight manors were held from the Bishop Odo of Bayeux, four in Kent}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 5,155-156;170;195}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and the other three in Surrey, where even his hide in the royal manor of Dorking was held from the bishop}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUR }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14948936 1,13. 5,11;26}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Several of these manors are valuable, notably Throwley in Kent and Gatton in Surrey. The eighth manor, Poulton, held from Hugh de Montfort}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 9,41}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is adjacent to his tenancy from Odo at Boswell Banks in the same Hundred. By the thirteenth century, Herfrid's successor held Throwley and Gatton from the Honour of Peverel of Dover, though the composition of the remainder his fee had changed: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14948936 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 
, p. 582. Dr Keats-Rohan suggests he may have come from Bavent in Lower Normandy (Calvados: arrondissement Caen), where a Ralph son of Herfrid gave land to St Stephen's of Caen. Herfrid's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 
recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 965)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  251.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14948936 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HERLEWIN. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1604828 Herlewin }{\insrsid12807907 
is uncommon forename, stated or implied on fifteen manors in Domesday Book,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1604828  and in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6717044 Exon.}{\insrsid12807907 
, distributed among six counties and the lands of as many tenants-in-chief, perhaps borne by half-a-dozen individuals, one of them a pre-Conquest landowner.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HERLEWIN <OF }{\insrsid12807907 COLLYWESTON}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >.}{\insrsid12807907  As the name is uncommon, the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1604828 Herlewin who held }{\insrsid12807907 Collyweston}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid1604828  }{\insrsid12807907 in Northamptonshire from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3439147 Ralph of Lim\'e9sy}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 32,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  may be the same man as }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 one }{\insrsid12807907 or more }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 of his namesakes}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 in }{\insrsid12807907 Huntingdonsh
ire or Warwickshire; but there are no links to confirm this. He is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 27241).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HERLEWIN <OF LUDDINGTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is uncommon, the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1604828 Herlewin who held Luddington }{\insrsid12807907 in Huntingdonshire from Eustace the sheriff}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid1604828 HUN 19,}{\insrsid12807907 19}}}{\insrsid12807907  may be the same man as one or more of his namesakes in Northamptonshire or Warwickshire; but there are no links to confirm this. He is unidentified in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 32687).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HERLEWIN <OF PEASEMORE>. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 Herlewin}{\insrsid12807907 , whose manor of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  Peasemore }{\insrsid12807907 in Berkshire was acquired by }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid11430238 Gilbert of Bretteville}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 36,6}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is the only}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  }{\insrsid12807907 pre-Conquest}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  }{\insrsid12807907 Herlewin; the name-form (}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 Vrleuuine}{\insrsid12807907 ) is held to be an }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 indigenous variant of the Old German name}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid15150746 von Feilitzen, }{
\i\cf1\insrsid12807907 Pre-Conquest personal names}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 , p}{\insrsid12807907 . 248. It is, however, possible that he is Herlewin of Shel
swell, Peasemore lying between his manors in Somerset and Northamptonshire. Peasemore is a few miles from two of the Berkshire manors of Baldwin son of Herlewin (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7022033 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
), so Herlewin may be his father and the name continental.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HERLEWIN <OF }{\insrsid12807907 SHELSWELL}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is uncommon, the Herlewins who held four manors in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 5,12-13;20;27}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and Shelswell in Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 4,32}}}{\insrsid12807907  from the bishop of Coutances are probably one man. According to }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6717044 Exon.}{\insrsid12807907 
, he also held a subtenancy from the bishop}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2703905  }{\insrsid12807907 at Winscombe in Somerset, on the manor of abbey of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2703905  Glastonbury}{\insrsid12807907  there}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 8,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. An Herlewin held a second manor in Northamptonshire, but this was the other end of the county and acquired by another tenant-in-chief so he may be another man. Herlewin's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 2002)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  252, apart from the tenant at Shelswell, who is unidentified (no. 26887).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HERLEWIN <OF SHUCKBURGH>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is uncommon, the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1604828 Herlewin who held }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13569439 Shuckburgh }{\insrsid12807907 
in Warwickshire from the Count of Meulan}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 16,32}}}{\insrsid12807907  may be the same man as one or more of his namesakes in Huntingdonshire or Northamptonshire; but there are no links to confirm this. He is unidentified in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\i\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 28304).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HERLEWIN [* SON OF IVO *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The six Herlewins in Norfolk are almost certainly Herlewin son of Ivo, named in the Norfolk Annexations of Reginald son of Ivo, his tenant on the other five manors}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NFK 21,15-17}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3439147 ;29;34}{\insrsid12807907 . 66,51}}}{\insrsid12807907 . There are no other Herlewins in Little Domesday, and Reginald's Honour is confined to Norfolk. In a grant of the tithes of his manor Panworth}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NFK 21,16}}}{\insrsid12807907  to Thetford priory, he is styled Herlewin of Panworth, the second of these manors: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7022033 Regesta}{\insrsid12807907 , ii. no. cxxvii, p. 338. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }
{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 1955)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  252, where it is suggested}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  that Ralph and Herlewin were brothers.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \cbpat8 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HERMER}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164 .}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
 Although the name Hermer is fairly common in Norfolk, it rare elsewhere, occurring once in Berkshire, Gloucestershire and Lincolnshire, and three times in Devon, on the lands of the king and four of his tenants-in-chief. One Hermer held land in 1066.}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HERMER [* OF FERRERS *]. }{\insrsid12807907 It is probable that all Hermers in East Anglia are the t
enant-in-chief, Hermer of Ferrers, who held a substantial fief in Norfolk and a single manor in chief in Suffolk. All but two of the references to Hermer are to his predecessor}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12018254 
8,18. 9,187;191;227. 15,2. 66,48-49;106}}}{\insrsid12807907 , which can only refer to Hermer of Ferrers as}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  there }{\insrsid12807907 are no}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  other }{\insrsid12807907 Hermers among rural }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 landholder}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  in the county}{\insrsid12807907 . He is probably also the Hermer with eight burgesses, a man named William and a priest, Fulbert, in the city of Norwich}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NFK 1,61;66}}}{\insrsid12807907 , since a William and Fulbert are among his tenants}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 13,3;10;16-17}}}{\insrsid12807907 . His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 640)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  252-53.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HERMER }{\insrsid12807907 <OF GOOSEY>. The tenant of Abington abbey at Goosey (or Denchworth) in Berkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 7,23}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 is unlikely to be the same man as any of his namesakes. The abbey's house chronicle records that when he was granted Goosey by the abbey he held no other land, the abbey endowing him at the king's request because he had been seized by pirat
es and mutilated while on the abbey's business abroad: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8214004 Historia Ecclesie Abbendonensis}{\insrsid12807907 
, ii. 8-9. The chronicler records somewhat sourly that his mutilation rendered him unfit to perform his knightly duties for the abbey; less obligated patrons were unlikely to take a more humanitarian view. His manor is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  
}{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 966)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  253.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HERMER }{\insrsid12807907 <OF HOLTON>. Hermer, tenant of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9064237 Ivo Tallboys}{\insrsid12807907  on at respectable manor at Holton-le-Clay in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9064237 
LIN 14,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 , has no links with his namesakes, all of them remote. His manor is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{
\insrsid12807907 (no. 3009)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  253.}
{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9064237 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par HERMER <OF SPURWAY>. As the name is rare, the tenants of Gotshelm of Claville at Hampson and Washbourne in Devon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 25,8;24}}}{\insrsid12807907  a
re almost certainly the same man, who is probably also the tenant of Walter of Douai at West Spurway, the one other Hermer in the south-western counties. Hampson is somewhat closer to Spurway than to Washbourne. According to Dr Keats-Rohan, Hermer's manor
s were later held by men named from Washbourne. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 2109)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  253.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par HERMER <OF STOKE>. Hermer, whose share in the royal manor of Stoke Orchard was held by Bernard (Pancevolt) in 1086, is the one pre-Conquest landowner of this name. It is unlikely that he is related to any of the Hermers of 1086, all rem
ote apart from a maimed man-at-arms in Berkshire.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14841498 HERVEY. Hervey is a fairly common }{\insrsid12807907 name which occurs}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14841498  on two fiefs and more than fifty manors}{\insrsid12807907  between Wiltshire and Yorkshire}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14841498 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888  distributed}{\insrsid12807907 
 among fifteen counties and the lands of the king and eleven of his tenants-in-chief, all borne by post-Conquest landowners. There are clusters in Wiltshire, Oxfordshire and Suffolk.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 HERVEY [* OF BOURGES *]. H, or Hervey, who held several manors from the abbey of Ely in Suffolk, is almost certainly Hervey of Bourges, alias Hervey of Berry, alias Hervey }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Bedruel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , a tenant-in-chief in Suffolk, named as the}{\insrsid12807907  abbey's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  tenant on twenty more manors in Domesday Book or the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Inquisitio Eliensis}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (ed. Hamilton, pp. 162, 179-80). }{\insrsid12807907 He held}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Westerfield}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 from the abbot 'by order of the King', }{\insrsid12807907 
a formulae }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 repeated in the following entry for Pettaugh, where he held in chief}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 21,29-30}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 I}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 n }{\insrsid12807907 Bredfield}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 SUF 21,8}{\insrsid12807907 4;87}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{\insrsid12807907 he held in chief and had another manor from the abbey there, four miles from Bromswell, whose holdings are intermixed with those of
 Bredfield}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 21,83;86}}}{\insrsid12807907 .}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 Walton and 'Plumgeard', five miles from his manor of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15556458 Bucklesham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 21,50-51}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, are like }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Westerfield}{\insrsid12807907  held from the abbey after Hervey claimed to hold in chief. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Ely had no tenant of this name elsewhere. Hervey's manors are recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 141) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 253-54.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HERVEY <OF HARDMEAD>. Hervey}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held }{\insrsid12807907 three and a half}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  virgates in Hardmead}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 17,28}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  from William son of Ansculf}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  is identified }{\insrsid12807907 by Dr}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11352544 Keats-Rohan}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  as Hervey the commissioner, who held at Ibstone in the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 48,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 and probably elsewhere. There appear to be no links between this Hervey and his namesakes in Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire, however, and the property is small and isolated from other holdings; its descent has not been traced.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par HERVEY [* OF `}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 SPAIN' *]. The Herveys who held }{\insrsid12807907 Willingale, Finchingfield and Stevington}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  in Essex from Count Alan of Brittany}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 21,2;4;12}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  are }{\insrsid12807907 almost certainly}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Hervey of 'Spain', who held three other manors on the same fief, the six constituting the bulk of the Count's fief in Essex}{\insrsid12807907 
; he gave his name to}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Willingale Spain}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 21,2}}}{\insrsid12807907  and to Spain's Hall in Finchingfield}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 21,4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{
\insrsid12807907 His Essex manors later constituted the Espagne fee in the Honour of Richmond: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8027279 Early Yorkshire charters}{\insrsid12807907 , v. 230-34. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
There are no other Herveys in the county. Count Alan had tenants named Hervey in Norfolk, Lincolnshire and Yorkshire, the first of whom may be Hervey of 'Spain'}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
the only unidentified Hervey in the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 NFK }{\insrsid12807907 4,49}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Hervey's manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 663) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 254-55.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 HERVEY <OF STRETTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 T}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 he Herveys who held a tight cluster of manors at Stretton, Water Eaton, Gailey, Great Saredon and Shareshil
l in Staffordshire from Robert of Stafford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 11,57-59;61;64}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 are probably}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  one man, }{\insrsid12807907 who is }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
possibly }{\insrsid12807907 also }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Robert}{\insrsid12807907 's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  tenant at Norton Lindsey in Warwickshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 22,23}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{
\insrsid12807907 They are the only Herveys in either county or on Robert's Honour. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Hervey of Stretton held two fees of the barony of S
tafford in 1166, and Richard of Stretton had fees in Stretton and Eaton in the following century, Gailey apparently being subinfeudated: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 266, 951, 967, 974; }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Staffordshire chartulary}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 245, 252-53. The remaining manors were held by two other families when next recorded; but it is improbable that Robert had three tenants }{\insrsid12807907 
with this uncommon name in a limited area; none occur in Robert's charter of 1072}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Staffordshire chartulary}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. }{\insrsid12807907 178-82; }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 VCH Staffordshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , v. 174; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 VCH Warwickshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , iii. 138. Hervey's manors are recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 3617) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 255.
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 HERVEY [* OF WILTON *]. It is possible that all Herveys in the five south-western counties of circuit two are Hervey of }{\insrsid12807907 Wilton, so-}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 named among the king's of}{
\insrsid12807907 ficers of Wiltshire at Edington but named }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Hervey the chamberlain among }{\insrsid12807907 the king's servants}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  of Dorset}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  at Wimborne St Giles; he is probably }{\insrsid12807907 also }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 the Hervey with a second manor in Edington}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 15,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. A royal charter }{\insrsid12807907 names}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Hervey of Wilton }{\insrsid12807907 as a landowner in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Netheravon, }{\insrsid12807907 where a Domesday }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Hervey }
{\insrsid12807907 had}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  two manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 1,18. 68,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Regesta}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, iii. no. 450. Another royal charter }{\insrsid12807907 suggests he is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Hervey }{\insrsid12807907 in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Ratfyn}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 where }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 a royal sergeant}{\insrsid12807907  and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  a tenant of Edward of Salisbury}{\insrsid12807907  named Hervey had manors in Domesday}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
WIL 24,6. 68,15}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 VCH Wiltshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , ii. 75, 106. Hervey's }{\insrsid12807907 two }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
bynames may be accounted for by the fact that he farmed the borough revenues of Wilton for the king}{\insrsid12807907 , a chamberlain's task}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL B1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. The one other Hervey in the south-west, at Stockland in Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 12,14}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , is named Hervey son of Ansger in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Exon.}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Stockland is }{\insrsid12807907 the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 most valuable of the manors held by a Hervey, and its tenant might be expected to have others}{\insrsid12807907 , so he too may Hervey of Wilton}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ; but there are no links to confirm an identification. }{\insrsid12807907 Hervey later became a monk: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid355918 Calendar of documents: France}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 511. His}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 172) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, pp. 254-55.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 HERVEY [* THE COMMISSIONER *]. Although }{\insrsid12807907 the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  manors descended by different routes, the Herveys who held three consecutive manors among the king\rquote s servants
 at Ibstone and Bix in Oxfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 OXF 58,11}{\insrsid12807907 -13}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  are probably Hervey the commissioner}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 who }{\insrsid12807907 held a second manor at }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Ibstone}{\insrsid12807907 , recorded in the Buckinghamshire folios, where his byname is supplied}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 48,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 : }{
\insrsid12807907 Round, 'Domesday survey of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13043600 Buckinghamshire}{\insrsid12807907 ', pp. 215-16; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 VCH Buckinghamshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , i}{\insrsid12807907 ii.}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  62. }{\insrsid12807907 H}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 e may }{\insrsid12807907 also }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 be the Hervey who held four manors from the bishop of Bayeux in }{\insrsid12807907 Oxfordshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 OXF }{\insrsid12807907 7,7-8;31;60}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  which }{\insrsid12807907 cluster}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  a few }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 to the north-west of Ibstone and Bix. These manors descended to the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Scalebroc}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  family, of Skelbrooke in Yorkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 9W42}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , held from Ilbe
rt de Lacy }{\insrsid12807907 in 1086 }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 by }{\insrsid12807907 a }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Hervey}{\insrsid12807907  who is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 evidently the commissioner. He is identified in a Lacy charter as Hervey de }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Campellis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{\insrsid12807907 alias Hervey of Sai if the Henry }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid879017 de Saieo}
{\i\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907 who granted tithes in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15352505 Skelbrooke }{\insrsid12807907 to St Clement in Pontefract is a clerical error for Hervey }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid879017 de Saieo}{\insrsid12807907 : }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 p}{\insrsid12807907 p. 449, 829-30, 838;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\i\insrsid12807907 Early Yorkshire charters}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , iii. 185-87, 228-29}{\insrsid12807907 . He was probably}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 from Campeaux in Lower Normandy (Calvados: arrondissement Vire): Loyd, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1391730 Some Anglo-Norman families}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 23. Dr Keats-Rohan suggests he also held part of the royal manor of Cholsey in Berkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 BRK 1,7}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  which, as a royal commissioner, is not unlikely}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and also Hardmead in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 17,28}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, here assigned to another man. He is more likely to be the Hervey }{\insrsid12807907 who purloined the profits of the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  royal manor in the lost vill of }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Verneveld}{
\cs23\i\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
OXF 1,11}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  in Benson Hundred}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  where two of his other manors lay. }{\insrsid12807907 
There are no other Herveys in the four counties apart from two in Yorkshire, identified as the ancestor of tenants of the Sutton fee in the Honour of Richmond: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5781839 Early Yorkshire charters}{\insrsid12807907 
, v. 258-60. Hervey's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 330) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 255.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 HILDEBERT [* OF TOURS *]. Hildebert}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  tenant of the bishop of Wells at Evercreech and Yatton in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 6,10;14}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  has been identified as the steward and brother (or brother-in-law) of John of Tours, bishop of Wells (1088-1122): Keynes, 'Giso, bishop of Wells', p. 219 note 93. He is probably }{\insrsid12807907 also }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 the tenant of Matthew of Mortagne at Clevedon and Milton Clevedon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 44,1;3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , the only other Hildebert}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 in Domesday Book}{\insrsid12807907 .}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Yatton was later held to}{\insrsid12807907 gether with Clevedon and Milton, and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Milton Clevedon is less than two }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  from Evercreech; the other two manors are four }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  apart: Oggins, 'Richard of Ilchester's inheritance', pp. 74-75. Hildebert's manors are recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 969) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 279.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \cbpat8 {\insrsid12807907 HILDWIN}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 
Hildwin is a rare name which occurs four times, distributed among three counties and the lands of two tenants-in-chief.}{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid2819654 .............................................................................................................................................}{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 HILDWIN <OF "ASSECOTE"}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 Hildwin (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16281295 Elduinus}{\insrsid12807907 ), who held a}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16281295  villager}{\insrsid12807907 
 paying}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16281295  }{\insrsid12807907 thirty pence at }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16281295 Assecote}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5585772 in Devon}{\insrsid12807907  from William of Poilley}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
DEV 21,11}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is unlikely to be related to his namesakes in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5585772 the Midland}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5585772 .}{\insrsid12807907 
 He may have lost his manor by 1093 as he is not mentioned William's grant of tithes of all his manors to the abbey of S\'e9es, though neither is }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16281295 Assecote}{\insrsid12807907 
, which is perhaps subsumed in another manor: }{\i\insrsid12807907 Calendar of documents:}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1530052  France}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 235. Hildwin is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1727758 Coel}{\insrsid12807907 
 (no. 3870).}{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid2819654 .............................................................................................................................................}{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HILDWIN <OF BRAMPTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, it is all but certain that the tenants of }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid7168196 Robert of Tosny }{\insrsid12807907 at Bottesford (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16281295 Helduinus}{\insrsid12807907 ) in Leicestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 15,15}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Brampton and Dingley (}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16281295 Ilduinus}{\insrsid12807907 ) }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7168196 in Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7168196 NTH 26,8}{
\insrsid12807907 -9}}}{\insrsid12807907  are one man. In the Northamptonshire Survey, Brampton was held by his son, Ralph fitz Eldewyn, Dingley apparently being by then absorbed into Brampton: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12066105 VCH Northamptonshire}{
\insrsid12807907 , i. 386; Farrer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12066105 Honors}{\insrsid12807907 , ii. 393. Hildwin's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 3704)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  279.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par HOWARD}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 <}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OF }{\insrsid12807907 NAVESTOCK>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 The name Howard (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16544819 Houardus}{
\insrsid12807907 ) occurs only twice in Domesday Book}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907  Although the substantial manor at Navestock in Essex in 1066}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 5,7}}}{\insrsid12807907  is more than eighty miles from t
he modest holding on the royal manor of Bungay in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 1,111}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, it is very probable they were held by one man, Howard being paired with a Wulfsi in both cases, both men apparently surviving for two decades. Although they lost Navestock to the Canons of St Paul
's, they protested that they 'had it by the king's gift', so their share in the royal manor at Bungay may have been by way of compensation. It was a modest compensation, however, as they were obliged to pay sixteen shillings to the manor, said to be worth
 thirty shillings in 1086, leaving the two lords with a tenth of their former manorial income. Dr Keats-Rohan}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  identifies the Howard at Bungay as Huard of Vernon: }{\i\insrsid12807907 Domesday people}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid2454779 , p. 256}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HUARD. }{\insrsid12807907 Huard}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13196857  is }{\insrsid12807907 an uncommon}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13196857  name which occurs }{\insrsid12807907 about sixteen}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid13196857 , distributed among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  }{\insrsid12807907 five}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  counties and the lands }{\insrsid12807907 of six }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 tenants-in-chief}{
\insrsid12807907 . There is some uncertainty about its relationship with Oder and Odard. According to Forssner}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164 , }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164 Continental-Germanic }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907 personal names}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164 , p}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 p. 154-55, 194, 196, }{\insrsid12807907 Huard, Oder, and Odard are separate }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 names}{\insrsid12807907 
; but Dr Keats-Rohan suggests they may be interchangeable. Circumstantial evidence suggests that all Oders, who occur on two fiefs in Norfolk, may be Huards; and the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5709494 Feudal Book of Abbot Baldwin}{\insrsid12807907 
 records an Oder (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16544819 Odarus}{\insrsid12807907 ) where Domesday has Odard (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16544819 Odardus}{\insrsid12807907 )}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11428083 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11428083 
Feudal documents}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11428083 , p. 19}{\insrsid12807907 . Elsewhere, the case for identifying }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11428083 Odard}{\insrsid12807907  and Huard is not clear}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11428083 . }{
\insrsid12807907 Unidentified Odards and Huards both occur in four counties, on the lands of five tenants-in-chief, the only overlap being the occurrence of an }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11428083 Odard}{\insrsid12807907 
 and Huard in Leicestershire, though they are tenants on different fiefs. No pre-Conquest lords bear these names.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par HUARD <}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OF }{\insrsid12807907 LUS HILL>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Huard, tenant of Edward of Salisbury at Lus Hill in Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 24,5}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has no links with his namesakes, all of them remote. He does not appear to be referenced in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11352544 Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid12807907 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907 , but is recorded}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11210495  }{
\insrsid12807907 in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 11532) as an Odard, whose successor in 1166 was Richard of }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15749348 Listelhul}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907 Red Book,}{
\insrsid12807907  i. 240.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HUARD [* OF NOYERS *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Huard (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12482876 Huardus}{\insrsid12807907 ), tenant of Geoffrey de Mandeville at Bengeo in Hertfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 33,15}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is almost certainly Huard of Noyers (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12482876 Huart de noderes}{\insrsid12807907 ), the juror in Hertford Hundred where Bengeo lay; there are no other Huards, Oders or Odards in the county: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Inquisitio Eliensis}{\insrsid12807907  (ed. Hamilton}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , p. 100}{\insrsid12807907 
). It has been suggested that the Hugh who held Barkway from Geoffrey may be a scribal error for Huard, whose descendants held Barkway by the 1140s; though the manor may, of course, have been acquired by the Noyers family after 1086: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11428083 VCH Hertfordshire}{\insrsid12807907 , iv. 30; Lewis, 'Domesday jurors', p. 36. Dr Keats-Rohan also suggests that the Odard (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12482876 Odardus}{\insrsid12807907 
) who held Foulton in Essex from Swein of Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12482876 ESS 24,65}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 - here identified as Odard of Foulton (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8945571 q.v.}{
\insrsid12807907 ) - is the same man. Huard's manor is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 6691)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 
referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 307, under the form Odard, where it is suggested that he was 'perhaps' from Noyers in Upper Normandy (Eure: arrondissement Les Andelys).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HUARD}{\insrsid12807907  }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid13390420 <OF }{\insrsid12807907 PEATLING}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13390420 >. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is uncommon, the Huards who held four manors in Leicestershire from Hugh of Grandmesnil}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 13,32-33;52;74}}}{
\insrsid12807907  are probably one man, the only Huard Leicestershire or neighbouring counties. Dr }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11352544 Keats-Rohan}{\insrsid12807907  identifies him as the Odard (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12482876 Odardus}{
\insrsid12807907 ) at Ilmington in Warwickshire. Huard's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 8766)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{
\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  307.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HUARD [* OF }{\insrsid12807907 VERNON}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  *]. }{\insrsid12807907 There are grounds for identifying all Oders, Odards and Huards in East Anglia as Huard of Vernon, named as a tenant of William of Ecouis at Ixworth Thorpe and Market Weston in Suffolk}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUF 9,2-3}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Dr Keats-Rohan has shown that he is also named Odard in contemporary sources, and the Feudal Book of Abbot Baldwin names the Oder of Domesday Book at Great Ashfield and Stow as Odard}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 14,71;93}}}{\insrsid12807907 : }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3542890 Feudal documents}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 19. Oder is a name-form which occurs only in Norfolk, where four Oders are tenants of William of Ecouis}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3542890 19,13;27;31;40}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , the other four of Ralph of Beaufour}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3542890 20,4;9;26;28}}}{\insrsid12807907 . As Oder, Odard and Hu
ard are all uncommon, William's Norfolk tenant Oder is very likely his Suffolk tenant, Huard of Vernon; Ralph's possibly also. The Odard who held Stow and Great Ashfield from Bury St Edmunds according to Domesday Book - Oder according to the }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid5709494 Feudal Book of Abbot Baldwin}{\insrsid12807907  (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11428083 Feudal documents}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11428083 , p. 19}{\insrsid12807907 
) - may be the same man, Ashfield being roughly equidistant from Ixworth and Weston, six or seven miles from either. Huard's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907  (no. 1961)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 256, with the addition of the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3542890 Houart}{\insrsid12807907  on the royal manor of Bungay}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 1,111}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, here identified as Howard of Navestock (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3542890 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14841498 HUBERT. }{\insrsid12807907 Hubert }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14841498 is a fairly common }{\insrsid12807907 name which occurs}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14841498  on two fiefs and some forty manors, distributed}{
\insrsid12807907  among thirteen counties between Devon and Yorkshire and the lands of the king and fourteen of his tenants-in-chief, all borne by post-Conquest landowners.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HUBERT [* OF COURSON *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Hubert, who held the valuable manor of Lockinge in Berkshire from Henry of Ferrers}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8945571 BRK 21,11}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , is identified as Hubert of Courson by the Abingdon chronicle, which names his sons, including another Hubert who succeeded him, and a Giralmus of Curzon, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3542890 who held West Lockinge, or part of it: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3542890 Historia Ecclesie Abbendonensis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3542890 , ii. }{\insrsid12807907 44}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3542890 -45, 282-85. }{\insrsid12807907 The son is probably the Hube
rt of Courson who held three fees from the Ferrers Honour in the reign of Henry I: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3542890 Red Book}{\insrsid12807907 , i. 337. Hubert also held Fauld in Staffordshire from Henry}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 10,6}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, where he is identified by its descent to his heirs: }{\i\insrsid12807907 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 969. Henry had no other tenants of this name on his Honour, and there are no other Huberts in Staffordshire. Hubert probably came from }{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid4612653 Notre-Dame-de Courson }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 in }{\insrsid12807907 Lower }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Normandy}{\insrsid12807907  }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid4612653 (}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
Calvados: }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid4612653 arrondissement Lisieux)}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 : }{\insrsid12807907 Loyd, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1391730 Some Anglo-Norman families}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 37.}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907 
His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 1572)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  256, where he also is identified as a tenant of Abingdon abbey at Wytham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid3542890 BRK 7,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 . As the only Hubert in Berkshire or surrounding counties who is not plausibly identified, this is not improbable, given the family's assoc
iation with the abbey; but it is curious that the house chronicle does not mention associate their tenant - 'a knight named Hubert' who was endowed with peasant land - when discussing the Coursons, or vice-versa: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Historia Ecclesie Abbendonensis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , ii. }{\insrsid12807907 8-9. Other scholars have identified this Hubert as probably the ancestor of a family which took its name from the vill, established by the 1130s: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9049557 VCH Buckinghamshire}{\insrsid12807907 , iv. 428.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 HUBERT [* OF MONT-CANISY *]. All Huberts in East Anglia are probably Hubert of Mont-Canisy, who held Wyverstone in chief}{\insrsid12807907  and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Bromeswell and Staverton in Suffolk from }{
\insrsid12807907 Robert Malet}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 The remaining Huberts in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 East Anglia}{\insrsid12807907  - all without bynames - are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 
also }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 tenants of Robert Malet}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 NFK 7,9;11. SUF 6,1;26-27;30;53;57-59;62;}{\insrsid12807907 109;196;235;248-249;280;299;302}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , f}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ive of }{\insrsid12807907 his}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  manors l}{\insrsid12807907 ying}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  in one of the vills}{\insrsid12807907  named above}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ; three more - Edwardstone, Rickinghall and Yaxley -}{\insrsid12807907  being}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  later held by the Mont-Canisy family: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Eye priory cartulary}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , i. 13; ii. 58, 76. }{\insrsid12807907 A }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Hubert also held two manors in Essex from Robert}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 44,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. The only other Hubert in th}{\insrsid12807907 at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  county, or elsewhere in eastern England, is possibly the same man, though there are no links to confirm this. He held a virgate at Waltham from Geoffrey de Mandeville}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
ESS 30,5}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Hubert of Mont-Canisy also had a messuage in York}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS C19}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , so may be the one }{\insrsid12807907 other }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Hubert in the county, at Goldsborough}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 16W3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{\insrsid12807907 a }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
tenant of Ralph Paynel. With a house in York and a manor in the general area of the 'lost fee' of William Malet, Hubert may have been one of William}{\insrsid12807907  Malet's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 men}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  who followed his son south, since the Malet lands in Yorkshire were lost to his son. The manor was later held by a family which took its name from the vill: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Early Yorkshire charters}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , vi. 118. }{\insrsid12807907 Hubert}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  was seneschal of Eye. }{\insrsid12807907 His}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907  (no. 686)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 256-57, apart from Goldsborough, assigned to another Hubert (no. 10781); the tenant at Waltham is unidentified (no. 5056).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HUBERT [* OF ST CLAIR *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Huberts who held 'Winterborne', Hemsworth and Witchampton in Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 26,33;39-40}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Charleston in Sussex
}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUS 10,16}}}{\insrsid12807907  from Count Robert of Mortain are probably Hubert of St Clair, named in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6717044 Exon.}{\insrsid12807907  as the Count's tenant on the substantial manor of Kingstone in Somerset}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SOM 19,10}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Count Robert had no other Huberts on his Honour, and there are none in either county or, in the case of Sussex, in the surrounding counties either. Hubert's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 
recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 778)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  257, apart from Charleston, assigned to Hubert of Mont-Canisy.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid423351 HUGH. Hugh }{\insrsid12807907 is one of the most common names in Domesday Book, occurring over a thousand times and in every county except Cornwall}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid423351 .}{\insrsid12807907 
 Almost sixty Hughs have different bynames, thirty of them tenants-in-chief, Hughs also occurring as tenants of nearly a hundred other tenants-in-chief. Six Hughs appear in pre-Conquest contexts.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid423351 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 [* HUGH *] BURDET. }{\insrsid12807907 The Burdets who held Braunstone and Gaulby in Leicestershire from Hugh of Grandmesnil}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 13,41;53}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are probably Hugh Burdet, a tenant of Countess Judith in the same county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 40,12-14;24}}}{\insrsid12807907 : Crouch, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7545834 Beaumont twins}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 127-28. The Domesday scribe occasionally omitted a forename, and Burdet occurs only in Leicestershire. He was perhaps the son of Robert Burdet, whose wife held Ratcliffe from Robert of Bucy and probably Croft from Hugh of Grandmesnil}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
LEC 13,37. 17,29}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Hugh's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 3078)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{
\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  258.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par [}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HUGH] DE MONTFORT. }{\insrsid12807907 Montfort, named on the royal manor of Ringsfield in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13008022 SUF 1,17}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , can only be Hugh de Montfort, a byname here being used as a forename, as occasionally elsewhere; no one else in Domesday had this byname. Hugh held parts of other royal manors in Essex and Suffolk. His manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 682)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  265-66.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 [* EARL *] HUGH [* OF CHESTER *]. Earl H }{\insrsid12807907 on the royal manor of Bungay in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 1,110}}}{\insrsid12807907  }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 can only be Earl Hugh of Chester}{\insrsid12807907 . It has been suggested that the Hugh who held 'Shipton Dovel' in Gloucestershire from William of Eu may also be the earl, who was William's brother-in-law}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid3807757 GLS 31,9}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; if so, it is an exceptional tenurial arrangement for an earl. The descent of Hugh's manor has not been traced; but the earldom of Chester later had an interest in Shipton: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10823435 VCH Gloucestershire}{\insrsid12807907 , xi. 252.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HUGH [* GOSBERT *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Hugh, who held Lewell among the king's thanes in Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 57,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is named Hugh Gosbert in the Geld Roll for Cullifordtree Hundred, where Lewell lay: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8328140 VCH Dorset}{\insrsid12807907 , iii. 147. He held four other manors on the fief where his byname is supplied}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
DOR }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1704236 57,5-8}}}{\insrsid12807907 . He is possibly also the tenant of Roger Arundel at Powerstock}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 47,6}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, adjacent to his manor of Woolcombe}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 57,8}}}{\insrsid12807907 , as suggested by Dr Keats-Rohan. Though a very common name, Hughs are not particularly thick on the ground in Dorset, and all but the Arundel tenant may 
be identified with a degree of confidence. Hugh of Teversham, a tenant of Roger Arundel in Somerset, is conceivably the same man; like the Hugh at Lewell, he was preceded by an Alward, though the name is a common one, particularly so in the south-western 
counties. Apart from these slight associations, there are no specific links between the Arundel tenant and the thane. Powerstock was later the centre of the Arundel barony, Roger's heirs favouring Roger and Robert as forenames: Sanders, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5069478 English baronies}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 72-73. Hugh's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 291)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 270 apart from Lewell, whose tenant is unidentified (no. 3054).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HUGH [* HUBOLD *]. Hugh}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held three }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in Warwickshire from Osbern son of Richard}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
WAR 37,4-6}}}{\insrsid12807907  - said to be the same Hugh - is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 very }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 probably }{\insrsid12807907 Osbern's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 Bedfordshire tenant, Hugh Hubold}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 44,1-4}}}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 the Warwickshire }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 descending }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 to another Hugh Hu}{\insrsid12807907 bold in the thirteenth century, together with Longstanton in Cambridgeshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 24,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , where Hugh}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 is identified as }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1704236 Hugh Hubold in the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1704236 Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1704236  (ed. Hamilton, p. 93)}
{\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VCH Cambridgeshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , ix. 226}{\insrsid12807907 . Longstanton was held from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13782278 Gilbert son of Turold}{\insrsid12807907 
, who also had}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  a tenant}{\insrsid12807907  named}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Hugh in Worcestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WOR 20,4-5}}}{\insrsid12807907 , possibly Hubold since }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Gilbert's fief was modest and his tenants few, }{\insrsid12807907 one }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Hugh }{\insrsid12807907 being}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  more likely than two}{\insrsid12807907 .}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 As }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Gilbert was disinherited during the reign of William Rufus, the descent of}{\insrsid12807907  his manors is unrevealing: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
VCH Worcestershire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , iv. 275-76. }{\insrsid12807907 Hugh's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 312)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 270, apart from the Warwickshire manors, attributed to another Hugh (no. 9396).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HUGH [* MALTRAVERS *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Hughs who held ten manors from William of Eu in the south-western counties }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 may }{\insrsid12807907 all be}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 Hugh Maltravers}{\insrsid12807907 . He is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  named in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6717044 Exon.}{\insrsid12807907  as William's tenant}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  o}{\insrsid12807907 n}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  part of Hinton }{\insrsid12807907 in Somerset, and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 
probably the Hugh on part of the following entry, at Yeovil, where}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  a }{\insrsid12807907 manor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  was later}{\insrsid12807907  named Henford Matravers}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 26,5-6}}}{\insrsid12807907 : }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Morland, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Glastonbury}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , p. 14. On similar grounds, he is }{\insrsid12807907 likely to be}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the Hu
gh at Lytchett Matravers in Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 DOR 34,}{\insrsid12807907 5}}}{\insrsid12807907 , the most valuable of the ten; t}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 he other }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in }{\insrsid12807907 the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 DOR 34,}{\insrsid12807907 4;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 7;14-15}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  were later held by the Maltravers family}{\insrsid12807907  or were 'also' held by the same Domesday Hugh:}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11435285 Feudal Aids}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid11435285 , i}{\insrsid12807907 i.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11435285  36; }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14841498 Hutchins, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14841498 History and antiquities}{\i\insrsid12807907  of Dorset}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14841498 , }{\insrsid12807907 iii. 314, 683}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11435285 . }{\insrsid12807907 Of the three Wiltshire manors, Sopworth}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 32,15}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 was later held by the Maltravers}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 family}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WIL 32,}{\insrsid12807907 5-6;15}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Hugh's estate included substantial manors in all three counties, making him the wealthiest of William's tenants, so the other two Wiltshire manors - valuable and
 said to be held by one man - are perhaps more likely to have been held by Hugh Maltravers than a second Hugh, particularly as William had no tenants named Hugh in the other six counties}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 of his Honour: 
}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11435285 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11435285 pp. 711, }{\insrsid12807907 724, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11435285 745}{\insrsid12807907 , 1421. Hugh's manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 781)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  271, apart from the Wiltshire manors, assigned to Hugh the large (no. 344), and Woolcombe}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 34,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, whose tenant is unidentified. The tenant of William of Mohun on three Somerset manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 25,3;37-38}}}{\insrsid12807907  is also identified as Maltravers.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3745024 [* HUGH *] NEPHEW OF HERBERT [* SON OF IVO *]. The anonymous nephew }{\insrsid12807907 who justified the mill built by his uncle, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2691828 Herbert son of Ivo}{\insrsid12807907 
, at the entrance to Dover harbour which 'wrecks almost all ships, through its great disturbance of the sea' on the grounds that it was authorised by Bishop Odo of Bayeux}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN D10}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is probably Hugh, both Hugh and his nephew Herbert (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9859243 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ) being important tenants of the bishop in Kent and elsewhere, Hugh succeeding his uncle on other manors in Kent}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
KEN 5,145;184}}}{\insrsid12807907  and on the bishop's fief in Bedfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 2,9}}}{\insrsid12807907 . He is probably also the unnamed nephew of Herbert son of Ivo on Odo's fief in Essex, at Kelvedon Hatch}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14025052 ESS 18,25}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and likely to be the unidentified Hugh who succeeded the unidentified Herbert at Boswell Banks on Odo's fief in Kent}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 5,195}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, the one other Hugh in Domesday to do so. }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3745024 Nepos}{\insrsid12807907  is ambiguous and may mean nephew, grandson, cousin or even kinsman; but as it was his uncle (}{\i\insrsid12807907 avuncul}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3745024 us}{\insrsid12807907 ) who built the offending mill in Dover, his relationship is that of nephew. Hugh was the bishop's tenant in Kent, Bedfordshire, Nottinghamshire and Essex; his manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 853)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  271.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HUGH [* OF BEAUCHAMP *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Hughs who held two manors from William Speke in Bedfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 25,3;12}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and 
nine from Countess Judith}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
}{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3745024 53,6;9-10;12;14;16;31;33-34}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, may be Hugh of Beauchamp, the sheriff and most important tenant-in-chief in the county. The two Speke manors were in vills where Beauchamp held in chief, William Speke having no other tenants named Hugh. Six of the nine manors h
eld from Countess Judith are also in vills where Hugh of Beauchamp held in chief, two of the remaining three - Bolnhurst and Radwell - being adjacent to other such vills. A half-virgate in Potton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3745024 BDF 53,16}}}{
\insrsid12807907  is somewhat apart. Hugh does not appear to be a tenant else
where; and although the Countess had at least four other Hughs among her tenants, none held land in counties where Beauchamp had a presence other than Bedfordshire itself. In that county, all other unidentified Hughs are plausibly identified as either Hug
h of Flanders or Hugh of Hotot, though the latter's manor in Houghton Conquest}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid202986 53,2}}}{\insrsid12807907  lies in a vill where Beauchamp also had a manor. Hugh's manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 423)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  260, apart from the tenants of William Speke, who are unidentified (nos. 341, 355).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HUGH [* OF BOLBEC *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Twenty-seven manors were held from Walter Giffard by
 tenants named Hugh, all of whom are very probably Hugh of Bolbec, named as his tenant on three Bedfordshire manors, two in Buckinghamshire, and two more in Cambridgeshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 17,2-3}}}{\insrsid12807907  in the }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis}{\insrsid12807907  (ed. Hamilton}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , pp. 12, 14, 102}{\insrsid12807907 ); one of these, Swaffham Bulbeck in Cambridgeshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid11141829 CAM 17,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 , preserves his name. His remaining tenancies in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 14,2;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
6;27;30-32;34;41-42;44;46-47}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Huntingdonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HUN 12,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Oxfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OXF 20,2-3;5-9
}}}{\insrsid12807907  descended to his heirs, the earls of Oxford, who held them from Giffard's heirs: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 pp. 829, 833, 881-82}{\insrsid12807907 
, 930. He may have been a relative of Walter, the founder of the Giffard dynasty being Osbern of Bolbec: Round, 'Domesday survey of Berkshire', p. 213. Hugh was also a tenant-in-chief in Buckinghamshire, Oxfordshire and Huntingdonshire. His manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 368)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  261, apart from the tenant in Huntingdonshire, who is unidentified (no. 32640).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HUGH [* OF BOSCHERBERT *]. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 The }{\insrsid12807907 tenants of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  the wife of Hugh son of Grip}{\insrsid12807907  at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 Stafford, Bridge, Chaldon and Ringstead in Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 55,8;18;33-34}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 may be}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Hugh of Boscherbert}{\insrsid12807907 , named in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6717044 Exon.}{\insrsid12807907  as her tenant at Brenscombe and Winterborne Houghton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 36,3. 55,17;46}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Stafford, Chaldon and Ringstead were later held by a William of }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3807757 Gouiz}{\insrsid12807907 ; Bridge is in the same Hundred: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5403487 Feudal Aids}{\insrsid12807907 , ii. 1, 9, 20, 29, 38. Hugh had a small fief of his own in the county. His manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 438)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  261, apart from Stafford, attributed to another Hugh (no. 9196), and Bridge, whose tenant is unidentified (no. 2945).
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HUGH [* OF FLANDERS *]. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 The }{\insrsid12807907 tenants of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Walter of Flanders}{\insrsid12807907 
 at Turvey, Podington, Thurleigh, Astwick and Henlow in Bedfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 32,3;5;8;12;16}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and at Canons Ashby, Preston Capes and an anonymous holding in Northamptonshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NTH 39,9;14;17}}}{\insrsid12807907 , are probably Hugh of Flanders, who may be Walter's brother. He is probably also the Hugh who held Silsoe in Bedfordshire from Walter brother of Sihere}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 33,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 , possibly his uncle}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid8348480 : Fowler, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8348480 Bedfordshire in 1086}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8348480 , p. }{\insrsid12807907 100}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8348480 .}{\insrsid12807907 
 Hugh himself had a small fief in Bedfordshire, including the one other manor in
 Podington. Podington, Thurleigh, Henlow and Canons Ashby descended to Hugh's successors, the La Lega family of Thurleigh, other members of the family having interests in Turvey and Silsoe: Farrer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8348480 Honors}{
\insrsid12807907 , i. 69-76. Preston and Astwick were held by the Wahull family, barons of Odell, whose relationship to their Flemish predecessors is unknown: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8348480 ibid}{\insrsid12807907 . i. 77-78, 82; Sanders, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8348480 English baronies}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 68-69. Preston Capes is adjacent to Canons Ashby, Henlow to Astwick, and neither Walter had tenants named Hugh else
where, so Preston and Astwick may have been held Hugh of Flanders, despite their descent. Hugh's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 476)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 270, apart from those in Northamptonshire, where the tenants are unidentified (nos. 27314, 27319, 27322); some Bedfordshire references are missing in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HUGH [* OF GOUVILLE *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Hugh, who held Marston Trussell, Thorpe Lubenham, Weedon Bec and Ashby St Ledgers in Northamptonshire from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8348480 Hugh of Grandmesnil}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NTH 23,2-4}}}{\insrsid12807907  - stated to be the same man in the text - is Hugh of Gouville (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8348480 Witvile}{\insrsid12807907 ), who held five houses from Hugh in Leicester 'in exchange for Watford'}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
LEC C12}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Weedon being part of that exchange. He is probably also the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8348480  Grandmesnil}{\insrsid12807907  tenant at Shangton and Stonton Wyville in Leicestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 13,55-56}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, Stonton taking its name from his family. Grandmesnil had several other tenants named Hugh in Leicestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 13,68;72-73}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Northamptonshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , most }{\insrsid12807907 
or all of whom may be Hugh of Gouville though this cannot be demonstrated because the descent of Hugh's manors was disrupted, the Northamptonshire Survey revealing that every one of his tenancies in that county - including those wher
e Hugh's identity is not in doubt - had escheated or were held by different individuals, no one successor having more than a single manor: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8348480 VCH Northamptonshire}{\insrsid12807907 
, i. 367-68, 370, 372, 384. Those held by three lay tenants in the Survey were held by their families in the thirteenth century: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8348480 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 920, 929-40. As it is unlikely that three or more Grandmesnil tenants named Hugh lost their manors between Domesday and the Survey, Hugh of Gouville probably held them all in 1086. Kings Sutton, like Maidfo
rd, was acquired from Willa - who appears nowhere else in Domesday Book - and which like Thorpe Lubenham was held by the earl of Leicester - successor to }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8348480 Hugh of Grandmesnil}{\insrsid12807907 
 - in demesne in the Survey; Middleton Cheney, like Weedon, had been used to endow one of the earl's ecclesiastical foundations}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 23,8;10-11;14}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Hugh has been identified as the ancestor of the Wyville family, major tenants of the Honour of Mowbray from the twelfth century: Crouch, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13004023 Beaumont twins}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 129; }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8485302 Ancient charters}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 59-63. If so, the family had lost all its Domesday manors by then: }{\i\expnd1\expndtw7\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376 Charters of }{\i\expnd1\expndtw7\cf1\insrsid12807907 
the Honour of}{\i\expnd1\expndtw7\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376  Mowbray}{\expnd1\expndtw7\cf1\insrsid12807907 , pp. xxxiv-vi, 264}{\insrsid12807907 . Hugh's Leicestershire manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 
recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 3685)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  267, apart from Whitwick}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 13,68}}}{\insrsid12807907 , whose tenant is unidentified (no. 2
6340). Marston, Weedon and Ashby are assigned to another Hugh (no. 12082), the remainder are unidentified (nos. 27175, 27177-78, 27181).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par HUGH [* OF GRANDMESNIL *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Hugh,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  tenant of Earl Hugh of Chester }{\insrsid12807907 at Loughborough and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Burton-on-the-Wolds in Leicestershire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
LEC 43,2;7}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 may be}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Hugh of Grandmesnil, the greatest landowner in the county. The scribe has indicated by his }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 sigla}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  that the two Hughs are the same person, and Hugh of Grandmesnil claim}{\insrsid12807907 ed}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  jurisdiction }{\insrsid12807907 in }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Burton-on-the-Wolds}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 43,4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 He}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  had no }{\insrsid12807907 other }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 recorded holding in }{
\insrsid12807907 the vill}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in Domesday}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  though two fees were later held of his descendants as part of the Honour }{\insrsid12807907 of Leicester: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Feudal Aids}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , v}{\insrsid12807907 i.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  558. The Hugh who held Kirkby Mallory from St Mary's, Coventry, may also be Grandmesnil}{\insrsid12807907 , who}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  held the other part of the vill}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 6,7. 13,10}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Hugh's manors, which are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{
\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 652)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  262-63, do not include these manors, whose tenants are unidentified (nos. 26216, 26676, 26686).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HUGH [* OF HOTOT *]. It is likely that the Hugh who appears three times - two entries are duplicated - as a tenant of Countess Judith in Thistleton }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{
\insrsid12807907 one}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 man}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 56,12;21. RUT 2,8}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 H}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 e }{\insrsid12807907 
has been identified as}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Hugh of Bucy, ancestor of the Bussey family}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  which held land in the vill at a later date}{\insrsid12807907 : }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VCH Rutland}{\insrsid12807907 , ii. 156}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . But the descent of }{\insrsid12807907 the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  tenancies }{\insrsid12807907 of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 the Honour of Huntingdon}{\insrsid12807907  were}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  disrupted by political upheavals}{\insrsid12807907  and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  are an unreliable guide to Domesday identities}{\insrsid12807907 . The }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Busseys }{\insrsid12807907 first appear}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in Thistleton in the thirteenth cent}{\insrsid12807907 ury, other tenants intervening: }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 Farrer, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 Honors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , i}{\insrsid12807907 i. 296-301, 304, 306, 308}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
. It is more likely that Hugh is Hugh of Hotot, named as Judith's tenant in Whissendine, seven miles away, particularly as he and the unidentified Hugh appear in consecutive}{\insrsid12807907  entries, described in each as the Countess's man}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , a scribal }{\insrsid12807907 eccentricity}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  if they were different }{\insrsid12807907 men}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . The descent of the Whissendine }{\insrsid12807907 manor}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  was also disrupted, being later granted to the Moreville family, constables of Scotland, who also held Houghton Conquest in Bedfordshire and Offord d'Arcy in Huntingdons
hire from the Honour, both held from Countess Judith by an unidentified Hugh in 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 53,2. HUN 20,7}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . On this basis, Farrer }{\insrsid12807907 suggested}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  these Hughs }{\insrsid12807907 may be}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Hugh of Hotot}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Honors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , i}{\insrsid12807907 i. 356-58}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Hugh's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 1648)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{
\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 264, apart from Offord and Thistleton, whose tenants are unidentified (nos. 32714, 32627).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HUGH }{\insrsid12807907 [* }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OF HOUDAIN}{\insrsid12807907  *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 'Of Houdain' at Whatfield in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 7,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, and 'H of Houdain', who administered a group of royal manors in the county when Roger Bigot was sheriff}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 1,44-60}}}{\insrsid12807907 , can only be Hugh of Houdain, Roger's brother-in-law and tenant in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Essex, Norfolk and Suffolk}{\insrsid12807907 . He may also be Roger's tenant in a group of vills in 'Clackclose' Hundred}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 9,230;232}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, several of which also contained royal manors, albeit not those he was responsible for. Roger had one other unidentified tenant of this name, at Aslackton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 9,211}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Hugh's manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 659)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  264, apart from Aslackton, whose tenant is unidentified (no. 9660). The byname does not occur elsewhere in Domesday.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HUGH <OF INGESTRE>. }{\insrsid12807907 The tenants of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Robert of Stafford in the adjacent vills of Tixall and Ingestre}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 STS 11,}{\insrsid12807907 31-32}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 likely to be the same man, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 represented}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  by the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Wastenis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  family in the thirteenth century, probably descendants of the William of }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Wastimais}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held two fees of the Honour }{\insrsid12807907 of Stafford in 1166: }{\i\insrsid12807907 Red Book,}{\insrsid12807907  i. 266; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 966, 974}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Hugh's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 assigned to Hugh son of Constant in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HUGH [* OF LACY *]. }{\insrsid12807907 All or most of the nine tenants of Roger of Lacy named Hugh may be his younger brother, who according to Orderic Vitalis (iv. 284-85) was granted the Lacy H
onour by William Rufus when he banished Roger for rebellion in 1096. Four of the six Herefordshire manors - Pudleston, Collington, Sawbury and Wolferlow}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 10,14;64-66}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 - appear to be Lacy demesne early in the following century, perhaps re-united by Hugh's succession: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7696608 Herefordshire Domesday}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 79, 103-104, 127-29. The descent of the other two is obscure}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
HEF 10,8;67}}}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7696608 ibid}{\insrsid12807907 ., pp. 103-105. Of the two Gloucestershire manors, the Lacy Honour retained a demesne interest in Wick Rissington and perhaps Windrush, both substantial}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
GLS 39,5;16}}}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4985974 VCH Gloucestershire}{\insrsid12807907 
, vi. 115. It has also been suggested that Hugh of Lacy held Chesterton in Cirencester from William son of Baderon; the manor is adjacent to the Lacy vill of Siddington}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5776526 39,1}{
\insrsid12807907 6}}}{\insrsid12807907 , both manors being subsequently held by the Langley family}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5776526 GLS }{\insrsid12807907 32,1 Hugh note}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; William had no
 other Hughs among his tenants. Finally, the one other Hugh on the Lacy Honour, at Stanford-on-Teme in Worcestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WOR 18,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, may also be Lacy. The vill is four miles from Wolferlow and also four from Windrush, acquired from the royal thane Godric who may be the
 Godric at Stanford. One curious circumstance lends some general support to these identifications: although Hugh is one of the most common names in Domesday Book, there remains only one unidentified Hugh}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 1,75}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 among the landholders of the three counties of Gloucestershire, Herefordshire and Worcestershire if the identification of Lacy and Hugh Hubold are acceptable. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7696608 Hugh's manors are recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7696608 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7696608  (no. 4368) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7696608 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7696608 , pp. 264-65, apart from Chesterton}{\insrsid12807907 
 in Gloucestershire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7696608 , assigned to another Hugh (no. 4337), }{\insrsid12807907 and Stanford and Bishops Frome}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7696608  in Herefordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7696608 HEF 10,}{\insrsid12807907 
2}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7696608 ;6}{\insrsid12807907 7}}}{\insrsid12807907 , whose tenants are unidentified (nos. 30309, 30376)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7696608 .}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6450318 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7696608 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HUGH [* OF `SPAIN' *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The tenants of Alfred 'of Spain' at Plainsfield, Marsh Mills, Leigh, Rodhuish and Preston in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 35,8-9;14-15;18}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 may be Hugh 'of Spain', named in the Geld Roll for Cannington Hundred where two of the manors lay: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16085347 VCH Somerset}{\insrsid12807907 , i. 533. Hugh }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16085347 de Tevera}{\insrsid12807907 
, also named in the Geld Roll for this Hundred, is probably another Hugh, a tenant of Roger Arundel. Alfred is known to have had unnamed brothers (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{
\insrsid12807907  141), and Hugh has more manors and the most valuable tenancy on Alfred's Honour, if all five manors are his. Alfred}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  had no tenants named Hugh in the other four counties }{\insrsid12807907 in his Honour}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Hugh's manors }{\insrsid12807907 - including both in Cannington Hundred - }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. }{
\insrsid12807907 1987}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 264.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2445252 HUGH }{\insrsid12807907 [* }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2445252 OF TEVERSHAM}{\insrsid12807907  *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2445252 
. The Hughs who held the consecutive manors of Fiddington and Tuxwell in Somerset from Roger Arundel}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 22,8-9}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2445252  m
ay be Hugh of Teversham, named in the Geld Roll for Cannington Hundred where both manors lay: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2445252 VCH Somerset}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2445252 , i. 533. }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2445252 Tevera}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2445252  has been identified as Teversham in Cambridgeshire (Tengvik, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2445252 Old English bynames}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2445252 , p. 52), though the form bears little resemblance to
 the Domesday place-name and Roger had no }{\insrsid12807907 known }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2445252 connection with th}{\insrsid12807907 at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2445252  county, his Honour being limited to th}{\insrsid12807907 ose}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2445252  of Dorset and Somerset. }{\insrsid12807907 Roger had another Hugh on his Honour at Powerstock}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2445252  in Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 47,6}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, here identified as Hugh Gosbert, who}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2445252  is conceivably the same man.}{\insrsid12807907  Hugh's Somerset manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 2099)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  272.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2445252 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HUGH [* OF VAUTORTES *]. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 The }{\insrsid12807907 tenants of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Count Robert of Mortain}{\insrsid12807907  at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{
\insrsid12807907 Bolberry and Batson in Devon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 15,38;74}}}{\insrsid12807907  are probably Hugh of Vautortes, named in the Geld Roll for Diptford Hundred, where both manors lay; he may have owed tax on parts of one or other or both. }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6717044 Exon.}{\insrsid12807907  records that Hugh was also a Mortain subtenant on part of the royal manor of Brompton Regis and his tenant at Foddington in Somerset, a vill in which he held another manor on his own account}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SOM 1,11. 19,67. 45,13}}}{\insrsid12807907 . The Count of Mortain had no other unidentified Hughs on his extensive Honour, except in Sussex. Hugh may be the brother of Reginald of Vautortes (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8725151 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
), a major tenant of Count Robert in the south-west. Hugh's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 1213)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{
\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  267, apart from his subtenancy, which
 is unrecorded, and Bolberry, whose tenant is unidentified (no. 3442).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HUGH [* OF WANCHY *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Hugh, who held Barsham in Norfolk from William of Warenne}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 8,99}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is identified as Hugh of Wanchy, his tenant at Depden in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 26,9}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, by Hugh's grant of a church, a priest and tithes in those vills to Castle Acre priory, to which his son added the mill on }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9139780 the bridge, some peasants and land: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9139780 Monasticon}{
\insrsid12807907 , v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9139780  }{\insrsid12807907 49, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9139780 no 1}{\insrsid12807907 . He is probably also the Hugh at Clopton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 26,11}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, near Depden, all three manors being acquired from Toki of Walton (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9139780 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ). They were later held by members of the Wanchy family, together with Fincham, Denver and Larling in Norfolk,
 all held by a Hugh from William of Warenne in 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 8,16;18;54}}}{\insrsid12807907 : Farrer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9139780 Honors}{\insrsid12807907 , iii. 373, 380-82. Hugh's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{
\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 764)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  267, apart from Barsham, assigned to Hugh son of Golda, and Clopton, whose tenant is unidentified (no. 13486).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx2880\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HUGH [* SON OF CONSTANT *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Hughs who held five manors in Warwickshire and two in S
taffordshire from Robert of Stafford and two other tenants-in-chief are probably Hugh son of Constant, tenant of Hugh of Grandmesnil at Loxley}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 18,15}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Hugh held another manor in Loxley from the Count of Meulan}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 16,61}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Loxley descending to Robert son of Odo of Loxley, probably the grandson of the Stafford tenant, Hugh}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 22,19;21}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Robert was his last male descendant, one of his heiresses marrying into the Bagot family, their descendants holding Preston and Morton Bagot, held by Hugh in 1086 from the Count of Meulan and Robert of Stafford respectively}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 16,62. 22,19}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , these links suggesting the identity the tenants of the three tenants-in-chief as one man: }{\i\insrsid12807907 Red }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8485302 Book,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8485302  }{\insrsid12807907 i}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid8485302 . 265, 326; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8485302 VCH Staffordshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8485302 , xx. 163-64; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8485302 VCH Warwickshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8485302 
, iii. 130-31, 135, 142-43.}{\insrsid12807907  Hugh's descendants also held land in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Spernall}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 29,4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
, held by a Hugh }{\insrsid12807907 from William Bonvallet in 1086, and Patshull in Staffordshire, held by Hugh from Robert of Stafford. Hugh may also have held the following manor, Oaken, acquired from the same pre-Conquest lord}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
STS 11,44-45}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and possibly Tixall and Ingestre}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 11,31-32}}}{\insrsid12807907 , though 
these were in the hands of another family by 1166 and are here assigned to another Hugh. Hugh's manors in Loxley and Preston }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907  (no. 2573)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 268; the remaining tenants are unidentified (nos. 28466, 28468, 28521, 31515, 31516).
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HUGH [* SON OF GOLD}{\insrsid12807907 A}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  *]. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 The }{\insrsid12807907 tenant of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 William of Warenne}{\insrsid12807907  at
}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Threxton in Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 8,50}}}{\insrsid12807907  may be Hugh son of Golda, a }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Warenne tenant at}{\insrsid12807907  Barnham in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 26,9}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, fifteen miles south of Threxton; Hugh's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 successors held land in both counties, and Threxton 'belongs to Lewes' in Sussex, where Hugh was also a Warenne tenant, the descent of his manors identifyi
ng him at Ilford, Rottingdean, Warningore, Beeding and perhaps Allington}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6097044 12,3;1}{\insrsid12807907 0}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6097044 ;46-47;51}}}{\insrsid12807907 
: Farrer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9139780 Honors}{\insrsid12807907 , iii. 334-39. Hugh's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14841498 (no. 5}{\insrsid12807907 9}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14841498 4) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14841498 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14841498 , pp. 268-69, }{\insrsid12807907 
with the addition of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14841498  Barsham in Norfolk}{\insrsid12807907 , here attributed to Hugh of Wanchy}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14841498 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HUGH [* SON OF GRIP *]. }{\insrsid12807907 All}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  references to H, or Hugh, as an intermediate landowner on the fief of his wife}{\insrsid12807907  - }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
actually }{\insrsid12807907 his }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 widow}{\insrsid12807907  -}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 in Domesday Book or }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14775534 Exon}{\insrsid12807907 . }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 are to Hugh son of Grip}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 55,21;23;25;27;33;36;47}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , the sheriff of Dorset}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 who was dead by 1086. The context makes it clear that he is also the Hugh who granted a }{\insrsid12807907 manor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  at Gillingham to St Mary's of Cranborne}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 10,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , acting as a 
royal official. He is several times referred to as Hugh the sheriff in the Dorset folios, always in the past tense}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907  As an intermediate landowner, his manors are not listed in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13901277 Coel}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\i\insrsid12807907 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907  or the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13901277 Statistics}{\insrsid12807907  database.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HUGH [* SON OF GRIP *]'S WIFE. }{\insrsid12807907 The wife of Hugh son of Grip is named in the rubric of her fief and on a number other Dorset manors. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Only two lan
downers named Hugh had a wife recorded in Domesday Book, and only one of them held land in the south-west}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  or was a widow, so there }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 little doubt that Hugh's}{\insrsid12807907  wife in Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 3,15. 8,2-3. 11,6. 56,58}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 7,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 is the widow of the deceased sheriff of Dorset, Hugh son of Grip.}{\insrsid12807907  Her identity was so well-known that the scribe could simply refer to her as 'H's wife' on one occasion}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 8,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Her name, not recorded in Domesday, is Hawise. She later married Alfred II of Lincoln and many - though not all - of her manors were held by their descendants: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2508829 Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem}{\insrsid12807907 
, i. 181-82; iii. 413-15 Keats-Rohan, 'Domesday Book and the Malets', pp. 28-29; Williams, 'Domesday survey of Dorset', pp. 55-56. Her manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel
}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 596)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 441.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HUGH [* SON OF NORMAN *]. The Hugh}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held Shenley in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 13,2-3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and }{
\insrsid12807907 a fief}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 11,1-8}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Odd Rode}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in Cheshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 27,4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  from Earl Hugh }{\insrsid12807907 of Chester}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{
\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  probably Hugh son of Norman, his principal tenant of that name, who also held}{\insrsid12807907  manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 elsewhere in Cheshire,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Suffolk and Yorkshire}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 from him. Hugh's predecessor on the Buckinghamshire }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  was Burghard of Mendlesham (}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ), from whom he also obtained some of his Suffolk }{\insrsid12807907 manors where his byname is supplied}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SUF 4,35;3}{
\insrsid12807907 6-39}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Odd Rode was acquired from a Godric, from whom he also inherited his Cheshire fief}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Tait, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Domesday }{\i\insrsid12807907 s}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 urvey of Cheshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , pp. 50-51, 56-57, 217; }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 Farrer, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 Honors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , i}{\insrsid12807907 i.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  15-16, 110-15, 236; }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid488012 Sawyer and Thacker. '}{\insrsid12807907 
Domesday survey of Cheshire', pp. 312-14. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 535)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 
referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 269, apart from those in Buckinghamshire, whose tenants are unidentified (nos. 1253-54), but with the addition of Gresford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 27,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, here assigned to Hugh son of Osbern.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HUGH [* SON OF OSBERN *]. The Hugh}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held South Ormsby and Ketsby in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 13,41-43}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{
\insrsid12807907 and fiefs in Cheshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 12,1-4. 16,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 from Earl Hugh }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  probably Hugh son of Osbern}{\insrsid12807907 
, alias}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Hugh Blundus}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 as }{\insrsid12807907 suggested}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 by the descent of his manors: }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 Farrer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 Honors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , ii. 127-29. }{\insrsid12807907 He is given his byname as}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 
the earl's tenant at Broughton and Claverton in Cheshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS FD5,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907 . }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 He may be the Hugh at Gresford in }{\insrsid12807907 the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 27,3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
, where he shared the }{\insrsid12807907 manor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  with Osbern son of Tezzo (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ), probably his father}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  a tenant of }{\insrsid12807907 the earl}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  elsewhere i}{\insrsid12807907 n Cheshire and in Lincolnshire: }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid488012 Sawyer and Thacker. '}{\insrsid12807907 
Domesday survey of Cheshire', pp. 313-14}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . He was the Hugh who held the remaining manors in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Exestan}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 Hundred, including the neighbouring vill of Allington}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 16,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  where his predecessor }{\insrsid12807907 is }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Thorth}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{
\insrsid12807907 from whom he probably}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 acquired}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Gresford. Less certainly, }{\insrsid12807907 he may be the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Hugh }{\insrsid12807907 
at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Eastham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 CHS}{\insrsid12807907  1,22}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , Osbern holding Poulton three miles away}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 24,3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{
\insrsid12807907  Hugh's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 2584)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  269, apart from Eastham, whose tenant is unidentified (no. 28661), and Gresford, attributed}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  to Hugh son of Norman}{\insrsid12807907 . }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 See also Tait, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Domesday }{\i\insrsid12807907 s}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 urvey of Cheshire}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , pp. 50-52}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HUGH [* THE BOWMAN *]. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Hugh}{\insrsid12807907 , tenant}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Henry of Ferrers}{\insrsid12807907  at }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Trusley in Derbyshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 6,38}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is very probably Hugh the bowman, who gave tithes in that vill to }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9705115 Tutbury }{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9705115 
riory: }{\i\insrsid12807907 Cartulary of Tutbury priory}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 65. Hugh had tenants of this name in Leicestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 14,17;33}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, conceivably the same man, since only one Hugh witnesses Henry's charters; but the name is a common one. For that reason, Hugh the bowman, who held land at Filsham in Sussex from the Count of Eu}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 9,14}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, may be another Hugh the bowman. Hugh's }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9705115 Derbyshire}{\insrsid12807907  manor is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 3857)}
{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  258; the Le
icestershire tenants are unidentified (nos. 26367, 26383) and the Sussex bowman identified as another man (no. 107).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HUGH }{\insrsid12807907 [* }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 THE }{\insrsid12807907 INTERPRETER *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Hugh the interpreter, who held land at Arnewood in the New Forest
}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
HAM NF10,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is 'probably identical' with Hugolin the interpreter who held a house in Bath and three manors among the king's thanes in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7763379 Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 1,31. 45,9-11}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and with Hugh the interpreter, a tenant of Bath abbey in Bathampton according to }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid423351 Exon}{\insrsid12807907 .}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7763379 (SOM 7,11}{\insrsid12807907 )}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7763379 
: Round, 'Domesday survey of Somerset', p. 416. }{\insrsid12807907 He is named Hugolin the commissioner (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3417422 legatus}{\insrsid12807907 ) in the Geld Roll for Bath Hundred: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5732065 VCH Somerset}
{\insrsid12807907 , i. 528. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7763379 Hugh Beard, who held Dogmersfield among the king's thanes in Hampshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 68,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7763379 , may be an}{
\insrsid12807907 other}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7763379  alias}{\insrsid12807907  of his}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7763379 , Hugh the interpreter }{\insrsid12807907 making}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7763379  a grant to Wells abbey as Hugolin }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7763379 cum barba}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7763379 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7763379 English episcopal acta}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7763379 , x. no. 3. Hugh at Dogmersfield and Hugolin at Claverton}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SOM 45,11}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7763379  were }{\insrsid12807907 each}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7763379  preceded by a}{\insrsid12807907  Swein, w
ho may be the same man as the name is rare in the area - there is only one other Swein between the two counties - and both manors are substantial. Hugh/Hugolin's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 314)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  258.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HUMPHREY [* HASTANG *]. Humphrey}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held land at Chebsey in Staffordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 10,9}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 from Henry of Ferrers}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 is probably the Humphrey who held}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  three }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 
- said to be held by one man - }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 in Warwickshire from Hascoit Musard}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 39,2-4}}}{\insrsid12807907 ;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Chebsey was later held from Henry's descendants by Robert de }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Hastenc}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , and the Hastang family held fees in 1166 from Hascoit's descendants, their representative, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Aitrop}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{
\insrsid12807907 being }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 named as the son of Humphrey }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Hasteng}{\insrsid12807907  in a charter of Henry I: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 , }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . 969, 975}{\insrsid12807907 ; }{\i\insrsid12807907 Red Book,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 i}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
. 110, 338, 342}{\insrsid12807907 ; }{\i\insrsid12807907 Early Yorkshire charters}{\insrsid12807907 , iii. 132}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Another son, Saloman the cleric, held the churches of Chebsey and Leamington Hastin}{\insrsid12807907 
gs during the reign of Henry I: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 Regesta}{\insrsid12807907 , ii. no. 1857}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Leamington }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the one remaining }{\insrsid12807907 
manor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  on the fief of Hascoit Musard, its name indicating the association with the Hastang family}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  which acquired the whole of Hascoit's fief. }{\insrsid12807907 
Neither Henry of Ferrers or Hascoit had other Humphreys on their Honours, and there are no other such tenants in either of the two counties. Humphrey's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 3542)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 275}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HUMPHREY [* }{\insrsid12807907 NEPHEW }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OF }{\insrsid12807907 RANULF}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 BROTHER OF ILGER}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 *]. }{
\insrsid12807907 Humphrey, who held the Norfolk fief of Ranulf brother of Ilger}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 36,1-7. 66,103}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is very probably his nephew, named on the royal manor of Aylsham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid16713737 NFK 1,192}}}{\insrsid12807907 , three miles south of his manor at Erpingham. He is perhaps also Ranulf's one other tenant of this name, on the respectable manor of Ramsden Bellhouse in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 37,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, and possibly also the tenant of Peter of Valognes at Great Walsingham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 34,18}}}{\insrsid12807907 , a manor he acquired from Bondi of Raynham (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16713737 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
), a thane from whom Ranulf's nephew acquired two of his manors. Peter's tenure of Walsingham was apparently queried, the scribe noting that it 'was delivered to make up a manor, his men do not know which'. Walsingham is ei
ght miles west of two of Humphrey's other manors. He may have held other manors, his forename being particularly common in East Anglia, but there are no links to identify him elsewhere. His manors on Ranulf's fief }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }
{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 8886)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 273; the tenants at Ramsden and on a second manor in Erpingham are unidentified (nos. 5305, 11275), the tenant at Walsingham as another man (no. 3672), }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{
\insrsid12807907  274.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16713737 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HUMPHREY [* OF ANNEVILLE *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Humphrey, who held Knebworth in Hertfordshire from Eudo the steward, is named Humphrey of Anneville in the account of Hertford, where he held two }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid9971207 houses with one garden under}{\insrsid12807907  Eudo; he probably also held the anonymous manor in Hertford Hundred from Eudo}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT B5. 31,1;8}}}{\insrsid12807907 . The }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9971207 Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis}{\insrsid12807907  (ed. Hamilton, pp. 70, 82) names him as the Humphrey who held Wimpole from Eudo and Barton from Guy of Raimbeaucourt}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 25,7. 31,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
; and he is identified as Eudo's tenant at Clopton, East Hatley and Kingston, and of Guy at Eversden, by their descent}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 25,4-6;8. 31,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 : Farrer, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9971207 Honors}{\insrsid12807907 , iii. 207-10. The }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9971207 Inquisitio}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9971207  name}{\insrsid12807907 s him as}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9971207  }{\insrsid12807907 
a juror in 'Arringford' Hundred, where three of his manors lay. There are no other tenants of this name in Cambridgeshire or on the Honours of Guy and Eudo. Humphrey's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 408)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  274.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HUMPHREY [* OF CARTERET *]. }{\insrsid12807907 H of Carteret, who held land at Beaminster in Dorset from the bishop of Salisbury}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 3,10}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, can only be Humphrey of Carteret, who is probably also the Humphrey who held Up Exe in Devon as a subtenant Drogo son of Mauger, tenant of the bishop of Coutances there}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 3,70}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, the Geld Roll for Witheridge Hundred revealing that Drogo's subtenant at Thelbridge}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 3,80}}}{\insrsid12807907  - who is not included in Domesday Book - is Humphrey of Carteret: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9971207 
Devonshire Domesday}{\insrsid12807907 , i. p. xxiii-iv. The bishop of Salisbury had no other tenants of this name; but Geoffrey of Coutances had, at Cameley in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 5,52}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Sharnbrook in Bedfordshire}
{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
BDF 3,15}}}{\insrsid12807907 , the latter at least probably Humphrey of Carteret, even though the for
ename is a common one, since he is the only Humphrey in the county, as is the bishop's tenant in Devon, which makes it somewhat more likely that he is also his Somerset tenant. Humphrey may have been the son of Mauger, brother of Drogo of Carteret, alias 
Drogo son of Mauger (from whom he held Up Exe), major tenants of the Count of Mortain and the bishop of Coutances in the south-western counties. Humphrey's manor of Beaminster is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 611)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  273; his subtenancy at Up Exe is not included, and the tenants in Bedfordshire and Somerset are unidentified (nos. 123, 14490).}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HUMPHREY [* OF MAIDENHILL *]. }{\insrsid12807907 
Humphrey, who held a hide at Upton St Leonards in the royal manor of 'Kings Barton' in Gloucestershire, is probably Humphrey of Maidenhill, whose small fief included a hide at Upton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 70,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Maidenhill, not named in Domesday, is close to Humphrey's manor of Sezincote. The Humphrey on several other royal manors in the county is probably another man, Humphrey the chamberlain. Humphrey's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{
\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 3380)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  275.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HUMPHREY [* OF ST OMER *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Humphreys at Wickmere and Helhoughton in Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 1,57. 8,137}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are identified as Humphrey of St Omer at Brampton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 8,8}}}{\insrsid12807907  by his status as an }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164 intermediate landowner and predecessor of Drogo of la Beuvri\'e8re, characteristics which also identif}{
\insrsid12807907 ies}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164  h}{\insrsid12807907 im as the Humphrey of St Bertin}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164  }{\insrsid12807907 at Sotherton in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164 SUF 48,1}}}{
\insrsid12807907 . The Brampton entry reveals that he had forfeited his lands. There are no other intermediate landowners of this name. As an intermediate landowner, his manors are not listed in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13901277 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907 , }{\i\insrsid12807907 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907  or the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13901277 Statistics}{\insrsid12807907  database.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HUMPHREY [* OF THE COTENTIN *]. Humphrey}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held land at Tushingham in Cheshire from Robert son of Hugh}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 2,18}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  is}{\insrsid12807907  probably}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Humphrey of the Cotentin}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  witness to the grants of Robert son of Hugh }{\insrsid12807907 
to St Werburgh's abbey: }{\i\insrsid12807907 Charters of the Anglo-Norman earls of Chester}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , p. 41. As the name is uncommon in the north of England and only one Humphrey witnessed Earl Hugh's charters, he }{
\insrsid12807907 may be}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Robert's tenant at Burwardsley}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 2,21}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and Earl Hugh's tenant at Coppingford in Huntingdonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HUN 11,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  where he shared the fief (in adjacent vills) with Fulco of Bainville (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ), a fellow-witness to Robert}{\insrsid12807907 '}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 s grant and his tenant in Cheshire, where }{\insrsid12807907 Humphrey and Fulco}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  also held in adjacent vills}{\insrsid12807907 
; the descent of Coppingford confirms his identity there: Farrer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4548323 Honors}{\insrsid12807907 , ii. 27-28}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 L}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ess certainly, }{
\insrsid12807907 he}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  may be the }{\insrsid12807907 one}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  other Humphrey in Cheshire, the subtenant of William son of Nigel at Halton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 9,17}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Humphrey's manors 
}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 3832)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  275, apart from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Coppingford}{\insrsid12807907 , whose tenant is }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
unidentified}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 32638). Dr }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11352544 Keats-Rohan}{\insrsid12807907  suggests that he may be the Humphrey with demesne at }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Damblainville }{\insrsid12807907 in Lower Normandy }
{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 (Calvados: arrondissement Caen).}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HUMPHREY [* OF }{\insrsid12807907 VEILLY}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  *]. }{\insrsid12807907 
Humphrey, tenant of Ilbert de Lacy at 'Newton Wallis', Ackworth and Snydale in Yorkshire, is almost certainly Humphrey of Veilly, who gave tithes in Newton and Snydale to the
 Lacy foundation of St Clement's of Pontefract, and whose descendants held all three manors at times, though with fluctuating fortunes: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10179748 Early Yorkshire charters}{\insrsid12807907 , iii. 186-87, 254-56; }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10179748 Early Yorkshire }{\i\insrsid12807907 families}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 95-97. Ilbert has no other Humphreys among 
the tenants on his Honour, and Humphrey of Veilly appears unconnected with his two namesakes in the county, both in the East Riding. Humphrey came from Villy-Bocage (Calvados: arrondissement Caen): Loyd, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1391730 
Some Anglo-Norman families}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 109. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 4623)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  275.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par HUMPHREY <OF WIGGIN}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 TON>. }{\insrsid12807907 T}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid32249 he Count of Mortain }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
had two dozen Humphreys among his tenants, most if not all of whom are probably one man. In Northamptonshire, where all Humphreys are Mortain tenants, thirteen of fourteen are stated to be the same man}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 NTH 18,13-25}}}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907 ; the fourteenth, who held a subtenancy, is not grouped with the others in the text but it is surrounded by them on the ground}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 NTH 18,53}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
. By the time of the Northamptonshire Survey, Humphrey or his descendants had lost their lands, which were in the hands of the king and several other men: }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8811226 VCH Northamptonshire}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 , i. 
374, 378-79, 381, 383-86. This is presumably the case elsewhere, so clues to his identity are slight. He is probably the Humphrey in }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid32249 Buckingham}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 BUK 12,35;38}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
 and }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid32249 Cornwall}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 CON 5,24,19}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 , where the}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid32249  Mortain tenants}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
 are the only Humphreys in those counties, and in Dorset}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 DOR 26,21-22}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  where all but one of the Humphreys are identified. Less certainly,}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  he }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
may be}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  the }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 Humphrey in Sussex}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 SUS 10,91;117}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 , where there is one other unidentified Humphrey, Somerset}{
\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 
\tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 SOM 19,70}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 , where there are two, and Hertfordshire}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 HRT 15,5;12}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 , which has three, the Count being the only tenant-in-chief with a te
nant named Humphrey in more than one of those counties. The two Hertfordshire manors of Wigginton and Little Gaddesden are the most substantial held by Humphrey, both close to Berkhamsted (of which Gaddesden was an outlier), the centre of the Mortain Hono
ur, and on that account probably held by the Humphrey widely endowed by the Count. If these identifications are valid, Humphrey would rank among the ten wealthiest of the Count's tenants. His}{\insrsid12807907  manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 3394)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  276, apart from Goathill in Somerset, whose tenant is unidentified (no. 14812).}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HUMPHREY [* SON OF ROBERT *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Humphrey son of R, who held Boyton in Suffolk from Robert Malet}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 6,172}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, and the Humphreys who held another fourteen manors in the county from him}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12017040 6,13;17;125;175;261-263;}{\insrsid12807907 295;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12017040 311-315;319}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , as well as Shotford in Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 7,6}}}{\insrsid12807907 , are probably }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12017040 Humphrey son of Robert}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 who held }{\insrsid12807907 
the Malet manors of Playford and Grundisburgh. Apart from two small holdings in Henley and }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12017040 Thicchebrom}{\cs23\i\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 6,17;295}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, all these manors were held by Alan of Withersdale in the thirteenth century. }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12017040 Thicchebrom}{\insrsid12807907  is apparently in Weybread, where Humphrey had a manor}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 6,312}}}{\insrsid12807907 : }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12017040 Eye priory cartulary}{\insrsid12807907 , i. nos. 311-13; ii. p. 75. Robert Malet had no other tenants of this name on his Honour. Humphrey's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in 
}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 513)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  273, apart from }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12017040 Thicchebrom}{\insrsid12807907 , whose tenant is unidentified (no. 12229).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HUMPHREY [* SON OF RODRIC *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Humphrey, William of Warenne's man, who held land in Rattlesden in Suffolk from Ely abbey, is almost c
ertainly Humphrey son of Rodric, who held a manor from William in the same vill}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 21,1. 26,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. He may also be the Humphrey who held Buxhall and Creeting - between six and eight miles from Rattlesden - from Warenne}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 26,5;7}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. William had no other tenants of this name on his Honour. Humphrey's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 512)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
 and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 273, apart from Buxhall and Creeting, whose tenants are unidentified (nos. 13477, 13480).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HUMPHREY [* THE CHAMBERLAIN *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Humphrey, who held Holton in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6388123 SOM 45,4}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , is almost certainly Humphrey the chamberlain who held the preceding and following manors according to }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6717044 Exon.}{\insrsid12807907  He is ve
ry likely also the Humphrey who farmed three royal manors in Gloucestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 1,47-48;50}}}{\insrsid12807907  and held another from the king on the same fief}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 1,43}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. He held a fief in the county, in which one other Humphrey can be distinguished with reasonable confidence. Less certainly, he may be the Humphrey who '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid986242 holds a bit}{\insrsid12807907 
' of the royal manor of Bowcombe in Hampshire, another county in which he held in chief}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid986242 HAM IoW1,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. He had modest fiefs in several other counties between Dorset and Leicestershire. He was chamberlain to Queen Matilda and the brother of Aiulf the chamberlain (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6388123 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
). Dr Keats-Rohan suggests he may be }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6388123 Humphrey Goldenbollocks}{\insrsid12807907 , who illegally held a manor in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6388123 ESS 90,30}}}{
\insrsid12807907 . Humphrey's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 179)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  274; those of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6388123 Humphrey Goldenbollocks}{\insrsid12807907  (}{
\i\insrsid12807907 a}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15401852 urei testiculi}{\insrsid12807907 ) in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10446539 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 116), p. 272.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6388123 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HUMPHREY [* THE COOK *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Humphrey, who shared Widhill in Wiltshire with another royal servant, Theobald the doctor (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9438966 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
), is almost certainly Humphrey the cook, both being named together in the Geld Roll for the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15401852  68,16}}}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15401852 VCH Wiltshire}{\insrsid12807907 
, ii. 210. Humphrey held another ministerial-type fief in Gloucestershire, where his byname is given}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 71,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 . His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 1832)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  274.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HUNDING. }{\insrsid12807907 Hunding is a rare name which occurs five times, distributed among the three northern counties of Cheshire, Derbyshire and Yorkshire and the lands of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{
\insrsid12807907 as many tenants-in-chief, all on modest, pre-Conquest holdings. As two of the counties and tenants-in-chief sha
red an even rarer name - Hundulf - scribal error in one or other name may reasonably be suspected. Hunding appears to be otherwise unknown, but Hundulf occurs at the York mint around the millennium and left its name on the landscape, at Hundulfthorpe Farm
 in the North Riding}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 5N75}}}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HUNDING <OF BUTLEY>. }{\insrsid12807907 Hunding, whose manor of Butley in Cheshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 2,30}}}{\insrsid12807907  was acquired by Robert son
 of Hugh, has no apparent links with his namesakes though he is possibly the same man as the Hundulf at Tiverton, also acquired by Robert}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 2,36}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, and perhaps the Hunding at Winnington}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 24,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 , which lay between the two.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HUNDING <OF CASTLETON>. }{\insrsid12807907 Hunding, whose modest holding at Castleton in Derbyshire was acquired by William Peverel}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 7,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has no apparent links with his namesakes though he is possibly the same man as the Hundulf at Hucklow, also acquired by William.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HUNDING <OF RAISTHORPE>. }{\insrsid12807907 Hunding, who shared a modest holding at Great Houghton in Yorkshire retained by the king}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid684667 1E56}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , has no links with his namesakes. The three unnamed sons of Hunding at Great Houghton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid684667 5W17}}}{\insrsid12807907 , more than fifty miles away, are presumably the sons of another man.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HUNDING <OF WINNINGTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 Hunding, whose very modest holding at Winnington in Cheshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 24,4}}}{\insrsid12807907  was acquired by }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid16675960 Osbern son of Tezzo}{\insrsid12807907 , has no links with his namesakes but may nevertheless be the same man as the Hunding at Butley and the Hundulf at Tiverton, whose manors span his own.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HUNDULF. Hundulf is}{\insrsid12807907  a}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  rare}{\insrsid12807907  name which occurs}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  three times, twice in Derbyshire and once in Cheshire. }{
\insrsid12807907 As two of the counties and tenants-in-chief shared an even rarer name - Hunding - scribal error in one or other may reasonably be suspected though the names are recognised as distinct: von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11077699 
Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 295}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907  It has also been suggested that it may be the same name as Hunwulf, but it is unlikely that the one Hunwulf in Domesday}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
WOR 26,6}}}{\insrsid12807907  is either of the Cheshire men: Dodgson,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4609808  '}{\insrsid12807907 Some Domesday personal-names}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4609808 ', }{\insrsid12807907 p. 42.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HUNDULF <OF HUCKLOW>. }{\insrsid12807907 Hundulf, whose modest holding at Great Hucklow in Derbyshire was acquired by William Peverel}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 7,10}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has no apparent links with his namesakes though he is possibly the same man as the Hunding at Castleton, also acquired by William. He may also be the Hundulf at Walton, given Peverel's association with the royal manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 1,10}}}{\insrsid12807907 .

\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HUNDULF <OF TIVERTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 Hundulf, whose holding at Tiverton in Cheshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 2,26}}}{\insrsid12807907  was acquired by 
Robert son of Hugh, has no apparent links with his namesakes though he is possibly the same man as the Hunding whose manor at Butley was also acquired by Robert}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 2,30}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, and perhaps also the Hunding at Winnington}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 24,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 , which lay between those manors.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HUNEF. Hunef is }{\insrsid12807907 a }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 rare}{\insrsid12807907  name which occurs}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  once in Kent and }{\insrsid12807907 twice}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid12807907  where it is almost certainly the same name as Huneva, though recorded as distinct in von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12721020 Pre-Conquest personal names}{
\insrsid12807907 , p. 296, and in the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8214004 Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England}{\insrsid12807907 .}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid865819 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HUNEF <OF OAKLEIGH>. Hunef}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 whose respectable manor of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Oakleigh }{\insrsid12807907 
in Kent was acquired by the bishop of Bayeux}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 5,108}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 
is conceivably the same man as the one other Hunef in Domesday Book, his prosperous Huntingdonshire namesake, though there are no links to confirm this.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HUNEF <OF STUKELEY>. }{\insrsid12807907 Huneva, whose valuable manor of Great Stukeley in Huntingdonshire was acquired by Countess Judith}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HUN 20,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is almost certainly the Hunef whose sixteen houses with }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid865819 full jurisdiction and market rights}{\insrsid12807907  in the borough were also acquired by the Countess}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HUN B14}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. The borough holdings were shared with a }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid865819 Gos}{\insrsid12807907  who according to the Claims for the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HUN D3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 shared land with Hunef intended for Earl Waltheof, Judith's husband; the name }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid865819 Gos}{\insrsid12807907  is unique to Huntingdonshire, so there can be no doubt that Hunef and Huneva here refer to one individual.}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 As a significant landowner, it is conceivable that he is the same man as the one other Hunef in Domesday, at Oakley in Kent}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16584946 KEN 5,108}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , though as Stukeley is said in the Claims to have been in the king's hands in 1066, this is perhaps unlikely.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid865819 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 HUNNING }{\insrsid12807907 [* BROTHER OF WULFGEAT *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 
Apart from Hunning of Colchester, all Hunnings in Domesday Book are concentrated in Shropshire so are probably one man, the Hunning who shared More
ton Corbet with his brother Wulfgeat for twenty years, and Preston Brockhurst with him before the Conquest. He held Lawley, Moreton, Preston and Willey as a tenant of Turold of Verley (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9514106 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
), three of them retained since 1066}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,19,6;9-11}}}{\insrsid12807907 . He also held Fitz and Merrington}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,20,15-16}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, acquired by Picot de Sai; Pulverbatch, shared with Wulfgeat and acquired by Roger the hunter}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,26,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; and Cothercott and Leaton, retained by Earl Roger of Shrewsbury}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,27,8;27}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. His manors in Rossall, Welbatch and Stapleton were acquired by Reginald the sheriff}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,3,56}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Roger son of Corbet}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,4,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, both of whom obtained manors from a Wulfgeat; and he is likely, too, to be the Hunning a Neen Savage, acquired by Ralph of Mortimer}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 6,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Dr Williams}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907  suggests that Hunning and his brother may be the two unnamed }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid14563670 milites}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  who held part of Longford}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid14563670 SHR 4,19,1}}}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907  from Turold; either of them may also have held his manor of Lawley, where no pre-Conquest lord is named: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4204244 English and the Norman Conquest}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid10710488 , p. 90}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907 . Hunning's tenancies}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 3017)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  }{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid10710488 276}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 , apart from Longford, whose }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid3085035 milites}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  are unidentified (no. 30976)}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid10710488 .}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HUNNING <OF }{\insrsid12807907 COLCHESTER}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >.}{\insrsid12807907  Hunning, who had two houses in Colchester}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14563670 ESS B3a}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , is the only urban Hunning and the only man of this name other than Hunning of Preston.}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ILBERT. }{\insrsid12807907 Alth
ough the name Ilbert occurs scores of times, it is rare in the sense that it was probably borne by fewer than half-a dozen individuals, among whom Ilbert of Lacy is by far the most significant. The skewed tenurial distribution of the name suggests he is t
he unidentified Ilbert in most cases.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ILBERT}{\insrsid12807907  <OF BLUNSDON>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Ilbert, who held a modest manor at Blunsdon in Wiltshire from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4816884 Humphrey de l'Isle}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid4816884 WIL 27,12}}}{\insrsid12807907 , has no links with other Ilberts. His manor is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 11535)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 but not, apparently, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907 
. DR Keats-Rohan also assigns the previous and more substantial manor of Smithcot to him}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4816884 WIL 27,1}{\insrsid12807907 1}}}{\insrsid12807907  where the name of the tenant - }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid594532 Elbertus}{\insrsid12807907  - is unique in Domesday, rendered as Elbert by the translations in the Victoria County History Alecto Editions and as Albert by Phillimore. The form is not recorded in }{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8214004 Forssner, }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8214004 Continental-Germanic personal names}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8214004 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ILBERT}{\insrsid12807907  <OF FARNHAM>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Ilbert, who held Farnham in Dorset from the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4816884 wife of Hugh son of Gr}{\insrsid12807907 ip}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid4816884 DOR 55,21}}}{\insrsid12807907 , has no links with other Ilberts. His manor is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 9392)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 279.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ILBERT [* OF LACY *]. The great majority of unidentified Ilberts }{\insrsid12807907 in Domesday }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
are probably Ilbert of Lacy, tenant-in-chief in Lincolnshire, Nottinghamshire and Yorkshire, named as a tenant of the bishop of Bayeux in Buckinghamshire, Lincolnshire and Oxfordshire. Most Ilberts occur in these last tw
o counties, every one of them on the fiefs of the bishop of Bayeux}{\insrsid12807907 , the majority in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 LIN 4,3-6;10-16;36-37;42-49;54;56-58;67-68;72-73;80-81}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 but also numerous in Oxfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 O}{\insrsid12807907 XF 7,20;26;30;33;55;57;59;61-64}}}{\insrsid12807907 . An Ilbert is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 
also the bishop's tenant at Cuddington in Surrey}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10841962 SUR 5,19}}}{\insrsid12807907 , where he is again the only Ilbert in the county. Most}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  of the}{\insrsid12807907 se}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  manors can later be traced as part of the Lacy Honour of Pontefract: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Early Yorkshire charters}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , iii. 123-433; Wightman, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Lacy family}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 26, 31-32, 35, 39, 60}{\insrsid12807907 , 67-68}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . In Yorkshire, where the bulk of the Lacy manors lay, only one other Ilbert is recorded
, a tenant of the archbishop of York at Warmfield}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 2W1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Since Warmfield, encircled by Lacy manors, }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 the only one held by another tenant-in-chief within the bounds of the Honour of Pontefract, this Ilbert }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  probably also Ilbert of Lacy: Wightman, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Lacy family}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 29-30. Ilbert's manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 667) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 277-78. }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  suggests that the Ilbert at Campsall, on the Lacy fief in Yorkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 9W38}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, is not the tenant-in-chief himself but a tenant, Ilbert of Reineville (no. 9367), who gave land in Campsall to St Clement}{\insrsid12807907 's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , Pontefract: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Early Yorkshire charters}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , iii. 185-87.}{\insrsid12807907  The entry, however, uses the standard formulae for a demesne manor. }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid594532 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  also identifies Ilbert the sheriff in Herefordshire }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 who farmed Archenfield}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 1,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  as Ilbert of Lacy, though the sheriff is more probably Ilbert son of Turold. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ILBERT [* OF ROULLOURS *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Ilbert, who held a small fief in Cheshire from Earl Hugh}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 23,1-3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is 'presumed to be' the father of his successor, Richard of Rullos: }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid488012 Sawyer and Thacker. '}{\insrsid12807907 
Domesday survey of Cheshire', p. 314. The name is not strictly contemporary but is the one by which he is usually known: 
Lewis, 'Honour of Chester', p. 61. Earl Hugh had no other tenants of this name and there none apart from Ilbert of Lacy in adjacent counties or indeed in the north of England. Ilbert's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 
recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 3481)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  279. He probably came from Roullours in Lower Normandy (Calvados: arrondissement Vire): }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9927514 Early Yorkshire charters}{\insrsid12807907 , v. 95-99.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ILBERT [* SON OF TUROLD *]. }{\insrsid12807907 All Ilberts in Cambridgeshire, Hertfordshire and Herefordshire may be one man. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Ilbert the sheriff}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who farmed Archenfield}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 1,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  is almost certainly Ilbert son of Turold}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 who held portions of two other royal manors }{\insrsid12807907 in the county,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and the }{\insrsid12807907 unidentified }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Ilbert who held parts of several more}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
HEF 1,10b;32-33;38;62}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Ilbert was a tenant-in-chief in the county where Gilbert son of Turold (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ), possibly his brother}{\insrsid12807907 
, may have}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  succeeded him as sheriff}{\insrsid12807907 : Green, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid594532 English sheriffs}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 45}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . He }{\insrsid12807907 is probabl
y also to be}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 identified with}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Ilbert of Hertford}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  named at }{\insrsid12807907 East }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Hatley in Cambridgeshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 32,10}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and }{\insrsid12807907 on several manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 in Hertfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
HRT 1,10-11. 34,13}{\insrsid12807907 . 38,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , whose functions identif}{\insrsid12807907 y him}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  as }{\insrsid12807907 the unidentified Ilbert elsewhere in that county and as }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 a past sheriff}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HRT 1,6;8-13. 34,13. 38,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907  Ilbert held no land o
n his own account in either Hertfordshire or Cambridgeshire, an improbable circumstance for any of the Conqueror's sheriffs, suggesting his endowment must be sought elsewhere, which can only be in Herefordshire.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  The }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  (}{\insrsid12807907 ed. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Hamilton, p. 56) }{\insrsid12807907 does in fact name}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 the Ilbert at Hatley }{\insrsid12807907 as }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 sheriff of Her}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 e}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 fordshire}{\insrsid12807907 
; and although Round was disinclined to believe its testimony, it does make more sense of the Domesday texts than he was able to suggest: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid594532 Feudal England}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 460-61; }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3438907 Regesta}{\insrsid12807907 , i. no. 250.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 Dr }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11352544 Keats-Rohan}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  provides circumstantial evidence that }{
\insrsid12807907 Ilbert}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Ilbert of Fontaines, from Fontaines-sous-Jouy in }{\insrsid12807907 Upper }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Normandy}{\insrsid12807907  }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 (Eure: arrondissement Evreux), a Tosny fief. The Tosny connection also suggests that Ilbert brother of William}{\insrsid12807907 , at Dinedor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 in Herefordshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
HEF 8,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 another alias of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Ilbert son of Turold}{\insrsid12807907 , Dinedor}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 being}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  a Tosny }{\insrsid12807907 manor. William and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Ilbert}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{
\insrsid12807907 who shared }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 the royal manor of Dewsall}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 1,62}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  as subtenant}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  of Ralph of Tosny}{
\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 are very likely the same two brothers; Dinedor and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Dewsall }{\insrsid12807907 were both previously held by a Wulfheah}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907  Ilbert's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 2631)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }
{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 pp. 278-79}{\insrsid12807907 , apart from Linton}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
HEF 1,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , where the sheriff is identified as Ilbert of Lacy.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ILBOD [* BROTHER OF ARNULF OF HESDIN *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The three Ilbods in Domesday may be one man. As the name is rare, the Ilbod who held a small fief in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 69,1-3. 90,77}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 is likely to be the Ilbod who held two free men on the royal manor of Witham in the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 1,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 , both perhaps the brother of Arnulf of Hesdin who held a fief of comparable value in Oxfordshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
OXF 48,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , though the manors were in different hands in the thirteenth century: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VCH Essex}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , ix. 411; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Book of Fees}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , pp. 821, 840, 1348, 1360, 1463}{\insrsid12807907 . Ilbod's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 816)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 279, where it is suggested he forfeited his land shortly after 1086.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 INGELRANN. }{\insrsid12807907 The name Ingelrann occurs twenty-five times, distributed among ten counties and the lands of a dozen tenants-in-chief, with small clusters in Shropshire and Sussex.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 INGELRANN <OF }{\insrsid12807907 AMPORT}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 The tenants of Ralph of Mortimer at Amport in Hampshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 29,15}}}{\insrsid12807907  and on six manors in 
Shropshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11163941 4,11,12;16. 6,7;10;18;20}}}{\insrsid12807907  are probably the same Ingelrann, the only Ingelranns in either county; he is preceded by an Edric identified as Edric the wild (}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11163941 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ) at Amport and on two of the Shropshire manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11163941 4,11,12;16}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Several manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11435285 
 - including Amport - }{\insrsid12807907 descended to}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11435285  the Savage family}{\insrsid12807907 . At Walton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11163941 4,11,12}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , where this was apparently not the case, its name - Walton Savage - reveals an }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11435285 otherwise undocumented connection: Eyton, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11435285 Antiquities of Shropshire,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid11435285  iv. 230, 232}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11435285  269, 271-72; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11435285 VCH Hampshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11435285 , iv. 341-42. }{\insrsid12807907 
Neither Ralph nor Earl Roger of Shrewsbury had other tenants of this name. Ingelrann's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 6833)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid11435285  p. 280.}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 

\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 INGELRANN [* OF EU *]. }{\insrsid12807907 All Ingelranns in Sussex and Huntingdonshire may be one man. Those in Sussex, all tenants of the Count of Eu}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 8,14. 9,1;9;14;19-20}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, are probably the brother of Guy of Eu (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8485302 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ), who gave a half-hide of land to St Mary's of Hastings in Wilting, where Inglerann held two manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 8,14. 9,19}}}{\insrsid12807907 : }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8214004 Chartulary of }{\i\insrsid12807907 Chichester}{\insrsid12807907 
, p. 301. The brothers are perhaps relatives of the Count, Ingelrann probably his sheriff, also known as Ingelrann of Hastings, alias Ingelrann of Scotney, who attested charters of the Count: Round, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10054292 
Calendar of documents: France}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 81. He is probably also the Ingelrann who held Gidding and Liddington in Huntingdonshire from Eustace the sheriff, and part of St Ives from Ramsey abbey on which Eustace appears to have had a claim}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
HUN 6,7. 19,15;19}}}{\insrsid12807907 . A charter of Henry I records that Ingelrann }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8485302 de Auco}{\insrsid12807907  (Eu) gave a knight's fee in Gidding and Liddington to Huntingdonshire priory: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5652209 Monasticon}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5652209 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6387972 vi. 79-80, n}{\insrsid12807907 o}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6387972 . 2}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5652209 ; }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5652209 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5652209 , i. 334. Both Guy and Ingelrann were tenants of}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2579360 Ramsey abbey: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2579360 
Cartulary of Ramsey abbey}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2579360 , i. 147-48}{\insrsid12807907 , 151-52}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2579360 .}{\insrsid12807907  Ingelrann's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 970)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid11435285  p. 280.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907 INGEN}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ULF}{\insrsid12807907 
. Ingen}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13569439 ulf }{\insrsid12807907 is a rare name which occurs}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13569439  }{\insrsid12807907 six}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13569439  }{\insrsid12807907 
times, distributed among three counties and the lands of two tenants-in-chief, probably borne by two men.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par INGEN}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ULF <OF IBSTOCK>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13569439 , }{\insrsid12807907 the Ingenulfs who held Ibstock }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13569439 in Leicestershire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid11163941 LEC 44,11}}}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13569439 and }{\insrsid12807907 Wilnecote, Seckington and Bourton}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13569439  in Warwickshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 16,24-25;30}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid13569439  from the Count of Meulan}{\insrsid12807907  are probably one man. Wilnecote and Seckington were shared with Arnulf of Wilnecote (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3085035 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 );}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid13569439  }{\insrsid12807907 Ibstock, Seckington and Bourton descended to the Bruton family, but not apparently Wilnecote: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11163941 VCH Warwickshire}{\insrsid12807907 , iv. }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid5396035 198, 249-50; vi. 39. }{\insrsid12807907 Ingenulf's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{
\insrsid12807907 (no. 4751)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid5396035 281.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par INGEN}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ULF <OF }{\insrsid12807907 WHADDON}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >.}{\insrsid12807907  As the name is rare, the Ingenulfs who held Whaddon and Alderbury in Wiltshire from Waleran the hunter are probably one man}
{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
WIL 37,12;14}}}{\insrsid12807907 , who may also be }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Engenold}{\insrsid12807907 , the tenant at Barford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 37,9}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Engenold - an otherwise unknown name, perhaps a scribal error - was preceded by Bolla, who also preceded Ingenulf at Whaddon. Ingenulf has no links with the tenant of the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13569439 Count of Meulan}{\insrsid12807907 
 in Leicestershire and Warwickshire. His manors, including Barford, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 8772)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  188.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 INGRAM <OF BILBY>. }{\insrsid12807907 
All Ingrams in Domesday Book are tenants of Roger of Bully - at Norton and Alfreton in Derbyshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 16,6-7}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Bilby in Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 9,45}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 - and so are almost certainly one man. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 6835)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  281.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 INGVAR}{\insrsid12807907 . The name Ingva
r occurs sixteen times, distributed among five counties and the lands of eight tenants-in-chief. The distribution is skewed, with five names in Devon and the remainder in four adjacent counties in eastern England where several of the manors are valuable. 
All sixteen are names of pre-Conquest lords.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 INGVAR <OF BURSTEAD>. }{\insrsid12807907 In view of their distribution and value, it is 
likely that all the manors held by an Ingvar outside Devon belonged to one man, variously described as a royal thane, a thane, and a free man}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 34,1. ESS 18,2. 37,3. SUF 19,16}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. As thane and free man occur on two of his most valuable manors, the terms are evidently scribal idiosyncrasies r
ather than accurate descriptions of status. Ingvar was the predecessor of three tenants-in-chief, each of whom acquired at least one of his valuable manors in one or more counties: Count Eustace of Boulogne at Duxford in Cambridgeshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
CAM 15,2}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Chrishall in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 20,71}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; Ranulf brother of Ilger at Everton in Huntingdonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HUN 24,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and Harlow, Thorpehall, Baythorn, and Mountnessing in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 37,3;10;12;16}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; and the bishop of Bayeux at Burstead in the same county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 18,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, the most valuable of all. He may also be the anonymous free man who preceded Ranulf on the valuable manor of Birdbrook}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4018913 ESS 37,11}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , sandwiched between his manors of similar status at Thorpehall and Baythorn End. His less valuable manors at Gamlingay in Cambridgeshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 34,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  and St Lawrence in Essex}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
ESS 37,14}}}{\insrsid12807907  devolved upon Ranulf. The only 'man' of Ingvar, at South Elmham in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 19,16}}}{\insrsid12807907 , was presumably his also. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 A list of }{\insrsid12807907 his}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  manor}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  is given by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1604828 Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11564255 English nobility}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1604828 , pp. 315-16}{
\insrsid12807907 , who}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4605966  ranks }{\insrsid12807907 him}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4605966  forty-fourth in wealth among untitled}{\insrsid12807907  laymen.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 IOVIN [* THE CRAFTSMAN *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Iovin, who held a small fief in Cornwall and part of the royal manors of Winnianton (in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6717044 Exon.}{\insrsid12807907 
) and Lanow from the Count of Mortain}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 1,1;4. 5,7,1-13}}}{\insrsid12807907 , may be Iovin the craftsman (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8485302 faber}{\insrsid12807907 
) named in a charter of Launceston priory, as suggested by Dr Keats-Rohan. The name Iovin does not occur elsewhere in Domesday Book. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 
Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 166)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p
}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  284-85.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \cbpat8 {\insrsid12807907 "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 IRIC}{\insrsid12807907 ". The name }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1732995 Iric}{
\i\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907 occurs four times, once in Devon and three times in Suffolk, all pre-Conquest landowners. }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1732995 Iric}{\insrsid12807907  may be the same name as Erik, Erik of Tealby (}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13894147 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ) being named }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13894147 Yri}{\insrsid12807907  in the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4938831 Ramsey chronicle}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907 
Chronicon abbatiae Rameseiensis}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 pp. 175}{\insrsid12807907 . However, the distribution and status of Erik's lands make it improbable that he is related to the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1732995 Iric}
{\insrsid12807907 s of Suffolk or Devon.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907 "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 IRIC}{\insrsid12807907 "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  <OF BULKWORTHY>. }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1732995 Iric}{\insrsid12807907 , whose respectable manor at Bulkworthy in Devon was acquired by the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13989193 Count of Mortain}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 15,14}}}{\insrsid12807907 , has no links 
with his remote namesakes in Suffolk.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 IRIC}{\insrsid12807907 "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  <OF WINSTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, it is likely that the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1732995 Iric}{\insrsid12807907 s at Wi
nston, Hemingstone and Ashbocking in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 4,4. 21,22. 25,59}}}{\insrsid12807907  are one man, though the manors were acquired by different tenants-in-chief, the vills being within a few miles of each other and}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2454779  the abbey of Ely ha}{\insrsid12807907 ving}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2454779  an interest}{\insrsid12807907  in each of them}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2454779 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par IUDHAEL. If Iudhael of Totnes is discounted, Iudhael is a rare name which occurs four times, twice in Devon (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11690272 Judhell}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11690272 Juhel}{\insrsid12807907 ) and once each Gl
oucestershire (}{\i\insrsid12807907 I}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14621396 d}{\i\insrsid12807907 h}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14621396 el}{\insrsid12807907 ) and Warwickshire (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14621396 Juhellus}{\insrsid12807907 
). It is sometimes confused with Judicael.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11690272 {\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 IUDHAEL <OF SECKINGTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 Iudhael (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14621396 Juhellus}{\insrsid12807907 
), tenant of William son of Corbucion at Seckington in Warwickshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 28,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is very unlikely to be either }{\i\insrsid12807907 I}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14621396 d}{
\i\insrsid12807907 h}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14621396 el}{\insrsid12807907  the reeve of Gloucestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS W2}}}{\insrsid12807907  or Iudhael of Totnes. He is identified as Judicael the priest (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1592065 q.v.}{
\insrsid12807907 ) in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1592065 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 972), referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{
\insrsid12807907  282.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 IUDHAEL [* OF TOTNES *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Iudhaels assigned the borough revenues of Totnes and the queen's tenant at Asprington in Devon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 1,55;71}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are almost certainly Iudhael of Totnes, tenant-in-chief in the county and the only Iudhael in the south-west. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907 
 (no. 747)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  285-86.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 IUSTEN}{\insrsid12807907 . Iusten is a rare name which occurs five times, distributed among three counties and the lands of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 as many tenants-in-chief, 
perhaps borne by two individuals.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 IUSTEN}{\insrsid12807907  <OF HORDLE>. As the name is rare, the Iusten whose substantial manor at 
Hordle in the New Forest was acquired by Ralph of Mortimer may be the Iusten with a subtenancy from the bishop of Winchester at Crondall}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14621396 HAM }{\insrsid12807907 
3,8. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14621396 NF5,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 . There is no direct link between them, but several such between the bishopric and Mortimer, who had acquired several manors at the expense of Winchester}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 46,4. HAM 3,1;9. 29,1;3;9}}
}{\insrsid12807907 , Hordle perhaps being one of them.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 IUSTEN <OF NORMANTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, it is likely that the Iustens whose manors of Normanton and Bridgford in Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 9,69;101}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 were acquired by Roger of Bully is one man, who is perhaps also the thane Iusten at Newton in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14621396 LIN 68,41}}}{\insrsid12807907 , a similar distance from Bridgford as Bridgford from Nor
manton. If so, he survived on the least of his holdings, which he retained for two decades but was waste in 1086. He is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 34898).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 IVO. Ivo }{\insrsid12807907 is a fairly common name which occurs}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 on two fiefs and more than forty other entries as well as a number of Claims, distributed among}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  eight counties}{\insrsid12807907  and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  the lands of the king and fourteen of his tenants-in-chief, }{\insrsid12807907 with one significant cluster in Lincolnshire. It}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is}{\insrsid12807907 , however,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  uncommon in the sense that it was }{\insrsid12807907 probably }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 borne by few individuals, perhaps no more than half-a-dozen.
}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid342713 IVO <OF "ALUREDESTUNA">.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 Ivo, who held the substantial manor of }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid342713 Aluredestuna}{\insrsid12807907  in Suffolk from Ranulf son of Ilger
}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUF 39,12}}}{\insrsid12807907 , has no links with his namesakes. There are no more Ivos on Ranulf's Honour, and no
 other unidentified Ivos in East Anglia. Dr Keats-Rohan suggests he is 'possibly' Ivo of Verdun, a benefactor of Thetford priory named in the charters of the Bigot family. His manor is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 8043)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  282-83.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 IVO <OF DRIBY>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is uncommon, t}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 he Ivo}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held }{\insrsid12807907 several manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 from Gilbert of Ghent and Eudo son of Spirewic in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 24,27;33;73. 29,27}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 may be one man,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 the ancestor of the Driby family, which held fees from their successors in 1166 and into the thirteenth century: }{\i\insrsid12807907 Red Book,}{\insrsid12807907  i}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . 383; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 pp. 182, 1052,1056-57, 1067, 1069-70. }{\insrsid12807907 His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907  (no. 8862)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  283}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 IVO [* OF GRANDMESNIL *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Ivos who held manors from Hugh of Grandmesnil and his wife in Bedfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 54,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Leicestershire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
LEC 13,35;44;50-51;65}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 23,9;12}}}{\insrsid12807907  may be their son, Ivo; if so, the Bedfordshire entry reveals that he was his father's steward: }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Mason, 'Barons and their officials', p.}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 256}{\insrsid12807907 . Stenton suggested that}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the
 Leicestershire tenant might be the knight Ivo who witnessed }{\insrsid12807907 a}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  charter}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 of 1077}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  for Monks Kirby }{
\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 riory}{\insrsid12807907 ; but the tenancies are rather }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 substantial for a simple }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 miles}{\insrsid12807907 
 and more likely to have been those of his lord, Ivo: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Monasticon}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , vi/ii. 996, no. 1}{\insrsid12807907 ; }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid664992 '}{\insrsid12807907 Domesday
 survey of Leicestershire', p. 292. Dr Keats-Rohan suggests that Ivo was 'perhaps' the tenant of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Earl Roger of Shrewsbury in Sussex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 11,5;32;55;79}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. No other Ivo held land south of the Thames so these manors were probably held by one man though in the hands of different families in the thirteenth century: Farrer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3753915 Honors}{\insrsid12807907 
, iii. 33, 65-66. Ivo succeeded his father in the mid-1090s and was exiled by Henry I in 1102, both of which events may have affected the descent of his tenancies: }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15150746 Sanders, }{\i\insrsid12807907 English baronies}{
\insrsid12807907 , pp. 61-62. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 401)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  282, apart from a subtenancy at Hardham in Sussex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 11,79}}}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid342713 IVO <OF LOUGHTON>. As the name is uncommon, the Ivo who held Weston Underwood in}{\insrsid12807907  Buckinghamshire from the Count of Mortain may be the tenant of Walter Giffard at Loughton, ten miles away}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
BUK 12,34. 14,39}}}{\insrsid12807907 , though the manors were in different hands in the thirteenth century: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid342713 VCH Buckinghamshire}{\insrsid12807907 
, iv. 396, 500. Neither tenant-in-chief had other Ivos among their tenants, and there are no others in the county. Ivo's manors are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907  (no. 6840)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  283.

\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 IVO [* OF THIERCEVILLE *]. Ivo}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held Long Clawson in Leicestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 15,12}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 and Ropsley in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 18,24}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  from Robert of Tosny}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  identified }{\insrsid12807907 in}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  a charter of Henry I as Ivo of }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Tigerivilla}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , from Thierceville in }{\insrsid12807907 Upper }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
Normandy (Eure: arrondissement Les Andelys): Loyd, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1391730 Some Anglo-Norman families}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , p. 103. The descent of }{\insrsid12807907 Ivo's other tenancies from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
Robert}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 
\tab LIN 18,15-16;32}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  ha}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  not been traced; but }{\insrsid12807907 as the name is uncommon}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , they }{\insrsid12807907 
are likely to have been held by the same man}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 2733)}
{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 282}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3753915 IVO [* TALLBOYS *].}{\insrsid12807907  The Ivos on the royal manors of Grantham and Great Ponton in Lincolnshire are evidently the sheriff, Ivo Tallboys}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 1,9;14}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, who is also the Ivo who held Walcot and its dependencies from the abbey of Peterborough}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3753915 8,10;28}{\insrsid12807907 -30}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3753915 , confirmed by royal writ: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3753915 Regesta}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3753915 , i. no. 409}{\insrsid12807907 . He is probably the Ivo who held Ashton in Northamptonshire from the abbey}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 6a,34}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and also the tenant}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid3753915  Roger of Poitou and Jocelyn son of Lambert }{\insrsid12807907 at Dunstall and North Willingham in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3753915 LIN}{\insrsid12807907 
 16,24. 28,21}}}{\insrsid12807907 , where}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  he held in chief in }{\insrsid12807907 all three}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  vills}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 14,7;23}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
, sharing the entire vill in the first }{\insrsid12807907 two }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 case}{\insrsid12807907 s. Finally, he may be the tenant}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  of Robert Malet }{\insrsid12807907 
at Casthorpe, a dependency of Barrowby,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 since}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 he }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 acquired three }{\insrsid12807907 other }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 dependencies of the manor from Malet's predecessor}{\insrsid12807907 , Godwin of Barrowby}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LIN 14,88-89;95. 58,2}{
\insrsid12807907 ;4}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 his}{\insrsid12807907  wife was Robert Malet's niece: }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15150746 Sanders, }{\i\insrsid12807907 English baronies}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
, pp. 17-18)}{\insrsid12807907 . }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 The Ivo }{\insrsid12807907 named in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the Lincolnshire Claims is identified by entries on Tallboys' fief}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN CW13. CK63. 14,21;91}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Ivo's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 1595), apart from a subtenancy at Casthorpe a
nd a jurisdiction at Dunstall}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 16,24. 58,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 ;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 most of the references are missing from }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
, p.}{\insrsid12807907  283.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14902340 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 IWAR. }{\insrsid12807907 Iwar is a rare name which occurs three times, once in Shropshire and twice in Staffordshire.

\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 IWAR <OF ALTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name i
s rare, the Iwars who held adjacent, waste manors in Alton and Denstone in Staffordshire in 1066}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 1,54-55}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are almost certainly one man, but perhaps unlikely to be the other Iwar in Domesday Book, a tenant of Earl Roger of Shrewsbury on a small manor in the lost vill of Newetone, south of Oswestry, in Shropshire, some sixty miles to the west.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 IWAR <OF NEWETONE>. }{\insrsid12807907 The tenant of Earl Roger of Shrewsbury on a modest property in the lost vill of }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9764995 Newetone}{\insrsid12807907 , near the Welsh border in Shropshire
}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }
{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9764995 SHR 4,27,34}}}{\insrsid12807907 , has no links to the one other Iwar, the pre-Conquest lord of Alton and Denstone in Staffordshire, roughly sixty miles to the east. He is unidentified in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1727758 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 31119).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 JOCELYN [* OF TUSCHET *]. The Jocelyn}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held }{\insrsid12807907 Newton, Croxton and Tabley}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in Cheshir}{\insrsid12807907 e}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
CHS 19,1-3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\insrsid12807907 Kniveton, Allestree and Mackworth in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Derbyshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 4,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  a}{\insrsid12807907 nd Ashwell in Rutland}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 13,38. RUT 6,16}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  from Earl Hug}{\insrsid12807907 h of Chester,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }
{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 identified as }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Jocelyn Tuschet, or Jocelyn of Tuschet}{\insrsid12807907 , by the descent of his manors to his son and grandson: }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 Farrer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 Honors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , i}{\insrsid12807907 i.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  28-32, 254-55}{\insrsid12807907 ; }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 St
atham. 'Later descendants', pp. 91-103. He }{\insrsid12807907 may}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  also }{\insrsid12807907 be }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 the Jocelyn }{\insrsid12807907 with}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 a subtenancy on Earl Hugh's manor of Weaverham with Antrobus}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 
{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 1,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  whose descent has not been traced; these vills are six and }{\insrsid12807907 eight}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 miles from Jocelyn 's }{\insrsid12807907 manor of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Tabley. }{\insrsid12807907 There are no othe
r Jocelyns in Cheshire; Jocelyn the Breton, a tenant of the earl at Slapton in Northamptonshire, is the one other Jocelyn on the Honour of Chester. Jocelyn's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 2977)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  236.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 JOCELYN [* }{\insrsid12807907 SON }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OF }{\insrsid12807907 LAMBERT}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  *]. }{\insrsid12807907 
Although his tenancies devolved upon six tenants-in-chief, all but one}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 13,38}}}{\insrsid12807907  of the Jocelyns in Lincolns
hire may be Jocelyn son of Lambert, a tenant-in-chief whose Honour is confined to that county. Of the six, only one - the bishop of Lincoln}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6444514 OXF 6,12}}}{
\insrsid12807907  - had a Jocelyn among his tenants outside the county.
\par \tab Jocelyn son of Lambert is named as the tenant of Gilbert of Ghent at Hagworthingham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 24,53}}}{\insrsid12807907  and of the bishop of Durham at Blyborough}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 3,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, so he may also be the bishop's tenant at Pickworth and its dependency, particularly as the bishop acquired this from Aghmund (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15862366 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ), the principal predecessor of Lambert's son}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
LIN 3,33-34}}}{\insrsid12807907 , while another of the bishop's tenants, Lambert (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11946843 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
), is probably a relative of Jocelyn, if not his father. Both the bishop of Lincoln and Ivo Tallboys were involved in a claim concerning Aghmund's land}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN CW13}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, suggesting that Ivo's tenants at Scotton and Cuxwold}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 14,25;40}}}{\insrsid12807907  and the bishop's at Willingham, Elsham, Worlaby, Croxton, Owersby and Kingerby}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 7,2;19-20;26;28;58}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 may also be the son of Lambert. Additionally, in the bishop's case the descent of these manors indicates that his tenant and that of the bishop of Durham are the same man (below). T
here are other links. One of the bishop's manors lay in Willingham-by-Stow, where Jocelyn held in chief, and Owersby and Kingerby are a mile from Jocelyn's manor of Osgodby; Ivo himself was probably a }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11487585 
tenant of Jocelyn at North Willingham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11487585 LIN 28,21}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11487585 . The Jocelyn who held Normanby and Tealby from Drogo of la Beuvri\'e8re}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 30,3-4}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid11487585  is also likely to be Lambert's son. The manors are a few}{\insrsid12807907  miles from his manor of Worlaby and there is a distinct possibility that Drogo's tenant Lambert (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11487585 q.v.}{
\insrsid12807907 ) is, if not Jocelyn's father, then a relative.
\par \tab 
Less certainly, Alfred of Lincoln's tenant Jocelyn may be Lambert's son. His tenancies are all in Kesteven or Lindsey South Riding where they are intermixed with manors which Jocelyn held in chief or as a tenant of the bishop Durham and Gilbert of Ghe
nt: Torrington}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 27,20-21}}}{\insrsid12807907  is two or three miles from Holton and Bleasby; Boothby Graffoe and Somerton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 27,59}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are six to eight miles from Braceby; 'Sempringham' and Billingborough a similar distance from Pickworth}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 27,57-58}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and Alvingham and Cockerington}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 27,22;25}}}{\insrsid12807907  eleven miles from Maltby-
le-Marsh. There is also a tenurial link, albeit slight. Of the tenancies in Lindsey South Riding, Cockerington had been resumed as demesne by the time of the Lindsey Survey (18/1), Alvingham cannot be disentangled from other holdings in the vill, and Torr
i
ngton was held by a Jocelyn (16/9) who is possibly Lambert's son though it is usually assumed that he was dead by the date of the Survey, his fief being held by his son, Gilbert; possibly the scribe's information was not up-to-date. However, Gilbert son o
f Jocelyn did hold Stixwould from Alan, Alfred of Lincoln's son (13/8). This manor was held from Alfred by a Siward in 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12270359 LIN 27,19}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , so some reconfiguration of Alfred's tenancies had occurred which involved Jocelyn's heir.
\par \tab The tenants of the bishop of Durham at P
ickworth and Braceby and of the bishop of Lincoln throughout the county have previously been identified as one man by the descent of their manors to the Amundeville family; but the evidence cited above suggests that Amundeville is an alias of Jocelyn son 
of Lambert. Dr Clay identified the ancestor of the Amundeville family as probably the Jocelyn (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15083929 Ivelin}{\insrsid12807907 ) of Amundeville who witnessed a charter of F\'e9
camp abbey on the eve of the Domesday Inquest: 'Family of Amundeville', pp. 109-110. Dr Keats-Rohan, however, 
cites charter evidence to prove that this identification is 'certainly wrong', as is Jocelyn's place of origin in Mondeville (Calvados: arrondissement Caen) which Loyd derived from that identification: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1391730 
Some Anglo-Norman families}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 4. She suggests instead
 one of two Emondevilles, respectively in Seine-Maritime and Manche, the former being the more likely. In view of this uncertainty and the derivation of the bulk of Jocelyn's Honour, however, it is perhaps possible that the family name has an English orig
in, derived from Jocelyn's predecessor, Aghmund, though no such English place-name other than Amounderness survives.
\par \tab The manors of Jocelyn son of Lambert }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 2581)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 and include the tenants of Gilbert of Ghent and Ivo Tallboys; Jocelyn 
of Amundeville is identified as another man whose manors include two of the three held from the bishop of Durham and all of those from the bishop of Lincoln (no. 2993); and the tenant of Alfred of Lincoln is identified as a third individual (no. 3357), th
e manors of all three being referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907 
 233, 236-37. The tenant of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15083929 Drogo of la Beuvri\'e8re}{\insrsid12807907  at Normanby is unidentified (no. 34233), its dependency assigned to Drogo's demesne.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 JOCELYN [* THE BRETON *]. Jocelyn}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held Slapton in Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 22,9}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 from Earl Hugh of Chester}{\insrsid12807907 , is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  identified as the tenant-in-chief in Bedfordshire, Buckinghamshire and Gloucestershire}{\insrsid12807907  by the descent of his manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
: }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 Farrer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 Honors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , i}{\insrsid12807907 i.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  216-219. }{\insrsid12807907 They }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 155)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 pp. 235-36.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 JOCELYN [* THE LORIMER *]. It is possible that}{\insrsid12807907  all}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Jocelyns in Little Domesday are one man, }{\insrsid12807907 whose various aliases are }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Jocelyn }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 the lorimer}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , Jocelyn of Loddon, Jocelyn of Norwich, Jocelyn a man of Frodo, Jocelyn a man of the Count of Mortain and }{\insrsid12807907 
perhaps}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Jocelyn of Ely. }{\insrsid12807907 Most of the Jocelyns in East Anglia are tenants of the abbey of Bury St Edmunds: at Quidenham, Blo Norton, Mundham and Norton }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6444514 Subcourse}{
\insrsid12807907  in Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 14,7-8;36;42}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and at Oakley and Stuston in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 14,137-138}}}{\insrsid12807907  where he is
 described as a man of Frodo, Abbot Baldwin's brother. The Feudal Book of Abbot Baldwin indicates that these manors were held by one man, though some shuffling of his tenancies occurred at some point, the most significant being that Loddon, held by Frodo 
in Domesday Book}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 14,35}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is assigned to Jocelyn while Mundham is held by Frodo: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Feudal documents}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 10, 22-23. Jocelyn's tenure of Loddon identifies him as the Jocelyn of Loddon }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 whose widow was granted his lands by the abbot: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Feudal documents}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, p. 109.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6444514 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 \tab The abbey's tenant}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  may also be Jocelyn of Norwich}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  who held land }{\insrsid12807907 on his own account }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
alongside Jocelyn of Loddon}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 in }{\insrsid12807907 the vill of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Norton Subcourse}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 65,15}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. Dr Keats-Rohan suggests that }{\insrsid12807907 Jocelyn the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 lorimer}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  who held }{\insrsid12807907 a fief and two}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  manors in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15008338 64}{\insrsid12807907 ,1}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15008338 . 1,2. 9,7}}}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 - one claimed by Ely abbey - }{
\insrsid12807907 is another of his aliases, as}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Jocelyn of Ely}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 whose nephew was granted land by Ramsey abbey, a grant witnessed by the prior and monks of Ely: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Chronicon abbatiae Rameseiensis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 249-50. }{\insrsid12807907 
One of the two remaining Jocelyns in East Anglia was a tenant of Ely abbey at Rattlesden}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 (SUF 21,1)}{\insrsid12807907  while the other, a tenant of Robert Malet at }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12736059 Ma}{
\i\insrsid12807907 ne}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12736059 uuic}{\insrsid12807907  in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 6,19}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, was partially under its jurisdiction; since the abbey had no Jocelyns on its Honour, the link, those slight in some cases, has some weight. Dr Keats-Rohan
 identifies Malet's tenant as the man who granted tithes in Huntingfield to the Malet foundation of Eye priory; but this tithe was subsequently referred to as the tithe of Rocelin, and the family as the FitzRocelins, so Jocelyn in the }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2247931 Eye cartulary}{\insrsid12807907  (p. 72) may be a scribal error for }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11738308 R}{\insrsid12807907 ocelyn. Neither Malet or Bury St Edmunds had other Jocelyns on their Honours. }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Jocelyn's manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 691) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, p. 234, apart from Rattlesden, assigned to another man (no. 8426)}{\insrsid12807907 , and }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12736059 Ma}{\i\insrsid12807907 ne}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12736059 uuic}{\insrsid12807907 
, assigned to Jocelyn of Hollesley (no. 8222).}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid14162441 JOHAIS <}{\insrsid12807907 OF BARCHESTON}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14162441 >}{\insrsid12807907 . Although the manors are roughly twenty miles apart, tenants of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14162441 William son of Corbucion}{\insrsid12807907  at Weston-under-Wetherley and Barcheston in Warwickshire
}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
WAR 28,8;10}}}{\insrsid12807907 , are almost certainly the same man, the only Johais in Domesday Book. When next recorded at the turn of the twelfth and thirteenth centurie
s, the tenancies are in the hands of different families, though a half-fee in both vills was held by the Hastings family in the fourteenth century: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7237629 VCH Warwickshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7237629 
, v. 5; vi. 252. Johais is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7237629 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7237629  (nos. 28503, 28505).}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14162441 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 JOHN. }{\insrsid12807907 
John is a fairly common name which occurs}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888  }{\insrsid12807907 on five fiefs and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 more than }{\insrsid12807907 fifty}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888  }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 , distributed}{\insrsid12807907  among eighteen counties between De
von and Yorkshire and the lands of the king and nineteen of his tenants-in-chief. It is more common after the Conquest than before, when eight manors in five counties were acquired by four tenants-in-chief.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 JOHN <OF }{\insrsid12807907 ORTON}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. The }{\insrsid12807907 tenants of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 the }{\insrsid12807907 bishop of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Lincoln}{
\insrsid12807907  and of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Eustace the sheriff}{\insrsid12807907 , who both held manors in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Orton Waterville and Stilton }{\insrsid12807907 in Huntingdonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HUN 2,6-7. 19,4-5}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , are almost certainly the same John. Similarly, those of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Erneis of Buron}{\insrsid12807907  at Coleby}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LIN }{
\insrsid12807907 34,24-26}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15352505  }{\insrsid12807907 and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15352505  Newsome Farm}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15352505 YKS 24}{\insrsid12807907 
W}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15352505 18}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15352505  in Yorkshire}{\insrsid12807907  are probably one man, though }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10841643 the descent of }{\insrsid12807907 the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10841643 
tenancies across the two counties cannot be traced}{\insrsid12807907  to one family}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10841643 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10841643 Early Yorkshire charters}{\insrsid12807907 , x. 1 note 10,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10841643 
 62-63, 86-87. }{\insrsid12807907 Dr }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11352544 Keats-Rohan}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  suggests the }{\insrsid12807907 tenants of the bishop, sheriff and Erneis are the same man,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10841643  }{
\insrsid12807907 which}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10841643  is }{\insrsid12807907 possible}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10841643  in view of the comparable status of the}{\insrsid12807907 ir manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10841643 
 and the rarity of the name in }{\insrsid12807907 region. W}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ith the exception of }{\insrsid12807907 a}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  tenant of Osbern of Arques at }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15352505 Green Hammerton}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid15352505 YKS 25}{\insrsid12807907 W24}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15352505 , }{\insrsid12807907 they are the only Johns in circuit six or on the Honours concerned. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
Green Hammerton is ten miles from Newsome Farm, three from Tockwith}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  where the descendants of the Buron tenant had an interest}{\insrsid12807907 , so Osbern's tenant may be the same John}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 John's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 8725)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 284}{\insrsid12807907 , where Weston Favell in Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 48,13}}}{\insrsid12807907  is also assigned to him. The tenant at }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15352505 Green Hammerton}{
\insrsid12807907  is identified as another man (no. 8866).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 JOHN <OF }{\insrsid12807907 THURLESTONE}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 As the only Johns in Devon, the predecessors of Iudhael of Totnes at Bovey and Thurlestone are almost certainly one man}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
DEC 17,22;33}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; the vills are thirty miles apart. It is possible that he is John the Dane, but there are no links to confirm this.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 JOHN <OF WOODCOTE>. }{\insrsid12807907 
John is a comparatively rare name in the north. If John of Orton is excluded, it occurs four times in the fourteen counties of Cheshire, Shropshire, Staffordshire and those of circuits four and six. Three o
f the four, tenants of Henry of Ferrers at Woodcote in Leicestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 14,26}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Rodsley and Osleston in Derbyshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 6,62-63}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are probably therefore one man. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 He contributed the tithes of }{\insrsid12807907 Sudbury, Aston and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Osleston in Derbyshire to the foundation of Tutbury priory: }{
\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Cartulary of Tutbury priory}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 6}{\insrsid12807907 5}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 
Sudbury and Aston were held by other Ferrers' tenants in Domesday, so some re-arrangement of his tenancies had taken place by the date of the charter (1087-1100); }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 the descent of Woodcote has not been traced; }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Leicestershire Survey}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 47}{\insrsid12807907 . John's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 (no. 3855) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 284.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 JOHN [* SON OF WALERAN *]. }{\insrsid12807907 John, who held Henny in Essex as one of the Annexations of Waleran, is almost certainly his son who held a manor in Henny on his own fief}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 40,4. 90,46}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 489)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  284.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 JOHN [* THE DANE *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The predecessors of Matthew of Mortain at Milborne St Andrew and Overmoigne in Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 46,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Shipton Moyne in
 Gloucestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 73,2}}}{\insrsid12807907  are very probably John the Dane, named in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6717044 Exon.}{\insrsid12807907  as Matthew's predecessor at Clevedon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 6,14. 44,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 in Somerset and of the bishop of Wells at Yatton in the county. The other manor on Matthew's fief in Somerset was held by Thorkil the Dane, one of his other two manors in Gloucestershire by Strang the Dane, and one of the two in Essex by Aki the Dane}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
ESS 53,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907 . The Denyes family, which retained an interest in several of these manors, may be descendants of John and Thorkil: Oggins, 'Richard of Ilchester's inheritan
ce', 57-67. Dr Williams suggests that John and Strang may in fact be the same man, John being the 'Christian' name of Strang: 'Introduction to the Gloucestershire Domesday', p. 26. John was probably the sheriff named as an overlord at Dinedor in Herefords
hire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 
\tab HEF 10,19}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, who otherwise was a sheriff without a landed interest. Only two other pre-Conquest lords of this name are recorded in Domesday Book, both predecessors of Iudhael of Totnes on respectable manors at North Bovey and Thurlestone in Devon}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
DEV 17,22;33}}}{\insrsid12807907 . The distribution suggests they may be John the Dane, though there are no links to confirm this. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 A list of }{\insrsid12807907 John's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  manor}{
\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 English }{\i\insrsid12807907 n}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 obility}{\i\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 p. }{
\insrsid12807907 316}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 , }{\insrsid12807907 which}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  }{\insrsid12807907 does not include the manors in Devon or connect John to the sheriff. He ranks John eighty-sixth in wealth among}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 untitled laymen.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 JOHN [* THE USHER *]. }{\insrsid12807907 John, who held 'Winterborne' among the king's sergeants in Dorset, is named John the usher in the Geld Roll for the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 57,10}}}{\insrsid12807907 : }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15626034 VCH Dorset}{\insrsid12807907 , iii. 135. John had similar service holdings in Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 68,18-19}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Somerset}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SOM 46,6-11}}}{\insrsid12807907 , where he is given his byname in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9979953 Exon}{\insrsid12807907 . on the last three of the Somerset manors. According to }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6717044 Exon.}{\insrsid12807907  he was 
also a tenant of the bishops of Winchester and Wells and of Glastonbury abbey in the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 2,8. 6,7. 8,26}}}{\insrsid12807907 . It is not unlikely that he is the tenant of Roger of Courseulles at 'Edstock'}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SOM 21,32}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and of Cranborne abbey in Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 10,2;4}}}{\insrsid12807907 , the only other tenants of this name in the sout
h-west. 'Edstock' is adjacent to Cannington, held by John the usher according to }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6717044 Exon.}{\cs23\i\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 46,9}}}{\insrsid12807907 
; the two Cranborne manors are adjacent to each other. John's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 297)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{
\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  284.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16598154 JUDICAEL. Judicael }{\insrsid12807907 is a rare name, borne by five unidentified men, all possibly one of the two landowners who are accorded bynames. It is sometimes confused with Judhael.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 JUDICAEL [* THE HUNTER *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Judicaels whose urban properties and rural manors in Girton and Histon in Cambridgeshire were acquired by the Count of Mortain are almost certainly Judicael the hunter, }
{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2839696 whose manors of Barton and Grantchester also }{\insrsid12807907 devolved upon}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2839696  the Count, all five forming a tight group in and around Cambridge}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM B1. 12,2-5}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2839696 . }{\insrsid12807907 At }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2839696 Barton}{\insrsid12807907 , Judicael }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2839696 is described as King}{\insrsid12807907 
 Edward's hunter. As the name is rare and the functions related, he may be Judicael the falconer, on the royal manor of Redenhall in Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 1,131}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, the one other pre-Conquest Judicael. If so, he survived until 1086, initially as falconer to Earl Ralph Wader.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5000 JUDICAEL [* THE PRIEST *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Dr Keats-Rohan suggests that the Judicael who held Yatton in Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 25,27}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Wyboston in Bedfordshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
BDF 55,4}}}{\insrsid12807907  may be Judicael the priest, who had small fiefs in Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 44,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 64,1-3. 75,5}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and was probably a canon of Cherbourg, appointed by the Conqueror. The manors are of comparable size and the name is rare, but there are no precise links between them; the manors were held by different families in the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3895218 
thirteenth century: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3895218 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3895218 , p. 716; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3895218 VCH Bedfordshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3895218 , iii. 1}{\insrsid12807907 9}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid3895218 9. }{\insrsid12807907 A stronger case can be made for the one other tenant, who held Langley in Warwickshire from Robert of Stafford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 22,26}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and may be the Judicael the priest who witnessed his charter of 1072}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid223219 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid223219 Staffordshire chartulary}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid223219 , pp. 178, 181.}{\insrsid12807907  }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid3895218 Judicael's manors are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 972)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 
referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  282, apart from the tenant of Langley, identified as another Judicael (no. 3640)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  291 under the form Ludichel.

\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11955159 COUNTESS [* JUDITH *]. The Countess named in the Huntingdonshire Claims concerning}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12789035  }{\insrsid12807907 Little }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12789035 Catworth }{\insrsid12807907 
in Huntingdonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab HUN D18}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12789035  can only be Countess Judith, }{\insrsid12807907 her claim being based on the grant of Catworth}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12789035  }{\insrsid12807907 to}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12789035  Earl Waltheof}{\insrsid12807907  (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11955159 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 )}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12789035 , her husband. }{\insrsid12807907 The manor concerned is either entry 13,4 o
r 13,5. The Countess is the only Judith in Domesday Book. Her manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 267)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  286-87.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 KARLI. }{\insrsid12807907 
The name Karli is common in Yorkshire, fairly so in Lincolnshire, but comparatively rare elsewhere, occurring once each in Berkshire, Surrey, Somerset and Derbyshire; twice in Hampshire, Shropshire and Cheshire, and
 three times in Sussex, one survivor holding a manor in Lincolnshire and in Yorkshire. The manors in southern England distinguished by the large proportion of high status manors, most of them acquired by one tenant-in-chief.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 KARLI <OF DONISTHORPE>. }{\insrsid12807907 Karli, whose tiny holding worth twelve pence at Donisthorpe in Derbyshire was acquired by Nigel of Stafford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 14,9}}}{\insrsid12807907 , has no lin
ks with other Karlis.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 KARLI <OF NORTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 All Karlis in southern England may be one man, a predecessor of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 Alfred of Marlborough in }{\insrsid12807907 Surrey}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUR 33,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, Hampshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 36,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 26,1-15}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 34,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, who contributed roughly half the value of Alfred's Honour. It seems likely that he was the father of the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 Godric and Godwin, }{\insrsid12807907 sons of Karli, whose valuable }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 manors }
{\insrsid12807907 in Kent were acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 Bishop Odo}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN D17}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15864729 . 5,25}{\insrsid12807907 ;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15864729 105}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Toli, who shared Higham with Godwin}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 1,105}}}{\insrsid12807907  and held another valuable manor at Cray}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 5,24}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 six miles from Godric's manor of Wickham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 5,25}}}{\insrsid12807907 , may be another of his sons, the three of them perhaps being the three brothers from whom Humphrey Visdeloup acquired the valuable manor of Boxford in Berkshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
BRK 54,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 , or the three thanes from whom he obtained another valuable manor at Benham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 54,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5243237 Humphrey inherited his most valuable manor - Speen}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
BRK 54,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5243237  - from Karli and four-fifths of the value of his Honour from his family if these identifications are }{\insrsid12807907 correct}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5243237 . The three other Karlis in}{\insrsid12807907 
 southern England are Sussex landowners, their manors - freehold or held directly from the king - devolving upon the lords of the respective Rapes rather than a designated predecessor}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 10,60;114. 13,14}}}{\insrsid12807907 
; but given the distribution of the name, it is not unlikely these, too, are Karli of Norton. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 A list of }{\insrsid12807907 his}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  manor}{\insrsid12807907 s}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11564255 English nobility}{\i\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 pp. 317-18, }{\insrsid12807907 which accidentally omits Rowde in Wiltshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
WIL 26,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 . He ranks Karli nineteenth in wealth among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 untitled laymen; the addition of 
Rowde would raise him a place and, if correctly identified, the family estate would rank it in the top dozen.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 KARLI}{\insrsid12807907  [* SON OF KARLI *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 
All Karlis in Yorkshire are probably one man, a member of the powerful family of Karli son of Thorbrand which conducted a long-running feud with the earls of Northumbria but made common cause with them to lead the northern rebellion 
of 1068 against Norman rule: Williams, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15300978 English and the Norman Conquest}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 29-31, 40, 59. Orderic Vitalis names 'four sons of Karli' among the rebel leaders: Cnut (}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13251585 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ) and Sumarlithi (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13251585 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ) are named in the tract }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13594840 De obsessione Dunelmi}{\insrsid12807907 , Thorbrand (}
{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13251585 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ) is readily identifiable, and Gamal (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15300978 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
) is probably a fourth son. For reasons considered below, the Domesday Karli is unlikely to be Karli son of Thorbrand himself but may be a close relative, perhaps a fifth son of whom Orderic was unaware or a grandson, as some historians have suggested.

\par \tab This Karli is probably the Karli at Hunmanby, the largest and most valuable of his manors, acquired by Gilbert of Ghent}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 20E1-4}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. As Gilbert was appointed castellan of the second castle in York after the suppression of the rev
olt and Hunmanby is his only manor in Yorkshire, it may have been his prize at the expense of one of the main rebels. Karli of Hunmanby very likely also held the other large and/or valuable manors in the county, principally Nafferton, held by William of P
ercy in 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 13E16}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Rounton, Flixton and Burton Fleming}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 1N41. 1E17;23}}}{\insrsid12807907 , retained by the king. All but Rounton lay in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13251585 Torbar}{
\insrsid12807907  or Hunthow wapentakes where it is not unlikely that the remaining manors of Karli were held by the same man. In Hunthow, Cnut and Gamal also held sev
eral manors, Karli himself holding Bridlington, Auburn, Staxton, Fordun, Sewerby, Marton and Fraisethorpe}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 1E12-13;18. 5E45-46. 29E10}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Most of these manors are substantial but waste in 1086, as are those in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13251585 Torbar}{\insrsid12807907 , retained by the king if waste}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 1E22-23;26;41-42}}}{\insrsid12807907  or held by William of Percy if not}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 13E15}}}{\insrsid12807907 . 
Percy also obtained more of Karli's manors, in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13251585 Dic}{\insrsid12807907  and 'Yarlestre' wapentakes}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 13N9-11;19}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 where he also acquired manors from other members of Karli's family. Like Gilbert of Ghent, Percy was charged with the defence and pacification of the north after the suppression
 of the rebellion and profited at the expense of the same family. The one other large manor in the East Riding, Wharram Percy, waste and retained by the king}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 1E54}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is also likely to have been held by the same Karli; it is three or four miles from those retained by the king at Towthorpe and Burdale}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 1E41-42}}}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13251585 Four more manors were held by a Karli in Yorkshire}{\insrsid12807907 , among which }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13251585 Redmere}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13251585  in Holderness}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 14E18}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid13251585 , }{\insrsid12807907 was probably held by Karl of Hunmanby, Holderness being at one stage at least a family lordship, his grandfather Thorbrand being 'Hold' of the area; the manor was acquired by }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid13251585 Drogo of la Beuvri\'e8re}{\insrsid12807907  who also obtained other manors from Karli's family, including their ancestral home at Rise. Less certainly, Stub House in 'Skyrack' wapentake}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 1W15}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and Rathmell in Craven}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 30W9}}}{\insrsid12807907 , though isolated f
rom Karli's other manors, may have been his too. Rathmell is just a few miles from some of the manors of Gamal son of Karli, four of them acquired by Roger of Poitou who held Rathmell in 1086. Stub House is surrounded by manors held by the family, though 
none of them are nearby. Bolton in the East Riding is in a similar situation}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 29E5}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, with the difference that Karli retained Bolton for two decades, one of only two Karlis to survive the Conquest. Most, but not all, of his family was massacred at Settrington in 1
073 in the final act of its blood feud with the earls of Northumbria. If Karli at Bolton is, indeed, a surviving member of the family, then his circumstances were extremely reduced, his manor being worth just four shillings.
\par \tab As the family is prominent in 
the history of the north in the eleventh-century and took a leading role in the revolt against Norman rule, its members were presumably major landowners, so the scale of landholding suggested by these identifications is not implausible. If the bulk of the
m are correct, then the manorial income of Karli and his family was in excess of \'a3100 in 1066, though in Yorkshire the assessment of their lands - more than 600 hides - is probably a better guide to their status. If included in Clarke, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13251585 English nobilit}{\insrsid12807907 y, their manorial income would rank them among the three dozen wealthiest untitled laymen; in assessed land, they were exceeded among laymen only by the royal family and some earls.}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid13319503 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 KARSKI [* FATHER OF ALSI *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Karski is a rare name which occurs twice each in Derbyshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 1,33. 6,4}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Nottinghamshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NTT 9,35;53}}}{\insrsid12807907 , all four probably being Karski father of Alsi (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2839696 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ) who had '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2839696 full jurisdiction and market rights}{\insrsid12807907 
' over Workshop}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT S5}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Alsi can be identified as a predecessor of Roger of Bully in Nottinghamshire and of Henry of Ferrers in Derbyshire, the tenants-in-chief who acquired three of Karski's four manors. His Derbyshire manor lay in the same Hund
red as that of his son, and those in Nottinghamshire in the Hundred where Worksop lay. The second Derbyshire manor, at Eyam, was retained by the king.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907 
KENTWIN <OF COMPTON>. The three Kentwins in Domesday, predecessors of the Count of Meulan at Woodcote, Compton Verney and Frankton in Warwickshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 16,3;11;29}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are almost certainly one man.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 KENWARD }{\insrsid12807907 [* THE SHERIFF *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Kenward is a rare name, all seven occurrences probably referring to one man whose}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6106822  }{
\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5048959  cluster near the borders of Gloucestershire, Warwickshire, and Worcestershire. Three }{\insrsid12807907 of his manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5048959 devolved upon Gilbert son of }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid9651347 Turold}{\insrsid12807907 , one in each of the three counties}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 52,1. WAR 33,1. WOR 20,4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5048959 ; three others}{\insrsid12807907  on}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6106822 
 the }{\insrsid12807907 bishop of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6106822  Worcester}{\insrsid12807907 , who}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6106822  subinfeudated }{\insrsid12807907 all}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6106822  }{\insrsid12807907 three to Robert the bursar
}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
WOR 2,13;19;73}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6106822 . Gilbert's }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6106822  lay either side of Robert's, while }{\insrsid12807907 Duntisbourne Abbots, acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5048959 
Roger of Lacy}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 39,7}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5048959 , }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5048959  adjacent to Gilbert's }{\insrsid12807907 manor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5048959  at Oakley. }{\insrsid12807907 Kenward is}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid5048959  described as a royal thane in the Duntisbourne entry.}{\insrsid12807907  He is probably }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1837634 Kynewardus }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5048959 de Lauro}{\insrsid12807907 
, witness to a document of Robert of Stafford in 1072, and the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1837634 Kinewardus}{\insrsid12807907 , past sheriff of Worcestershire, named in Hemming's cartulary: }{\i\insrsid12807907 Staffordshire chartulary}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , pp. }{\insrsid12807907 178, 180; }{\i\insrsid12807907 Hemingi cartularium}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 82; Bates, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5243237 Regesta}{\insrsid12807907 , no. 349, pp. 997-99. }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5048959 Lauro}{\insrsid12807907  is probably Laugherne (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5048959 Laure}{\insrsid12807907 ), one of his manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WOR 2,13}}}{\insrsid12807907 : 
Round, 'Domesday survey of Worcestershire', pp. 267-68. Kenward (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15877503 Kinewardus}{\insrsid12807907 
), addressed in a writ to the magnates of Berkshire in the 1040s, is conceivably the same man, though 'otherwise unknown': Harmer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5535424 Writs}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 131, 558; Green, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5535424 
English sheriffs}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 22, 87. Dr Williams, who names him Cyneweard of Laugherne, suggests that in addition to these manors he may also have held a second manor in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Duntisbourne}{\insrsid12807907 
 where no pre-Conquest is named}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3162644 10,13}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; it had been given to St Peter's of Gloucester by the mother of Roger 
of Lacy. She suggests he was 'almost certainly' related to the family of Wulfstan II, bishop of Worcester and archbishop of York (d. 1023): Williams, 'Gloucestershire', pp. 24-26. Kenward's kinsmen - Alric, Azur and Godric - held a number of other manors 
in the county: Williams, 'Introduction to the Worcestershire Domesday', pp. 24-26.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 KETIL [* ALDER *]. The name Ketil is }{\insrsid12807907 
fairly }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 common in East Anglia, especially in Norfolk; }{\insrsid12807907 but family wills identity many of the Domesday manors held by Ketil Alder - most of them acquired by Ranulf Peverel -}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 at }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Frating in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 34,34}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ; Harling, Stratton, Hainford, Walsingham, Carleton, Melton and Kettingham in Norfolk}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NFK 19,15. 26,2. 32,2-5}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , and Onehouse and Rushford in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 34,6. 37,6. 56,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 : Whitelock, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Anglo-Saxon wills}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 84-91, 197-204. }{\insrsid12807907 Ketil's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 own }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 will identifies Archbishop Stigand as }{\insrsid12807907 his}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  principal lord, }{\insrsid12807907 bequeathed}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  his heriot of 'a helmet and a coat of mail and a horse wi
th harness and a sword and a spear'. On the Peverel manor at Walsingham, Ketil is described as a thane of Archbishop Stigand, and at Onehouse as a royal thane. }{\insrsid12807907 
As Stigand's thane, Dr Williams suggests he is almost certainly the anonymous thane of Stigand at Ashwellthorpe}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 5,6}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, where land in the vill was bequeathed to him by his uncle Edwin, and probably also the archbishop's man at Thurton and Stoke Holy Cross}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 48,3. 49,8}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, and the predecessor of the abbey of St Benedict of Holme (to which the family made donations) at Billockby}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 10,90}}}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15021240 World before Domesday}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 5, 150 note 32. Stoke devolved upon a Tovi, whose holdings in Hackford and Holkham had been held by a Ketil}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 48,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
; and since Tovi had only three named predecessors, it is likely the three Ketils on his fief are one man; Holkham is a fairly substantial manor.
\par \tab Dr Clarke assigns to Ketil Alder manors acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15285718 Reginald son of Ivo}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15285718 NFK 21,2;24-}{\insrsid12807907 25;27-28;32;36}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. None of these are mentioned in the three wills, nor is Ketil described as a man or thane of Archbishop Stigand on any of them; but these are not ne
cessarily fatal objections since Ketil is only once described as Stigand's thane on the Peverel manors and many of the holdings named in the wills were in different hands in Domesday Book. The total estate of Reginald's predecessor is comparable to that a
ssigned above to Alder, whose holdings at Stratton and Mayton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 
{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 26,2}}}{\insrsid12807907  lie between those of Reginald's predecessor at Great Witchingham, Scottow and Sloley}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 21,28;32;36}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. The combined estates include all but two of the Norfolk manors held by a Ketil worth more than \'a31, both of those conceivably held by the same man (or men): Great Snoring is two miles from Walsingham, Wells-next-the-Sea four, less from Stiffkey}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NFK 1,92-93. 21,24-25. 60,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 . It may be significant that Wells was held in 1086 by an Aldgyth, one of three landowners of that name in East Anglia,
 the only one with a significant holding. Aldgyth is the name of one of Ketil Alder's sisters. Her mother, most of whose manors lay in Norfolk, bequeathed her a manor at Chadacre in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1260319 SUF 46,2}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , held by the Countess of Aumale in 1086; but the family bequests are complex (}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Fleming, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Kings and nobles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 141-43}{
\insrsid12807907 ) and may have been reshuffled in the intervening four decades more often than the documentation reveals. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 A list of Ketil's manors is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
English nobility, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 pp. 318-19, which does not include Snoring}{\insrsid12807907 , Wells, the holdings identified by Dr Williams, or those acquired by Tovi}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 Dr Clarke }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ranks him seventy-ninth in wealth among untitled laymen}{\insrsid12807907 ; the additional manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  would }{\insrsid12807907 
place him in the top fifty. Dr Williams estimates his assessed land at 25 hides; the holdings itemised above total twice that amount}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .
\par }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 KETIL }{\insrsid12807907 [* FATHER OF EDRIC *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 It is likely that all five Ke
tils in Gloucestershire are Ketil father of Edric. At 'Duntisbourne' and Windrush, Ketil - said to be the same man - retained his manors among the king's thanes for two decades}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid945757 78,2-3}}}{
\insrsid12807907 . As the name is uncommon in the area, it is probable that he is the Ketil who held a second manor in 'Duntisbourne' before the Conquest}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid945757 32,2}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , and likely that he is the unnamed father succeeded by Edric son of Ketil at Baunton and Alkerton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 78,5;16}}}{\insrsid12807907 . If these identifications are valid, Ketil lost his most valuable manor, acquired by }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid945757 William son of Baderon}{\insrsid12807907 
, and allowed his son to hold the two most substantial of the other four holdings. William had no other predecessors of this name, and there are no Ketils among the survivors outside Gloucestershire who appear likely to be Edric's father. Ketil is
 unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1727758 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (nos. 29891-92); see also Williams, 'Introduction to the Gloucestershire Domesday', p. 35.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid945757 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 KETIL <OF BUCKNALL>. }{\insrsid12807907 Ketil, whose waste manor at Bucknall in Staffordshire was retained by the king}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 1,34}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has no links with his namesakes, none of whom are nearby.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 KETIL <OF EDENSOR>. }{\insrsid12807907 
The name Ketil is uncommon in central England, occurring only six times in the ten counties of circuits three and four. In these circumstances, it is likely that the group of eight manors h
eld by Ketil in Derbyshire belonged to one man. Six were acquired by Henry of Ferrers and the seventh, at Mugginton, was held by Ketil as his tenant}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5396035 6,1;43;75-76;78;95;101
}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Although the eighth holding, 'Langley'}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 
{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 1,32}}}{\insrsid12807907 , was in the king's hands, it 'lay in' Edensor, one of the manors acquired by Ferrers}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 6,101}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, both 'Langley and Edensor being shared with a Leofnoth }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6702254 Sterre}{\insrsid12807907  (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5396035 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
). All eight manors are within four or five miles of at least one of the others. Ketil survived with less than a fifth of his pre-Conquest wealth. He is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14240922 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 32358).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 KETIL <OF HALSALL>. Ketil}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  whose land worth eight shillings at Halsall in South Lancashire was acquired by Roger of Poitou}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS R1,38}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 is unlikely to be the same man as Roger's predecessors in Yorkshire and Norfolk, given the scale of his holding and the distances involved.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 KETIL <OF SOMERFORD>. Ketil}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  who shared with two others a holding at Somerford in Cheshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 26,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 worth six shillings, acquired by Earl Hugh}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 is unlikely to be the same man as the earl's predecessors in 
Hampshire and Northamptonshire, given the scale of his holding and the distances involved}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 KETIL }{\insrsid12807907 [* THE STEERSMAN *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Ketil, assigned by the Conqueror 'land for one plough' in Stockbridge Hundred in Sussex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 11,42}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is identified in later documents as Ketil the steersman (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4797275 esterman}{\insrsid12807907 ), with a carucate of land 'lying without the gate' of Chichester and houses in the city: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4797275 
Regesta}{\insrsid12807907 
, i. nos. 352, 460. His name is uncommon south of the Thames, so in view of his office it is not unlikely that he is the Ketil who held a number of substantial manors before the Conquest - most of them in freehold from the king - to the west of Chichester
, around Southampton Water and its approaches. If so, he had exempt land in Southampton itself (alongside the notorious steersman, Stephen son of Erhard), the handsome manor of Dibden and perhaps }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10108002 Utefel}{
\insrsid12807907  by the side of Southampton Water}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM S2. NF9,2;42}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Fratton on Portsea Island}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 34,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, Bicton and Avon on the river above Christchurch harbour}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 21,4. 22,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Warnford in the Meon Valley leading to the Solent}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 6,6}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and manors on the Isle of Wight
}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
HAM IoW1,10. 6,1;3;14}}}{\insrsid12807907 . There are no other Ketils in Sussex or Hampshire, and none of the five tenants-in-chief who acquired h
is manors had other Ketils among their tenants or predecessors in southern England; the Ketils west of Hampshire appear to be unrelated. Ketil is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1727758 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 16215).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 KETILBERT}{\insrsid12807907 . The name Ketilbert is rare outside Yorkshire, occurring six or seven times, distributed among four Midland counties and the lands of as many tenants-in-chief; it is sometimes tre
ated as interchangeable with Ketilbiorn, as with Colbern/Colbert, Fridebern/Fridebert, Osbern/Osbert, Thorbert/Thorbiorn. The scribe himself appears uncertain as to whether there is a difference in the names, often dropping the final character, which occu
rs several times in the counties of circuit six: von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2313148 Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 302-304; Dodgson,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4609808  '}{\insrsid12807907 Some Domesday personal-names}
{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4609808 ', }{\insrsid12807907 p. 43.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 KETILBERT <OF CROWLE>. }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 As the name}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 s}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 are}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  rare, it is }{
\cf1\insrsid12807907 not un}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 likely that the Ketilbert who held land at Powick }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 in Worcestershire}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and the Ketil}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 biorn}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  in the adjacent vill of Pixham, both paired with an Alwy, are }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 one man and the same man as the }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Ketilbert at Crowle, eight }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 miles}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  away}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 WOR 8,10a;10c. 19,}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 14}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 , the one other Ketilbert or Ketilbiorn}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 in circuit five}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 KETILBERT <OF FOLKSWORTH>. }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 As the name}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 s}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 are}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 rare outside Yorkshire, it is probable that }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 the }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Ketilbert}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  or Ketilbiorn (}{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid2313148 Chetelber}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid2313148 )}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  who held Folksworth in Huntingdonshire in 1066}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 HUN 12,1}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is the Ketilbert in the adjacent vill of 'Washingley'}{
\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 
\tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 HUN 29,1}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , which he had held since 1066. He may therefore be the Ketilbert at Carlton in Bedfordshire}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 BDF 57,6}}}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and Braybrooke in Northamptonshire}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 NTH 56,31}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, both of whom retained their manors for two decades. The manor of Folksworth is fairly substantial, so Ketilbert }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 might}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  be the Ketilbert at Crowle}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  in Worcestershire}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , another respectable holding; but there are no links to confirm this and the Worcestershire holdings are all pre-Conquest. }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
A more likely link is with either (or both) of the surviving Ketilbiorns, of Holwell or Nettleton; but there are no more specific links. }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 All three tenants are unidentified in }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Coel}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (nos. 552, 27479, 32738).
\par }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 KETILBIORN. }{\insrsid12807907 Outside Lin
colnshire and Yorkshire, the name Ketilbiorn is rare, occurring in four counties on the lands of five tenants-in-chief; it is sometimes treated as interchangeable with Ketilbert, as with Colbern/Colbert, Fridebern/Fridebert, Osbern/Osbert, Thorbert/Thorbi
orn. The scribe himself appears uncertain as to whether there is a difference in the names, often dropping the final character, which occurs several times in the counties of circuit six: von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2313148 
Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 302-304; Dodgson,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4609808  '}{\insrsid12807907 Some Domesday personal-names}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4609808 ', }{\insrsid12807907 p. 43.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 KETILBIORN <OF BACONSTHORPE>. Ketilbiorn}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  whose tiny holding at Baconsthorpe in Norfolk was acquired by Count Alan of Brittany}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 4,46}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  has no links with his namesakes.}{\insrsid12807907  Count Alan had no other predecessors or tenants of this name, and there were no more }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Ketilbiorn}{\insrsid12807907 s in East Anglia.}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 KETILBIORN <OF CUBBINGTON>. As the name}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  rare, it is }{\insrsid12807907 possible}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  that the Ketilbiorns}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 16,53}}}{\insrsid12807907  or Ketilberts}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 WAR 12,5}{\insrsid12807907 . 17,56}}}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
in Warwickshire are }{\insrsid12807907 one}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  man, though }{\insrsid12807907 the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  manors devolved upon three tenants-in-chief. Cubbington is three }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  from Radford }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4471823 Semele}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 16,53. 17,56}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , and both about ten from }{\insrsid12807907 Church }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Lawford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 12,5}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Ketilbiorn has been identified as a brother of Thorkil of Warwick}{\insrsid12807907 , whose family}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  had an interest in Ketilbiorn's manors}{
\insrsid12807907  of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Cubbington }{\insrsid12807907 and Radford}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 : Williams, 'A vice-comital family', pp. 280, 283-84, 286-8}{\insrsid12807907 8}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 KETILBIORN <OF HOLWELL>. }{\insrsid12807907 Ketilbiorn, who held land worth six shillings at Holwell in Leicestershire from the bishop of Lincoln}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 3,16}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has no links with other Ketilbiorns or Ketilberts, though as a survivor with a rare name he may be the same man as Ketilbiorn of Nettleton or Ketilbert of Folksworth, the other survivors. The bishop had no other predecessors or tenants named }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Ketilbiorn }{\insrsid12807907 or Ketilbert, and there were no more in the county. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Ketilbiorn is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 (no. 26201)}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \cbpat8 {\cf1\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 KETILBIORN <OF NETTLETON>. All Ketilbiorns }{\insrsid12807907 and Ketilberts }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
in Lincolnshire}{\insrsid12807907 , Nottinghamshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and Yorkshire may be }{\insrsid12807907 one man, the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 king's thane in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 68,5-15. CS17;20;34;37}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, ancestor of the Keal family: }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Thomas, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 English and the Normans}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 403. }{\insrsid12807907 
Although the predominant name-form in Lincolnshire is Ketilbiorn, a}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 s only Ketilbiorn }{\insrsid12807907 held}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  land in the county in 1086, he is presumably the Ketilb}{\insrsid12807907 
ert (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11301142 Chetelbertus}{\insrsid12807907 )}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  who }{\insrsid12807907 had 'not paid tax on all his land'}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN C20}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{
\insrsid12807907 He held Grasby in 1066}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 68,15}}}{\insrsid12807907 , s
o unless this is a scribal error he not only survived for two decades but prospered in the process perhaps, as Dr Thomas suggests, because his expertise in falconry was a valued asset to the new political elite. As his name is uncommon and he was a landow
ner before the Conquest, it is not unlikely that he is the Ketilbiorn who preceded the bishop of Bayeux at Elsham and Nettleton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 4,16;23-25}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and Osbern the priest at Binbrook}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 53,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; Nettleton is four miles from Grasby and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Binbrook }{\insrsid12807907 five}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  from }{\insrsid12807907 
one of the dependencies of Nettleton}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .
\par \tab }{\insrsid12807907 In Yorkshire, where the predominant name-form is Ketilbert or is indeterminate (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11301142 Chetelber}{\insrsid12807907 
, etc), those at Wombwell, Wildthorpe and Darfield in Strafforth wapentake were pre-Conquest lords}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 10,19;21. 29,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 , the tenant at Worsborough a survivor}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 9,77}}}{\insrsid12807907 . They may be the same 
man, however, since the manors are a few miles apart, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10764719 in adjacent wapentakes. If they are, then it is not improbable he is the Lincolnshire thane. Some slight support for this conclusion is that }{\insrsid12807907 
the survivors at }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10764719 Nettleton }{\insrsid12807907 and Worsborough shared their manor
s with a Gamal, though the name is common. Finally, the one Ketilbiorn in Nottinghamshire is a survivor who like the Lincolnshire thane retained his manor - at Gamston -}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 16,2}}}{\insrsid12807907  for two decades}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 I}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 t is not entirely impossible that one or other (or both) of the sur
vivors, Ketilbert of Folksworth and Ketilbiorn of Holwell, are the same man: a surprisingly high proportion of Ketilbiorns and Ketilberts held land in 1086. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Ketilbiorn's }{\insrsid12807907 Lincolnshire tenancies}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 3840) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 173}{
\insrsid12807907 ;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 the tenants at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 Gamston and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Worsborough are unidentified (nos. 35510, 37438).}{\insrsid12807907 

\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 KOLBRAND. }{\insrsid12807907 Kolbrand is a rare name which occurs}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 six}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  times}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  
}{\insrsid12807907 distributed among the lands of as many tenants-in-chief and across four counties between Devon to Yorkshire, all borne by pre-Conquest landowners.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 KOLBRAND <OF CREECH>. }{\insrsid12807907 Kolbrand, whose fairly modest manor at Creech in Dorset in 1066 was acquired by Roger of Beaumont}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 28,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has no links with his namesakes, the nearest of whom was some seventy miles away.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 KOLBRAND <OF }{\insrsid12807907 CULM}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, the Kolbrands on respectable manors at Hockworthy and Cu
lm in Devon - about eight miles apart - are likely to be the same man, though the manors were acquired by different tenants-in-chief}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 16,77. 36,18}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. It is possible that he is the same man as the Dorset Kolbrand, some seventy miles away, but there are no links between them other than broadly comparable manors.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 KOLBRAND <OF MALTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, the two Yorkshire Kolbrands, at Malton and Leavening}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid684667 1N66}{\insrsid12807907 
. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid684667 29E30}}}{\insrsid12807907  - six miles apart - are likely to be one man; he is unlikely to be the same man as any of his southern namesakes, the nearest of them roughly 150 miles away.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 KOLBRAND <OF WALSGRAVE>. }{\insrsid12807907 Kolbrand, whose modest holding at Walsgrave in Warwickshire was acquired by Richard the forester}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 44,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has no links with his namesakes, all of them 150 miles or more away.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 KOLGRIM}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16724094 .}{\insrsid12807907  Outside Lincolnshire, the name Kolgrim is uncommon, occurring eleven times, distributed among sev
en counties and the lands of as many tenants-in-chief, one borne by the only survivor outside Lincolnshire.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 KOLGRIM <OF ARLESTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is uncommon, the Kolgrims whose adjacent holdings in Arleston and Barrow in Derbyshire were acquired by Henry of Ferrers}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 6,82;85}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are very probably one man. He has no links with his namesakes outside the county.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 KOLGRIM }{\insrsid12807907 [* OF GRANTHAM *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 All Kolgrims in Lincolnshire are probably one man, named Kolgrim of Grantham in the Ramsey cartulary, no dou
bt from his connection to the town, in which he had }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4204244 full jurisdiction}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 1,9}}}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8214004 Cartulary of Ramsey abbey}{\insrsid12807907 , i. 131; Williams, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4204244 English and the Norman Conquest}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 108. He is one of only two Kolgrims still holding land twenty years after the Conquest - the other in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4008303 SOM 7,11}}}{
\insrsid12807907  - and the only one to prosper.
\par \tab Kolgrim held Ewerby, Ingoldsby, Belton, 'Houghton' and Gonerby with their dependencies in his own right, many of which he had held for since before the Conquest}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15993165 
67,1-4;7;13-17;20-21;24-27}}}{\insrsid12807907 . He also held Fulbeck, Leadenham, Westby, Billingborough, Stoke Rochford and North Hykeham from Count Alan of Brittany}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15993165 12,48;52;55;91-92}}}{
\insrsid12807907 ; a second manor in Stoke and 'North Stoke' and Witham on the Hill from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15993165 Drogo of la Beuvri\'e8re}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15993165 30,25-26;32}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , and Skinnand from Robert of Stafford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 59,18}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Almost all these manors were later held by his heirs as part of the Wensley fee of the Honour of Richmond: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15993165 
Early Yorkshire charters}{\insrsid12807907 , v. 255-58. Additionally, the tenant of Peterborough abbey at 'Houghton'}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 8,12}}}{\insrsid12807907  must be Kolgrim of Grantham, who had the abbey as his tenant in the same vill}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 67,21}}}{\insrsid12807907 
; and he is probably the thane Kolgrim at Westby}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 68,19}}}{\insrsid12807907 , a vill in which he held in chief. Of the remaining manors, Austhorpe}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15993165 LIN 45,4}}}{
\insrsid12807907  is an outlier of his manor of Ewerby, both held for two decades; Silk Willoughby}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 48,13}}}{\insrsid12807907  is four miles from Ewerby; and Kelby}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 3,35}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, where Bishop Remigius, Kolgrim 'and their companions' had meadow and underwood in the manor, five miles from Willoughby. Finally, he is probably the tenant of Crowland abbey at Sutterton Dowdyke}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 11,5-8}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 since there a history between his heirs and the abbey, which subsequently established its rights to the advowsons of many of the churches on the Wensley fee, perhaps a }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15993165 quid pro quo}{\insrsid12807907 
 for the tenancy at Dowdyke: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15993165 Early Yorkshire charters}{\insrsid12807907 , v. 257. Two claims refer to Kolgrim's manor of Belton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN CK60-61}}}{\insrsid12807907 . His manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 2935)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  174.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15993165 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 KOLLUNG. }{\insrsid12807907 Kollung (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16470759 Collinc}{\insrsid12807907 ) is a rare name which occurs twice, once each in Shropshire and Der
byshire; it is possibly the same name as the equally rare Culling (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16470759 Culling}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16470759 Cullingus}{\insrsid12807907 
), a burgess in Colchester and Ipswich; but it is improbable the burgess is either of the rural Kollungs.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 KOLLUNG <OF HATTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 Kollung, whose modest shared manor in Hatton in Derbyshire was acquired by Henry of Ferrers}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 6,49}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has no links with his one namesake, at Steel in Shropshire, or with the urban Culling.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 KOLLUNG <OF STEEL>. }{\insrsid12807907 Kollung, whose modest shared manor in Steel in Shropshire was acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9847949 Roger of Courseulles}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2759197 SHR 4,7,5}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , has no links with his one namesake, at Hatton in Derbyshire, or with the urban Culling.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2759197 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \cbpat8 {\cf1\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 KOLSVEINN}{\insrsid12807907 . }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Kolsveinn is }{\insrsid12807907 a }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 common }{\insrsid12807907 name }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 in Lincolnshire but }{\insrsid12807907 rare}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  elsewhere, occurring }{\insrsid12807907 
once in Kent, Wiltshire and Devon, and four times in Cambridgeshire. The Kolsveinns in Kent, Wiltshire and on three manors in Cambridgeshire are pre-Conquest landowners.
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 KOLSVEINN [* OF LINCOLN *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Although his manors were held from}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  eight tenants-in-chief}{\insrsid12807907 , it is likely that all Kol
sveinns in Lincolnshire are the English tenant-in-chief}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 in the county}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ,}{\insrsid12807907 
 one of three Kolsveinns - the others in Cambridgeshire and Somerset - holding land in 1086. K}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 nown from }{\insrsid12807907 later}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  records as Kolsveinn of Lincoln}{\insrsid12807907 
, he was singled out by Sir Frank Stenton as one of only two Englishmen holding tenancies-in-chief 'of the first order' at the time of the Domesday Survey ('English families', p. 1). Although an Englishman, he apparently held no land before the Conquest. 
}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Many }{\insrsid12807907 of his tenancies are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in vills }{\insrsid12807907 where he}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  held in chief}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LIN 3,1;3}{
\insrsid12807907 ;36. 8,13. 24,2. 40,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  these and others}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 4,2. 28,3. 40,3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  apparently in the hands of his heir}{\insrsid12807907 s}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\insrsid12807907 the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  de la Haye}{\insrsid12807907  family}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , in }{\insrsid12807907 either }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 the }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid10317099 Lindsey Survey}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  or }{\insrsid12807907 in the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8200272 Cartae}{\insrsid12807907  of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  1166: Holt, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6449133 'Carta}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  of Richard de la Haye', pp.}{\insrsid12807907  291-93; }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Williams, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4204244 English and the Norman Conquest}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , p. 107}{\insrsid12807907 . Only the tenants}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  of Earl Hugh }{\insrsid12807907 at Bullington}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 13,26}}}{\insrsid12807907  }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 and }{\insrsid12807907 of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Drogo of Beuvri\'e8re }{\insrsid12807907 at Claxby}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 30,36}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 appear to have no such associations; but the former is within five miles of a cluster of Kolsveinn's manors}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and the descent of the latter fief was disrupted almost as soon as t}{\insrsid12807907 
he Domesday Survey was complete}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 Kolsveinn was involved in numerous Claims, in many of which he is identified as holding the manors concerned}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN CW2;8. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid997032 CK31}{
\insrsid12807907 ;54;64}}}{\insrsid12807907 , though there is little reason to doubt that he is the Kolsveinn involved in the remainder}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN CS7. CN26. CK34}}}{\insrsid12807907 . His manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 2934)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  175.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \cbpat8 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LAMBERT}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 . Lambert is an uncommon name which occurs tw
enty-one times, distributed among eleven counties and the lands of a dozen tenants-in-chief, all post-Conquest tenants. There are no significant clusters, but the Lamberts of Cambridgeshire, Essex and Norfolk held substantial manors.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LAMBERT}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  <OF GONERBY>. Three of the four Lamberts in northern England are associated with Jocelyn son of Lambert (}{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid11946843 q.v.}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
) so are probably a relative, conceivably his father, though it is curious in that case that his endowment is modest and his son's substantial. A Lincolnshire claim refers to Jocelyn and his father}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid11946843 LIN CS3}}
}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 , though in terms which do not make it clear whether the father is still alive. Lambert was a tenant of Jocelyn at Enderby in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 LIN 28,38}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
, and is probably the tenant of the bishop of Durham at Gonerby}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 LIN 3,31}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
, Jocelyn himself being a tenant of the bishop. Similarly, he is probably the one Lambert in Yorkshire, a tenant of }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid11946843 Drogo of la Beuvri\'e8re}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  at Sutton on Hull}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
YKS 14E46}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 , Jocelyn probably holding a tenancy from Drogo in Lincolnshire. It is unlikely that Lambert is the same man as his namesake in Cheshire, the one other northern Lambert, who has no apparent associations. Lambert's}{
\insrsid12807907  Lincolnshire manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11946843 9259}{
\insrsid12807907 )}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 286, where Odo of Bayeux in the commentary should be the bishop of Durham; the Yorkshire Lambert is unidentified (no. 37902), as is the Cheshire tenant (no. 28472).}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid11946843 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LAMBERT [* OF ROSAY *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Lamberts who held West Wratting and West Wickham in Cambridgeshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
CAM 18,5-6}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Waterden and Rudham in Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 8,102;109}}}{\insrsid12807907  from William of Warenne are probably Lambert of Rosay, who granted tithes or land in his Norfolk }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12863389 manors to the Warenne foundation of Castle Acre priory: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12863389 Monasticon}{\insrsid12807907 , v. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12863389 49, no 1}{\insrsid12807907 
. The Cambridgeshire manors descended to his heirs: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12863389 VCH Cambridgeshire}{\insrsid12807907 , vi. 117, 192. He was from }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164 Rosay }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 in Upper Normandy }{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164 (}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 Seine-Maritime:}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164  arrondissement Dieppe)}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 :}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164  Loyd, }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid1391730 
Some Anglo-Norman families}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164 , p}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 p}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164 . 86}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 -87. His}{\insrsid12807907  manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 
recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 976)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  287.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12863389 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8550779 LANDRIC. }{\insrsid12807907 Landric}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8550779  is an uncommon }{\insrsid12807907 name which occurs sixteen times, distributed among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8550779  }{\insrsid12807907 
four counties and the lands of the king and three of his }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8550779 tenants-in-chief}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 , all post-Conquest tenants}{\insrsid12807907 . The name is rare in the sense that it may have been borne by only three men.

\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11872877 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LANDRIC <OF }{\insrsid12807907 "BRIME"}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 
As the name is rare, it is probable that the Landrics who held Maidenhead }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 in Berkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 34,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and a cluster of three manors in Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 NTH 43,6;8;11}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  from Giles of Picquigny }{\insrsid12807907 
are the same man, who is possibly also the tenant of Guy of Raimbeaucourt at Aldwincle}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 41,6}}}{\insrsid12807907 , the one other Landric in the Midlands. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{
\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 1576)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  288.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LANDRIC [* OF HORNBY *]. }{\insrsid12807907 
The Landrics who held land in Danby Wiske, Cowton, Ainderby Mires and Hutton Hang in Yorkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 6N36-37;53;131}}}{\insrsid12807907  and in Killingholme, Welton and Holbeach in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 12,7;37;84}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 from Count Alan of Brittany, are identified by the 
descent of these manors as Landric of Hornby (in Ainderby parish), alias Landric of Holbeach, named in charters of the Honour of Richmond and the Red Book of Thorney. Landric's descendant, probably his great-grandson, was Conan son of Ellis, also known as
 Conan of Hornby, who held a fee of five knights from the Honour of Richmond in the same vills (apart from Danby) in the late twelfth century : }{\i\insrsid12807907 Early Yorkshire charters}{\insrsid12807907 , v. 39, 272-73, 284-85. Landric's manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 2462)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  288.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LANDRIC }{\insrsid12807907 [* THE CARPENTER *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, it is likely that the Landrics who 
held land at Bishopthorpe and Acaster Selby, three or four miles to the south of York}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 29W27-28}}}{\insrsid12807907 , are Landric the carpenter, who had 10 1/2 messuages in the city 'which the sheriff gave into his charge'
}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
YKS C20}}}{\insrsid12807907 . The Yorkshire Claims}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11035857 YKS CW30}}}{\insrsid12807907  reveal that he also held land (with a dubious title) at Pallathorpe and }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11035857 Mulehale}{
\insrsid12807907 , also in Ainsty wapentake}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS CW30}}}{\insrsid12807907 , held by Nigel Fossard and three thanes respectively according to the main text}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 5W35. 29W11}}}{\insrsid12807907 . His manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 2450)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  288.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LANGFER}{\insrsid12807907 "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8158454 Langfer}{\insrsid12807907 
 is a rare name whose origin is obscure. It occurs four times in Domesday Book, once each in Huntingdonshire and Northamptonshire and twice in Suffolk, all borne by pre-Conquest landowners: }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15150746 von Feilitzen, }{
\i\insrsid12807907 Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1604828 , p. 308}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par "LANGFER"}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1604828  <OF HARGRAVE>.}{\insrsid12807907  As the name is rare, it is possible that the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8158454 Langfer}{\insrsid12807907 
 with a small manor at Hargrave in Huntingdonshire acquired by Eustace the sheriff}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HUN 19,13}}}{\insrsid12807907  is the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8158454 Langfer}{\insrsid12807907 
 at Horn in Northamptonshire; but there are no links to confirm this.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LANGFER}{\insrsid12807907 "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  <OF HORN>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, it is possible that the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8158454 Langfer}{\insrsid12807907 
 with a respectable holding at Horn in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2454779 Northamptonshire}{\insrsid12807907  acquired by the bishop of Durham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 3,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  is the }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8158454 Langfer}{\insrsid12807907  at Hargrave; but there are no links to confirm this.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LANGFER}{\insrsid12807907 "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  <OF }{\insrsid12807907 WESTERFIELD}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, the free man }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8158454 Langfer}{\insrsid12807907  with fourteen acres at Westerfield in Suffolk acquired by Geoffrey de Mandeville}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8158454 SUF 32,2}}}{
\insrsid12807907  may be the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8158454 Langfer}{\insrsid12807907  on a tiny holding at Wadgate}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8158454 SUF 7,109}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , despite the twenty or so miles separating them.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LAURENCE <OF DENCHWORTH>. Laurence is a rare }{\insrsid12807907 name which occurs}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  three times, }{\insrsid12807907 so the tenants of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Robert of Staffo
rd at Denchworth in Berkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 42,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and Wilbrighton in Staffordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 11,54}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 are almost certainly one man}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
, despite the distance separating }{\insrsid12807907 the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Hervey of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Wilbrighton }{\insrsid12807907 
held land in the two vills from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 the Honour of Stafford }{\insrsid12807907 in the thirteenth century: }{\i\insrsid12807907 Book of Fees,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . 846, 967. The Stafford properties are roughly equidistant from the third}{\insrsid12807907  Laurence, at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Bosworth in Leicestershire, }{\insrsid12807907 a tenant of}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3085035 Robert of Vessey}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 16,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 , possibly therefore the same man}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . The descent of Bosworth is unrevealing, 
}{\insrsid12807907 being}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  absorbed into another }{\insrsid12807907 manor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in the vill by the time of the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15864729 Leicestershire Survey}{\insrsid12807907  (}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 pp. 23, 33). }{\insrsid12807907 Laurence's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 
(no. 1662)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  289}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .
\par 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par LEODMER.}{\insrsid12807907  The name Leodmer occurs roughly two dozen times, distributed among nine counties between Devon and Derbyshire and the lands of eleven tenants-in-chief, with small clusters in Essex and Hertfordshire,
 two manors being held by survivors. The name is sometimes confused with Leofmer, and }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2186207 Lemar}{\insrsid12807907  may be one or the other or possibly a different name, as also the one }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2186207 
Leomer}{\insrsid12807907 . These forms add four counties and ten tenants-in-chief to the distribution.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LEODMER <OF AFFLINGTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 Leodmer (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2186207 Leodmar}{\insrsid12807907 ), who held a}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 small}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  holding at Afflington in Dorset }{\insrsid12807907 acquired by Roger of Beaumont}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 28,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 has no links with his namesakes, or with Leofmers or }
{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2186207 Lemar}{\insrsid12807907 s, none within a hundred miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LEODMER <OF ASH>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is uncommon, t}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 he Leodmer}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 (}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2186207 Leimar}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2186207 Ledmar}{\insrsid12807907 ) }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 from whom Ralph of Pomeroy acquired land in the adjacent vills of Ash and Putford in Devon}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
DEV 34,5;7}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 probably one man; he}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 has no links with other Leodmers, or with Leofmers or }
{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2186207 Lemar}{\insrsid12807907 s, all distant}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LEODMER <OF BARTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 T}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 he Leodmer}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2186207 Ledmer}{
\insrsid12807907 ) whose modest holdings}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in the neighbouring vills of Barton, Burnaston and Bearwardcote in Derbyshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 6,34;94}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{
\insrsid12807907 were acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Henry of Ferrers }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 very probably one man. He}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 
has no links with his namesakes elsewhere, or with Leofmers or }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2186207 Lemar}{\insrsid12807907 s, all distant}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LEODMER <OF BYGRAVE>. }{\insrsid12807907 It is likely that the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11882972 Lemar}{\insrsid12807907 
s and Leodmers on four manors in Odsey Hundred in Hertfordshire are one man, despite the different name forms and the acquisition of the manors by two tenants-in-chief,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the }{\insrsid12807907 bishop of}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Chester}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 7,2-3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 of Bygrave (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11882972 Lemarus}{\insrsid12807907 ) and Broadfield (}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11882972 Ledmaer}{\insrsid12807907 ) and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Ralph of Lim\'e9sy}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 23,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907  of }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Hainstone}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and}{\insrsid12807907  Caldecote (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11882972 Lemar}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11882972 Lemarus}{\insrsid12807907 
). In all four cases }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11882972 Lemar}{\insrsid12807907 /Leodmer is described as a man of Archbishop Stigand, who had no dependants with this name or its variants elsewhere; }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Caldecote}{
\insrsid12807907  and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Bygrave}{\insrsid12807907 , the two principle manors, are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  five miles }{\insrsid12807907 apart}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 As}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the name}{\insrsid12807907 -forms are uncommon}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\insrsid12807907 the archbishop's man may also be the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11882972 Lemarus}{\insrsid12807907  at Graveley}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
HRT 36,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 , six miles from Bygrave, and the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11882972 Ledmarus}{\insrsid12807907  at }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Astwick in Bedfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 23,47}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 two}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  miles from Caldecote}{\insrsid12807907 , five}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  from Bygrave. If }{\insrsid12807907 so}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
, then like others of his status he survive}{\insrsid12807907 d}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  on a fragment of his once substantial estate, retaining }{\insrsid12807907 the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 modest holding at Astwick, one of two Leodmers }{\insrsid12807907 holding land}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in 1086. }{\insrsid12807907 Earlier in the century, a Leofmer (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11882972 Leommaere}{\insrsid12807907 
) of Bygrave, perhaps an ancestor, was restored to the estate (unspecified) taken from him by Ealdorman Aethelstan: Whitelock, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11882972 Anglo-Saxon wills}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 60-61, 173. Leodmer is unidentified in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 291)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \cbpat8 {\cf1\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid5993189 LEODMER <OF HORSEHEATH>. Leodmer }{\insrsid12807907 (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2186207 Ledmarus}{\insrsid12807907 
), }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5993189 who}{\insrsid12807907 se half-virgate}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5993189  at Horseheath in Cambridgeshire }{\insrsid12807907 was acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10558081 Hardwin of Scales}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
CAM 26,9}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5993189  }{\insrsid12807907 has no links with his namesakes}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5993189 .}{\insrsid12807907  He is the only Leodmer holding land in the county, though several Leodmers and }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2186207 Lemar}{\insrsid12807907 s are recorded among the jurors there, all in different Hundreds from Horseheath: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14946474 Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis}{\insrsid12807907 
 (ed. Hamilton), pp. 38, 99-100. The }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14946474 Inquisitio}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2186207  (p. 37) }{\insrsid12807907 also records a }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2186207 Lemar}{\insrsid12807907  (}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2186207 Lemmarus}{\insrsid12807907 ) at Babraham, seven miles from Horseheath.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2186207 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14946474 LEODMER <OF WENHAM>. }{\insrsid12807907 Leodmer (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2186207 Ledmerus}{\insrsid12807907 ), who shared a holding at Wenham in Suffolk worth ten shillings acquired by the bishop of Bayeux}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14946474 SUF 16,36}}}{\insrsid12807907 , has no links with other Leodmers, though Higham, one of the manors of the Leodmer the priest, a predecessor of Count Eustace of Boulogne, is four miles away.}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14946474 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LEODMER <OF WHITTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is uncommon, t}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 he Leodmer}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 (}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2186207 Leimer}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2186207 Lemer}{\insrsid12807907 ) whose man
ors at Whitton and Polmere - five miles apart - in Shropshire were acquired by Roger son of Corbet and the earl of Shrewsbury}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,4,19. 4,27,19}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, are probably one man. He is the only Leodmer, Leofmer or }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2186207 Lemar}{\insrsid12807907  in circuit five}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LEODMER [* THE PRIEST *]. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is uncommon,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  it is }{\insrsid12807907 likely}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  that the Leodmer}{\insrsid12807907 s}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4159718 Ledmarus}{\insrsid12807907 ) who preceded}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Count Eustace }{\insrsid12807907 at Claret Hall and Belchamp}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in Essex }{\insrsid12807907 and Higham in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 5,6}}}{\insrsid12807907  are his predecessor at Bendysh Hall, Leodmer the priest}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 20,25-26;77}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Both Claret Hall and Bendysh }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 are substantial}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 Belchamp}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  is }{\insrsid12807907 close}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  to }{\insrsid12807907 Claret Hall}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Leodmer }{\insrsid12807907 is almost certainly }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
the priest who was head of the substantially-endowed collegiate college of St John at Clare}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 25,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , a mile away across the border with Suffolk, the caput of the }{\insrsid12807907 Honour}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  of Richard of Clare in Suffolk. Leodmer the priest was also a predecessor of Richard of Clare at Gestingthorpe}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 23,4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . All these }{
\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  are within a few miles of each other and are further linked by indications that Richard of Clare had interests in the }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 acquired by Count Eustace}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 90,54;64}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 A Leodmer of Hempstead also occurs on the fief of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Richard of Clare}{\insrsid12807907 , annexing Braintree}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
ESS 90,48}}}{\insrsid12807907 , about ten miles from Gestingthorpe. Alternative bynames are not uncommon, but Leodmer of Hempstead was a reeve}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 90,76}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, active after the Conquest, so unlikely to be the priest.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LEODWIN. Leodwin}{\insrsid12807907  (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4159718 Leduinus}{\insrsid12807907 )}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  is an }{\insrsid12807907 rare}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  name, }{
\insrsid12807907 occurring eight times in Domesday Book, once in Devon, twice in Yorkshire, the remainder in Lincolnshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907  A Leofwin in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 24,13}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 is rendered Leodwin (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4159718 Letuuinus}{\insrsid12807907 ) in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4159718 Exon}{\insrsid12807907 .; a similar inconsistency may be suspected in some of the Lincolnshire entries.}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid4159718 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LEODWIN [* SON OF RAVEN *]. As }{\insrsid12807907 the name is rare, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 the only Leodwin in the count}{\insrsid12807907 r}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 y in 1086, the }{
\insrsid12807907 king's }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 thane at Kexby}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 68,29}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  is }{\insrsid12807907 probably}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{
\insrsid12807907 Leodwin}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  son of Raven}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  named as having full jurisdiction in place of Healfdene the priest}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN C3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
; Healfdene held nearby}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 68,27-28}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Leodwin's jurisdictional privileges are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13647328 
(no. 5639) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13647328 Domesday}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  289; the Leodwin at Kexby is omitted from }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11668512 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  and }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13647328 Domesday}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LEOFA. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1604828 Leofa is a rare }{\insrsid12807907 name which occurs}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1604828  }{\insrsid12807907 
once in Hampshire in 1086, once in Somerset at both dates, and once in Huntingdonshire before the Conquest.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LEOFA <OF BEERE>. }{\insrsid12807907 Leofa, who retained a small holding among the king's clerics in Somerset for two decades}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 16,8}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has no links with his namesakes, though as the name is rare he may be the other survivor, at Shalfleet in Hampshire. He is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 14719).}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5322580 

\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LEOFA <OF SHALFLEET>. }{\insrsid12807907 Leofa, who held Shalfleet on the Isle of Wight in 1086 from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6583976 Jocelyn son of Azur}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM IoW8,9}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has no links with his namesakes, though as the name is rare he may be the other survivor, at Beere in Somerset. He is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 6896).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LEOFA <OF WARESLEY>. }{\insrsid12807907 
Leofa, whose manor of Waresley in Huntingdonshire was acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6583976 William son of Ansculf}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5322580 HUN 23,1}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , has no links with his distant namesakes.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LEOFEVA <OF LAWFORD>. Leofeva is }{\insrsid12807907 a fairly }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 common name}{\insrsid12807907 . Of the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  six }{\insrsid12807907 survivors}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , three }{\insrsid12807907 occur}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in Warwickshire, two }{\insrsid12807907 identified as}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Leofeva the nun}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR B2. 43,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
, whose alms land was subsequently granted to Kenilworth }{\insrsid12807907 priory}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 Regesta}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , iii. no. 418. In these circumstances, it }{
\insrsid12807907 is not}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 un}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 likely that the third Leofeva, a tenant of Thorkil of Arden at Little Lawford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 17,47}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{
\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  also the nun, though the descent of her holding, held by the Craft family for a fifth of a fee from the earldom of Warwick in the thirteenth century, suggest}{\insrsid12807907 s otherwise: }{
\i\insrsid12807907 Book of Fees,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . 508}{\insrsid12807907 , 957}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
. Although this is not conclusive, Leofeva is here treated as a second individual. }{\insrsid12807907 She is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1727758 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 28385).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LEOF}{\insrsid12807907 FLED}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Leoffled is an uncommon name}{\insrsid12807907 . There are single occurrences in Cambridgeshire and Hertfordshire, two ea
ch in Berkshire and Shropshire, and three in Colchester and Suffolk, but the name is fairly common in Herefordshire.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LEOFFLED [* WIFE OF THORKIL *]. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is uncommon, all Leoffleds in Herefordshire and Shropshire may be}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Leoffled wife of Thorkil White (}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 )}{\insrsid12807907 , named}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in two late Anglo-Saxon lawsuits}{\insrsid12807907 : Robertson, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2439427 Charters}{
\insrsid12807907 , pp. 150-53, 186-87, 399-402, 435. Since the latest date of one of these is 1035, and may be as early as 1016, Leoffled was probably dead by 1086. Her manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  were acquired by two tenants-in-chief}{
\insrsid12807907 , Nigel the doctor}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HEF}{\insrsid12807907  7,1-3;5}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and }{\insrsid12807907 Hugh the ass}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
29,3-8;10;15}{\insrsid12807907 . SHR 8,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907 . The lawsuits refer }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 to }{\insrsid12807907 her husband's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  manor of Wellington}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
HEF }{\insrsid12807907 29,11}}}{\insrsid12807907 , acquired by Hugh the ass,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 who is }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 named elsewhere as }{\insrsid12807907 Thorkil's successor}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid4053 HEF 1,65}}}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 the bulk of }{\insrsid12807907 Hugh's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  fief }{\insrsid12807907 coming}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 from Leoffled and Thorkil. }{\insrsid12807907 Leoffled also }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 provided half of the fief of Nigel the doctor in Herefordshire}{\insrsid12807907 , her manors being }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
distributed around those acquired by Hugh the ass}{\insrsid12807907 . }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Finally, the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Letflede}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  (Leodfled) from whom Hugh the }{\insrsid12807907 a}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ss acquired Hatfield}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 1,11}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  may also be Thorkil's wife. Although Leodfled and Leoffled are }{\insrsid12807907 regarded}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  as }{\insrsid12807907 
different}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  names}{\insrsid12807907  by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15150746 von Feilitzen, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 the former is rare, occurring only }{\insrsid12807907 once more in Domesday Book, so }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 its }{\insrsid12807907 occurrence}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 on the fief}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  of Hugh the }{\insrsid12807907 ass}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{
\insrsid12807907 suggests}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  a scribal error}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907 Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 309, 311. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 A list of }{\insrsid12807907 Leoffled's}
{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  manor}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 English }{\i\insrsid12807907 n}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 obility}{\i\insrsid12807907 , }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 pp. }{\insrsid12807907 345-46}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 , }{\insrsid12807907 which}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  }{\insrsid12807907 does not include those in Shropshire. Dr Clarke ran
ks Leoffled and her husband fifty-first in wealth among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 untitled laymen; the Shropshire manors were both waste, but the addition of one manor attributed to Thorkil would raise husband and wife a place.

\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LEOFKETEL. }{\insrsid12807907 Leofketel is a rare name which occurs only twice, both on pre-Conquest holdings.
\par 
\par ........................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  counties and the lands of the king and xxx of his tenants-in-chief}{\insrsid12807907 .............................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LEOFKETEL <OF }{\insrsid12807907 AUGHTON}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, the Leofketel with four bovates at Aughton in Yorkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid684667 
5W21}}}{\insrsid12807907  may be the Leofketel of Nottinghamshire; but there are no links to confirm this.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LEOFKETEL <OF MORTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, the Leofketel with a small, shared holding at Morton in Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5322580 NTT 9,34}}}{
\insrsid12807907  may be the Leofketel of Yorkshire; but there are no links to confirm this.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LEOF}{\insrsid12807907 MAN}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  <OF }{\insrsid12807907 SOBERTON}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 
The Leofmans who held the consecutive manors of Hayling Island and Soberton in Hampshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 1,12-13}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are almost certainly one man. Both manors - twelve miles apart - are fairly substantial, and Leofman was deprived of both of them by King Harold during his brief reign. There are no other Leofmans in Domesday Book.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par LEOFNOTH. Leofnoth is a very common name which occurs almost 120 times}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 , distributed among }{\insrsid12807907 twenty-one}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  counties }{\insrsid12807907 between Cornwall and Yorkshire }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 and the lands of the king and }{\insrsid12807907 more than forty}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  of his tenants-in-chief}{\insrsid12807907 
. There are large clusters in Northamptonshire, Cheshire and Derbyshire and smaller ones in Wiltshi
re and Shropshire; the name is almost entirely absent in eastern England, with none in Cambridgeshire, Lincolnshire and the three counties of Little Domesday and only two occurrences each in Kent and Yorkshire. Survivors held single manors in Sussex, Nort
hamptonshire, Worcestershire and Staffordshire and three in Cornwall.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8654426 {\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 LEOFNOTH [* BROTHER OF LEOFRIC *]. }{\insrsid12807907 A}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 lmost 90% of }{
\insrsid12807907 the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Honour }{\insrsid12807907 of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Ralph son of Hubert }{\insrsid12807907 came }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
from a Leofnoth or Leofric, evidently his designated predecessors. He }{\insrsid12807907 acquired}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Middleton in Derbyshire from Leofnoth and his (unnamed) brother}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 10,16}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, the majority of Ralph's holdings in that county }{\insrsid12807907 having been held }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 jointly}{\insrsid12807907  by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Leofnoth and Leofric}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 10,9-15;17;22;24}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . It is probable therefore that the Leofnoth who }{\insrsid12807907 preceded Ralph}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  elsewhere in Derbyshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 10,1-7;18-19;21;25;27}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 and Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 13,6;9;11-12;14}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is the same man, the only Leofnoth in Nottinghamshire, and one of two in Derbyshire. A single Leofnoth in Staffordshire, a post-Conquest landowner, may be }{\insrsid12807907 him
}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , though there are no links to confirm this. A list of Leofnoth's manors is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 English nobility, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
pp. 321-22, which includes those given above}{\insrsid12807907 , apart from dependencies}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . The brothers are ranked by }{\insrsid12807907 Dr Clarke }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
forty-third in wealth among untitled laymen.}{\insrsid12807907  Dr Williams suggests that Leofnoth may be the same man as Leofnoth son of Osmund: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13071358 World before Domesday}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 19, 157-58 note.}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LEOFNOTH <OF BRANSTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 Leofnoth, who held a manor worth \'a31 at Branston in Leicestershire from the b}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7696336 ishop of Lincoln}{\insrsid12807907  in 1066}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid16541855 LEC 3,14}}}{\insrsid12807907 , has no links with other Leofnoths, and the bishop no other tenant or predecessor of this name.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LEOFNOTH <OF }{\insrsid12807907 CALDY}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 All Leofnoths in Cheshire may be one man, the predecessor of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid669646 Robert of Rhuddlan}{
\insrsid12807907  at Caldy and five other manors in Willaston Hundred and another three in Ati's Cross}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid669646 3,3;5;7-10}{\insrsid12807907 . FD2,1;3-4}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, a substantial estate in Cheshire terms, on a par with the assessed land held by Earl Morcar. Leofnoth may also be the Leofnoth who held all or most of the remaining manors, a group clustered around Cogshall, in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid669646 
Tunendune}{\insrsid12807907  and Bucklow Hundreds, held in 1086 by Earl Hugh}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 1,36. 26,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Richard of Vernon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 5,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 , William son of Nigel}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
CHS 9,24;26}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and Ranulf Mainwaring}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 20,9}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Richard and Ranulf also acquired Moulton and Winnington in other Hundreds}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 5,8. 20,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, the latter a mile from Cogshall. The remaining manor, acquired by William Malbank at Minshull, is twelve miles south of Cogshall. If these manors were held by a second Leofnoth, he would rank fifteenth among pre-Conquest lords; it seems more likely t
here was one Leofnoth rather than two substantial landowners of that name in a small county. If so, his manorial income - very modest in national terms - would rank him immediately after the king and the earls in the county. See also }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid488012 Sawyer and }{\insrsid12807907 Thacker,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid488012  '}{\insrsid12807907 Domesday survey of Cheshire'}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid488012 , }{\insrsid12807907 p. 323; Lewis, 'I}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid8214004 ntroduction to the Cheshire Domesday', }{\insrsid12807907 p. 15.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LEOFNOTH <OF VERYAN>. }{\insrsid12807907 The Leofnoths who held Tredower and Elerkey in Cornwall from the Count of Mortain in 1086, and Halvana in both 1066 and 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 1,1. 5,24,4-5}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, are probably one man. He is one of two survivors of this name south of the Thames, and one of three who retained the same manor 
for twenty years. He does not appear to be related to the others, in Sussex and Northamptonshire. There are no pre-Conquest Leofnoths in Cornwall, and Leofnoth has no links with the predecessor of Baldwin the sheriff in Devon. Leofnoth's manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 1692)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  290.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \cbpat8 {\cf1\insrsid12807907 
.............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 LEOFNOTH [* SON OF OSMUND *]. Although Leofnoth is a common name and Leofnoth's patronymic }{\insrsid12807907 is }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 supplied only once, his substantial estate in the south Midlands may be }{\insrsid12807907 largely }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 reconstituted from its tenurial and geographical characteristics.}{\insrsid12807907 
 He was a significant predecessor of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Walter of Flanders}{\insrsid12807907 , who}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  acquired his entire fief in Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 39,1-18}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 and the bulk of his manors in Bedfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 32,1;3-6;8-9}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  from }{\insrsid12807907 him}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. In Bedfordshire, Leofnoth is described as a royal thane in most entries, and so may be }{\insrsid12807907 the man of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 King Edward who held the substantial manor of Ellesborough in Buckinghamshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
BUK 43,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . The one other Leofnoth in the county, at Wavendon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 12,38}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , was a lord of men and so }{\insrsid12807907 is }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
perhaps the }{\insrsid12807907 lord}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  of Ellesborough}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  named the son of Osmund}{\insrsid12807907  at }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Wavendon}{\insrsid12807907 , th}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 is manor }{\insrsid12807907 lying}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  between those of Walter's predecessor in Bedfordshire and Northamptonsh
ire. Wavendon is also adjacent to the only other manors in Bedfordshire held by a royal thane named Leofnoth}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 33,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, which were acquired by another Flemish tenant-in-chief, Walter brother of Sihere, probably the nephew of Walter of Flanders}{\insrsid12807907 ; the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  estates }{\insrsid12807907 of uncle and nephew }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 descended together: Farrer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Honors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , i. 61, 73-76.
\par \tab One other manor in Bedfordshire was held by a Leofnoth who was a lord of men, at Carlton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 24,20}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , surrounded by the manors of Osmund's son. Finally, }{\insrsid12807907 he may be the}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Leofnoth }{\insrsid12807907 who }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 held half-a-dozen manors in Northamptonshire. These do not record the lordship detail to aid identification; but the manor at Grimsbury}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NTH 48,11}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , held 'with full jurisdiction', devolved upon another of the Flemish tenants-in-chief, Gunfrid of Chocques; and those at Litchborough and Croughton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 13,1. 18,64}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 were held freely and }{\insrsid12807907 are }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 adjacent }{\insrsid12807907 to }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
others held by Osmund's son. One of these devolved upon the Count of Mortain, who acquired another manor from Leofnoth}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 18,40}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. That, though, was somewhat apart and modestly endowed. It is also possible, as suggested by }{\insrsid12807907 Dr}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Clarke, that }{\insrsid12807907 Osmund's son}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 is the Leofnoth whose manor at Berkswell in Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 
{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 19,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  was acquired by the Count of Meulan, in which case he }{\insrsid12807907 may have}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 held the other manor in Berkswell, recorded in the Warwickshire folios}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 16,27}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , along with others nearby acquired by the }{\insrsid12807907 Count from a Leofnoth}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NTH 19,1;3. WAR 16,24;31}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. This Leofnoth held freely; some of his properties were modestly substantial; and two of them were reasonably close to those acquired by Walter of Flanders. There are no other Leofnoths in Bedfordshire, Bu}{\insrsid12807907 ckinghamshire, N
orthamptonshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  or Warwickshire.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11154936 A Leofric son of Osmund is recorded at Tilsworth in Bedfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 22,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11154936 , and a lease of }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11154936 circa}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid11154936  1050 names Leofric son of Osmund and his brother Leofnoth: Baxter, 'Earls of Mercia', pp. 25-26. On this basis, Dr Williams suggests that the }{\insrsid12807907 two }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11154936 
Domesday sons of Osmund are the brothers named in the lease, who may }{\insrsid12807907 also }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11154936 
be the brothers Leofric and Leofnoth whose considerable estate in Derbyshire, Nottinghamshire and Staffordshire was acquired by Ralph son of Hubert: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11154936 World before Domesday}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11154936 
, pp. 19, 157-58 note 66. Though possible, the latter suggestion seems unlikely. Leofric and Leofnoth are common names, of course, and the considerable estate of }{\insrsid12807907 the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11154936 predecessors }{\insrsid12807907 
of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11154936 Ralph son of Hubert }{\insrsid12807907 was}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11154936  allocated on antecessorial principles}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11154936  }{\insrsid12807907 his acquisi
tions cutting into the territorial blocks allocated to William Peverel and Roger of Bully, suggesting that he was endowed before those blocks were created: Fleming, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11154936 Kings and lords}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 162. No such}
{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11154936  characteristics }{\insrsid12807907 distinguish}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11154936  the southern manors of Leofric and Leofnoth}{\insrsid12807907 . }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11154936 
Of the tenants-in-chief in Bedfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Northamptonshire, Oxfordshire or Warwickshire, only Miles Crispin acquired a significant manor from both a Leofric and a Leofnoth, Whitchurch and Henton in Oxfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 35,9;20}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid11154936  being his only manors from either. On the other hand, Walter of Flanders Leofnoth's principle predecessor on the reconstruction suggested above, had no predecessors named Leofric.
\par \tab Like many others of his condition, Leofnoth son of Osmund may have survived on a}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  fragment of his former }{\insrsid12807907 holdings}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , as a tenant of Walter of Flanders at Plumpton}{
\insrsid12807907 , a manor he had retained for two decades}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 39,13}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . A list of his manors is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 English nobility, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
pp. 319-20, which does not include Astwick in Northamptonshire or the Meulan manors other than Berkswell, or that of his man at Carlton in Bedfordshire. Leofnoth is ranked twenty-sixth in wealth among untitled laymen by }{\insrsid12807907 Dr }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Clarke; the additional manors would not affect this. The tenant at Plumpton is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 27318).
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LEOFNOTH [* }{\insrsid12807907 "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 STERRE}{\insrsid12807907 "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  *]. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Although Leofnoth is a common name, it is uncommon in the north Midlands}{\insrsid12807907 , except in Derbyshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2056137 Apart from }{\insrsid12807907 Leofnoth}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2056137  brot}{\insrsid12807907 her of Leofric}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2056137 , }{\insrsid12807907 the name}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2056137  occur}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2056137  once in Staffordshire}{
\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2056137  twice in Leicestershire, }{\insrsid12807907 and not}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2056137  at all in Nottinghamshire}{\insrsid12807907 
. In Derbyshire, all Leofnoths apart from Leofric's brother are predecessors Henry of Ferrers or the king}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2056137 1,30;32. 17,21}{\insrsid12807907 . 6,26;28;34;53;55;101}}}{\insrsid12807907 , a dist
ribution which suggests that Henry's predecessors may be Leofnoth }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3546116 Sterre}{\insrsid12807907 , Henry's predecessor at Breaston}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 6,65}}}{\insrsid12807907 , }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2056137 notwithstanding }{\insrsid12807907 Dr}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2056137  Fleming's thesis on }{\insrsid12807907 the allocation of land by wapentakes: Fleming, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3546116 Kings and lords}{
\insrsid12807907 , pp. 151-52, 163-65}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2056137 . }{\insrsid12807907 Of the three royal manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2056137  }{\insrsid12807907 
, Marsh is adjacent to Breaston and Leofnoth shared 'Langley' with Ketil, as did Henry's predecessor at Edensor. One of the two Leicestershire Leofnoths was also Henry's }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 predecessor}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid410564 
LEC 14,28}}}{\insrsid12807907 , so may be the same man. There are no other Leofnoths on Henry's Honour.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16125468 LEOFRIC. Leofric is one of the most common names in Anglo-Saxon England, occurring in all but three counties and the lands of more than eighty tenants-in-chief. }{\insrsid12807907 
There are large clusters in Northamptonshire and Suffolk and lesser ones in Devon, Leicestershire, Derbyshire and Lincolnshire. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16125468 English survivors}{\insrsid12807907 
 occur in nineteen entries, distributed among thirteen counties}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16125468 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx7200\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LEOFRIC [* BROTHER OF LEOFNOTH *]. }{\insrsid12807907 
Ralph son of Hubert acquired approximately 90% of his Honour from a Leofnoth or a Leofric, evidently his designated predecessors. As the majority of Ralph's holdings in Derbyshire had been held jointly by Leofnoth and Leofric}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 10,9-15;17;22;24}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , Leofric is presumably the unnamed brother of Leofnoth at Middleton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3875480 DBY 10,16}}}{\insrsid12807907 , which Ralph acquired from the two 
of them. Leofnoth's brother is very probably also the Leofric who occurs elsewhere on Ralph's fiefs in Derbyshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13449076 DBY}{\insrsid12807907  B6. 10,8;20}}}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13449076 
Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13449076 NTT 13,}{\insrsid12807907 1;3;8;10}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Staffordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 15,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, who may also have held Ingleby in Derbyshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 10,23}}}{\insrsid12807907 , where the name of the landowner is omitted}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13449076 .}{\insrsid12807907  He may also be the predecessor of Nigel of Stafford (}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13449076 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ) at Kingsley}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 16,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 , since he preceded Ralph in the same vill, where Nigel was Ralph's tenant}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 15,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, the only other Leofric in the county. In Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire, by contrast, the name occurs frequently; but as
 it is a common name, and much of the land was allocated by wapentake, it is impossible to determine whether any of these Leofric's are Leofnoth's brother; only one of the manors, however, is valuable.
\par \tab Leofric's brother is identified as Leofnoth son of Osmund (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11154936 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ) and a Leofric son of Osmund, predecessor of William Peverel, is recorded at Tilsworth in Bedfordshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid13071358 BDF 22,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 . On this basis, Dr Williams suggests that the Domesday sons of Osmund are the brothers Leofnoth and Leofric sons of Osmund named in a lease of }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13071358 circa}{
\insrsid12807907  1050 names: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13071358 World before Domesday}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 19, 157-58 note 66; Baxter, 'Earls of Mercia', pp. 25-26. While not impossible, it seems more likely that William's predecessor is another man since Ralph appears to have been allocated the lands of his predec
essors at an early date, before William Peverel was allocated his territorial block in the north: Fleming, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11154936 Kings and lords}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 162. Peverel's predecessor is therefore likely to be another man. }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 A list of }{\insrsid12807907 Leofric's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  manor}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 English }{\i\insrsid12807907 n
}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 obility}{\i\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 pp. }{\insrsid12807907 321-22}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 , }{\insrsid12807907 which}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  }{\insrsid12807907 
agrees with that above apart from dependencies. The brothers are ranked forty-third in wealth among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 untitled laymen by Dr Clarke.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LEOFRIC <OF BOTTESFORD>. Leofric is a common name but it is probable that }{\insrsid12807907 the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Leofric}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 from whom Robert of Tosny acquired the majority of his }{\insrsid12807907 manors in Le}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 icestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LEC 15,1-7;}{
\insrsid12807907 15-16}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 are one man, the Leofric who }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 held the substantial manor of Bottesford around which the fief clustered and }{\insrsid12807907 up}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 on which several }{\insrsid12807907 other}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 s were dependent. }{\insrsid12807907 I}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 t is possible that Robert acquired his entire fief in the county from }{
\insrsid12807907 this man,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  since those entries where he is not named or }{\insrsid12807907 implied}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  have no recorded pre-Conquest lord}{\insrsid12807907 s}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . One ambiguous entry names }{\insrsid12807907 him}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and three other thanes collectively as holding a group of entries}{\insrsid12807907  and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{
\insrsid12807907 could}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  imply that Leofric was the overlord of those}{\insrsid12807907  manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 he did not hold directly.}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
Robert of Tosny }{\insrsid12807907 had another predecessor of this name, at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Woolsthorpe in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 18,27}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, five miles from Bottesford, so perhaps the same man}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
 It is also possible that he is the same man as Leofric the noble, son of Leofwin, despite the ubiquity of their forenames. Both held land in Stathern}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9838202 LEC }{\insrsid12807907 
15,16. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9838202 29,18}}}{\insrsid12807907 , which is approximately h
alf-way between the centres of their respective clusters of manors, at Bottesford and Melton Mowbray; but the name is common in Leicestershire, so Leofric of Bottesford is here treated as another man}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907 

\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LEOFRIC <OF TWYFORD>. }{\insrsid12807907 Although the name Leofric is common}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9705115 , it is }{\insrsid12807907 likely}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9705115  that }{\insrsid12807907 the}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid9705115  predecessors of Henry of Ferrers }{\insrsid12807907 on four manors in Derbyshire are one man. Twyford, Stenson and Normanton are adjacent, and Leofric shared a holding with Gamal at Normanton and Tissington}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
DBY 6,7;86;91}}}{\insrsid12807907 . The fourth holding, at Linton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 6,19}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is about nine miles from Swepstone in Leicestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9705115 LEC 14,23}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , held by the one other Leofric on Henry's Honour, perhaps therefore the same man. Twyford is a valuable manor in Litchurch wapentake, most of which was probably allocated to Henry as a block (Fleming, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11154936 Kings and lords}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 164), so it is not unlikely that Leofric was the predecessor of other tenants-in-chief, of whom the mo
st likely is William Peverel. However, the name is common and Leofric held manors in two other wapentakes where Henry was not as dominant, so the predecessors of Peverel and Ferrers are here treated as different men.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LEOFRIC <OF }{\insrsid12807907 WILLOUGHBY}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. Guy of Raimbeaucourt acquired the bulk of his }{\insrsid12807907 Honour}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  from a Leofric, who contributed }{
\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in Leicestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 23,2;5-6}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 39,1-4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , 
and Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 41,3;7}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Th}{\insrsid12807907 ose in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 Leicestershire and Northamptonshire are all connected to Stanford, and Leofric is the only named predecessor of Guy in Leicestershire and Lincolnshire, in both of which counties he had at least one substantial manor. Leofric
 contributed about 20% of Guy's }{\insrsid12807907 Honour, perhaps a little more since he may be}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the unnamed predecessor}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  on Guy's Leicestershire}{\insrsid12807907 
 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6367358 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LEOFRIC }{\insrsid12807907 [* SON OF OSMUND *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 
Tilsworth in Bedfordshire, held by the royal thane Leofric son of Osmund}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9705115 BDF 22,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is one of the most valuable manors acquired by William Peverel and practically his entire fief in the county so possibly allocated on an antecessorial basis, in which case William's predecessor at Bolsover, Glapwell, and Shirland }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid9705115 in }{\insrsid12807907 Derbyshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 7,1-2;5}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 may be the same man. Though modest in comparison to Tilsworth these manors are not insignificant by Derbyshire standards and were probably he
ld by one man: Glapwell is three miles from Bolsover and nine from Shirland. A royal thane might be expected to hold more but his name is common and there are no apparent links with unidentified Leofrics on other manors, the most valuable being }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid6367358 Willian}{\insrsid12807907  in Hertfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 34,7}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Twyford in Derbyshire, the latter perhaps the more likely since }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6367358 
Henry of Ferrers}{\insrsid12807907  may have acquired Twyford and other manors as part of a block grant of the wapentake: Fleming, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11154936 Kings and lords}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 164. However, as the name is common Henry
's predecessor is here treated as another man. It has been suggested that Peverel's predecessor is Leofric, brother of Leofnoth son of Osmund (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6367358 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
), but there are problems with that identification too.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6367358 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LEOFRIC [* THE NOBLE SON OF LEOFWIN *]. Geoffrey of la Guerche acquired almost }{\insrsid12807907 two-}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid4816618 thirds of his Honour from Leofric or Leofwin}{\insrsid12807907 , evidently his designated predecessors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4816618 . Leofric is described as the son of Leofwin on }{\insrsid12807907 his}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid4816618  Leicestershire }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 29,3-4;18}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4816618 , and as Leofric the noble (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4816618 cilt}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid4816618 ) in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 63,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4816618 . }{\insrsid12807907 He may have preceded Geoffrey on other manors on his Leicestershire fief, where few predecessors are recorded. }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid4816618 He is probably also the Leofric from whom Geoffrey acquired}{\insrsid12807907  substantial}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4816618  }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4816618  in Northamptonshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NTH 47,1a-1c}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 19,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Geoffrey of la Guerche}{\insrsid12807907  married his sister, }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid4816618 Aelfeva}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VCH Warwickshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , i. 275-76}{\insrsid12807907 . }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Father and son }{
\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 not included in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 from Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 English nobility}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , where their combined estate}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 would rank }{\insrsid12807907 them forty-third}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 in wealth among}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 untitled laymen.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LEOFSI}{\insrsid12807907 . Leofsi is a fairly common name, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 occurring }{\insrsid12807907 about forty}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  times}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 
distributed among sixteen counties and the lands of the king and about more than two dozen tenants-in-chief. The name is almost entirely absent in the south-west, and outside Lincolnshire it is rare north of the Wash.
 One Leofsi survived in Buckinghamshire, another in Yorkshire.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LEOFSI <OF HOLLINGTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 It is probable that the Leofsis who preceded Henry of Ferrers on modest, shared holdings in the adjacent vills of Hollington and Shirley in Derbyshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
DBY 6,42-43}}}{\insrsid12807907  are one man. There are no other Leofsis on the Ferrers Honour, and the three Leofsis recorded in the six adjacent counties - all in Yorkshire - appear to be unrelated.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LEOFWIN}{\insrsid12807907 . Leofwin is a very common name which occurs roughly 350 times, in e
very county except in Rutland and on the lands of the king and almost a hundred of his tenants-in-chief, with large clusters in Sussex, Buckinghamshire, Hertfordshire, Essex and Suffolk. Leofwins survived on almost forty manors though the number of indivi
duals holding them is probably less than half that number.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5925126 {\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LEOFWIN}{\insrsid12807907  [* CAVE *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Leofwin }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1773487 Chaua}{\insrsid12807907 , who held Wavendon in Buckinghamshire in both 1066 and 1086, is probably the same man as Leofwin }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1773487 Oaura}{\insrsid12807907 
 at Simpson and Leofwin at 'Wanden' during the same two decades}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 57,8-10}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. It is possible that he is to be identified as Leofwin of Nuneham, who also survived on the same manors for twenty years, one of them in Wavendon; but the forename is common in Buckinghamshire so Cave is here treated as another man. Leofwin }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1773487 Chaua}{\insrsid12807907 , Leofwin }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1773487 Oaura}{\insrsid12807907 , and Leofwin of Nuneham }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded as different individuals in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (nos. 199, 689, 1651),}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  290; the Leofwin at 'Wanden' is unidentified (no. 1555).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 [* EARL *] LEOFWIN. }{\insrsid12807907 Earl Leofwin 
is given his title on more than sixty manors in eight counties between Devon and Hertfordshire. Where his title is omitted,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8134022  }{\insrsid12807907 his name }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8134022 is so common}{\insrsid12807907 
 that he is difficult to identify.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8134022  Even in the Sussex heartland of the Godwinson family}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8134022  where Leofwins are thi
ck on the ground, there are few cases where a reasonably secure identification }{\insrsid12807907 may}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8134022 
 be suggested. It is likely, for instance, that most if not all of the substantial manors held by a Leofwin in the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 11,21;68. 12,40. 13,20;38;43}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid8134022  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1592562 belonged to the earl}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1592562  }{\insrsid12807907 as}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1592562  there are no other identified Leofwins in Sussex}{
\insrsid12807907 ; but o}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1592562 nly }{\insrsid12807907 at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8134022  Worthing and Sompting}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8134022 13,3}{
\insrsid12807907 6-40}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8134022 , where the interdependence of }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8134022  and the coincidence of the names of Earl Godwin, Leofwin and Tosti suggest a family }{\insrsid12807907 
interest}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8134022 , }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8134022  an identification reasonably }{\insrsid12807907 certain}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8134022 . }{\insrsid12807907 The Leofwin who held Lanc
ing may also be the earl}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }
{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 13,43-44}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, Lancing lying a mile from Sompting, with which it shared an important strategic situation overseeing Shoreham harbour; it is the largest and most valuable manor held by a Leofwin in the county. Applesham, held from Earl Godwin, i
s another possibility, on similar grounds}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 13,20}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Less certainly, Duncton, Burpham and Streat}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 11,21;68. 12,40}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, each assessed at more than five hides or \'a35, may have been his, though not here allocated to him.
\par \tab Dr Lewis has suggested that Odo succeeded Leofwin as earl in Kent, 
Surrey, Middlesex, Hertfordshire and Buckinghamshire after 1066: 'Early earls', pp. 217-18. Odo was certainly his main successor, acquiring fifteen of his seventeen demesne manors in those counties where he is given his title, and many of those of his men
. It is likely, therefore, that he is the Leofwin who preceded Bishop Odo at }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8134022 Islington}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13577552  in Middlesex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab MDX 11,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid8134022  Libury}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13577552  in Hertfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 5,10}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, and on one or more of the manors in Kent held by an unidentified Leofwin. Of these, he is likely to be the Leofwin who held the valuable manor (\'a312) of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14315992 Bekesbourne}{\insrsid12807907  from King Edward}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
KEN 5,122}}}{\insrsid12807907  and perhaps Frinsted}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14315992 KEN 5,66}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, also held from the king and a few miles from his demesne manors of Leeds and Sutton Valence. He is less likely to be the bishop's predecessor who held }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14315992 Siffleton}{\insrsid12807907  jointly with Wulfwi
n, or who shared Pising with five other lords, or held the small manor in the lost vill of }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14315992 Leueberge}{\insrsid12807907  in the same Hundred}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14315992 KEN 5,43}{
\insrsid12807907 ;174;189}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Although the bulk of his manors lay in eastern England, Earl Leofwin was also the predecessor of the bishop in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 4,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , so he may b
e the Leofwin from whom Odo acquired}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8134022  the substantial manor of Rampisham }{\insrsid12807907 in the neighbouring county of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8134022 Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 4,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, each manor constituting the bishop's fief in that county, probably therefore acquired by antecession}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8134022 . Finally, Count Eustace of Boulogne }{\insrsid12807907 may have}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8134022  }{
\insrsid12807907 obtained }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8134022 Stanford and Laver}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 20,43;45}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8134022 
 from the earl, these being by a considerable margin the most valuable manors held by a Leofwin in Essex}{\insrsid12807907 , and just a few miles apart; Essex was part of Leofwin's earldom: Baxter, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15468625 Earls of Mercia}{
\insrsid12807907 , pp. 67, 303}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 A list of the earl's manor}{
\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11564255 English nobility}{\i\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 pp. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8134022 200-203, }{\insrsid12807907 
which also attributes Islington, Libury, Rampisham, Stanford and Laver to him, but not the Sussex manors of Applesham, Worthing, Sompting and Lancing, or }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14315992 Bekesbourne}{\insrsid12807907  and Frinstead in Kent; it do
es not include}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8134022  }{\insrsid12807907 his men at }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1592562 Hemel Hempstead and King's Langley in Hertfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 15,10-11}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Leofwin is ranked thirteenth in wealth among the nobility by Dr Clarke; the additional manors would raise him to twelfth place. Baxter, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11538497 Earls of Mercia}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 129, supplies an alm
ost identical estimate (\'a3283) of his manorial income; the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6105212 Statistics}{\insrsid12807907  database total (\'a3321) is higher.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LEOFWIN [* }{\insrsid12807907 FATHER OF LEOFRIC}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  *]. Geoffrey of la Guerche acquired almost }{\insrsid12807907 two-}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4816618 
thirds of his Honour from a Leofric or Leofwin}{\insrsid12807907 , evidently his designated predecessors; he married Leofwin's }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7017161 daughter: }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7437073 Dugdale, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7437073 
Monasticon}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7437073 , vi}{\insrsid12807907 /ii}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7437073 . 996, no. 1}{\insrsid12807907 ;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14252844  Round,}{\i\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907 'Domesday survey of Warwic
kshire', pp. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7017161 275-76. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Leofwin }{\insrsid12807907 himself }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 is named as }{\insrsid12807907 Leofric's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 father on two of Geoffrey's Leicestershire manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 29,3;18}}}{\insrsid12807907 . He is almost certainly therefore the Leofwin who preceded Geoffrey}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 on }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
his entire fief in Warwickshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 31,1-12}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and probably also Geoffrey's predecessor at Burton-on-the-Wolds}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Leicestershire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
LEC 29,14}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and}{\insrsid12807907  possibly on several other manors on the fief among those where the pre-Conquest lords are not named}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 
He may also be the Leodwin from whom }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Geoffrey }{\insrsid12807907 obtained two of his most valuable manors in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LIN 63,2-5;}{
\insrsid12807907 9;11}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Geoffrey }{\insrsid12807907 had no other predecessor with this uncommon name, and philological arguments point to the same conclusion: }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4609808 
Fellows-Jensen}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4609808  'On the identification of Domesday tenants in Lincolnshire', }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7237629 p}{\insrsid12807907 p. 33-34. He is probably also the Leofwin who preceded Hugh of Gr
andmesnil at Thurcaston}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 13,19}}}{\insrsid12807907 , which had been held by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Geoffrey of la Guerche}{\insrsid12807907  but was exchanged with the king for other manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11157486 LEC 29,1}}}{
\insrsid12807907 . }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Father and son }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 not included in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
English nobility}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , where their combined estate}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 would rank }{\insrsid12807907 them forty-third}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 in wealth among}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 untitled laymen.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LEOFWIN <OF ASTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 Although the name is common, it is likely that the Leofwins who survived among the king's thanes in Derbyshire at Coal Aston and Handley}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 17,5-6}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are one man, who may be the other survivor in the county, the tenant of Roger of Bully at Beighton, a few miles from Aston, and perhaps also Roger's predecessor at Dore, five miles from Aston}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 16,3;5}}}{\insrsid12807907 . 
As it is likely that Leofwin of Aston survived in the area for twenty years, he may be the Leofwin who shared the royal manor of Unstone in 1066 with Edwin who, like Leofwin, was Roger's predecessor at Dore}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 1,9. 16,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 . }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Roger had other }{\insrsid12807907 Leofwins among his }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 predecessors, Leofwin the noble at Breaston}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 16,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 and a Leofwin at Thrumpton in Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12089041 9,79}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{\insrsid12807907 either or both }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 conceivably the same man}{\insrsid12807907 
; but the name is common and the Derbyshire manors modest, so the Derbyshire Leofwin is here treated as a separate individual. All three tenants are unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7427453 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (nos. 32485, 32496-97).

\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par LEOFWIN }{\insrsid12807907 [* OF BARTON *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Leofwin, who preceded the bishop of Lisieux on his fief in Oxfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 8,1-4}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, 'can safely be identified' as Leofwin of Barton, who early in the reign of the Confessor witnessed a charter concerning Great Tew, which lies in the same Hundred as the bishop's fief: Stenton, 'Domesday survey of 
Oxfordshire', pp. 380-81. Although his name is common, it is not unlikely that Leofwin also held Rodmarton and Lasborough in Gloucestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 30,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, two of the three manors on the fief of the bishop of Lisieux there; Lasborough and Barton are the most valuable m
anors held by a Leofwin in either county. The bishop had no other predecessors of this name, and Oxfordshire none who are unidentified. The name is fairly common in Gloucestershire, where the most valuable of other manors held by a Leofwin - Syde, Sidding
ton and Oakley - lie between those of Leofwin of Barton in Oxfordshire and Gloucestershire; but the name is common and there are no links to confirm an identity in these cases.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx360\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LEOFWIN [* OF NUNEHAM *]. }{\insrsid12807907 
The Leofwins who held Mursley, Maids Moreton, Beachampton and Wavendon in Buckinghamshire are probably Leofwin of Nuneham, named in the fief heading and on the first manor in the group}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 57,1-5}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and as holding five burgesses in the county town at Drayton Parslow before the Conquest}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK B13. 40,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 . He held the very valuable manor of Nuneham Courtney}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12531400 OXF 32,1}}}{
\insrsid12807907  which he granted it to Abingdon abbey with the approval of Odo of Bayeux; but the Conqueror seized it after Odo's disgrace and granted to another landowner, presumably }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16059479 
Richard of Courcy, who held it in 1086: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16059479 Historia Ecclesie Abbendonensis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16059479 , ii. 12-13.}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16059479  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16059479 He may }{
\insrsid12807907 also be the Leofwin who retained his three valuable manors in Oxfordshire during the same two decades}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 58,24-25;30}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, and is possibly the man here identified as Leofwin Cave, another survivor on his pre-Conquest manors in Buckinghamshire, one of which lay in Wavendon, alongside that of Leofwin of Nuneham. Dr Williams suggests he may be the one other survivor 
in the county, a tenant of Roger of Ivry at }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1773487 Beachampton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 41,5}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, where one of Leofwin of Nuneham's manors lay, and possibly the Leofwin Doda whose manor at Wilmcote in Warwickshire acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1773487 Osbern son of Richard}{\insrsid12807907 , who also obtained one of his manors from Leofwi
n of Nuneham's mother}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1773487 WAR 37,2}{\insrsid12807907 ;9}}}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4204244 English and the Norman Conquest}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2108095 , pp. 117-18}{\insrsid12807907 
. Leofwin's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 689)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  290, apart from the Oxfordshire manors, assigned to two other men (nos. 28081, 28088), and Beachampto
n, whose tenant is unidentified (no. 1484).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 LEOFWIN [* }{\insrsid12807907 THE INTERPRETER}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  *]. Leofwin}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  who held land in Leominster }{\insrsid12807907 in 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 1,38}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is }{\insrsid12807907 very probably }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Leofwin }{\insrsid12807907 the interpreter, named in two other entries,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  where he held 'as much land in Leominster as is worth 25s'}{\insrsid12807907  in one}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, and land at Yarpole in the same manor}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 1,10c;36}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907  He may also be Roger of Lacy's tenant at }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5925126 Mawfield}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 10,31}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and his predecessor at Heath and Yarsop}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 10,13;59}}}{\insrsid12807907 , the only other Leofwins in the county. Roger of Lacy had a significant presence on the royal fief, in particular on components of the manor of Leominster}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
HEF 1,3;5;8;10b-10c;15;18;38}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and in that context the absence of Leofwins on all fiefs in the county other 
than his own may be significant. Roger had predecessors (though not tenants) of this name in Berkshire and Gloucestershire, but the name is a common one. There are no more surviving Leofwins in adjacent counties.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5925126 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par ................................................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LEOFWIN [* THE NOBLE }{\insrsid12807907 OF BACTON }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Leofwins whose respectable manors of Purleigh and Colne Engaine in Essex were acquired by Walter t
he deacon are probably Leofwin the noble, his predecessor on a second, more valuable manor in Purleigh}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 42,2;4;6}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; Walter's Honour was modest and his predecessors few. Leofwin }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2505824 cilt}{
\insrsid12807907  also held the substantial manor of Helions Bumpstead in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 38,4}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Ulverston in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 16,30}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, where he is also named as a free man, as at Wickham Market}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13987846 SUF 16,4}}}{\insrsid12807907  in the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6126100 Inquisitio Eliensis}{\insrsid12807907 
 (ed. Hamilton, p. 146). Most of the Honour of Walter the deacon lay in Suffolk, where he had six named predecessors, three of the Leofwins having manors sufficientl
y valuable to suggest they are the noble Leofwin. At Milden, Leofwin is described as a royal thane named Leofwin of Bacton, so he is evidently the Leofwin who held the valuable manor of Bacton and its dependency}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 41,7-8;10}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, the most valuable of his holdings, where he is described as a free man of Earl Harold. He is perhaps also Walter's predecessor at Akenham, Wintesham and }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2505824 Bruntuna}{\cs23\i\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 41,5;15;17}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, which lay within a few miles of Leofwin }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2505824 cilt}{\insrsid12807907 's manor of Ulverston. Leofwin of Bacton was also the overlord of men acquired by Robert Malet}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 6,212;217}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Several other Leofwins held valuable manors in the two counties, one of them a royal thane at Ingham in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 8,32}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, a predecessor of Roger of Poitou who may be the same man as his predecessor Leofwin Croc on other valuable manors in Essex and Suffolk; but there are no specific links to connect him with Walter's predecessor.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16059479 LEOFWIN [* THE NOBLE OF CADDINGTON *]. Leofwin the noble}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16059479  who held Kensworth}{\insrsid12807907  and (probably) Caddington}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1392226 
 in Hertfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 13,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1392226 and }{\insrsid12807907 Caddington, Streatley, Beeston and Meppershall in Bedfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 12,1. 24,18. 25,14. 48,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid1392226  probably Leofwin of Caddington}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6622880 whose father bequeathed him}{\insrsid12807907  land in three of those}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6622880  vills: }{\insrsid12807907 
Fowler, 'Some Saxon charters', pp. 53-54; Keynes, 'Lost cartulary of St Albans', pp. 275-79}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6622880 .}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16059479  Leofwin the noble }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16059479 
 described as a royal thane }{\insrsid12807907 on}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16059479  three of the}{\insrsid12807907 se manors so may be the royal thane Leofwin elsewhere in the area. This was almost certainly the case at Mepper
shall, where the vill was split (as was Caddington) by the county boundary, both halves being acquired by Gilbert son of Solomon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 40,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Walter of Flanders succeeded the royal thane on five manors in Bedfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 32,10;12-15}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; he also acquired three manors in Hertfordshire,
 on the first and most valuable of which Leofwin is described as a man of Earl Harold}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 30,1-3}}}{\insrsid12807907 . William of Auberville}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 29,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Geoffrey de Mandeville}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
HRT 33,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Walter Giffard}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 14,42}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Nigel of Aubigny}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 24,18}}}{\insrsid12807907  and William Speke}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 25,14}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 all succeeded to manors of the royal thane, and Peter of Valognes}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 36,11}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Ralph Tallboys' daughter}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 44,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  to those of Earl Harold's man. 
}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1392226 Nigel of Aubigny}{\insrsid12807907 , who acquired the land of one of Leofwin's men}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 24,25}}}{\insrsid12807907 , also}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1392226 
obtained Millbrook from Godwin son of Leofwin}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16059479 BDF 24,9}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1392226 , }{\insrsid12807907 possibly}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1392226  }{\insrsid12807907 Leofwin}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid1392226  of Caddington}{\insrsid12807907 's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1392226  son}{\insrsid12807907 . Of these nine tenants-in-chief, only
 Geoffrey de Mandeville had a predecessor named Leofwin elsewhere; Nigel had no other predecessor named Godwin.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1392226 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1392226 The only other }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1392226  held by a Leofwin in}{\insrsid12807907  these two counties }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1392226 
were at Clifton and Totternhoe }{\insrsid12807907 in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1392226  }{\insrsid12807907 Bedfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 8,6. 40,3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1392226 
 and Boarscroft and Bozen in Hertfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 15,8. 20,12}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1392226 . Clifton }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1392226  surrounded by the }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid1392226  }{\insrsid12807907 mentioned above,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1392226  and Totternhoe }{\insrsid12807907 is six}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1392226  miles from Caddington, so both }{\insrsid12807907 may}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid1392226  have }{\insrsid12807907 been held by}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1392226  Leofwin of Caddington}{\insrsid12807907 , particularly the valuable manor of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1392226  Totternhoe}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid1392226  even though Leofwin }{\insrsid12807907 is there described as}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1392226  Earl Waltheof's man. }{\insrsid12807907 As}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1392226  Fowler }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16059479 
pointed out, the unidentified 'Puttanho' in the will of Leofwin of Caddington's father is a likely scribal error for Totternhoe, 'by the common mistake of p for \'de, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16059479 Thotenho}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16059479 
 being a known early spelling of this name': }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16059479 Bedfordshire in 1086}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16059479 , p. 105. Bozen, on the other hand, is unlikely to have been }{\insrsid12807907 his, as}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid16059479  it }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16059479  tiny and in the lordship of Godwin of Benfield. }{\insrsid12807907 Clifton and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16059479 Boarscroft }{\insrsid12807907 raise}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid16059479  an intriguing possibility}{\insrsid12807907 , as both were still held by Leofwin in 1086, Boarscroft held '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16059479 at a revenue' from the tenant-in-chief}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1392226 
 who superseded him. }{\insrsid12807907 Perhaps, as Fowler suggested, this is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1392226  another example of an }{\insrsid12807907 English}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1392226  magnate clinging to a fragment of his previous estate}{
\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1392226 Bedfordshire in 1086}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1392226 , p. 105}{\insrsid12807907 ; Abels, 'Introduction to the Bedfordshire Domesday', p. 36.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1392226 
\par \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16059479 A royal thane named Leofwin held Ingham in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 8,32}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16059479  but ha}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16059479 
 no tenurial or other links with Leofwin of Caddington}{\insrsid12807907 ; and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16059479  Leofwin the noble occurs in Essex, Suffolk, Shropshire and Derbyshire. Stenton was of the opinion that the title }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16059479 cilt}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16059479  was 'unlikely to have been applied to two different persons of the same name'}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16059479  identif}{\insrsid12807907 y}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid16059479 i}{\insrsid12807907 ng}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16059479  Leofwin the noble in Derbyshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 6,29. 16,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16059479 
 as Leofwin of Caddington on that basis: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16059479 VCH}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16059479  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16059479 Derbyshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16059479 
, i. 322. As there are no links other than the title }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16059479 cilt}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16059479 , there is no way of testing Sten
ton's suggestion, though the concentration of the Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire manors and the ubiquity of }{\insrsid12807907 the name Leofwin suggests that more than one noble Leofwin is the more likely situation}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{
\insrsid12807907  If the identifications suggested above are valid, Leofwin's estate was worth \'a3100, which would rank him }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 among }{\insrsid12807907 the fifty wealthiest landowners in England, in the top forty }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 untitled laymen}{\insrsid12807907 , if included in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Clarke}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10907168 English nobility}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7017161 LEOFWIN }{\insrsid12807907 [* UNCLE OF THORKIL *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7017161 . }{\insrsid12807907 Most if not all Leofwins in Warwickshire may be one man. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7017161 The Leofwins }{
\insrsid12807907 at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7017161  Flecknoe and Fillongley in}{\insrsid12807907  Warwickshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 3,7. 5,1. 44,11-12}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Kemerton and Oridge in Gloucestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 19,2}}}{\insrsid12807907  have been
 identified as }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7410836 an uncle of Thorkil of Warwick}{\insrsid12807907 , named at Alveston}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 3,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 as a son of Brictwin, Thorkil's grandfather: }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7410836 Williams, '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 A }{\insrsid12807907 v}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ice-}{\insrsid12807907 c}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 omital }{
\insrsid12807907 f}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 amily}{\insrsid12807907 ', pp. 282-83, 288, 291, 293-94}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7410836 . }{\insrsid12807907 All of these manors were held in 1086, but the Alverton text reveals that Leofwi
n was also a landowner twenty years previously. He may therefore be both the tenant and predecessor of the Count of Meulan in Warwickshire, where Thorkil and the Count shared other predecessors and tenants. The Count acquired}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid7410836  Harbury and Cubbington}{\insrsid12807907  from Leofwin}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 16,7;53}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7410836 , }{\insrsid12807907 
Harbury being a 'family' vill identified by Dr Williams and Cubbington shared with another member of his family. The Count's tenant at Shuttington}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15871410 WAR 16,22}}}{
\insrsid12807907  has Thorkil as a neighbour at Ermendone and Syerscote, two and four miles respectively on either side of Shuttington. The Count's predecessors at Milverton, Bourton and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15871410 Shuckburgh}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
WAR 16,2;30;32}}}{\insrsid12807907  are not as clearly linked; but Bourton is valuable and since these are all but one of the remaining unidentified Leofwins in the county, it is not unlikely they are Thorkil's uncle}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7410836 .}{
\insrsid12807907  The Count also had a predecessor named Leofwin in Leicestershire; but the name is common and Thorkil's family appears to have no associations with the county, or with the one remaining Leofwin in Warwickshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
WAR 4,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 . The tenants on one manor in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7017161  Flecknoe}{\insrsid12807907  and at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7017161  Fillongley}{\insrsid12807907  and Shuttington are identified as a kinsman of Thorkil in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5726628 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 9858)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  291, those on the other manors in Flecknoe being unidentified (nos. 28594-95); the Gloucestershire subtenancies are not recorded.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LISOIS [* OF MOUTIERS *]. }{\insrsid12807907 All men named Lisois - at Beeston in Bedfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 21,13}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Mundon in Essex}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
ESS 25,5}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Lakenheath in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13901277 SUF 28,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and on six manors in Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13901277 24,1-4;6. 66,100}}}{
\insrsid12807907  - are almost certainly Lisois of Moutiers, named at Gamlingay in Cambridgeshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 25,9}}}{\insrsid12807907 . All ten manors were acquired by Eudo }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13901277 the steward}{\insrsid12807907  (}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13901277 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ), Lisois' named predecessor on three of them; a fourth, at Beeston, is stated t
o be 'not of Lisois Holding', impugning Eudo's title and emphasising Lisois' status as as official predecessor. J.H. Round suggested that the Leofsi who preceded Eudo at Harlow in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13901277 ESS 25,2}}}{
\insrsid12807907  is a corruption of Lisois, which is likely given that he, like Lisois, gave title to Eudo in circumstances involving dubious additions to his manors: 'Domesday survey of Essex',}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13043600  p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 492. No other Leofsi appears as an intermediate landowner or is involved in claims in Domesday Book. As an intermediate landowner, Lisois is not included in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13901277 Coel}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\i\insrsid12807907 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907  or the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13901277 Statistics}{\insrsid12807907  database.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par LOSOARD <}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OF }{\insrsid12807907 ROLLESTON>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 All Losoards in Domesday B
ook are almost certainly one man, tenant of the bishop of Bayeux at Barnby, Coddington and Rolleston in Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9797197 7,2-3;5}}}{
\insrsid12807907  and Hemswell, Tealby and Rigsby in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 4,8;41;61-64}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9797197 .}{\insrsid12807907  He was a delinquent taxpayer}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9797197 
LIN C20}}}{\insrsid12807907  and his men imposed a new toll in Grimsby, though Losoard denied it was done with his authority}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9797197 LIN CN14}}}{
\insrsid12807907 . He claimed land in Well against Gilbert of Ghent apparently granted him by bishop Odo, but the jury expressed scepticism as to Odo's right to it. By the date of the Lindsey Survey (15/6), Losoard's son, Richard, h
eld Rigsby from the Honour of Richmond, his descendants, the Nevilles of Pickhill, owing castle-guard at Richmond for Rigsby and Rolleston: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9797197 Early Yorkshire charters}{\insrsid12807907 , v. 153-57; }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9797197 Early Yorkshire families}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 66-67. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{
\insrsid12807907 (no. 2994)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  291.}
{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9797197 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \cbpat8 {\insrsid12807907 LUDI <OF ASHFORD>. Ludi is a rare name which occurs twice, once at Marston Stannett in Herefordshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
HEF 32,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  and once at Huntingdon in Shropshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,11,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Although the manors are modest, almost forty miles apart, and acquired by different tenants-in-chief, it is not unlikely they were held by one man. More certainly, the Shropshire Ludi 
is probably the same man as Lethi at Ashford Carbonnell, immediately adjacent to Huntingdon, though this was acquired by a third tenant-in-chief and the name is believed to be of different origin: von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid594897 
Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 319, 321. A
s Dr Lewis has observed, 'the likelihood that Ludi and Lethi were different men, bearing virtually unique but extraordinarily similar forenames, and holding adjoining manors, must be regarded as slim': 'Introduction to the Shropshire Domesday', p. 20. A L
odi - perhaps the same name as Ludi - who held a hide at Moulsoe in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid594897 14,45}}}{\insrsid12807907 , has no apparent connection.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid594897 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907 LUDO [* OF VRED *]. All Ludos in Domesday Book are probably one man. Both his manors in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 24,12;22}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and six of his eight in Devon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7016916 23,13;17-20;22}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , were held from Walter of Douai, a seventh being held 'wrongfully with }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid598998 Walter}{\insrsid12807907 's' land on the fief of Odo son of Gamalin}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 42,16}}}{\insrsid12807907 . His 
eighth manor, acquired by Gotshelm at Farway}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 25,23}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is ten miles south of a cluster of four of the other manors. Ludo is named in the Glastonbury cartulary Ludo }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7016916 de Utreto}{
\insrsid12807907 , which Dr Keats-Rohan suggests 'is perhaps poor orthography for Vred (Veretum)', nine miles east of Douai. Ludo's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 978)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  291.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7016916 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907 LUDRIC. Ludric is a rare name which occurs three times, in as many counties, as predecessors of as many tenants-in-chief.}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LUDRIC <OF }{\insrsid12807907 FULSCOT}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 
Ludric, whose respectable manor at Fulscot in Berkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13060977 BRK 49,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 was acquired by Roger son of Seifrid, has no links with either of his namesakes in Herefordshire or Warwickshire; but as the name is rare a connection cannot be excluded, though such dispersion of a modest estate would be unusual.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LUDRIC <OF HILLBOROUGH>. }{\insrsid12807907 Ludric, whose respectable manor at Hillborough in Warwickshire was acquired by Osbern son of Richard}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 37,5}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has no links with either of his namesakes in Berkshire or Herefordshire; but as the name is rare a connection cannot be excluded, though such dispersion of a modest estate would be unusual.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LUDRIC <OF YAZOR>. }{\insrsid12807907 Ludric, whose respectable manor at Yazor in Herefordshire was acquired by Roger of Lacy}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13060977 HEF 10,58}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , has no links with either of his namesakes in Berkshire or Warwickshire; but as the name is rare a connection cannot be excluded, though such dispersion of a modest estate would be unusual.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LUNEN}{\insrsid12807907 "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  <OF GLATTON>. }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14630650 Lunen}{\insrsid12807907 
 is a rare name which occurs twice, once as the tenant of the entire fief of Count Eustace in Huntingdonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HUN 9,1-4}}}{\insrsid12807907 , a second time as a tenant of the abbey of Ramsey at Great Gidding}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HUN 6,21}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, three miles from the substantial manor of Glatton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HUN 9,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, the centre of the Count's fief. Gidding and Glatton were in the hands of their tenants-in-chief again in the twelfth century, so their descent offers no guide to the identity of the Domesday tenants: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13060977 
VCH Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid12807907 , iii. 50, 141, 178, 218. As the name is rare and its distribution narrowly restricted}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , however, }{\insrsid12807907 it is }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
improbable there was more than one}{\insrsid12807907  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9654697 Lunen}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 3703)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1604828 292}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LU}{\insrsid12807907 STWIN}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  <OF }{\insrsid12807907 OTLEY}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 
The six Lustwins in Domesday Book are likely to be one man, who may be the father of Thorsten son of Wine, an East Anglian magnate whose widow Aelgyth (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8740210 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
) held several manors in Domesday bequeathed to her by her husband. A Lustwin named in Thorsten's will is possibly Thorsten's father, Wine being a short-form of Lustwin: Whitelock, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8740210 Anglo-Saxon wills}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 78-85, 197-99. It seems likely that he is related to the Domesday Lustwin, though whether he is Thorsten's father is uncertain. All his manors are in Suffolk, though none of them in the vills named in Thorsten's will, or nearby. 
There is little reason to doubt, however, that they are held by one man, though in the hands of four tenants-in-chief in 1086. All are in south-east Suffolk. Both the predecessors of Robert Malet}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 6,118;184}}}{\insrsid12807907  and }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid8740210 Humphrey the chamberlain}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 52,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  were under the patronage of E
dric of Laxfield, Roger of Poitou's under Wihtgar son of Aelfric (whose son witnessed Thorsten's will) and Ely abbey, which received several bequests in the will}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 8,12;66}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and declares Lustwin a 'friend of ours' in the Book of Ely: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8214004 Liber Eliensis}{\insrsid12807907  (ed. Fairweather),
 pp. 187-89. Robert Malet's predecessor also had associations with Ely, as did the sixth Lustwin, Roger Bigot's predecessor at Ringshall}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 7,56}}}{\insrsid12807907 .}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid8740210 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 MACCUS. }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid14309740 Maccus}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  is a rare name which occurs}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid14309740  }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
once in Cornwall, twice in Yorkshire and three times in Lincolnshire, as a predecessor of}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid14309740  four tenants-in-chief.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 MACCUS <OF COCKERINGTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 Maccus, whose manors at Cockerington, Cadeby and Kelstern in Lincolnshire were acquired by Alfred of Lincoln}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 27,25;27-29;33}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is probably the same man in each case. He is the only Maccus in the county and his manors form a tight cluster in 'Louthesk' wapentake. He has no links with his namesakes, though as the name is rare, he is possibly the Maccus at Preston in Holderness.

\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 MACCUS <OF FURSNEWTH>. }{\insrsid12807907 
Maccus, who held Fursnewth in Cornwall from the Canons of St }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4413280 Petroc}{\insrsid12807907  between 1066 and 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 4,17,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is the only survivor of this name. He has no links with his namesakes in northern England. His manor is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{
\insrsid12807907 (no. 1707)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  292.

\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 MACCUS <OF OUSEBURN>.}{\insrsid12807907  Maccus, whose manor of Ouseburn in Yorkshire was acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4413280 Maelcolumban}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 29W14}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has no links with his namesakes; but as the name is rare, he may be the same man as the Maccus at Preston and, if so, also the Lincolnshire Maccus.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4413280 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 MACCUS <OF PRESTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 Maccus, who shared the manor at Preston in Yorkshire acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4413280 Drogo of la Beuvri\'e8re}{\insrsid12807907  with seven other thanes}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
YKS 14E48}}}{\insrsid12807907 , has no links with his namesakes; but as the name is rare, he may be the same man as those in Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, his manor lying roughly midway between theirs.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 MAC}{\insrsid12807907 HEL" <OF COCKERMOUTH}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 The English lords with the obscure names of }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid5003666 Machel}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
 and }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid5003666 Machern}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  whose modest manors in Lancashire were acquired by Roger of Poitou}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 YKS 30W38-39}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
 are almost certainly the same man. Their names are otherwise unknown}{\insrsid12807907  }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 and their manors four miles apart: }{\insrsid12807907 von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12721020 Pre-Conquest personal names}{
\insrsid12807907 , p. 323}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 MAGNI. }{\insrsid12807907 
Magni is a rare forename which occurs three times. It may be the same name as Manni, another rare name, though the two are regarded as being distinct but 'occasionally ... confused' in Domesday: }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15150746 von Feilitzen, }{
\i\insrsid12807907 Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1604828 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1604828 . 323}{\insrsid12807907 -24.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 MAGNI <OF WARESLEY>. }{\insrsid12807907 Magni, whose shared manor at Waresley in Huntingdonshire was acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12659403 William son of Ansculf}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8869279 HUN 23,1}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , has no links with his namesake in Suffolk.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 MANASSEH [* THE COOK *]. }{\insrsid12807907 All men named Manasseh in Domesday Book are probably Manasseh the cook, so named in the Geld Roll for Brunsell Hundred in Dorset, where his manor of Stalbridge lay}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
DOR 3,6}}}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5780368 VCH Dorset}{\insrsid12807907 , iii. 141-42. It is likely that he died at about the date of the Geld Rolls and the Domesday Sur
vey since three manors in Somerset attributed to him in the Geld Roll for Somerset were held by his wife in Domesday Book}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 6,1. 46,24-25}}}{\insrsid12807907 : }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5780368 VCH Somerset}{\insrsid12807907 , i. 530-31. He is probably therefore the Manasseh who bought Bletchingdon in Oxfordshire without the king's permission 
but did not hold it in 1086, his son retaining a messuage in Oxford attached to Bletchingdon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF B9. 58,27}}}{\insrsid12807907 . No other Manassehs are recorded in Domesday Book. Manasseh's manors, with those of his wife and son, }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (nos. 1904, 992, 4744)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907 
 294-95, where it is suggested that he or his son may be the Manasseh Arsic who succeeded to the barony of Wadard of Cogges (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5780368 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
). If the identification suggested above is correct, as seems likely, Manasseh the cook died before Wadard so cannot be Manasseh Arsic; the name of the cook's son is unknown.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 MANFRED}{\insrsid12807907 . Manfred is a rare name which occurs six times, distributed among three counties as tenants on the fiefs of four tenants-in-chief.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 MANFRED <OF CHUBWORTHY>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, it is very probable that the Manfreds who held three manors in Somerset from William of Mohun}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 25,14;40;47}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are one man, who may also be the tenant of William the goat at Colebrook in Devon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 19,23}}}{\insrsid12807907 , twenty-five miles to the south; the one other Ma
nfred, over 200 miles away, is unlikely to be the same man. Manfred's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 
(no. 8110)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  293
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8869279 MANFRED}{\insrsid12807907  <OF THORPE>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8586377 .}{\insrsid12807907  As the name is rare, the tenant of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8869279 Ralph of Lim\'e9sy}{\insrsid12807907 
 at Thorpe and its dependency in Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 14,7-8}}}{\insrsid12807907  is probably also the tenant of Ilbert of Lacy in the adjacent vill of East Stoke}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 20,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 . His manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 8782)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  293.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 MA}{\insrsid12807907 N}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 NI. }{\insrsid12807907 Manni is a rare forename which occurs six times, seven if }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16737839 Manno}{\insrsid12807907  in Somerset}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SOM 25,22}}}{\insrsid12807907  is taken as the same name. It may be the same name as Magni, another rare name, though the two are regarded as being distinct but 'occasionally ... confused' in Domesday: }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15150746 von Feilitzen, }{
\i\insrsid12807907 Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1604828 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1604828 . 323}{\insrsid12807907 -24.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 MAN}{\insrsid12807907 NI}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 [* }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SWART}{\insrsid12807907  *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 
As his name is rare and occurs only in Suffolk, it is likely that the Manni who held the respectable manors of Mells and Yoxford acquired by Robert of Tosny}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 44,3-4}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 is Manni Swart, predecessor of Count Alan of Brittany on the substantial manors of Cowlinge and Bramfield}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 3,1;3}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Bramfield lies between Mells and Yoxford, a few miles from either. As 
the only Manni with demesne manors, Manni Swart is probably the overlord of an Ali on two Suffolk manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 7,19;54}}}{\insrsid12807907 . There are no other Mannis in Domesday Book unless }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16737839 Manno}{
\insrsid12807907  in Somerset be one}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 25,22}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; but as the name Magni is even rarer, Manni Swart is very probably the Magni Swart whose valuable manor of Chessington in Surrey was acquired by Miles Crispin}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUR 29,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 , particularly as the one other manor on Miles' fief was probably held by Manni's son, Ulf, Miles acquiring the fief by antecession. Ulf son of Manni (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6774475 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ) also held a m
anor alongside his father in Suffolk. Finally, he may be the one other Magni in East Anglia, who shared land worth eight shillings at Benhall in Suffolk with six other free men. The status of this holding suggests otherwise; but is was acquired by Magni S
wart's predecessor, Count Alan of Brittany}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8869279 SUF 3,101}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, and important pre-Conquest landowners are to be found elsewhere in East Anglia included by the scribe among groups of free men on small plots of a similar nature.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par MARTIN <OF WOUGHTON>. Martin is a rare name, borne by two tenants-in-chief on modest fiefs - a single manor at Woughton in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 47,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  and a fief in Lincolns
hire worth less than Woughton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 45,1-4}}}{\insrsid12807907 . A Martin also held one small pre-Conquest manor at Walgrave in Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 18,79}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. As Round observed, the tenancies-in-chief were 'probably' held by one man, despite the absence of 'even a common tenure by an English predeces
sor to account for his lands lying thus far apart': 'Domesday survey of Buckinghamshire', p. 215. It may be that the English lord of Walgrave is the link between them, Walgrave lying roughly a third of the distance from Woughton to the Lincolnshire manors
,
 in a straight line. If so, then Martin had prospered from humble beginnings. He was not succeeded by English descendants. By the date of Lindsey Survey, his manors were in the hands of magnates who were evidently not his direct descendants (2/4;11;18-19)
, as was Woughton when next recorded: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11615690 VCH Buckinghamshire}{\insrsid12807907 , iv. 515. Martin's tenancies-in-chief }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 1604)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  295-96.
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 MATILDA}{\insrsid12807907 . Apart from one reference to the queen's daughter Matilda}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 67,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  and a single tenant in Somerset
}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SOM 17,8}}}{\insrsid12807907 , only the Conqueror's wife bore this name after the Conquest; the name occurs on three pre-Conquest manors.
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907 [* }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 QUEEN}{\insrsid12807907  *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  MATILDA}{\insrsid12807907 . The numerous post-Conquest references to the queen, or the king's wife, refer t
he Conqueror's queen, Matilda, who died in 1083 though still represented in Domesday Book as holding a fief in Buckinghamshire and manors in several counties three years later. Queen Edith, the Confessor's wife, who died in 1075, appears never to be refer
red to simply as 'the queen' after 1066, her forename being supplied, though an entry in Lincolnshire is arguably ambiguous}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 68,24}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. As an intermediate landowner, Matilda's }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8129311 manors}{\insrsid12807907  are not included in the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13901277 Statistics}{\insrsid12807907  database; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3170127 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907  (no. 874) credits her with the escheated Buckinghamshire fief and 'premiums' paid to the queen in Bedfordshire, Warwickshire and Norfolk, referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  296-97.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 MAUGER. }{\insrsid12807907 Mauger}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888  is a fairly common }{\insrsid12807907 name which occurs}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888  more than }{\insrsid12807907 forty}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888  times, distributed}{\insrsid12807907  among thirteen counties between Devon and Yorkshire and the lands of fourteen tenants-in-chief, all borne by post-Conquest landowners. 
There is a cluster in Somerset and a smaller one in Essex.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 MAUGER <OF }{\insrsid12807907 ALVERTON}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 Mauger, who held a jurisdiction of Staunton[-in-the-Vale from William of Aincourt in Nottinghamshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NTT 11,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is the only Mauger in the county or on the Aincourt Honour. It is unlikely he held land elsewhere, his namesakes in the northern counties being identified with reasonable confidence. His manor is}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 8781)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 294.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9186619 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 MAUGER [* OF CARTERET *]. }{\insrsid12807907 As all Maugers in Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 26,34;60}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 1,12. 19,2-3;11;16-19}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6774475 
;48;59}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Devon are tenants of the Count of Mortain, who had no such tenants elsewhere on his extensive Honour, they are almost certainly one man, Mauger of Carteret, named by }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6717044 Exon.}{
\insrsid12807907  on the Count's fiefs at Donningstone in Devon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 15,57}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Clapton in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 19,68}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Mauger also held Barton St David in the county on his own account, where his byname is supplied}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 46,21}}}{\insrsid12807907 . He may have been the father of Drogo and Humphrey of Carteret (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6774475 q.v.}{
\insrsid12807907 ), important tenants in the south-western counties. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 612)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  293.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 MAUGER <OF }{\insrsid12807907 EDLINGTON}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 The six Maugers in Yorkshire are almost certainly one man. Five are tenants of William of Percy}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YK
S }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9186619 13W2-4;8-9}}}{\insrsid12807907 , their lands later forming part of the Vavasour fee on the Percy Honour: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9186619 Early Yorkshire charters}{\insrsid12807907 , xi. 118-37; }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9186619 Early Yorkshire }{\i\insrsid12807907 families}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 95. The fee included a tenancy in Hess
le (in the West Riding) held from the Lacy Honour, Ilbert of Lacy's tenant at Hessle in 1086 being the sixth Mauger in the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 9W53}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Hessle was probably granted to Ilbert because it was in the heart of his Honour of Pontefract, where no other lay tenant-in-chief held land. Neither Ilbert or William of Percy had other Maugers on their Honours. Mauger's manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 4629)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 294.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9186619 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 MAUGER}{\insrsid12807907  <OF GOSBERTON>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 
As the tenants of the bishop of Lincoln at Grayingham, Messingham, Wyham and Gosberton Cheal in Lincolnshire are the only Maugers in the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 7,16-17;24-25;34-37}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, they are probably one man; the bishop had no Maugers among his tenants elsewhere. Mauger was succeeded by his son Richard at Grayingham by the date of the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10317099 Lindsey Survey}{\insrsid12807907 
, Messingham and Wyham being apparently without tenants (1/11. 4/4. 10/2); the tenancies were in several different hands by the thirteenth century: }{\i\insrsid12807907 Book of Fees,}{\insrsid12807907  pp. 194, 1075. Mauger's manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 2997)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 294.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 MAUGER <OF ILKESTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 It is all but certain that the Maugers who held the substantial manor of Ilkeston and the adjacent manor of Shipley in Derbyshire from Gilbert of Ghent}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
DBY 13,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907  are one man. The two manors form G
ilbert's entire fief and there are no other Maugers in Derbyshire; Gilbert had no other Maugers on his Honour. Mauger is presumably the man who granted land at Reighton in East Yorkshire to Gilbert's foundation of Bridlington priory, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12534961 c}{\insrsid12807907 . 1114: }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 Regesta}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid3807947 , }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 iii. }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid3807947 no. }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
119. According to evidence cited by Dr }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid11352544 Keats-Rohan}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 , his heir was probably his daughter, Emma, who married into the Tison family: }{\i\insrsid12807907 Early Yorkshire charters}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907 , xii. 4-8. His}{\insrsid12807907  manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 2989)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 294.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 MEREWIN. }{\insrsid12807907 Merewin is a rare name which occurs}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 on seven}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 manors,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 distributed among the lands of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 as many tenants-in-chief and five counties between Surrey and Yorkshire.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid12329916 MEREWIN <OF BAYSHAM>. }{\insrsid12807907 As}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12329916  the name}{\insrsid12807907  is rare}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12329916 , the Merewin}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12329916  at Baysham and Mathon in Herefordshire }{\insrsid12807907 may be}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12329916  }{\insrsid12807907 one man}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12329916 , described as Earl Oda's thane }{\insrsid12807907 at }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12329916 Mathon}{\insrsid12807907 , acquired by Roger of Lacy}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF
}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12329916  }{\insrsid12807907 1,54. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12329916 10,39}}}{\insrsid12807907 . On similar grounds, he is possibly the Merewin at Hillmorton in Warwickshire; but there are no links to confirm this}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12329916 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 MEREWIN <OF FYLING>. }{\insrsid12807907 
Merewin, whose small holding at Fyling in Yorkshire was acquired by William of Percy}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid684667 13N1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , has no links with his namesakes, all of whom are remote.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 MEREWIN <OF HASLINGFIELD>. }{\insrsid12807907 Merewin, whose tiny holding of twelve acres at Haslingfield in Cambridgeshire was acquired by Count Alan of Brittany}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 14,38}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has no links with his namesakes, none of whom hold land in adjacent counties.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 MEREWIN <OF HILLMORTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 As}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12329916  the name}{\insrsid12807907  is rare}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12329916 , the Merewin}{\insrsid12807907 s}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12329916  at }{\insrsid12807907 Hillmorton and Grafton in Warwickshire may be}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12329916  }{\insrsid12807907 
one man, particularly as he shared both with a Scroti, an even rarer name, found only in Warwickshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 16,35. 37,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 . He is the on
ly surviving Merewin, finding refuge on the fief of the Count of Meulan, like many other Englishmen. It is just possible that he is the same man as the Merewin at Baysham in Herefordshire; but there are no links to confirm this}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12329916 .}{\insrsid12807907  He is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 28307).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 MEREWIN <OF THORNCROFT>. }{\insrsid12807907 Merewin, whose hide and plough at Thorncroft in Surrey were acquired by Richard of Tonbridge}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUR 19,39}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is the only Merewin south of the Thames; he has no links with his distant namesakes.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 MERLESWEIN [* THE SHERIFF *]. }{\insrsid12807907 It is probable that all Merlesweins in Domesday Book are one man, Merleswein the sheriff. He is named}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8087560  }{\insrsid12807907 as }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid8087560 sheriff}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8087560 CW12}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8087560  and }{\insrsid12807907 a designated predecessor of Ralph Paynel in the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11211934 Claims}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid8087560  for Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8087560 CK}{\insrsid12807907 5;31}}}{\insrsid12807907 , those for Yorkshire also implying that he is Ralph's recognised predecessor}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid16339246 CW38}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8087560 . }{\insrsid12807907 As he is n}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8087560 amed sheriff in the Lincolnshire folios}{\insrsid12807907 , he is usually assumed to be}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid8087560  sheriff of }{\insrsid12807907 that county}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8087560 , }{\insrsid12807907 though}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8087560 
 it would make more sense if he were sheriff of Yorkshire, where the political weight of a magnate-sheriff }{\insrsid12807907 was}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8087560  needed}{\insrsid12807907 
; if so, he was followed in that post by his successor Ralph Paynel: Green, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10295456 English sheriffs}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 89}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8087560 . }{\insrsid12807907 
He was one of only five magnates who had full jurisdiction, market rights and all customary dues in the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS C36}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; and a}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8087560  late tradition states that }{\insrsid12807907 he}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid8087560  was given an official position in the north by Harold in the aftermath of Stamford Bridge: Walker, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8087560 Harold}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8087560 , p. 142.
\par \tab Merleswein }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8087560  }{\insrsid12807907 a}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8087560  classic case of an }{\insrsid12807907 English lord}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8087560 
 supplying title to a Norman baron. Virtual}{\insrsid12807907 ly the entire Honour of Ralph Pay}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8087560 nel came from }{\insrsid12807907 him: all Ralph's land in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 31,1-5}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Devon}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
DEV 32,1-10}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Gloucestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 44,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Yorkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 16E1-5. 16N1-2. 16W1-6}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN C5. 35,1-17}}}{\insrsid12807907 . The few }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid8087560 apparent exceptions }{\insrsid12807907 can be}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8087560  explained. Ralph's }{\insrsid12807907 manor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8087560  at Sandburn}{\insrsid12807907  in Yorkshire}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid8087560  was illegally acquired according to the Canons of York}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS C25}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8087560 , }{\insrsid12807907 as was Burton-le-Coggles
 in Lincolnshire, previously held by Earl Morcar according to the Lincolnshire Claims}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11211934 LIN }{\insrsid12807907 35,13. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11211934 CK5}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid8087560 while those at Broughton and Scawby}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 35,2;16}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8087560 
, previously held by Grimkel, had in fact been in Merleswein's possession in 1066, granted to him by Grimkel in an attempt to evade forfeiture}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN CW12}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8087560 . Ralph's }{
\insrsid12807907 one}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8087560  other }{\insrsid12807907 manor,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8087560  at East Carlton }{\insrsid12807907 in Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 31,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8087560 
, where his predecessor was a Thorkil}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8087560  may }{\insrsid12807907 be}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8087560  the exception proving the rule; but it is also possible that Merleswein was Thorkil}{
\insrsid12807907 's unnamed }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8087560 overlord, overlord}{\insrsid12807907 s }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8087560 not normally being recorded in the circuit in which Northamptonshire lay.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \cbpat8 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid8087560 \tab Th}{\insrsid12807907 ose}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8087560  }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid8087560  of Merleswein which did not devolv}{\insrsid12807907 e upon Ralph Pay}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8087560 nel were those which intruded into the territorial blocks allocated to others: the Count of Mortain's Cornish fiefdom
}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
CON }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11211934 5,1,1-2;10. 5,2,18. 5,3,20;24. 5,4,5. 5,17,4. 5,24,4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8087560 , Count Alan's honour of Richmond}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 6N151}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8087560 
, the royal manor of South Petherton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 1,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and Walter of Douai's fief in north Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 24,21-23;29}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, east of the river Parrett, the Paynel manors lying to the west}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8087560 . }{\insrsid12807907 T}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8087560 here is }{\insrsid12807907 little}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8087560  reaso}{\insrsid12807907 
n to doubt that these too were held by the sheriff rather than other well-endowed Merlesweins, all apart from the Cornish manors lying in counties in which the sheriff had a significant presence. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 A list of }{
\insrsid12807907 his}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  manor}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11564255 English nobility}{\i\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 pp. }
{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8087560 322-24, }{\insrsid12807907 which}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8087560  }{\insrsid12807907 does not include Tarlton in Gloucestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 44,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  Pillaton in Cornwall}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid8087560 CON}{\insrsid12807907  5,2,18}}}{\insrsid12807907  or others without valuations. Dr Clarke ranks him eighteenth in wealth among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 the nobility, eighth among}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 untitled laymen; the additional manors would raise him one place in each case.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 MILES}{\insrsid12807907 
. Although Miles is a common name, it is very rare in the sense that it was borne by a small numbers of individuals, possibly only three, the few who are unidentified probably being one of the three accorded bynames; all are post-Conquest landowners.

\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 MILES [* CRISPIN *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Miles, who held twenty messuages in Wallingford, is identified as Miles Crispin by their dependence on his manor of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 Newnham Murren }{
\insrsid12807907 in Oxfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK B2. OXF 35,11}}}{\insrsid12807907 . He is probably also the Miles on an anonymous manor in Kingsclere Hundred in Hampshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1451429 HAM 69,40}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , identified by his relationship with Wigot of Wallingford (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10168797 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ), whose granddaughter and heiress he probably married: Sanders, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10168797 
English baronies}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10168797 , p. 93. Miles was lord of Wallingford, sometimes named Miles of Wallingford: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10168797 Historia Ecclesie Abbendonensis}{\insrsid12807907 , ii. 16-19. He may also have been
 known as Miles Molay, the reference to whose lands in Wallingford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK B8}}}{\insrsid12807907  may refer to his messuages attached to }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 Newnham Murren}{\insrsid12807907 
. Dr Keats-Rohan, however, suggests that Molay may be another man, whose family occurs in Wallingford records in the twelfth century (no reference supplied). Miles' manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 168)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  297-98; that of Molay separately (no. 369).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 MILES [* DE }{\insrsid12807907 "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BELEFOL}{\insrsid12807907 "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  *]. }{\insrsid12807907 
As the name is rare, it likely that the tenants of Roger of Rames at Stonham Aspal and Coddenham in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 38,6;19-20}}}{\insrsid12807907  are Miles }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10702550 de Belefol}{\insrsid12807907 , Roger's tenant at Otley}
{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SU
F 38,25}}}{\insrsid12807907 . There are no other men of this name in eastern England or on Roger's Honour. Miles' manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907 
 (no. 424)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  298.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 MORCAR. }{\insrsid12807907 
The name Morcar occurs frequently but is rare in the sense that it was probably borne by no more than half-a-dozen individuals. As all unidentified Morcars occur in Mercian counties, it is likely that the majority were Earl Morcar.
 Survivors held four manors, three in Buckinghamshire and one Yorkshire.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 [* EARL *] MORCAR. }{\insrsid12807907 In the Midlands, the manors of Morcar at Saltby in Leicestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 18,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Alfreton in Derbyshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
DBY 16,7}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Gunthorpe and Elton in Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 9,74-75;110}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 were acquired by Roger of Bully and probably therefore from a single predecessor, likely to be the earl in view the substantial scale of Saltby (\'a39) and Gunthope (\'a315). He may also be the Morcar at Newbound}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 10,18-19}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. This devolved upon William Peverel; but since he had a block grant of most of Broxtowe wapentake, the tenurial factor is probably not significant: Fleming, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9974953 Kings and lords}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 148. Neither
 Bully or Peverel had other Morcars on their Honours. The son of Aelfeva at Warkton in Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 8,13}}}{\insrsid12807907  is almost certainly the earl; another Morcar with a mother of that name is improbable.
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10168797 
The majority of unidentified Morcars occur in Lincolnshire and Yorkshire. In Yorkshire,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15270697  }{\insrsid12807907 where Morcar is never accorded his title, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15270697 there can be }{\insrsid12807907 
little}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15270697  doubt that }{\insrsid12807907 he}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15270697  held the royal manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 1Y1;4;6-11;14}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and had 'full jurisdiction, market rights and all customary dues' in the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS C36}}}{\insrsid12807907 . He is almost certainly the Morcar whose manors were acquired}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15270697  }{
\insrsid12807907 by}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15270697  Drogo of la Beuvri\'e8re}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 14E2;4-7;9-10}}}{\insrsid12807907 , some of their valuations - \'a3
56 - implying royal or comital origins. Similar considerations apply to those acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15270697 the }{\insrsid12807907 bishop of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15270697  Durham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 3,1-3;8}}}{\insrsid12807907  and,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid15270697  less certainly, }{\insrsid12807907 to those of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15270697 Count Alan of Brittany}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS C28;30;32-33. 6N162. 6W2;5-6. 6E1}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid15270697 . }{\insrsid12807907 T}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15270697 he remain}{\insrsid12807907 der}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15270697  were }{\insrsid12807907 dependencies}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15270697  of these }{
\insrsid12807907 manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 5E6;16;33;37. 11E6-9. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid684667 13E6}{\insrsid12807907 . 26E3. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid684667 29E4}}}{\insrsid12807907 , a}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15270697 part fr}{\insrsid12807907 
om those allocated to Morcar of Smeaton.
\par \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15270697 In Lincolnshire}{\insrsid12807907 , the Morcar who received the third penny is evidently the earl}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11668315 LIN T3}}}{
\insrsid12807907 . As in Yorkshire, the bulk of his manors were retained by the king, or devolved upon the bishop of Durham and Drogo of la Beuvri\'e8
re. For the most part, his title is supplied; but where it is not, the status of such manors as Wellingore, Carlton, Bytham and others}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 1,6. 3,31. 30,25;27;29-30. CK50}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 suggest the earl, and it is in any case highly improbable that either the bishop or Drogo had two predecessors with this rare name. Two other tenants-in-chief acquired manors from a Morcar, Alfred of Lincoln}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 27,3-6;57}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and Countess Judith}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 56,9-10}}}{\insrsid12807907 . The status of Judith's manor suggests the earl, while those of Alfred cluster just a few miles to the east of the earl's manors of Keelby, Limber and Habrough and his large manor of Caistor}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
LIN 1,65;67;77-78}}}{\insrsid12807907 . The Lincolnshire Claims record a conflict of interest between Drogo and Alfred involving Morcar}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9974953 LIN CN5}}}{
\insrsid12807907 ; and the will of Ulf and Madselin reveals that all three tenants-in-chief had an interest in Ulf's estate, both circumstances consistent with the predecessors of Drogo and Alfred being the same man: }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 
Whitelock, }{\i\insrsid12807907 Anglo-Saxon wills}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15270697 ,}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15270697 no. 39, pp. 95-97;207-12}{\insrsid12807907 
. Ulf's will reveals that Countess Judith also had an interest in his estate, though not in its Lincolnshire manors.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9974953 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 A list of the manor}{
\insrsid12807907 s of the earl and his men}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11564255 English nobility}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 , pp. }{\insrsid12807907 
215-17, which does not include Dorney in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 23,2}}}{\insrsid12807907  or the manors of Count Alan here attributed to Earl Morcar. Morcar is ranke
d second in wealth among the nobility by Dr Clarke; the additional manors would not affect this. Baxter, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 Earls of Mercia}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 129, lists other estimates of his manorial income, his own being considerably higher than others; the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid344998 Statistics}{\insrsid12807907  database total (\'a3987) is closer to that of Dr Clarke. Edwin}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid8874256  was the son of }{\insrsid12807907 Earl Algar (d. }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5638618 c.}{\i\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907 1062) and brother of Earl Edwin (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10831563 q.v.}{
\insrsid12807907 ); his career is documented by Dr Baxter (pp. 48-57).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 MORCAR <OF BURSTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, the two free men of Edric of Laxfield at Burston in Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 7,10}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Burgate in Suffolk}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUF 7,77}}}{\insrsid12807907  are probably the same Morcar; the vills are some seven miles apart. He has no links with other Morcars outside East Anglia.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 MORCAR <OF CLIFTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 
As the name is rare, it is likely that the Buckinghamshire tenants of the bishop of Coutances at Clifton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 5,18}}}{\insrsid12807907  and of Countess Judith at Hardmead and Broughton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 53,9-10}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are one man. Clifton Reynes and Hardmead are four miles apart, and no other Morcar south of Yorkshire held land in 1086. He may also be Morcar, Earl Harold's man, who preceded }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14968879 Urso of Berch\'e8re}{\insrsid12807907 
s at Shenley}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 Brook End}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 45,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and the overlord of a man with half a hide at Woughton}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 
on the Green}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 12,31}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Woughton is two miles from Broughton and four from Shenley. Earl Morcar was an overlord in the county, his man, Aldred, holding Dorney}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14968879 BUK 23,2}}}{
\insrsid12807907 ; but Dorney is at the other end of the county. Morcar's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 
(no. 1899)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  298.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 MORCAR <OF }{\insrsid12807907 ROWTON}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >.}{\insrsid12807907  Morcar, who shared Rowton in Shropshire with another lord in 1066}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,27,26}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has no links with his namesakes. He is the only Morcar in Shropshire and adjacent counties not identified in the text as the earl.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 MORCAR <OF SMEATON>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, the Morcars who held two manors at Smeaton in Yorkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 9W47-48}}}{\insrsid12807907  as
 predecessor and subtenant of Ilbert of Lacy, and shared both with an Ulfkil, are very probably one man. On similar grounds, he is may be the Morcar who preceded Richard of Sourdeval on a cluster of manors at Treeton, Wales, Ulley and Brampton}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
YKS 5W20;23-25}}}{\insrsid12807907 , the first and last of which he also shared with an Ulfkil. Apart from the earl, no other Morcar held land within forty miles. He is not recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907 
, where the manor is assigned to the tenant, Robert, rather than the subtenants.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 MORIN}{\insrsid12807907 . Morin is a rare name which occurs in four counties on the lands of the king and six of his tenants-in-chief, probably borne by no more than
 that number of individuals, all post-Conquest landowners.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 MORIN [* OF CAEN *]. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, the Morins who held Stedcombe, Wilmington and 'Beer' in Devon from Baldwin the sheriff}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 16,169;173-174}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, and Leonard among the king's servants}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 51,14}}}{\insrsid12807907 , are probably Morin of Caen, named in the Geld Roll as owing tax in two of the three Hundreds in which the manors lay: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9125380 
Devonshire Domesday}{\insrsid12807907 , i. pp. xxxi, xxxiv. There are no other Morins in the south-western counties of circuit two. Morin's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 1778)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  299.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 MUNDRED [* THE SHERIFF *]. }{\insrsid12807907 All eight Mundreds in Domesday may be one man, who was probably the sheriff of Earl Hugh of Chester, since he held the city of Chester from him 'for \'a370 and 1 g
old mark. He also had all the Earl's pleas in the County and the Hundreds, except Englefield, at a revenue of \'a350 and 1 gold mark'}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS C24}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. He was the earl's tenant at Eastham, Upton and Bartington in Cheshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 1,22;34. 26,3}}}{\insrsid12807907  and on two manors in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 4,30-31}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and very likely his s
ubtenant - tenant of Robert son of Hugh - at Chowley}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 2,13}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Probably, though less certainly, he held a hide at Ellesmere in Shropshire alongside a fellow sheriff, Reginald}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,1,19}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Ellesmere, like Eastham, Upton, and presumably the city of Chester, had been held by Earl Edwin. Mundred's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907 
 (no. 3829)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 299, apart from the Suffolk manors, assigned to another man (no. 2031).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par MURDOCH}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16464841 . }{\insrsid12807907 Murdoch is a rare name which occurs five times, once in Sussex in 1086, four times in Yorkshire in 1066.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par MURDOCH <OF ALDINGBOURNE>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16464841 . }{\insrsid12807907 Murdoch, a man-at-arms of the bishop of Chichester, is the only Murdoch in southern England}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 3,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
; he was presumably an Englishman though unlikely to be the same man as his distant Yorkshire namesake. He is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1727758 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 15655).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par MURDOCH <OF HILSTON>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16464841 . }{\insrsid12807907 As t}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16464841 he name }{\insrsid12807907 is rare, the fo
ur Yorkshire Murdochs are probably one man. His manors of Hilston, Catwick and Roos in Holderness were acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid133861 Drogo of la Beuvri\'e8re}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 14E3;34;53}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, and his three messuages in York by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid133861 Gilbert Maminot}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid133861 YKS C14}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Although he held nothing in 1086 according to Domesday Book, he 
or a descendant probably survived like many other Englishmen on a lower rung of the tenurial scale, his name being borne by a family 'of some importance' in the following century: Farrer, 'Domesday survey of Yorkshire', p. 171.}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid133861 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16464841 NICHOLAS. Nicholas is }{\insrsid12807907 an }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16464841 uncommon}{\insrsid12807907  name which occurs on two fiefs and eleven manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 , distributed among }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid16464841 nine counties}{\insrsid12807907  and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16464841  on the lands of the king}{\insrsid12807907  and four of his tenants-in-chief, perhaps borne by half-a-dozen men, all post-Conquest landowners.

\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 NICHOLAS <OF HANNEY>. Nicholas}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held a hide from Abingdon }{\insrsid12807907 abbey}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  at Hanney in Berkshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
BRK 7,22}}}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 does not appear among }{\insrsid12807907 the list}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  of the abbey's knights}{\insrsid12807907 
; he has no links with his namesakes elsewhere. His manor is recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 1869)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in 
}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  300.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 NICHOLAS [* OF KENNETT *]. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is uncommon,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  tenants }{\insrsid12807907 
of William of Warenne at Kennett}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in Cambridgeshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 18,8}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and }{\insrsid12807907 Elveden, Herringswell and Tunstall in }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SUF 2}{\insrsid12807907 6,3-4;6}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  are probably Nicholas of Kennett}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{
\insrsid12807907 named as }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 a juror in Staploe Hundred in the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis}{\insrsid12807907  (ed. Hamilton,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  pp. 1, 97)}{
\insrsid12807907 . He is the only Nicholas in eastern England}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907  (no. 1613)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 300, where he is confused with the tenant of Alfred of Marlborough at Kennett in Wiltshire.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 NICHOLAS <OF STAFFORD>. }{\insrsid12807907 Nicholas, who }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 claimed to farm Thorpe in Staffordshire as part of the royal manor of Clifton Campville}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 16,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, may be the sheriff of the county, named as }{\i\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 N. de Estafford}{\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 a writ of William Rufus}{\insrsid12807907 , perhaps the Nicholas the sheriff named in a case by Burton abbey against his descendant, Stephen of Beauchamp: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 Regesta}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , i. no. 456}{
\insrsid12807907 ; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16464841 Burton cartulary}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 8-10; Green, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4661554 English sheriffs}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 75. He is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 
recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 3621)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  300-301, where he is assigned the Warwickshire manors of Countess Godiva farmed by Nicholas, here assigned to Nicholas the bowman.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 NICHOLAS [* THE BOWMAN *]. Nicholas}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who farmed the escheated fief of Countess Godiva in Warwickshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WAR 15}{\insrsid12807907 
,1-6}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  may be Nicholas the bowman, a tenant-in-chief in the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WAR }{\insrsid12807907 
B2. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 40}{\insrsid12807907 ,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\insrsid12807907 as suggested by Lennard: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Rural England}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 144}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Nicholas was also a tenant-in-chief in Devon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 DEV 48}{\insrsid12807907 ,1-12}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and}{\insrsid12807907 
, as the name is uncommon,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 may be}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the }{\insrsid12807907 tenant of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Alfred of Marlborough}{\insrsid12807907  at Kennett}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 34,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and }{\insrsid12807907 Chelwood in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WIL }{\insrsid12807907 26}
{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ,}{\insrsid12807907 21}}}{\insrsid12807907 ;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the}{\insrsid12807907 ir}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  descent }{\insrsid12807907 has not been traced: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VCH Wiltshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , xii. 91. }{\insrsid12807907 It appears from the cartulary of St Peter's, Gloucester, that he was also known as Nicholas de la Pole: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5244527 
Historia}{\i\insrsid12807907  ... }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5244527 Gloucestriae}{\insrsid12807907 , i. 74; Round, 'Domesday survey of Warwickshire', p. 280. His manors are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 126)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907 , p}
{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  300, apart from those of Godiva, assigned to Nicholas of Stafford.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 NIGEL [* FOSSARD *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Of the 128 manors which the Count of Mor
tain subinfeudated in Yorkshire, 126 were granted to men with two forenames, Richard and Nigel, the majority to Nigel, too numerous to list here. Nigel is evidently Nigel Fossard, named once in York and in several entries in the Yorkshire Claims which con
nect him to manors he held from the Count}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS C5. CN5. CE10;13;18. CW11}}}{\insrsid12807907 , later documentation identifying a number of others: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15036996 Early Yorkshire charters}{\insrsid12807907 
, ii. 325-426. He is probably the one other unidentified Nigel in Yorkshire, who held six carucates from the bishop of Durham in a dependency of Welton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15036996 3Y8}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , where he held several other dependencies from the Count: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15036996 Early Yorkshire charters}{\insrsid12807907 
, ii. 297. Nigel's tenancy became a tenancy-in-chief in 1088, later known as the barony of Mulgrave: Sanders, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15036996 English baronies}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 66-67. The Count of Mortai
n had tenants named Nigel on a small fief in Cornwall and single manors in Northamptonshire and Suffolk. His Northamptonshire tenant appears to have no discernible links with Fossard; and although those in Cornwall and Suffolk are the only Nigels in those
 counties, neither do they, though the possibility cannot be excluded}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Nigel's manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 2458) and referenced in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 302-303}{\insrsid12807907 ; the Cornish tenant is identified as another man (no. 230); the Northamptonshire tenant is u
nidentified (no. 27130); and the Suffolk subtenant is not included in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4661554 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 NIGEL [* OF AUBIGNY *]. The Nigel}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held Austrey }{\insrsid12807907 in Warwickshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 19,6}}}{\insrsid12807907  }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 and Catton in Derbyshire}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 from Henry of Ferrers}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 6,17}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{
\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 almost certainly}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Nigel of Aubigny}{\insrsid12807907 , who married Henry's daughter, Amice; he }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 held }{
\insrsid12807907 land in Austrey in chief}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 41,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 and he and Amice granted the tithes of Catton to the Ferrers' foundation of Tutbury priory:}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Cartulary of }{\i\insrsid12807907 Tutbury priory}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 64-65}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15864729 . }{\insrsid12807907 
He may also be Henry's tenant at Swepstone in Leicestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 14,23}}}{\insrsid12807907 , where his son held two carucates which belonged to its assessment in the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid337891 Leicestershire Survey}{\insrsid12807907 
 (p. 19). Dr Keats-Rohan suggests he is Henry's tenant at Wallingford and on the valuable manor of Willington in Berkshire, and the tenant of Stephen son of Erhard at Padworth}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK B1. 21,8. 64,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Nigel had alienated his one manor in the county to St Albans abbey}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 12,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; but his son, Henry of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15036996 Aubigny, retained an interest there,}{
\insrsid12807907  granting land in Bedfordshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15036996  to Abingdon abbey: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15036996 Historia Ecclesie Abbendonensis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15036996 , ii. 146-49}{\insrsid12807907 
. Stephen son of Erhard (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15036996 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ) may be Nigel's tenant in Bedfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 24,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. The reversal of roles of tenant and tenant-in-chief between the two counties is odd; but as these are the only Nigels in Berkshire or Stephens in Bedfordshire, an even odder coincidence is involved if these are different Nigels and Stephens. }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Nigel's manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 12) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, p. 301, apart from Swepstone}{\insrsid12807907 , attributed to Nigel of Stafford, and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Austrey, whose tenant is unidentified (no. 28442).}{\insrsid12807907  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1451429 Coel}{\insrsid12807907 
 adds }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Linton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 LEC 14,34}}}{\insrsid12807907 , here attributed to Nigel of Stafford.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 NIGEL [* OF BURCY *]. Nigel}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held a small fief from Earl Hugh in Cheshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 CHS 25}{\insrsid12807907 
,1-3}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 almost certainly }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Nigel of Burcy, }{\insrsid12807907 
who granted the tithes of two of his manors to St Werburgh's abbey: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Charters of the Anglo-Norman }{\i\insrsid12807907 e}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 arls of Chester}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 41-42}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . He may also be the Nigel who held part of Salford from Roger of Poitou}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS R5,6}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , the only other Nigel in Cheshire. As the descent of his }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  appears to have been disrupted, this cannot be verified}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907 Charters}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 51}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Neither
 the earl or Roger of Poitou had other tenants of th}{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  name elsewhere.}{\insrsid12807907  Nigel's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 3482)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  301, apart from Salford, whose tenant is unidentified (no. 29184).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 NIGEL [* OF GOURNA}{\insrsid12807907 Y}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Nigels who held Farmborough, Clewer, Backwell and Keyford in Somerset from the bishop of Coutances}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SOM 5,18-19;30;55}}}{\insrsid12807907  are probably Nigel of Gournay, named in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6717044 Exon.}{\insrsid12807907  as the bishop's tenant at Barrow, Swainswick, Englishcombe and Twerton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 5,32;38;44-45}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Farmborough and Barrow were acquired from an Edric; Clewer and Backwell shared with a Fulcran. The bishop had no tenants named Nigel in other counties, and only one tenant-in-chief in Somerset had an unidentified Nigel among his tenants. Nigel's manors 
}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 1680)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  301-302.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 NIGEL [* OF STAFFORD *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Nigels who held }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2309667 Windeseres}{\insrsid12807907  and Linton in Leicestershire from Henry of Ferrers}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 14,30;34}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are almost certainly Nigel of Stafford; the manors were held by his son, William of Gresley, in the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2309667 Leicestershire Survey}{\insrsid12807907  (p. 46). He is possibly also the Nigel who held Twycross from Henry}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
LEC 14,10}}}{\insrsid12807907 , not included in the Survey. The descent of his manors identifies him as the tenant of the bishop of Chester at Wolseley, Moreton and Tamhorn in Staffordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 2,7;18;22}}}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907 
Liber Niger Scaccari Staffordscira}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 153. He may also be bishop's tenant at Hixon, Coley and Drointon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 2,6;17;19}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, a few miles from Wolseley and Moreton, as the bishop had no tenants of this name elsewhere on his small Honour, which support only a handful of tenants. Nigel's tenure of Morton suggests he is the Nigel with a small fief in Staffordshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
STS 16,1-3}}}{\insrsid12807907 , one of whose manors was in Moreton. If so, then he is probably the tenant of Ralph son of Hubert at Kingsley, another of the manors on his small fief lying in that vill, both acquired from the same pre-Conquest lord}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
STS 15,2. 16,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Finally, he may be the tenant of Richard the forester at Thursfield, Whitmore, Hanford and Clayton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 13,1-2;4;6}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. The latter three manors were probably held by one man as they were subsequently in the hands of the family which held Knutton, responsible for castle-guard at Newcastle-under-Lyme: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2309667 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 143, 593. This was later held by Henry of Audley, who married one of the heiresses of Nigel of Stafford's grandson, Ingenulf; the manor of Newcastle-under-Lyme then included Clayton and Thursfield: Eyton, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10450785 
Domesday studies: Staffordshire}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 51, 80-82, 87-89. In 1215, the manor of Newcastle was given by King John to the earl of Chester, who granted rents in Thursfield and other vills owing castle-guard to Henry of Audley: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Charters of the Anglo-Norman }{\i\insrsid12807907 e}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 arls of Chester}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 393-94; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2309667 Book of Fee}{\insrsid12807907 
s, pp. 594, 1285; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14308212 VCH Staffordshire}{\insrsid12807907 , viii. 184. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Nigel's manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 (no. 2776) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 302}{\insrsid12807907 , apart from Linton, attributed to Nigel of Aubigny, but with the addition of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Swepstone}{\insrsid12807907 , here attributed to Aubigny}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 NIGEL <OF WIVENHOE>. The Nigel}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who }{\insrsid12807907 held an anonymous holding in Middlesex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab MDX 14,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and Wivenhoe, Stapleford and Dickley in Essex from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Robert Gernon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 32,25;27;39}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 may be}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 
one man. The Essex manors were in the hands of two families in the thirteenth century; but the Honour escheated in the interval and was re-granted by Henry I: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VCH Essex}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , iv. }{
\insrsid12807907 227}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ; x. 281}{\insrsid12807907 ; }{\i\insrsid12807907 Book of Fees,}{\insrsid12807907 
 p. 608. Only two other tenants-in-chief had tenants named Nigel in the two counties, and Dr Keats-Rohan suggests that the tenant of one of these, Hugh de Montfort, may also be the same man; his manor of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid347556 Markshall}{
\insrsid12807907  is in the Hundred of Lexden, where Wivenhoe lay. Nigels are uncommon in this region: only two other tenants-in-chief had such tenants in the neighbouring counties of East Anglia, Cambridgeshire or Hertfordshire, and Robert Gerno
n had none elsewhere. Nigel's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 2112)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  304.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 NIGEL <OF }{\insrsid12807907 WORTHYVALE}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 Nigel, who held a fief from the Count of Mortain in Cornwall}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 5,6,1-10}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is probably the Nigel who held a virgate in Lancarffe from St Petroc's according to }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1722342 Exon}{\insrsid12807907 .}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 4,22}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, perhaps a duplicate of the virgate he held '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1722342 of the Honour of}{\insrsid12807907  St Petroc's' on his fief}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 5,6,6}}}{\insrsid12807907 
; he is the only Nigel in the county, with no links to the Nigels who held from the Count in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1797254 Northamptonshire, Yorkshire }{\insrsid12807907 or}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1797254 
 Suffolk. His manors were later held by the Boterel family: }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid1797254 VCH Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid1797254 , ii. part 8, p. 58. They}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1797254  are recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1797254 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1797254  (no. 230) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1797254 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1797254 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  p.}{\insrsid12807907  303.

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \cbpat8 {\cf1\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 NIGEL [* THE DOCTOR *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Nigel, who held a small fief from Earl Roger of Shrewsbury in Shropshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SHR 4,24,1-4}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is probably Nigel the doctor, who also held a fief from the king and the manor of Bromfield from St Mary's of Bromfield in the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 3d,6. 9,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907 : Eyton, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12263521 Antiquities of Shropshire}{\insrsid12807907 , x. 1-2. He was a tenant-in-chief in three other counti
es and a tenant in several more. No other Nigels are recorded in Shropshire, Herefordshire or Worcestershire, and those in the two other adjacent counties of Cheshire and Staffordshire are identified as Nigel of Burcy and Nigel of Stafford respectively. N
igel is probably also Earl Roger's tenant in the New Forest}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4420164 NF3,3;5;11;14-16}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Hampshire being one of the other counties where he held in chief. He also held four houses in Southampton}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
HAM S3}}}{\insrsid12807907 . His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 359)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
 and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  303.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8666203 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11546875 NORMAN. Norman is a fairly common }{\insrsid12807907 name which occurs}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11546875  more than fifty times, distributed among a dozen counties between Devon and Derby}{\insrsid12807907 
, with clusters in Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, Somerset and Suffolk}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11546875 .}{\insrsid12807907  By convention, the translation renders post-Conquest }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11546875 Normanni}{\insrsid12807907 
 as Norman; pre-Conquest as Northmann, though some Normans may, of course, be surviving Northmanns}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11546875 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par NORMAN [* }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OF }{\insrsid12807907 ARCY *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907  The tenants of William of Percy at Habrough, Cabourne and Reasby in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 22,3-4;8-9;13}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 - the only unidentified Normans in the county - are almost certainly}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 Norman of Arcy, who held in chief in two of the vills}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 32,3;23}}}{\insrsid12807907 . In the }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid10317099 Lindsey Survey}{\insrsid12807907  (8/1. 11/3;6), all but two bovates of these manors were in the hands of the Percy family. Two bovates (in Cuxwold) were held
 by Robert of Arcy, and there were Arcy fees in Cabourne, Cuxwold and Reasby at a later date, though Norman of Arcy held nothing in chief in those vills in 1086: }{\i\insrsid12807907 Book of Fees,}{\insrsid12807907 
 pp. 167, 1022, 1076. It appears that the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10317099 Lindsey Survey}{\insrsid12807907  is misleading. Norman's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 
Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 2416)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{
\insrsid12807907  305.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 NORMAN <OF }{\insrsid12807907 HALLATON}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 Apart fro
m the tenant of William of Percy in Lincolnshire, all unidentified Normans north of Bedfordshire are concentrated in Leicestershire and may be one man. He was the tenant of Geoffrey Alselin on his entire fief}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 28,1-5}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, farmed four manors on the escheated fief of Aubrey of Coucy}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 
{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 10,6;11-13}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and may be the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15872651 one other Norman, a tenant of Robert of Vessey at Shenton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 16,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15872651 
, whose descent throws no light on his identity: Nichols, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8214004 History and antiquities}{\i\insrsid12807907  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15872651 of Leicestershire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15872651 , iv. 526-27. }{
\insrsid12807907 N}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15872651 either Robert or Geoffrey}{\insrsid12807907  had a tenant or predecessor named Norman or Northmann elsewhere on their Honours. Norman's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{
\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 8457)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  306.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par NORMAN [* }{\insrsid12807907 OF NOSTERFIELD}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Norman, who held Camps and Horseheath from Aubrey de Vere}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11037596 CAM 29,7}{
\insrsid12807907 -8}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is very probably Norman of Nosterfield, the juror in Chilford Hundred, where the two manors lay: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14106742 Inquisitio }{\i\insrsid12807907 Comitatus Cantabrigiensis}{\insrsid12807907  
(ed. Hamilton, p. 28). Nosterfield itself is not recorded in Domesday; it is a mile from Camps and less than three from Horseheath. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 There are no Normans elsewhere in the county, and Aubrey had no other such tenants}{
\insrsid12807907  on his Honour; the one Northmann, at Trumpington sixteen miles away, has no links with Norman}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Norman's manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 (no. 2169) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 305.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 NORMAN [* THE HUNTER *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Norman, who held a small fief in Shropshire from Earl Roger of Shrewsbury}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,25,1-7}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is probably Norman the hunter, who gave land at Booley, a dependency of his manor of Brockhurst}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,25,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 , to the earl's foundation of Shrewsbury abbey: }{\i\insrsid12807907 C}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid731055 
artulary}{\i\insrsid12807907  of Shrewsbury abbey}{\insrsid12807907 
, i. 33, 38. There are no other Normans (or Northmanns) in Shropshire, or on the Honour of the earl; but in Sussex, where the other major component of that Honour lay, the Norman who held Rodmell in Sussex from William of Warenne}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUS 12,4}}}{\insrsid12807907  may be the same man since he is probably Norman the hunter who gave land to the Warenne foundation of Lewes priory: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14099572 Chartulary of Lewes}{\insrsid12807907 
, i. 12. He, too, is the only Norman in the county. He may have come from Mac\'e9 }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 in }{\insrsid12807907 Lower }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Normandy}{\insrsid12807907  (Orne: arrondissement Alen\'e7
on), where he gave land to Saint-Martin of S\'e9es on his son becoming a monk: }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 Bates, }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 Regesta}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 ,}{\i\insrsid12807907  }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid407464 no. }{
\cf1\insrsid12807907 271, pp. 815-17. His}{\insrsid12807907  manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 1837)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{
\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  306, with the addition of Frankwel
l, here assigned to Northmann of Mereworth}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11546875 NORTHMANN. Northmann is a common name, though unevenly distributed among seventeen counties, with significant concentrations in Suffolk and Yorkshire and lesser }{\insrsid12807907 clusters}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid11546875  in Devon, Essex, Kent and Northamptonshire. By convention, }{\insrsid12807907 the translation renders }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11546875 pre-Conquest }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11546875 Normanni}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid11546875  }{\insrsid12807907 as Northmann; post-Conquest as Norman, though some surviving Northmanns may be recorded as Norman where their native origin is not apparent}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 NORTHMANN <OF MEREWORTH>. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid225041 The name Northmann is not common in the south-east, where all }{\insrsid12807907 Northmanns}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid225041  }{\insrsid12807907 are}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid225041  identified }{\insrsid12807907 by Dr Clarke }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid225041 as the magnate w}{\insrsid12807907 ith}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid225041  legal privileges in eastern Kent}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN D17}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid225041 . }{\insrsid12807907 I}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid225041 n Kent}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1781936 5,96. 9,44;46;48. 12,3-4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid225041 , Surrey}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUR }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid1837903 30,2}}}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid225041 and Sussex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1781936 9,8;32;86. 10,38. 13,8}}}{\insrsid12807907  he had no lord but the king}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid225041 , and several}{\insrsid12807907  of his manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid225041  }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid225041  of appropriate status }{\insrsid12807907 for}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid225041 
 a regional magnate. }{\insrsid12807907 At least one substantial manor devolved upon each of the three tenants-in-chief in Kent, while his single valuable manor in Surrey}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUR 30,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 was acquired by Haimo the sheriff, his predecessor on two manors in Kent, including Mereworth, the most valuable of all}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 12,3-4}}}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par \tab Due to its division into Rapes tenurial associations in Sussex, where the holdings are more varied in size, have little or no relevance to pre-Conquest landownership; but three of the four tenants-in-chief acquired at least one valuable manor, }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid225041 more likely to have been held by one man }{\insrsid12807907 rather than several wealthy individuals with a}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid225041  name}{\insrsid12807907  uncommon in the area}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid225041 
. There can be less confidence with the smaller}{\insrsid12807907  Sussex}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid225041  properties; but if }{\insrsid12807907 Dr Clarke }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid225041 is correct in his identification, Northmann was one of the many }
{\insrsid12807907 English}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid225041  magnates permitted to survive on a fragment of their previous estates, holding a small part of the manor of Frankwell}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 9,8}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid225041 
 he had previously held in its entirety, serving moreover as one of a number of men-at-arms in the entourage of the Norman who had supplanted him.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par \tab It is also possible, even likely, that Northmann of Mereworth is the pre-Conquest tenant of Abingdon abbey in Berkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4289441 7,2;9;15;19-20;46}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , the only man of this name in the county. His status among Abingdon tenants is unique.
 He had five manors when only one other tenant had more than one, Blaecmann having two if he is the same man as Blaecmann the priest. Northmann also held the largest single tenancy, the most valuable single tenancy, and more than twice as much in land and
 
in value than any other Abingdon tenant. Only one lay tenant of the Church in the country held ecclesiastical estates worth more in value before the Conquest. Northmann was evidently a powerful and influential man, and only Northmann of Mereworth fits tha
t
 description, since it is improbable that a landowner should hold such an extensive ecclesiastical estate without a lay estate of his own. It is curious that the abbey's chronicle fails to mention this man though devoting a paragraph to the one post-Conqu
est Norman in the county, who gave the tithes of his }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14510886 manor of Winterbourne}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 35,2}}}{\insrsid12807907  t}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14510886 o the abbey: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14510886 
Historia Ecclesie Abbendonensis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14510886 , ii. 246-47; cf. 381-82, 385.}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 A list of }{\insrsid12807907 Northmann's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  manor}{\insrsid12807907 s}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 English }{\i\insrsid12807907 n}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 obility}{\i\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 pp. }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid225041 325}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 , }{\insrsid12807907 which}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  }{\insrsid12807907 does not include the Berkshire manors. Dr Clarke ranks him fifty-second in wealth among}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 untitled laymen; the Berkshire manors would raise him ten places. His tenancy at Frankwell is assigned to Norman the hunter in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3751389 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 1837).

\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 NORTHMANN [* THE SHERIFF *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Northmann the sheriff is identified by his title on four occasions: once on the single manor - consisting of burgesses in Ipswich}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 63,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  
- he held on his own account; once as the predecessor of Roger Bigot at Darsham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 7,36}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; and twice on the fief of Robert Malet, as his predecessor at }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12912542 Wrabetuna
}{\insrsid12807907  and his tenant at Ash}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 6,91;290}}}{\insrsid12807907 . He was sheriff of Suffolk, succeeded by William and Robert Malet, then Roger Bi
got, which almost certainly accounts for the hugely disproportionate number of Northmanns on Roger's fief - and a few on Malet's - too numerous to list here}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907 
 The scribes were confident enough of being understood to abbreviate his name to a simple N almost 
three dozen times on the Bigot fief. The abbreviation occurs only twice more, both times in Suffolk, both probably referring to the sheriff. At Walton, the name is given in full later in the entry and Northmann appears to have held it at both dates}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUF 31,13}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; at Hemley, he is an overlord}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 39,5}}}{\insrsid12807907 , all such overlords in the county likely to be the sheriff in the absence of another landowner of that name with significant - or any - demesne land}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par \tab Of the one hundred times where the name or abbreviation is stated or implied in Suffolk, it occurs only six more times on other fiefs. One of these, on a substantial manor at Cavendish acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12912542 Ralph of Lim\'e9
sy}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 
\tab SUF 43,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 , may be the sheriff, since he held from King Edward and Ralph had no other predecessor of this name, nor any tenant named 
Norman. On three other manors, Northmann was an overlord, so probably the sheriff; in the remaining two cases, a free man, without links to suggest he may be the sheriff}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12912542 SUF }{\insrsid12807907 
74,13. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12912542 76,19}}}{\insrsid12807907 , though the possibility cannot be excluded since other apparently insignificant free 
men listed as part of a large group by the scribes can be identified as important landowners, particularly on the fief of Roger Bigot. Roger had no Normans or Northmanns among his predecessors or tenants outside the county, and Robert Malet had one, a Nor
thmann in Yorkshire, unlikely to be the sheriff, though even he cannot be confidently excluded in view of the Malet presence in the county from an early date.
\par \tab Of the nine post-Conquest }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1733025 Normanni}{\insrsid12807907  in Suffolk not identified above as the sheriff, the tenants of Robert Malet at Farnham and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1733025 Bredfield}{\insrsid12807907 
 are most likely to be him}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 6,135;258}}}{\insrsid12807907 , both being fairly close to other of his manors, and he is also likely to be the Northmann with a presence in Malet's borough of Dunwich}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 6,84}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{
\insrsid12807907  Dr Keats-Rohan suggests he is also the tenant of the abbey of Bury St Edmunds at Risby}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 14,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , which is possible; the Feudal Book of Abbot Baldwin refers to him as Norman of Risby: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1733025 Feudal documents}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 137. It is possible, too, that the remaining Normans in Suffolk are the sheriff, since Bigot or Malet (or both)
 held land in the vills - Aldeburgh, Bredfield, Glemham and Westerfield - concerned; but, again, there are no specific links to confirm this. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Northmann's tenancies (apart from Bredfield) are recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 893) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 
306, where it is suggested he may have been related to Roger Bigot by marriage.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12912542 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13196857 ODARD. Odard is a rare name which occurs on one fief and about ten manors, distributed among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  }{\insrsid12807907 five}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  counties and the lands }{
\insrsid12807907 of the king and five of his}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  tenants-in-chief}{\insrsid12807907 . There is some uncertainty about its relationship with Oder and Huard. According to Forssner}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 , the names}{
\insrsid12807907  Huard, Oder, and Odard are distinct: }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164 Continental-Germanic }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907 personal names}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164 , p}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 p. 154-55, 194, 196}{
\insrsid12807907 . Dr Keats-Rohan suggests they may be interchangeable. Circumstantial evidence suggests that all Oders, who occur on two fiefs in Norfolk, may be Huards; and the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5709494 Feudal Book of Abbot Baldwin}{
\insrsid12807907  records an Oder (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16544819 Odarus}{\insrsid12807907 ) where Domesday has Odard (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16544819 Odardus}{\insrsid12807907 )}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11428083 : }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11428083 Feudal documents}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11428083 , p. 19}{\insrsid12807907 . Elsewhere, the case for identifying }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11428083 Odard}{\insrsid12807907  and Huard is not clear}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid11428083 . }{\insrsid12807907 Unidentified Odards and Huards both occur in four counties, on the lands of five tenants-in-chief, the only overlap being the occurrence of an }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11428083 Odard}{
\insrsid12807907  and Huard in Leicestershire; but they are tenants on different fiefs. No pre-Conquest lords bear these names.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ODARD <OF ASTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, it is likely that the Odards who held Halton, Weston, Aston-by-Sutton and Whitley in Cheshire from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid616745 William son of Nigel}{
\insrsid12807907  and Dutton from Earl Hugh of Chester are one man}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7430959 9,17-19;26. 26,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
; Dutton lies between Halton and Whitley, three to four miles from either. Odard's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{
\insrsid12807907 (no. 8390)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid15026591 307}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ODARD <OF FOULTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 Odard, who held Foulton in Essex from Swein of Essex, has no links with his distant namesakes}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 24,65}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. He is the only Odard or Huard in the county, and Swein had no other such tenants elsewhere. }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  identifies him as Huard of Noyers (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2974015 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
), who held Bengeo in Hertfordshire.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ODARD [* OF HOTOT *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Odard, tenant of Robert of Tosny at Bottesford in Leicestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8004497 LEC 15,15}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , is almost certainly Odard of Hotot, who witnessed an agreement between Robert of Tosny and the abbot of St Albans for the foundation of Belvoir priory; his descendants granted land and tithes in Bottesford and elsewhere: }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid8004497 Foulds, 'Origins of }{\insrsid12807907 the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8004497 Hotot family', pp. 79-81. }{\insrsid12807907 Odard's manor is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 3567)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  307, where it is suggested that he came from Hotot-en-Auge}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7168196  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 in }{\insrsid12807907 Lower }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
Normandy}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7168196 (}{\insrsid12807907 Calvados:}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7168196  }{\insrsid12807907 arrondissement Lisieux}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1313913 )}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid13390420 ODARD <OF ILMINGTON>.}{\insrsid12807907 
 Odard, who held Ilmington in Warwickshire from the Count of Meulan}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 16,64}}}{\insrsid12807907 , has no links with other Odards or Huards. }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2974015 Coel}{\insrsid12807907 
 identifies him as the Huard at Peatling in Leicestershire, some forty miles to the south.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ODO [* OF BERNI}{\insrsid12807907 E}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RES *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Odo, who held a small fief in Shropshire from Earl Roger of Shrewsbury}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,18,1-3}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is probably Odo }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2903300 of Berni\'e8res}{\insrsid12807907 , who granted land at Broadstone to the earl's foundation of Shrewsbury abbey; he is probably also Odo, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2903300 miles}{\insrsid12807907 
, who granted Hordley, one of the manors on his fief, to the abbey: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2903300 Cartulary of Shrewsbury abbey}{\insrsid12807907 
, i. 33-34, 39, 43, 45. Broadstone belonged to Stanway, one of five manors held from Reginald the sheriff by an Odo, who is therefore likely to be Odo }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2903300 of Berni\'e8res}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,3,9-10;17-19}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Odo's son, Roger, made a further grant to Broadstone in which his father is named Odo of Rushbury, thereby identifying the tenant of Roger of Lacy in that vill}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,8,5}}}{\insrsid12807907 : }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2903300 Cartulary of Shrewsbury abbey}{\insrsid12807907 , i. 15. There are no other Odos in Shropshire or on the Honour of Earl Roger. Odo's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 3016)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  308.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ODO <OF BOTELET>. }{\insrsid12807907 The Odos who held land at 'Perran' in Cornwall from the Canons of St Neot's}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 4,26}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, and a fief and part of Canons' manor in St Neot from the Count of Mortain}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 4,28. 5,14,1-6}}}{\insrsid12807907 , are probably one man; many of the Count's tenants were partially endowed at the expense 
of the Cornish churches. No other Odo held land in the county, and the Count had no such tenants elsewhere on his Honour. Odo's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 236)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  311.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \cbpat8 {\cf1\insrsid12807907 ..............................................
...............................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ODO [* OF WINCHESTER *]. }{\insrsid12807907 
Odo of Winchester held exempt land in Southampton before the Conquest and several manors among the king's thanes in Hampshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM S2. 69,1-3;7}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Berkshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
BRK 65,1-4}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 67,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  in 1086. He also shared a small fief in Sussex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 14,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907  with Aldred (}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1794488 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ), almost certainly his brother named in the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8389172 Winton Domesday}{\insrsid12807907 
 and on three manors in Hampshire. Their relationship suggests that he was also known as Odo the steward, who held land alongside Aldred in the large episcopal manor of Micheldever}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 6,16}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, and that he is the Odo whose four consecutive manors among the king's thanes of Devon is followed by three held by Aldred}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 52,22-28}}}{\insrsid12807907 
: 'Domesday survey of Hampshire',}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13043600  p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13043600 .}{\insrsid12807907  427-28; 'Domesday survey of Somerset',}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13043600  p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 417; Williams, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4204244 English and the Norman Conquest}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 115-16. If so, he was also known as Odo son of Edric, so-named in the Geld Roll for Axmouth Hundred, where one of those manors lay: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1794488 Devonshire Domesday}{\insrsid12807907 , i. pp. xxvii, xxxv. Round suggested that he is also the king's thane at Dibden in the New Forest}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM NF9,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, and the pre-Conquest lord of an anonymous holding in Somborne Hundred and Chawton in Hampshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 23,25. 51,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and of Wimborne Minster in Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 1,21}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Chawton was acquired by }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid1794488 Hugh of Port}{\insrsid12807907 , whose steward was given the very valuable manor of Chaddleworth in Berkshire by Odo of Winchester}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 10,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
; and the Odo at Wimborne is identified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6717044 Exon.}{\insrsid12807907  as Odo the treasurer, a description consistent with Odo's byname and his favoured status as a royal official. Round also suggested that he is the }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3882551 Oda}{\insrsid12807907  whose substantial manor of Compton in Berkshire was granted to the bishop of Coutances}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 6,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Odo was evidently an Englishman, so-named in the Geld Roll for Devon, so the name-form may be more appropriate than the Odo usually favoured by the scribe, who did however twice name him }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1794488 Oda}{\insrsid12807907 
 of Winchester}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 10,1. HAM 21,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Although Odo and }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3882551 Oda}{\insrsid12807907 
 are thought to be of different origin, one authority believes it to be 'a useless task ... to keep them distinct in detail': Forssner, }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid14043856 Continental-Germanic }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907 personal names}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907 pp. 198-99. Odo's official status suggests he may be the Odo on two royal manors in Hampshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 1,W1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, and he is possibly the tenant of Bockhampton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3882551 BRK 48,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , seven miles from Chaddleworth, the only other Odo in either county. He is probably the Odo the chamberlain whose so
n claimed land at Chelborough in Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3882551 DOR 36,8}}}{\insrsid12807907 . His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907  (no. 301)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  308-309, apart from Devonshire manors, identified as Odo son of Edric (no. 806), and the subtenant at Micheldever, identified as Eudo the steward.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ODO }{\insrsid12807907 [* THE CHAMBERLAIN *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Odo, tenant of Count Alan of Brittany at Harston, Wendy, Whaddon, Wilbraham and Quy in Cambridgeshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
CAM }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9634032 14,21;26;31}{\insrsid12807907 ;65-66}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Fencote, Kirkby Fleetham, Langthorne and Hackforth in Yorkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 6N56;59-}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9634032 60}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , is almost certainly his chamberlain in all eight cases, so named in the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9634032 Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis}{\insrsid12807907  on the first three Cambridgeshire manors (ed. 
Hamilton, p. 46, 58, 64). Of the other two, Wilbraham was later part of the Chamberlain's fee, held by Odo's descendants from the Honour of Richmond, and Quy is three miles from Wilbraham. Three of the four Yorkshire holding were also part of the Chamberl
ain's fee, Langthorne being later alienated to St Mary's of York, when it may have included Hackforth , their combined total being four carucates, the size of the grant: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9634032 Early Yorkshire charters}{\insrsid12807907 
, v. 167-79. Probably, though less certainly, the one other Odo on the Honour of Richmond, at Holbrook in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 3,68}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is also the chamberlain, Odos being rare in East Anglia, only two other tenants-in-chief having tenants there. Odo's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 1176)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  308, apart from the tenant of Holbrook, who is unidentified (no. 11620).}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9634032 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par OGER}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907  Oger is a rare name, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 distributed among }{\insrsid12807907 seven}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  counties and the lands of the king and }{\insrsid12807907 
four}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  of his tenants-in-chief}{\insrsid12807907  but borne by only four unidentified tenants in 1086, two of whom are probably the tenant-in-chief Oger the Breton.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par OGER <OF DIDLINGTON>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907  Oger, who held a carucate and a ploughteam at Didlington in Norfolk from William of Warenne}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 8,89}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has no links with other Ogers, all remote; he is the only Oger in East Anglia. He is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\i\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 9210), his carucate assigned to William's demesne.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par OGER <OF TOLLER>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907  Oger, who held Toller in Dorset from Waleran }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5317734 the hunter}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 40,9}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has no links with other Ogers. His manor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 1758)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  312.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OGER [* THE BRETON *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Oger}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held Burton-le-Coggles in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
LIN 35,13}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and Aldwincle in Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 41,6}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  are probably the tenant-in-chief in those counties, Oger the Breton, the notorious enemy
 of Hereward the Wake. The Lincolnshire Claims}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN CK5}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  reveal that Burton-le-Coggles was held illegally by its tenant-in-chief, Ralph Paynel, since it }{\insrsid12807907 
had been held by Earl Morcar, who was not Ralph's predecessor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 The earl}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  was the predecessor of Oger}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 on }{
\insrsid12807907 several}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  of his }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , and the Wake family - Oger's heirs - lat}{\insrsid12807907 er had an interest in the vill: }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid15150746 Sanders, }{\i\insrsid12807907 English baronies}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , pp. 107-108; }{\i\insrsid12807907 Book of Fees,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 pp. 1048, 1078}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Aldwincle is less than four miles from Oger the Breton's manor of Thrapston}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 52,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ; Oger shared the tenancy with two others in 1086 so the descent of his portion }{
\insrsid12807907 is uncertain: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VCH Northamptonshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , iii. 164-65. }{\insrsid12807907 Oger is probably to be identified as Oger son of }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4420735 Ungemar}{
\insrsid12807907 , whose fief at Austhorpe in Rutland}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab RUT 4,14}}}{\insrsid12807907  is similar to his small single-manor fiefs in Leicestershire and Northamptonshire. Dr Keats-Rohan suggests that the unknown }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4420735 
Ungemar}{\insrsid12807907  may be a alternative form of the Breton }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4420735 Gingomar}{\insrsid12807907 , recorded }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4420735 circa}{\insrsid12807907  1060. All claims involving }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Oger in the Lincolnshire Claims }{\insrsid12807907 relate to manors of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Oger the Breton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN CK40-41;43-44;46;48}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
. }{\insrsid12807907 His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 1180)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 311-12}{
\insrsid12807907 .
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OIDELARD}{\insrsid12807907 . Oidelard is a rare name which oc
curs fourteen times, distributed among nine counties and the lands of three tenants-in-chief, probably borne by no more than that number of men, all post-Conquest landowners.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OIDELARD [* THE LARDERER *]. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, the Oidelards who held three manors from Eustace the sheriff in Winwick, on the border of Huntingdonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HUN 19,16-17}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 55,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 , are almost certainly his tenant at Grafham, Oidelard the larderer}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HUN 19,22}}}{\insrsid12807907 . His manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 2494)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  312.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OIDELARD [* THE STEWARD *]. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, the Oidelards who held manors from Ralph of Mortimer in Hampshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 29,8;13. NF5,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Berkshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
BRK 46,6-7}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 41,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Oxfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 30,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Herefordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 9,2}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Shropshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SHR 6,21}}}{\insrsid12807907  are very probably one man, possibly Oidelard the steward, tenant of St Augustine's, Canterbury, on the valuable manor of Northbourne in Kent}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 7,19}}}{\insrsid12807907 : Ballard, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5915518 An eleventh-century inquisition}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 21. His Mortimer tenancies are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 1660)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{
\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  312, where he 
is described as 'perhaps' Ralph's steward; the tenant of St Augustine's is identified as another man (no. 1916).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ORDING.}{\insrsid12807907  Ording is a rare name which occurs three or four times, once (doubtful) in Cheshire, once in Norfolk, and twice in Kent, all borne by pre-Conquest landowners.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ORDING [* OF HORTON *]. Ording}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held part of Horton Kirby from King Edward}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 5,18}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  is }{\insrsid12807907 probably}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Ording of Horton}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who had full jurisdiction in Sutton Lathe, where Horton lay}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
KEN D25}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907  His manor is modest for the p
rivileges he enjoyed, but there appear to be no others which can be attributed to him, even if possible scribal errors are taken into account. Half of those who enjoyed similar privileges}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN D25}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, however, do not appear as landholders at all: Williams, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12004518 World before Domesday}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 54.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ORDING }{\insrsid12807907 <}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OF }{\insrsid12807907 MULBARTON>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Ording}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held }{
\insrsid12807907 the manor of Mulbarton in Norfolk acquired by Ralph of Beaufour}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 20,34}}}{\insrsid12807907 , has no links with his remote namesakes.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ORDING }{\insrsid12807907 <}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OF }{\insrsid12807907 TRAFFORD>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7798953 Ordm}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who}{\insrsid12807907 se manor of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 Trafford in Cheshire was acquired by Earl Hugh}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 1,23}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has no links with others who may be represented by this name-form, perhaps Ording or Ordmer, neither of which occur elsewhere in Cheshire or on the Honour of the earl of Chester: von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7798953 
Pre-Conquest personal name}{\insrsid12807907 s, p. 336.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par ORDMER. Ordmer is an uncommon name which occurs}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 fewer than twenty }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 times}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 
distributed among a dozen counties and the lands of the king and twelve of his tenants-in-chief, three manors being held by survivors.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ORDMER }{\insrsid12807907 [* OF BADLINGHAM *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 Ordmer, who held Badlingham in Cambridgeshire from Count Alan of Brittany}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 14,67}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is almost certainly Ordmer of Badlingham, a juror in '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7818744 Staploe'}{\insrsid12807907  Hundred, where Badlingham lay: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3571504 Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis}{\insrsid12807907 
 (ed. Hamilton, p. 1)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 As he retained his manor for two decades, it is likely he is the Ordmer who preceded the Count at Wilbraham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 14,65}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, both Ordmers being dependents of Edeva the fair. He is less likely to be the one other Ordmer in the county, one of ten Freemen on a manor of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6758174 Guy of Raimbeaucourt}{\insrsid12807907  in Meldreth}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid6758174 CAM 31,2}}}{\insrsid12807907  according to the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12004518 Inquisitio Eliensis}{\insrsid12807907  (ed. Hamilton, p. 109). Count Alan had no other Ordmers on his Honour. Ordmer's tenancy}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. }{\insrsid12807907 6626}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. }{\insrsid12807907 313; see also Williams, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4204244 English and the Norman Conquest}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 87-88.

\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par ................................................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ORDMER <OF SOMERSAL>. }{\insrsid12807907 Ordmer, who shared a modest at Somersal in Derbyshire acquired by Henry of Ferrers}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 6,32}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, may be the Ordmer who preceded Robert of Stafford on four manors in Staffordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 11,12;31;53;58}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. They are the only Ordmers in those counties, and little if any tenurial significance can be attached to Henry's acquisition since he 
acquired the bulk of 'Appletree wapentake, where Somersal lay, probably as a block grant of all unallocated land in the wapentake: Fleming, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15679964 Kings and lords}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 164-65. One of Ordmer's four Stafford manors lay in Tixall, where the other part of the vill was held by Henry of Ferrers, his one tenancy in the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15679964 STS 8,23}}}{
\insrsid12807907 . Henry held Tixall from the earl of Shrewsbury, who acquired it from Almund (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15679964 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ), whose son }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15679964 Alward}{\insrsid12807907 
 held Polmere in Shropshire from the earl with Ordmer as his subtenant}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15679964 SHR 4,27,19}}}{\insrsid12807907 , he being the only Ordmer
 in the county. Although the mechanisms which might produce these links are unclear - exchanges, perhaps - it seems unlikely they can be explained as simple coincidences. Alward's subtenant is probably therefore Robert and Henry's predecessor, surviving b
y the grace of another survivor, albeit in very modest circumstances, on a manor worth four shillings. He is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1727758 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 31102).}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15679964 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ORDRIC. }{\insrsid12807907 Ordric is a fairly common name which occurs}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 almost forty}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  times}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3422851 
, distributed }{\insrsid12807907 among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3422851  fifteen counties, }{\insrsid12807907 the lands of the king and almost }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3422851 two dozen }{\insrsid12807907 of his }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3422851 
tenants-in-chief, }{\insrsid12807907 survivors - probably three men - holding eight manors in 1086}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3422851 . }{\insrsid12807907 
The distribution of the name is skewed, concentrated in the West Midlands and the south-west, the remainder of the map being almost empty, with one occurrence north of the Wash, and three in the eastern and south-eastern counties.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ORDRIC <OF }{\insrsid12807907 CROOME}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 >. }{\insrsid12807907 The }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Ordric}{\insrsid12807907 s who held Eycot in Gloucestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 3,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and Croome, White Ladies Aston and Oddingley in Worcestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WOR }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9125917 2,32;55-56}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are probably one man, one of two survivors of this name in the Midlands, the other being an uncle of Thorkil of Warwick}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907 
 Curiously, Ordric's predecessor at Oddingley is a Thorkil; but that name is not uncommon in Gloucestershire, Herefordshire and Wor
cestershire, and there are no discernible links between Thorkil's many family members and these counties. Ordric may be the steward of the bishopric named in a writ of William Rufus of 1095 as liable for a relief of \'a340, or possibly the Ordric Black (}
{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14709501 blaca}{\insrsid12807907 ) whose liability was \'a35: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6753657 Hemingi cartularium}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6753657 , pp. }{\insrsid12807907 79-81; Round, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14709501 Feudal England}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 308-313. The steward's relief was the largest demanded by the king so was perhaps }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14709501 that due from the bishop's demesne. }{\insrsid12807907 The }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14709501 Ordric at Eycot is identified}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14709501 as the steward in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14709501 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14709501  (no. 2246) but is not recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14709501 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14709501 ; the }{\insrsid12807907 Worcestershire }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14709501 tenants are }{\insrsid12807907 un}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14709501 identified (nos. }{
\insrsid12807907 31736, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14709501 31772-73).}{\insrsid12807907 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par ................................................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ORDRIC <OF ORDSALL>. }{\insrsid12807907 Ordric, whose modest holding shared with three lords at Ordsall in Nottinghamshire was acquired by Roger of Bully}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 9,19}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has no links with his distant namesakes to the south.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ORDRIC }{\insrsid12807907 [* UNCLE OF THORKIL *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 
The Ordrics who held nine manors in Warwickshire are probably the uncle of Thorkil of Warwick, seven of his manors - at Hodnell, Calcutt, Harbury, Ratley, Compton and Ettington}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 16,34. 17,31;37;50;57;59}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid3422851 . 44,13}}}{\insrsid12807907  - lying in vills dominated by Thorkil and his relatives: Williams, '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 A }{\insrsid12807907 v}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ice-}{\insrsid12807907 c}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 omital }{\insrsid12807907 f}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 amily}{\insrsid12807907 ',}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10764218  pp. 2}{\insrsid12807907 84, 291, 295. Of t}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3422851 he }{
\insrsid12807907 other }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3422851 two, }{\insrsid12807907 Wormleighton, held by Thorkil in 1086, is surrounded by family}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13569439  vills}{\insrsid12807907 ;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13569439  and Wishaw}{
\insrsid12807907 , acquired by}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13569439  }{\insrsid12807907 William son of Corbucion, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13569439 is adjacent to one}{\insrsid12807907  of them}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13569439 , }{\insrsid12807907 at }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid13569439 Marston}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 17,61. 28,4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13569439 . Wishaw was held }{\insrsid12807907 for twenty years}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13569439 , as }{\insrsid12807907 was}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid13569439  Calcutt and perhaps Ettington}{\insrsid12807907  (where no pre-Conquest lord is named); no other Ordric in Domesday did so, and only a tenant of the bishop of Worcester held land in 1086 elsewhere in the Midlands}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907  Ordric held Ettington from the king, seven of the other eight manors occurring on the interrelated fiefs of the Count of Meulan and Thorkil of Warwick. Neither they nor William son o
f Corbucion had Ordrics among their tenants or predecessors elsewhere on their Honours. Ordric's three tenancies }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 4760)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  313.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ORDWULF}{\insrsid12807907 . Ordwulf }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 is }{\insrsid12807907 a moderately common}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  name}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2513720 which }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 occurs}{\insrsid12807907  on almost thirty manors in Domesday Book and a few more in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6717044 Exon.}{\insrsid12807907  for Devon, distributed among five counties and the lands o
f the king and ten of his tenants-in-chief. All Ordwulfs are pre-Conquest lords, one surviving until 1086. Their distribution is skewed, all but two in Berkshire occurring in the four south-western counties of Cornwall, Devon, Somerset and Wiltshire.}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ORDWULF <OF BANWELL>. }{\insrsid12807907 The Ordwulfs who held land and a mill in the adjacent vills of Congresbury and Banwell in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 1,21. 6,9}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, in both of which the bishop of Wells had an interest, are probably one man,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  conceivabl}{\insrsid12807907 y}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 
Ordwulf of Tehidy, predecessor of the Count of Mortain. If so, he was another great pre-Conquest lord allowed to eke out a meagre existence on a fraction of his pr
evious estate. However, an unusual number of native landowners survived on the Count's lands, so it is unusual if his predecessor failed to do so while surviving elsewhere. As there are no apparent links between the two Ordwulfs, they are treated here as 
different men. Ordwulf of Banwell is the only survivor of this name. His manor at Congresbury is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{
\insrsid12807907 (no. 386)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  313.

\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907 
.............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ORDWULF <OF GROUNDWELL>. }{\insrsid12807907 
Ordwulf, whose modest holding at Groundwell in Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 27,13}}}{\insrsid12807907  was acquired by Humphrey de L'Isle, has no links with his namesakes, though in view of the distribution of the name it i
s conceivable that he is Ordwulf of Tehidy, predecessor of the Count of Mortain in Cornwall, Devon and Somerset.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ORDWULF <OF ILSLEY>. }{\insrsid12807907 The Ordwulfs who preceded }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10626540 Geoffrey de Mandeville}{\insrsid12807907  at Ilsley in Berkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 38,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are probably one man. The two parts of the vill constituted a fairly substantial holding so he may be the English magnate, Ordwulf of Tehidy, predecessor of the C
ount of Mortain on many manors in the south-west; but there is no more precise link, and the manors of the Count's predecessor are more than a hundred miles away.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ORDWULF <OF }{\insrsid12807907 TEHIDY}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 
The distribution of the name suggests that most if not all Ordwulfs in the south-western counties are one man, implicitly described as the predecessor of the Count of Mortain in a rubric}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 15,47}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 which states that 'the Count holds the undermentioned seven lands, with Ordwulf's land', perhaps implying that Ordwulf held the previous forty-six manors, either in demesne or as overlord. He is explicitly stated to hold fourteen of them, plus one later
 holding}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10626540 15,3-5;8-10;39-46;49}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; and satellite texts emphasise that the seven lands were not of Ordwulf's Honour}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 15,47-52}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. His principle manor acquired by the Count was Tehidy in Cornwall}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 5,1,12}}}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par \tab Of the five remaining Devonshire manors, the Count's predecessor almost certainly held Broadclyst and Haxton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 1,56. 2,9}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, since Haxton was acquired by the bishop of Exeter in an exchange with the Count of Mortain, and Broadclyst was a valuable royal manor, revealed by a satellite text to have been farmed by Reginald of Vautortes, subinfeudated by the Count wit
h several of Ordwulf's manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 15,44-46}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Of the two manors acquired by Roald Dubbed}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 35,1;10}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, Lamerton was a high status manor, while the Count of Mortain had an interest in Weare. The one remaining holding, at Woodhuish}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 35,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, was surrounded by those of Ordwulf of Tehidy and acquired by Richard son of Turolf, a tenant of the Count who had another of Ordwulf's manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 15,42}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. It is likely, therefore, that all Devonshire Ordwulfs are the Count of Mortain's predecessor.
\par \tab Elsewhere, the two manors of an Ordwulf in Cornwall were acquired by the Count}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 5,1,9;12}}}{\insrsid12807907 , as was Brushford in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 19,16}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. There are no apparent links between Ordwulf and his four remaining namesakes, though it is not impossible that they, too, are the Count's predecessor. Of the four, the two Berkshire manors here attributed to Ord
wulf of Ilsley are the most likely candidates in view of the value of Ilsley (\'a39). If Ordwulf held Ilsley, it is not improbable that he had Groundwell, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10438266 en route}{\insrsid12807907 
 to Devon; and if he also held the part of the royal manor of Congresbury}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 1,21}}}{\insrsid12807907 , then he survived unt
il 1086 on a tiny fragment of his Honour. But without confirmatory links, these four manors are here assigned to different men. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 A list of }{\insrsid12807907 Ordwulf's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  manor}{
\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 English }{\i\insrsid12807907 n}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 obility}{\i\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 pp. }{
\insrsid12807907 326}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 , }{\insrsid12807907 which}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  }{\insrsid12807907 includes only those manors acquired by the Count of Mortain. Dr Clarke ranks him fifty-fourth in wealth among}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 untitled laymen; the addition of the other five manors attributed to him above would place him comfortably within the top forty.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ORDWY. }{\insrsid12807907 Ordwy is an uncommon name which occurs}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 thirteen}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  times}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 on modest holdings distributed among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3474512  six counties, }{\insrsid12807907 the lands of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 the king and ten of his}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid3474512  tenants-in-chief, with }{\insrsid12807907 one}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3474512  cluster in }{\insrsid12807907 
Bedfordshire. Survivors held five manors, four of them in Bedfordshire. With one exception, all Ordwys occur in the Midland counties.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ORDWY <OF ANSTIE>. }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 Ordwy, whose modest holding at Anstie in Surrey was acquired by William son of Ansculf}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 SUR 21,5}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
, has no links with his namesakes. He is the only Ordwy south of the Thames.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ORDWY [* OF BEDFORD *]. }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 As the name is uncommon, the Ordwys who held Biddenham, Stanford and 'Westcotts' in Bedfordshire}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 BDF 56,3. 57,10;12}}}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907  in both 1066 and 1086 - the only Ordwys to retain their manors for twenty years - are probably Ordwy of Bedford, who claimed to be a tenant of the abbey of Bury St Edmunds on a second manor in Biddenham}{
\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 
\tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 BDF 6,1}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 . This entry, which implies that Ordwy of Bedford, Ordwy the burgess, and Ordwy the reeve are the same man, also suggests that he is the overlord of Wulfmer in Sutton}{
\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 
\tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 BDF 53,27}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 , since a Wulfmer is the man the jury says he dispossessed in Biddenham. His}{\insrsid12807907  manors in Biddenham }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  as held by two men (nos. 419, 1626)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Dom
esday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  313, the tenants of the other two are unidentified (nos. 556, 558).}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ORDWY <OF HEMINGFORD>. }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 Ordwy, whose respectable manor of Hemingford in Huntingdonshire was acquired by }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8195229 Eustace the sheriff}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
HUN 19,23}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 , has no links with his namesakes.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ORM. }{\insrsid12807907 The name Orm occurs only north of the Trent, once in Cheshire and Lincolnshire, twice in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4612491 De}{\insrsid12807907 rbyshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4612491 
 and over sixty times in Yorkshire}{\insrsid12807907 , distributed among the lands of the king and a dozen of his tenants-in-chief. Survivors held two manors in Derbyshire and seven in Yorkshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4612491 .}{\insrsid12807907 

\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ORM <OF WYASTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare outside Yorkshire, the Orms who held Wyaston and Ireton in Derbyshire from Henry of Ferrers}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 6,59;92}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are probably the Orm who granted land at Ireton to Tutbury priory, possibly Orm }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4612491 de Ocoura}{\insrsid12807907  (Okeover), who witnessed a charter between Burton abbey and Robert of Ferrers in the 1120s; the abbey held
 land in Okeover}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 4,6}}}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Cartulary of }{\i\insrsid12807907 Tutbury priory}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 65; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid472407 Facsimiles of royal charters}{\insrsid12807907 
, no. 9, plate vii. Orm's manors are recorded}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11210495  }{\insrsid12807907 in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 3859) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9265289 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907 , p. 314.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ORM [* SON OF GAMAL *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Although the name is common in Yorkshire, it is likely that the Orms from whom Hugh son of Baldric acquired the largest part of his Yorkshire fief and his
 most valuable manors are the same man in most if not all cases}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS C26. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11484043 23N7}{\insrsid12807907 -8}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid472407 ;17-25;29;34-36}{\insrsid12807907 
. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11484043 23E14}{\insrsid12807907 ;19}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. He is probably Orm son of Gamal, commemorated on the sundial of St Gregory's Minster, Kirkdale, near Kirby Moorside, which records that he bought the minster 'when it was quite broken down a
nd ruined, and he had it built anew from the foundations in honour of Christ and St. Gregory in the days of King Edward and of Earl Tosti', which dates it between 1055 and 1065, and probably later rather than earlier in the decade: Page, 'How long did the
 Scandinavian language survive', p. 179. Orm held a manor in Kirby Moorside, acquired by Hugh}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid472407 YKS 23}{\insrsid12807907 N}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid472407 19}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. He may also be the Orm whose manors in Acklam Hundred were acquired by Odo the bowman, one lying in Raisthorpe, where Hugh's predecessor also had a manor, and another within a couple }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14709501 
of miles of that vill and shared with a Gamal, conceivably his father, though the name is common and his father died in 1063}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 23E14. 26E5;6-8}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14709501 
. Dr Lewis suggests he is also the Orm who}{\insrsid12807907  held the strategically important manor of Halton in Cheshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8418889 CHS 9,17}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , which probably incorporated the once royal }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8418889 burhs}{\insrsid12807907 
 at Runcorn and Thelwall and commanded the Runcorn Gap at the head of the Mersey estuary: Lewis, 'Introduction to the Cheshire Domesday', p. 15. It is not unlikely that he is the Orm on many other manors in York
shire, though there are no specific links to connect him. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 A list of }{\insrsid12807907 his}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  manor}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  is given by Clarke, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 English }{\i\insrsid12807907 n}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 obility}{\i\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 pp. }{\insrsid12807907 
327-28, which does not include Halton; Dr Clarke ranks him seventy-third in wealth among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 untitled laymen; the addition of Halton would raise him two places.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7622676 OSBERN}{\insrsid12807907 . Osbern is one of the more common names in Domesday Book, the forename of seven tena
nts-in-chief holdings twenty fiefs between them, and occurring elsewhere more than 170 times, distributed among twenty-eight counties and the lands of the king and more than thirty of his tenants-in-chief. It is interchangeable with the less common Osbert
, as with Gamal son of Osbert, Osbern Male, Osbern of Brouay, Osbern of Sacey, Osbern Paisforiere, Osbern son of Ledhard, Bishop Osbern of Exeter, and as with the names Colbern/Colbert, Fridebern/Fridebert, Ketilbert/Ketilbiorn, Thorbert/Thorbiorn.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7622676 OSBERN <OF BEECH>. The Osbern}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7622676  who held Beech from }{\insrsid12807907 both }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7622676 Battle abbey and the Count of Eu}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUS 8,4. 9,25}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7622676  }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7622676  }{\insrsid12807907 probably one man, named}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7622676 in the }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7622676 Chronicle of Battle abbey}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7622676 , pp. 48-49. }{\insrsid12807907 He may also be the tenant of the abbey at Penhurst, in the same Hundred}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 8,8}}}{\insrsid12807907 
; Battle had no other tenants of this name. He is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (nos. 15713, 15717, 15812).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OSBERN [* OF BROUAY *]. Osbern}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  tenant of Countess Judith in Bletsoe }{\insrsid12807907 in Bedfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 53,8}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  'undoubtedly' Osbert of Brouay}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held the other half of the vill from Hugh of Beauchamp}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
BDF 23,27}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Sharnbrook}{\insrsid12807907  from him as }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Osbern of Brouay}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BDF 23,}{\insrsid12807907 
31}}}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Fowler, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Bedfordshire in 1086}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 96-97}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . He }{\insrsid12807907 may also}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 be }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 the }{\insrsid12807907 tenant of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the Countess }{\insrsid12807907 at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Sudbury}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
BDF 53,15}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and }{\insrsid12807907 at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Stapleford in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LIN 56,9}{
\insrsid12807907 -10}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , as 'te}{\insrsid12807907 ntatively' suggested by Farrer: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Honor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  i}{\insrsid12807907 
i. 309-12}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Countess Judith had one other tenant named Osbern, at Stonton Wyville in Leicestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 40,28}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
, possibly the same man; the descent of this }{\insrsid12807907 manor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  has not been}{\insrsid12807907  traced: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VCH Leicestershire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , v. 309. }{
\insrsid12807907 Osbern's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 444)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  318, apart from Stonton, whose tenant is unidentified (no. 26629).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OSBERN [* OF EU *]. Osbern}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held the church of Woking }{\insrsid12807907 in Surrey }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 from the }{\insrsid12807907 k}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ing}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 may be Osbern of Eu}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held the church of Leatherhead from him}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUR 1,2;9}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and that of Farnham from the }{\insrsid12807907 bishop of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Winchester, with a hide in }{\insrsid12807907 Hampshire, probably the hide and virgate on the episcopal manor of }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Bentley,}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUR 3,1. HAM 2,25}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Dr }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11352544 Keats-Rohan}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 identifies this Osbern as Bishop Osbern of Exeter}{\insrsid12807907  (no. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5047100 840}{\insrsid12807907 )}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , who held another manor in Woking}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUR 4,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
, which is possible. However, bishops are normally }{\insrsid12807907 accorded their title}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in Great Domesday}{\insrsid12807907  and do not normally hold subtenancies from other bishops}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
, so Osbern of Eu is }{\insrsid12807907 perhaps more likely}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . He is possibly also the }{\insrsid12807907 one}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  other tenant of this name in either county, at Chilcomb}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
HAM 3,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  - }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 also held from the }{\insrsid12807907 bishop of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Winchester}{\insrsid12807907  - }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 as suggested by Joh}{\insrsid12807907 
n Morris}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Osbern was a canon of St Paul}{\insrsid12807907 's, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 from Eu in }{\insrsid12807907 Upper }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Normandy (Seine-Maritime: arrondissement Dieppe)}{
\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\insrsid12807907 i. 69}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907  His churches at }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
Leatherhead }{\insrsid12807907 and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Farnham }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 701)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 315; the tenants at Bentley and Chilcomb are unidentified (nos. 6131, 6140).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OSBERN [* OF NEUF-MARCH}{\insrsid12807907 E}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  *]. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 The Osbern}{\insrsid12807907 s who}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  held }{\insrsid12807907 
several manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 from Hugh of Grandmesnil in Leicestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 13,38;57}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 23,5-7}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 and Warwickshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 18,14}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , are }{\insrsid12807907 probably Osbern of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Neuf-March}{\insrsid12807907 , his identity suggested}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 by their descent as the 'family fee' of the Neuf-March\'e9 family}{\insrsid12807907 :}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Crouch, 'Normans and Anglo-Normans', p. 54 note 10. Hugh had no other tenants of this name. }{\insrsid12807907 Osbern's manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 3702)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  314-15, where it is suggested he was 'probably' the ancestor of the }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Neuf-March\'e9 family}{\insrsid12807907 , originally from}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Neuf-March\'e9 in }{\insrsid12807907 Upper }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Normandy (Seine-Maritime: arrondissement Dieppe)}{
\insrsid12807907 . Dr Crouch, however, argues that the byname derives from the Grandmesnil castle of Neuf-}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 March\'e9 }{\insrsid12807907 in the Norman Vexin }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 in }{\insrsid12807907 Upper }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Normandy}{\insrsid12807907  (Eure: arrondissement }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16666894 Evreux}{\insrsid12807907 ).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11482152 OSBERN [* SON OF GEOFFREY *].}{\insrsid12807907  Of the twenty-five Osberns in Sussex, twenty are tenants of the Count of Eu, who appears to have had at least three such tenants but is unlikely to have had ma
ny, if any, more. Osbern son of Geoffrey, who held two of the most valuable manors, at Laughton and Willingdon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 9,52;70}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is likely to have had others, including perhaps the most valuable of all, in Bexhill}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUS 9,11-12}}}{\insrsid12807907 . He may be the Osbern who held six consecutive manors which follow Laughton, four in the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2713941 Edivestone}{\insrsid12807907 
 Hundred, where Laughton lay; and he is perhaps also the Osbern on a second manor in West Firle - possibly a duplicate of the first - which is in '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2713941 Totnore}{\insrsid12807907 
' Hundred with Preston, all seven manors lying in these two Hundreds}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 9,53-58;71}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Dr Keats-Rohan suggests he also held 'Bassingham' in Staple}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 9,131}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Osbern's father is identified as Geoffrey of Balliol in later sources, from Bailleul-Neuville }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 in }{\insrsid12807907 Upper }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Normandy}{\insrsid12807907 
 (Seine-Maritime: arrondissement Dieppe): Loyd, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1391730 Some Anglo-Norman families}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 11. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 592)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  315.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6319211 OSBERN [* SON OF HUGH *]. Osbern}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6319211  who held }{\insrsid12807907 land}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6319211  at Bodiam}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6319211 
from the Count of Eu}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 9,120}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6319211  is }{\insrsid12807907 named}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6319211  Osbern son of Hugh in the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6319211 Chronicle of Battle abbey}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid6319211 , pp. 122-23, 254-}{\insrsid12807907 57, which records that his wife Emma gave the abbey a mill at Criel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6319211  in }{\insrsid12807907 Upper }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6319211 
Normandy, from where she presumably originated (Seine-Maritime: arrondissement Dieppe). Criel is just a few miles from Eu, the centre of the Count's Norman Honour. A Criel family were tenants of Battle abbey: Searle, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6319211 
Lordship and }{\i\insrsid12807907 c}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6319211 ommunity}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6319211 , pp. 67, 85, 100, 120, 132-33, 143, 165, 341. }{\insrsid12807907 Osbern's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6319211  manor is recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6319211  (no. }{\insrsid12807907 982}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6319211 ) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6319211 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6319211 , p. 315.}
{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OSBERN [* SON OF RICHARD *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Osbern, who held a small fief in Shropshire and a subtenancy at Condover from Earl Roger of Shrewsbury}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11742590 4,1,2}{
\insrsid12807907 . 4,17,1-3}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is probably Osbern son of Richard, whose descendants }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12263521 retained an interest in one of the manors, at Badger: Eyton, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12263521 
Antiquities of Shropshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12263521 , ii. 62-63.}{\insrsid12807907  He is possibly the one other Osbern in the county, who held Forton from Roger of Lacy}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11742590 SHR 4,8,14}}}{
\insrsid12807907 : Lewis, 'Introduction to the Shropshire Domesday', p. 22. Osbern was a tenant-in-chief in Shropshire and in four other counties. He was the son of Richard Scrope, pre-Conq
uest lord of Richard's Castle and other manors in Herefordshire, Shropshire and Worcestershire, most of them acquired by his son. Osbern's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 
Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 2585)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{
\insrsid12807907  316, apart from Condover and Forton, whose tenants are unidentified (nos. 30669, 30898).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OSBERN [* SON OF TEZZO *]. The Osbern}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who }{\insrsid12807907 held Gr}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 esford }{\insrsid12807907 in Cheshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
CHS 27,3}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Stainton, Reasby, Maidenwell and Newball in Lincolnshire from Earl Hugh of Chester}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 13,24-25;33;45}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 are probably his tenant in Cheshire, Osbern son of Tezzo}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
CHS 24,1-9}}}{\insrsid12807907 , perhaps the father of Hugh son of Osbern (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3031642 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ). Osbern and Hugh shared Gresford, and both are named in full at }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3031642 Edritone}{
\cs23\i\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
CHS FD5,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 . In Lincolnshire, all but one of their manors were acquired from a Godric; Osbern's identity is confirmed by the descent of his manors:}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 Farrer, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 Honors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , i}{\insrsid12807907 i. 175-78}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Earl Hugh had no other tenants name}{\insrsid12807907 d Osbern}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
. See also Tait, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Domesday }{\i\insrsid12807907 s}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 urvey of Cheshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , pp. 51-52}{\insrsid12807907 . Osbern's manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 2587)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  316.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OSBER}{\insrsid12807907 N}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 [* THE PRIEST *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Osbert, who held land in Marston in Lincolnshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
LIN 57,35}}}{\insrsid12807907 , may be Osbern the priest, who held land in the same vill}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 54,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Osbert's manor (though not Osbern's) is recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907  (no. 10839) but not, apparently,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907 .}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OSBERT}{\insrsid12807907 . Osbert is not a particularly common name, occurring little more than two dozen times, distributed among ten counties and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 
the lands of fifteen tenants-in-chief, the only concentration being in East Anglia, with only three occurrences north of the Wash, one of which is the only pre-Conquest landowner, a Gamal son of Osbert in Yorkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS C36}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. The name is, however, demonstrably interchangeable at with the far more common Osbern, 
as with Gamal son of Osbert, Osbern Male, Osbern of Brouay, Osbern of Sacey, Osbern Paisforiere, Osbern son of Ledhard, Bishop Osbern of Exeter, and as with the names Colbern/Colbert, Fridebern/Fridebert, Ketilbert/Ketilbiorn, Thorbert/Thorbiorn.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OSBERT <OF }{\insrsid12807907 STOKE}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 Osbert, who held Stoke and its dependency in Nottinghamshire from }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid12987014 Walter of Aincourt
}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 
\tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 NTT 11,6-7}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 , has no links with other Osberts, though it is possible that he is the Osbert at Marston in Lincolnshire, the only other tenant north of the Wash. Osbert of Stoke }{\insrsid12807907 
is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 35412).}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OSFRITH}{\insrsid12807907 . Osfrith is an uncommon name which occurs on one fief in Cornwall and seventeen manors elsewhere, five in East Anglia, one in Lincolnshire, the remainder in Devon. T
he one survivor held the fief in Cornwall.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9452175 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par OSFRITH <OF }{\insrsid12807907 OKEHAMPTON}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 In view of the distribution of his name, it i
s not unlikely that all Osfriths in Devon and Cornwall are one man. He held substantial manors in both counties: in Cornwall he was a tenant of the Count of Mortain on a dozen manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 5,13,1-12}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, eight of them retained since 1066; in Devon all eleven Osfriths were pre-Conquest landowners, nine predecessors of Baldwin the sheriff}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12849820 
16,3;11;15;55;80;107-108;157;176}}}{\insrsid12807907 . One of his manors, at Kelly}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 16,11}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is a few miles across the county boundary from Trelaske, held by the Count of Mortain's tenant}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
CON 5,13,11}}}{\insrsid12807907 . It seems likely that the two predecessors are one man, his manors allocated according to the counties in which they lay, a not uncommon procedure,
 particularly where one or more of the tenants-in-chief dominated the county or counties concerned, as in this case. The other Devon Osfriths held Challonsleigh}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 21,16}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Train}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
DEV 35,27}}}{\insrsid12807907  in Plympton Hundred, near the coast or its estuaries, between Osfrith's manors at Manely and West Prawle. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 A list of }{\insrsid12807907 Osfrith's pre-Conquest}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  manor}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 English }{\i\insrsid12807907 n}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 obility}{\i\insrsid12807907 , }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 pp. }{\expnd1\expndtw7\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid9452175 328}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 , }{\insrsid12807907 which}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  }{\insrsid12807907 
includes Challonsleigh and Train but not Baldwin's manors of Burston or Filleigh}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 16,55;80}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15077467 . }{\insrsid12807907 Osfrith's }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15077467 1086 }{
\insrsid12807907 tenancies}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15077467  are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11210495  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15077467 in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15077467  }{
\insrsid12807907 (no. 235) }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15077467 and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15077467  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15077467 Domesday}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9265289  people}{\insrsid12807907 
, p. 311. Dr Clarke ranks Osfrith eighty-eighth in wealth among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 pre-Conquest lords; Burston and Filleigh would raise him half-a-dozen places.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OSGEA}{\insrsid12807907 RD <OF DARENTH>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Osgeard is a rare name which occurs three times, all in Kent and all on reasonably substanti
al holdings, which may therefore have been held by one man}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 5,17;180. 9,45}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . The name is easily confused with another rare name, Osgeat, but their distributions are sufficiently distinct to separate them.}{
\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OSGEAT. }{\insrsid12807907 Osgeat is a rare name which occurs five times, once each in Essex and Suffolk, thrice in Bedfordshire, probably borne by three men.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OSGEAT <OF BROMHAM>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, it is probable that the three Osgeats in Bedf
ordshire are one man, listed among the royal reeves in 1086 at Bromham and holding land in an unnamed vill in the same Hundred}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 57,18;20}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, where he is called a royal reeve. He held Bromham for twenty years, so he may be King Edward's man at Northill in 1066}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 23,56}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Bromham and Northill lie either side of Bedford, where he was perhaps a reeve in the borough. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 2044)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  }{\expnd1\expndtw7\cf1\insrsid12807907 318.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OSGEAT <OF }{\insrsid12807907 COLCHESTER}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 Osgeat, who had a house in Colchester}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS B3a}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has no links with his namesakes, and is unlikely to be the free man in Suffolk or the reeve in Bedfordshire, in view of their differing status. }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 He}{\insrsid12807907  is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907  (no. 5750).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OSGEAT <OF }{\insrsid12807907 STERNFIELD}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 
Although the name is rare, it is improbable that the free man who shared a holding at Sternfield in Suffolk with fifteen other free men}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 7,143}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 is related to either of his namesakes, the householder in Colchester or the reeve in Bedfordshire.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OSLAC. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5732953 Oslac }{\insrsid12807907 is an uncommon name which occurs seventeen times, distributed among eight counties and the lands of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 
the king and fourteen of his tenants-in-chief; two survivors held a manor each in Northamptonshire and Warwickshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5732953 . }{\insrsid12807907 Its}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5732953  distribution is }{\insrsid12807907 skewed}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid5732953 , falling into }{\insrsid12807907 three}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5732953  groups, in Shropshire, the Midlands, and East Anglia and Essex}{\insrsid12807907 , with a solitary outlier in Devon recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7752256 Exon}{\insrsid12807907 .; there are no significant clusters.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OSLAC <OF FLECKNOE>. }{\insrsid12807907 Oslac, who held land in Flecknoe in Warwickshire from Thorkil of Warwick}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 17,29}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, may be one of Thorkil's relatives. Flecknoe is a 'family' vill and Oslac's predecessor - Edwin - possibly another member of Thorkil's family: Williams, '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 A }{\insrsid12807907 v}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ice-}{
\insrsid12807907 c}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 omital }{\insrsid12807907 f}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 amily}{\insrsid12807907 
', pp. 293-94. If so, then it is unlikely he is the same man as the other survivor, Oslac of Lubenham, whose manors were in Leicestershire and Northamptonshire where the reach of Thorkil's clan does not appear to have extended. He is unidentified in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 28373).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OSLAC <OF INGRAVE>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is uncommon and his manor respectable, the Oslac whose manor of Ingrave in Essex was acquired by Ranulf brother of Ilger}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12849820 ESS 37,1}}}{
\insrsid12807907  might be one of the other two Oslacs in the county, with roughly comparable manors; but there are no links to confirm this.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OSLAC <OF KESGRAVE>. }{\insrsid12807907 Oslac, whose ten acres at Kesgrave in Suffolk was acquired by Robert Malet}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 6,114}}}{\insrsid12807907 , has 
no links with his namesakes, though he might be the Oslac at Soham, Thorpe or Wantisden, no great distance away.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OSLAC <OF LETHERINGSETT>. }{\insrsid12807907 Oslac, whose manor of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10177746 Letheringsett}{\insrsid12807907 
 in Norfolk was acquired by Walter Giffard, may have held its dependencies in Bodham and Hunworth, where no pre-Conquest landowners are named}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 25,17;21-22}}}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OSLAC <OF MONTGOMERY>. }{\insrsid12807907 Oslac, whose shared site of Montgomery and its dependencies in Shropshire was acquired by Earl Roger of Shrewsbury}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4212374 SHR 4,1,35}{
\insrsid12807907 -36}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, was evidently a man of substance. The manor is very extensive - over fifty hides - exempt from all tax by King Edward, and held by the three landowners who shared it 'for hunting'. One of Oslac's co-owners was the magnate Siward the fat (}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11759676 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ). D
espite his substance, no normal demesne manors can be confidently assigned to Oslac. He has no namesakes within the county and no links with those outside. Among these, the Midland landowner Oslac White is the most likely to be the Shropshire Oslac.

\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OSLAC <OF OTTERY>. }{\insrsid12807907 Oslac, who according to }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6717044 Exon.}{\insrsid12807907  shared a manor at Ottery in Devon with two other thanes }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11759676 
Robert of Aumale}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 28,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 , has no links with his remote namesakes.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OSLAC <OF SOHAM>. }{\insrsid12807907 Oslac, whose modest manor at Soham in Suffolk was acquired by Hugh de Montfort}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 31,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has no links with his Suffolk namesakes, though he might be the Oslac at Kesgrave, Thorpe or Wantisden, no great distance away.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OSLAC <OF STEVINGTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is uncommon and his manor respectable, the Oslac whose manor of Stevington in Essex was acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11759676 Tihel the Breton}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12849820 ESS }{\insrsid12807907 38,2}}}{\insrsid12807907  might be one of the other two Oslacs in the county, with roughly comparable manors; but there are no links to confirm this.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OSLAC <OF SWANTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 
In view of the rarity of the name, it is likely that the Oslac with a modest pre-Conquest holding at Swanton in Norfolk is the same man as the lord of two free men at Carleton in the same Hundred}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 9,221-222}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; but less l
ikely to be the same man as Oslac of Letheringsett on the opposite side of the county.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OSLAC <OF THORPE>. }{\insrsid12807907 Oslac, whose ten acres at Thorpe in Suffolk were acquired by Earl Hugh of Chester}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 4,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has no links with his Suffolk namesakes, though he might be the Oslac at Kesgrave, Soham or Wantisden, no great distance away.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OSLAC <OF TOLLESHUNT>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is uncommon and his manor respectable, the Oslac whose manor of Tolleshunt in Essex was acquired by Bishop Odo of Bayeux}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12849820 
ESS }{\insrsid12807907 18,45}}}{\insrsid12807907  might be one of the other two Oslacs in the county, with roughly comparable manors; but there are no links to confirm this.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OSLAC <OF WANTISDEN>. }{\insrsid12807907 Oslac, whose three acres at Wantisden in Suffolk were acquired by Count Alan of Brittany}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 3,91}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has no links with his Suffolk namesakes, though he might be the Oslac at Kesgrave, Soham or Thorpe, no great distance away.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 OSLAC [* WHITE *]. }{\insrsid12807907 All but one of the Oslacs in the Midlands may be Oslac White}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{\insrsid12807907 named as }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
overlord of two Freemen on the royal manor of Barford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 1,21}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  but apparently without demesne manors of his own}{\insrsid12807907 . Flecknoe apart (below), the Midland Oslacs cluster}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  on the borders of Leicestershire and Northamptonshire}{\insrsid12807907 , their manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  devolving upon five tenants-in-chief. }{\insrsid12807907 White's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{
\insrsid12807907 nearest}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 namesakes}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  held a tight }{\insrsid12807907 group}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 - within two miles of each other - }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 of four manors astride the county boundary}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 at Marston Trussell and Thorpe Lubenham, acquired by Hugh of Grandmesnil}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 23,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
; East Farndon, held by Oslac among the king's thanes }{\insrsid12807907 in 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 60,5}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ; and Lubenham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 2,3-4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, acquired by the archbishop of York. }{\insrsid12807907 E}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ight }{\insrsid12807907 to nine miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  from this group are Swinford and Walcote, held by one man and acquired by Robert of Bucy}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
LEC 17,7-8}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . With one exception, these manors are isolated, no other Oslac holding land within a hundred }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . The exception, Oslac of Flecknoe}{\insrsid12807907 
 in Warwickshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , is conceivably the same man}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  though his family connections suggest otherwise. }{\insrsid12807907 If correctly identified, }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Oslac White}{\insrsid12807907 , l}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ike many other}{\insrsid12807907 s,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  appears to have survived on a fragment of his previous estate}{\insrsid12807907 , at }
{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 East Farndon. He is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 27546).}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OSMER}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10170546 .}{\insrsid12807907  Osmer is an uncommon name which occurs}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 eighteen}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  times}{
\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 on modest holdings distributed among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11369628  six counties}{\insrsid12807907 
 between Devon and Cheshire - none on the eastern side of the country - and the lands of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 the king and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11369628 eight}{\insrsid12807907  of his tenants-in-chief, wi
th one cluster in Cheshire. Survivors held four manors.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OSMER <OF }{\insrsid12807907 BOWOOD}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is uncommon, the tenants of the bishop of Salisbury at Bowood and Buckham in Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 3,17-18}}}{
\insrsid12807907  - six miles apart - are very probably one man, who is also likely to be the king's thane who succeeded his father at Otterhampton in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 47,25}}}{\insrsid12807907 , these being the only surviv
ing Osmers in Domesday Book apart from a priest in Derbyshire. As he was preceded by his father, he is unlikely to be the Osmer in Devon, the only other Osmer south of Leicestershire. Osmer's manor at Bowood is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{
\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 365)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  320, under the form }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3016929 Oswar}{\insrsid12807907 ; the other tenants are unidentified (nos. 2547, 15313).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OSMER <OF }{\insrsid12807907 LEIGH}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 As the only pre-Conquest lords in southern England, the two Osmers in Devon, at Rocombe and Leigh in Halberton}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
DEV 16,127. 17,50}}}{\insrsid12807907 , are possibly the same man though his manors are modest, some thirty-five miles apart, and devolved upon different tenants-in-chief.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OSMER <OF NEWTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 The Osmer whose waste manor of Newton Grange in Derbyshire was acquired by Henry of Ferrers}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 6,8}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 is somewhat isolated from his namesakes, with whom he has no links. It seems unlikely he is the same man as the Osmer in Cheshire, some forty miles away, or the priest at Derby in 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY B11}}}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OSMER <OF PEATLING>. }{\insrsid12807907 Osmer, whose modest holding at Peatling in Leicestershire was acquired by the Count of Meulan}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11369628 LEC 44,5}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , has no links with his namesakes, the nearest of whom is the one survivor north of the Thames, a priest in Derby.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11369628 OSMER <OF SHIPBROOK>. }{\insrsid12807907 Given}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11369628  the distribution of the name, it is likely that most if not all}{\insrsid12807907 
 ten Osmers in Cheshire are one man. Six of his manors devolved on Richard of Vernon, three on William Malbank, and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Claverton}{\insrsid12807907  on Hugh son of Osbern}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS FD5,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 . F
our of Richard's six manors form a tight group}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11369628 5,5;7;10-1}{\insrsid12807907 1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , the other pair - Audlem and Crewe}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 5,12-13}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 - spanning Malbank's manors of Austerson and 'Wisterton', Malbank's third manor, at Frith, being shared by a Leofwin who also shared 'Wisterton' with Osmer}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 8,31;35;38}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Hugh son of Osbern's manor at Claverton, though somewhat apart, was connected via a holding in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11369628 Northwich}{\insrsid12807907 , adjacent to Richard of Vernon's main cluster. See also }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid488012 
Sawyer and Thacker. '}{\insrsid12807907 Domesday survey of Cheshire', p. 323; Lewis, 'Introduction to the Cheshire Domesday', p. 20.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 OSMUND [* BENZ *]. Osmund is an uncommon name north of the Wash, occurring twice in Cheshire }{\insrsid12807907 and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  not}{\insrsid12807907  at all}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 in Rutland, Staffordshire or Yorkshire. Otherwise, there is a group of inter}{\insrsid12807907 relat}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
ed clusters in Nottinghamshire and the adjacent parts of south Derbyshire, south Lincolnshire and the northern tip of Leiceste
rshire, the widow's peak of land between Lincolnshire and Nottinghamshire. There are no Osmunds to the north, and none for roughly forty }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  south of southern-most vill in th}{\insrsid12807907 is}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  cluster, a distribution }{\insrsid12807907 which }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 suggests that many of the manors within this area may }{\insrsid12807907 be}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  held by one man. If so, he }{
\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  probably Osmund }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Benz}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , a king's thane at Ilkeston in 1066 and 1086 in Derbyshire, who is probably the thane Osmund at }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Cellesdene}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  in the same wapentake at both dates}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3236164 DBY 17,}{\insrsid12807907 13;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3236164 18}}}{\insrsid12807907 ;}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  only one other Osmund in the country - in Hampshire - retained his manor }{\insrsid12807907 during those two decades}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 Benz is perhaps also the}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Osmund }{\insrsid12807907 at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Sandiacre, four }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  from Ilkeston, }{\insrsid12807907 another of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 the thanes }{\insrsid12807907 of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  1066}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3236164 DBY 17,}{\insrsid12807907 16}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .
\par \tab No other Osmund }{\insrsid12807907 in this area }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 held the same manor }{\insrsid12807907 for twenty years}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , but other tenants-in-chief had an Osmund }{\insrsid12807907 both }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 as predecessor }{\insrsid12807907 and as tenant}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . In Leicestershire, Robert of Tosny acquired seven manors from a group of four thanes}{\insrsid12807907  which included an Osmund}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
LEC 15,1-7}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  an Osmund }{\insrsid12807907 also being}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  his tenant at Hose}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 15,14}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{
\insrsid12807907 between one and six}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  from three of these manors. Similarly, Ralph of Buron acquired}{\insrsid12807907  Denby in Derbyshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
DBY 11,3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and three manors }{\insrsid12807907 in Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 15,1-3}}}{\insrsid12807907  from an Osmund}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and had Osmund as a tenant at Hucknall and Lamcote i}{
\insrsid12807907 n the same county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 15,4;7}}}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 In Lincolnshire}{\insrsid12807907  the links are more tenuous.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Robert of Stafford acquired Boultham, Rauceby and }{\insrsid12807907 Silk }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Willoughby from an Osmund}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
}{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 LIN 5}{\insrsid12807907 9,3;12;15;20}}}{\insrsid12807907  but had no tenant}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  of that name, while the bishop of Lincoln had Osmund as a tenant at Quarring
ton and Evedon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 L}{\insrsid12807907 IN 7,48;50}}}{\insrsid12807907  but no }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Osmund}{\insrsid12807907 s among his predecessors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. The bishop's tenant and Robert's predecessor may, however, be the same man}{\insrsid12807907 , since}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Quarrington is }{\insrsid12807907 a couple of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  from }{\insrsid12807907 both }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Willoughby and Rauceby. The one other Osmund in the county, }{\insrsid12807907 a }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 predecessor of Drogo of la Beuvri\'e8
re at Thimbleby}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 LIN 30,}{\insrsid12807907 18}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , the only Lincolnshire Osmund outside Kesteven, }{\insrsid12807907 is }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 almost twenty }{
\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  from the nearest of his namesakes. This Osmund may be a different man, though one characteristic }{\insrsid12807907 might suggest}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  otherwise. 
Thimbleby is a fairly substantial manor, the most valuable of those in Lincolnshire, and Osmund }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Benz }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 - if all these Osmunds are Osmund }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Benz }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 - had few such manors for a landholder with land in several counties.
\par \tab Two other tenants-in-chief had predecessors but not tenants in these counties: in Derbyshire, Henry of Ferrers acquired Osmaston and its dependency}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 6,88-89}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, and in Nottinghamshire Grove and its dependencies devolved upon Roger of Bully}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 9,22-24}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . If }{\insrsid12807907 Dr}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 Fleming's thesis on 'block' grants by wapentake is valid, the tenancies-in-chief are not a significant identifying characteristic because Roger of Bully and Henry of Ferrers were granted the bulk of the wapentakes}{\insrsid12807907  concerned}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Kings and lords}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 162, 164. Since Osmaston is }{\insrsid12807907 nine}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  from the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Benz}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  manor of Sandiacre, and }{\insrsid12807907 eleven}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  from that at Ilkeston, this Osmund, too, }{
\insrsid12807907 is conceivably}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Osmund }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Benz}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . The Bully manors are slightly further apart; and in the absence of a tenurial association, there is no b
asis for an identification other than the }{\insrsid12807907 broad }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 distribution}{\insrsid12807907 al}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  pattern.
\par \tab The}{\insrsid12807907  more tenuous of these suggested identifications}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  should be seen in three contexts: none of the seven tenants-in-chief had predecessors or tenants named Osmund outside the region; o
nly two other tenants-in-chief had }{\insrsid12807907 an }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Osmund as both tenant and predecessor elsewhere in Domesday Book; and distribution of the name north of the Wash }{\insrsid12807907 is}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  limited and patterned. The manor of Osmund Benz at Ilkeston is recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 3064) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 318; the bishop of Lincoln's tenant is identified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 12080)}{\insrsid12807907  but not included}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907 ; the remaining tenants}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 unidentified (nos. 26407, 32511, 35501, 35504).
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OSMUND [* OF ANJOU *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Osmund, uncle of Guy of Anjou (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11540698 q.v}{\insrsid12807907 .) who preceded his nephew at Anmer }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11540698 in Norfolk}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\cf1\insrsid12807907 NFK 8,31}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 ,}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid11540698  is probably Osmund of Anjou}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 ,}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid11540698  named on the royal manor of Hatfield in}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
 Essex}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 ESS 1,3}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 , both being intermediate landowners. No other Osmunds fit this description. }{\insrsid12807907 As an intermediate landowner, his manors are not listed in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13901277 Coel}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\i\insrsid12807907 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907  or the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13901277 Statistics}{\insrsid12807907  database.}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OSMUND <OF EATON>. }{\insrsid12807907 The Osmunds whose manors in Surrey}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUR 18,2-4}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Hampshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 21,3;5}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Wiltshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
WIL 21,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907  devolved upon Earl Roger of Shrewsbury are probably one man. All were subinfeudated to the same tenant, Turold nephew of Wigot (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4332064 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
), who held only one other manor from the earl. In Surrey, Earl Roger's entire fief was acquired from Osmund, and in 
Wiltshire two of his three manors there. After the king and the earls, Osmund was one of Earl Roger's most significant predecessors. Only one other Osmund held land before the Conquest in those three counties, an insignificant holding at Bentley in Hampsh
ire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 
\tab HAM 69,15}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Dr Williams suggests Osmund may have been Turold's father: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4204244 English and the Norman Conquest}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 102. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 A list of }{
\insrsid12807907 his}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  manor}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 English }{\i\insrsid12807907 n}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 obility}{
\i\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 p. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6371565 329}{\insrsid12807907 . Dr Clarke ranks him seventieth in wealth among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 untitled laymen.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par O}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SMUND [* THE DANE *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Osmund, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 from whom Giles brother of Ansculf acquired Stuchbury in Northamptonshire}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{
\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  probably }{\insrsid12807907 O}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 smund the Dane}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  from whom he also obtained the }{\insrsid12807907 nearby}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  holding in Thorpe Mandeville}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 43,7-8}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Giles had no other predecessors or tenants }{\insrsid12807907 named Asmund or Osmund}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907  There are other Osmunds in the county, none with links to Giles' predecessor, though the Osmund at Syresham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 21,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 is a few miles away, the manor of Halse to which it belonged only two miles across the fields.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OSMUND [* THE INTERPRETER *]. Osmund}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held Pomeroy }{\insrsid12807907 among the king's thanes }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 in Wiltshire in 1066 and 1086}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL
 66,8}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  is }{\insrsid12807907 named}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Osmund the interpreter in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 the Geld Roll for }{\insrsid12807907 
Bradford Hundred, where Pomeroy lay}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VCH Wiltshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , ii. 198. }{\insrsid12807907 His manor is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 
recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 1767)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  319, where he is identified as 'possibly' the tenant of Swein of Essex (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3152533 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ) at Milborne Stileham in Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 56,53}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 though the grounds for doing so are not apparent}{\insrsid12807907 ; Milborne is over fifty miles from Pomeroy, Galton and Woodstreet, held by another king's thane, Osmund the baker, being far closer}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
DOR 57,17-18}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . See also Tsurushima, 'Domesday interpreters', p. 208.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OSPAK. }{\insrsid12807907 The forename Ospak occurs four times, twice each in Nottinghamshire and Norfolk, all modest properties held by pre-Conquest landowners, likely to have been held by one man in each county.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OSPAK <OF }{\insrsid12807907 DALLING}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, the Ospak who held a modest holding at Field Dalling in Norfolk in 1066}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 1,42}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 is probably the overlord of a free man at Antingham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4152115 NFK 9,150}}}{\insrsid12807907 , eighteen miles away. He may have been the father of Ansketil son of Ospak, tenant of Robert Gernon at Barningham}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NFK 66,99}}}{\insrsid12807907 , almost exactly midway between Dalling and Antingham.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OSPAK <OF SIBTHORPE>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, the Ospaks whose modest manors in Sibthorpe and Saxondale in Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 2,1. 9,103}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 were acquired by Count Alan of Brittany and Roger of Bully may be one man, his manors devolving upon different tenants-in-chief perhaps in consequence of the allocation of much of the county by wapentake: Fleming, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4152115 
Kings and lords}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 162-64. The vills are eight miles apart.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OSWALD.}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Oswald is a rare }{\insrsid12807907 name which occurs}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 once each in Hampshire and }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Staffordshire, }{\insrsid12807907 twice in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Somerset and }{\insrsid12807907 nine times in Surrey.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OSWALD [* BROTHER OF ABBOT WULFWOLD *]. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, t}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 he Oswald who held a small fief among the royal thanes in Surrey}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUR 36,1-5}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  identified there as the abbot (of Chertsey)'s brother}{\insrsid12807907 , is almost certainly the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Oswald who held Effingham from the abbey of Chertsey, and }{\insrsid12807907 
probably the Oswald who held a second manor in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Effingham and }{\insrsid12807907 another in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Mickleham from Richard of Tonbridge}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUR 8,20. 19,19;44}}}{\insrsid12807907 
; he retained both manors in Mickleham and three of those he held in chief for twenty years}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 T}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 he one remaining Oswald in the county was a predecessor }{
\insrsid12807907 of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Richard}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUR 19,13}}}{\insrsid12807907 , so probably}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the same }{\insrsid12807907 Oswald}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 915)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{
\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 320, apart from Mickleham and the Chertsey manor, whose tenants are unidentified (nos. 15453, 15512).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OSWALD}{\insrsid12807907  <OF DURBOROUGH>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907  As the name is rare, the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Oswald}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }
{\insrsid12807907 who held Durborough and Marksbury in Somerset from the abbe}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 y}{\insrsid12807907  of Glastonbury in 1066}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 8,8;29}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are probably one man. He is the only Oswald in the south-western counties or on the Glastonbury Honour.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OSWALD}{\insrsid12807907  <OF HINTS>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Oswald}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 
who held land for seven ploughteams from the b}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13702266 ishop of Chester}{\insrsid12807907  at Hints in Staffordshire in 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 2,22}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has no links with his namesakes, none of whom occur north of the Thames}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 He is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 31348).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OSWALD}{\insrsid12807907  <OF TWYFORD>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Oswald}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 
whose wife Aldgyth held the substantial manor of Twyford in Hampshire from the b}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8797380 ishop of Winchester}{\insrsid12807907  after 1066}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 2,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, will have been a significant landowner; but he held no land in his own name in 10
66 so his identity is unknown. There are no other Oswalds in southern England whose identity is not reasonably certain. Twyford was by a considerable margin the most valuable manor held by an Aldgyth in 1066 or 1086.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OSWARD. }{\insrsid12807907 Osward is a fairly common name }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2513720 which }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 occurs }{\insrsid12807907 almost fifty}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 
 times, distributed among }{\insrsid12807907 ten }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 counties and the lands of the king and }{\insrsid12807907 more than twenty of his tenants}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  tenants-in-chief}{\insrsid12807907 
. With a single exception, the name occurs only south of the Wash, with a marked clustering in Kent, Surrey and Sussex, where all but one of the twenty most valuable manors lay. There is a scattering of manors in the western co
unties between Wiltshire and Worcestershire. Survivors held ten manors spread across six counties between Wiltshire and Yorkshire.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
OSWARD [* OF NORTON *]. In view of the distribution of the name, it is likely that most if not all Oswards in the adjacent counties of Kent, Surrey and Sussex are Osward of Norton, who had full jurisdiction in western Kent}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN D25}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and }{\insrsid12807907 was perhaps the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  sheriff }{\insrsid12807907 named on the royal manor of Dartford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 1,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 : Green, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 English sheriffs}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 50. }{\insrsid12807907 
Dr Williams suggests that some of these manors may have been held by another Osward, Osward of Harrietsham, named in a charter of the late 1040s, on the grounds that apart from his byname the Osward who held Harrietsham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid1402933 5,63}}}{\insrsid12807907  was not succeeded by Hugh of Port, the tenant who succeeded Osward of Norton on several other manors in Kent (including Norton) and was}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  one of }{\insrsid12807907 
his}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  successors as sheriff}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1402933 World before Domesday}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 49-50, 57, 173 notes 31-37, 177-78 notes 99-104. However, although Hugh was Osward's most important successor, there were eight others in Kent alone; and as aliases from estate names are common in the period, 'of Harrietsham' may
 well be one of them, like Norton itself. Osward}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  was the predecessor of the bishop of Bayeux at }{\insrsid12807907 both Harrietsham and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Norton and on most of his other manors in Kent}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 KEN }{\insrsid12807907 5,63;70;91;111;115-118;143;153}}}{\insrsid12807907  and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  also acquired the single manor held by }{\insrsid12807907 an }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Osward in Essex
}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
ESS 18,14}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 The bishop's predecessor may also be the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Osward }{\insrsid12807907 who}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  held the three remaining Kentish manors: Cr}{
\insrsid12807907 ayford and Sheppey}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 2,7;37}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  from the archbishop of Canterbury according to the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday Monachorum}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 (pp. 85-86)}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and Sellindge, acquired by Hugh de Montfort}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 KEN 9,}{\insrsid12807907 24}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. The substantial manor of Crayford was adjacent to the royal manor of Dartford where Osward was active}{\insrsid12807907  as }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 sheriff, and the valuable manor of Sellindge lay in western Kent}{\insrsid12807907 , where }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Osward of Norton had full jurisdiction.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 \tab In 
Sussex, where the allocation of each of the Rapes to a single tenant-in-chief obliterated Anglo-Saxon tenurial arrangements, it is likely that the Oswards who held land in four of the Rapes are this man. In three of the four Rapes at least one of his mano
rs was substantial, and in the fourth the single manor was not negligible and was held from King Edward, like the majority of others}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5929722 
9,3;14;94;114;123. 10,35;87;91. 12,24;27;32. 13,50}}}{\insrsid12807907 . In one case, manorial links confirm a connection, two of the tenants-in-chief having an interest in Claverham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 9,94;114. 10,87}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Additionally, two of the manors were held by Osward}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8201178  at both dates}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 12,24;27}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and a third}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8201178  in 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 9,14}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. These manors are among his most modest in the three counties, so it is 
possible that Osward was allowed to survive on a fraction of his former estate, as happened to many other English magnates. Finally, in Surrey, two of the three manors were valuable or very valuable}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUR 15,2. 34,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, while the third was acquired by Haimo the sheriff}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUR 8,26}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, Osward's successor in that office in Kent in 1086. Apart from the status of most of his manors, what makes these tenuous associations reasonably persuasive evidence of identity is the absence of Oswards elsewhere on the map, with n
ot a single name in the adjacent counties: none in Hampshire, and none at all in circuits three and four or in Suffolk.
\par \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 A list of }{\insrsid12807907 Osward's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  manor}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13770184 English nobility}{
\i\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 pp. }{\insrsid12807907 329-31}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 , }{\insrsid12807907 which}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  }{\insrsid12807907 does not include }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid8201178 Crayford}{\insrsid12807907  and Sheppey, recorded in the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8201178 Domesday Monachorum}{\insrsid12807907 , or the manors acquired by William of Warenne}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 12,24;27;32}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and William of Braose}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 13,50}}}{\insrsid12807907  in Sussex. Dr Clarke ranks Osward thirty-first in wealth among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 untitled laymen; the additional manors woul
d raise him several places, higher still if allowance is made for the income he probably derived from managing the royal manors: Williams, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5929722 World before Domesda}{\insrsid12807907 
y, p. 57. Osward's 1086 holdings are attributed to three unidentified tenants in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14166443 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (nos. 15786, 16363, 16366).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par OSWARD <OF ORDSALL>. }{\insrsid12807907 Osward, whose land at Ordsall in Nottinghamshire was acquired by Roger of Bully}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 9,19}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has no links with his namesakes. There are no other Oswards in the county or on the Honour of Roger of Bully.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OSWARD [* OF TREWSBURY *]. Osward}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held Trewsbury in Gloucestershire from Gilbert son of Turold}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 52,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  is }{\insrsid12807907 named}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Osward }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 de Trusseberie}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in a charter of Henry I}{\insrsid12807907 : }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14317018 Facsimiles of royal charters}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4858515 , no. }{\insrsid12807907 5}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 As}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 his}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  name is not particularly common, he }{\insrsid12807907 may be the one}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  other Osward in Gloucestershire, who held Rodmarton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GLS 78,}{\insrsid12807907 
4}}}{\insrsid12807907  - three miles away -}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in 1066 and 1086}{\insrsid12807907 , and perhaps }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 the Osward who held in Nether Stowey }{\insrsid12807907 in Somerset for two decades}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SOM 35,12}}}{\insrsid12807907 . He shared Stowey with}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  an Alward, and Osward of Trewsbury was preceded at Trewsbury by an Alward who, in turn, may be the Alward who succeeded Osward at Milton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 46,17;19}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . These are the only three }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in Domesday Book where Alward and Osward appear together; and since the Stowey entry shows that both were survivors from 1066, }{
\insrsid12807907 this is unlikely to be}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  a coincidence}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  though the }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  were in different h}{\insrsid12807907 
ands by the thirteenth century: }{\i\insrsid12807907 Book of Fees,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  p. 819; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VCH Gloucestershire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , xi.}{\insrsid12807907  }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 238; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VCH Somerset,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  v. 193. Alward and Osward }{\insrsid12807907 may have been}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  brothers, or close relations. }{
\insrsid12807907 Trewsbury is recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 8793)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  320; the other tenants are unidentified (nos. 15150, 29893).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \cbpat8 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid9380602 OSWULF}{\insrsid12807907  <OF HARDWICK>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9380602 .}{\insrsid12807907 
 The Oswulfs on adjacent manors in Hardwick and Burston in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 23,24-25}}}{\insrsid12807907  acquired by Miles Crispin and both subinfeudated to a William are probably one man
, possibly Oswulf son of Frani, though there are no links to confirm this. There are no other Oswulfs on Miles' Honour.}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9380602 OSWULF}{\insrsid12807907  <OF WILLINGHAM>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9380602 . }{\insrsid12807907 Oswulf, whose virgate worth three shillings at Willingham in Cambridgeshire was acquired by Count Alan of Brittany}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
CAM 14,57}}}{\insrsid12807907 , has no links with his namesakes. There are no other Oswulfs in the county or on the Count's Honour.}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OSWULF [* SON OF FRANI *]. }{\insrsid12807907 It
 is likely that most, if not all, Oswulfs in the ten counties of circuits three and four are Oswulf son of Frani, designated predecessor of Robert of Tosny in Hertfordshire, where Robert acquired his fief from Oswulf}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 21,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, and named in full on his manors acquired by Robert at Cheddington in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 18,2}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Studham in Bedfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 26,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. On three of these, he is described as a royal thane, so he is probably the royal thane Oswulf who preceded Robert at Clifton Reynes in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 18,3}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Oakley in Bedfordshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
BDF 26,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 . The third manor on Robert's Bedfordshire fief was also held by an Oswulf, evidently the same man}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 26,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 since the three manors constituted Robert's fief. In view of this pattern, he is likely to be the Oswulf who preceded Robert in Leicestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 15,1-7}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Northamptonshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NTH 26,1;6;8}}}{\insrsid12807907 . In both counties, Frani of Ashley (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11930696 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ), perhaps Oswulf's father, held land within four miles of one of these manors, in Northamptonshire as Robert's predecessor}
{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid11930696 NTH 26,10}}}{\insrsid12807907 .}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11930696 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 \tab The son of Frani is also named as the lord of men whose lands were acquired by the Count of Mortain, Count Eustace of Boulogne and Robert d'Oilly in Hertfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 15,7. 17,1. 19,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, so he may be the Oswulf at Wigginton, where the Count acquired the land of his man, Leofric}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 15,5}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and perhaps at Furtho in Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 18,55}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, where an Oswulf preceded the Count. Of the five remaining Oswulfs in the two circuits, the man of King Edward on the valuable manor of Sherington in Buckinghamshire, four miles from Clifton Reynes, is probably the Frani's son, and perhaps also 
the Oswulf at Moulsoe, five miles south of Sherington}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 5,20. 14,45}}}{\insrsid12807907 . The two manors in the county acquired by Miles Crispin}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 23,24-25}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, though possibly his also, have no discernible links and are here attributed to another Oswulf, as is the one manor in Cambridgeshire. No Oswulf in this area survived until 1086. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 A list of }{\insrsid12807907 Oswulf's }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 manor}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 English }{\i\insrsid12807907 n}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 obility}{\i\insrsid12807907 , }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 pp. }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8529453 331-32}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 , }{\insrsid12807907 which}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  }{\insrsid12807907 does not }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14829811 include }
{\insrsid12807907 the Leicestershire manors or Moulsoe and Sherington. Dr Clarke ranks Oswulf eighty-seventh in wealth among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 
untitled laymen; the additional manors would raise him a dozen or more places.}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \cbpat8 {\cf1\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 OTHENKAR [* SON OF ALNOTH *]. }{\insrsid12807907 All Othenkars in Domesday Book may be one man, who is perhaps the }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Oingar}{\insrsid12807907  son of Alnoth of Nottingham}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  whose (unspecified) land in the county was granted to the Church of Durham shortly after the Domesday Survey: Bates, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Regesta}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , no. 116, p. 409. The form }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Oingar}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is otherwise unknown but will fit no one else in Domesday Book}{
\insrsid12807907 . T}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 he seven Othenkars in Nottinghamshire }{\insrsid12807907 are }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 probably the same man}{\insrsid12807907  since all were }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 prede
cessors of Roger of Bully}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
}{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 9,1;76;92;96;100;106;108}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , only one }{\insrsid12807907 them}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  in a 'Bully' wapentake. Willoughby}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15553497 -on-the-Wolds}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NTT 9,92}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , somewhat isolated from the other manors, lay in the block of territory held by William Peverel, }{\insrsid12807907 suggesting}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Roger acquired it by antecession: Fleming, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Kings and lords}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 148-52, 162-64. Roger acquired the land of an Alnoth at Thrumpton, eight }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  south-west of Nottingham}{
\insrsid12807907 , one of two Alnoths in the county, the other possibly the same man (below)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .
\par \tab The one Derbyshire manor, at Shipley}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 13,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , devolved upon Gilbert of Ghent, who also acquired Croft and Wainfleet in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 24,74-75}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, his manors bracketing those in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Nottinghamshire. Of the remaining Lincolnshire }{\insrsid12807907 holdings}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , those acquired by Jocelyn son of Lambert 
included one in Wainfleet alongside Gilbert}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 28,41}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{\insrsid12807907 and jurisdictions of the bishop of Bayeux's manor of Ashby Puerorum}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 4,65-66}}}{\insrsid12807907  in Markby and}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Bag Enderby}{\insrsid12807907 , the other two vills the bishop acquired from Othenkar}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 as dependencies of Ashby}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 LIN 28,39-4}{
\insrsid12807907 0}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Only Willoughton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 48,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  has no obvious links with other manors, though it is of comparable status.
\par \tab Less certainly, the tenant of Countess Judith at Gaddesby in Leicestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 LEC }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12012890 40,35}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  may be Alnoth}{
\insrsid12807907 's son}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . This Othenkar, the only survivor, may have held the manor before the Conquest}{\insrsid12807907 , too,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  since no 1066 lord is recorded. Gaddesby is some }{
\insrsid12807907 eleven}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  south of Othenkar's manor of Willoughby}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 NTT 9,9}{\insrsid12807907 2
}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and is adjacent to Rearsby, held by an Alnoth - }{\insrsid12807907 the other Alnoth}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 in the county - before the Conquest. If he is the son of Alnoth, then like many of his peers he was left holding a fragment of his previous estate in 1086. He is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 (no. 26636).
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11738112 OTTO.}{\insrsid12807907  The name Otto is difficult to disentangle from the more common Odo/Oda and other forms, Otto the goldsmith, for instance, appearing as Otto, Otho and Odo. For
ssner has declared it to be 'a useless task' to separate the forms: }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8214004 Continental-Germanic personal names}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 198-99. Apart from the one Odo who can be identified as the goldsmith, Odo is here treated as a separate name. There appear to be no grounds for identifying the other two }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid3491672 Otho}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
s in the text}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab SUR 19,33. WIL 69,92}}}{\insrsid12807907  with the Ottos discussed below.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3491672 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11738112 OTTO }{\insrsid12807907 <OF CHEADLE>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11738112 .}{\insrsid12807907  Otto, who held a half-hide at Cheadle among the king's thanes in Staffordshire in 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 17,19}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, does not appear to be related to his one namesake, the goldsmith. His name-form (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3491672 Otha}{\insrsid12807907 ) is unique in Domesday. He is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1727758 Coel}{\insrsid12807907 
 (no. 31626).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11738112 OTTO [* THE GOLDSMITH *].}{\insrsid12807907  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3491672 Odo}{\insrsid12807907 , who held Hawkstead in Suffolk from the abbey of Bury St Edmunds}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 14,13}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is almost certainly Otto the goldsmith, who subsequently donated land there to the abbey, a gift confirmed by Henry I: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11738112 Feudal documents}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 61-62. Otto was a minor tenant-in-chief in Cambridgeshire and Essex, and managed royal lands in Essex and Suffolk. His son, another Otto, succeeded him: }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid918051 Round, }{\insrsid12807907 'Early reference to Domesday}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid918051 '}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 555-57. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 121)
}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  320-21.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OWEN <OF LYE>. }{\insrsid12807907 Owen (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4152115 Ouen}{\insrsid12807907 ), whose manors at Lye in Herefordshire were acquired by Ralph of Mortimer and Gruffydd Boy}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2957049 HEF 9,14}{\insrsid12807907 . 31,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is the only man of this name in Domesday Book. The name might be confused with Owine; but there are no links between the bearers of those names.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OWINE}{\insrsid12807907 "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5859887 Owine}{\insrsid12807907  is a}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15026591  rare}{\insrsid12807907  name which occurs}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid15026591  four times}{\insrsid12807907 , once each in Derbyshire and Essex and twice in Cheshire: von Feilitzen}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 , }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 Pre-Conquest personal names}{
\insrsid12807907 , p. 342. The rural }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1339468 Owine}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 s }{\insrsid12807907 are pre-Conquest landowners.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OWINE}{\insrsid12807907 " }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 <OF AUSTERSON>. }{\insrsid12807907 The }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5859887 Owine}{\insrsid12807907 
s whose modest manors of Basford and Austerson in Cheshire - six}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15026591  miles apart}{\insrsid12807907  - were acquired by William Malbank}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 8,27;31}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are very probably one man. As his name is very rare, it is possible he is the same man as the one other rural }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5859887 Owine}{\insrsid12807907 , on a comparable manor at Bradwell in Derbyshire, some forty-fiv
e miles away; but there are no links to confirm an identification.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OWINE}{\insrsid12807907 " }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 <OF BRADWELL>. }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5859887 Owine}{\insrsid12807907 , whose share in t
he modest manor of Bradwell in Derbyshire was acquired by William Peverel}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 7,8}}}{\insrsid12807907 , has no links with his namesake in Cheshire, though as his name is very rare, he might be the one other rural 
}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5859887 Owine}{\insrsid12807907 , in Cheshire, some forty-five miles away; but there are no links to confirm an identification.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OWINE}{\insrsid12807907 " }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 <OF COLCHESTER>. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2957049 Owine}{\insrsid12807907 , who had a house in Colchester}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS B3a}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,
 has no links with his northern namesakes.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 PALLI. }{\insrsid12807907 The name Palli occurs twice, once each in Gloucestershire and Warwickshire, both borne by pre-Conquest lords.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 PALLI <OF }{\insrsid12807907 BLEDISLOW}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 Palli, whose small manor of Bledislow in Gloucestershire was acquired by Walter the bowman}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid16541855 GLS 58,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 , might be the one other Palli, at Middleton in Warwickshire, but there are no links to confirm this.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 PALLI <OF MIDDLETON>. }{\insrsid12807907 Palli, whose fairly substantial manor of Middleton in Warwickshire was acquired by Hugh of Grandmesnil}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4152115 WAR 18,4}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , might be the Palli at Bledislow in Gloucestershire, his one namesake, but there are no links to confirm this.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12022799 PAYNE. Payne is a }{\insrsid12807907 fairly}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12022799  common }{\insrsid12807907 name which occurs }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2513720 which }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 occurs }{
\insrsid12807907 almost fifty}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  times, distributed among }{\insrsid12807907 nineteen }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 counties and the lands of the king and }{\insrsid12807907 eighteen}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 
 of his tenants-in-chief}{\insrsid12807907 , with one cluster in the adjacent counties of Buckinghamshire, Cambridgeshire and Hertfordshire. All but three Paynes are 1086 landowners, tenants o
f fifteen tenants-in-chief, none of whom appears to have had more than one tenant of that name. Although fairly common, no tenant-in-chief bore this forename}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12022799 .}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 PAYNE }{\insrsid12807907 [* FATHER OF EDMUND *]. Payne is a}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 rare}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  name }{\insrsid12807907 in 1066}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
, occurring once each in Gloucestershire and Norfolk}{\insrsid12807907  and once or twice in Hampshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . In the last two counties}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 Payne}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  is probably the father of Edmund}{\insrsid12807907 , since}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  he }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  succeeded by Edmund son of Payne}{\insrsid12807907  in Norfolk}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NFK 46,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\insrsid12807907 and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  in Hampshire he may be the }{\insrsid12807907 father who preceded an Edmund at 'Michelton'}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12022799 HAM 69,20}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , while his unnamed manor in the New Forest lay in the same Hundred of Boldre as one of Edmund's}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM NF9,26;45}}}{\insrsid12807907 . He is probably the Payne who held two manors in Boldre itself}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13976244 
HAM NF9,19}}}{\insrsid12807907 , though the text is unclear as to when he held these manors. He}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 may, however, have survived the Conquest, the only other Payne in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
Hampshire }{\insrsid12807907 holding land at 'Buckholt' in the New Forest}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM NF9,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 in the Hundred }{\insrsid12807907 where two of Edmund's manors lay}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
HAM 69,51;54}}}{\insrsid12807907 , one of which he acquired from a}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Saewin, }{\insrsid12807907 Payne's predecessor at 'Buckholt'}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Payne}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 6693)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 PAYNE <OF }{\insrsid12807907 CLANFIELD}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 The Paynes who held Westbury in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 41,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and Clanfield and Bourton in Oxfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 29,18. 59,12}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 from Roger of Ivry are probably one man. The Oxfordshire manors are adjacent, and held by the only Paynes in the county; while Clanfield was held at a later date by Ralph Hareng, who also had land in Westbury: }{\i\insrsid12807907 Book of Fees,}{
\insrsid12807907  pp. 822, 871, 892; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VCH }{\i\insrsid12807907 Oxford}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 shire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\insrsid12807907 xv}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{
\insrsid12807907 81. There are no other Paynes in Oxfordshire or on Roger's Honour. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16522620 Payne's manors are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11210495  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16522620 in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16522620  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 3781) }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16522620 and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16522620  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16522620 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16522620 , p. 321}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907 PAYNE}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  <OF }{\insrsid12807907 COMPTON}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 The Paynes who held Compton Bassett and Cumberwell from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10050208 
Humphrey de l'Isle}{\insrsid12807907  are probably one man, the only Payne in the county, with the same predecessor on both manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10050208 27,2}{
\insrsid12807907 ;5}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Humphrey's Honour is confined to Wiltshire and is unlikely to include two Paynes among his comparatively few tenants. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 11534)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 but are not included in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10050208 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx180\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 PAYNE <OF HOGGESTON>. William son of Ansculf}{\insrsid12807907 's tenants}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BUK 17,9-12;14}{\insrsid12807907 ;26;29}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 Staffordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 12,14}}}{\insrsid12807907  }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid3755616 and Worcestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WOR 23,13}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3755616  }{\insrsid12807907 may be the same Payne}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3755616 ,}{\insrsid12807907  although }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3755616 
some of the}{\insrsid12807907 se}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  were}{\insrsid12807907  held by}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  different families in the thirteenth century}{
\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VCH Buckinghamshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , iii.}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 369-70, 415-17, 424; }{\i\insrsid12807907 Book of Fees,}{\insrsid12807907 
 p. 968. The}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Staffordshire and Worcestershire }{\insrsid12807907 manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 are within three miles of each other; and of the seven in Buckinghamshire, five lie within a }{\insrsid12807907 
four }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 mile radius of Stewkley, the other two being three miles apart}{\insrsid12807907 , though}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  William's fief in the county extends som}{\insrsid12807907 
e sixty miles from north to south. His }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Staffordshire and Worcestershire }{\insrsid12807907 
tenants are the only Paynes in those counties, while the two other Paynes in Buckinghamshire may be identified as other men with reasonable confidence. Payne was William's wealth
iest tenant, with a number of substantial manors in Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire. His}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16522620  manors are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11210495  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16522620 in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16522620  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 1903) }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16522620 and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16522620  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16522620 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16522620 , p. 321,}{\insrsid12807907  where the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Staffordshire }{\insrsid12807907 reference is missing}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 PAYNE <OF }{\insrsid12807907 LUBBESTHORPE}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 
William Peverel's tenants at Tetchwick in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 16,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Barby in Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 35,8}}}{\insrsid12807907 , 'Lubbesthorpe' in Leicestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 25,3}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Basford in Nottinghamshire}
{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NTT 10,51}}}{\insrsid12807907  are probably the same Payne. In the last three counties, he is the only Payne in the county; and the descent of the three manors, albeit broken, offers circumstantial evidence to support his identification: }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 Farrer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 Honors}{\insrsid12807907 , i. 168-73. The descent of Tetchwick was interrupted by forfeiture: }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 Farrer, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 Honors}{\insrsid12807907 , i. 222-26. He is one of Peverel's more important tenants, only two others being significantly better-endowed. Payne's manors are recorded}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11210495  }{
\insrsid12807907 in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 3705) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9265289 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 321.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \cbpat8 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 PAYNE [* THE STEWARD *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Paynes who held }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Anstey in Hertfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 37,20}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 and six manors in Cambridgeshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4152115 26,16;44-47;49}}}{
\insrsid12807907  from Hardwin of Scales are probably his steward, named in the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4152115 Inquisitio Eliensis}{\insrsid12807907 
 as a juror in Whittlesford Hundred, where his manor of Duxford lay (ed. Hamilton, p. 99). He is the only Payne in Cambridgeshire, and one of three in Hertfordshire. The other two, both tenants of the bishop of London, may also be Hardwin's steward }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid4152115 since their manors at Pelham and Meesden}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 4,13;17}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4152115  are adjacent to his manor of Anstey}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid4152115 
, Meesden being acquired from an Alward}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  who may be}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid4152115  the Alward who held Anstey}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4152115 . }{\insrsid12807907 Neither t}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4152115 he bishop }{
\insrsid12807907 or Hardwin }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4152115 had }{\insrsid12807907 other Paynes on their Honours. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4152115 The manors of Hardwin's tenant}{\insrsid12807907  are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4152115  }{
\insrsid12807907 recorded}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11210495  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4152115 in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4152115  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 983) }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4152115 and}{
\insrsid12807907  referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9265289 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 321; those of the bishop's tenant are unidentified (nos. 6990, 6995).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 PETER [* OF VALOGNES *]. }{\insrsid12807907 
P, or Peter, named on royal manors in Essex, is very probably Peter of Valognes, sheriff of Essex and Hertfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5124438 1,19;25}{\insrsid12807907 -}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5124438 27}}}{\insrsid12807907 : Green, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5124438 English sheriffs}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 39, 47. He may also be the Peter who held Libury from the bishop of Bayeux and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Graveley}{\insrsid12807907 
 and Boxbury from William of Eu - all in Hertfordshire - and Great Ryburgh in Norfolk from William of Warenne, since he held in chief in those vills}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 
and at Graveley his officer, Roger, held part of the manor from him}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 HRT 5,9. 28,}{\insrsid12807907 1;5. NFK 8,113}}}{\insrsid12807907 . He proba
bly also held Rye House in the county as well as Libury from the bishop of Bayeux}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 5,25}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, Bishop Odo having no other Peters on his extensive Honour; and he is very probably the one other unidentified Peter in the county, at Berkesden}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14297772 37,19}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , where he intervened officially in an exchange involving Libury. He was a tenant-in-chief in Essex and Hertfordshire and four other counties. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 395)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  322-23, apart from Graveley and Boxbury, whose tenants are unidentified (nos. 7187, 7192).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx360\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907 PICOT.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  }{\insrsid12807907 If the tenants-in-chief Picot of Cambridge and Picot
 of Sai are excluded, Picot is not a particularly common name, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 occur}{\insrsid12807907 ring}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  }{\insrsid12807907 twenty-six}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  times, distributed among }{
\insrsid12807907 ten}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  counties and the lands of the king and }{\insrsid12807907 a dozen}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  of his tenants-in-chief}{\insrsid12807907 
. There is one cluster in Yorkshire/Lincolnshire but otherwise an un-patterned scattering between Hampshire and Staffordshire. All Picots are post-Conquest landowners.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6431273 {\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx360\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 PICOT [* OF CAMBRI
DGE *]. Picot is a common name only in Cambridgeshire, where Picot of Cambridge was sheriff and tenant-in-chief}{\insrsid12807907 , 'a starving lion, a footloose wolf, a deceitful fox, a muddy swine, an impudent dog' who, according to the }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4667508 Liber Eliensis}{\insrsid12807907  (ed Fairweather, p. 25), acted 'as if the whole county was one carcass, he claimed it all for himself'}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . He is }{\insrsid12807907 very }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 probably the unidentified Picot on all entries in the county}{\insrsid12807907 , named as such on several of them in the satellite texts}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 B12-13. }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid790600 5,24. 14,39;41;58. 31,7. 36,1. 41,9}}}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis}{\insrsid12807907  (ed. Hamilton pp. 52-53, 75, 78, 84, 93-94, 106, 123)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . The context }{\insrsid12807907 indicates his identity}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  in }{\insrsid12807907 entries}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  relating }{\insrsid12807907 to }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
the royal lands}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 1,14-16;23}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and to his activities at Orwell}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 13,8}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. In the remaining cases, he either held in chief in the vills concerned, or had another tenancy in the vill where he is accorded his byname}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 3,2;4. 5,11. 33,1. 41,10-12;16}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . His official status also identifies him as the Picot on the royal manors of Wethersfield in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 1,13}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 and Barrow and Badmondisfield in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 1,120-121}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . He }{\insrsid12807907 may}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  also }{\insrsid12807907 be }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
the tenant of Robert Gernon, his fellow sheriff whose daughter he married, at Patching and Arkesden in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 32,35;43}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. There are no other Picots in Essex or East Anglia. He founded St Giles in Cambridge, endowing it with many of the churches and tithes of his lands: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Liber de Bernwelle}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, pp. 40-41. He is identified by some authorities as the same man as Pirot of Wyboston (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ). His manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 650) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 324, apart from th}{\insrsid12807907 ose held from Robert}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Gernon}{
\insrsid12807907 , whose}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  tenants are unidentified (nos. 5165, 5175).
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 PICOT [* OF }{\insrsid12807907 LASCELLES}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Picot, tenant of Count Alan of Brittany on five manors in Yorkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9634032 
6N27;28-30;58}}}{\insrsid12807907  and another three in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 12,14}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9634032 -17;19}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is identified as
 Picot of Lascelles in the Lindsey Survey (8/2) and in contemporary and later documents: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9634032 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 
, p. 154. His manors formed the Lascelles fee held by his descendants from the Honour of Richmond: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9634032 Early Yorkshire charters}{\insrsid12807907 , v. 182-96. There are no other 
Picots on the Count's Honour or in Lincolnshire, and no links with the one Picot in Yorkshire who cannot be identified with confidence}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14188470 24W16}}}{
\insrsid12807907 . Picot's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 2463)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }
{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  324-25.}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid9634032 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 PICOT }{\insrsid12807907 [* OF PERCY *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Picot, tenant of William of Percy at Bolton upon Dearne and Sutton upon Derwent}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 13W7. 13E12}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is probably Picot of Percy, who witnessed Percy charters early in the following century and whose descendants were the Percys of Bolton Percy: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2245848 Early Yorkshire charters}{\insrsid12807907 
, ii. 201-205; xi. 105-18. Bolton upon Dearne was later held by the Normanville f
amily, but there is little reason to doubt it was held by the Picot who held Sutton in 1086. Like Sutton, it was acquired from the same pre-Conquest lord, Northmann; and the descent of the William of Percy's tenancies shows some shuffling between Picot an
d another tenant, Roscelin of Fulstow (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1975111 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ), who held in Bolton Percy in 1086, though this did not descend to his successors, the Normanvilles: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2245848 
Early Yorkshire charters}{\insrsid12807907 , xi. 286. There are no other Picots on the Percy Honour. It is possible that Percy is t
he one other Picot in Yorkshire who cannot be confidently identified - at 'Little Braham' about fifteen miles to the west of the nearest of Picot's holdings - but there are no links to provide confirmation. Picot's manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 4630)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  325.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 PICOT [* OF SAI *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Picot, who held a fief in Shropshire from Earl Roger of Shrewsbury}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,20,1-27}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is almost certainly Picot of Sai, named by Orderic Vitalis as one of the earl's chief vassals to whom he gave a position of authority (ii. 262-63; iii. 146-47). Picot is a nickname, his forename being Robert, lord of Clun: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2047744 Calendar of }{\i\insrsid12807907 d}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2047744 ocuments}{\i\insrsid12807907 :}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2047744  France}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 233; Sanders, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7349311 
English baronies}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 112-13. He may also be the Picot who held Mytton from St Mary's of Shrewsbury, Mytton being less than a mile from his manor of Fitz}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 3d,5. 4,20,15}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. It is also likely he is the one other Picot who held from the earl of Shrewsbury, holding Wepham in Sussex - the only Picot in the county - from him, the most valuable of Picot's tenancies}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3886737 SUS 11,74}}}{
\insrsid12807907 . It was the earl's practice to enfeof his major tenants in both counties. Picot had a tenant of is own named Picot, a man-at-arms in Shropshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11997308 SHR 4,20,8}}}{
\insrsid12807907  who is perhaps more likely than his lord to be the one other Picot in the county, a subtenant of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11997308 Roger son of Corbet}{\insrsid12807907  at Worthen}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11997308 SHR 4,4,20}}}
{\insrsid12807907 . Picot of Sai was from Sai in Lower Normandy (Orne: arrondissement Argentan): Loyd, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1391730 Some Anglo-Norman families}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 96. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{
\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 2972)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  325.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 PILWIN <OF }{\insrsid12807907 SIBTHORPE}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 The name Pilwin occurs twice, on manors in the adjacent vills of Elston and Sibthorpe in Nottinghamshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NTT 6,5. 20,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907 , acquired by different tenants-in-chief but both enfeoffed to an Arngrim, so very probably held by the same Pilwin before the Conquest.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \cbpat8 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 PIROT <OF WYBOSTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 
All Pirots in Domesday Book are almost certainly one man. His name is rare, occurring nine times, seven as a tenant of Eudo the steward (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6840657 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ): at Babraham, Pampisford and Sawston in Cambridgeshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
CAM 25,1-3}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; Beeston and Northill in Bedfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 21,14-15}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; Hawkwell in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 25,11}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and Glemham in Suffolk}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUF 28,6}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Streatley and Wyboston in Bedfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 24,18;24}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 were held from Nigel of Aubigny, either as part of the marriage portion of Pirot's wife, or of Nigel's Honour, the only such cases on the Honour. They span the Bedfordshire manors held from Eudo. A}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6840657 
part from their tenurial and distributional characteristics, }{\insrsid12807907 Pirot's manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6840657  descended together: Farrer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6840657 Honors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6840657 
, iii. 155-57, 217-19}{\insrsid12807907 . He has been identified as Picot the sheriff, Pirot being seen as a scribal error. At Babraham and Pampisford, the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6840657 Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis}{\insrsid12807907 
 (ed. Hamilton, pp. 36, 38) does render Pirot as Picot; both Pirot and Picot held land in those two vills}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 1,15. 32,8}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; and marriage portions for both Picot's and Pirot's wives are recorded}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid6840657 CAM 21,9}{\insrsid12807907 . 24,18}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, a striking coincidence since marriage portions are a rare occurrence in Domesday Book. However, the arguments against the identification are compelling. The Domesday scribe altered the familiar Picot to the unfamiliar Pirot, suggesting errors being corr
ected, and Pirot's name is preserved as a patronymic among his descendants (Farrer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6840657 op. cit.}{\insrsid12807907 
). Moreover, it is difficult to credit that both the Domesday scribe and those of Little Domesday made the same error in four counties, but only on the manors of Eud
o and Nigel, from neither of whom Picot the sheriff held land. Finally, though not in itself conclusive, Picot's manors did not descend by the same }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6840657 route as those of Pirot: Fowler, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6840657 
Bedfordshire in 1086}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6840657 , p. 97; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6840657 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6840657 , pp. 324-26.}{\insrsid12807907  Pirot's manors are recorded}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11210495  }{
\insrsid12807907 in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 988) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9265289 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6840657 324-26}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 PLEINES [* OF SLEPE *]. }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14101601 Pleines}{\insrsid12807907 , who 
shared four hides at St Ives in Huntingdonshire with two other tenants of Ramsey abbey}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14101601 HUN 6,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is named }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14101601 Pleines}{\insrsid12807907 
 of }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14101601 Slepe}{\insrsid12807907  in the abbey's cartulary: }{\i\insrsid12807907 Cartulary of Ramsey abbey}{\insrsid12807907 , i.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1604828  129}{\insrsid12807907 . }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid3953811 His}{\insrsid12807907  name is unique, of unknown derivation. His manor is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }
{\insrsid12807907 (no. 987)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  326.

\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RABEL. }{\insrsid12807907 Rabel is a rare name which occurs only among post-Conquest landowners in Cornwall and Norfolk.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RABEL <OF TREGUNNICK>. }{\insrsid12807907 Rabel, who held two small manors in Cornwall from Count Robert of Mortain}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid3807947 CON 5,24,16}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907 -17}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907  is one of two men in Domesday Book to bear this name, the other a tenant-in-chief in Norfolk. Rabel's manor is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 1689)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 D
omesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  326.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RABEL [* THE ENGINEER *]. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, the Rabel who held two}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13199430  houses and }{\insrsid12807907 two}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13199430  messuages}{
\insrsid12807907  in Norwich}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 1,61}}}{\insrsid12807907  is probably Rabel the engineer, alias Rabel the carpenter, who had a small fief in the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 55,1-2. 66,101-102}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. His fief, together with land in Norwich, was granted by Henry I to Robert son of Walter: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13199430 Regesta}{\insrsid12807907 , ii. no. 987. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 114)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  326.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16411314 RA}{\insrsid12807907 DA <OF REDENHALL>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16411314 . }{\insrsid12807907 Rada, who held the substantial manor of Redenhall and its dependencies in Norfolk under the patronage of Edric of Laxfield}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NFK 128-31. SUF 1,92}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is probably the Rada who held the respectable manor of Sotherton in Suffolk, fifteen miles south-east of Redenhall, from Earl Harold}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 48,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, these being the only Radas in Domesday Book.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16411314 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par RAINER. Rainer }{\insrsid12807907 
is a fairly common name which occurs on two fiefs, more than thirty manors and in a number of Claims, distributed among fourteen counties between Devon and Yorkshire and the lands of the king and sixteen of his tenants-in-chief, with clusters in Devon and
 Lincolnshire. All }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16411314 Rainer}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16411314  }{\insrsid12807907 are post-Conquest landowners.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16411314 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RAINER [* OF BRIMEUX *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The tenants of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12214920 Drogo of la Beuvri\'e8re}{\insrsid12807907  at Arram and Hatfield in Holderness}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 14E30;39}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, and at Kettleby across the Humber in North Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 30,6}}}{\insrsid12807907 , may be Rainer of Brimeux, a tenant-in-chief in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 40,1-26}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Drogo and Rainer both }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12214920 came from the Pas-de-Calais and shared at least two tenants, Baldwin of Flanders and Kolsveinn of Lincoln. Like many of Drogo's men, }{\insrsid12807907 his tenant }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12214920 
Rainer appears to have lost his lands after}{\insrsid12807907  Drogo's flight, as did Rainer of Brimeux himself, replaced by Ralph of Criol by the date of the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10317099 Lindsey Survey}{\insrsid12807907 : English, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12214920 Lords of Holderness}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 139-40. Drogo had no other tenants of this name. Rainer's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 2425)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  356, apart from Kettleby, whose tenant is unidentified (no. 34236).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RAINER [* OF THONGLANDS *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Rainer, who held a hide in the manor of Tugford in Shropshire granted by Reginald the sheriff to Shrewsbury abbey}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7278366 SHR 4,3,8}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , is probably Rainer of Thonglands, named in a charter confirming various gifts to the abbey: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7278366 Cartulary of Shrewsbury abbey}{\insrsid12807907 , i. no. 1, p. 2. The hide was located at Thonglands: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7278366 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 963, 971. There are no other Rainers in Shropshire, on the Honour of the earl of Shrewsbury, or on the fiefs of his sheriff. Rainer's manor is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{
\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 8239)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  356-57.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RAINER [* }{\insrsid12807907 THE STEWARD}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  *]. }{\insrsid12807907 
The Rainers who held Germansweek, Kigbeare, Payhembury, Langford, Tedburn, Rockbeare and Dotton in Devon from Baldwin the sheriff}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4198579 
16,8;22;95-96;119;133-135}}}{\insrsid12807907  are probably his steward, named in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6717044 Exon.}{\insrsid12807907  as the Rainer who held Greenslade from him}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 16,56}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Six of the eight manors were later held by the same family, named from Langford; and of the other two, Payhembury is five miles from Langford, Kigbeare eight from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3953811 Germansweek, between the latter and Greenslade: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3953811 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3953811 , 755, 763, 785-87; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3953811 Feudal Aids}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3953811 
, i. 314. As the name is rare in the region, the one other Rainer in the county, at Lowton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 47,14}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3953811 ,}{\insrsid12807907 
 seven miles from the steward's nearest manor, may also be the steward. Apart from the tenant of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4198579 Robert son of Gerald}{\insrsid12807907  in Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 42,2-3;8}}}{\insrsid12807907 , thes
e are the only Rainers in the south-western counties. Rainer's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 1721)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 351, apart from Lowton, whose tenant is unidentified (no. 4257). See also Mason, 'Barons and their officials', pp. 246-47.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par RALPH}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid423351 . }{\insrsid12807907 Ralph}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid423351  }{\insrsid12807907 is one of the most common names in Domesday Book, occurring well over a thousand times and in every county except Rutland}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid423351 .}{\insrsid12807907 
 More than seventy Ralphs have different bynames, three of the earls and almost two dozen tenants-in-chief, Ralphs also occurring as tenants of almost 130 other tenants-in-chief. Apart from the two earls, Ralphs appear on four 
manors in pre-Conquest contexts in Domesday Book or the satellite texts.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid423351 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 [* RALPH *] BAYNARD. Baynard, or R Baynard, who occurs in Essex and East Anglia}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 can be identified as Ralph Baynard, tenant-in-chief in those counties, sometime sheriff of Essex. His official functions identify him on the royal fief in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ESS 1,17a;27}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , while references to his Holding, or his predecessors, identify him elsewhere}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ESS 28,9. NFK 9,232. 13,10. SUF 4,36. 7,15. 76,20}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . He is }{
\insrsid12807907 almost certainly }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 the Baynard }{\insrsid12807907 responsible for}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 five annexations in the Norfolk folios}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
NFK 66,35-39}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\insrsid12807907 since he held in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 chief in the vills }{\insrsid12807907 concerned}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 As he is
 the archbishop's tenant elsewhere}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 2,9}}}{\insrsid12807907 , he is probably }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 the Baynard }{\insrsid12807907 who held Malling in Sussex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 2,1b}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and Walworth in Surrey}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SUR 2,4}}}{\insrsid12807907  from him, and probably also the Baynard at }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11485484 Pachesham}{\insrsid12807907  in Surrey}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUR 5,17}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and Westminster in Middlesex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab MDX 4,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , given the}{\insrsid12807907 ir}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  proximity to London}{\insrsid12807907  and Baynard's Castle, to which the family gave its name}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 : Mortimer, 'Baynards of Baynard's Castle', pp. 241-43}{\insrsid12807907 , 252}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907  Ralph's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 123)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  327.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RALPH [* BLOIET *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Ralphs who held Hillmarton and Lackham in Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 32,9;12}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and 'Duntisbourne' in Gloucestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 31,7}}}{\insrsid12807907  from William of Eu are probably Ralph Bloiet, his tenant at Silchester in Hampshire and, according to }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6717044 Exon.}{\insrsid12807907 
, at Yeovilton and Hinton Blewitt in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 26,3;5}}}{\insrsid12807907 . The Wiltshire and Gloucestershire manors descended to the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9049068 Bloiet family: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9049068 Book of Fees}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid9049068 , p. 724; GLS 31,7 Ralph note. He may also be the Ralph who held another manor in Duntisbourne, and manors in 'Shipton' and 'Littleton'}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 53,9;12}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9049068 
, from Durand of Gloucester}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 53,3 Ralph note}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9049068 . William of Eu had no other Ralph}{\insrsid12807907 s on his Honour}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9049068 , but Durand had two, one}{\insrsid12807907 
 at Cliddesden in Hampshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 37,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , ten miles from Silchester, the other at Ashperton in Herefordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 22,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, whose descent has not been traced: }{\i\insrsid12807907 Herefordshire Domesday}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 62, 117. Ralph's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 150)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  328, where William's tenant at 'Duntisbourne is identified as Bloiet, the other Ralphs being unidentified (nos. 6455, 16991, 16994, 29716, 29767, 29770, 30469).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par EARL }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RALPH [* }{\insrsid12807907 OF HEREFORD}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  *]. }{\insrsid12807907 There are three Earl Ralphs in Domesday Book, but Earl Ralph of Hereford, nephew of Edward the Confessor, husband
 of Countess Gytha (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12468938 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ), and father of Harold son of Earl Ralph (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12468938 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
), is normally easy to distinguish, either through association with his wife or son}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 61,1-2. WAR 38,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , because died before 1066 (d. 1057), or by the distribution of his lands in t
he Midlands and the west, where the other earls are absent; Lincolnshire - where he is presumably the Earl Ralph who had '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13393719 full jurisdiction and market rights}{\insrsid12807907 ' in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN T5}}}{\insrsid12807907 , since the other possiblity earl, Ralph the constable, occurs in the sa
me list. - is the only county where he and another Earl Ralph are recorded. His manors are distributed among the counties of Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Gloucestershire, Northamptonshire, Leicestershire and Warwickshire. He was subsequently known by the u
nflattering nickname of Ralph the timid, after an inglorious encounter with the Welsh in 1055 when, according to the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12468938 Anglo-Saxon }{\i\insrsid12807907 chronicle}{\insrsid12807907 
, he fled the field 'before any spear had been thrown'. His career and lands are documented by Dr Williams, who points out that he held Chalfont, and possibly also Chalton, in Bedfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 8,1. 54,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, in addition to the manors attributed to him in Domesday Book: 'The king's nephew', pp. 327-43. He had also held Glaston in Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid462536 NTH 56,36}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , which he granted to Peterborough abbey, though it was in lay hands at the time of Domesday Book: Hugh Candidus, p. 69; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid462536 Early charters of eastern England}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 246. L}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ist}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  of his manors }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  given by }{\insrsid12807907 Williams (p. 332) and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Clarke, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 English nobility}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 224-25, }{\insrsid12807907 who}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  does not include }{\insrsid12807907 Lighthorne or Radway in Warwickshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12468938 WAR 29,1}{\insrsid12807907 . 44,6}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Dr Clarke ranks Earl Ralph with his wife and son twenty-sixth in wealth among the nobility; the additional manors, with those attributed to his wife, would place the family comfortab
ly in the top twenty; only a modest part of this was retained by his son.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12468938 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 EARL RALPH [* THE CONSTABLE *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Ralph t
he constable and his son, Ralph Wader, both earls of East Anglia, are often simply designated 'Earl Ralph', 'Earl R', or even just 'Ralph' or 'R', by the scribes of Little Domesday. In most cases the two earls can be distinguished by the context. Referenc
es to Ralph the Elder }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10706852 or Ralph the constable identify }{\insrsid12807907 the father}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10706852  unambiguously, as do pre-Conquest contexts}{\insrsid12807907 
, though he is sometimes anachronistically named 'Earl Ralph', a title he did not have before 1066}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10706852 . Apart from one }{\insrsid12807907 entry}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10706852  where he is named in full as 
Earl Ralph the constable}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }
{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 1,101}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10706852 , and two references to when he 'became earl'}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 1,96-97}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10706852 , Ralph the elder }{\insrsid12807907 is normally}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10706852 
 named }{\insrsid12807907 Earl Ralph }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10706852 in a post-Conquest context }{\insrsid12807907 only alongside his wife or son, though }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 there are one or two ambiguous cases}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid7085219 NFK 1,}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 75;}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid7085219 149}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. He settled in England at an early date and succeeded Gyrth as earl of East Anglia after the Conquest, dying sometime between 1068 and 1070. His }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1117049 origins, career and relationships are documented in Williams, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4204244 English and the Norman Conquest}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1117049 , pp. }{\insrsid12807907 60-61}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1117049 , 109}{\insrsid12807907 ;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1117049  }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid11352544 Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid12807907 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 44-45}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1117049 .}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 A list of }{\insrsid12807907 his}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  manor}{\insrsid12807907 s - too numerous to list here -}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11564255 English nobility}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 , pp. }{
\insrsid12807907 332-34, which does not include his demesne manors of Buckenham, Ashby, Hoveton and Filby in Norfolk, or the many East Anglian free men whose holdings have no separate valuation. Dr Clarke ranks Ralph eleventh in wealth among}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 untitled laymen, twenty-first among the nobility; the additional manors would place him in the top ten and twenty respectively.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \cbpat8 {\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 EARL RALPH [* WADER *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Ralph Wader and his father, Ralph the const
able, both earls of East Anglia, are often simply designated 'Earl Ralph', 'Earl R', or even just 'Ralph' or 'R', by the scribes of Little Domesday; but they can normally be distinguished by the context. References to his forfeiture }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid10706852 identify }{\insrsid12807907 the son}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10706852  unambiguously, as almost certainly do references to his 'Holding'}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10706852  or }{\insrsid12807907 
in most cases }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10706852 to the succession of Godric the steward, who assumed control of much of }{\insrsid12807907 his}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10706852  forfeited land on behalf of the Crown. }{\insrsid12807907 
Ralph Wader was also a}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10706852  designated predecessor of Count Alan of Brittany for some of }{\insrsid12807907 the Count's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10706852  }{\insrsid12807907 East Anglian manors}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
. Where other identifying characteristics are lacking, he is probably the intermediate 'R' or 'Ralph' on manors where pre-Conquest lords are named, though one or two cases are ambiguous}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid7085219 NFK 1,}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907 75;}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid7085219 149}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 . Apart from Whaddon in Cambridgeshire}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 CAM 19,4}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
, Munden and Wallington in Hertfordshire}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 HRT 16,2. 35,3}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 , and Sampford and Bentley in Essex}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 ESS 1,30. 35,3}}}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907 , all his manors - too numerous to list here - lay in East Anglia. }{\insrsid12807907 His}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1117049  byname - Wader - is recorded in }{\insrsid12807907 the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1117049 
one Cambridgeshire entry}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }
{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 19,4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1117049 . }{\insrsid12807907 He succeeded his father as earl sometime between 1068 and 1070, rebelled and forfeited in 1075-1076. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1117049 His origins, career}{
\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1117049  relationships }{\insrsid12807907 and rebellion }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1117049 are documented in Williams, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4204244 English and the Norman Conquest}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid1117049 , pp. 59-63, 109}{\insrsid12807907 ;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1117049  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11352544 Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid12807907 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1117049 , pp. 44-47}{\insrsid12807907 
; and Marten, 'Rebellion of 1075', pp. 168-82}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1117049 .}{\insrsid12807907  As an intermediate landowner, his manors are not listed in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13901277 Coel}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\i\insrsid12807907 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907  or the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13901277 Statistics}{\insrsid12807907  database.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RALPH <OF ASHBY>. }{\insrsid12807907 
The tenants of Countess Judith at Ashby Folville, 'Newbold' Folville and Welby in Leicestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 40,32-33;38}}}{\insrsid12807907  are stated to be the s
ame Ralph on the first two manors and may be the Ralph on the tiny holding at Welby, though its descent has not been traced: Farrer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4858515 Honors}{\insrsid12807907 
, ii. 320-21. Ashby - the most valuable manor - and Newbold were later held by the Folville family, from which both vills derive their surnames. Judith had one other Ralph among her tenants, at }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid289037 Lavendon}{\insrsid12807907 
 in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid289037 53,5}}}{\insrsid12807907 , shared between three individuals in the thirteenth century: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7237629 Feudal Aids}{\insrsid12807907 , i. 74; }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7237629 VCH Buckinghamshire}{\insrsid12807907 , iv. 382. Ralph's Leicestershire manors are recorded}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11210495  }{\insrsid12807907 in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907 
 (no. 8948) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9265289 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 346; the tenant at Lavendon is unidentified (no. 1531).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RALPH [* OF BAGPUIZE *]. The Ralph}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held 'Ashden' and Kingston Bagpuize in Berkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 21,3;14}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 and Barton Blount, Alkmonton and Bentley in Derbyshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 6,34-36}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  from Henry of Ferrers }{\insrsid12807907 were}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  identified}{\insrsid12807907  as Ralph of Bagpuize by Round: '}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Bachepuz }{\insrsid12807907 c}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ha}{\insrsid12807907 rter', pp. 152-55}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . The }{\insrsid12807907 Abingdon chronicle}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 names the Ralph at Kingston as Ralph of Bagpuize (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Historia Ecclesie Abbendonensis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , i}{\insrsid12807907 i.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 42-43, 176-79), while a charter of the reign of He}{\insrsid12807907 nry II issued by his descendant Robert}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Hallimot}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 of Barton identifies Ashden as another Bagpuize }{\insrsid12807907 manor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . The Barton of the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Hallimot}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 is evidently Barton Blount, earlier named Barton Bagpuize}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Lay }{\i\insrsid12807907 s}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ubsidy of 1334}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 45}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
. Land in Alkmonton and Bentley was }{\insrsid12807907 also }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 held by Ralph's descendants from those of Henry of Ferrers: }{\i\insrsid12807907 Book of Fees,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  p. 994; }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Derbyshire }{\i\insrsid12807907 c}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 harters}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , nos. 238-39. }{\insrsid12807907 Ralph's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 
recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 1571)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  329; he probably came from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Bacquepuis in }{\insrsid12807907 Upper }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
Normandy (Eure: arrondissement Evreux).}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RALPH }{\insrsid12807907 <OF BIGNOR>. The Ralphs who held a site in Arundel and subtenancies in Buddington, Glatting, Stopham, Wittering and Bignor in Sussex from Robert son of Theobald, tenant of the earl of Shrewsbury}
{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13653069 11,2;13;24-25;47;78}}}{\insrsid12807907 , are probably one man, ancestor of the Sanzaver family, who later held these manors or had interests in the vills in which they lay: S
alzman, 'Family of Chesney', pp. 32-34; Farrer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13653069 Honors}{\insrsid12807907 , iii. 24-26. Earl Roger had no other Ralphs among his tenants or subtenants in the county, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 although }{
\insrsid12807907 a Ralph the cook was his tenant in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Shropshire and }{\insrsid12807907 an unidentified Ralph in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Warwickshire}{\insrsid12807907  with modest holdings. Ralph's Sussex manors 
}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 2147)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 345, apart from Stopham, Wittering and Bignor, whose tenants are unidentified (nos. 16190, 16222, 16265).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RALPH [* OF BUCY *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Ralphs who held Wantley, Woolfly and Shermanbury - stated in the text be one man - and Kingston-by-sea (once Kingston Bucy) in Sussex from William of Braose}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUS 13,23-25;28}}}{\insrsid12807907  are identified as the Ralph of Bucy named in several Braose charters by the descent of his manors: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2047744 Calendar of }{\i\insrsid12807907 d}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2047744 ocuments}{
\i\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2047744 France}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 395-97, 406; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3162523 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3162523 , p. 689; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6697457 VCH Sussex}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid6697457 , vi/i. 133-34. He }{\insrsid12807907 may}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6697457  also }{\insrsid12807907 be }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6697457 one of the Ralphs at Lancing}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 13,44}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6697457 : }
{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6697457 VCH Sussex}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6697457 , }{\insrsid12807907 i. 370, 379; }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6697457 vi/i. 41-42. }{\insrsid12807907 
William had at least one other Ralph among his tenants - Ralph son of Theodric - so identifying other Ralphs on his fief is problematic. Ralph's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6697457  manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6697457 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid6697457  (no. 920) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6697457 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6697457 , p. 331;}{\insrsid12807907  he was probably from Bouc\'e9
 in Lower Normandy (Orne: arrondissement Argentan): Loyd, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1391730 Some Anglo-Norman families}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 21.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RALPH <OF CARDIFF>. }{\insrsid12807907 Ralph, who held part of the royal manor in Walton Cardiff in Gloucestershire, may be the Ralph who farmed Tewkesbury for the king}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 1,24;38}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. His successors were the Cardiff family, from which Walton derives its surname. Tewkesbury itself was subsequently held by the earl of Gloucester, whose stewards were the Cardiffs. Ralph's manors are recorded}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11210495  }{
\insrsid12807907 in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 4387) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9265289 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 344.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RALPH [* OF COSTENTIN *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Ralphs who held 'Fouswardine' and Oldbury in Shropshire from Reginald the sheriff, and Petton from Robert the butler}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,3,67-68. 4,6,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, are identified as one man}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7344938  by the descent of these manors: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7344938 Feudal Aids}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7344938 , iv. 218, 231, 242; Eyton, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7344938 
Antiquities of Shropshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7344938 , i. 133, 137; x. 308-309. }{\insrsid12807907 Ralph}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7344938  was perhaps the father of the Hugh }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7344938 de}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3432858  Constantino}{\i\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907  who gave land in Petton to Shrewsbury abbey and his name to Eaton Constantine, a }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7344938 later acquisition: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7344938 Cartulary of Shrewsbury abbey}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7344938 , i. 33, 38, 41; Eyton, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7344938 Antiquities}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7344938 
viii 1-2. Petton was later held}{\insrsid12807907  by a different family, named from the vill. Neither Reginald or Robert had other tenants named Ralph, and there are no other unidentified Ralphs in the county. Ralph's manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 8791)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  345.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RALPH [* OF CRANBORNE *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Ralphs who held two manors in 'Tarrant' in Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 54,9. 55,29}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 may be Ralph of Cranborne, who owed tax in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid469940 Langeberge}{\insrsid12807907  Hundred in the Geld Roll for the county, though it is not possible to determine from which of the two manors the tax was due: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid469940 VCH Dorset}{\insrsid12807907 , iii. 138. He also held West Parley in Cranborne Hundred, where his byname is recorded}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 54,10}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, and is probably the tenant at Wimborne St Giles of Cranborne abbey}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 10,3}}}{\insrsid12807907  - one of only two on its small Honour - from which his byname presumably derives. Ralph's manors are}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 1750)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  331, apart from those in 'Tarrant', whose tenants are unidentified (nos. 2919, 2956).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RALPH <OF }{\insrsid12807907 ELLESBOROUGH}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 The Ralphs who held the valuable manor of Ellesborough in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 17,2}}}{\insrsid12807907  and
 West Bromwich - misplaced under Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 36,3}}}{\insrsid12807907  - and Wombourne in Staffordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 12,8}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 from William son of Ansculf are probably one man, the manors being later held by a William son of Guy from the heirs of William son of Ansculf: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13245472 Liber Niger Scaccarii Staffordscira}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13245472 
, pp. 198-200; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13245472 VCH }{\i\insrsid12807907 Staffordshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13245472 , xvii. 14.}{\insrsid12807907  William had one other Ralph on his Honour, identified in the text as }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid1060553 Ralph of Foug\'e8res}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 65,18}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Ralph of Ellesborough is confused with a tenant of William son of Corbucion at Sibford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 12,30}}}{\insrsid12807907  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13790855 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 9388) and }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13245472 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13245472 , p. 346}{\insrsid12807907 
, where the commentary fits Ralph of Ellesborough and his three manors but is applied to Ralph of Sibford and his one manor. }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15560990 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  lists the tenants at Ellesborough, West Bromwich and Wombourn
e as unidentified (nos. 1323, 27299, 31553), naming the Ralph at Wombourne }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13245472 Adulfus}{\insrsid12807907 
. Sibford was added by the scribe on a blank space following the fief of William son of Ansculf but is clearly attributed to William son of Corbucion; it should probably have
 been entered in the Oxfordshire folios. Ralph of Ellesborough was succeeded by Guy }{\i\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12807907\charrsid16080089 de Opheni}{\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12807907 
, possibly his son, and may have originated from Offignies in Picardy (Somme: arrondissement Amiens): }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13245472 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13245472 , p. 346}{\insrsid12807907 .}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13790855 

\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par RALPH }{\insrsid12807907 [* OF GRENVILLE *]. Ralph, who held Wotton Underwood in Buckinghamshire from Walter Giffard}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 14,14}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is probably Ralph of Grenville, who witnessed a Giffard charter from the Conqueror's reign: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15363392 Monasticon Anglicanum}{\insrsid12807907 , vi. 1074; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8932130 Early Buckinghamshire charters}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 65-71. His family hel
d three fees of the old enfeoffment from the Giffard Honour in 1166 and had interests in the vill in the thirteenth }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14117475 century: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14117475 VCH Buckinghamshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14117475 
, iv. 131. }{\insrsid12807907 The other Ralphs on the Giffard Honour may be identified as another man with reasonable confidence. Ralph's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14117475  manor is recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14117475 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14117475  (no. 1675) and referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 333. He was probably from Grainville-la-Teinturi\'e8re in Upper Normandy (Seine-Maritime: arrondissement Dieppe): Loyd, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1391730 Some Anglo-Norman families}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 47-48.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RALPH <OF KIMCOTE>. }{\insrsid12807907 The Ralphs who held Cotes de Val, Poultney, Misterton, Walcote, Kimcote and Swinford in Leicestershire from the bishop of Lincoln are stated in the text to be one man}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
LEC 3,5-10}}}{\insrsid12807907 , though his manors were in the hands of several families at a later date: Nichols, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8214004 History and antiquities}{\i\insrsid12807907  of }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15866334 Leicestershire}{
\insrsid12807907 , ii/i. 106; iv/i. 306, 316, 318. He also may be the Ralph who held Branston}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 3,14}}}{\insrsid12807907  - almost forty miles to the north - from the bishop, since Roger and William of }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15866334 Mortein}{\insrsid12807907  held land from the bishop in Walcote and Branston respectively in the late thirteenth century. The bishop also had Ralphs among his tenants at Dunsby, Haconby and Willoughby in Lincolnshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
LIN 7,30-31;53}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and Clifton in Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 6,8;11}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, these manors closer to Branston than Kimcote, so possibly held by Ralph of Kimcote. They are the only other Ralphs in Nottinghamshire.
\par \tab The Lincolnshire manors were in the hands of the Salvain family by 1166, since Ralph Salvain then held a fee of four knights from the bishopric, subsequently stated to be in Dunsby; and his heirs were also tenants of the bishop at Willoughby: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6626242 Red Book}{\insrsid12807907 , i. 375; ii. 516; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6626242 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 179, 1031. On this basis, it has been suggested that the Salvains were descendants of the Domesday Ralph, which is possible; but since the descent of the manors between the 1130s and 1160s is unknown, it is equally possible that t
heirs was a new enfeoffment: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6626242 Early Yorkshire charters}{\insrsid12807907 , xii. 97-103; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6626242 Early Yorkshire }{\i\insrsid12807907 families}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 80-81. The Salvains also had interests in Nottinghamshire, where Osbert Salvain was sheriff between 1128 and 1130: Green, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6626242 English sheriffs}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 68. Ralph's manors are recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 8790) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9265289 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 345; the tenants at Clifton are unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7759335 Coel}
{\insrsid12807907  (nos. 35152, 35156).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RALPH [* OF LANQUETOT *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Ralph, who held Hempton in Oxfordshire from Walter Giffard}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 20,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is probably Ralp
h of Lanquetot, his tenant on several manors in Bedfordshire and Suffolk, since Hempton was later merged with the Chesney manor of Deddington and Ralph's daughter married Roger of Chesney: Fowler, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5117610 Bedfordshire in 1086}
{\insrsid12807907 , p. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5522213 97; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5522213 VCH Oxfordshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5522213 , xi. 91. }{\insrsid12807907 Accor
ding to the Abingdon chronicle, Ralph held Lyford in Berkshire from the abbey, though this is attributed to Walter Giffard in Domesday Book}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13858468 BRK 7,24}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , Ralph }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13858468 perhaps being his unrecorded subtenant}{\insrsid12807907  there}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13858468 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13858468 Historia Ecclesie Abbendonensis}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid13858468 , ii. 387. As }{\insrsid12807907 Ralph}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13858468  was}{\insrsid12807907 
 one of the three most important tenants - the three honorial barons - on the Giffard Honour, he may be the Ralph on most or all of the seven manors held from Walter in Buckinghamshire, several of them substantial, none negligible}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
BUK }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15864268 14,14;19;33;35-36;43;48}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Walter evidently did not have seven, or even several, tenants named Ralph in a single county; but the manors were in the hands of several families in the thirteenth century, the Lanquetot manors in Bedfordshire being }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14117475 
held by two more families: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14117475 VCH Buckinghamshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14117475 , iii. 407, 483; iv. 168, 289, 382, 512; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14117475 VCH Bedfordshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14117475 
, ii. 219, 267. In the thirteenth century, another Ralph of Lanquetot held a quarter fee i}{\insrsid12807907 n Lenborough from the Englefield family, who leased Edgcott to the family of that name}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 14,33;35}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, so these manors may be attributed to Ralph of Lanquetot in 1086. Of the remainder, the tenant of Wotton Underwood was probably Ralph of Grenville, whose family were connected with the vill and the Giffard Honour from an early date. The other te
nancies are not recorded before the late twelfth century, and in the meantime the Giffard Honour had escheated and was in the hands of the Crown for a generation: Sanders, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16151090 English baronies}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 62-63. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5522213 Ralph's manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5522213 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5522213  (no. 668) and referenced in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  333-34, apart from Pitstone}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 14,9}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, whose tenant is unidentified (no. 1276).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RALPH [* OF MARCY *]. }{\insrsid12807907 
It is likely that the Ralphs who held seven manors in Essex from Haimo the sheriff are Ralph of Marcy, tenant of Count Eustace of Boulogne in Essex and Suffolk. Notley and Rayne are said to be held by one Ralph, identified as Ralph of
 Marcy by an entry for Notley on the Count's fief}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 20,6}}}{\insrsid12807907 , who may also be the Ralph on the preceding manor of Faulkbourne}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 28,2-4}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, while the Ralph at Ryes is similarly identified by an entry on the royal manor of Harlow}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 1,3. 28,6}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Of the 
remaining manors, Greensted and Navestock are said to be held by one man, and the following manor of Kelvedon Hatch was probably later absorbed into Navestock}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 28,13-15}}}{\insrsid12807907 
; the Marcy family had an interest in all three: }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid918051 Round, }{\insrsid12807907 'Early reference to Domesday}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid918051 '}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 553-55; 'Domesday survey of Essex', pp. 502-503; }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10515413 VCH Essex}{\insrsid12807907 , iv. 59, 65, 143. Ralph probably also held Magdalen Laver from Count Eustace}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 20,45}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, later held by his descendants from those of Eustace: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14842129 VCH Essex}{\insrsid12807907 , iv. 105. Neither the Count or Haimo had other unidentified Ralphs on their Honours. Ralph's manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 676)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  334, apart from Laver, whose tenant is unidentified (no. 4742).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4858515 RALPH [* OF MONTGOMERY *]. The Ralph}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4858515  who held Snelston }{\insrsid12807907 and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4858515 Cubley}{\insrsid12807907  }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid4858515 in Derbyshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 6,53-54}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4858515  and Ecton in Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 25,3}}}{\insrsid12807907  from Henry of Ferrers}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid4858515  }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4858515  probably Ralph of Montgomery. }{\insrsid12807907 Walter of Montgomery held four fees of the 'old enfeoffment' from Earl Ferrers in 1166, }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid4858515 and }{\insrsid12807907 a }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4858515 Ralph of Montgomery }{\insrsid12807907 - conceivably the Domesday tenant - }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4858515 witnessed a Ferrers' charter}{\insrsid12807907 
 in the 1120s: }{\i\insrsid12807907 Red Book,}{\insrsid12807907  i. 337; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14317018 Facsimiles of royal charters}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4858515 , no. 9}{\insrsid12807907 . William of Montgomery held land }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid7674996 in all three vills in the thirteenth century: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7674996 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7674996 , pp. 934, 993; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7674996 Feudal Aids}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid7674996 , i. 258}{\insrsid12807907 ; iii. 16}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7674996 . Ralph}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9705115  }{\insrsid12807907 probably }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9705115 came from }{\insrsid12807907 
either Saint-Germain-de-}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9705115 Montgommery or Saint}{\insrsid12807907 e}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9705115 -Foy-de-Montgommery}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 in }{\insrsid12807907 Lower }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Normandy}{\insrsid12807907  (}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9705115 Calvados}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9705115 arrondissement Lisieux}{\insrsid12807907 ):}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9705115  }{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid9705115 Loyd, }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid1391730 Some Anglo-Norman families}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid9705115 , p. 68}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 . }{\insrsid12807907 His manors are recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 2979) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9265289 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 334-35.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RALPH [* OF NEUF-MARCH}{\insrsid12807907 E}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Ralph, who held Elton in Nottinghamshire from Roger of Bully}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12845975 9,110}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , is probably Ralph }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1843199 of Neuf-March\'e9}{\insrsid12807907 , who witnessed his }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8586377 foundation charter for Blyth }{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8586377 riory}{
\insrsid12807907  and whose descendants gave land in the area to the priory: }{\i\insrsid12807907 C}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid731055 artulary}{\i\insrsid12807907  of }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid731055 Blyth }{\i\insrsid12807907 priory}{
\insrsid12807907 , pp. xxvi, xxxiii-iv, 209, 231-32. Roger had no other tenants of this name on his extensive Honour. Ralph's manor is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 3717)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  336, where it is suggested that he came from Neufmarch}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1843199 \'e9}{\insrsid12807907 
 in Upper Normandy (Seine-Maritime: arrondissement Dieppe); but the place-name might apply to many places; the identification is rejected by Loyd, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1391730 Some Anglo-Norman families}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 72.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \cbpat8 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RALPH [* OF POMEROY *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The one Ralph in Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid3540992  }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 who held}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid3540992  Whitstone from the Count of Mortain}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 CON 5,24,24}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
, may be}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid3540992  Ralph of Pomeroy}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 ,}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid3540992  }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 his tenant at }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid3173511 Hollowcombe}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
 in Devon according to }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid6717044 Exon.}{\cs23\i\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 DEV 15,66}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 , }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid3540992 who }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 also }{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid3540992 held }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 Dunsdon - }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid3540992 across the border}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  from }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid3540992 Whitstone }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 - in which the C}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid3540992 ount }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 took}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid3540992  an unwelcome interest}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 DEV 34,2}}}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid3540992 . }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 He was a tenant-in-chief in Somerset and Devon, where he}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid3540992  }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 may be the tenant of his brother William the goat (}{
\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid14877719 q.v.}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 ) on six manors, having interests of his own in several of the vills. He held in chief in Awliscombe}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 DEV 19,25}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
, and is named in }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid6717044 Exon.}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  at Yowlestone}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 DEV 19,33}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid5908962 Devonshire Domesday}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907 , pp. 707-708. Puddington is adjacent to Yowlestone and like Ash acquired from the English lord Alward son of Toki}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 DEV 19,14;39}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
, while Matford is adjacent to his manor of Peamore}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 DEV 19,9}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  and Whimple lies between his manors of Aunk and Strete Ralegh}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 DEV 19,20}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
. According to }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid3212172 Exon}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 ., Ralph held seven manors in Devon from }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid3212172 Iudhael of Totnes}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 DEV }{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid3212172 17,20;23}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 ;25}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid3212172 -28;44}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  and it is likely that he is the Ralph who held another twenty-one manors from }{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid3212172 Iudhael}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 . Almost all these manors can be found in the possession of one of two families at a later date. The Bolley family, which held eight}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 DEV 17,24;}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid3212172 45-46;55}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 ;66-67;103;105}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 , also acquired five of those attributed to Ralph of Pomeroy in }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid3212172 Exon}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 .; two others}{
\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 
\tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 DEV 17,102;104}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  were 'also' held by the same Domesday Ralph; of the other eleven, eight descended to Richard son of Stephen and his heirs}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 DEV }{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid3212172 17,9;36-37;}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 57;64}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid3212172 ;91-92;94}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid3212172 Feudal Aids}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
, i. 316-17, 321, 323-24, 331-35. The three remaining manors - Ford, Stadbury and Okenbury}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 DEV 17,56;63;65}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
 - are adjacent to or near neighbours of one or more of the other manors. The majority of the manors in both groups lie in the same four Hundreds so may have been separated some time after Domesday.}{\insrsid12807907  Ralph's manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 712)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  336, apart from }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid3540992 Whitstone}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
, whose tenant is unidentified (no. 2411)}{\insrsid12807907 .}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RALPH [* OF QUESNAY *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Ralphs}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 
who held six manors in Sussex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SUS 12,13;33-34;40;49-50}}}{\insrsid12807907  and five in Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 8,15;24;107-108;122}}}{\insrsid12807907  from }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 William of Warenne}{\insrsid12807907  are probably Ralph of Quesnay, named on a subtenancy of the huge manor of Bosham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 6,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , identified }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 by the descent of }{\insrsid12807907 his Warenne}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 tenancies. On the same basis, Farrer identified the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15430589 Ranulf}{\insrsid12807907  (}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15430589 Rardulphus}{\insrsid12807907 ) who held Stinton and Kerdiston in Norfolk from Warenne}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 8,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907  as the same man}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 : }{\insrsid12807907 Round, 'Note on the Sussex Domesday', pp. 140-43; Farrer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 Honors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , ii}{\insrsid12807907 i.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 313-22. }{\insrsid12807907 He may also be the Ralph }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 who held Heyford }{\insrsid12807907 in Oxfordshire }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 from Miles Crispin}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 35,19}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  since Roger of Quesnay held }{\insrsid12807907 a manor in the same vill from the father-in-law of Miles, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Robert d'Oilly}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 28,12}}}{\insrsid12807907 . B}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 oth }{\insrsid12807907 manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 would have descended to the Honour of Wallingford}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  from which Ralph of Chesney held }{\insrsid12807907 
two}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  fees in 1166}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907 Red Book,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 i}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907  309}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ; }
{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Eynsham }{\i\insrsid12807907 c}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 artulary}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\insrsid12807907 i.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  411-23. }{\insrsid12807907 Dr }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid11352544 Keats-Rohan}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  suggests he }{\insrsid12807907 may be}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the Ralph who held 1 1/2 hides from Geoffrey de Mandeville }{\insrsid12807907 at an unknown location 
}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 in }{\insrsid12807907 'Ossulstone' Hundred in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Middlesex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab MDX 9,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. His descendants held land in the county: Farrer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15430589 Honors}{\insrsid12807907 , iii. 318. Warenne has no other Ralphs on his Honour. Ralphs manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }
{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 608)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  331.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par RALPH [* OF REUILLY *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Ralph, who held the valuable manor of Tarlton in Gloucestershire from Ralph Paynel}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 44,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 - effectively his whole fief since a second manor was abandoned - may be Ralph of Reuilly, named in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6717044 Exon.}{\insrsid12807907  as Paynel's tenant on four of his five manors in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 31,1-4}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, the fifth being the least valuable. Paynel had no other Ralphs on his Honour. Ralph's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{
\insrsid12807907 (no. 911)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  336.

\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RALPH [* OF SAVENAY *]. }{\insrsid12807907 R of Savenay, who held land in Kenton and Burstall in Suffolk from Bishop Odo of Bayeux}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 16,8;35}}}{\insrsid12807907 , ca
n only be Ralph of Savenay, who held another eight manors from the bishop in Suffolk; no other landowner in Domesday has this byname. He is probably also the Ralph whose possession of Ashfield - held from the bishop - was disputed by Earl Hugh of Chester}
{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUF 16,34}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Ashfield is in Claydon Hundred, where Ralph had three other manors, one - Debenham - adjacent to Ashfield. Debenham was held from Ranulf Peverel, with three other tenancies; he was also a tenant of Ely abbey in the county. Ralph's manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 735)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 337, apart from Ashfield, the subject of a dispute, which is assigned to Bishop Odo's demesne. Coel assigns to Ralph another four manors in Suffolk as a tenant of Roger Bigot}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 7,145-148}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, here attributed to Ralph of Tourlaville.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RALPH [* OF }{\insrsid12807907 TOURLAVILLE}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  *]. }{\insrsid12807907 R, who held three manors from Roger Bigot 
in Suffolk, is evidently Ralph of Tourlaville, who 'also' held the preceding manor}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 7,86;98-101}}}{\insrsid12807907  as well as Briusyard}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 7,73}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and Ringstead in Norfolk}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NFK 9,8}}}{\insrsid12807907  from him. He is probably also the Ralph who held another manor in Bruisyard from Roger, together with Rendham and Swefling, all said to be held by one Ralph}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 7,145-148}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Roger had one other unidentified tenant named Ralph on his Honour, at Titchwell in Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13111282 9,117}}}{\insrsid12807907 , who may be this man whose manor at Ringstead is five miles a
way; another Ralph, however, also held land in that manor. Ralph's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 749)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 338, apart from Bruisyard, Rendham and Swefling, attributed to Ralph of Savenay; the tenant at Titchwell is unidentified (no. 9518).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RALPH [* }{\insrsid12807907 PAYNEL}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Ralph Paynel, a tenant-in-chief in six counties, is identified as the Ralph who held Sturton in Yorkshire from Ilbert of Lacy}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
YKS 9W5}}}{\insrsid12807907  by a charter from the 1090s: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14179098 Early Yorkshire charters}{\insrsid12807907 , vi. 68. His predecessor was a Grimkel, the only Grimkel on the L
acy Honour perhaps the predecessor of Ralph on two of his Lincolnshire manors. Ralph's manor is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 attributed to Ralph the steward in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 9371)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  343; Lennard, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3541329 Rural England}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 94-98, totals his manors for each county and provides a valuable analysis of his fee.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 R}{\insrsid12807907 [}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ALPH}{\insrsid12807907 ]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  SON OF H[ERLEWIN]. }{\insrsid12807907 Ralph son of H and R son of H, who hel
d Hunstanton and Sturston in Norfolk from Roger Bigot}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 9,118;120}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, are almost certainly Ralph son of Herlewin, who held six other manors in the county from Roger, including a second manor in Hunstanton. He was also known as Ralph of Hunstanton: Farrer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1839112 Honors}{\insrsid12807907 
, iii. 117. He is probably also the tenant of Reginald son of Ivo at Massingham, where he held another manor from William of Ecouis}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 19,8}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and at Stanford}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NFK 21,11-12}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Reginald had no other tenants of this name, and William none in the county, but Roger Bigot had an unidentified Ralph at Titchwell, six miles from Hunstanton and five from another of the manors of Herlewin's son, at Ringstead. However, another Bigot ten
ant, Ralph of Tourlaville, also held land in the same manor of Ringstead}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 9,8}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. It is conceivable that the two bynames refer to the same Ralph, but unlikely since they occur in the same entry and there is no trace of the Tourlaville holdings among those held by the descendants of Herlewin's son: Farrer, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1839112 Honors}{\insrsid12807907 , iii. 117-19. Dr Keats-Rohan suggests that Herlewin is Herlewin son of Ivo (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16713277 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
), also a tenant of Reginald son of Ivo in Norfolk, and perhaps his brother. Ralph's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{
\insrsid12807907 (no. 548)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 340, where there are errors in the commentary; the tenant at Titchwell is unidentified (no. 9518)..
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RALPH [* SON OF JOCELYN *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Ralphs who held Dart, Dart Raffe and Worth in Devon from William of Poilley}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 21,6;13-14}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are probably Ralph son of Jocelyn, named in a grant of 1093 by William of Poilley of the tithes of his manors to St Martin's of S\'e9es which included 'the three manors of Ralph son of Jocelyn': }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2047744 Calendar of }{
\i\insrsid12807907 d}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2047744 ocuments}{\i\insrsid12807907 :}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2047744  France}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 235. Pedley, a fourth manor held by Ralph}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 21,10}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is said in the grant to be held in demesne by William, but was possibly 
also held by the son of Jocelyn in 1086 since William's Honour was small and his tenants few: five are named in Domesday and three in the grant, which appears to included all his manors; the fees had undergone some re-arrangement since 1086, half-a-dozen 
manors changing hands. Ralph's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 2037)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
 and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  339.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RALPH [* SON OF THEODRIC *]. Ralph}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held land in Cokeham in Sussex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SUS 13,4}{
\insrsid12807907 1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  from William of Braose}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  is probably Ralph son of Theodric}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 who held the other part of the vill from }{\insrsid12807907 William, in which case}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  he 'also' held Dankton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 13,42}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
. He has been identified as one of the two Ralphs who held}{\insrsid12807907  land }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 in Sompting and Lancing from William}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 13,38;44}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
, the second Ralph }{\insrsid12807907 named}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in the text as 'another' }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1839112 Rodulfus}{\insrsid12807907 , evidently a scribal error for Ralph, named in the previous entry}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SUS 13,3}{\insrsid12807907 9}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . All these }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  are within a mile or two of each other. There is no 1166 }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Carta}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  for the Bramber fee; different families held fees in Sompting and Lancing in the }{\insrsid12807907 thirteenth century: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5321472 Book of Fees}{
\insrsid12807907 , pp. 689-90}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Ralph's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{
\insrsid12807907 (no. 2107)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 341, where Ralph is identified as the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1839112 Rodulfus}{\insrsid12807907  at Sompting rather than the Ralph of the previous entry, who is unidentified (no. 16459).
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 [* RALPH *] SON OF TUROLD. }{\insrsid12807907 R, Ralph, and the unnamed son of Turold who between them held thirteen manors in Essex from Bishop Odo of Bayeux are probably Ralph son of Turold, named as the bishop's t
enant at Sampson's Farm and Hanningfield and on ten manors in Kent. The scribes normally used extreme abbreviation only where the identity of the tenant appeared certain, so R}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3484878 18,38-42}}}{
\insrsid12807907  must be Ralph son of Turold, the bishop having no other tenant in Essex whose name began with that letter. The other sons of Turold in Domesday Book - Gilbert and Ilbert - were not tenants of Bishop Odo so those in Essex}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
ESS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3484878 18,1;4-5;8;10-11;34}}}{\insrsid12807907  are probably Ralph, who is named 'son of Turold of Rochester' at Wricklesmarsh in Kent}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14946058 KEN 5,31}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14946058 Domesday Monachorum}{\insrsid12807907  (p. 102) supplying his forename. The Ralph at Thorrington}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 18,43}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 may also be Turold's son, since his father Turold of Rochester (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3484878 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ) annexed this manor, also holding alongside his son in Hanningfield. Ralph's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{
\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 493)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  341, apart from Thorrington, whose tenant is unidentified (no. 4683).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RALPH [* TALLBOYS *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Ralphs at Sandy and Dean in Bedfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 21,6. 57,13}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are probably Ralph Tallboys, identified by his official activities and his intermediate status. At Sandy, he is explicitly stated to have been the sheriff, a position in which he was succeeded by his son-in-law, Hugh of Beauchamp (}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14946058 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ): Green, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14946058 English sheriff}{\insrsid12807907 s, p. 25. He was the brother of another sheriff, Ivo Tallboys (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14946058 q.v.}{
\insrsid12807907 ). He died before 1086. His depredations}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14110090  as sheriff are writ large in the Bedfordshire }{\insrsid12807907 folios. As an intermediate landowner, his }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14897249 manors}{
\insrsid12807907  are not listed in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13901277 Coel}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\i\insrsid12807907 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907  or the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13901277 Statistics}{\insrsid12807907  database.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RANULF [* BROTHER OF ABBOT WALTER *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Ranulf, who held Kinwarton in Warwickshire from the abbey of Evesham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5522273 WAR 11,4}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , wa
s identified as the brother of the abbot and ancestor of the Wrottesley family by his descendant, Major-General G. Wrottesley. According to the Evesham chartulary, Abbot Walter also granted his brother Littleton and Bretforton in Worcestershire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
WOR 10,5-6;8}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Weethley in Warwickshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 11,5}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Stoke in Gloucestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 12,8}}}{\insrsid12807907 : Wrottesley, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10237010 History of the family of Wrottesley}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 10-12; }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Thomas of Marlborough}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 179}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 T}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 hese manors }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }
{\insrsid12807907 all held by the abbey in demesne in Domesday Book; but a Ranulf held Abbots Morton in Worcestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5522273 WOR 10,13}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , and since the abbey had only two named tenants, Ranulf and Urso, it is likely that this Ranulf is the abbot's brother, some re-arrangement of the abbey's fees having occurred}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Ranulf}{\insrsid12807907 
's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 manor at Kinwarton is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 4750)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 352; the tenant at Morton is unidentified (no. 31945).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 R}{\insrsid12807907 [}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ANULF] BROTHER OF ILGER. }{\insrsid12807907 R brother of Ilger at Tuddenham in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 67,15}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 can only be Ranulf brother of Ilger, the only brother of Ilger in Domesday Book. He was a tenant-in-chief in Suffolk and in seven other counties. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 461)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  355.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RANULF [* FLAMBARD *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Ranulf the cleric, who held three sites on the royal manor of Guildford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUR 1,1b}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is probably Ranulf Flambard, the notorious minister of William Rufus, who held the church on the royal manor of Goldalming and the manor of Tuesley, as well as manors in six other counties. H
e is probably also the R Flambard, tenant of the abbey of Malmesbury at Charlton in Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 8,9}}}{\insrsid12807907 , where he held a second tenancy from the abbey}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 8,6}}}{\insrsid12807907 
; the one other Flambard in Domesday Book is Humphrey, in Sussex. It is possible, though unlikely, that Ranulf is the sheriff, who had another site in Guildford: Green, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4080750 English sheriffs}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 78. At }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14949347 Bile}{\insrsid12807907  in the New Forest}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14949347 HAM NF8,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  Flambard is said to have 'held' a hide, now 
in the Forest; which might suggest he had settled in England before the Conquest; but the formulae is more likely to refer to the period between the Conquest and the loss of his hide to forest law, rather than the usual 'before 1066'. His manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 479)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 354 (as bishop of Durham), apart from the tenants at Guildford and Charlton (nos. 15315, 16682), who are unidentified.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RANULF [* }{\insrsid12807907 OF }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 MAINWARING *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Ranulfs who held a fief and two manors in Cheshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16521557 20. 27,1-2}}}{
\insrsid12807907  and three in Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 6,2-3}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16521557 . 66,97}}}{\insrsid12807907  from Earl Hugh of Chester are identified by their descent as Ranulf of Mainwaring, ancestor of the family of that name: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Charters of the Anglo-Norman }{\i\insrsid12807907 e}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 arls of Chester}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 15, 42; Farrer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16521557 Honors}{\insrsid12807907 
, ii. 227-29; Tait, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2060799 Domesday survey of Cheshire}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 55. He may also be the Ranulf who held Tilston and Christleton in Cheshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 2,5-6}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Buscot in Berkshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
BRK 18,2}}}{\insrsid12807907  from Robert son of Hugh, a tenant of Earl Hugh, though Buscot was held by another family in the thirteenth century: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2060799 Honors}{\insrsid12807907 , ii. 22-25; }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2060799 VCH }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4527725 Berkshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4527725 , iv. 512-13. The earl and Robert shared several other tenants}{\insrsid12807907 :}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4527725 
 Drogo, Fulco, Humphrey}{\insrsid12807907  and Mundred. The one other Ranulf on the Honour of Chester, at Aston}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS FD7,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  five miles from the Mainwaring manor of Blacon, is possibly also Mainwaring. Ranulf's manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 3480)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  354, where it is suggested he was from Le Mesnil Gu\'e9
rin, now named Pont-Farcy, in Lower Normandy (Calvados: arrondissement Vire).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RANULF [* OF STRINGSTON *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Ranulf, who held Stringston in Somerset from Alfred of 'Spain'}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 35,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is very pr
obably Ranulf of Stringston, named in the Geld Roll for Williton Hundred, where Ralph held another manor from Alfred in Alfoxton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 35,13}}}{\insrsid12807907 : }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6907975 VCH Somerset}{\insrsid12807907 , i. 532. It is likely that he is the Ranulf who also held Merridge}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 35,20}}}{\insrsid12807907  from Alfred}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SOM 35,20}}}{\insrsid12807907 . All three manors were acquired from the same pre-Conquest lord and components of all three manors lay in the same Hundred of Cannington; }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4527725 Alfred }{\insrsid12807907 had}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid4527725  no other }{\insrsid12807907 Ralphs}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4527725  on his }{\insrsid12807907 Honour}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4527725 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4527725 VCH Somerset}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid4527725 , vi. 114, 172.}{\insrsid12807907  Swang}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 21,29}}}{\insrsid12807907 , also in the same Hundre
d, was possibly held by the same Ranulf, though there is no link to confirm this, and the manor was held from another tenant-in-chief}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907  Ranulf's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{
\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 1991)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  352, apart from Merridge, whose tenant is unidentified (no. 15162).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 [* RANULF *] PEVEREL. }{\insrsid12807907 R Peverel and R Pev who occur on several manors in East Anglia}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 9,194. SUF 16,26. 21,39. 25,112}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 must be Ranulf Peverel, a tenant-in-chief in Norfolk and Suffolk and six other counties. Three occurrences of Pev or Peverel}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 16,23;30. 38,11}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are also Ranulf Peverel, identified by references to his predecessor Saxi}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 34,10;12-13;17-18}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and to his tenant }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11369376 Ralph of Savenay}{\insrsid12807907  (}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3430979 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ); the other Peverel, William, did not hold land in East Anglia. Ranulf Peverel may also be the Ranulf who held Welbatch and Stapleton in Shropshire from Roger son of Corbet}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SHR 4,4,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Peverel was a tenant-in-chief and the only other Ranulf in the county. His Honour was forfeit before 1130 so the descent of the tenancies may not be relevant, though the fact that they were held by different families in the thirteenth century
 is consistent with the heirs of the Domesday tenant or tenants suffering the same fate of those of the tenant-in-chief: Sanders, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11369376 English baronies}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 120; Eyton, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11369376 Antiquities of Shropshire}{\insrsid12807907 , vi. 108, 119. Ranulf's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 1503)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  355-56.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RANULF }{\insrsid12807907 [* }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SON OF WALTER}{\insrsid12807907  *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 R }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11369376 son of Walter}{
\insrsid12807907 , who held Knodishall in Suffolk from Roger Bigot, must be }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1585376 Ranulf son of Walter}{\insrsid12807907 , who held the previous manor}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 7,21}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. He was an important tenant of Roger Bigot in East Anglia, given his byname on one other manor in Suffolk and thirteen in Norfolk. He is probably also the Ranulf who held a group of four manors from Roger}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 9,161-164}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 - said to be held by one man - since two are in vills where he is accorded his byname on other holdings. Similarly, he is very probably the Ranulf at Saxmundham, with outliers in Peasenhall and Kn
odishall, his byname being recorded on one holding in Knodishall; he may also have held the following manor}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 7,71-72}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Roger had no other Ranulfs on his Honour. Roger's tenant does not appear to be related to the R }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid11369376 son of Walter}{\insrsid12807907  who held Buckminster in Leicestershire from the bishop of Lincoln}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1585376 LEC 3,15}}}{
\insrsid12807907 . Ranulf's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 488)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }
{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  354-55.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RANULF }{\insrsid12807907 [* THE LATINIST *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Ranulf, who held Knottingley in Yorkshire from Ilbert of Lacy}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 9W58}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is very probably Ranulf the Latinist (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13843877 Grammaticus}{\insrsid12807907 ) who gave tithes in Knottingley to }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Ilbert's foundation of St Clement, Pontefract: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Early Yorkshire charters}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , iii. 185-87}{\insrsid12807907 . He is probably also the one other Ranulf among Ilbert's tenants, at Shippen House and Sturton Grange}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
YKS 9W4}}}{\insrsid12807907 . The St Clements charter attributes to him land in Darrington}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13843877 9W51}}}{\insrsid12807907  and his descendants held land in Hardwick}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid13843877 9W54}}}{\insrsid12807907 , both in other hands in 1086 so some shuffling of tenancies occurred later: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13843877 Early Yorkshire families}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 35-38. The one other Ranulf in Yorkshire, a tenant of Erneis of Buron at Dunsforth, in the same part of the West Riding, has no discernible links with Ilbert's tenant. Ranulf's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 
recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 4620)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  352; the tenant at Dunsford is unidentified (no. 38160).}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13843877 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 [* RANULF *] THE SHERIFF. }{\insrsid12807907 The anonymous sheriff of Surrey who held the royal manor of Childerditch in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12076411 ESS 1,23}}}{
\insrsid12807907  may the sheriff Ranulf who held a site in Guildford in Surrey from the king in 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12076411 SUR 1,1c}}}{\insrsid12807907 . It is possible, though unlikely, that he is Ranulf Flambard: Green, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4080750 English sheriffs}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 78. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{
\insrsid12807907 (no. 4311)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  353.

\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RATHI [* OF GIMINGHAM *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Rathi, who preceded William of Warenne at Gimingham in Norfolk, is almost certainly Rathi of Gimingham, William's predecessor at Repps, two miles away}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NFK 8,119;128}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. As the name is very rare and its distribution localised, the two other Rathis in Domesday Book, both in eastern Norfolk, are likely to be the same man, though their manors were acquired by different tenants-in-chief; they are roughly twenty miles to the
 south and ten miles apart}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 24,6. 52,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RAVEN. }{\insrsid12807907 Raven is an uncommon name which occurs eighteen times on smal
l or tiny holdings, scattered among ten counties between Buckinghamshire and Yorkshire, on the lands of the king and ten tenants-in-chief; all but two Ravens are pre-Conquest landowners.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RAVEN <OF }{\insrsid12807907 BROXTON}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is uncommon, the Raven whose modest holding at Broxton in Cheshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 2,14}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 was acquired by Robert son of Hugh may be related to either of the other Ravens in the county; but there are no links to confirm this; their manors, equally or more modest, are twenty or more miles away.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RAVEN <OF }{\insrsid12807907 DUTTON}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is uncommon, it is possible that the Raven whose modest holding at Dutton in Cheshire worth five shillings}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
CHS 26,2}}}{\insrsid12807907  was acquired by Earl Hugh of Chester is the Raven at Warburton or Broxton, twelve and twenty miles away respectively; but there are no links to confirm either.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \cbpat8 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RAVEN <OF }{\insrsid12807907 GOLDSMITHS GRANGE}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 
Raven, who held a small manor among the king's servants at Goldsmith's Grange in Leicestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9919917 LEC 42,8}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has no apparent links with his namesakes. It is unclear whether his closest neighbour, at Normanton in Nottinghamshire some sixteen miles away, survived the Conquest. The one definite survivor, at Yoxall in Staffordshire, is roughly forty miles away}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14571824 .}{\insrsid12807907  Raven is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 26655).}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RAVEN <OF }{\insrsid12807907 LAMPORT}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 
As the name is uncommon, it is probable that Bishop Wulfwy's man at Lamport in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 43,6}}}{\insrsid12807907  is the thane Raven in the adjacent vill of Dadford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 57,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Although modestly endowed, Lamport is the most valuable of the Raven manors, and Dadford one of the few worth as much as \'a31.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RAVEN <OF }{\insrsid12807907 LANGER}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is uncommon, it is probable that the Ravens whose shared manors at Langer and 'Alston' in Suffolk were acquired by }
{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15101126 Roger Bigot}{\insrsid12807907  are one man}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6561306 SUF 7,100}{\insrsid12807907 -101}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, but perhaps unlikely that he is related to the one other Raven in East Anglia, on an equally modest holding at Occold on the other side of the county.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RAVEN <OF NORMANTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 It is unclear whether Raven, who held a tiny manor of two bovates at Normanton among the king's thanes of Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 30,16}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, held it before or after the Conquest, or at both dates. His nearest namesake, at Goldsmiths Grange in Leicestershire some sixteen miles away, was a survivor so is possibly the same man.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RAVEN <OF }{\insrsid12807907 NORTHILL}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 It is probable that Raven, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6561306 Wulfmer of Eaton}{\insrsid12807907 
's man on two manors at Northill in Bedfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 21,14-15}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is one man. His has no links with his namesakes elsewhere.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RAVEN <OF }{\insrsid12807907 OCCOLD}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 As the name is uncommon}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  the Raven who}{\insrsid12807907 se}
{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  shared manor at Occold in Suffolk worth ten shillings }{\insrsid12807907 was acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15101126 Robert Malet}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 6,193}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is }{
\insrsid12807907 possibly Raven}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 of Langer; but there are no links to confirm this and Langer is }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 on the other side of the county.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RAVEN <OF }{\insrsid12807907 OUSEBURN}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 
Despite the comparative rarity of the name, it is perhaps unlikely that the Raven who held one of five manors in Ouseburn before the Conquest}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 1W30}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 is related to the other Raven in Yorkshire, at }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6561306 Torp}{\insrsid12807907  in the North Riding, some forty miles or more away.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RAVEN <OF }{\insrsid12807907 "TORP"}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 Despite the comparative rarity of the name, it is unlikely that the Raven whose manor worth five shillings in the lost vill of }
{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6561306 Torp}{\insrsid12807907  in the North Riding of Yorkshire was acquired by Count Alan of Brittany}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 6N17}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 is related to his one namesake in Yorkshire, at Ouseburn in the West Riding.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RAVEN <OF }{\insrsid12807907 WARBURTON}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 
As the name is uncommon, it is possible that the Raven whose modest holding at Warburton in Cheshire worth five shillings was acquired by Osbern son of Tezzo}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 24,6}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 is the Raven at Dutton or Broxton, twelve and twenty miles away respectively, or even }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Raven of Broxton, thirty }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  away; but there are no }{\insrsid12807907 link}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 s to confirm }{\insrsid12807907 this.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RAVEN <OF WINSTER>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is uncommon, it is probable that the Ravens who preceded Henry of Ferrers at Winster, Stanton and Birchover in Derbyshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 6,2;73-74}}}{\insrsid12807907  are one man. B
irchover is a dependency of Stanton, and a little over a mile from Winster. Less certainly, he may be the Raven at Handley, eleven miles to the east}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 17,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \cbpat8 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RAVEN <OF }{\insrsid12807907 YOXALL}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 
Raven, who shared land on a dependency of the bishop of Chester's manor of Lichfield in Staffordshire with another survivor}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 2,22}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has no links with his namesakes elsewhere. He is one of two surviving Ravens, the other at Goldsmiths Grange in Leicestershire, some forty miles away}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14571824 .}{\insrsid12807907 
 The thane at Normanton in Nottinghamshire is somewhat closer but it is unclear whether he survived the Conquest. Raven is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 31349).}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1844689 RAVENGAR}{\insrsid12807907  <OF BECKNEY>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1844689 . }{\insrsid12807907 It is probable that all Ravengars in Domesday Book are one man. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1844689 
The name occurs five times, all in Essex}{\insrsid12807907 , four in Barstable Hundred, the fifth in the neighbouring Hundred of Rochford, on four occasions named for his depredations after the Conquest}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 9,2. 18,6-7}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid1844689 . 30,21}}}{\insrsid12807907 . At Beckney}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1844689 ESS 18,15}}}{\insrsid12807907  he is said to have 'held' the manor, normally m
eaning before the Conquest. Since Beckney was acquired by Bishop Odo of Bayeux, who also held two others where Ravengar was active, he is probably the same man here, too; and it may be suspected that he 'held' as an intermediate landowner, rather than in 
1066; the manor is, however, attributed to him as the pre-Conquest lord in the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13901277 Statistics}{\insrsid12807907  database.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RAVENKEL}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8131145 .}{\insrsid12807907  Rave
nkel is an uncommon name which occurs on two dozen manors, distributed among five counties and the lands of the king and a dozen of his tenants-in-chief, all but three of the manors lying in the northern counties of Cheshire, Derbyshire and Yorkshire, the
 one cluster being in Yorkshire, where the only survivors are recorded.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8131145 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RAVENKEL <OF ARLESTON>. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Ravenkel}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 who }{\insrsid12807907 shared}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  a small manor }{\insrsid12807907 at
}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Arleston }{\insrsid12807907 in Derbyshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8157196 Henry of Ferrers}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 6,85}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{
\insrsid12807907 has no links with}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  his namesakes.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RAVENKEL <OF }{\insrsid12807907 CLAYTON}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >.}{\insrsid12807907  As the name is uncommon, it is probable that the Ravenkels who preceded William Malbank at Aston and 'Clayton' in Cheshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
CHS 8,44. FD3,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  are one man; and since the holdings of the other two Ravenkels in the county, at Burwardsley}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 2,21}}}{\insrsid12807907  and }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9842250 Edritone}{\cs23\i\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS FD5,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 , lay between Aston and 'Clayton', they may also have been held by him.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RAVENKEL <OF DILWYN>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is uncommon, the Ravenkels in the adjacent vills of Dilwyn and Luntley in Herefordshire, both acquired by Ilbert son of Turold (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9842250 
q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ), are very probably one man}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 1,32-33}}}{\insrsid12807907 . The manors are modestly valuable, including two of the three worth \'a31 or more. Ravenkel has no links with his namesakes elsewhere.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RAVENKEL <OF HIMLEY>. }{\insrsid12807907 Ravenkel, who shared land worth twenty-four shillings at Himley in Staffordshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 acquired by }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid8157196 William son of Ansculf}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 12,12}}}{\insrsid12807907 , has no links with his namesakes elsewhere.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 REGINALD [* CNUT *]. All Reginalds in Wiltshire are }{\insrsid12807907 probably Reginald Cnut, who held Chippenham in chief. The remaining Reginalds are }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 tenants of Miles Crispin}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
WIL 28,2;6-7;9;12-13}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , two of }{\insrsid12807907 whom are named}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Reginald Cnut in the Geld Roll for the county: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 VCH Wiltshire}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , ii. 210, 215-16. }{\insrsid12807907 Reginald Cnut is identified as Reginald son of Croc, a tenant-in-chief in Hampshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 59,1. S3. IoW1,6}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and ancestor of the Foliot family, by the descent of his manors, which include the Crispin manors of Chilton Foliat and Draycot Foliat in Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 28,2;7}}}{\insrsid12807907 , as well as nine
 manors in Oxfordshire held from}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 the fiefs of Robert d'Oilly, Miles Crispin and the escheated fief of William son of Osbern}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 28,23-24. 35,12;14;34. 59,16-18;22}}}{\insrsid12807907 : 
}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7473290 Boarstall cartulary}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 308, 312-13; Farrer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7473290 Honors}{\insrsid12807907 , iii. 234-37. The last of these mano
rs, Albury, identifies Cnut as the Reginald who held eleven messuages in Wallingford dependent upon that manor}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK B3;8}}}{\insrsid12807907 
; most of these manors can be traced as part of the Honour of Wallingford. Given the very close ties between Robert d'Oilly and Roger d'Ivry (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8079569 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
), it is possible that Reginald Cnut is the Reginald who held Northbrook and Brookhampton from Roger}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 29,9;13;20}}}{\insrsid12807907  and, if so, the tenant of Robert of Stafford in the former of those vills}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 27,8}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. None of the three tenants-in-chief had a tenant named Reginald elsewhere on their Honours. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Finally, }{\insrsid12807907 Cnut}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 is possibly the Reginald who held subtenancies on royal manors in Berkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 1,24}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and Oxfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 1,10}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , the only Regin}
{\insrsid12807907 ald to do so in Great Domesday.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3042675  Reginald Cnut (no. 186) and Reginald son of Croc (nos. }{\insrsid12807907 170,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3042675  577}{\insrsid12807907 )}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid3042675  are identified as different }{\insrsid12807907 men}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3042675  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3042675 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3042675 
, where Reginald Cnut is credited with the manors listed above, apart from those in Hampshire attributed to the son of Croc}{\insrsid12807907 ;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3042675  those of Roger of Ivry's tenant, identified as}{\insrsid12807907 
 another man (no. 12171), and one of the two manors of Miles in Somerton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 35,34}}}{\insrsid12807907 , whose tenant is unidentified (no. 27997).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 REGINALD <OF FLINTHAM>. }{\insrsid12807907 Reginald, who held a small manor at Flintham in Nottinghamshire from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10497599 Walter of Aincourt}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 11,25}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has no links with his namesakes. He is Walter's only tenant of that name, and the only Reginald in Nottinghamshire or the four adjacent counties. He is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 35432).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 REGINALD [* OF ST HELENS *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Reginalds who held seven manors from the abbey of Abingdon in Berkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 7,5;7-8}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3890951 ;18;25;27;46}}}
{\insrsid12807907  are probably Reginald of St Helens, who witnessed one of the abbey's charters and is stated in the list of knights appended to abbey's chronicle}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3890951  to have held Frilford and Lyford, two of }{
\insrsid12807907 his Domesday manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 7,18;25}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3890951 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3890951 Historia Ecclesie Abbendonensis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3890951 
, ii. 50-51, 322-23. This list also attributes Garsington and Hendred to him}{\insrsid12807907 ; the latter does not appear as an Abingdon manor in Domesday, but Garsi
ngton was held by another tenant, Gilbert, so there had been some re-arrangement of the Abingdon fees. There is little reason to doubt, however, that Reginald is the same man on all these Abingdon manors since, with a single exception}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
BRK 1,24}}}{\insrsid12807907 , he is the only Reginald in the county. The abbey had no tenants named Reginald elsewhere. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 1012)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  348.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 REGINALD [* OF VAUTORTES *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Reginalds who held twenty-five manors from the Count of Mortain in Devon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15234473 15
,26-30;36-37;45-46;48;50-53;64-65;67-72;75;78-79}}}{\insrsid12807907  are probably Reginald of Vautortes, named in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6717044 Exon.}{\insrsid12807907  as his tenant at Bigbury in the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 15,44}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, at Beercrocombe and Charlton Adam in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 19,28;43}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and on the fief and three other manors he held from the Count in Cornwall}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 2,12-14. 5,2,1-33}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. He is no doubt the Count of Mortain's unnamed tenant - though the text speaks of 'men' - who withheld dues belonging to the royal manor of Ermington at Fardel, Dinnaton, Broadaford and Ludbrook}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 1,23}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, he being the Count's only tenant in those vills}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 15,67;69-70;72}}}{\insrsid12807907 . He is the only Reginald in Cornwall and one of only two in Somerset, so some of the remaining}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 
sixteen Reginalds in Devon may be him, though there are no links to identify them. His heirs owed the service 59 knights for the barony of Trematon, the most valuable of his Domesday manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 5,2,11}}}{\insrsid12807907 : Sanders, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15234473 English baronies}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 90-91. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{
\insrsid12807907 (no. 228)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  348-49.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 REGINALD [* THE BRETON *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Reginald the Breton held Lidgate in Suffolk and, according to the Feudal Book of Abbot Baldwin, was a tenant of Bury St Edmunds at Great Livermere}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUF 14,68}}}{\insrsid12807907  together with his brother Hubert the Breton, who does not occur elsewhere: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 Feudal documents}{\insrsid12807907 
, p. 22. Their tenancies at Livermere cannot be identified in Domesday Book, where the only te
nant was the abbot's brother, Frodo, holding different amounts of land and men. The abbey had no other tenants named Reginald, and Reginald no links with his namesakes in the county, both tenants of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8681639 Hervey of Bourges}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUF 67,2;16}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Reginald's fief is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 157)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  347.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 REGINALD [* THE SHERIFF *]. It is likely that all Reginalds in the five counties of Cheshire, Shropshire, Staffordshire, Sussex and Warwickshire are Reginald of Balliol, Earl Roger of Shrewsbury's sheriff of Shropshire. }
{\insrsid12807907 He is identified as the sheriff}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  in Sussex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 11,46;67;116}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and Staffordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 8,4-6}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 by the descent of }{\insrsid12807907 his}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  manors }{\insrsid12807907 there}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 : Eyton, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Antiquities of Shropshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, vii. 202-11. In Shropshire, where Reginald succeeded Warin the bald as sheriff, he was succeeded in turn by Alan son of Flaad to his lands and office: Sanders, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 English baronies}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, pp. 70-71. Reginald was one of the earl's major tenants-in-chief in Shropshire and a tenant-in-chief in his own right in Staffordshire. He is almost certainly the Reginald who built Oswestry castle}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,1,11}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, and probably the Reginald who held land alongside the English sheriff Mundred}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,1,19}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and acquired part of Broome}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,28,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 from an Austin - an uncommon name - from whom he also obtained Cardington}{\insrsid12807907 , which he held in chief}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 He can be identified as the Reginald with a small fief }{
\insrsid12807907 and another manor }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 in Cheshire, mostly acquired from a Thorth}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 CHS 2}{\insrsid12807907 2,1-2. 27,3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , probably Thorth of Wroxeter (}
{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 )}{\insrsid12807907 , his predecessor and sometimes his tenant }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 on half-a-dozen of his Shropshire }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SHR 4,3,14;20;26;30-31;69}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Finally, he is probably the tenant of Earl Roger in Warwickshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 12,3-5;7}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  where he is preceded on some }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  by an Almund, probably Almund father of Alward (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
) from whom he acquired several Shropshire }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 : Tait, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Domesday }{\i\insrsid12807907 s}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 urvey of Cheshire}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , pp. 55-56. }{\insrsid12807907 His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 1836)
}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 348. He was from Bailleul in Lower Normandy (Orne: arrondissement Argentan): Loyd, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1391730 Some Anglo-Norman families}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 11-12.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5451494 [* REGINALD *] WADARD. }{\insrsid12807907 Reginald Wadard, who held Somerton and Fritwell in Oxfordshire from the bishop of Bayeux, may be the son of Wadard of Cogges (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5451494 q.v.}{
\insrsid12807907 ), one of Odo's honorial barons well-known from his appearance in the Bayeux Tapestry. Reginald may have lost these manors after the forfeiture of the bishop and his father, since they descended - like Wadard's - to the }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14242253 Arsic family; the mesne tenancy was later held by the Pipard}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14242253 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14242253 VCH Oxfordshire}{\insrsid12807907 , vi. 139,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14242253  291.}{\insrsid12807907  An unnamed Wadard's son - presumably Reginald - who held Thrupp as a tenant of Roger of Ivry}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 29,16}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Barford as his subtenant}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
OXF 9,6}}}{\insrsid12807907 , may be the same man, though Stento
n doubted this: 'Domesday survey of Oxfordshire', p. 381. However, though there is no direct tenurial link, it seems unnecessary to postulate two sons of Wadard in one county. At Barford, at least, Wadard's son }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14242253 
retained his land, }{\insrsid12807907 perhaps protected by his association with Roger; }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14242253 Barford pass}{\insrsid12807907 ed}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14242253  to a Walkelin Wadard, then his daughter: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14242253 VCH Oxfordshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14242253 , xi. 46-47.}{\insrsid12807907  Reginald's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907  (no. 4730)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  350.

\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 REINBALD.}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 The name Reinbald }{\insrsid12807907 occurs on four small fiefs and two dozen manors but }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 is }{\insrsid12807907 
rare in the sense that it was probably borne by few individuals. It occurs in ten counties, on the lands of the king and four of his tenants-in-chief, perhaps}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  borne by two or three individuals}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 REINBALD [* OF CIRENCESTER *]. Reinbald the priest, }{\insrsid12807907 alias}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Reinbald the chaplain}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 1,42}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, Reinbald of Cirencester}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
}{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 61,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and Reinbald the chancellor}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 1,46}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  held 
land before and after the Conquest and was chancellor to Edward the Confessor and (probably) }{\insrsid12807907 to }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
William the Conqueror. Most of his manors and churches are recorded in a grant of Henry I of 'the whole tenure' of Reinbald to the abbey of Cirencester}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 which i
dentifies him where his byname is omitted at Bray in }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Berkshire}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 BRK 1}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 ,22}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  and}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{
\cf1\insrsid12807907 Boycott in }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Oxfordshire}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 OXF 49,1}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , and }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
probably as the anonymous priest at Shrivenham in Berkshire}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 BRK 1,33}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 : }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Cartulary of Cirencester abbey
}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , i. 21-24}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 . This}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  'whole tenure' is not exhaustive}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 , however, since}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Reinbald is }{
\cf1\insrsid12807907 identified by one of his bynames}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 in Domesday as holding land in Wallingford in Berkshire, Frome and Rode in Somerset, Boveney in Buckinghamshire, and Eldersfield in Herefordshire. It is also probable that he is t
he Reinbald who held land attached to the church on the royal manor of Cheltenham}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 GLS 1,1}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 and he is identified as the }{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Reinbald }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 holding from Westminster abbey in Longdon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WOR 8,9b-9c}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 by the satellite text }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Evesham A}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , which locates one of these entries at Eldersfield, revealed to have been held by the chancellor in a}{\insrsid12807907 n}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Herefordshire entry for that vill. He may therefore be the }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 tenant of the abbey at Elmstone in Gloucestershire}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 GLS 19,2}}}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , and his brother }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 the tenant }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 of the abbey of Gloucester at Ampney}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 GLS 10,12}}}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  where }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 Reinbald himself}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  held land in the other part of the vill. The otherwise unknown Reginald the chaplain}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  who held the royal manor of Wincot}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 GLS 1,42}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 ,}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is possibly a scribal error for Reinbald.}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Dr Keats-Rohan suggests }{\insrsid12807907 that Reinbald}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 is the son of Bishop Peter who held land from the king at Reading. Reinbald's manors are discussed and mapped by Keynes, 'Regenbald the chancellor', pp. 194-97, 211-13; see also }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Oxford DNB}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , xlvi. 364-65. His 1086 tenancies are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 616) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 351}{\insrsid12807907 , with the addition of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Upton Scudamore in Wiltshire, here assigned to another Reinbald.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 REINBALD [* OF }{\insrsid12807907 TUBNEY}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The tenant of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  the abbey of Abingdon}{\insrsid12807907  at}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 Leckhampstead, Frilford and Tubney}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 in Berkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 7,14;18-19}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{
\insrsid12807907 is named}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Reinbald of Tubney in the abbey's chronicle}{\insrsid12807907 , which reveals that he held these}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  three}{\insrsid12807907 
 manors and two others, these two latter subsequently restored to the abbey}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 A later source, the untrustworthy 'List of knights' of the abbey, appears to attribute several other manors to him: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Historia Ecclesie Abbendonensis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , ii. }{\insrsid12807907 322; Hudson,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  'The abbey of Abingdon}{\insrsid12807907 ', pp. 193-94. A}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  son-in-law of Abbot Reginald}{\insrsid12807907 
, he involved the abbey in his troubles with the king, lost his lands, was reinstated a few years later, but did not ultimately retain Leckhampstead, his most valuable manor, which was enfeoff
ed to Henry I's chamberlain, Herbert. His son, Adelelm, became a monk at Abingdon, which may explain the space devoted to his father in the chronicle}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Historia}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , ii. 5}{\insrsid12807907 4}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 -5}{\insrsid12807907 9, 190-91, 196-99, 246-47, 381}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . It has been suggested that }{\insrsid12807907 he}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  also held a small fief in Oxfordshire}{\insrsid12807907 , here assigned to}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Reinbald of Cirencester, chancellor of England}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Historia}{
\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  ii. p. cxxii, note 665. Reinbald's manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 1579) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 350-51.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 REINBALD <OF UPTON>. Reinbald}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held Upton Scudamore }{\insrsid12807907 in Wiltshire }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 from Arnulf of Hesdin}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
WIL 25,23}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 may be}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Reinbald of Cirencester, the chancellor}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Upton }{\insrsid12807907 being}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 seven}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  miles from }{\insrsid12807907 hi}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 s }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 of}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Frome and Rode. However, the descent of most of the chancellor's }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  has been traced and does not include Upton}{\insrsid12807907 
, and Arnulf acquired no other of his manors: }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Keynes, 'Regenb}{\insrsid12807907 ald the chancellor', pp. 212-13}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Upton}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 was in the hands of the Cormeilles family a century later, too late to be }{\insrsid12807907 conclusive}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  evidence of }{\insrsid12807907 the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  identity}{\insrsid12807907  of the }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Domesday }{\insrsid12807907 tenant}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in view of the upheavals in the Hesdin Honour }{\insrsid12807907 in the interval: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VCH Wiltshire}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , ii. 110; viii. 82}{\insrsid12807907 . On balance, this Reinbald seems more likely to be a different man from the chancellor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9977341 REINBERT [* THE SHERIFF *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The name Reinbert occurs almost three dozen times, once as Reinbert the Fleming, an intermediate landowner in Gloucestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 73,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, the remainder in Sussex, all but two of them on the fief of the Count of Eu}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9977341 9,1;4;11;15-16;19;21-22;64-69;82;85-97;104;115}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, all probably therefore the Count's sheriff in the Rape of Hastings, alias Reinbert the steward, Reinbert of Hastings and Reinbert of Sutton: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9977341 Regesta}{\insrsid12807907 , ii. nos. 619, 752; Green, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9977341 English sheriffs}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 81; Round, 'Some early grants', p. 70. The two Reinberts who held Alciston and Bathurst from Battle abbey}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 8,1;5}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are probably also the sheriff, who had another manor from the Count in Alciston. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{
\insrsid12807907 (no. 917)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  357.

\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BISHOP R[EMIGIUS OF LINCOLN]. }{\insrsid12807907 Bishop R on the fiefs of the bishopric of Lincoln in Cambridgeshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 3,2-3;5-6}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Huntingdonshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
HUN 2,9}}}{\insrsid12807907  can only be Bishop Remigius of Lincoln. In Lincolnshire, Bishop R at Owmby}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4398660 14,21}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 is almost certainly Remigius, who had a manor in the vill; and at Wilsford he is evidently the Bishop R who bought the manor for the Church of Lincoln}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4398660 LIN 51,12}}}{
\insrsid12807907 . The interest of 'Bishop R, Kolgrim and their companions' in the ninety acres of underwood at Kelby}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 3,35}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 is probably explained by their claim on lands and jurisdiction of Arnketil, one of the pre-Conquest landowners}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4398660 LIN CK13}}}{\insrsid12807907 . No other landowner in Domesday is named Remigius. His manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 838)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  357-58.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par ABBOT}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  R[}{\insrsid12807907 HIWALLON}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ]. }{\insrsid12807907 Abbot R, who held a house in Ewelme in Oxfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK B9}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, may be Rhiwallon, abbot of New Minster, Winchester, from 1072-88: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5970184 Heads of religious houses}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 82.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par RHIWALLON <OF PULLOXHILL>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 All laymen named Rh
iwallon are almost certainly one man. All five occur in Bedfordshire, three on a tight cluster of manors at Chawston, Roxton and Great Barford held from Hugh Beauchamp}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3242942 23,34-36}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , a fourth involved in a claim concerning Chawston, there described as Hugh Beauchamp's man}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 25,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. In view of the rarity of the name and its distribution, the other Rhiwallon, a tenant of Nigel of Aubigny at Pulloxhill}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 24,17}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 sixteen miles south of Barford, is likely to be the same man; the descent of his manors has not been traced. Dr Keats-Rohan suggest he may have been a relative of Nigel as the name occurs in the Aubigny family. His manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 991)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  415.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3242942 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par RIBALD [* BROTHER OF COUNT ALAN *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 All Ribalds in Domesday Book are alm
ost certainly one man, a tenant of Count Alan of Brittany and probably his half-brother. He held ten manors from the Count in Yorkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14500568 
6N87;90;94;99;102;106;125-126;152-153}}}{\insrsid12807907  and another dozen in Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 4,3;6-7;14;20-22;25;35-36}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14500568 ;43;45;52}}}{\insrsid12807907 . His
 Yorkshire manors were later part of the Middleham fee, named from his manor in that vill}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 6N99}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, the fee being later held by his descendants, with considerable accretions. The descent of the Norfolk manors is less well documented but the most valuable of them - Pickenham and Hethersett}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 4,6-7}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 - can be traced as part of the same fee and there is no reason to doubt that the remainder were also: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14500568 Early Yorkshire charters}{\insrsid12807907 , v. 297-315. Ribald's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }
{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 859)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  358.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14500568 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RICHARD [* OF BEAUMAIS *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Richard, who held Preen and Meadowley in Shropshire from Helgot of Holdgate}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,21,7;12}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is 'not improbably' Richard of Beaumais, a clerk of Earl Roger of Shrewsbury, who may have granted Preen to Wenlock abbey. He was later bishop of London (1108-1127) and 'viceroy' of Shropshire: Eyton, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9987441 Antiquities of 
}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13710473 Shropshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13710473 , i. 149; ii. 192-201; vi. 221; Mason, 'Officers and clerks', pp. 253-54. He witnessed}{\insrsid12807907  charters in favour of Shrewsbury abbey: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid206122 Cartulary of Shrewsbury abbey}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 30, 33. He was from Beaumais-sur-Dive }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 in }{\insrsid12807907 Lower }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Normandy}{\insrsid12807907 
 (Calvados: arrondissement Caen) in Lower Normandy: Loyd, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1391730 Some Anglo-Norman families}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 13-14. His Shropshire manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 1492)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  362-63.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RICHARD <OF BRAMPTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 Although the name is common, the Richards who held fourteen manors from Ralph of Mortimer in Wiltshire, Herefordshire and Shropshire may be one man.
 Two of the three Herefordshire manors lay in Birley, the third - Kinnersley - being held in the thirteenth century from the lord of Birley}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 9,15-17}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 who held from the Mortimer Honour of Wigmore: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3242942 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 803. With one exception, the Shropshire manors fall into two closely related groups, centring on Brampton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 6,23-26}}}{
\insrsid12807907  and Wall town}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,11,14. 6,5-6;9}}}{\insrsid12807907  respectively. The exception, Huntington}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,11,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 , lies between the two groups. One manor from each group - Kinlet and Brampton - w
as held by Brian of Brampton from the Honour of Wigmore in the mid-thirteenth century: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12534516 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 
, p. 963. Brian also held Ashton in Herefordshire from the Honour, though not Kinnersley and Birley, so a process of fragmentation and estate building had occurred since Domesday: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12534516 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 799, 804, 814. Brian also held Alderton in Wiltshire from the Honour, one of two manors in the adjacent vills of Surrendell and Alderton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 41,7;9}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 held by a Richard from Ralph of Mortimer in 1086 who is therefore likely to be Richard of Brampton: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12534516 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 
, p. 963. Ralph of Mortimer had two other tenants named Richard, at Walton in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 29,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  where Richard is named Richard }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12534516 de Barra}{\i\insrsid12807907  }{
\insrsid12807907 in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6717044 Exon.}{\insrsid12807907 , and at Grimsby in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 36,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Either or both might be Richard of Brampton, but there are no links to confirm this. Richard's Shropshire manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 9385) }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  368, apart from Huntingdon and Wall Town, who
se tenants are unidentified (nos. 30911, 30924), as are those in Herefordshire (nos. 30293-95), Lincolnshire (no. 34393) and Wiltshire (nos. 17032, 17034).}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12534516 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par RICHARD [* OF GUILDEN MORDEN *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Richard, who held Guilden Morden in Cambridgeshire from Geoffrey de Mandeville}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 22,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is undoubtedly Richard of Morden, a juror in 'Arringford' Hundred (where Morden Lay) named in the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8005206 Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis}{\insrsid12807907  and the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8005206 
Inquisition Eliensis}{\insrsid12807907  (ed. Hamilton, pp. 51, 98). He is the only Richard in the county apart from the tenant-in-chief Richard son of Count Gilbert, though other Richards are named among the jurors. His manor is recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 287)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  365, where he is identified a Richard Gernet, a tenant of Geoffrey de Mandeville in Essex; see also Lewis, 'Domesday jurors', p. 38.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RICHARD [* OF MONTGAROULT *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Richard, who held Brocton in Shropshire from Earl Roger of Shrewsbury}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,12,1. 4,27,30}}}{\insrsid12807907 , may be Richard }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid206122 de monte Warold}{\insrsid12807907  (or }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid206122 de montewarult}{\insrsid12807907 
), who witnessed charters in favour of Shrewsbury abbey, the one unidentified Richard holding from the earl in the county: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid206122 Cartulary of Shrewsbury abbey}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 30, 33. His manor - the entries are duplicates - is recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 8232)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  360, where his byname is identified as Montgaroult in Lower Normandy (Orne: arrondissement Argentan).

\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RICHARD [* OF NEWARK *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Richard, who held part of the large episcopal manor of Cropredy in Oxfordshire from the bishop of Lincoln}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 6,13}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is probably Richard of Newark, who gave tithes in Claydon to Evesham abbey early in the next century, Claydon being part of the manor of Cropredy: }{\i\insrsid12807907 Eynsham cartulary}{\insrsid12807907 , i. 37; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid206122 
VCH Oxfordshire}{\insrsid12807907 , x. 186. The bishop had no other tenants of this name. Richard's manor is recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 4731)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  360.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RICHARD [* OF SACKVILLE}{\insrsid12807907  *]. With one exception, the Richards who held Rockland in Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 24,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  and eleven manors in Essex}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
ESS 25,1;6-10;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7022410 16;20-21;23-24}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 from Eudo the steward are probably Richard of Sackville, named as Eudo's tenant at Aspenden in Hertfordshire and Rivenhall in Essex; his identity is suggested elsewhere by the descent of his manors: }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid918051 Round, }{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid918051 'The }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 Essex Sackvilles}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid918051 ', }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid14824722 p}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 p}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid14824722 . }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
223-26; }{\insrsid12807907 Farrer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14824722 Honors}{\insrsid12807907 , iii. 168, 271}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 . The exception is Eudo's tenant at Broxted}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 ESS 25,12}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
, identified as Richard son of Count Gilbert. Richard of Sackville was the wealthiest of Eudo's tenants. Richard's estate was later known as the Honour of Richard of Sackville: }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid14824722 Red Book}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
, i. 365; ii. 501. His}{\insrsid12807907  manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 726)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  361.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12942878 RICHARD [* OF SOURDEVAL *]. Of the 128 manors which the Count of Mortain subinfeudated}{\insrsid12807907 
 in Yorkshire, 126 were granted to men with two forenames, Richard and Nigel; and of the forty-nine unidentified Richards in the county, forty-six are the Count's tenants; Farrer's counts are higher than this: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5964714 
VCH Yorkshire}{\insrsid12807907 , ii. 154. It is probable, therefore, that all forty-six - too numerous to list here - are Richard of Sourdeval, who held two }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5964714 messuages}{\insrsid12807907 
 in York, is named as the Count's tenant at Aislaby}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS C8. 5N9}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and is party to several Claims}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS CE6-7;31. CW6}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, one of which names him as the Count's tenant at Middleton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 5E27-28}}}{\insrsid12807907 . His estate, later known as the barony of Hooton Pagnell after his most valuable manor}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13663351 5W14}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , passed to Ralph Paynel, who married his daughter: Sanders, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13663351 English baronies}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 55-56. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 2459)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  362.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RICHARD [* OF STANTON *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Richards who held subtenancies on the manors of Stanton Lacy and Aldon from Roger of Lacy}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 7,4;6}}}{\insrsid12807907  are probably }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid10710488 Richard }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10710488 de stantuna}{\insrsid12807907 , who witnessed a grant to Roger of Lacy in 1085: Galbraith, 'Episcopal land-grant', }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10710488 p. 3}{\insrsid12807907 
72. The manors are five miles apart; Roger had no other tenants named Richard on his Honour. Richard is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (nos. 31182, 31190).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RICHARD [* OF VERNON *]. Richard}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  whose lands owed salt-dues }{\insrsid12807907 at Nantwich}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS S1,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  is identified }{\insrsid12807907 as }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Richard of Vernon}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 by reference to his lands in the Hundred of }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Warmundestrou}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , these being part of the fief }{\insrsid12807907 he}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 held from Earl Hugh in Cheshire. He was also the earl's tenant in Norfolk, where his }{\insrsid12807907 by}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 name}{\insrsid12807907  is supplied}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 His manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 758)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  362.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RICHARD [* SCROPE *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Richard Scrope was one of the Normans who settled along the Welsh border during the reign of Edward the Confessor, as did his son Osbern (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid808786 q.v.}
{\insrsid12807907 ) who succeeded him on several manors where Richard is identified as Osbern's father rather than by his own name}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WOR 19,1-2;7;10. SHR 5,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Osbern is once named Osbern son of Richard Scrope}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WOR 19,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , though more commonly Osbern son of Richard. Where not associated with Osbern}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WOR 2,14}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, Richard may be identified by his pre-Conquest status, and in one case by his association with Richards Castle, built by and named after him}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 12,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 : Round, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid808786 Feudal England}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 320-26; Barlow, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid808786 Edward the Confessor}{\insrsid12807907 
, p. 94. The three other Richards who held land before the Conquest - two in Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 3,4. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid808786 9,88}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and one in Worcestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WOR 25,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 - are unlikely to be Scrope.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RICHARD [* SON OF ALAN *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Richard, who held three free men in the royal manor of Ormesby in Norfolk '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9320462 by th}{\insrsid12807907 e gift of Bishop Herfast'}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NFK 1,59}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is probably Richard son of Alan, who held more free men in the same vill and others in Scratby from Herfast's successor, Bishop William of Thetford. He is probably also the Richard 
with another small subtenancy in the manor of Hemsby}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 10,30}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, two miles from Ormesby, all these holdings being in the 'Flegg' Hundreds, where no other Richards held land. The bishop of Thetford had one other tenant named Richard, at West Tofts}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 10,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, possibly the same man, though Tofts is a more substantial manor and is on the other side of the county. Richard's manors in 'Flegg' }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 552)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  363; the tenant at Hemsby is unidentified (no. 9714).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RICHARD [* SON OF COUNT GILBERT *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Richard, son of Count 
Gilbert of Brionne, a relation of the Conqueror, was a tenant-in-chief in nine counties, with lands whose value ranks him among the ten wealthiest laymen in 1086. He was nevertheless the tenant or subtenant of the king and at least five other tenants-in-c
hief, on manors in four counties. In most cases, he is identified by one of his aliases - son of Count Gilbert, of Clare, or of Tonbridge - and in some others by reference to his known predecessors, Fin the Dane}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2839518 
SUF 8,59}}}{\insrsid12807907  or Wihtgar son of Aelfric}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 8,35;47. 29,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 . In Kent, he is the Richard who held woodland or resources in a series of manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2839518 
3,5. 4,12-13. 5,2;44;52-53}}}{\insrsid12807907 , identified by references to his 'territory', the Lowy of Tonbridge. Most of these subtenancies in Kent were on the manors of B
ishop Odo of Bayeux, from whom a Richard held a number of manors, including the very substantial manor of Hadlow}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 5,60;62}}}{\insrsid12807907 . He may also have held the valuable manors of Banstead and Fetcham in Surrey from Odo}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUR 5,8;22}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Fetcham was later held from the Honour of Clare; while Banstead was the marriage portion of the wife of Nigel of Mowbray, Mabel, 'who seems to have been the daughter of Roger, earl of Clare': }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4008028 VCH Surrey}{\insrsid12807907 , iii. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4527725 254, 285. The name of Mabel's father is illegible in the relevant document (}{\i\expnd1\expndtw7\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid4527725 Charters}{
\i\expnd1\expndtw7\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376  of }{\i\expnd1\expndtw7\cf1\insrsid12807907 the Honour of}{\i\expnd1\expndtw7\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376  Mowbray}{\expnd1\expndtw7\cf1\insrsid12807907 , pp. 180-81)}{\insrsid12807907 
; but the status of Banstead, which was acquired it from an Alnoth, who may be the Alnoth of London (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4944612 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ) from whom Richard of Tonbridge obtained several of the manors on his fie
f in Surrey, suggests the identification}{\expnd1\expndtw7\cf1\insrsid12807907 . Richard was also a tenant of Eudo the steward at Broxted in Essex}{\cs23\expnd1\expndtw7\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\expnd1\expndtw7\cf1\insrsid12807907 ESS 25,12}}}{
\expnd1\expndtw7\cf1\insrsid12807907 , identified in a pre-Domesday royal }{\expnd1\expndtw7\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid12190208 writ ordering }{\expnd1\expndtw7\cf1\insrsid12807907 the }{\expnd1\expndtw7\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid12190208 
restitution of Broxted to}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid12190208  the abbey of Ely, taken from it after the Conquest:}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid12190208 Bates}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 , Regesta, no. 121, pp. 426-27;}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid12190208  }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid12190208 Liber Eliensis}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid12190208 , pp. 204-205. }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 Richard retained the manor}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid12190208 
, his descendants holding a half-fee in the vill from the abbey in 1166: }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid12190208 Red Book}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid12190208 , }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 ii}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid12190208 . 525. }{
\expnd1\expndtw7\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid12190208 Richard's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12190208  manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12190208 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12190208  (no. 306) and referenced in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12190208 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12190208 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  363-64.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RICHARD [* SON OF }{\insrsid12807907 RAINFRID *]. Richard, tenant of Miles Crispin at Appleton and Eaton in Berkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 33,6-7}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, Ickford and Chearsley in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 23,8;10}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Draycot and Alkerton in Oxfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 35,16;32}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is almost certainly Richard son of Rainfrid on most of these manors and probably on all of them. He is so-named as donor to abbey of Bec of the tithes of Appleton, Ickford and Alkerton and (apparently) of the manor of Swyncombe}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid1338073 OXF 35,33}}}{\insrsid12807907 : Bates, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1338073 Regesta}{\insrsid12807907 
, no. 167, pp. 559-61. Domesday Book does not record Richard's interest in Swyncombe, which is said to be held by Bec directly from Miles himself. Richard's three manors which do not appear in this grant may have come to him from the same source as those 
which did. Appleton had been held by Healfdene of Hanslope (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1338073 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
), who also held Eaton and Chearsley in 1066; no pre-Conquest lord is recorded at Draycot, or at Swyncombe, Ickford and Alkerton, so it is not unlikely that Richard was endowed with all the man
ors which Miles acquired from Healfdene. His identity on all six manors is confirmed by their descent: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3743773 Boarstall cartulary}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3743773 , pp. }{\insrsid12807907 
320-22. Richard also held land in Wroxton not recorded in Domesday, which was granted by his son Hugh to Abington abbey after his death: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8214004 Historia Ecclesie Abbendonensis}{\insrsid12807907 
, ii. 158-63. Miles had no other Richards on his Honour. Richard's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 1574)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  364.}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid1338073 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RICHARD [* SON OF TUROLF *]. Although Richard is a common name, the Count of Mortain appears to have had only two }{\insrsid12807907 Richards among the tenants}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 on his vast Honour: Richard of Sourdeval in Yorkshire and Richard son of Turolf in the south-western counties}{\insrsid12807907 , who between them held eighty-two manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
. The identity of Richard son of Turolf is complicated by the alternative forms of the Domesday scribe, notably }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 filius Turulfi}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 filius Turoldi}
{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and their variants}{\insrsid12807907 , also found in the charters of the Count}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ; but there is little doubt that they represent the same }{\insrsid12807907 man}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , whatever the correct form of }{\insrsid12807907 his}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  father's name. Richard, a tenant-in-chief }{\insrsid12807907 himself }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 in Devon}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 DEV 30}{\insrsid12807907 ,1-4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , is identified in Domesday Book or }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6717044 Exon.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  as the Count of Mortain's tenant }{
\insrsid12807907 at Cosawes in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Cornwall and }{\insrsid12807907 St Marychurch in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Devon, and as a tenant of the }{\insrsid12807907 bishop of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Exeter at }
{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8137280 Burniere }{\insrsid12807907 in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Cornwall }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8137280 and of Baldwin of Exeter at Martin}{\insrsid12807907  in Devon}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8137280 
. In Cornwall, the Phillimore}{\insrsid12807907  editors suggest that the Richards who held twenty-eighty consecutive manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 5,3,1-28}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 may not all be the son of Turolf named in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14945623 Exon}{\insrsid12807907 . on the first of them, largely on the grounds that the scribe used 'Richard holds', rather than 'He also holds' in s
ome of the following entries. But this is the scribe's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 
usage on several subsequent fiefs, and Richard's is delimited by the usual conventions: a blank line separating his from those which preceded and followed, with his name interlined in red in the first entry on the fief. Elsewhere in Cornwall }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 the }{\insrsid12807907 three}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  unidentified Richards are tenants of the king, the }{\insrsid12807907 bishop of Exeter}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and the Canons of Bodmin}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 CON 1,1. 2,8}{\insrsid12807907 . 4,16}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; t}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 he first and third of these effectively }{\insrsid12807907 tenants}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 of the Count of Mortain, }{\insrsid12807907 while}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the Bishop's }{\insrsid12807907 manor at Tinte}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 n is }{\insrsid12807907 seven}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 miles from Burniere, the two }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  spanning two held by Richard son of Turolf. In Devon, the }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  of the four }{\insrsid12807907 Mortain}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Richards}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 15,35;49;73;76}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  were held of the Honour of Cardinham by the successors of Richard son of Turolf: }{\i\insrsid12807907 Book of Fees,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  pp. 768, 795-96; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Feudal Aids}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\insrsid12807907 i.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  316; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ,}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 iv. 44; vi}{\insrsid12807907 i.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  462}{\insrsid12807907 ; }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid15150746 Sanders, }{\i\insrsid12807907 English baronies}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , p. 110. }{\insrsid12807907 Richard}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  was possibly also the Count's tenant at Carlingcott }{
\insrsid12807907 in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 19,60}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\insrsid12807907 apparently resumed by the Count or his successor, who granted the demesne tithes to }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 the }{\insrsid12807907 
priory of Montacute: }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8214004 Two }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907 c}{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8214004 hartularies}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 120-21. Most other Richards in Devon are tenants of Baldwin the sheriff; and since }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6717044 Exon.}{\insrsid12807907  reveals that Turolf's son was his tenant on one manor, he may have held others, which have not been identified. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }
{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 165)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 pp. 364-65}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par RICHARD [* THE ARTIFICER *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Richard, who held a small fief in Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 59,1-4}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is probably Richard the artificer (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12261634 Inganie}{\insrsid12807907 
), who had four houses in the county town}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH B21}}}{\insrsid12807907  and similar service fiefs in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 42,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Oxfordshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
OXF 58,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 . He claimed land belonging to the Forest in Huntingdonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HUN D24}}}{\insrsid12807907 , his lands and those of his brother William being associated with a forest serjeanty o
f pre-Conquest origin: Round, 'Domesday survey of Northamptonshire', p. 294. William also had manors in Huntingdonshire and Northamptonshire. Dr Williams suggests that Richard 'may well be' Richard the forester/huntsman of Warwickshire and Staffordshire; 
but though their comparable forest serjeanties are very suggestive, what is known of the descent of the Engaine fee does not support an identification, and a forestership covering six counties would be unusually extensive: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4204244 English and the Norman Conquest}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 117. Richard's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 1605)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  366-67, with a revisionist note on the descent of his lands and the Engaine forestership.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RICHARD [* THE BUTLER *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Domesday Book records two butlers on the Honour of the 
earl of Shrewsbury, Robert and Richard. Eyton demonstrated that Richard is probably the butler to Reginald the sheriff, since the manor held by Richard the butler from the earl of Shrewsbury at Morville was located at Tasley and Henley, which descended to
 Reginald's successors, the FitzAlans: Eyton, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid289180 Antiquities of Shropshire}{\insrsid12807907 , i. 30, 84. Reginald had a tenant named Richard on six of his manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,3,2-3;12-13;29;59}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, who is possibly the same man: Mason, 'Officers and clerks', pp. 249-40. The manors were in the hands of several families in the thirteenth century, but there are suggestive links between them. Acton Reynald}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13991761  was}{
\insrsid12807907  then }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13991761 held by Thomas Butler from the Stant}{\insrsid12807907 on family of Stanton-upon-Hine-Heath, the parish in which }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13991761 High}{\insrsid12807907  Hatton lay}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SHR 4,3,2-3;59}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13991761 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13991761 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13991761 ,}{\insrsid12807907  ii. 75; Eyton, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid289180 Antiquities of Shropshire}{
\insrsid12807907 , x. 61-63. Of the remaining manors, one is unlocated}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,3,29}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; the other two, at Lutwyche and Brocton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,3,12-13}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, are linked tenurially, Lutwyche held by a family of that name from the tenant of Brocton, also named from the vill in which his manor lay}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16730160 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16730160 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\insrsid12807907 
, ii. 71}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16730160 .}{\insrsid12807907  Richard's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 
(no. 737)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  367.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RICHARD [* THE FORESTER *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Richards who held Calcutt from Thorkil of Warwick}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 17,20}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, and Grandborough, Shuckburgh, Hillmorton and Radway among the kings thanes and servants in Warwickshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 44,3-6}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, are identified as one man, the forester at Harborough and Bramcote and the hunter at Sowe and Chesterton, all on the same fief}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 44,1-2;7-8}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, by a thirteenth-century narrative of the endowment of Richard Chiven, or Cheven, by William the bastard to guard the forest of Cannock, and the subsequent history of its fees: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7434363 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 1274-78. Dr Slade suggests Richard may have been the son of the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1926455 Cynewin}{\insrsid12807907  (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1926455 Chenuin}{\insrsid12807907 
) who held Codsall among the king's thanes in Staffordshire in 1066 and 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 17,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , though Codsall did not descend with Richard's lands: 'Domesday survey of Staffordshire', p. 35. Richard also
 held part of the royal manor of Stoneleigh in Warwickshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 1,9}}}{\insrsid12807907  and a fief in Staffordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 13,1-10}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and may have held Little Onn}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 17,16}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, seven miles from his manor of Rodbaston, held by the one other Richard in the county. Dr Williams suggests he may be the same man as Richard the artificer: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4204244 English and the Norman Conquest}{\insrsid12807907 
, p. 117. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 5869)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{
\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 365 (partially duplicated on p. 368), apart from Calcutt, whose tenant is unidentified (no. 28362). The commentary in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7434363 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  is the more informative of the two.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RICHARD [* THE PRIEST *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Richard, who held Perlethorpe in Nottinghamshire from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12606413 Roger of Bully}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 9,37-38}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, may be Richard the priest, who witnessed Roger's foundation charter for Blyth priory: }{\i\insrsid12807907 C}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid731055 artulary}{\i\insrsid12807907  of }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid731055 Blyth }{\i\insrsid12807907 priory}{
\insrsid12807907 , p. 209. Roger had another Richard among his tenants, at Wyfordby and Burton in Leicestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 18,4-5}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, possibly the same man since only one Richard is named in the Blyth cartulary and he is the only Richard in the county; but the name is common. Richard's Nottinghamshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 manor is recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 9331)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  367; the Leicestershire tenant is unidentified (nos. 26473-74).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2977516 ROALD. Roald is}{\insrsid12807907  a}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2977516  rare}{\insrsid12807907  name}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2977516 . Roald Dubbed held a fief in Devon, }{\insrsid12807907 
a Roald is named in Hampshire, another in Leicestershire, and two in Lincolnshire.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par ROALD }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 [* }{\insrsid12807907 FATHER OF THORI}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  *]. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, the Roald who held Ewerby and its dependencies in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 67,1-4}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 may be the Roald who held a manor in Belton before the Conquest}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 67,13-17;19}}}{\insrsid12807907 , the father of Thori (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1531598 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
) who had a manor in the same vill. Roald is the only pre-Conquest landowner of this name. He may also be the Roald who held Gopsall in Leicestershire from Henry of Ferrers}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 14,11}}}{\insrsid12807907 
; his father held manors to the north and south of the county and is probably the Thori (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid470776 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ) who preceded Henry of Ferrers on one of his Derbyshire manors. Roald is unidentified in }{
\i\insrsid12807907 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (nos. 26360, 34829), where the dependencies of Ewerby are assigned to the tenant-in-chief, Kolgrim.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10844817 {\insrsid12807907 ROALD }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 [* }{\insrsid12807907 SON OF FATHERLING}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  *]. }{
\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, the Roald who held Lomer, south-east of Winchester, from the abbey of St Peter's}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 6,5}}}{\insrsid12807907  is probably son of Fatherling (}
{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2977516 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ) - named in the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8389172 Winton Domesday}{\insrsid12807907  (pp. 39, 103, 170) - who held a cluster of manors north of the city. Roald's manor is recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 9891)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  415.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907 ROBERT}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid423351 . }{\insrsid12807907 Robert}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid423351  }{\insrsid12807907 
is one of the most common names in Domesday Book, occurring almost two thousand times and in all Domesday counties}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid423351 .}{\insrsid12807907 
 Very nearly ninety Roberts have different bynames, almost forty of them tenants-in-chief, Robert also occurring as a tenant of 130 other tenants-in-chief. The only Robert to appear in pre-Conquest contexts is }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9849967 
Robert son of Wiuhomarch}{\insrsid12807907 .}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid423351 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROBERT }{\insrsid12807907 [* }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BLUNT}{\insrsid12807907  *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Blunt}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 58,3}}}{\insrsid12807907  and R Blunt}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NFK }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14572654 1,113;216. 8,5. 10,69. 51,9}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, who occur on several manors in Norfolk, are almost certainly Robert Blunt, sheriff of the county, where he was a tenant on several manors. A Roger Blunt occurs on a single manor in Devon, and Robert had a brother, Ralph, who died before 1086}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUF 66,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; but Robert is securely identified by the nature of the references in Norfolk, all of which refer to official activities as sheriff. He was also a tenant-in-chief in Suffolk, Northamptons
hire, Middlesex and Wiltshire, and may be the Robert who held Blunsdon - }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8273441 Blunt's dun}{\insrsid12807907 
, a coincidence? - in the latter county from Edward of Salisbury, held in 1066 by Aki, perhaps the Dane who was Robert's principal predecessor}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14184017 24,21}}}{
\insrsid12807907 : Darlington, 'Domesday survey of Wiltshire', p. 106. Robert's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{
\insrsid12807907 (no. 151)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 370, apart from Blunsdon, whose tenant is unidentified (no. 16829).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROBERT [* BURDET *]'S WIFE. }{\insrsid12807907 Robert's wife, who held Croft in Leicestershire from Hugh of Grandmesnil}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 13,37}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is probably Robert Burdet's wife, the tenant of Robert of Bucy at Ratcliffe}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 17,29}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Her son, Hugh (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15737465 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
), held two manors in the county from Hugh of Grandmesnil. Robert Burdet himself evidently died before 1086; but the Domesday scribe normally refers to widows as wives. Her manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 3533)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  442.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 [* ROBERT *] COUNT OF EU. }{\insrsid12807907 The Count of Eu, a tenant-in-chief in Essex
, Huntingdonshire and Sussex, also named on several manors in Kent and Sussex, is never accorded his forename in Domesday Book, where his son and heir William, a tenant-in-chief in his own right in nine counties, is never described as Count of Eu. There i
s therefore an element of uncertainty as to whether the 'Count of Eu' is Robert or William, though probably the former, despite the existence of a copy of a probably-authentic writ of the Conqueror naming Count William of Eu: Bates, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid666893 Regesta}{\insrsid12807907 , no. 21, pp. 158
-60. It may be, of course, that the ambiguity is deliberate, reflecting genuine uncertainty as to ownership. It is certainly highly unusual that William is regularly named William of Eu, without a title, if were recognised as Count. No other of the Conque
ror's earls were treated in this manner. Robert is thought to have died about 1092 but to have spent the last decade of his life in Normandy. The Count's manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10314188 Coel}{\insrsid12807907 
 (no. 265) and referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  373; William's (no. 2150) at pp. 477-78.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROBERT [* D'OILLY *]. Robert d'Oilly, castellan of Oxford castle, tenant-in-chief in eight counties, and sheriff at different dates of Berkshire, Oxfordshire and Warwickshire, }{\insrsid12807907 is}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  also }{\insrsid12807907 the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 tenant of perhaps a dozen other tenants-in-chief. Since Robert }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 one of the most common names in Domesday Book, identifying hi}{\insrsid12807907 m in the absence of his byname}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  is }{\insrsid12807907 often }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
problematic. His official status, however, makes it probable that he is the Robert managing royal manors in Berkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 1,12-13}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and Warwickshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 1,6}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{
\insrsid12807907 while}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the chronicle of Abingdon }{\insrsid12807907 abbey}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 identifies him as the Robert who held Sandford-on-Thames and Arncott in Oxfordshire from the abbey, and South Weston from Earl Hugh of Chester}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 9,4. 15,1;5}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 : }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Historia Ecclesie Abbendonensis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , i}{\insrsid12807907 i.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  32-35, 98-101. Robert was buried in the abbey and his affairs loom large in its chronicle}{
\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  so he may be the unidentified Robert who held a hide at Appleford}{\insrsid12807907  in Berkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 7,28}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 two miles from his holding in the manor of Sutton Courtney}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 1,13}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; the abbey had no other Roberts among its tenants.
\par \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Elsewhere, the descent }{\insrsid12807907 of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Marston, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1392427 Adderbury}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
Watlington, Watcombe, Noke, Swerford, }{\insrsid12807907 '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Ingham}{\insrsid12807907 '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and Worton}{\insrsid12807907 
 makes it likely he is the tenant there, and therefore 'also' at Kirtlington and Hensington}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BUK 4,25. OXF }{\insrsid12807907 27,6. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 59,3-4;7}{\insrsid12807907 
-9;20;28-29}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Oseney }{\i\insrsid12807907 c}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 artulary}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , iv. 2-4, 7-8, 24-27, 32-36,51-52; v}{\insrsid12807907 i.}
{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  10, 158-59, 236, 428; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VCH Buckinghamshire, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 iv. 77; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VCH Oxfordshire, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
viii. 216-}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14117475 17, 220-21; ix, 18; xii. 43; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14117475 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14117475 , pp. 821, 837. The Robert who held land in pledge from a}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 Saewold at Little Minster is almost certainly Robert d'Oilly}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  since he held land on the same terms from }{\insrsid12807907 Saewold in Rofford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 58,33}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
. Robert may have held land from the }{\insrsid12807907 bishop of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Lincoln in Oxfordshire}{\insrsid12807907 , where}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  his heir}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 held a fee }{\insrsid12807907 from the bishopric: }{\i\insrsid12807907 Red Book,}{\insrsid12807907  i. 375}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Two of the three Roberts who held from the bishop }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 plausibly identified as }{\insrsid12807907 other Roberts,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  so the remain}{\insrsid12807907 der, at Banbury and Cropredy, whose holdings cannot be traced,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  may be Robert d'Oilly}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
OXF 6,12-13}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Some support is provided by the fact that part of Cropredy was held by }{\insrsid12807907 a }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Roger, possibly Roger of Ivry (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 q.v.}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ), shared }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  being a characteristic of these two }{\insrsid12807907 'sworn brothers' in arms}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  (below).
\par \tab In other cases where the evidence of descent is inconclusive, }{\insrsid12807907 other factors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  point to Robert d
'Oilly. Unidentified Roberts in vills where d'Oilly is tenant-in-chief may be him, particularly where he }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  a tenant elsewhere of the tenant-in-chief concerned, as at Heyford}{\insrsid12807907 
 in Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 4,36}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\insrsid12807907 and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Watlington, Ducklington, and Kirtlington in Oxfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 59,3;6;8}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, confirmed by the evidence of descent in two of these cases}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Robert}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  d'Oilly was famously a 'sworn brother' of Roger d'Ivry according to the cartulary of Oseney }{
\insrsid12807907 abbey}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ; and although the formulation }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  that of a later age, Domesday Book provides unmistakable evidence of their close association}{
\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in the form of joint holdings at Stowe, Newington, Arncott, and Sandford, and }{\insrsid12807907 manors held}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 in the same vill at Great Shefford, Shirburn, and Rousham, or in the adjacent vills of Finmere and Hethe}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OXF 7,16. NTH 4,30-31}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , as well as being joint foun}{
\insrsid12807907 ders of St George in the Castle: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Oseney }{\i\insrsid12807907 c}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 artulary, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 iv. }{\insrsid12807907 1}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Similar pairings of a Robert and Roger suggest the identify of one or other, occasionally both men, as at Horsenden, Toot Baldon, Noke, Worton, and possibly Cropredy}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
BUK 4,8-9. OXF 6,13. 7,19;28. 59,7;29}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . As all other Roberts on the escheated fief of William son of Osbern have been identified above as Robert d'Oilly, it is possible that }{\insrsid12807907 he is }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 the Robert at South Newington}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 59,19}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ; the vill, whose descent has not been traced, is surrounded }{\insrsid12807907 by }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 his }{\insrsid12807907 manors, some}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  two or three miles away.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 \tab T}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 he relationship of Robert d'Oilly and Miles Crispin (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
), his son-in-law, suggests further identifications. They, too, hel}{\insrsid12807907 d in several of the same vills - }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Aston Sandford, Betterton, Heyford, Thurleigh, Watcombe}{\insrsid12807907  -}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  which tends to confirm the identity of Robert as Robert d'Oilly at North Marston and Aston Sandford and}{\insrsid12807907  in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 the adjacent vill of Ilmer, and perhaps also at Hartwell, close to Crispin's }{\insrsid12807907 manor of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Upton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BUK 4,4;22-23;25. 32,1}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Hartwell and Aston were acquired from the same predecessor; so, too, were Ilmer and Horsenden}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 so the Robert in the latter vill is possibly also d'Oilly, a possibility strengthened by the fact noted above that Roger (of Ivry) held in the same vill from the same tenant-in-chief. All four vills lay within a few miles of each other.
\par \tab In Warwickshire, the Robert at Barston}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 44,15}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  is probably d'Oilly}{\insrsid12807907 , who}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  acquired another }{\insrsid12807907 manor}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in the same vill from the same predecessor. }{\insrsid12807907 Dr Williams}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  has pointed out that all but one of Robert d'Oilly's }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in the county were acquired from kinsmen of Thorkil of Arden, five held as a tenant of Thorkil himself, which suggests that the Robert who held Napton from Thorkil, previously held by his kinsman Edwin, }{
\insrsid12807907 may}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  also }{\insrsid12807907 be }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 d'Oilly}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 17,28}}}{\insrsid12807907 : }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8662260 English}{\i\insrsid12807907  and the Norman Conquest}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 100-104}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 The one other}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Robert}{\insrsid12807907 
 on Thorkil's fief}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , at Weston-under-Wetherley}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 three}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  miles from d'Oilly's ten}{\insrsid12807907 
ancy at Lillington}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 17,53}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , may be the same man, as perhaps }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the Robert who held in Napton and Weston from the Count of Meulan}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 16,31;52}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in those vills }{\insrsid12807907 being}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  held as two fees from the descen}{\insrsid12807907 dants of Thorkil and the Count: }
{\i\insrsid12807907 Book of Fees,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 p. 509}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . The Robert who held Aldridge and Barr}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 12,24-25}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 from William son of Ansculf in Staffordshire }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  probably also d'Oilly}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  both }{\insrsid12807907 being held by his descendants: }{
\i\insrsid12807907 Liber Niger Scaccarii Staffordscira}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 202-203}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Robert d'Oilly also held Shenstone}{\insrsid12807907  in Staffordshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 from Earl Roger of Shrewsbury.}{\insrsid12807907  His manors in Berkshire and Oxfordshire }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{
\insrsid12807907 (no. 379)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 378, apart from those 
of the bishop of Lincoln and Newington, Swerford and 'Ingham', whose tenants are unidentified (nos. 27699, 28123-4, 28133). The tenants of the Warwickshire manors are unidentified (nos. 28303, 28327, 28371, 28399), and those in Staffordshire attributed to
 another Robert (no. 9383). Hartwell in Buckinghamshire is assigned to d'Oilly; Ilmer and Aston to Robert of Romney; and remaining tenants are unidentified (nos. 1129, 1135, 1455).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROBERT [* FATHER OF AUCHER *]. Robert}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held }{\insrsid12807907 ten}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  hides from the }{\insrsid12807907 bishop of}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Lincoln in Thame }{\insrsid12807907 in Oxfordshire,}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 6,10}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  has been identified as the ancestor of the Chevauchesul family, pe
rhaps the father of Aucher and grandfather of Robert Chevauchesul}{\insrsid12807907 , who flourished at Tetsworth in the first half of the twelfth century, Tetsworth probably being included in the ten hides of Thame}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 : }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VCH Oxfordshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , vii. 148-49. It is also suggested that he held Banbury, Cropredy and Wykham from the bishop}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 6,12-13;15}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  though these were more probably held by Robert d'Oilly and Robert son of Walkelin. }{\insrsid12807907 His manor, together with }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11343046 Chetwode}{\insrsid12807907  in Buckinghamshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
BUK 4,36}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 assigned to Robert }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11343046 de Tham}{\insrsid12807907  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  
}{\insrsid12807907 (no. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11343046 744}{\insrsid12807907 )}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  380, with the comment that the Buckinghamshire Robert }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11343046 de Tham}{\insrsid12807907  may be the unnamed son of William }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11343046 Taum}{
\insrsid12807907  (or }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11343046 Tahum}{\insrsid12807907 ) recorded in Kent or 'alternatively' the bishop of Lincoln's tenant at Thame, who is 'probably' Robert d'Oilly.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11343046 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 [* ROBERT *] MALET. }{\insrsid12807907 
R Malet and Ro Malet, who occur on dozens of manors in Essex and East Anglia, cannot be anyone other the tenant-in-chief Robert Malet. These abbreviated forms are particularly common in Suffolk, where Robert held more than three hundred
 manors and was sheriff of the county. He is almost certainly also the 'Malet' who occurs in dozens of entries in Suffolk, too numerous to list here. The only possible source of confusion is with his father, William, who is probably the 'Malet' referred t
o in the Yorkshire Claims}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
}{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13586807 YKS CW31}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Ambiguities in East Anglia are rare, father and son normally distinguished by the fact that William died early in the Conqueror's reign and Robert held nothing in his own right before then. The few ambiguous cases}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13586807 SU
F 1,102}{\insrsid12807907 . 4,42. 16,30}}}{\insrsid12807907  are likely to be Robert Malet, who is clearly the Malet in the majority of entries, there being no certain or even probable case where it is his father. Robert's manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 347)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  389-91.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROBERT [* }{\insrsid12807907 MARMION}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Roberts who held Appleby with Risby and Winteringham in Lincolnshire from Gilbert of Ghent}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 24,10-12}}}{
\insrsid12807907  may be Robert Marmion, who held Winteringham and perhaps Risby from Walter of Ghent in the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10317099 Lindsey Survey}{\insrsid12807907 
 (1/2). A later Robert Marmion held three fees in Winteringham from another Gilbert of Ghent in 1212, and Robert's son, William, held the same three fees 'of the old enfeoffment' three decades later: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12272233 Book of Fees}{
\insrsid12807907 , 190, 1070. The Robert who held another valuable manor from Gilbert, at Stow, is possibly the same man}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 24,92}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Robert's manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 attributed to another of Gilbert's tenants, Robert of Armenti\'e8res, in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 113)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  374, apart from Stow, whose tenant is unidentified (no. 33955).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROBERT [* }{\insrsid12807907 OF ARMENTIE}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RES *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Robert, who held Ewelme in Oxfordshire from Gilbert of Ghent, is almost certainly }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12272233 
Robert of Armenti\'e8res}{\insrsid12807907 , who had a house in Wallingford attached to Ewelme. He 'also' held Hanborough, the two manors constituting Gilbert's fief in Oxfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 38,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907 . In 1166 David }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12272233 de Armere}{\insrsid12807907  - probably his grandson (Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10682920 Domesday }{\i\insrsid12807907 d}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10682920 escendants}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 291-92) - held the largest fee on the Honour of the earl of Huntingdon in 1166: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid600960 Red Book}{\insrsid12807907 
, i. 381-84. If Robert did so in 1086, then he may be the Robert who held the manors of Whichford in Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 46,7}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Whatton in Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 17,16-18}}}{\insrsid12807907 , the t
wo most valuable of the manors subinfeudated by Gilbert; a John of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12272233 Armenti\'e8res}{\insrsid12807907 
 was a Ghent tenant in Northamptonshire in the Northamptonshire Survey, albeit on a different manor. Robert is named in the Abingdon chronicle as witness to a charter recording }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid600960 a grant made by Gilbert to }{
\insrsid12807907 the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid600960  abbey}{\insrsid12807907  so}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid600960  }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 he is possibly Gilbert's tenant in the county}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 BRK 37,1}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
, the one other Robert on his Honour other than Robert Marmion}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid600960 : }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid600960 Historia Ecclesie Abbendonensis}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid600960 , pp. 18-21}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
. If these identifications are correct, Robert was indeed Gilbert's most substantial tenant in 1086 by a considerable margin, his manors being worth more than twice that of any other tenant. Gilbert of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12272233 Armenti\'e8res}{
\insrsid12807907  is next in wealth, between them having more than half the value subinfeudated to lay tenants, suggesting that Robert and Gilbert are relatives and perhaps also relatives of Gilbert of Ghent himself. }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 Robert's}{
\insrsid12807907  manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 113)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{
\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  374, apart from Whatton, whose tenant is unidentified (no. 35538). }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13068216 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  also attributes to }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12272233 Robert of Armenti\'e8res}{\insrsid12807907  the manors here assigned Robert Marmion.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROBERT <OF }{\insrsid12807907 ASHTON}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 Although the name is common, it is likely that the Roberts who held six manors from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10050208 
Humphrey de l'Isle}{\insrsid12807907  in Wiltshire are one man}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10050208 27,7-10;14;24}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Humphrey's Honour is confined to the county; and of the dozen names among his tenants, only two others occur more than once, and of these Hugh's two manors are modest while the two more substantial manors of Payne (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3108342 
q.v.)}{\insrsid12807907  were probably held by one man. All Robert's manors are fairly substantial and included five of the seven most valuable held by Humphrey's tenants. 
His total holding was almost half as valuable as that retained by Humphrey himself, worth almost four times that of any other tenant. He is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1727758 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (nos. 16926-29, 16934, 16944).}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid10050208 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROBERT <OF BARLBOROUGH>. }{\insrsid12807907 The Roberts who held three manors in Derbyshire from Ralph son of Hubert are probably one man}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 10,4;7-8}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Two of the manors are in Stretton, which at a later date was held from Barlborough: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1116527 Feudal Aids}{\insrsid12807907 , i. 247. Ralph had two other Roberts among his tenants, one identified in Domesday as Robert of Bucy}
{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
STS 15,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , the other an unidentified Robert in Leicestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 22,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Robert's Derbyshire manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 9379) }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  395; the Leicestershire tenant is unidentified (no. 26507).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROBERT [* OF BASKERVILLE *]. Robert}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held Eardisley from Roger of Lacy}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 10,46}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 is probably }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Robert of Baskerville}{\insrsid12807907 , whose descendants made the castle the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid607146 caput}{\insrsid12807907 
 of their holdings: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Herefordshire Domesday}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid607146 , pp. }{\insrsid12807907 47, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid607146 100-101}{\insrsid12807907 . He is probably also the Robert at}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Stretton, Yazor and Yarsop}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 10,24;58-59}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Baskerville manors at a later date}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Herefordshire Domesday}{\insrsid12807907 , }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 p. 43}{\insrsid12807907 ; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10571597 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 803}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 He may also be}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the Robert }{
\insrsid12807907 who held Yarlet }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 in Staffordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 8,12}}}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 from Earl Roger of Shrewsbury, the manor later }{\insrsid12807907 being }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 granted by the Baskervilles, with the consent of their Lacy }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15866113 overlord, to }{\insrsid12807907 abbey}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15866113 -Cwmhir: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15866113 
Plea Rolls of the }{\i\insrsid12807907 r}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15866113 eign of Henry III}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15866113 , p. 26; }{\insrsid12807907 Chetwynd,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 '}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 History of Pirehill Hundred', pp. 106-107. }{\insrsid12807907 Robert's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 4706)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  374, apart from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Eardisley }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 30350), whose tenant is unidentified.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROBERT }{\insrsid12807907 [* OF BEAUMONT *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Robert, who held Landcross in Devon from Baldwin the sheriff}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3674802 DEV 16,40}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , is probably Robert of Beaumont, named as owing tax on land held from the sheriff in the Geld Roll for Merton Hundred, where Landcross lay: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3674802 Devonshire Domesday}{\insrsid12807907 
, i. p. xviii. He is probably also the Robert who held land in Ashford, where he held the rest of the vill from Baldwin according to }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3108342 Exon}{\insrsid12807907 .}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 16 66;85}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Robert is not named in Domesday Book; but according to }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3674802 Exon}{\insrsid12807907 . he held five other manors in the county from Baldwin}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 16,65-66}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3674802 ;67-68;137}}}{
\insrsid12807907 . His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 9075)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{
\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907 
 374-75, apart from Landcross, Ashford and Whitestone}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 16,40;85;137}}}{\insrsid12807907 , assigned to Robert son of Ivo.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROBERT <OF BITTESWELL>. }{\insrsid12807907 The tenants of Geoffrey of la Guerche at Bitteswell and Dalby in Leicestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 29,7;19}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Cestersover in Warwickshire
}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
WAR 31,10}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Blyborough in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 
{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 63,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  may be the same Robert, though the name is common and manors in the hands of different families in the thirteenth century: }{
\i\expnd1\expndtw7\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376 Charters of Mowbray}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 263. All three families hel
d several other manors from the Honour, so there had been changes in their distribution since Domesday, unsurprisingly in view of the forfeiture of Geoffrey's successor Robert de Stuteville in 1106. According to the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Lindsey Survey}{\insrsid12807907  (2/7), Blyborough was resumed as demesne of the tenant-in-chief by the 1120s. The witnesses to the la Guerche foundation charter of 1077 for Monks Kirby include two Roberts, one identified as Robert Burdet}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Monasticon}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , vi/ii. 996, no. 1. }{\insrsid12807907 Burdet}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ,}{\insrsid12807907 
 however, appears to have died before 1086, since no manors are attributed to him, though his wife and son are tenants in Leicestershire. Geoffrey possibly therefore had just the one tenant named Robert in Domesday. Robert may be the Robert who held anoth
er manor in Bitteswell, on the escheated fief of Aubrey de Coucy. If so, he 'also' held Swinford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 10,9-10}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. In Warwickshire, Geoffrey of la Guerche was in charge of Aubrey's escheated fief and no doubt had some influence on its composition in Leicestershire. Robert's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 9355) }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  394 where the references for the two Coucy manors and for Cestersover are omitted.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROBERT [* OF BUCY *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Roberts who held}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 Scalford, Oadby and Wigston Magna i}{\insrsid12807907 n Leicestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 40,23;25}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and Bisbrooke, Wothorpe and }{\insrsid12807907 'also' }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
Boughton in North}{\insrsid12807907 amptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 56,25;59-60}}}{\insrsid12807907  from Countess Judith are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  probably Robert of Bucy}{\insrsid12807907 , identified by the descent of his manors}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 : Farrer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Honors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , ii. 365-69; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 VCH Rutland}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , ii. 175. }{\insrsid12807907 Bucy held}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  seven other manors in Leicestershire}{\insrsid12807907  from the Countess and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 was himself a tenant-in-chief in Leicestershire and Northamptonshire, in which capacity he held }{
\insrsid12807907 other manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in Scalford and Boughton. }{\insrsid12807907 
The Countess had another Robert on her Honour at Sutton in Bedfordshire, conceivably the same man though the name is common and the holdings modest}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3108342 BDF 53,23}{
\insrsid12807907 -24}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Robert's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 2544)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 375; the tenants at Sutton are unidentified (nos. 493, 495).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROBERT [* OF CHERRY HINTON *]. Robert}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 who Teversham in Cambridgeshire from Count Alan of Brittany}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  is }{\insrsid12807907 almost certainly }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
Robert of Cherry Hinton, the juror of Fleamdyke Hundred, that vill being assessed together with Teversham}{\insrsid12807907 , both vills lying in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Fleamdyke Hundred}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 14,2-4}}}{\insrsid12807907 : }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis}{\insrsid12807907  (ed. Hamilton,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  p. 25). The same Robert }{\insrsid12807907 probably also held }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Eversden }{
\insrsid12807907 from the Count}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 14,46}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  land in both vills }{\insrsid12807907 being}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  held by the same family in the thirteenth century: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VCH Cambridgeshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , v. 62; x.}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 176. }{\insrsid12807907 Robert's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 
recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 4957)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  377, where Hinxton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 3,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Haslingfield}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
CAM 14,38}}}{\insrsid12807907  are also attributed to him, the latter here assigned to Robert the priest. The remaining Roberts on Count Alan's Honour can be identified with some confidence.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 R}{\insrsid12807907 [}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OBERT] OF CLAVILLE. }{\insrsid12807907 R of Claville, who held }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8010278 Stratton}{\insrsid12807907  in Suffolk from Robert Malet}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUF 6,110}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is almost certainly Robert of Claville, his tenant at }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8010278 Swefling}{\insrsid12807907 . Only two other Clavilles occur in Domesday, the brothers Walter and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8010278 
Gotshelm}{\insrsid12807907 , whose manors lay in the south-western counties. Oddly, the Domesday scribe has signalled that Walter of Claville might be an error for Walter of Glanville}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9640267 DOR 41,1}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , and Robert Malet h
ad a Robert of Glanville among his tenants in Suffolk whose manor at Great Glemham is only a mile from Swefling. The orthography of the two names, however, is distinct and the toponyms are plausible though - again oddly - related: Loyd, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1391730 Some Anglo-Norman families}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 29. Robert's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  
}{\insrsid12807907 (no. 617)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  375.

\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 R}{\insrsid12807907 [}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OBERT] OF COURSON. }{\insrsid12807907 R of Courson, who had two manors at Uggeshall in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 4,14. 7,8}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is almost certainly Robert of Courson, tenant of Roger Bigot on several other manors in East Anglia. One manor in Uggeshall was held from Earl Hugh of Chester, th
e abbreviation there presumably stemming from a geographically arranged source. The only other landowner with this toponym is Hubert, a tenant of Henry of Ferrers in Berkshire and Staffordshire. Earl Hugh had no other tenants named Robert in Suffolk. Robe
rt's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 626)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 
referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  375.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROBERT }{\insrsid12807907 <}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OF DOYNTON}{\insrsid12807907 >}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 The Rob
erts who held the valuable manor of Doynton and 'Lee' and Gaunts Earthcott in Gloucestershire from the bishop of Coutances}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 6,5;7-8}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are probably one man, a Thomas of Doynton holding Lea and Earthcott in the thirteenth century}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8278986 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8278986 Cartulary of St Mark's }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4392905 hospital}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid8278986 , pp. 180-81, 183-85. Bishop}{\insrsid12807907 
 Geoffrey had tenants of this name in five other counties, several with manors of comparable value to Doynton butnone of whom appear to have links with the Gloucestershire tenant; all but one of them}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 5,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  are unidentified in 
}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4027007 Coel}{\insrsid12807907 . Robert's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 
(no. 4388)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  394.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROBERT [* OF DUN *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Robert, who held Dalbury in Derbyshire from Henry of Ferrers}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 6,97}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is almost certainly Robert of Dun, who granted tithes in the vill to Tutbury priory, confirmed by his descendant Roger: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7501958 Cartulary of Tutbury priory}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 65, 108-109. 
Henry had several tenants named Robert, two of them in Derbyshire identified in the same record, one holding land in the adjacent vill of Ashe. Three others are unidentified, one or more of whom may be Robert of Dun since Robert of Dun - possibly the Dome
sday tenant - held two fees of the Ferrers Honour by 1135, a substantial burden for one modest manor, though he may of course have acquired more land in the interval: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7501958 Red Book}{\insrsid12807907 
, i. 337. There are no clues as to which of unidentified tenants might be Dun. He probably came from }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid9705115 Le Bourg-Dun}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  in Upper Normandy (}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid9705115 Seine-Marit}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907 ime: }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid9705115 arrondissement Dieppe}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 ). }{\insrsid12807907 His manor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 is recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 2982)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  376.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4733827 ROBERT [* OF GLANVILLE *]. R of Glanville}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4733827  who occurs }{\insrsid12807907 several times }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4733827 on the fief of Robert Malet in Suffolk}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUF 6,124;158-160;179;181}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4733827  can only be Robert of Glanville, his tenant }{\insrsid12807907 at Honing}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4733827  in Norfolk and }{\insrsid12807907 on }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid4733827 eight }{\insrsid12807907 other manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4733827  in Suffolk. H}{\insrsid12807907 e}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4733827  }{\insrsid12807907 is probably}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4733827  also }{
\insrsid12807907 the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4733827 R of Glanville who held Burgh and two other }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4733827  from William of Warenne}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 26,16;19-20}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4733827 
, and the Robert who held the}{\insrsid12807907  intervening free men in Boulge and perhaps Debach, dependent on Burgh}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 26,17}}}{\insrsid12807907 
; he held the church of Boulge from Robert Malet}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 6,181}}}{\insrsid12807907 . There are no other Glanvilles in Domesday Book apart from a scribal dithering at 
Afflington in Dorset, where the scribe was uncertain of the byname of Walter of Claville and hedged his bets, adding above }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4733827 Walter of Glanville}{\insrsid12807907 
 'or Claville'. Curiously, Robert Malet had a Robert of Claville among his tenants in Suffolk whose manor at Swefl
ing is only a mile from the Glanville manor of Great Glemham. The orthography of the two names, however, is distinct and the toponyms are plausible though - even more curiously - related: Loyd, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1391730 
Some Anglo-Norman families}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 29. Robert's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 647)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 376, apart from the Warenne tenant at Boulge, who is unidentified (no. 13506).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par BISHOP R[OBERT OF HEREFORD}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ]. }{\insrsid12807907 Bishop R, who claimed the manor of Montford in Shropshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8742751 SHR 4,4,23}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , is probably the bishop of Hereford, Robert Losinga (1079-1095), though possibly the new bishop of Chester, Robert of Lim\'e9sy (1086-1117): }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8742751 VCH Shropshire}{\insrsid12807907 
, i. 291. Whoever he was, the claim was unsuccessful for the manor was subsequently granted to Shrewsbury abbey by Roger of Lacy, whose family later held land in the vill: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8742751 Cartulary of Shrewsbury abbey}{
\insrsid12807907 , i. 33, 38; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8742751 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\insrsid12807907 , ii. 76. He is certainly R bishop of Hereford who held a hide in the royal manor of Writtle in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 1,24}}}{\insrsid12807907 . His manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 2515)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  384.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROBERT [* OF H}{\insrsid12807907 E}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RILS *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Roberts who held Tibshelf and Wingfield in Derbyshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 1,36. 7,13}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and Stapleford in Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 10,16}}}{\insrsid12807907  from William Peverel are probably Robert of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9705115 H\'e9rils}{\insrsid12807907 , identified by the descent of his lands: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12020478 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9705115 984, 992}{\insrsid12807907 ; Farrer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12020478 Honors}{\insrsid12807907 
, i. 154-58, 181-82. Farrer tentatively suggested he is also the Robert who held Bolsover from William}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 7,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , his one other tenant of that name in Derbyshire, which is not unlikely since the }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12020478 H\'e9rils}{\insrsid12807907  family held land at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 Oxcroft in Bolsover parish at a later date: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3087868 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 
, p. 1321. Robert's descendants were tenants of other manors on the Peverel Honour, including Gonalston}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12020478 NTT 10,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, held in demesne in 1086, so some re-arrangement of fees occurred. Robert may have come from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12020478 H\'e9rils}{\insrsid12807907 
, just south of Port-en-Bessin in Lower Normandy (Calvados: arrondissement Bayeux). Another Robert held from William at Sibthorpe in Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 10,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 : Farrer, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12020478 Honors}{\insrsid12807907 , i. 147-48, 246-48. Robert's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{
\insrsid12807907 (no. 2976)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  376-77, apart from Wingfield, assigned to Robert of Pavilly (no. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2111063 2986}{\insrsid12807907 ).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROBERT [* OF MOUTIERS *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Roberts who held Syerston in Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 2,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, Cowling, Kirklington, Yarnwick, Burneston and Howe in Yorkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7107993 6N128;147-148;151;158}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Lea and its dependencies in Lincolnshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
LIN 12,4-6}}}{\insrsid12807907  from Count Alan of Brittany are very probably Robert of Moutiers, his tenant at Treswell in Nottinghamshire, identified by the descent of his lands: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7107993 Early Yorkshire charters}{
\insrsid12807907 , v. 242-55. The Lincolnshire manor was subinfeudated to the Trehamton family before the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10317099 Lindsey Survey}{\insrsid12807907 
 (4/2) and subsequently held directly from the Honour of Richmond. This may have occurred when Robert's heirs were disinherited, his grandson being reinstated in
 the 1140s when the service of Geoffrey Trehamton was reserved; a trace of the original Moutiers interest nevertheless remaining: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7107993 Early Yorkshire charters}{\insrsid12807907 
, iv. 27-28; v. 242 note 9. Dr Keats-Rohan suggests that Robert may have been the brother of Lisois of Moutiers (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7107993 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ); it is probable they were related in some way: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7107993 ibid}{\insrsid12807907 . v. 246. Robert's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 
(no. 3020)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 377, apart from Cowling, whose tenant in unidentified (no. 37197). Following its normal practice, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14691958 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  assigns the dependencies of Lea to the tenant-in-chief, Count Alan; but the }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid10317099 Lindsey Survey}{\insrsid12807907  (4/2) confirms that they were held with the manor by the tenant.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROBERT [* OF NOYERS *]. }{\insrsid12807907 
As there are only five names among the tenants of the bishop of Lisieux, it is very probable that the Robert who held Bow Brickhill in Buckinghamshire from him is Robert of Noyer
s, his tenant on the previous manor of Crafton (in Wing), the two manors constituting the bishop's fief in the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 6,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, both acquired from the same pre-Conquest lord. The bishop had no other tenants of this name but Robert of Noyers also held Gayhurst from him, as a subtenant of Odo of Bayeux}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 4,42}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. It is not unlikely that Walter Giffard's tenant on a second manor in Bow Brickhill}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 14,49}}}{\insrsid12807907  is the same Robert, and perhaps also his tenants at Littlecote and Akeley}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 14,17;26}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , the only other Roberts on his Honour. Although the name is common, this identification receives some slight support from the fact that another Robert with a manor in Littlecote}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 23,23}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 is the only Robert on the Honour of Miles Crispin, likely therefore to be the same man. Less certainly, he may be the tenant of Jocelyn the Breton at Grove}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 44,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, two miles from Crafton and three from Wing. Jocelyn had no other tenants of this name. These manors were in the hands of different families in the thirteenth century. Robert's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 
recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 692)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  377, apart from Littlecote, Akeley and Grove, whose tenants are unidentified (nos. 1274, 1283, 1407, 1505).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ROBERT <OF PENN>. The Roberts who held Penn, Oxley, Ettingshall and Bushbury in Staffordshire from William son of Ansculf}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 12,6;9;18-19}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  may be }
{\insrsid12807907 one}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  man. Penn and Bushbury were later held as a single fee, while Oxley is less than a mile from Bushbury and Ettingshall }{\insrsid12807907 three}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 from Penn, all four in the same Hundred: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Book of Fees,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  p. 543. }{\insrsid12807907 William had other tenants named Robert in Buckinghamshire, Northamptonshire 
and Worcestershire; but the name is common and there are no discernible links between them. Dr }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Keats-Rohan suggests }{\insrsid12807907 Robert}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 of Penn }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 held Linford in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 17,21}}}{\insrsid12807907 , though the grounds for doing so are not apparent, Linford being the smallest an
d not the nearest - some fifty miles from the Staffordshire manors - of these tenancies; it was later held by the Hauville family: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9985052 VCH Buckinghamshire}{\insrsid12807907 , iv. 392. Robert's}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 9383) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 395, 
}{\insrsid12807907 together with}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Aldridge and Barr in Staffordshire, here assigned to Robert d'Oilly}{\insrsid12807907 ; the Northamptonshire and Worcestershire tenants are unidentified (nos. 32030, 32033)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12334231 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROBERT [* OF }{\insrsid12807907 PONT-CHARDON}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  *]. }{\insrsid12807907 
Robert, who held Charles in Devon from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12334231 Baldwin the sheriff}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12334231 DEV 16,71}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is almost certainly Robert of Pont-Chardon who 'also' held the following manor of Mockham, his byname supplied there by }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12334231 Exon}{\insrsid12807907 . He is probably also the Robert who held Hagginton from Baldwin}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12334231 DEV 16,70}}}{\insrsid12807907 , a manor sandwiched between Charles and Heanton, another manor attributed to Pont-Chardon by }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12334231 Exon}{\insrsid12807907 
., which also assigns Blakewell, another of Baldwin's manors, to him}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12334231 DEV 16,74}}}{\insrsid12807907 . He also held Welwyn in Hertfordshire from }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12334231 Robert Gernon}{\insrsid12807907 , where his byname is supplied. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 713)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  378.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12334231 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROBERT [* OF RHUDDLAN *]. Robert}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 who held Byfield, Boddington, Trafford, Marston, Radstone, Middleton, Blakesley and Yelvertoft in Northamptonshire from Earl Hugh of Chester}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 22,1-8}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 - said to be one man in the text - is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  almost certainly Robert of Rhuddlan}{\insrsid12807907 , a tenant-in-chief in Cheshire and one of the principal tenants of the earl, his kinsman. According to Orderic Vitalis}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 (}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ii}{\insrsid12807907 i.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  238-39}{\insrsid12807907 ), }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
Robert of Rhuddlan granted the churches of Byfield and Marston to the }{\insrsid12807907 abbey of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  St Evroul}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Hi}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
s son William was either disinherited or a bastard (Crouch, 'Administration}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  of the Norman earldom}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ', pp. 75-76), which makes it difficult to identify Robert elsewhere; but it is likely }{
\insrsid12807907 he }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 held Mentmore in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 13,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and Bisley in Gloucestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 28,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  from the earl}{
\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  both valuable manors and neither }{\insrsid12807907 apparently }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 held by the descendants of Robert son of Hugh, }{\insrsid12807907 
the other major tenant named Robert on the earl's Honour and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 the }{\insrsid12807907 only }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 likely alternative}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 : Lewis, }{
\insrsid12807907 '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Honour of Chester', p. 59 note 3}{\insrsid12807907 ;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 Farrer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 Honors}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , i}{\insrsid12807907 i.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  13-15, 51-52, 211-15, 219-34}{\insrsid12807907 . Robert's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 1669)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  379.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROBERT [* OF ST QUENTIN *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Robert, who held }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9132006 Thurvaston}{\insrsid12807907  in Derbyshire from Henry of Ferrers}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 6,64}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is very probably Robert of St Quentin, who gave tithes in the vill to the Ferrers' foundation of Tutbury priory: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9132006 Cartulary of Tutbury priory}{\insrsid12807907 
, p. 65. Several other Roberts were tenants of Henry in the county, but none have links with }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9132006 Thurvaston}{\insrsid12807907 . Robert's manor is recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 2980)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  379.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROBERT [* OF STAFFORD *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Robert, who held }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9132006 A}{\insrsid12807907 cton }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9132006 Trussell}{\insrsid12807907 
 in Staffordshire from the bishop of Chester}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 2,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is identified as Robert of Stafford, a tenant-in-chief in Staffordshire and six other counties, by the descent of Acton, held by his successors from the bishopric: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15477958 Red Book}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2712325 i. }{\insrsid12807907 263; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2712325 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 967. He is also the Robert who shared the borough reven
ues with the king, identified in an entry on his fief}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7805115 STS }{\insrsid12807907 B12. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7805115 11,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 . His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 
recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 739)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  381, apart from Acton, whose tenant is unidentified (no. 31291).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROBERT [* OF STRATFORD *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Robert, who held Stratford in Suffolk from Swein of Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 27,9}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is probably Robe
rt of Stratford, a tenant-in-chief with a small fief in the county. Swein had no other tenants of this name there. Robert's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 8870)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  380.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROBERT <OF THURLASTON>. The Robert}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held Thurlaston and Wibtoft }{\insrsid12807907 (or}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Willey}{\insrsid12807907 )}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 in Warwickshire }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 from the Count of Meulan}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 16,33;40}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  may be }{
\insrsid12807907 one}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 man}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Although }{\insrsid12807907 the name is common and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 the }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 held by}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  different families in the thirteenth century, the disruption in the descent of many Meulan fees makes }{\insrsid12807907 descent}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  a poor guide to Domesday identities: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VCH Warwickshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , vi. 82, 258. The Count probably had another tenant
 named Robert in the county - Robert d'Oilly - and three such in one small county seems unlikely when there }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  few Roberts on other fiefs combined. }{\insrsid12807907 
The vills are a dozen miles apart. Robert's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 8993)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 394}{\insrsid12807907 , where he is also assigned Dorsington in Gloucestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 40,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , here attributed to Robert the butler.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROBERT [* OF VATTEVILLE *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Robert, who held Shalford in Surrey from Richard of Tonbridge}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUR 19,37}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is probabl
y Robert of Vatteville, Richard's tenant on eight other manors in the county, most of them valuable, Shalford itself being the most valuable of all, the most valuable on Richard's fief. Robert 'is said to have sold the manor to Robert de Dunstanville' tho
ugh the record source for this statement 'cannot be verified': }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6177065 VCH Surrey}{\insrsid12807907 , iii. 107-111. Richard had no other Roberts among his }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 tenants }{\insrsid12807907 
in Surrey, but he had two in Essex, both with valuable manors, one held by Robert of Vatteville, the other possibly his too}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 23,6;41}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Richard also had three Roberts on his Honour in Suffolk; two with modest manors; but the third, Desning}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 25,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is the most valuable of those he subinfeudated by a considerable margin. It seems likely that this Robert is Robert of V
atteville. He is by a long way Richard's most favoured honorial baron. Even without the unidentified manors, his manorial income is three times that of any other tenant on the Honour; with them, six times. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 5816)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907 
 382-83, apart from Shalford and Desning, whose tenants are unidentified (nos. 15534, 13325).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 R}{\insrsid12807907 [}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OBERT] OF VAUX. }{\insrsid12807907 R of Vaux, who occurs once on the royal manor of Worlingham in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7234288 1,22}}}{
\insrsid12807907  and thirteen times on the fiefs of Roger Bigot in Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7234288 9,3-4;233-234}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 7,16-17;24;40;44-45}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid7234288 ;49-50;54}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is almost certa
inly Robert of Vaux, Roger's tenant on many other manors in those counties and also in Essex, his wealthiest tenant. His byname is borne by only one other landowner, Aitard of Vaux (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4601092 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
), probably a relative since his lands are also concentrated on Bigot fiefs in East Anglia. Robert's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 750)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  382.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROBERT [* OF VERLY *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Robert, who held Little Birch in Essex from Robert Gernon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 32,26}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is probably Robert of Verly, his tenant on four other manors in the county and himself a tenant-in-chief in Norfolk. He was identified by J.H. Round from a now-lo
st thirteenth century inquisition which listed Birch among the manors held by Verly's descendants from those of Gernon: 'Domesday survey of Essex',}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13043600  p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 389. His byname is borne by his brother Hugh in Essex, and by a William in Lincolnshire and Yorkshire. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Robert Gernon }{\insrsid12807907 
had four other Roberts among his tenants in Essex, at Bollington, Rainham, Widdington and Shortgrove, the last two held by one man}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 32,20;28;41-42}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, all possibly Verly; but the name is common and there are no specific links, though Widdington and Shortgrove were acquired from a Wulfwin, possibly Verly's predecessor at Birch. Robert's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  manors are recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 755) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 382}{\insrsid12807907 
; the subtenant at Bollington is omitted from }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid72086 Coel}{\insrsid12807907 , and the tenant at Widdington and Shortgrove is unidentified (nos. 5173-74). }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid72086 Coel}{\insrsid12807907 
 identifies the Robert at Rainham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 32,28}}}{\insrsid12807907  as a different man (no. 2111) from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid72086 Robert the lascivious}{\insrsid12807907  named elsewhere in the entry.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROBERT [* SAVAGE *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Roberts who held Broadwater and ten other manors in Sussex from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3162523 William of Braose}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3162523 1
3,30;33-36;40;42-43;47;56-57}}}{\insrsid12807907  are probably Robert Savage, or }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3162523 silvaticus}{\insrsid12807907 , witness to }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3162523 Braose}{\insrsid12807907 
 charters for the abbey of Saumur about a decade after Domesday: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3162523 Calendar of }{\i\insrsid12807907 d}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3162523 ocuments}{\i\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3162523 France}{
\insrsid12807907 , pp. 396, 398, 401. Another Robert Savage held Broadwater in the thirteenth century: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3162523 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 
, p. 689. All the Braose manors held by Robert descended to his heirs, ultimately the Camoys family: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3162523 VCH}{\insrsid12807907  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3162523 Sussex}{\insrsid12807907 
, p. 447 note 6; vi/ii. 65. Robert's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 921)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  392, apart from Ashington}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUS 13,47}}}{\insrsid12807907 , whose tenant is unidentified.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 R}{\insrsid12807907 [}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OBERT] SON OF CORBUCION. }{\insrsid12807907 R son of Corbucion, who claimed free men or land at Kirby Cane and Wheatacre in Norfolk of the fief of Ralph Baynard}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14372613 NFK 31,}{\insrsid12807907 12;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14372613 17}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is almost certainly Robert son of Corbucion, named in full elsewhere on Ralph's fief}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 31,11;44}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, and himself a tenant-in-chief in Essex and East Anglia. The one other landowner with his patronymic is William son of Corbucion, a tenant-in-chief in Berkshire, Warwickshire and Worcestershire. Robert's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{
\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 575)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  384.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROBERT [* SON OF *] FAFITON. }{\insrsid12807907 The Domesday scribes appear unsure whether Robert is Robert Fafiton or Rober
t son of Fafiton. In Huntingdonshire, he is Robert Fafiton in the list of landowners and in the rubric of his fief, but Robert son of Fafiton - interlined - in the first entry}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HUN 25,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. He is Robert Fafiton in Middlesex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab MDX 15,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Bedfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 30,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Cambridgeshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 38,1-5}}}{\insrsid12807907 . To the scribe of the }{
\i\insrsid12807907 Inquisitio}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14359460  Comitatus Cantabrigiensis}{\insrsid12807907 
, he is Robert son of Fafiton twice in six times, and both Fafiton and son of Fafiton in the entry for Trumpington on his fief (ed. Hamilton, pp. 35, 51, 70
-72). Despite the preponderance of Robert Fafiton, his byname is believed to be a patronymic, though the forename Fafiton is not recorded: Tengvik, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14359460 Old English bynames}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 182, 217. The Fafiton who occurs in the Claims for Huntingdonshire, is Robert, identified by the reference to his manor of Hail Weston and his predecessor there, Saxi}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HUN D13}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. He may be the Robert who held land from Picot the sheriff in Grantchester}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 32,15}}}{\insrsid12807907 , where he held in chief, the }{\i\insrsid12807907 Inquisitio}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14359460  }{
\insrsid12807907 also naming him as the tenant of the Count of Mortain on another manor in that vill, as also at Barton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 12,2-3}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Robert's manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 218)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  384.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROBERT [* SON OF GILBERT *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Robert, who held Leigh in Somerset from William of Mohun}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 25,5}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is almost certa
inly Robert son of Gilbert, named in the Geld Roll for South Petherton Hundred where Leigh lay: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12977814 VCH Somerset}{\insrsid12807907 , i. 534. Another Robert held from William at Chubworthy}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 25,40}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, and others in Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 36,7}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Devon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 
{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 18,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; but the name is common and there are no other links to confirm an identification. Robert's manor is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 
recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 2102)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  385; the other tenants are unidentified (nos. 2823, 3785, 15067).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROBERT [* SON OF HUGH *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Roberts who held Buscot in Berkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 18,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Tackley in Oxfordshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
OXF 15,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Kegworth in Leicestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 43,6}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Sutton Bonington and its dependency in Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 3,1-3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 from Earl Hugh of Chester may be his tenant in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8915257 Cheshire, Robert son of Hugh: }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8915257 Lewis, }{\cf17\insrsid12807907\charrsid8915257 'Honour of Chester',}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8915257  p. 59; }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid488012 Sawyer and Thacker. '}{\insrsid12807907 Domesday survey of Cheshire', pp. }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8915257 308-309.}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
 At Buscot, Robert's subtenant was Drogo of les Andelys (}{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8915257 q.v}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 .), his tenant on five manors in Cheshire. Drogo also held two manors from Robert d'Oilly, which has led to the suggestion tha
t d'Oilly may be the tenant at Buscot; but the later interest of the Patric family, who succeeded to part of his estate by marrying one of his daughters and heiresses, point to }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8915257 Robert son of Hugh}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
. The Patrics also had interests in Sutton Bonington and Kegworth, the latter held together with Tackley in the later }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid948598 twelfth century: Farrer, }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid948598 Honors}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid948598 , ii. 22-25, 45-46, 79-80, 242-}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid3539866 44; }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid3539866 VCH Oxfordshire}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid3539866 , xi. 197. The form of the entries }{
\cf1\insrsid12807907 on }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid3539866 the final two manors o}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 f}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid3539866  his Cheshire fief}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  - separated by gaps in the manuscript 
and missing the regular 'also' - }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid3539866 suggests the scribe may have been uncertain }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 of}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid3539866  the identity of Robert at B}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 utley and Cranage}{
\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 
\tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 CHS 2,30-31}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid3539866 : Lewis, 'Introduction}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3539866  to the Cheshire Domesday}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid3539866 ', pp. 7-8. Robert's}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid3539866  manors -}{\insrsid12807907  including Buscot, }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid3539866 B}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 utley and Cranage}{\insrsid12807907  - are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 2580)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  385; Tackley and Kegworth are assigned to a second Robert (no. 10301), and the Nottinghamshire manors to Robert son of William.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROBERT [* SON OF IVO *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Roberts who held Morden and Stafford (or 'Wey') in Dorset from the Count of Mortain}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 26,7;16;24}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are very probably Robert son of Ivo, named in the Geld Roll for Loosebarrow and Cullifordtree Hundreds where these vills lay: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9258991 VCH Dorset}{\insrsid12807907 
, iii. 136, 147. Robert's byname is not recorded in Domesday Book, but }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9258991 Exon}{\insrsid12807907 . supplies it on five manors in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9258991 19,13-14;35;66;85}}}{
\insrsid12807907  and one in Devon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 15,10}}}{\insrsid12807907 , all held from the Count of Mortain. The descent of his manors suggest he is the same man as Robert the constable, his alias in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3550587 
Exon}{\insrsid12807907 . as the Count's tenant at Crowcombe and Hatch Beauchamp in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 19,7;29}}}{\insrsid12807907 , the latter becoming the centre of the barony held by Robert's successors, the Beauchamp family: Sanders, 
}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9136690 English baronies}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 51; Golding, 'Robert of Mortain', pp. 137-38. He is probably also the Robert who held five manors from the Count in 'Winterborne'}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 26,13;18-19;30-31}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, several of which were later held by the Beauchamp family, as was Charmouth}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 26,67}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Marston Magna in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 19,73}}}{\insrsid12807907 : }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10886742 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 751, 1468-69. The last of the Winterbornes is followed by an entry which begins }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3231026 Ipse Ro}{\insrsid12807907 .}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 26,32}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, a formulae indicating the tenant is the Robert of the previous entry. He may also be the Robert who held Moreton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 26,56}}}{\insrsid12807907 , later held with 'Winterborne' by William of Lanvalay, whose daughter and heiress was the wife of John }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3231026 de Burgo}{\insrsid12807907 , a Beauchamp tenant: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13184028 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 426, 667, 866. The two remaining manors in Dorset held by Robert from the Count}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
DOR 26,25;57}}}{\insrsid12807907  each follow immediately one attributed to Robert son of Ivo, the scribe perhaps omitting an 'also' as he frequently did in the Dorset text. Robert's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 
recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 791)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  385-86, apart from Warmwell in Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 26,57}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and Marston Magna in Somerset, whose tenants are unidentified (nos. 2741, 14815). }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13074277 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  also assigns Landcross, Ashford and Whitestone in Devon to Robert, here attributed to Robert of Beaumont.

\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROBERT [* SON OF ROSCELIN *]. The Robert}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held Corneybury, Berkesden and Wakeley in Hertfordshire from Count Eustace of Boulogne}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HRT 17,4;}{\insrsid12807907 8-9}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  probably Robert son of Roscelin}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  h}{
\insrsid12807907 is tenant at Reed in the county}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and at Sharnbrook in Bedfordshire, all except Wakeley }{\insrsid12807907 being}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  held by }{\insrsid12807907 one}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  man in 1166; Wakeley, whose descent has not been traced, may have been absorbed into its neighbour, Berkesden: }{\i\insrsid12807907 Red Book,}{\insrsid12807907  ii. 581; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
VCH Hertfordshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , iv. }{\insrsid12807907 20-}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 21. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 He }{\insrsid12807907 is presumably the same Robert son of Roscelin named in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16280797 Exon}{\insrsid12807907 . as the tenant of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Ralph Paynel at Newhall in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 31,5}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{
\insrsid12807907 Ralph had no Robert among his tenants but Count Eustace had four in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 20,35;41-42;67}}}{\insrsid12807907  holding manors of equivalent status to those in Hertfordshire; but the name is a common one a
nd the Essex and Hertfordshire manors descended by different routes: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14815526 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 1428, 1430. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 He was a minor tenant-in-chief in Middlesex and Essex. }{
\insrsid12807907 His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 508)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{
\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  386; the tenants in Essex are unidentified (nos. 4729, 4736-37, 4769).

\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ROBERT [* SON OF SARLE *]. Robert}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  who held Ashe in Derbyshire from Henry of Ferrers}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 6,37}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is }{\insrsid12807907 very }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 probably Robert son of Sarle, who granted tithes in th}{\insrsid12807907 at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  vill to the Ferrers}{\insrsid12807907 '}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  foundation of Tutbury priory: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Cartulary of Tutbury priory}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 65. He is possibly the Robert in the adjacent vill of Hilton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 6,46}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ; but the name is common}{\insrsid12807907  and Henry had several Roberts identified as different men among his tenants in the county}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 Robert's}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  manor of Ashe is recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 2978) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, p. 386.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. }{\insrsid12807907 It is possible that the Roberts who held thirty-seven manors in Sussex from Earl Roger of Shrewsbu
ry are all Robert son of Theobald, his tenant at Arundel and Treyford and on a small fief in Shropshire. He was identified by J.H. Round as Robert of Arundel, and his lands as the core of the later Honour of Petworth, held by Jocelyn of Louvain, brother o
f Henry I's queen Adeliza, and later by a branch of the Percy family: Round, 'Some early grants', pp. 63-66. This link enables Robert to be identified with some certainty on two-thirds of his manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2102711 
11,10-14;17-25;27;31;47}{\insrsid12807907 ;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2102711 57;60-61;78-79}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and with reasonable probability on most of the remainder}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 11,50}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2102711 -53;55;69-73}}}{
\insrsid12807907 : Farrer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2102711 Honors}{\insrsid12807907 , iii. 16-27, 30-36;40;52-54;97-98. The descent of a virgate in Sullington has not been traced}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 11,58}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, and Farrer was inclined to identify the Robert at Storrington}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 11,48-49}}}{\insrsid12807907  as another man, though Robert's descendants did have an interest in the vill: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2102711 Honors}{\insrsid12807907 , iii. 32, 81-82. Robert's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{
\insrsid12807907 (no. 498)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 386, apart from Bignor and Hardham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 11,78-79}}}{\insrsid12807907 , whose tenants are unidentified (nos. 16264, 16266).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROBERT [* SON OF WALKELIN *]. Robert}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held }{\insrsid12807907 two}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  hides from the }{\insrsid12807907 bishop of}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Lincoln in Wykham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 6,15}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  is probably Robert son of Walkelin}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who later granted tithes }{
\insrsid12807907 in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Wykham to Eynsham }{\insrsid12807907 abbey}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Eynsham }{\i\insrsid12807907 c}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 artulary}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\insrsid12807907 i.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  36-37. He also held a mill at Banbury and part of the manor there from the bishop; and since he }{\insrsid12807907 is }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
one of two Roberts on that manor, he may also be the second Robert on the follow}{\insrsid12807907 ing manor of Cropredy}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 6,13}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
; the descent of neither has been traced: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VCH Oxfordshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , x. 162-64}{\insrsid12807907 . His manor of Wykeham and mill are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 4341)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  387; the other tenants are unidentified (nos. 27699, 27687).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROBERT [* SON OF WALTER *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Roberts who held Worminghall and Shalstone in Buckinghamshire from the bishop of Coutances and Robert d'Oilly respectively}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 5,1. 19,6}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, and Waterperry in Oxfordshire from Robert}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 28,22}}}{\insrsid12807907 , are probably Robert son of Walter, d'Oilly's tenant at Oakley in Buckinghamshire which descended with Worminghall and Waterperry to Lovel de Brai: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7552833 VCH Oxfordshire}{\insrsid12807907 , v. 296. The bishop of Coutances held the other part of Shalstone in demesne. According to }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7552833 Exon}{\insrsid12807907 
., Robert son of Walter held Harptree in Somerset from the Count of Mortain}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 19,37}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Robert's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 487)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  387, apart from Shalstone, whose tenant is unidentified (no. 1366); Robert at Harptree is identified as different son of Walter (no. 1683).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROBERT [* SON OF WIDELIN *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Robert, who held Seal and 'also' three other manors in Leicestershire from Henry of Ferrers}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 14,19-22}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is probably Robert son of Widelin, who granted tithes in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13133085 Steyle}{\insrsid12807907  to the Ferrers' foundation of Tutbury priory: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13133085 Cartulary of Tutbury priory}{\insrsid12807907 
, p. 65. Henry had another Robert among his tenants in the county, named Robert the hunter in the same source. Robert's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 8765)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  387.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROBERT [* SON OF WILLIAM *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Robert the usher, who held a small fief in Leicestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 20,1-3}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is named Rob
ert son of William the usher in a duplicate of his fief}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 43,9-11}}}{\insrsid12807907 . He may therefore be the Robert son of William who had similar small fiefs in Derbyshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 15,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Nottinghamshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NTT 28,1-3}}}{\insrsid12807907  and the Robert the usher named in}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  t}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid5991722 he }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid5991722 Inquisitio Eliensis}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid5991722  (}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907 ed. }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid5991722 Hamilton, p.}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  115)}{\insrsid12807907  at Chesterton in Cambridgeshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 39,3}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
. The Leicestershire tenant-in-chief is treated as two men in }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid13316119 Coel}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 : Robert the usher, also identified as the Cambridgeshire tenant (no. 1701), and Robert son of William, holding the 
other fiefs (no. 3253), also identified as the tenant of Earl Hugh of Chester on two manors in Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 NTT 3,1;3}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  here attributed to Robert son of }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid12019794 Hugh: }{
\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid12019794 Domesday people}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid12019794 , pp. 387, 389. }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid12019794 Coel}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid12019794 
 identifies another Robert son of William (no. 2004), named in the Geld Roll for }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 Somerset}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid12019794 , as a tenant of Robert of Courseulles}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 SOM 21,3-4}}}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid12019794 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROBERT [* SON OF WIUHOMARCH *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Robert son of Wiuhomarch, possibly of Breton origin on his mother's side, a kinsman and favourite of Edward the Confessor, had settled in England by the early 1050s: }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 Harmer, }{\i\insrsid12807907 Writs}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 51-52, 57
1. He is named as holding land in the nine counties of Cambridgeshire, Essex, Herefordshire, Hertfordshire, Huntingdonshire, Shropshire, Somerset, Suffolk and Wiltshire, the bulk of his manors lying in Essex, where he was sheriff after the Conquest, succe
eded in that office and his lands by his son, Swein of Essex (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16480871 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ). He was dead before 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 24,59}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, though treated as alive at that date in one Domesday entry}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 3d,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Where his byname is not supplied, he is identified as the Robert who preceded his son Swein in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16480871 
24,1;36-39;54;57;63;65-66}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16480871 27,3;8-12}}}{\insrsid12807907 . As }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Swein acquired }{\insrsid12807907 most of his Honour}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  from his father, }{\insrsid12807907 Robert}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 may be}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the }{\insrsid12807907 unnamed father succeeded by a Swein}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 on three}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  manors among the royal thanes of Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 DOR 56,28-29;53}}}{
\insrsid12807907  and another}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 67,94}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Dr Williams suggests that this Swein may be Swein son of Azur, who s
ucceeded his father on a number of manors in Northamptonshire, since Swein's predecessor at Ailwood in Dorset was an Azur, though not named as his father. The associations are suggestive but - Stoke apart - the identifiable manors of Swein and Azur are in
 the Midlands, all acquired by Gunfrid of Chocques; and although the Robert's manors are concentrated in eastern England, he certainly held one manor in the south-west, at Widhill in Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid868689 68,16}}}{
\insrsid12807907 .
\par \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 A list of }{\insrsid12807907 Robert's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  manor}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11564255 English nobility}{
\i\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 pp. }{\insrsid12807907 334-36}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 , }{\insrsid12807907 which}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  }{\insrsid12807907 
does not include the three Dorset manors; Stapleford in Wiltshire; Witham in Somerset; three Cambridgeshire holdings recorded in the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis}{\i\insrsid12807907  (ed. }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid16480871 Hamilton}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , pp}{\insrsid12807907 . 78-80;82); or Shoebury, Pudsey, As
hingdon and Sutton in Essex . It does not, of course, include manors acquired by Robert after the Conquest; but does add five Essex manors held by Swein where no pre-Conquest lord is named}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 24,17;21-22;24;33}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. All were valuable; and as Robert's post-Conquest acquisitions are often recorded, it is not unlikely that he held these before 1066. Dr Clarke ranks Robert twentieth in wealth among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 
the nobility, ninth among untitled laymen; the additional manors would raise him a couple of places in each case, but without the five Essex manors, he would fall to twenty-seventh and twentieth respectively.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 R}{\insrsid12807907 [}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OBERT] THE BALD. }{\insrsid12807907 R the bald, who held Whitwell in Cambridgeshire from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid878523 Hardwin of Scales}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
CAM 26,36}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is probably Robert the bald, Hardwin's tenant at }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid878523 Kingston}{\insrsid12807907 . He might also be the man-at-arms at Abington Pigotts}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 26,24}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, named Robert in the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid878523 Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis}{\insrsid12807907 
 (ed. Hamilton, p. 60), the one other Robert on Hardwin's Honour; but the name is common. No other Robert the bald occurs in Domesday, though a Richard the bald is named in Suffolk. Robert's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{
\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 167)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  370; the man-at-arms is recorded among miscellaneous knights (no. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14815526 1878}{\insrsid12807907 0).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROBERT [* THE BASTARD *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Roberts who held Goosewell and Sampford in Devon from William of Poilley}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 21,18;21}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 may be one man, William's Honour being small and his tenants few. Robert is not named in William's grant of the tithes of all his manors to St Martin's of S\'e9
es in 1093, perhaps displaced by the Ascelin - who is not named in Domesday - who held two unnamed manors in the grant which are otherwise unaccounted for: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2047744 Calendar of }{\i\insrsid12807907 d}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2047744 ocuments}{\i\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2047744 France}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 235. Robert may be Robert the bastard, who hel
d a small fief in Devon, Goosewell being later held by the family which held the manors on this fief: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11016477 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 759, 765-66, 789-90. Robert's manors as tenant-in-chief }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 135)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  370, 393; 
the tenant at Goosewell and Sampford (no. 2039) is identified as another man, possibly William's son or the Robert }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11016477 de Osereto}{\insrsid12807907  who witnessed a second grant to S\'e9es by William: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2047744 Calendar}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 235-36.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROBERT [* THE BURSAR *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Robert, who held Ditchampton in Wiltshire from Odo of Bayeux}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 4,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is probably Robert the bursar, named in the Geld Roll for '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2706147 Cadworth'}{\insrsid12807907  (}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Branch}{\insrsid12807907 )}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Hundred}{\insrsid12807907  where }
{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Ditchampton }{\insrsid12807907 lay: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7561222 VCH Wiltshire}{\insrsid12807907 
, ii. 209-10. He was the brother of the notorious Urso of Abetot, sheriff of Worcestershire, his heir. He may be the same man as Robert the king's officer in Gloucester}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS G4}}}{\insrsid12807907 , a county }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid329243 in which he was tenant-in-chief: Taylor, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid329243 Domesday survey of Gloucestershire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid329243 
, p. 127. He was also a tenant-in-chief in Leicestershire, Lincolnshire and Warwickshire, and a tenant in three}{\insrsid12807907  other counties. Bursars were normally modestly endowed bu
t Robert was evidently not the domestic bursar of another tenant-in-chief. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 
(no. 1834)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  383.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROBERT [* THE BURSAR *]}{\insrsid12807907 . Robert the bursar, who witnessed the foundation charter for Blyth priory, is probably the domestic bursar of Roger of Bully: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13383490 
Cartulary of Blyth priory}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 209. Roger had tenants named Robert at Shelton, Grove and Weston in Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 9,2;22-24;70-71}}}{\insrsid12807907 , }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid3434236 any or all of whom may be the bursar}{\insrsid12807907 , who}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3434236  is not linked to a place in the charter. }{\insrsid12807907 
Grove and Weston, both later held by a Gilbert of Arches, were probably held by one man in 1086: Thoroton, }{\i\insrsid12807907 A}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4467050 ntiquities of Nottinghamshire}{\insrsid12807907 , iii. 182, 261. }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid3434236 As Roger had }{\insrsid12807907 no other }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3434236 Robert}{\insrsid12807907 s among the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  tenants }{\insrsid12807907 
on his Honour, it is possible that all three Nottinghamshire Roberts are one man. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{
\insrsid12807907 (no. 9333), apart from Weston, whose tenant is unidentified (no. 35255).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROBERT [* THE BUTLER *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Robert, who held Dorsington in Gloucestershire from Roger of Beaumont}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 40,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, may be Robert the butler, Ralph le Boteler of Oversley granting the tithes of Dorsington to his foundation of Alcester priory in 1140: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13056805 VCH Warwickshire}{\insrsid12807907 
, ii. 59; v. 199. The vill of Oversley was held by the Count of Meulan in 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13056805 WAR 16,63}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, and Dr Keats-Rohan suggests that the Count's tenants at Thurlaston and Wibtoft (or Willey) - the only Roberts on his Warwickshire fief - may also be the butler}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 16,33;40}}}{\insrsid12807907 
; but as there does not appear to be any subsequent Boteler interest in those vills, that Robert is here }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14319192 treated as another individual: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14319192 VCH Warwickshire}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14319192 , vi. 82, 258. Robert's manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14319192 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 8993)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 
referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  394.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROBERT [* THE BUTLER *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Roberts who held Great Ness in Shropshire from Earl Roger of Shrewsbury and Wootton from his sheriff are probably the earl's butler, to whom he gave a small fief}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SHR 4,1,17. 4,3,39}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Robert may have lost his lands after the forfeiture of the earl in 1102, and they were granted to the Honour of Montgomery, from which Ness and Wootton were
 subsequently held, Wootton in combination with Aston, a manor on Robert's fief}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,6,6}}}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid948598 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid948598 
, ii. 76, 89. Robert's manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid948598 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid948598  (no. 6760) and referenced in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  392; see also Mason, 'Officers and clerks', p. 249.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROBERT [* THE HUNTER *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Robert, who held Burton Lazars in Leicestershire from Henry of Ferrers}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 14,29}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is very probably Robert the hunter, who granted tithes in the vill to the Ferrers' foundation of Tutbury priory: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6827285 Cartulary of Tutbury priory}{\insrsid12807907 
, p. 65. Robert the hunter also held single manors from Robert d'Oilly and Robert of Stafford in Warwickshire, 
an unusual case of an (apparently) small landowner with several lords. His name is too common to establish whether he is to be identified with other Roberts. His three manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 3865)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  392.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROBERT [* }{\insrsid12807907 THE INTERPRETER}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  *]. Although Robert is a common name, the Robert who held Teston and Bensted 'at a revenue' from Bishop Odo of Bayeux}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
KEN 5,99-100}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 can be identified}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 with some confidence }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 as the Robert }{\insrsid12807907 the interpreter }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 who held eight other manors from the bishop on similar terms, often preceded }{\insrsid12807907 - }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 as }{\insrsid12807907 at }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Teston and Bensted }{
\insrsid12807907 - }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 by Aethelwold the chamberlain (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ). }{\insrsid12807907 Like other men of the bishop, he also held land from St Augustine's, in 
}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid282850 Bromfeld}{\cs23\i\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 7,2}}}{\insrsid12807907  and - according to the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid282850 Domesday Monachorum}{\insrsid12807907  (p. 87) - from the archbishop at Otford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 2,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 . }
{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Despite his name, he was an Englishman, possibly named Leofgeat, who changed his name after the Conquest: see Lennard, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Rural England}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
, pp. 114, 150-51, 153, 155; Williams, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4204244 English and the Norman Conquest}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 83-85}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{
\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 327)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  389, apart from}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Teston and Bensted}{\insrsid12807907 
, whose tenants are unidentified (nos. 7735-6), and Otford, assigned to the archbishop's demesne.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROBERT [* THE PRIEST *]. Robert}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held a few acres from Count Alan }{\insrsid12807907 at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Haslingfield}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 in Cambridgeshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 14,38}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  is }{\insrsid12807907 probably}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 Robert the priest}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held }{\insrsid12807907 another manor }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 from }{\insrsid12807907 him}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in the same vill }{\insrsid12807907 
according to the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8010278 Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis}{\insrsid12807907  (ed. Hamilton, p. 72)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 He is identified as Robert of Cherry Hinton in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8010278 Coel}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx6300\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907 ROGER}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid423351 . }{\insrsid12807907 Roger}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid423351  }{\insrsid12807907 
is one of the most common names in Domesday Book, occurring almost two thousand times and in every Domesday county except Rutland}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid423351 .}{\insrsid12807907  Very nearly fifty Rogers}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid423351  }{
\insrsid12807907 have different bynames, twenty of them tenants-in-chief, Rogers}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid423351  }{\insrsid12807907 also occurring as tenants of well over one hundred other tenants-in-chief. No Roger}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid423351  }{
\insrsid12807907 appears in pre-Conquest contexts.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid423351 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROGER [* ARUNDEL *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Roger, who held a hide at Stur}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10042423 minster}{\insrsid12807907  Newton in Dorset from Glastonbury abbey}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 8,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, may be Roger Arundel; land at Bagber (in Sturminster) was later held by the Fitzpaine family which acquired part of Roger's Honour of Poorstock by marriage: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3434236 Feudal Aids}{\insrsid12807907 , ii. 37; Sanders, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10304392 English baronies}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 72-73. Roger was a tenant-in-chief in Dorset and Somerset. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 115)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  395, apart from Stur}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10042423 minster}{\insrsid12807907 , whose tenant is unidentified (no. 2559).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROGER [* BIGOT *]. }{\insrsid12807907 R Bigot and Ro Bigot, who occur in dozens of entries - too numerous to list here - in East Anglia, can only 
be Roger Bigot, a major tenant-in-chief in Essex and East Anglia and sheriff of Norfolk and Suffolk. He is probably also the Roger at Sharpstone and Ulverstone}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 16,24;38}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, both entries following those in which he is named, in the first case as lord of Ralph of Savenay, his tenant on several other manors. He is probably also the Roger supervising free men in an apparently official capacity in Norfolk}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NFK 64,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 74,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 . His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{
\insrsid12807907 (no. 144)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  396-98.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8022293 ROGER [* BLUNT *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Roger, who held Huxham in Devon from Ralph of Pomeroy}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 34,29}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is named Roger Blunt (}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8022293 Flavus}{\insrsid12807907 ) in the Geld Roll for Wonford Hundred where Huxham lay: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8022293 Devonshire Domesday}{\insrsid12807907 , i. p. xlvii. He probably also held Heavitree from Ralph}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
DEV 34,56}}}{\insrsid12807907 , both }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7237629 being later held by the same family: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7237629 Feudal Aids}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7237629  }{\insrsid12807907 i}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7237629 
. 316. Ralph had more tenants named Roger than}{\insrsid12807907 
 the remaining tenants-in-chief in the county combined, so it is unlikely there are more Rogers on his Honour than the three with recorded bynames. Unfortunately this consideration does little to distinguish them, as the one cluster 
among the manors, around Exeter and the estuary of the river Exe, contains two of the three bynames, Blunt himself and Roger son of Payne. It is possible, of course, that both are borne the same man, but impossible to verify. Reichel assigned Clyst St Geo
rge, Gappah, Dunstone, 'Blackslade', Weycroft and Keynedon to Roger Blunt}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 34,30;44;46;52;55;57}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, though later held by five different families, but did not give his reasons for doing so: 'Feudal baronage', pp. 561-62. Roger's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8022293  manor }{\insrsid12807907 of Huxham }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8022293 is recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8022293 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8022293  (no. 1809) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8022293 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8022293 , p. 408}{\insrsid12807907 
; the tenant at Heavitree is unidentified (no. 4095), as are those identified by Reichel (nos. 4065, 4080, 4082, 4093, 4096)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8022293 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROGER [* }{\insrsid12807907 D'OILLY}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Roger, who held Bampton and Ascot d'Oilly and 'also' Kencot in Oxfordshire from Robert d'Oilly}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 28,21;25-26}}}{
\insrsid12807907  is very probably Roger d'Oilly, who 
is given his byname as Robert's tenant at Naunton in Gloucestershire. He may be Robert's nephew, or possibly his brother. His three Oxfordshire manors were held by another Roger d'Oilly in the 1240s, and thereafter by a succession of Rogers: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15089363 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 837. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{
\insrsid12807907 (no. 2750)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  406.

\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROGER [* OF BASKERVILLE *]. It is likely that the Roger}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held Charingworth, Combe Baskerville, Harnhill and South Cerney in Gloucestershire from Ralph of Tosny}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
GLS 45,1-2;4-5}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Roger of Baskerville, though only Combe Baskerville apparently descended }{\insrsid12807907 to}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  his }{
\insrsid12807907 heirs}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . The four }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  constitute two-thirds of the fief and are all substantial}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  so it }{
\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  unlikely that }{\insrsid12807907 several Rogers are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  involved. The Domesday text treats Harnhill and Cerney as a unit}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  with a combined value. Roger }{\insrsid12807907 was probably also the tenant of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Ralph of Mortimer}{\insrsid12807907  at }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
Stretton Baskerville in Warwickshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 25,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , a Baskerville }{\insrsid12807907 manor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  until the early thirteenth century: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
VCH Warwickshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , vi. 240. }{\insrsid12807907 His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{
\insrsid12807907 (no. 2252)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 400, which}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  assigns these manors to Roger but }{\insrsid12807907 expresses}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  doubts about one or more of the}{\insrsid12807907 m}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\insrsid12807907 
suggesting some may have been}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  held by Roger of Gloucester.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROGER [* OF BERKELEY *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Roger, who held Dodington}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in Gloucestershire}{\insrsid12807907 
 from the bishop of Coutances, may be Roger of Berkeley, who held the remainder of the vill in chief}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 6,9. 42,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 , the manors combining to produce a five hide unit. He 
is probably also the Roger who farmed the royal manor of Berkeley for the enormous sum of \'a3170, and held some of its components}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10579897 1,16-19;21}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , as suggested by his byname and his tenure of other royal resources}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS G2. W14. 1,13}}}{\insrsid12807907 . He had a small fief in the county and another in Wiltshire, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
where he }{\insrsid12807907 held a messuage}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11416469 of the King's revenue}{\insrsid12807907 ' in Malmesbury}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL M16}}}{\insrsid12807907 . His manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 428)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  401.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROGER [* OF BOSC-LE-HARD *]. The Roger}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held land at Clifton Reynes in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 18,3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , South Crox
ton and Stathern in Leicestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 15,11;16}}}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 and Tallington in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 18,12}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 from Robert of Tosny }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  probably Roger of Bosc-le-Hard, }{\insrsid12807907 identified by association with his brother}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  William}{\insrsid12807907 . T}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 he}{\insrsid12807907 y}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 shared}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Clifton Reynes}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 
there named as brothers, and so may be the Roger and William who held joint}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  tenancies from }{\insrsid12807907 Robert in the other three vills, and also the pair who shared a second manor in}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Stathern from Geoffrey de la Guerche}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 29,18}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Roger may be t}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
he one other unidentified Tosny }{\insrsid12807907 tenant in the three counties, at Hose in Leicestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 15,14}}}{\insrsid12807907 , later }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 held }{\insrsid12807907 from}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 the heirs of Robert of Tosny}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 by a Peter of Lincoln}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who }{\insrsid12807907 acquired }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 other }{\insrsid12807907 
land}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 held by}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the two brothers: }{\i\insrsid12807907 Book of Fees,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  pp. 953-54. }{\insrsid12807907 He is possibly}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  also the }{\insrsid12807907 Roger}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held the remainder of South Croxton from the }{\insrsid12807907 bishop of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Lincoln}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 3,13}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Clifton and Tallington are assigned to Roger in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2776487 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 440)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  401, Geoffrey's tenant being identified as another man (no. 10238); the other tenants are unidentif
ied (nos. 26198, 26402, 26408). }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14965999 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  also identifies the tenant of Robert of Tosny on two manors in Essex as }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Roger of Bosc-le-Hard}{\insrsid12807907 ; but }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 the Tosnys do not appear to have shared tenants}{\insrsid12807907 , and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  neither of the }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 descended to either branch of the Tosny family: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VCH Essex}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , viii. 198}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROGER [* OF CHILDERLEY *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Roger, a man of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8814062 Bishop Remigius}{\insrsid12807907  with three burgesses in Cambridge and a manor in Childerley}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid8814062 CAM }{\insrsid12807907 B1. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8814062 3,6}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is almost certainly Roger of Childerley, a juror in Chesterton Hundred where Childerley lay: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8814062 
Inquisitio Eliensis}{\insrsid12807907  (ed. Hamilton, p. 99). The Childerley family held the manor well into the thirteenth century: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5189096 VCH Cambridgeshire}{\insrsid12807907 
, ix. 42-43. The bishop had no other tenants of this name in the county but others in Oxfordshire, Leicestershire and Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 7,21;23}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, all but the latter being identif
iable with some confidence. It seems unlikely that the Cambridgeshire and Lincolnshire tenants are the same man, the Lincolnshire manors being resumed as episcopal demesne by the date of the Lindsey Survey (11/9). Roger's manor is}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 6684)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  403; the burgesses are assigned to the Lincolnshire tenant.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROGER [* OF COURSEULLES *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Roger who held a small fief in Cornwall and (according to }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11427127 Exon}{\insrsid12807907 .) land at }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11427127 
Treninnick}{\insrsid12807907  from the Count of Mortain}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 4,22. 5,26,1-4}}}{\insrsid12807907  is the only Roger in Cornwall. He may be Roger of Courseulles, who is known to have held land in the county: Soulsby, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14446955 
'Introduction}{\insrsid12807907  to the Cornwall Domesday}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14446955 ', }{\insrsid12807907 p. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14446955 14. }{\insrsid12807907 Roger}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14446955  is }{\insrsid12807907 very }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14446955 probably also}{\insrsid12807907  the tenant of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14446955 Ralph of Pomeroy}{\insrsid12807907  at Weycroft in Devon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14446955 DEV 34,52}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , where Roger of Courseulles owed tax in Axminster Hundred, in which Weycroft lay; no other Roger had land there: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14446955 Devonshire Domesday}{\insrsid12807907 
, i. p. xxxiii. Eyton suggested that he is the Roger who held three manors in Somerset from the bishop of Coutances, named Roger Whiting in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16676044 Exon}{\insrsid12807907 .}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 5,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16676044 
23;35;41}}}{\insrsid12807907 , which assigns a fourth manor to him}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 5,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5189096 Whiting}{\insrsid12807907  probably also held Radstock}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid3676266 SOM 5,47}}}{\insrsid12807907  from the bishop, identified by his grant of the church to Bath priory: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8328140 VCH Somerset}{\insrsid12807907 , i. 452. Eyton was 'sure' of the i
dentity of Whiting and Courseulles, which has been cautiously accepted by most authorities since, though the basis of Eyton's confidence is not apparent: Eyton, }{\i\insrsid12807907 Domesday studies: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3676266 Somerset}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid3676266 , pp. 59-60; Tengvik, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3676266 Old }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2303750 English bynames}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2303750 , p. 11; Round, 'Domesday su
rvey of Somerset', 412-13. Eyton also wrote 'we do}{\insrsid12807907 
 not marvel' if other Rogers holding from the bishop were the same man, and believed he was also a tenant of William of Mohun. Professor Loud, however, has argued that Eyton was 'undoubtedly wrong' about th
e identity of Roger Whiting, pointing out that the Coutances' tenancies were held in 1166 by a Roger }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7997061 Witenge}{\insrsid12807907 
 from the bishop's successors, those of Roger of Courseulles (including those he held as a tenant of Glastonbury abbey) devolving on Robert Malet: L
oud, 'Introduction to the Somerset Domesday', pp. 23-24. While not quite conclusive - the descent of the Courseulles barony is not entirely clear - this is the more convincing argument: Sanders, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8526961 English baronies}{
\insrsid12807907 , pp. 38-39.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3676266  Roger's}{\insrsid12807907  manors (including those of Whiting) }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 622)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  403, 412, apart from those of the Cornish tenant, identified as another man (no. 9389).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROGER [* OF EVREUX *]. }{\insrsid12807907 R of Evreux, who held Great Bircham in Norfolk from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8130382 William of Ecouis}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 19,9}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is almos
t certainly Roger of Evreux, William's tenant at Tasburgh in the county. The byname occurs elsewhere only as that of the abbey, bishop or Count. Roger is probably William's tenant at Ringstead, included in the valuation of Great Bircham, and possibly also
 at Buckenham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 19,10;12}}}{\insrsid12807907 , the one other Roger on William's Honour. Roger's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 632)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  403, apart from Buckenham, whose tenant is unidentified (no. 10324).}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8130382 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ROGER [* OF GLOUCESTER *]. Roger, who held Lassington in Gloucestershire from the archbishop of York}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 2,13}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, is probably Roger of Gloucester, who granted land which was once Ulfkil's - his Domesday predecessor }{\insrsid12807907 at }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Lassington - to St Peter's of Gloucester for the soul of his brother Herbert: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Historia Gloucestriae}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , i. 112, 118-19, 235-36, 352. He may also be the Roger who held Westmill in Hertfordshire from Ralph of Tosny}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 22,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Werri de Marinis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  held part of a fee from the archbishop of York in 1166 and }{\insrsid12807907 family of Marines, which included a }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6453120 Gwerric}{
\insrsid12807907 , were subtenants at Westmill at a later date}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Red Book}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , i. 95, 415}{\insrsid12807907 ; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6453120 
VCH Hertfordshire}{\insrsid12807907  iii. 400}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Roger was probably a relative of Durand of Gloucester, though the nature of the relationship is uncertain. His manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel
}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 8992) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 412-13, where it is suggested that he may also have been a Tosny te
nant in Gloucestershire, on some of the manors here assigned to Roger of Baskerville.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROGER [* OF IVRY *]. Roger of Ivry}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  a tenant-in-chief in six counties}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  may ha}{\insrsid12807907 
ve been sheriff of Oxfordshire: }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Green, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 English sheriffs}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 35, 69}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Like his 'sworn brother', Robert d'Oilly (}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ), he was a serial tenant, }{\insrsid12807907 with}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 tenancies from no fewer than eleven tenants-in-chief. In many cases his byname is supplied, and in others he can be identified by the descent of the }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , as at Westbury in Buckinghamshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
BUK 4,29}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ; Cowley, Forest Hill, Baldon, Yarnton}{\insrsid12807907 , Barford St Michael,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and Astrop in Oxfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OXF 7,9;17-18;28;34. }{
\insrsid12807907 9,6. 19,1. 59,10}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ; and Whatcote and Rowington in Warwickshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 18,12-13}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , held from his father-in-law: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VCH Buckinghamshire}{
\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid948598 iv. 263; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid948598 VCH Oxfordshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid948598 , i. 380; xi, 47; xiii, 3; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid948598 
VCH Warwickshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid948598 , iii. 149-50.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Where evidence of descent is inconclusive, }{\insrsid12807907 circumstantial details}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 suggest his identity}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }
{\insrsid12807907 Tenants }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 in vills where }{\insrsid12807907 Roger }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
was tenant-in-chief may be Ivry, particularly where he was a tenant elsewhere of the tenant-in-chief concerned, as at Westbury in Buckinghamshire and Whitehill in Oxfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 4,29. OXF 7,25}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{
\insrsid12807907 H}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 is brotherhood with Robert d'Oilly }{\insrsid12807907 provides another clue}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
. Domesday Book provides unmistakable evidence of their association, in the form of joint holdings at Stowe, Arncott, and Sandford, and }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 in the same vill at Great Shefford, Shirburn, and Rousham, or in the adjacent vills of Finmere and Hethe}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 4,31}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Similar pairings of a Robert and}{\insrsid12807907  Roger suggest the identit}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 y of one or other, occasionally of both men, at Horsenden, Newington, Toot Baldon, }{\insrsid12807907 Sandford, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Noke, Worton, }{\insrsid12807907 and possibly Cropredy}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
BUK 4,8}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . OXF 2,1. }{\insrsid12807907 6,13. 7,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 28. }{\insrsid12807907 9,4. 59,7;29}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . These characteris
tics are sometimes combined, as on the escheated fief of William son of Osbern in Oxfordshire - where all fourteen unidentified Rogers or Roberts }{\insrsid12807907 are possibly}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 one of the two 'sworn brothers' - the Roger of Noke, Astrop, Milton and Worton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OXF 59,7;10;21;}{\insrsid12807907 29}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 being probably Roger of Ivry. Further confirmation is provided by the churches, }{\insrsid12807907 tithes, or land in Astrop, Noke}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and Worton }{\insrsid12807907 held by}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Oseney }{
\insrsid12807907 abbey}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , largely endowed by Robert and Roger and their families, as also at Baldon, Cowley, Forest Hill, Westbury, Woodperry, and Yarnton: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Oseney }{\i\insrsid12807907 c
}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 artulary}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , iv. 2-4, 7-8, 24-27, 32-36,51-52, 361-62; v}{\insrsid12807907 i.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  229, 236.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Less certainly, Roger of Ivry may be the Roger at Milton under Wychwood, adjacent to Ascot d'Oyley}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OXF 59,21}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , and at Whaddon and Drayton Parslow}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 4,26;28}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  as suggested by }{\insrsid12807907 Dr }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Keats-Rohan; the Buckinghamshire }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  were acquired by Woburn }{\insrsid12807907 abbey}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
VCH Buckinghamshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , iii. 346, 413.}{\insrsid12807907  Roger's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  
}{\insrsid12807907 (no. 319)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  403-404, apart from Horsenden, whose tenant is identified as }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Roger of Beaumont}{\insrsid12807907 
; and Cowley, Forest Hill, Woodperry, Whitehill, Yarnton, Barford St Michael, Astrop and Milton}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16131753 -under-Wychwood}{\insrsid12807907 
, whose tenants are unidentified (nos. 27717, 27725-26, 27733, 27742, 27792, 28110, 28125).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROGER OF IVRY'S WIFE [* A}{\insrsid12807907 D}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ELINA *]. The unnamed wife of Roger of Ivry on her Oxfordshire fief}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OXF 55}{\insrsid12807907 
,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  is ide}{\insrsid12807907 ntified by Orderic Vitalis (iv. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 230) as Adelina, daughter of Hugh of Grandmesnil; she was a benefactor of Abingdon }{\insrsid12807907 abbey}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2584483 other churches: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2584483 Historia Ecclesie Abbendonensis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2584483 , ii. 106-109, 162-63, 216-17, 386. Her mother and}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  daughter were named Adeliza, her name being sometimes confused with theirs. }{\insrsid12807907 Her}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1182265  manor}{\insrsid12807907 s are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907  (no. 2725)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907 , p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{
\insrsid12807907  443}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx180\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROGER [* OF LACY *]. }{\insrsid12807907 
The tenants of Earl Roger of Shrewsbury at Norbury, Walton and Blithfield in Staffordshire are probably}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Roger of Lacy}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 8,10-11;27}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{
\insrsid12807907 the earl's }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 tenant in Shropshire, }{\insrsid12807907 as indicated }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 by the descent}{\insrsid12807907  of these manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11230386 : Eyton, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11230386 Domesday studies}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11230386 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11230386 Staffordshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11230386 , pp. 84-86; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11230386 VCH Staffordshire}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid11230386 , iv. 156. At Norbury, the tenant is named }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11230386 Reger}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11230386 , }{\insrsid12807907 an }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11230386 otherwise unknown }{\insrsid12807907 
name}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11230386 ,}{\insrsid12807907  a scribal error on the evidence of descent: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1338377 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 
, p. 967. Lacy is probably also the tenant of Hugh of Grandmesnil at Quinton and 'Weston Maudit' in Gloucestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 62,4-5}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Quinton being held by Hugh of Lacy, who succeeded his brot
her in 1096, according to the satellite text known as Evesham N (no. 11). Another satellite, the Herefordshire Domesday, reveals that the Roger who held '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid882711 3 churches, a priest and 32 acres of land}{\insrsid12807907 
' from Henry of Ferrers in the castlery of Ewyas Harold}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 13,2}}}{\insrsid12807907  is Roger of Lacy, these assets being then held by Hugh of Lacy: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid882711 Herefordshire Domesday}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 53, 104-105. The tenant of Reginald the sheriff at Henley in Shropshire is probably also Lacy}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid882711 SHR 4,3,48}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Henley descending to his }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid882711 heirs: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid882711 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid882711 , 964. It has been suggested that he held Montford in Shropshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,4,23}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid882711 , }{
\insrsid12807907 a}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Lacy}{\insrsid12807907  manor }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid882711 in the thirteenth century}{\insrsid12807907 , though}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid882711 
 the text clearly assigns this to the tenant-in-chief, Roger son of Corbet: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid882711 Cartulary of Shrewsbury abbey}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid882711 , i. 33, 38; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid882711 Rotuli Hundredorum}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid882711 , ii. 76. Roger, a tenant-in-chief in five counties, was a serial tenant, holding manors from }{\insrsid12807907 another eight}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid882711  tenants-in-chief}{\insrsid12807907 
 where his byname is supplied, and possibly some others where it is not}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid882711 . His manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid882711 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid882711  (no. }{\insrsid12807907 666}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid882711 )}{\insrsid12807907 , which includes only Blithfield of the tenancies discussed above, the other six tenants being unidentified (nos. 29806-807, 30393, 39804, 31413-14, 314320). Most of the references to Roger's manors are}
{\insrsid12807907\charrsid882711  }{\insrsid12807907 accidentally omitted from}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid882711  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid882711 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid882711 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  404.}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid882711 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROGER [* OF LIVET *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Roger, who held Little Dalby and Somerby in Leicestershire from Henry of Ferrers, is almost certainly Roger of Livet,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 
who granted}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 tithes in those vills to the Ferrers' foundation of Tutbury priory; he 'also' held the following manor of Burrough-on-the-Hill}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 LEC 14,31}{
\insrsid12807907 -32}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Robert of Livet held two fees from the Honour before 1135, but was succeeded by William Pantulf by 1166: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12275603 Cartulary of Tutbury priory}{\insrsid12807907 , i. 65; }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12275603 Red Book}{\insrsid12807907 , i. 337. It is possible that all or most of the Rogers who held Congerstone, Shenton, Newton and Stretton-en-le-Field in Leicestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 14,13;15;25;28}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, Fauld in Staffordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }
{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 10,7}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Croxall, Edingale, another part of Stretton-en-le-Field, Sapperton and Mercaston in Derbyshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 6,14-16;29;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12275603 96}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 from the Ferrers Honour are also Livet. Only one Roger is named in the Tutbury cartulary; and although not a comprehensive list of tena
nts, it names three Ralphs, five Roberts and two Henrys, so it is unlikely that several Rogers are omitted, and one other Roger - the hunter - has been identified as a Ferrers tenant. The two Stretton manors are likely to be held by one man}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
LEC 14,28. DBY 6,16}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and Edingale was a dependency of Croxhall}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 6,14-15}}}{\insrsid12807907 . The descent of the manors reveals only that the process of fragmentation evident in the }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12275603 Red Book}{\insrsid12807907  had progressed much further, perhaps as many as eight families sharing them: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4137508 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 946-47, 969, 985, 994-95. Roger probably came from }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid7168196 Livet-en-Ouche}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 in }{\insrsid12807907 Upper }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Normandy}{
\insrsid12807907  }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 (Eure: }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7168196 arrondissement Bernay}{\insrsid12807907 ): }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7168196 Loyd, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7168196 Anglo-Norman Families}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid7168196 , p. 55}{\insrsid12807907 . His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 3861)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  404, apart from Fa
uld and Mercaston, whose tenants are unidentified (nos. 31448, 32360).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROGER [* OF L}{\insrsid12807907 O}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 UVETOT *]. }{\insrsid12807907 All unidentified 
Rogers in Nottinghamshire are tenants of Roger of Bully, who had only one other tenant of this name, on a minor holding at }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13245884 Wymeswold}{\insrsid12807907  in Leicestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 18,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. It is likely that all his Nottinghamshire tenants are Roger of Louvetot, who is not named in Domesday but is roughly contemporary with the Survey since he succeeded to some of the manors of Eustace the sheriff, who died about 1100: King, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11163264 Peterborough abbey}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 46-48; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11956473 Henry of Pytchley}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 90-94. Roger was succeeded by William, who granted churches in }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid8586377 Normanton-on-Trent}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8586377 Wysall}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8586377 Car Colston, Walkeringham}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8586377 
 Gringley-on the-Hill}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8586377  Misterton}{\insrsid12807907  and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8586377  Treswell }{\insrsid12807907 in Nottinghamshire - all held by Roger in Domesday}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid8586377 9,}{\insrsid12807907 69;90-}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6387972 91;107;120;122-124}{\insrsid12807907 ;129}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6387972  }{\insrsid12807907 - }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6387972 
to Roger of Bully's foundation of Worksop priory: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6387972 Monasticon}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6387972 , vi/ii. 118, no. 2; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6387972 VCH Nottinghamshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6387972 , i. 226;}{
\insrsid12807907  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6387972 Cartulary of Blyth priory}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6387972 , }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid6387972 pp. cxvi-cxvii}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6387972 . Of the remaining }{\insrsid12807907 
manors, Grasshthorpe and Sutton-on-Trent are one to}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 three}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 from}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 Normanton, and Clifton and Spalford just across the Trent from there; Flintham is three miles from Car Colston, only 'Roolton' is apart}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 9,3-4;44;62-63;108}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. It has been suggested that Roger may also have held the manor of Misterton, in addition to the jurisdiction he had there}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13245884 NTT 9,121}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , on the grounds that the f
ormulae used - 'Roger has ...' - is ambiguous, Roger referring Roger of Louvetot the tenant, rather than Roger of Bully the tenant-in-chief. While possible, this is unlikely. The formulae occurs over thirty times on the fief, the only occasion where a ten
ant clearly held the manor being stated unambiguously, uncharacteristically at the end of the entry in what looks like a late addition}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 9,28}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Roger probably }{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8586377 came from Louvetot}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  in Upper Normandy}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8586377  }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 (}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8586377 Seine-Maritime}{\insrsid12807907 :}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid8586377  }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8586377 arrondissement Rouen)}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 :}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8586377  Loyd,}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid1391730 Some Anglo-Norman families}
{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8586377 , p. 55}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 . }{\insrsid12807907 His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{
\insrsid12807907 (no. 3713)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 411, apart from 'Roolton', whose tenant is unidentified (no. 35222).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROGER [* OF MEULLES *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Rogers who held Exbourne, Highhampton and Lashbrook in Devon from Baldwin the sheriff}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 16,18-20}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are probably Roger of Meulles, Baldwin's tenant at Lewtrenchard, all three manors being later held by a John of Meulles: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12017358 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 784. According to }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12017358 
Exon}{\insrsid12807907 ., Roger also held and Warson, George Teign and Petecote from Baldwin}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 16,9-10;59;139}}}{\insrsid12807907 . He may also be the Roger at Chichacott}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 16,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, four miles from Exbourne. Baldwin had two other Rogers on his Honour, Roger son of Payne and Roger }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2972210 of Roerico}{\cs23\i\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 16,155;168}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Roger's manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 1720)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  405, apart from Chichacott, whose tenant is unidentified (no. 3491).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROGER [* OF MILLY *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Roger }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15281612 de Millai}{\insrsid12807907 
 and other tenants of Earl Hugh of Chester gave tithes in Leicestershire to the abbey of St Evroul in 1081, Bates, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15281612 Regesta}{\insrsid12807907 
, no. 255, p. 773. Earl Hugh had two tenants named Roger on his Honour, both in Leicestershire: at Loughborough, where Roger had two holdings, and in Theddingworth}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 43,2;5}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Their descent is unrevealing. Loughborough was held in demesne in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10890480 Leicestershire Survey}{\insrsid12807907 , subsequently granted to the Despenser family; and Theddingworth, claimed by the king, was re-granted at an
 early date: Farrer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15281612 Honors}{\insrsid12807907 
, ii. 58-63, 78. Roger of Milly may have held either or both. He, or his heirs, may have been compensated elsewhere, for the family were later tenants of the Honour of Chester in Lincolnshire: Farrer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15281612 Honors}{
\insrsid12807907 , ii. 109, 126, 167-68, 172, 176, 184-85; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Charters of the Anglo-Norman }{\i\insrsid12807907 e}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 arls of Chester}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 16-21, 395. Dr Keats-Rohan suggests that Roger was also the tenant of Robert son of Hugh at Broxton in Cheshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 2,14}}}{\insrsid12807907 , which is not improbable but unverifiable; and that he was from Meslay in Lower Normandy (}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907 Calvados:}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid7168196  arrondissement Caen}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 ). }{\insrsid12807907 Roger's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 3831)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  405, apart from the tenants at Theddingworth and on the smaller of the two Loughborough holdings, who are unidentified (nos. 26678, 26682).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROGER [* OF MUSSEGROS *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The tenant of Ralph of Tosny at Monnington}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7941075 -on-Wye}{\insrsid12807907  in Herefordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 8,6}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 was identified by J.H. Round as Roger of Mussegros, who}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid948598  witnessed one of Ralph's Norman}{\insrsid12807907  charters: 'Domesday survey of Herefordshire',}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13043600  p.}{\insrsid12807907  }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid948598 327}{\insrsid12807907 ; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7941075 Calendar of documents}{\i\insrsid12807907 :}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7941075  France}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 219. He held a small }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid948598 tenancy in chief in the county}{\insrsid12807907 ; Monnington was held by his descendant, Miles of Mussegros, in the late twelfth century: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7941075 Herefordshire Domesday}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 35, 94. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 3034)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{
\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  405.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROGER [* OF OLNEY *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Roger, tenant of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6244588 Countess Judith at Lavendon and Emberton}{\insrsid12807907  in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6244588 53,3;8}}}{
\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6244588  }{\insrsid12807907 is probably Roger of Olney, her tenant at Clifton Reynes, which lies between them, two}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 to three}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 mile}{\insrsid12807907 s }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 from }{\insrsid12807907 either across the fields. All three manors were in the hands of different families when next recorded: Farrer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15606105 Honors}{
\insrsid12807907 , ii. 400-401, 408; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15606105 VCH Buckinghamshire}{\insrsid12807907 
, iv. 340, 382. Roger had presumably held land in Olney - a mile from Clifton - but if so had relinquished it before 1086 as the one manor there was held in demesne by the b}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15606105 ishop of Coutances}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid15606105 BUK 5,13}}}{\insrsid12807907 . The Countess had two other Rogers on her Honour: Roger of Bully in Yorkshire and a Roger in Cambridgeshire identified as the ancestor of the Oliphant family. Roger's manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 698)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  406.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ROGER [* }{\insrsid12807907 OF PI}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 TRES *]. Roger, described as the brother of Durand the sheriff in one entry in Gloucestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 2,10}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  as Roger the sheriff in another}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 56,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{\insrsid12807907 and as }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5587154 Roger of P\'eetres}{
\insrsid12807907  in Herefordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 1,72. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5587154 22,8}}}{\insrsid12807907 , was the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 father of Walter of Gloucester, also sheriff of the county and heir to his nephew, Durand, the family supplying three successive sheriffs of Gloucestershire: Green, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 English sheriffs}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, p. 42. He was dead before 1086.}{\insrsid12807907  As an intermediate landowner, his manors are not listed in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13901277 Coel}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\i\insrsid12807907 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907  or the }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13901277 Statistics}{\insrsid12807907  database.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROGER [* OF POITOU *]. }{\insrsid12807907 R of Poitou on the royal manor of Brockdish in Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2171449 NFK 1,226}}}{
\insrsid12807907  is almost certainly the tenant-in-chief, Roger of Poitou, though a tenant of that name held land in Yorkshire. He may also be the Roger whose unnamed predecessor at 'Olden' in Suffolk had the patronage of two free men}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2171449 SUF 53,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Roger of Poitou himself holding a free man in the vill}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1144822 SUF 8,61}}}{
\insrsid12807907 . Roger was a tenant-in-chief in both counties, and in five others, holding almost three hundred manors; he was a younger son of Earl Roger of Shrewsbury. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }
{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 1502)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  409-11.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROGER [* OF POITOU *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Rogers who held 'Westerby' (Altofts) and Whitwood in Yorkshire from Ilbert of Lacy}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 9W96;99}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are identified by the descent of these manors as Roger of Poitou, though not the tenant-in-chief of that name: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7278071 Early Yorkshire charters}{\insrsid12807907 , iii. 235-36; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7278071 
Early Yorkshire }{\i\insrsid12807907 families}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 70-71. Ilbert had no other Rogers on his Honour. Roger's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 8611)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  413.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROGER [* OF QUESNAY *]. The Roger}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held Heyford and Ducklington in Oxfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 28,12;20}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 and Wicken and Thenford in Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 28,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  from Robert d'Oilly }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  probably Roger of Quesnay (later Chesney)}{\insrsid12807907 ;}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the first three }{\insrsid12807907 manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 were later held by the Chesney family, and }{\insrsid12807907 Thenford}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 is stated in the text to be held by the tenant of Wicken}{\insrsid12807907 :}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Eynsham }{\i\insrsid12807907 c}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 artulary}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\insrsid12807907 i.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11679727 411-23; Farrer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11679727 Honors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11679727 , iii. 62-63, 227-28. }{
\insrsid12807907 The other Rogers on }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11679727 Robert's }{\insrsid12807907 Honour}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11679727  are probably Roger d'Oilly, a relative. Roger's manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11679727 
Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11679727  (no. 8298) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11679727 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11679727 , p. 402.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RO}{\insrsid12807907 [}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GER] OF RAMES. }{\insrsid12807907 Ro Rames, who claimed a free man at 'Olden in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5068319 SUF 16,16}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , is almost certainly Roger of Rames, the only landowner with this toponomic in Domesday. He was a tenant-in-chief in East Anglia, Essex and Middlesex. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 716)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  406.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROGER OF RAMES}{\insrsid12807907 ' DAUGHTER}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Dr Keats-Rohan suggests that Roger's unnamed daughter, who held two of his manors in Suffolk}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUF 38,9;11}}}{\insrsid12807907 , may be Wiberga, his tenant at Rayne in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 39,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Her manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 717)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  198.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROGER [* OF }{\insrsid12807907 "ROERICO"}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Roger, who held Smallicombe in Devon from Baldwin the sheriff}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 16,168}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is named Roger }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10356624 de Roerico}{\insrsid12807907  in the Geld Roll for Colyton Hundred, where Smallicombe lay: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10356624 Devonshire Domesday}{\insrsid12807907 , i. p. xxxiv. His manor is}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 1794) an}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 d }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  407. His toponym has not been identified.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROGER [* OF STANTON *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Roger, who held ten hides at Stanton Drew in the royal manor of Keynsham in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 1,28}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is 
named Roger of Stanton in the Geld Roll for Keynsham Hundred, where Stanton lay: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5068319 VCH Somerset}{\insrsid12807907 , i. 528. His manor is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 2087)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  407.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROGER [* SON OF CORBET *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Rogers who held Minsterley, Trewern and Alberbury from Earl Roger of Shrewsbury}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,1,7-9}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are very probably Roger son of Corbet. All three manors were later held by the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12656323 Corbets, and all lay in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12465631 Reweset}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12656323 
, which belonged to the manor of Alberbury: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12656323 VCH Shropshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12656323 , viii. 195, 202, 310-11; Meisel, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12656323 Barons of the Welsh frontier}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12656323 , pp. 62-64, 66, 69. Almost the entire}{\insrsid12807907  Hundred was shared between the earl and the
 Corbet brothers, Earl Roger retaining only the most valuable manor in demesne. The Corbets had evidently been entrusted with the defence of this frontier area, centred on the castle they built at Caus. Roger's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 2574)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  400.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROGER [* }{\insrsid12807907 SON OF PAYNE}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Roger, who held West Putford in Devon from Ralph of Pomeroy}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 34,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is probably Roger son of Payne who according to }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8022293 Exon}{\insrsid12807907 . held Peamore}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 34,12}}}{\insrsid12807907  from Ralph, and Hennock from }
{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8022293 Baldwin the sheriff}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8022293 DEV 16,155}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; Rich
ard son of Payne of Putford held a fee of two knights from the Honour of Berry Pomeroy in 1166. The other Ralphs on Baldwin's Honour can be identified with a degree of confidence; but Ralph had more unidentified Rogers than the remaining tenants-in-chief 
i
n the county combined. It is unlikely there were more Rogers among his tenants than the three recorded bynames suggest; but unfortunately, this consideration does little to distinguish them, as the one cluster among the manors, around Exeter and the estua
ry of the river Exe, contains two of the three bynames, Roger son of Payne himself, and Roger Blunt. It is possible, of course, that both are borne the same man, but impossible to verify. Roger's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid8022293 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8022293 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8022293  (no. 1726) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8022293 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8022293 , p. 408}{
\insrsid12807907 , with the addition of Lydford and Great Torrington}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 34,3;9}}}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROGER [* THE CLERIC *]. The Roger}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held small portions of Pevensey and Peelings fro}{\insrsid12807907 m the Count of Mortain}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 10,1;79}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  may be Roger the cleric}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held from him in Eastbourne, 'Cudnor' and Horsey}{\insrsid12807907 . T}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 he }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  are of comparable status and close to each other}{\insrsid12807907 ; and a}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 lthough Roger is a common name, it is remarkably rare on the vast lands of the Count of Mortain}{
\insrsid12807907  outside Sussex}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\insrsid12807907 where }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 only one other tenant, Roger of Courseulles, }{\insrsid12807907 occurs}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
. It is possible, therefore, that the other unidentified Rogers on the }{\insrsid12807907 H}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ono}{\insrsid12807907 u}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 r, also in Sussex, at Charleston and West Firle}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUS 10,15;22}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  about }{\insrsid12807907 a dozen}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  miles from th}{\insrsid12807907 e manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  of Roger the cleric, }{\insrsid12807907 
are the same man}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 
(no. 207)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 399, apart from Charleston, whose tenant is unidentified (no. 15982).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROGER }{\insrsid12807907 [* THE HUNTER *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 The Rogers who held Ilsley and Frilsham in Berkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 21,2;4}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Boylestone in Derbyshire}
{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
DBY 6,55}}}{\insrsid12807907  from Henry of Ferrers were identified by J.H. Round from charters in the Ridware cartulary as Roger the huntsman, a dependency of Boylestone being }{\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12807907 held by hunting tenure}{
\insrsid12807907 : 'Tenure of Draycote-under-Needwood', pp. 1-10; }{\i\insrsid12807907 Rydeware chartulary}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 257-58, 283-84. Roger's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 11099), but not}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907 
, the entry for Roger the hunter there (p. 411) referring to another man (no. 7838).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROGER }{\insrsid12807907 [* WHITING *]. Roger, who held the valuable manor of Radstock in Somerset from the bishop of Coutances}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3676266 SOM 5,47}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , is very probably Roger Whiting (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5189096 Wythent}{\insrsid12807907 ), identified by his grant of the church to Bath priory: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8328140 VCH Somerset}{\insrsid12807907 
, i. 452. He is named in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5189096 Exon}{\insrsid12807907 . as the bishop's tenant on several other manors in the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 5,4;23;35;41}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. He has been identified by scholars from Eyton onwards as the same man as Roger of Courseulles: Eyton, }{\i\insrsid12807907 Domesday studies: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3676266 Somerset}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3676266 , pp. 59-60; Tengvik, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3676266 Old }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2303750 English bynames}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2303750 , p. 11; Round, 'Domesday survey of Somerset', 412-13}{\insrsid12807907 
. Professor Loud, however, has argued that the identification is 'undoubtedly wrong' since the Coutances' tenancies were held in 1166 by a Roger }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7997061 Witenge}{\insrsid12807907 
 from the bishop's successors, those of Roger of Courseulles devolving on Robert Malet: Loud, 'Introduction to the Somerset Domesday', pp. 23-24. Whiting is identified as Roger of Courseulles in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5189096 Coel}{\insrsid12807907 
.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5189096 {\insrsid12807907 .............
................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RO}{\insrsid12807907 GO [* SON OF NIGEL *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 
Rogo is a rare name, borne only by tenants of Baldwin the sheriff in Devon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15952570 16,76-77;104-105;150;158;170}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, who are all therefore probably Rogo son of Nigel, Baldwin's tenant at Appley and Porlock in Somerset according to }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6717044 Exon.}{\cs23\i\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 20,2-3}}}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907 
Domesday Book}{\insrsid12807907  (1816), iii. 294. If so, the Domesday scribe is in error, recording the name there as Drogo. Rogo has left his mark on the landscape, the surname of his manor of Holcombe Rogus}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 16,76}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 preserving his name. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 907)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  413.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9509439 ROLF. Rolf }{\insrsid12807907 is a fairly common}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  name}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2513720 which }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 occurs }{\insrsid12807907 
about three dozen times}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  times, distributed among }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9509439 seven }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 counties and the lands of the king and }{\insrsid12807907 a dozen}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  of his tenants-in-chief}{\insrsid12807907 , one cluster in Lincolnshire }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9509439 accounting for roughly }{\insrsid12807907 two-thirds}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9509439 
 of the names The three manors in Devon and one }{\insrsid12807907 each }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9509439 in Oxfordshire }{\insrsid12807907 and Norfolk were held by tenants in 1086, the remainder by pre-Conquest landowners.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9199223 ROLF [* SON OF SKJALDVOR *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The distribution of the name make it likely that most if not all Rolfs in Lincolnshire are one man, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9199223 Rolf son of Skjaldvor}{
\insrsid12807907 , who had full jurisdiction and market rights in the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN T5}}}{\insrsid12807907 . He was probably a relative of Abbot Brand of Peterborough and Ulf son of Topi, here identified as Ulf Fenman (
}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9199223 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
). Ulf's will and the Peterborough chronicle itemise extensive grants made to the abbey by Abbot Brand, Ulf, and their relatives; and although Rolf is not among those named, he held four of the abbey's Lincolnshire manors, three of them in vills recorded 
in the will}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 8,14;20-22}}}{\insrsid12807907 , so he is likely to be one of the unnamed relatives referred to in the royal confirmation of the abbey's lands: Whitelock, }{\i\insrsid12807907 Anglo-Saxon wills}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 94-97, 207-12; Bates, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16540617 Regesta}{\insrsid12807907 , no. 216, pp. 686-88; Hugh Candidus, pp. 40-41, 69, 71-72.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9199223 
\par \tab }{\insrsid12807907 Rolf's relatives provide some confirmation of his identity on the lands of the six other tenants-in-chief who obtained his manors. Apart from Abbot Brand and Ulf, these relatives are Alnoth, Eskil, Godric, Healfdene, Siric, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16540617 Siuorthus}{\insrsid12807907 , and Ulf's wife and mother, Madselin and Edeva. One or more of these held land in three of the vills where Bishop Odo of Bayeux acquired land from Rolf}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid9199223 4,38;41;46}{\insrsid12807907 -49}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9199223 ;81}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; in two of those acquired by the bishop of Lincoln}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9199223 7,17;24}{
\insrsid12807907 -25}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; the one of Count Alan of Brittany}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 12,19}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; one of those of Alfred of Lincoln}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 27,10-11}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9199223 ;20;30-33}}}{
\insrsid12807907 ; four of those of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9199223 Drogo of la Beuvri\'e8re}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9199223 30,9}{\insrsid12807907 -}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9199223 17}}}{\insrsid12807907 
; and two of those of Durand Malet}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9199223 44,5-1}{\insrsid12807907 4;16-18}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Several of the relatives' names are common; but there are too
 many associations to be explained by coincidence. The distribution of the manors provides some additional confirmation. Both the bishop of Bayeux and Alfred of Lincoln acquired land from Rolf in Tealby}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 4,41. 27,11}}}{\insrsid12807907 
; the manors of Drogo and Durand Malet at Coates are within a mile of each other}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 30,13. 44,8}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and those of Irby and Laceby little over a mile apart}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 30,15. 44,9}}}{\insrsid12807907 
; Alfred's manor at Caistor is a mile from Malet's at Nettleton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 27,10. 44,5}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; and the bishop of Lincoln's at Wyh
am four miles from Count Alan's at Fulstow, which in turn is three from Malet's at North Thoresby}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 7,24. 12,19. 44,6}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Some, but not all, of these distributions may have been produced by chance.
\par \tab Professor Whitelock has suggested that }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9199223 Skjaldvor}{\insrsid12807907  is the name of Rolf's mother, recorded with her husband, Jol, in the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9199223 Liber }{\i\insrsid12807907 v}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9199223 itae}{\insrsid12807907  of Thorney abbey: 'Scandinavian personal names', pp. 141-42. Jol granted land in three Lincolnshire vills to Ramsey abbey, and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9199223 Skjaldvor}{\insrsid12807907 
 is noted in its }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9400608 chronicle as a wealthy benefactor: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9400608 Cartulary of Ramsey }{\i\insrsid12807907 abbey}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9400608 , }{\insrsid12807907 i. 280-81; }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid9400608 iii. 167;}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9400608  }{\i\insrsid12807907 Chronicon abbatiae Rameseiensis}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 199. If so, this is another link between Rolf and Peterborough, since Yawthorpe (}{
\i\insrsid12807907 I}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9199223 olestorp}{\insrsid12807907 ), acquired by the abbey from Rolf}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 8,14}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, may incorporate his father's name: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 Early charters of eastern England}{\insrsid12807907 
, p. 242. If this Rolf is the predecessor of Durand Malet in Lincolnshire, then he is probably also his predecessor in Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 26,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Leicestershire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
LEC 35,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 , the only Rolf in Nottinghamshire and one of two in Leicestershire. Only one other Rolf is recorded in the Midlands or the north, a tenant of Henry of Ferrers at Sibford in Oxfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 24,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, unlikely to be the pre-Conquest}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 son of Skjaldvor. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 A list of }{\insrsid12807907 Rolf's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  manor}{\insrsid12807907 s}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 English }{\i\insrsid12807907 n}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 obility}{\i\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 pp. }{\insrsid12807907 
314-15, which includes those listed above apart from dependencies. He ranks Rolf sixty-fourth in wealth among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 untitled laymen. The tenant at Sibford is unidentified in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1727758 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 27863).}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16666894 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par ROS}{\insrsid12807907 CELIN}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Roscelin is a rare name which occurs once each in Sussex, Northamptonshire and Lincolnshire, three times in Devon and four 
in Yorkshire, tenants of five tenants-in-chief, one in each county.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROS}{\insrsid12807907 CELIN <OF FULSTOW>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 The Roscelins who held Brinsworth, Thrybergh, Dalton and Bolton Percy in Yorkshire from William of Percy}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
YKS 13W8;10-12}}}{\insrsid12807907  are probably one man, predecessor of the Normanville family who acquired the first three manors and also Bolton u
pon Dearne, held in 1086 by Picot of Percy, whose descendants later held Bolton Percy, some shuffling of the tenancies occurring in the interval (unless the scribe has confused the two Boltons). 'There is no doubt' that Roscelin is also the tenant of Earl
 Hugh of Chester at Fulstow in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 13,21}}}{\insrsid12807907 , which also descended to the Normanvilles: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1975111 Early Yorkshire charters}{\insrsid12807907 
, xi. 286-94. There are no other Roscelins in northern England. Roscelin's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 
(no. 3006)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  415.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROSSKELL. }{\insrsid12807907 Rosskell is a rare name which occurs nine times, once in Nottinghamshire, the reminder in Yorkshire, all on modest or meagre pre-Conquest holdings.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROSSKELL <OF BRIDGFORD>. }{\insrsid12807907 Rosskell, who shared land at Bridgeford in Nottinghamshire worth eight shillings acquired by Roger of Bully}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 9,101}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has no links with his distant Yorkshire namesakes.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1144822 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ROSSKELL <OF }{\insrsid12807907 STOCKTON}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 
As the name occurs only once outside Yorkshire, all or most of the eight Rosskells in the 
county are possibly one man. This is very likely the case with the tight cluster of four waste manors at Stockton, Newhall, Lofthouse and Alwoodley in the West Riding retained by the king}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 1W11-12;14;16}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, which later formed part of the barony of William le Meschin: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1144822 Early Yorkshire charters}{\insrsid12807907 , iii. 467-69. It is not unlikely that this Rosskell also held Linton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1144822 
YKS 13W35}}}{\insrsid12807907  and perhaps Ryther}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1144822 YKS 9W24}}}{\insrsid12807907 , the former about four miles from Stockton and the latter acquired by Ilbert of Lacy because it lay wit
hin his 'territory' of the Honour of Pontefract. The remaining manors of Wath and Kirklington are some forty miles to the north but also acquired as part of a territorial block, that of Count Alan of Brittany}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1144822 
YKS 6N144}{\insrsid12807907 ;147}}}{\insrsid12807907 .}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1144822 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SAERIC [* FATHER OF GUTHMUND *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  cluster }{\insrsid12807907 
of five Saerics }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 in Herefordshire}{\insrsid12807907  -}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 the only Saerics in circuit five - are probably one man}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Four }{
\insrsid12807907 of his manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 were acquired by Roger of Lacy, all subinfeudated to Guthmund, }{\insrsid12807907 named}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  as the father of }{\insrsid12807907 Saeric}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  on one of the}{\insrsid12807907  manors,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and as a thane of Earl Harold on another}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HEF 1,17. 10,51;53;71}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 As there are no other Guthmunds in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the region, it is }{\insrsid12807907 probable}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  that Saeric }{\insrsid12807907 is Guthmund's}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 father}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 on}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  all }{\insrsid12807907 four, and is possibly also}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 the one other Saeric in }{\insrsid12807907 the county, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 at Newton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 24,7}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\insrsid12807907 roughly}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 midway between two of those of Guthmund's father, a few miles from either}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 held in demesne after}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  an intermediate change of tenure.}{
\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SAEWIN. }{\insrsid12807907 Saewin is a fairly common name }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2513720 which }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 occurs }{\insrsid12807907 almost sixty}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 
 times, distributed among }{\insrsid12807907 sixteen}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  counties and the lands of the king and }{\insrsid12807907 thirty}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  of his tenants-in-chief}{\insrsid12807907 
. Its distribution is limited, no Saewins occurring north of the Wash, and most located in the south-western counties. Outside that area, there is a small cluster in Hampshire and a sc
attering elsewhere. Apart from Saewin of Kingston, all but four Saewins are pre-Conquest landowners.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SAEWIN <OF KINGSTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 The Saewins who held five manors among the royal thanes in Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 30,19-21;23-24}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are probably one man. Two of his manors are in the same vill, and all within a few miles of each other in Rushcliffe Hundred. Few other Saewins held 
land in 1086, none in northern England, and there are no pre-Conquest Saewins in Nottinghamshire or the adjacent counties. Saewin's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 11667)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 but not}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907 .}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid9921947 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9921947 SAEWOLD. Saewold }{\insrsid12807907 is an uncommon name }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2513720 which }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 occurs }{\insrsid12807907 sixteen}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 
 times, distributed among }{\insrsid12807907 seven}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  counties and the lands of the king and }{\insrsid12807907 nine}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  of his tenants-in-chief}{\insrsid12807907 , with one cl
uster in Oxfordshire where the majority of names and the most valuable manors occur, as do all six survivors.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SAEWOLD <OF MACKNADE>. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid225041 Saewold}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid225041  }{\insrsid12807907 whose half-}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid225041 ploughland }{\insrsid12807907 at}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid225041  Mac}{\insrsid12807907 k}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid225041 nade }{\insrsid12807907 in Kent }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid225041 in 1066 }{\insrsid12807907 was acquired by Bishop Odo of Bayeux}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 5,148}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has no links with other Saewolds, all remote}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid225041 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SAEWOLD <OF MAMBLE>.}{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, the Saewolds whose neighbouring manors at Mamble and Conningswick in Worcestershire were acquired by Ralph of Mortimer}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WOR 16,2;4}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are probably one man. He was succeeded by his son on the smaller of the two manors. He has no links with other Saewolds and is unlikely to be the same man as closest namesake, Saewold of Waterstock, who survived until 1086}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid225041 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SAEWOLD <OF MILFORD>. }{\insrsid12807907 Saewold, whose tiny holding at Milford in Wiltshire worth fifteen pence was acquired by Humphrey de l'Isle}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 27,27}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has no links with other Saewolds}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid225041 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SAEWOLD <OF MILTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 Saewold, a man of Wulfward White whose modest manor at Milton Keynes in Buckinghamshire was acquired by William son of Ansculf}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 17,31}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is very probably the overlord of a man with a virgate at Woughton, a mile away}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 12,31}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; he has no links with other Saewolds, the nearest being the survivor Saewold of Waterstock}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid225041 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SAEWOLD <OF }{\insrsid12807907 WATERSTOCK}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare and its distribution distinctive, all Saewolds in Oxfordshire are probably one man, the lord of Waterstock in 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 6,16}}}{\insrsid12807907 . }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid15754804 Of }{\insrsid12807907 his}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15754804  eleven }{\insrsid12807907 holdings}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15754804 , }{\insrsid12807907 he}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15754804  held seven in 1086}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
OXF B10. 6,10;16. 58,31-34}}}{\insrsid12807907  and is the only Saewold in Domesday Book to hold land at that date, virtually guaranteeing his identity}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15754804 . Of the }{\insrsid12807907 five}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15754804 
 }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15754804  }{\insrsid12807907 he }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15754804 held in 1066, three devolved upon the same tenant-in-chief and formed a close group with Little Minster, held by Saewold }{
\insrsid12807907 for two decades}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 45,1-3. 58,31}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; t}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15754804 he }{\insrsid12807907 remaining}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15754804  property, Benson, }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15754804 
 five miles from }{\insrsid12807907 his manor of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15754804 Rofford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 58,19;31}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15754804 .}{\insrsid12807907  The manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15754804  }{\insrsid12807907 
are }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15754804 distributed to the east and west of Oxford}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15754804  where Saewold, evidently a man of substance, held nine }{\insrsid12807907 
messuages, as well as two mills granted him by the king 'with his wife'}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF B10. 58,34}}}{\insrsid12807907 . His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 9218)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  418, apart from Oxford, Thame and Waterstock, whose tenants are unidentified (nos. 27619, 27681, 27703) and Minster, assigned to Robert d'Oilly, his subtenant there.}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14615666 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par SAEWOLD <OF WESTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 Saewold, who held a modest manor at Weston in Warwickshire acquired by William son of Corbucion}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 28,8}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has no links with other Saewolds}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid225041 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SAEW}{\insrsid12807907 
ULF. Saewulf is a fairly common name which occurs almost fifty times, distributed among fifteen counties and the lands of the king and two dozen of his tenants-in-chief. It occurs only once north of the Wash, with small clusters in the south-western count
ies and Hampshire. The majority of Saewulfs are pre-Conquest landowners, though there are survivors in five counties, all in the south-west.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 SAEWULF [* BROTHER OF SIWARD *]. Saewulf and his brother Siward are recorded as predecessors of Giles brother of Ansculf at Datchet in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 51,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
; and since Giles acquired his whole fief from Siward }{\insrsid12807907 and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Saewulf}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 51,3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, it is probable they are the brothers elsewhere on his Honour, though variously described as men of earls Harold, Leofwin and Ralph. Giles also acquired three of his manors in Northamptonshire from Siward, and three of four in Berkshire from Siward }{
\insrsid12807907 or Saewulf}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 34,3-4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, the pre-Conquest lords of the fourth manor being anonymous. Apart from Siward Barn, there is only one other man of either name among the Berkshire landowners. If these identifications are correct, the brothers provided roughly
 60% of Giles' Honour, over 75% if unnamed landowners are excluded. They are evidently his designated predecessors. The one other individual to contribute a significant portion of Giles' Honour, Leofric of Moreton (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 q.v.
}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ), shared Wappenham with Siward and }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  elsewhere associated with Saewulf}{\insrsid12807907 , so h}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 e may }{\insrsid12807907 be}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  a relative.
\par \tab The Count of Mortain also had predecessors named Siward and Saewulf in two of these three counties}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Saewulf }{\insrsid12807907 holding}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Staverton}{\insrsid12807907 
 and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Middleton }{\insrsid12807907 Cheyney in Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 18,30;37}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907  He is probably the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 Saewulf whose men held land in Burnham and Iver}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 7,2. 19,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , since}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  no other Saewulf had demesne manors in Buckinghamshire. The one remaining Saewulf in the}{\insrsid12807907  three}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  counties, at Greatworth in Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 2,4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , may be Siward's brother}{\insrsid12807907  since}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 his name is uncommon, and the manor, which is fairly substantial, lies approximately half-way between those of Giles at Wappenham and that of the Count of Mortain at Middleton, roughly five }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 from either. }{\insrsid12807907 Dr}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Williams, wh
o identified these men 'with varying degrees of probability', provides further supporting arguments and a list of their manors: 'The king's nephew', 341-43. She does not include the Berkshire manors.}{\insrsid12807907 
 If these identifications are valid, the brothers just fail to qualify for inclusion in Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10573664 English nobility}{\insrsid12807907 , though the addition of Harrowden, assigned by Dr Williams to Siward (}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5644807 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ) would change that.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SAEWULF <OF SHEINTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 The Saewulfs whose manors in Sheinton in Shropshire were acquired by Ralph of Mortimer are the same man, the manors being partial duplicates}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,11,1. 6,32}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. He has no links with other Saewulfs.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SAEWULF <OF SNELSTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 Saewulf, who held part of Snelston in Derbyshire acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9921947 Henry of Ferrers}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 6,53}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid9921947  is the only man of this name north of the Wash}{\insrsid12807907 . He has no links with other Saewulfs.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SALO <OF }{\insrsid12807907 BULKINGTON}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 The tenant of the Count of Meulan at Bulkington in Warwickshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 16,41}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 is probably the Salo whose manor of Bramcote was acquired by Earl Aubrey of Coucy before escheating to the Crown}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 14,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 , since the vills are adjacent and these are the only Sa
los in Domesday Book. If so, Salo had gone up in the world, his new manor being several times more valuable than the old. The Count's fief was a refuge for a number of other English survivors. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10117747 Salo }{\insrsid12807907 
is unidentified in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10117747  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10117747  (no. 28314).}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9921947 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par SAS}{\insrsid12807907 SELIN <OF LAYER>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907  Sasselin, who held a small fief in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 59,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is probably the Sasselin with a somewhat more substantial fief in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 57,1-6}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, these being the only Sasselins in Domesday Book. His origin is unknown, the name apparently a diminutive form of Saxo, though the form is unique: }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid14043856 Forssner, }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid14043856 
Continental-Germanic }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907 personal names}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid14043856 ,}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  p. 223. His principal manor - Layer - was acquired by Eudo the steward before 1120: Farrer, }{
\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid6488983 Honors}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 , iii. 166, 199-201; }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid6488983 Regesta}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 , ii. no. 1231. His}{\insrsid12807907  manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{
\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 812)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  417.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SASWALO.}{\insrsid12807907  Saswalo is an uncommon name which occurs thirteen times, distributed among eight counties and the lands of four tenants-in-chief; all Saswalos are post-Conquest landowners.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SASWALO [* OF BOUVILLE *]. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is uncommon, it is likely that the Saswalos who held Ilsley in Berkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 38,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and Rycote and 'also' Wendlebury in Oxfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 39,2-3}}}{\insrsid12807907  from Geoffrey de Mandeville, and who dispossessed Fairstead in Essex of fifteen acres which then 'lay in' the fief of Geoffrey de Mandeville}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
ESS 34,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 , are the same man, Saswalo of Bouville. His son William of Bouville (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9921947 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ) was Geoffrey's tenant in Suffolk. Saswalo is accorded his byname in a plea in the }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9921947 Inquisitio Eliensis}{\insrsid12807907  (ed. Hamilton, pp. 193-94) in relation to Hoo in Suffolk, where Wi
lliam was later recorded as taking land from Ely abbey. He may have come from Beuzeville in Upper Normandy (Seine-Maritime: arrondissement Dieppe). His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 1588)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 417}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SASWALO <OF BYTHAM>. }{\insrsid12807907 
Saswalo, who held Bytham in Lincolnshire from the abbey of Peterborough}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 8,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is possibly Saswalo of Ettington, a tenant of Henry of Ferrers whose}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13246084  }{
\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13246084  of lie to the north, south and west of Bytham}{\insrsid12807907 , though at some distance in each direction}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13246084 ; but there are no }{\insrsid12807907 links}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid13246084  }{\insrsid12807907 to confirm this}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13246084 .}{\insrsid12807907  Saswalo is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 33312).
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par SASWALO <OF }{\insrsid12807907 ETTINGTON}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is uncommon, the Saswalos who held Titchmarsh in Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 25,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Ettington in Warwickshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
WAR 19,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Hoon, Hatton and Etwall in Derbyshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 6,47;49;98}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and Witton with Winterton in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 21,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 from Henry of Ferrers are probably one man, ancestor of the Shirley family which, according to Round, has the 'all but unique' distinction of holding their principle manor - Ettington - from 1086 down to his own time: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Peerage and }{\i\insrsid12807907 p}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 edigree}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , i}{\insrsid12807907 i.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  48-49}{\insrsid12807907 . Saswalo's manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 3349)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  417.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SASWALO <OF NETHERFIELD>. }{\insrsid12807907 Saswalo, who held a virgate worth 15d in Netherfield Hundred in Sussex acquired by the Count of Eu}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 9,119}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has no links with other Saswalos. He}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10117747  }{\insrsid12807907 is unidentified in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10117747  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10117747  (no. 15919).}{
\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid947992 SAXFRITH. Saxfrith is an uncommon name which occurs }{\insrsid12807907 eighteen}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid947992  times, distributed among six}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  counties and the lands of the king and }{
\insrsid12807907 five}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  of his tenants-in-chief}{\insrsid12807907 ; seven manors are held by survivors.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SAXFRITH <OF }{\insrsid12807907 CATESBY}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 As the name is uncommon, it is probable that the Saxfrith who held Empingham, Catesby and A
ceshille in Northamptonshire from William Peverel}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 NTH 35,9-11}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  - said to be the same man in the text - is also the Saxfrith who held Ashby in Leicestershire}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 LEC 25,5}}}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907  and two manors in Old Basford in Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 NTT 10,22;51}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  from William. Saxfri
th's descendants gave land to religious institutions in at least one of these vills in each county: Farrer, }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid3888734 Honors}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 , i. 168-71, 219-20. }{\insrsid12807907 His manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 3706)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  417.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par SAXFRITH <OF CLAPCOT>. }{\insrsid12807907 Saxfrith, whose valuable manor of Clapcot in Berkshire was acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10573664 Miles Crispin}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 33,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is one of two pre-Conquest 
lords of that name, the other being Saxfrith the deacon in Yorkshire. There are no links between them or the tenant of William of Peverel in the Midlands.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SAXFRITH <OF HINSTOCK>. }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 As the name is uncommon, it is very probable that the tenants of William Pandolf in the adjacent vills of Hinstock and Colehurst in Shropshire}{
\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 
\tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 SHR 4,14,14-15}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  are the same Saxfrith. There 
is nothing to suggest his identity with the other survivor in the Midlands, Saxfrith of Catesby; and what is known of the descent of the manors of that Saxfrith suggests otherwise. When next noticed in the mid-thirteenth century, Hinstock was held by the 
le Botiler family: Eyton, }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid2836106 Antiquities of Shropshire}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 , viii. 20-24. Saxfrith's }{\insrsid12807907 manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 9393)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  417.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SAXFRITH [* THE DEACON *]. }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 As the name is uncommon, it is likely that the Saxfriths whose lands in Yorkshire were acquired by the Canons of York}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 YKS 2N26-30}}}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907  are Saxfrith the deacon, named as their predecessor at Rawcliffe and Wigginton. He may also be the one other Saxfrith in the county, who held Huby before the Conquest}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 YKS 29N13}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
, Huby being in the same wapentake as the other vills, five miles from the nearest of them. If so, he survived the Conquest, retaining Huby, the one manor which had some value - three shillings - albeit slight. }{\insrsid12807907 He is unidentified in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 38405).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par SAXI}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13718544 .}{\insrsid12807907  Saxi is a fairly common name }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2513720 which }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 occurs }{\insrsid12807907 more than fifty}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 
 times, distributed among }{\insrsid12807907 a dozen counties south of the Wash and the lands of the king
 and twenty of his tenants-in-chief, with significant concentrations in Suffolk and to a lesser extent in Hampshire and Warwickshire. There are no surviving Saxis.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SAXI <OF AYLESTONE>. }{\insrsid12807907 
Although Saxi is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13569439  }{\insrsid12807907 a fairly }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13569439 common}{\insrsid12807907  name}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13569439 , its distribution in the }{\insrsid12807907 central }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid13569439 Midlands is skewed, every }{\insrsid12807907 manor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13569439  in Leicestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 9,1}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10189662 -5. 44,8;10}}}{
\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13569439 and }{\insrsid12807907 all but one of those in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13569439 Warwickshire devolving upon the }{\insrsid12807907 C}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13569439 ount of Meulan}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
WAR 16,9;12;15;28;38-}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10189662 40;43}}}{\insrsid12807907 , who almost certainly had just the one predecessor of this name}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13569439 . The exception}{\insrsid12807907 , Bramcote in Warwickshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
WAR 44,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13569439  is surrounded by the Meulan }{\insrsid12807907 manors, one of them - Weston}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 16,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 - lying in Bramcote parish, suggesting that this too was held by the Count's predecessor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13569439 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SAXI <OF CLATFORD>. }{\insrsid12807907 
It is likely that all Saxis of Berkshire and Hampshire are one man, lord of the very valuable (\'a320) royal manor of Clatford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 1,25}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and five valuable manors, three of them royal, all }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 held directly from }{\insrsid12807907 King Edward}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 50,1. 61,1. BRK 1,17-18;46}}}{\insrsid12807907 . T}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 he }{\insrsid12807907 one other manor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 , }{\insrsid12807907 at }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 Empshott}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 62,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 though modest, was shared with another magnate, Bondi the constable. }{\insrsid12807907 No other Saxi held land south of the Thames. H}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 is }{\insrsid12807907 nearest}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  namesake, the royal thane or }{\insrsid12807907 Guard}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  holding valuable manors in Buckinghamshire, Cambridgeshire, and Hertfordshire some }{\insrsid12807907 forty}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  miles away}{\insrsid12807907 , is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  }{\insrsid12807907 possibly}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  the same man}{\insrsid12807907 
, though he is here treated as another individual in the absence of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  tenurial or other }{\insrsid12807907 links. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 A list of }{\insrsid12807907 Saxi's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 
 manor}{\insrsid12807907 s is given by Clarke}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 , }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11564255 English nobility}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 , p. 337, }{\insrsid12807907 which does not include}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  Empshott}{\insrsid12807907 . Dr Clarke ranks him sixty-seventh in wealth among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 untitled laymen; the addition of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 Empshott }{
\insrsid12807907 would not affect this.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid5582764 
SCROTI <OF HILLMORTON>. The name Scroti occurs three times, all in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13569439  Warwickshire }{\insrsid12807907 in 1066}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 16,35-36. 37,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, almost certainly all borne by one man}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13569439 . }{\insrsid12807907 
Two of his manors, acquired by the Count of Meulan, are in the same vill of Hillmorton, and he shared the third, held by Osbern son of Richard in 1086, with a Merewin who held land alongside him in Hillmorton, the only occurrences of Merewin in Warwickshi
re.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SERLO. }{\insrsid12807907 
Serlo is a fairly common name which occurs on two fiefs and some thirty manors, distributed among seven
 counties and the lands of the king and eleven of his tenants-in-chief, with clusters in Essex and the south-west, notably in Somerset; all Serlos are post-Conquest landowners.
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SERLO [* BLUND *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Serlo, who held Glapwell in Derbyshire from William Peverel}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 7,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, may be Serlo Blund, who donated tithes in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2576459 Torp}{\insrsid12807907  to the Peverel foundation of Lenton priory. The descent of the manor suggests that he is also the Serlo who held Ashover from Ralph son of Hubert}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
DBY 10,9}}}{\insrsid12807907 , both subsequently held by the Pleseley family: Farrer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid884652 Honors}{\insrsid12807907 , i. 173-75. There are no other Serlos in the county; and neither William or Ralph had oth
ers on their Honours. Serlo's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 2983)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  419.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SERLO [* OF BURCY *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 tenant of Glastonbury abbey at Damerham in Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 7,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 may be Serlo of Burcy, tenant of the abbey on five manors in Somerset according to }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid811001 Exon}{\i\insrsid12807907 .}{\cs23\i\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 8,17;20-21;28;30}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. He is possibly also the Serlo who held Netherbury in Dorset from the bishop of Salisbury}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 3,11}}}{\insrsid12807907 , though this cannot verified, 'c
onsiderable obscurity' surrounding the devolution of his manors: Round, 'Domesday survey of Somerset', p. 414. Serlo was a tenant-in-chief in Dorset, Somerset and Wiltshire, and tenant of the bishop of Wells as well as Glastonbury abbey. No other Serlo he
ld land within two hundred miles. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 603)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  418.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SERLO <OF }{\insrsid12807907 WYMESWOLD}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 The Serlos who held Kirby Muxloe and Wymeswold in Leicestershire from Hugh of Grandmesnil are probably one man}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
LEC 13,42;63}}}{\insrsid12807907 . There are no other Serlos on Hugh's Honour or in Leicestershire and the seven adjacent counties, other than Serlo Blund in Derbyshire. Serlo is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907  (nos. 26310, 26335).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \cbpat8 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SHEERWOLD <OF }{\insrsid12807907 GOTHERS}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 
All fourteen Sheerwolds recorded in Domesday Book or }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9794839 Exon}{\insrsid12807907 . may be one man, his name occurring only in the six adjacent coun
ties between Cornwall and Gloucestershire. He was both tenant and predecessor of the Count of Mortain at Gothers in Cornwall}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 5,24,10}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, and the Count's predecessor at 'Wey' and Creech in Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 26,14;54}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Cricket St Thomas in Somerset, his one valuable manor}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 19,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. He was also tenant of the bishop of Coutances at Rode in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 5,54}}}{\insrsid12807907  and his predecessor at Cameley and Hallatrow}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 5,62;65}}}{\insrsid12807907  according to }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6717044 Exon.}{\insrsid12807907 . }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6717044 Exon.}{\insrsid12807907  also records a Sheerwold holding from Glastonbury abbey at Butleigh and Pilton in 1066}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 8,18;20}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, which lie between Cricket and Rode, while Sheerwold's manor of Leigh}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 25,5}}}{\insrsid12807907 , acquired by William of Mohun, is adjacent to his manor of Cricket St Thomas. }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 Of}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid1921035  the remaining }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 manors, Hillersdon and Poltimore in Devon}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 DEV 42,18. 50,1}}}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907  lie between Gothers and Cricket; and the distance between Rode and Culkerton in Gloucestershire}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 GLS 31,10}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
 is a fraction of that from Gothers to Rode; Somerford in Wiltshire}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 WIL 24,20}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
 lay between them. In another context, this distribution might have little or no significance; but as the name is restricted to the area, geographical factors may indicate that these manors, too, were held by the same Sheerwold. Von Feilitzen suggested th
at all but the Gloucestershire Sheerwold may be the minster who occurs in three charters from the 1020s and 1030s concerning land in Dorset and Somerset: }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid12407013 Pre-Conquest personal names}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
, p. 356; }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Sawyer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Anglo-Saxon charters}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , no}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
969, 975, 979. Though he lost most of his land, Sheerwold was a little more fortunate than many of his peers, holding roughly a fifth in 1086 of what he had twenty years previously. His }{\insrsid12807907 manor at Gothers is}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 249)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1921035 421}{\insrsid12807907 ; the tenant at Rode is unidentified (no. 14479)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1921035 .}{
\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SIBOLD }{\insrsid12807907 <}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OF LOWICK}{\insrsid12807907 >}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . The name Sibold occurs only once, as a tenant-in-chief }{\insrsid12807907 with}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  a small }{\insrsid12807907 manor at Lowick in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Northamptonshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NTH 51,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 His manor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 is recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 6548)}
{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 419.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 SI}{\insrsid12807907 FRITH}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 . }{\insrsid12807907 Sifrith is a}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  }{\insrsid12807907 rare}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  name}{\insrsid12807907  }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2513720 which }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 occurs }{\insrsid12807907 six or seven}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  times, distributed among }{\insrsid12807907 five}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 
 counties and the lands of }{\insrsid12807907 four or five}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  tenants-in-chief}{\insrsid12807907 
; three manors were held by survivors. It has been suggested that the Siferth at Harrowden may be a scribal error for Siward brother of Saewulf (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5322058 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ).}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2239997 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 SI}{\insrsid12807907 FRITH [* THE REEVE *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 . }{\insrsid12807907 
As the name is rare, it is very probable that the Siferth who held the consecutive manors of Haslingfield and Harlton in 'Wetherley' Hundred in Cambridgeshire from Picot the sheriff is the reeve of that Hundred named in the }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis}{\insrsid12807907  and }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6126100 Inquisitio Eliensis}{\insrsid12807907 
 (ed. Hamilton, pp. 68, 99). It is possible he is the one other such survivor, at Clifton }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5322058 Reynes}{\insrsid12807907  in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 18,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, but there are no links to confirm an identification; the vills are thirty-five miles apart.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5322058 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2239997 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 SIGAR. If the tenant-in-chief Sigar of Chocques is excluded, Sigar is an uncommon name}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2513720 which }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 occurs approximately }{
\insrsid12807907 - there are ambiguities - }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 twenty times, distributed among seven counties and the lands of the king and ten of his tenants-in-chief}{\insrsid12807907 . With a single exception, the 
name is confined to eastern England, with one large cluster in Cambridgeshire, where the only survivor (or survivors) is also the most substantial landowner before the Conquest. Though considered separate names by von Feilitzen, tenurial and other linkage
s suggest that }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 Sagar}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 Sidgar}{\insrsid12807907  and }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 Suthgar}{\insrsid12807907  are probably variants of Sigar: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12721020 Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 352-53, 359-60.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2239997 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par SIGAR}{\insrsid12807907  <OF ABINGTON>. The status of the Freeman }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 Sagar}{\insrsid12807907  who held a half-virgate under Picot the sheriff at Abington in Cambridgeshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 1,16. 29,12}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 suggests he is unlikely to be the same man as Sigar the steward, though the name-form is probably a variant of Sigar. His subtenancy is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 1653)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  416.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2239997 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SIGAR }{\insrsid12807907 ^[}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OF CHOCQUES]}{\insrsid12807907 ^}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 The Sigar named at Hatley St George in Cambridgeshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
CAM 32,25}}}{\insrsid12807907  is identified as Sigar of Chocques by the reference to his manor of Rushden in Hertfordshire. He was a tenant-in-chief in Hertfordshire and in three other counties. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{
\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 615)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  419-20.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2239997 SIGAR}{\insrsid12807907  <OF CLYFFE>. Sigar, whose share in the modest manor of Clyffe Pypard in Wiltshire was acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 Alfred of Marlborough}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 
WIL 26,17}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is the only Sigar in the west of England in 1066; he is unlikely to be related to his namesakes elsewhere.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2239997 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par SIGAR}{\insrsid12807907  <OF CORRINGHAM>. Sigar, whose substantial manor of Corringham in Essex was acquired by the bishop of London}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 4,9}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has a very slight association with the Lincolnshire Sigar, a predecessor of the Bishop of Bayeux, the bishop holding a hide in Corringham. Bishop O
do, however, held several manors in the same Hundred as a tenant-in-chief, so the association may be coincidental. It may also be coincidental that the one other Sigar with a substantial manor in Little Domesday, at Hockering in Essex, was a predecessor o
f Ralph of Beaufour, who may be related to the bishop of London - William of Beaufour - though the nature of the relationship is unknown. The association is suggestive but perhaps not sufficient for an identification.
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2239997 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par SIGAR}{\insrsid12807907  <OF HEALING>. The Sigars whose manors of Keelby and Healing in Lincolnshire were acquired by the bishop of Bayeux}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 4,28-33}}}{\insrsid12807907  are almost certai
nly one man, the only Sigar in the county or, indeed, in England north of the Wash. Bishop Odo has a slight association with the Sigar in Essex, but this is likely to be coincidental.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2239997 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par SIGAR}{\insrsid12807907  <OF HOCKERING>. Sigar, whose substantial manor of Hockering in Norfolk was acquired by Ralph of Beaufour}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 NFK 20,14}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , is just possibly the same man as the predecessor of the bish
op of London at Corringham in Essex. These are the only Sigars with substantial manors in Little Domesday Book and the two tenants-in-chief may be related, the bishop being William of Beaufour. The nature of the relationship of Ralph and William is, howev
er, unknown so the strength of the association cannot be gauged and is perhaps insufficient for an identification.
\par 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2239997 .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SIGAR <OF SIBERTSWOLD>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is uncommon, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 it is probable that the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Sigar}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who}{
\insrsid12807907  held}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 a}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  prebend at St Margaret's as a Canon of St Martin's}{\insrsid12807907  of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Dover before the Conquest and }{
\insrsid12807907 land in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Sibertswold }{\insrsid12807907 in 1086 previously }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 held by his father in prebend, is }{\insrsid12807907 one}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  man}{
\insrsid12807907  and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 the same }{\insrsid12807907 man as}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Suthgar}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  recorded at St Margaret's in the }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Excepta}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  of St Augustine's (Ballard, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5915518 An eleventh-century inquisition}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 27-28)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and the }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Sidgar}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held Newington, acquired by Albert the chaplain}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN M10-11;20. 13,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
. The latter forms are otherwise unknown}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the shared ecclesiastical context suggest}{\insrsid12807907 ing}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  they may be scribal errors for Sigar}{\insrsid12807907 : }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid15150746 von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid12807907 Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . 35}{\insrsid12807907 8-59}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{
\insrsid12807907  Sigar's tenancy is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 9300)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{
\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 420.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12940763 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2239997 SIGAR}{\insrsid12807907 
 <OF WHITTON>. The free man Sigar - one of thirty - who held a fragment of the manor of Whitton in Suffolk in 1086 among the vavassors of the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 74,13}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 is unlikely to be related to any of his namesakes, all distant and more substantial.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2239997 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2239997 SIGAR}{\insrsid12807907  [* THE STEWARD *]. It is almost certain that the Sigars who preceded }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 Geoffrey de Mandeville}{\insrsid12807907  on six manors in Cambridgeshire are the steward of Esger the constable, named as such in the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis}{
\insrsid12807907  (ed. Hamilton, p. 39) on the first of these manors, at Sawston}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 22,2-4;8-10}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. On four of the other five manors he survived for two decades, the only Sigar in the country to do so apart from one Freeman; Thriplow and Foxton lie in the Hundred of Thriplow where Sigar the steward is named as an English juror}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
CAM 22,3-4}}}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 Inquisitio }{\insrsid12807907 
(ed. Hamilton, pp. 43, 98). The circumstantial evidence for his identity could not be much stronger. Probably, though less certainly, he is also the Sigar whose manors of Fulbourn}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 35,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Caldecote}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
CAM 39,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  were acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 John son of Waleran}{\insrsid12807907  and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 David of Argentan}{\insrsid12807907 , and the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 Sagar}{
\insrsid12807907  succeeded by Robert son of Fafiton at Dry Drayton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 38,5}}}{\insrsid12807907 . }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 Sagar}{\insrsid12807907 
 was a man of Earl Waltheof, as was David's predecessor Caldecote, an
d both Drayton and Fulbourn are substantial manors, comparable to several of those held by the steward. These characteristics, plus the comparative isolation of the Cambridgeshire Sigars, suggest they are all the same man, with the possible exception of t
he Freeman at Abington: Lewis, 'Domesday jurors', p. 43. Sigar's tenancies }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 224)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  419.}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2239997 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6753657 SIGMUND. Sigmund is a rare }{\insrsid12807907 name which occurs}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6753657  }{\insrsid12807907 ten times, distributed among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6753657  }{\insrsid12807907 five}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid6753657  counties}{\insrsid12807907  and the lands of five tenants-in-}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6753657 chief}{\insrsid12807907 ; three Sigmunds are pre-Conquest landowners, the remainder post-Conquest}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid6753657 .}{\insrsid12807907  The post-Conquest name is sometimes translated as Simon, but }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13054585 Simon}{\insrsid12807907  and }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13054585 Simund}{\insrsid12807907 
 occur at both dates.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13054585 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SIGMUND }{\insrsid12807907 <OF HANTHORPE>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, the Sigmunds who held Hanthorpe and Timberland in Lincolnshire from Heppo the bowman}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
LIN 61,4;7}}}{\insrsid12807907  are very probably one man, one of two post-Conquest Sigmunds. It is possible he is the same man as the other post-Conquest Sigmund, Sigmund of Rockland, but there are no links to support an identification. His manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 9183)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  420.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SIGMUND }{\insrsid12807907 <OF ROCKLAND>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, the Sigmunds who held land at Peyton in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 22,10}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and at Barwick, Feltwell, Methwold and Houghton in Norfolk from William of Warenne}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 8,33;37-38;108}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are very probably one man. There are no other Sigmunds in either county or elsewhere on the Warenne Honour. It is possible he is the same man as the one other post-Conquest Sigmund, Sigmund of Hanthorpe, but there are no links to support an identificatio
n. His manors are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 1857)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 
referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  420.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SIGMUND [* THE DANE *]. }{\insrsid12807907 T
he Sigmunds who held Crowle in Worcestershire from the bishop and Shelsley from Osbern son of Richard are almost certainly Sigmund the Dane, who held land from the church of Worcester in both vills according to }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6753657 Hemming}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
WOR 2,78. 19,6}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6753657 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6753657 Hemingi cartularium}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6753657 , pp. 251, 264-65.}{\insrsid12807907  Hemming describes him as a }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6753657 miles}{
\insrsid12807907  of Earl Leofric of Mercia, and the Shelsley entry as a thane of Earl Edwin. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 He }{\insrsid12807907 held Wolverton}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  in Warwickshire}{\insrsid12807907 
, where his byname is recorded}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . He is the only pre-Conquest Sigmund.}{\insrsid12807907  See also Baxter, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12017903 Earls of Mercia}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 174, 176-77.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par [* ABBOT *] }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6753657 SI}{\insrsid12807907 HTRIC}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6753657 . }{\insrsid12807907 Sihtric, who held Illand in Cornwall before the Conquest}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15159499 CON 5,1,17}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , is probably the abbot of Tavistock, named in the previous entry. He is the only Sihtric in Domesday outside Suffolk.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par SIRED}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 
The name Sired occurs thirty times, distributed among nine counties and the lands of thirteen tenants-in-chief. Its distribution is skewed, all but one name occurring in south-east England, with a cluster in Kent and a smaller one in Buckinghamshire}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907  Three Sired's survived until 1086, all retaining their manors for two decades.
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par ................................................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SIRED [* OF CHILHAM *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Sired of Chilham, who had jurisdictional privileges in eastern Kent and in the city of Canterbury}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN D17. C6}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is certainly the Sired who held the very valuable (\'a340) manor of Chilham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 5,144}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and probably the Sired at Wickh
ambreux, Eastling, Luddenham and Pineham, all - like Chilham - acquired by the bishop of Bayeux, all valuable and all in eastern Kent}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10161438 5,124;159-160;174;214
}}}{\insrsid12807907 . The record of Sired's jurisdictional privileges appears to suggest that he was alive in 1086, though this may be a scribal idiosyncrasy; if he did survive, he lost all the land he held before the Conquest.
\par \tab Sired, canon of St Martin's, Dover, held several manors in the same area.}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907 They were valuable, in lay hands in 1086, and the bishop of Bayeux 
had an interest in one of them, though he was of course lord of the town and meddled freely in the affairs of St Martin's.}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907 
Sired the canon was alive in 1086 and, as noted above, so was Sired of Chilham according to a literal reading of the text. These are 
probably coincidences, though they possibly indicate that Sired of Chilham and Sired the canon are the same man; Dr Williams suggests the two Sireds are relatives: 'Lost worlds', pp. 61-62. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 A list of }{\insrsid12807907 
Sired of Chilham's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  manor}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 English }{\i\insrsid12807907 n}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 obility}{
\i\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 pp.}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid225041 337-38}{\insrsid12807907 , who ranks him fifty-seventh in wealth among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 
untitled laymen. He is listed as a landowner at Dover and identified as the tenant of the Canons of St Martin's at St Margaret's}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN M6}}}{\insrsid12807907  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 614) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9265289 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 421, the latter here identified as Sired the canon.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2494950 SIRED [* THE CANON *]. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Sired, }{\insrsid12807907 a}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  canon of St Martin's of Dover at Farthingloe }{\insrsid12807907 in 1066}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN M22}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ,}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 is }{\insrsid12807907 probably}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  the Sired who held a valuable manor at Charlton from the community}{
\insrsid12807907  at the same date}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN M3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , and possibly the}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 canon of St Paul's, London}{\insrsid12807907 
, who held two manors in Middlesex before the Conquest}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 Sired}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 had a son Deoring who also held a manor from St Martin's in 1066}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
KEN M19}}}{\insrsid12807907 .}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907 
By 1086, these manors were in lay hands; but Sired himself survived, in reduced circumstances, holding St Margaret's at Cliffe - previously held by his father - and a share in another unnamed holding of the community}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN M6. P1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. His manors in Kent lay within a few miles of one of those of the magnate Sired of Chilham, an odd coincidence in view of the distribution of the name. Dr Williams suggests that the two Sireds are relatives: 'Lost worlds', pp. 61-62. }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Sired}{\insrsid12807907 's tenancy from the canons at an unknown location}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4795202 KEN P1}}}{\insrsid12807907  is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 1925) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9265289 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 421; the other tenancy, at St Margaret's, is assigned to Sired of Chilham.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par SIWARD [* BARN *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Siward Barn was one of the most conspicuous of the rebels in the early years of the Conqueror's reign, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 imprisoned for his role in the revolts of 1069-71}{\insrsid12807907 , }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 released }{\insrsid12807907 by the Conqueror only on his death-bed according to John of Worcester: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8266913 Chronicle}{\insrsid12807907 
, iii. 46-47. He may subsequently have led an English contingent to aid the Byzantine empire: Godfrey, 'Defeated Anglo-Saxons', pp. 69-70. He cannot be identified holding land in 1086.
\par \tab Although his byname is recorded in only a handful of cases, the bulk of his estate can be reconstructed. He was the principal predecessor of Henry of Ferrers by a considerable margin, accorded his byname}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  on }{
\insrsid12807907 Henry's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  substantial manors }{\insrsid12807907 at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Lechlade in Gloucestershire, Gre}{\insrsid12807907 ndon in Warwickshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 and Whitton with Winterton in Lincolnshire. In Gloucestershire and Lincolnshire these were }{\insrsid12807907 Henry's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  only }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , which suggests }{\insrsid12807907 
he}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  acquired them }{\insrsid12807907 as the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  officially }{\insrsid12807907 designated}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 successor to Siward}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\insrsid12807907 also}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  implied by }{\insrsid12807907 his}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  claim }{\insrsid12807907 to Amcotts in Lincolnshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{
\insrsid12807907 because it was}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  held by Siward }{\insrsid12807907 Barn}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Henry's fiefs in Warwickshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 19,1-6}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 and Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 24,1-3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  may also have devolved upon him for the same reason}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  since Siward is the only pre-Conquest landowner named there}{\insrsid12807907 
, so}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  may have hel}{\insrsid12807907 d both fiefs in their entirety. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Elsewhere, the distribution of his name or status of his }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 tend to confirm }{\insrsid12807907 his identity. In Berkshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 three of the five Siwards are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  predecessor}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 of Henry of Ferrers}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the three }{\insrsid12807907 with the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 most substantial }{\insrsid12807907 manor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 s}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
BRK 21,5;11;18}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; and in Derbyshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  every }{\insrsid12807907 manor held by}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Siward }{\insrsid12807907 was acquired}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Henry}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 DBY 6,5;14-15;17;54;5}{\insrsid12807907 7;66;69-70;79;100}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Siward Barn }{\insrsid12807907 had}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 full jurisdictional and market rights in }{\insrsid12807907 both }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Lincolnshire and Nottinghamshire}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and }{\insrsid12807907 is named }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 as the predecessor of Geoffrey of la Guerche at Aldingfleet in Yorkshire and Haxey in Lincolnshire}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and of William of Ecouis at Sheringham and Salthouse in N
orfolk; neither }{\insrsid12807907 tenant-in-chief }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 had other predecessors named Siward. }{\insrsid12807907 As in Lincolnshire, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Siward}{\insrsid12807907 
 had full jurisdiction in his Norfolk holdings}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 1,149}}}{\insrsid12807907 .}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par \tab Henry of Ferrers had a predecessor named Siward at Stebbing in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 29,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , a valuable manor}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 presumably held by Siward Barn. This raises an interesting possibility. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 The}{\insrsid12807907  other half of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Stebbing, }{\insrsid12807907 an equally valuable manor, was }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 also held by a Siward before the Conquest. But this manor was acquired by Ranulf Peverel}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ESS 34,20}}}{
\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who had a well-documented predecessor}{\insrsid12807907  - }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Siward of Maldon}{\insrsid12807907  -}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 who is }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 presumably his predecessor }{\insrsid12807907 at Stebbing}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Were Siward Barn and Siward of Maldon the same }{\insrsid12807907 man}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
? Some support for the identification is provided by their relationship to Hereward the Wake. Siward Barn's participation in his revolt is well-documented, and Siward of Maldon is referred to in the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Liber Eliensis }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 (}{\insrsid12807907 ed. Blake, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 p. 291), in a context where its information appears credible, as a 'companion' of Hereward. }{\insrsid12807907 Dr }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Hart (}
{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Danelaw}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , p. 644) nevertheless reject}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 the identification on the grounds that Siward Barn was 'essentially a man of the north'. It seems unlikely}{\insrsid12807907 , however,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  that Hereward was supported by two Siwards, of }{\insrsid12807907 almost }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 equal wealth}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who divided an Essex }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 vill}{\insrsid12807907  equally }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
between them, only one of whom was noticed by the national chroniclers of the revolt. The alternative explanation }{\insrsid12807907 seems}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  more likely and would explain the }{\insrsid12807907 
prominence accorded to Siward Barn. The two Siwards are ranked by Dr Clarke seventeenth and twenty-first in wealth among untitled laymen; their combined resources would rank Siward Barn of Maldon fifth, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
a credible leader alongside Earls Edwin and Morcar}{\insrsid12807907  and Merleswein the sheriff}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .
\par \tab Most of the estates of Siward of Maldon are readily identifi}{\insrsid12807907 able}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 
He held four manors from Ranulf in Suffolk, on two of which his byname is supplied; of the twenty-three manors acquired by Ranulf }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 in Essex, }{\insrsid12807907 all but two were valuable or very valuable}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ESS }{\insrsid12807907 34,9-13;18-20;23;26;30-31;33;36}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , including Maldon itself. He is probably also the Siward who preceded Ranulf at Tollesbury and Rettendon}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
ESS 9,14. 10,3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Rettendon was held from the }{\insrsid12807907 abbey of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Ely, with which Siward had close associations}{\insrsid12807907 , holding}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 Kentwell in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 12,5}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , later in the hands of the brother of the }{\insrsid12807907 abbot of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Ely, and possibly Pettaugh also}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 16,39}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
; and he donated an elaborately ad}{\insrsid12807907 orned Gospel Book to the abbey: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Liber Eliensis}{\i\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8869617 (}{\insrsid12807907 ed. Blake, p. 291)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . He may therefore be the Siward who is described as the }{\insrsid12807907 abbot of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 Ely's man at Oakington and Toft in Cambridgeshire, and as holding under the abbot's jurisdiction in Oakington, though there described as Earl Waltheof's man}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 32,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 22;35. 43,1. 44,2}}
}{\insrsid12807907 :}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis}{\insrsid12807907  (ed. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Hamilton, }{\insrsid12807907 pp. 110,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  113). He is possibly also the Siward, man of Earl Harold, whose holdings at Hinxton and Childerley were acquired by the }{\insrsid12807907 bishop of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Lincoln}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 3,1;6}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . These are the only other Siward}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in the county, and Childerley is a few miles from Oakington. }{\insrsid12807907 I}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 n Essex, }{
\insrsid12807907 the remaining Siwards - }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 at Abberton}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Emanuel Wood }{\insrsid12807907 and Fryerning}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ESS 20,20. 21,10}{
\insrsid12807907 . }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11142780 32,30}}}{\insrsid12807907  -}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  may also be }{\insrsid12807907 Siward of Maldon}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  since Ranulf Peverel held land in the }{
\insrsid12807907 first of these}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  vill}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and Siward}{\insrsid12807907  of Maldon}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in the same Hundred}{\insrsid12807907 
 as the other two.
\par \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 English nobility}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , pp. 338-39, 341-42}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and Hart, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Danelaw}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , pp. 640-47, list separately the }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  they attribute to Siward Barn and Siward of Maldon. }{\insrsid12807907 Dr }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Hart's lists include a few small holdings omitted by }{\insrsid12807907 Dr Clarke }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 plus all the properties attributed to Siward Barn of Maldon in this note}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  apart from Rettendon and Pettaugh. Additionally, }{\insrsid12807907 Dr }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Hart suggests that Siward Barn held the manors of Henry of Ferrers in Nottinghamshire and Warwickshire for 
which no pre-Conquest landowner is recorded}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and three of the four }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  of an unidentified Siward in Gloucestershire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
GLS 41,2. 48,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . The valuable Gloucestershire }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  evidently belonged to a significant landowner, }{\insrsid12807907 possibly}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 Siward Barn}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  though Siward the fat}{\insrsid12807907  is perhaps more likely}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
 Dr Hart estimates Siward's assessed holdings at 205 hides/carucates, 167 without the Gloucestershire manors, the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5638750 Statistics}{\insrsid12807907 
 database total if those attributed to Siward of Maldon are excluded; Dr Williams estimates 109, apparently excluding Stebbing and the Berkshire manors (which account for the difference): }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4204244 
English and the Norman Conquest}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 34.
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 SIWARD [* BROTHER OF SAEWULF *]. Siward and his brother Saewulf are recorded as predecessors of Giles brother of Ansculf at Datchet in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 51,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
; and since Giles acquired his whole fief there from a Siward}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 
{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 BUK 51,}{\insrsid12807907 2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 or Saewulf, it is probable they are the brothers in each case, though variously described as men of earls Harold, Leofwin and Ralph. Giles also acquired three of his manors in Northamptonshire from a Siward}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 43,1;3-4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, and three of his four manors in Berkshire from a Siward}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 34,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 or Saewulf, the pre-Conquest lords of the fourth manor being anonymous. Apart from Siward Barn, there is only one other man of either name among the Berkshire landowners. If these identifications are correct, the brothers provided roughly 60% of Giles' H
onour, over 75% if anonymous landowners are excluded. They were evidently his designated predecessors. Interestingly, the only other individual who contributed a significant portion of the Honour, Leofric of Moreton (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ), shared Wappenham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 43,4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  with Siward and }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  elsewhere associated with Saewulf. Perhaps he }{\insrsid12807907 is}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  another relative.
\par \tab The Count of Mortain also had predecessors named Siward and Saewulf in two of these three counties}{\insrsid12807907 , Siward holding}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Amersham and Burston in Buckinghamshi}{\insrsid12807907 re}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
BUK 12,4;13}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and Irchester and Holdenby in Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 18,81;86;92}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . At Burston, Siward is described as a man of Earl Harold, and }{\insrsid12807907 
he shared Irchester}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  with Countess Gytha, husband of the Ralph who was }{\insrsid12807907 his brother's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  overlord in Buckinghamshire.}{\insrsid12807907  He is probably the }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Siward whose }{\insrsid12807907 man Alwynn}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  held land at Burston}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 14,18. 35,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 , where}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  he had a demesne manor in the vill. The fact that almost every Saewulf and Siward in the three counties apart from Siward Barn may be linked to just one of two tenants-in-chief or the
ir manors suggests the identifications are fairly secure. }{\insrsid12807907 Dr}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 Williams, who identified these men 'with varying degrees of probability', provides further supporting arguments and a list of their manors: 'The king's nephew', 341-43. She does not include the Berkshire manors but adds Harrowden}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NTH 4,7}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , not included here because the name-form - }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Siuerd}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  - represents Siferth: von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 360.}{\insrsid12807907  If these identifications are valid, the brothers just fail to qualify for inclusion in Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10573664 English nobility}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid10573664 ; the addition of Harrowden}{\insrsid12807907  would change that.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par SIWARD [* FATHER OF AKI *]. Siward, predecessor of Robert the bursar in Lincolnshire, is almost certainly the father of Aki and Wiglac who had '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6962852 who had full jurisdiction and market rights}{\insrsid12807907 
' in the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN T5}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Apart from one manor, Siward, Aki and Wiglac provided the entire fief of Robert the bursar in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 38,1-13}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, Siward himself holding Scrivelsby, Tathwell and Haltham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 38,3-6}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6710811 ;7;12}}}{\insrsid12807907 . As Wiglac is a rare name, Siward is probably the father who shared Ludford with him. Ludford was acquired b
y William of Percy, so Aki's father is perhaps also Percy's predecessor at Stainfield}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 22,16;22}}}{\insrsid12807907 . It is likely, too, that he is the predecessor of Gilbert of Ghent at West Ashby and Driby}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
LIN 24,72-73}}}{\insrsid12807907 , valuable manors a few miles from several more 
of Siward's manors. Neither William or Gilbert had other Siwards on their extensive Honours. It is also likely he is the Siward who held Fulletby and its dependencies from the bishop of Durham before the Conquest}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 3,53-54}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, three and five miles respectively from West Ashby and Driby, and perhaps also Snarford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 3,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, the one other Siward on the bishop's Honour. Many of these manors are valuable, or fairly so; and apart from Snarford, all lay in the South Riding of Lindsey, as do all the manors of Siward's sons.
\par \tab Two other tenants-in-chief acquired manors in the Riding from a Siward who may be Aki's father: William Blunt at Withcall}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 49,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and Roger of Poitou at 'South Cadeby'}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 16,36-38}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Withcall is four miles from Tathwell; a dependency o
f Cadeby is six from Ludford, Cadeby and its dependencies lying between two groups of Siward's other manors; and Withcall and Cadeby are shared with a Godric. Neither tenant-in-chief had other Siwards on their Honours. Several more tenants-in-chief acquir
e
d manors from a Siward in the South Riding - Count Alan of Brittany, Ivo Tallboys, Alfred of Lincoln - but they also had Siwards among their predecessors elsewhere in Lincolnshire and outside the county so these Siwards may not be Aki's father. If all or 
most of these identifications are correct, the family held land worth almost \'a350. If included in Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2630730 English nobility}{\insrsid12807907 , the family would rank among the eighty wealthiest untitled laymen in 1066
}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6710811 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SIWARD }{\insrsid12807907 <}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OF HEMINGTON}{\insrsid12807907 >}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 
Siward is an uncommon name in the five south-western counties of circuit two, where almost half the manors held by a Siward before the Conquest, and all but one of those worth more than \'a3
2, devolved upon Baldwin the sheriff. In Devon, Chawleigh and Holcombe are particularly valuable}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 16,43;76}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, while three of the other four manors are fairly close to Chawleigh and very close to each other, only Wolborough lying in another part of the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 16,143-144;148;163}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. In Dorset, Baldwin was preceded on the valuable manor Iwerne Courtney}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 42,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  by the only Siward in the county, on Baldwin's only manor in the county, presumably therefore acquired 
by antecession. The one valuable manor held by Siward in Somerset devolved upon Baldwin}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 20,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , one of only three he held there. It appears that Siward was a designated predecessor. }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 A list of }{\insrsid12807907 Siward's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  manor}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 English }{\i\insrsid12807907 n}
{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 obility}{\i\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907 p. 342}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 , }{\insrsid12807907 which}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  }{\insrsid12807907 
does not include Holcombe (seemingly included in the value of Hemington) or Iwerne Courtney. Dr Clarke ranks him eighty-third in wealth among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 
untitled laymen; the addition of Iwerne would raise him roughly twenty places.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SIWARD <OF THISTLETON>. Siward is a common name, particularly in Lincolnshire. Even so, it is likely that most if not all the ten Siward}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 
who preceded}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Alfred of Lincoln }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  one }{\insrsid12807907 man}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , perhaps a designated predecessor. Three }{\insrsid12807907 manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 lay in Thistleton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab RUT 2a,9. LIN 27,47-48}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , and }{\insrsid12807907 three}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  others }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 linked by manorial ties or proximity}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LIN 27,4}{\insrsid12807907 2-4}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 3;4}{\insrsid12807907 9}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
. If Alfred did in fact have two predecessors of the same name }{\insrsid12807907 in the same county }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 - more than two }{\insrsid12807907 seems}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 improbable - then the Siward at Goxhill is the most likely second predecessor, being the most remote}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 27,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Of the remaining holdings, Stixwould l
ay between those grouped around Thistleton and the pair near the coast, at Huttoft and Theddlethorpe}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 27,19;61-62}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . The Siward who held these is probably the Siward with }{\insrsid12807907 a second}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  holding in Huttoft}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 68,14. CS16-17}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Siward }{\insrsid12807907 of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Stixwould retained }{\insrsid12807907 his}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  land }{\insrsid12807907 for two decades}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  so may be the Siward Buss with a claim against Alfred of Lincoln}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN CS9}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{
\insrsid12807907 He is }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (34085}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ).}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SIWARD [* THE FALCONER *]. Siward, tenant of Glastonbury }{\insrsid12807907 abbey}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  at Dinnington in Somerset in 1086, is probably Siward the falconer}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 the royal thane }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 who held land in the same vill }{\insrsid12807907 according to }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10109519 Exon}{\insrsid12807907 .}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SOM 8,36.}{\insrsid12807907  47,10}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 He}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  is probably also the }{\insrsid12807907 Siward}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 at Seavington}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 47,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  two miles away}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  later held by a William the falconer: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VCH Somerset}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , iv. 148, 205. It is also possible that Siward the falconer is the same man as Siward }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Guntram}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  of Adber, }{\insrsid12807907 another}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  royal thane }{\insrsid12807907 named in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10109519 Exon}{\insrsid12807907 .}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 47,11}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
. Finally, it is not improbable that Siward the falconer and Siward the hunter are one }{\insrsid12807907 man}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Siward, described as the hunter, held land at Micheldever in Hampshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 6,16}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and Chadlington in Oxfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 58,23}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , in the latter case among t
he royal officials of the county. In both cases, Siward had held the same land in 1066, as had Siward }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Guntram}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 and possibly Siward at Seavington, where no pre-Conquest holder is named. These are uncommon characteristics, though Siward is }{\insrsid12807907 a }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 common}{\insrsid12807907  name}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Howe
ver, in default of a }{\insrsid12807907 specific}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  link, the hunter and falconer are treated here as }{\insrsid12807907 different men}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Siward the hunter is recorded in 
}{\i\insrsid12807907 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 1802)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
, p.}{\insrsid12807907  421; the other Siwards are unidentified (nos. 14661, 15289, 15298-99).
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SIWARD [* THE FAT *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Siward, 'thane and kinsman of King Edward'}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9502898 HEF 1,41}{
\insrsid12807907 . WOR X2}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is identified by Orderic Vital
is (ii. 194-95; iii. 142-43) as Siward son of Aethelgar, brother of Aldred, great-nephew of King Edward, and original patron of Shrewsbury abbey, a detail which identifies him as Siward the fat (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9502898 Grossus}{
\insrsid12807907 ), credited by the abbey with promoting its foundation: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Cartulary of Shrewsbury }{\i\insrsid12807907 abbey}{\insrsid12807907 
, i. 1-5. In return for the land on which the abbey was built, he was granted Cheney Longville, which he held in 1066 and 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,27,32}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. He is probably also the Siward who retained Frodesley, Overs, Neen Sollars and Milson between those dates}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,27,11;14. 5,8-9}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. He held Neen Sollars and Milson as a tenant of Osbern son of Richard, so may be the Saeward from whom Osbern acquired the adjacent vill of Tetstill}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 5,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Similar scribal errors may reasonably be suspected at Stanton and Cleobury (below).
\par \tab Dr Williams has identified many of Siward's manors 'with reasonable certainty' from his patronage of Shrewsbury abbey and his relationship with his brother, Aldred: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4204244 English and the Norman Conquest}{
\insrsid12807907 , pp. 92-96. The sheriff Reginald of Balliol acquired the substantial manor of Upton Magna}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,3,24}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, whose tithes had belonged to the abbey, from a Siward who is almost certainly Aethelgar's son. The other twelve manors acquired by the sheriff from Siward}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,3,1;23}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9502898 
;33-34;38;41;43;51-53;57;59}}}{\insrsid12807907  - thirteen if the Saeward at Stanton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,3,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 is a scribal error - are likely to have been his, too. Reginald also obtained Longnor from an Aldred, in all likelihood Siward's br
other. The significance of the family connection is more apparent on the fief which Roger of Lacy held from the king, derived in its entirety from Siward and Aldred if the Saeward at Cleobury}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 7,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 is a scribal error, as seems likely}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 7,1-6}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Siward was also }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 a }{\insrsid12807907 Lacy }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 tenant at Waters Upton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,8,9}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Ralph of Mortimer acquired manors from Aldred and Siward, too, and also from Shrewsbury abbey}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 6,1;5;17-18}}}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par \tab Dr Clarke suggests that all but three of the remaining Siwards in the county ar
e the son of Aethelgar, which is not implausible given that the four adjacent counties contain only five more Siwards between them. As Siward was a tenant of Earl Roger at Frodesley, Overs and Cheney Longville, he may have preceded him on a second manor i
n Overs}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,1,34}}}{\insrsid12807907  and at Eyton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,27,16}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and likely that he did so at Montgomery and Weston}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,1,35-36}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, whose scale suggests a major landowner. His manor at Grinshill}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,16,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  is about a mile from Reginald's manor of Acton Reynald, and Fenemere}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,28,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 two from Myddle and also two from Walford, where Siward preceded Robert the butler}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,6,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; while among the Corbet holdings, Ratlinghope}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,5,2}}}{\insrsid12807907  is adjacent to Overs, Brompton
}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SHR 4,5,5}}}{\insrsid12807907  roughly midway between }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3882894 Upton Magna and Frodesley, Leighton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,4,22}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3882894 
 a mile from Trelystan, and Winsley and Bausley four to five miles from Eyton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3882894 SHR 4,4,5;8}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3882894 . Similarly, the Helgot manors of Bouldon and}{
\insrsid12807907  Oxenbold}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,21,4;18}}}{\insrsid12807907  lay between Siward's manors at Frodesley and Neen Sollars. Finally, the Siward who preceded Earl Roger on his valuable manor of Poulton in Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 21,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 is probably Siward the fat. This is one of only three manors in the earl's fief, and the most valuable. The other two, moreover, can be accounted for by his succession to all the manors of the thane Osmund of Eaton (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12611456 
q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ), so Earl Roger acquired his Wiltshire fief as the official successor of the two pre-Conquest lords concerned. Poulton is also the only valuable manor in the 
south-west which cannot plausibly be attributed to Siward of Hemington. Though he retained only a fragment of his extensive estate, with half-a-dozen modest tenancies from the earl, his sheriff, and Osbern son of Richard, Siward the fat was one of the mor
e fortunate magnate survivors.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \cbpat8 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 \tab A list of his manors is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 English nobility, }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 pp. 339-40, which does not include}{\insrsid12807907  one}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  holding }{\insrsid12807907 in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Overs, and Waters Upton}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Neen Sollars and Poulton. }{\insrsid12807907 Dr Clarke }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ranks Siward forty-ninth in wealth among untitled layme
n; the addition of Poulton would raise him half-a-dozen places. The post-Conquest tenancies are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 3018) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 421, apart from Waters Upton, whose tenant is unidentified (no. 30893).}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SIWARD [* THE PRIEST *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Siwards who held the consecutive manors of}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Osgodby and Cuxwold }{\insrsid12807907 in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 68,43-44}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{
\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  probably Siward the pr}{\insrsid12807907 iest of the preceding and subsequent entries, which include a second manor in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Osgodby }{\insrsid12807907 and another in the
}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  neighbouring vill of Owersby}{\insrsid12807907 . }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 He }{\insrsid12807907 may}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 be the same man as the priest and lawman who had full jurisdiction in Lincoln in 1066}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  replaced after the Conquest by another Englishman. He had a wife and a son}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN C2-3;14. CN16}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 His estate had disintegrated by the date of the Lindsey Survey, Winterton and possibly the two holdings in Osgodby - there is a slight discrepancy in the assessment - held
 by St Mary's of York (1/16. 7/9), Owersby by the monks of Winghale (7/15), the other holdings apparently absorbed into different manors. A Siward the priest in Colchester is presumably another man}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 B3a}}}{
\insrsid12807907 . Siward's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 4472)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and 
}{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 421, apart from Osgodby and Cuxwold, whose tenants are unidentified (nos. 34900, 349001).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 SKALPI [* THE GUARD *]. }{\insrsid12807907 All }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Skalpi}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 in Domesday Book are 'virtually certain' to be the same}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  man, the Guard }{\insrsid12807907 or thane }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 of Earl Harold whose manor of Leighs in Essex was acquired by Geoffrey de Mandeville}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16480713 ESS 30,16}}}{
\insrsid12807907  and the Skalpi who preceded}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Robert Gernon}{\insrsid12807907  at }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Ardleigh in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 32,40}}}{\insrsid12807907  and }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Churchford}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Stutton}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 and Woolverstone in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 SUF 36,1-2;}{
\insrsid12807907 8;16}}}{\insrsid12807907 : Williams, 'Land and power', pp. 178-80}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 The one other Skalpi in Suffolk, an overlord at Burstall, in the Hu
ndred of Sandford where Gernon's manors lay, is likely to be him also in the absence of another Skalpi with demesne land}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 16,35}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. The entry for Leighs recounts that Harold had given the manor - which he had been given by Esger the constable - to Skalp
i, who gave it to his wife as her dowry though he continued to hold it himself after 1066 until he 'went to where he died in outlawry in York[shire]'. The testimony of the Hundred is presumably intended to explain that Esger conferred title on Geoffrey as
 his }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4735904 antecessor}{\insrsid12807907 . Finally, the form }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Calpus}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{\insrsid12807907 which occurs only}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  in Norfolk}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NFK 24,6. 38,4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , 'might ... be derived' from Skalpi}{\insrsid12807907  according to }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Pre-Conquest personal names}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 365}{\insrsid12807907  and is accepted as the same name in the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12155143 Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907 
 As both forms are rare and localised, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Calpus}{\i\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907 is probably also Earl Harold's thane, Skalpi.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SKULI. }{\insrsid12807907 Skul
i is an uncommon name which occurs fifteen times, distributed among five counties in eastern England between Suffolk and Yorkshire, with one concentration in Norfolk. All Skulis are pre-Conquest landowners, their lands acquired by the king and ten of his 
tenants-in-chief.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SKULI <OF BASFORD>. }{\insrsid12807907 Skuli's bovate at Old Basford in Nottinghamshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 in 1066}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 10,23;52. 30,28}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is recorded three times in the Nottinghamshire folios. One of the entries is deleted, and the other possibly a duplicate. Skuli has no links with his namesakes.
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SPEARHAFOC. }{\insrsid12807907 Spearhafoc is a rare pre-Conquest name which occurs half-a-dozen times, all in Nottinghamshire and Suffolk, and borne by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 pre-Conquest }{\insrsid12807907 
landowners}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SPEARHAFOC <OF }{\insrsid12807907 BURTON}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 
As the name is rare, the Spearhafocs who preceded Roger of Bully on modest properties at Fenton, Sturton and 'West Burton' and its dependency in Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 9,113-114;116-117}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are almost certainly one man. Fenton is in Sturton parish, and 'West Burton' a little over a mile away. The Nottinghamshire landowner has no links with his Suffolk namesakes.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SPEARHAFOC <OF GLEMHAM>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, the free men of Edric of Laxfield (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7175322 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
), whose holdings in Glemham in Suffolk devolved upon two tenants-in-chief}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 3,95. 6,45}}}{\insrsid12807907 , are probably the same Spearhafoc, but perhaps not the same man as Spearhafoc of Thorpe.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SPEARHAFOC <OF THORPE>. }{\insrsid12807907 Although the name is rare, Queen Edith's free man on a tiny holding at Thorpe in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 37,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, granted by her to Peter of Valognes, may be a different man from Spearhafoc of Glemham, forty miles away; there are no links between them}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SPIRTES [* THE PRIEST *]. }{\insrsid12807907 All men named Spirtes in Domesday are probably Spirtes the priest, the predecessor of Ni
gel the doctor on manors in Wiltshire, Somerset, Herefordshire and Shropshire and so probably the Spirtes who preceded Nigel in the last two counties}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 7,6;8-9. SHR 9,2}}}{\insrsid12807907  and also in Kent}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
KEN M21}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Hampshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 63,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 . According to }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7547994 Exon}{\insrsid12807907 ., he also preceded Nigel on a subtenancy at }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7547994 L}{
\insrsid12807907 amyatt, held from Glastonbury abbey}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 8,30}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Only one manor held by Spirtes the priest - at Woolston in Shropshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,20,18}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 - was acquired by another tenant-in-chief. An entry for Bromfield in Shropshire, where he was a canon of St Mary's, reveals the interesting detail that he was exiled for unspecified crimes on the eve of the Conquest. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 
A list of }{\insrsid12807907 his}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  manor}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 English }{\i\insrsid12807907 n}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 
obility}{\i\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 pp. }{\insrsid12807907 342-43}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 , }{\insrsid12807907 which}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  }{\insrsid12807907 does not include Lamyatt or Nunney}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Somerset}{\insrsid12807907 , the latter held by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4399040 Sainte-Marie of Montebourg}{\insrsid12807907 
 in 1086, a gift by Nigel who probably also endowed the abbey with Sutton Veny in Wiltshire, held as his tenant, these being the only manors held by the abbey in England. Dr Clarke ranks Spirtes sixty-ninth in wealth among}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 untitled landowners, one of the wealthiest clerks in the kingdom; the addition of the Somerset manors would raise him half-a-dozen places.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SPROT}{\insrsid12807907 ". Although there are four }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7175322 Sprot}{\insrsid12807907 s in Colchester alone}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS B3a}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, the name is a fairly rare, occurring another thirteen times, ten times in Yorkshire and once each in Derbyshire, Essex and Suffolk. All rural }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7175322 Sprot}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7175322 s}{\insrsid12807907 
 are pre-Conquest landowners.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SPROT}{\insrsid12807907 "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  <OF BRADWELL>. }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7175322 Sprot}{\i\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907  whose shared manor worth twenty shillings at Brad
well in Derbyshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 7,8}}}{\insrsid12807907  was acquired by William Peverel, has no links with other }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6059490 Sprot}{\insrsid12807907 s.
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 STA}{\insrsid12807907 NHARD [* SON OF ALWY *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Most if not all Stanhards in Domesday Book are probably one man, Stanhard, son of Alwy of Thetford (}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6126100 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ), named as tenant-in-chief of a small fief consisting of a single manor of thirty acres at Ousden in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6126100 SUF 72,1}}}{
\insrsid12807907 . He is probably the Stanhard who held a comparable one-manor, thirty-acre fief at an unnamed location in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6126100 ESS 87,1}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , a manor he had held since 1066. His father was a designated predecessor of Roger Bigot, Stanhard retaining many of his manors, on one of which he is named as Alwy's son}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 66,84}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. He and his father are also named for their depredations at the expense of the abbey of St Benet of Holme on manors forming part of Roger Bigot's fief in Norfolk in }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 an early twelfth-century memorandum }{\insrsid12807907 
emanating from the abbey: }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 Stenton, 'St Benet of Holme', pp. 227-28}{\insrsid12807907 . There is therefore little doubt that Alwy's son is Roger's tenant and predecessor in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 7,1;15}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and virtually none in Norfolk, where every Stanhard in Domesday Book is a Bigot tenant}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6126100 9,10;14-16}{\insrsid12807907 -23;81;91-92;121;157-159}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6126100 . 66,84}}}{
\insrsid12807907 .
\par \tab Of the remaining Stanhards, he is likely to be the substantial urban landowner in Colchester, with 2 1/2 houses and ten acres and possibly another house}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS B3a}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, his father probably being reeve of Colchester. He may also be the one other Stanhard in the county, the predecessor of the abbey of Bury St Edmunds at Waltham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 11,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 
; the abbey also had an interest in another of Stanhard's manors, at Barnham in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 7,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Stanhard is possibly the man named in the 
will of Wulfsi, who granted to land to St Edmunds in the early eleventh century: Whitelock, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6126100 Anglo-Saxon wills}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 74-75, 185. In Suffolk, the predecessor of Robert Malet at Gislingham and Thornham Magna}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 6,194;200}}}{\insrsid12807907  is likely to be Alwy's son, his ove
rlord in both cases being Edric of Laxfield who was the overlord on manors held by him and his father on the Bigot Honour}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 9,18;21;100}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Edric was also joint overlord with Ely abbey of Stanhard at Burgh in Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 31,15}}}{\insrsid12807907 , where the anonymous free man is named Stanhard in the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6126100 
Inquisitio Eliensis}{\insrsid12807907  (ed. Hamilton, p. 150). It is perhaps no coincidence therefore that two of the three remaining Stanhards have Ely associations: at Over in Cambridgeshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 26,48}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Bealings in Suffolk}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUF 67,11}}}{\insrsid12807907 . The one remaining Stanhard, at Wortham in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 35,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is conceivably the same man though there are no links to confirm this. Stanhard's manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 99)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  422. Dr Kea
ts-Rohan suggests he may be Stanhard of Silverley, a juror in Cheveley Hundred in Cambridgeshire, which is not unlikely though unverifiable; his own manor - no longer held in 1086 - lay in Papworth Hundred.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6126100 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2567240 STANWIN <OF BOYTON>. All Stanwins in Domesday Book are }{\insrsid12807907 very probably}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2567240  one man. His six}{\insrsid12807907 
 manors are all in Suffolk, Henley, Peasenhall, Strickland and Boyton being acquired by Robert Malet}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2567240 6,17;92;98;172. }}}{\insrsid12807907 , Westerfield by Count Alan of Brittany}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUF 3,61}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and Heveningham by Roger Bigot}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 
{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2567240 7,13}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Peasenhall is three miles from Heveningham, where Stanwin's overlord was Earl Harold, as at Henley, which is thr
ee miles from Westerfield. Elsewhere, Stanwin's overlord was Edric of Laxfield, a situation explained in two of the more interesting entries in Domesday Book}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2567240 SUF }{\insrsid12807907 
6,92. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2567240 7,13}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, which record that Stanwin was Edric of Laxfield's man before Edric was outlawed, when Stanwin then became Earl Harold's man, claiming 'he was Edric's man with Harold permission in 1066' and offering to undergo trial to prove it. Apart from explaining ho
w
 he came to have two overlords and proving that Bigot's and Malet's predecessors are the same man, the entry establishes what is often suspected but is difficult to demonstrate: that English landowners survived at a level lower than the Domesday Survey to
ok cognisance of, for no land is attributed to Stanwin in 1086.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2567240 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 STAPLEWIN <OF MAPPERLEY>. }{\insrsid12807907 Staplewin is a rare name which occurs three times, all three probably borne by one man. His manors at Thrumpton and Stapleford in Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 10,4;16}}}{
\insrsid12807907  were acquired by William Peverel, who also had charge for the king of Staplewin's holding Mapperley in Derbyshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 1,35}}}{\insrsid12807907 , eight miles from Stapleford.

\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11796681 STENKIL. Stenkil is a rare }{\insrsid12807907 name which occurs}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11796681  seven times, distributed among seven counties and}{\insrsid12807907 
 the lands of six tenants-in-chief; one Stenkil survived until 1086.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 STENKIL <OF KINGSTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 Stenkil, who apparently preceded Henry of Ferrers on a five hide manor at Kingston Bagpuize in Berkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 21,14}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, may be a scribal error since the Abingdon chronicle records that this manor was held by 'a certain rich man' named Thorkil, who did homage to the abbey for Kingston. He was killed }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9312181 
at Hastings, whereupon Henry of Ferrers seized the manor for himself: }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid9312181 Historia Ecclesie Abbendonensis}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid9312181 , i. 222-25}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
. Dr Hudson suggests that the Domesday scribe has confused this entry with a second five hide manor in }{\insrsid12807907 Kingston Bagpuize}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9312181 BRK 22,12}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , which was held by a Thorkil: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9312181 ibid}{\insrsid12807907 
., p. 225, note 511. Stenkil may have held this manor rather than that belonging to the abbey. Some confirmation is provided by another consideration. The Berkshire manor mistakenly attributed
 to Thorkil was acquired by William son of Ansculf, who was preceded at Witton in Warwickshire by a Stenkil who retained the manor as his tenant}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 27,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and who is probably the Berkshire Stenkil in view of the rarity of the name. If so, it is not unlikely that he is also the Stenkil at Weston in Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 18,82}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, which is rather closer to Kingston than Witton. Stenkil is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1727758 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 28490).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 STENKIL <OF RIBY>. }{\insrsid12807907 It is probable that the Stenkils at Riby, Swallow and Cuxwold in Lincolnshire are one man. Roger of Poitou acquired the first two manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 16,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, in both of which Ernwin the priest (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12913344 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ) had an interest, and Cuxwold}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 68,44}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 is less than two miles from Swallow. In view of the rarity of the name, it is conceivable that he is the same man as Stenkil of Kingston, though there are no links to confirm this.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 STENKIL <OF THORNTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 Stenkil, whose modest holding at Thornton in Cheshire was acquired by Bigot of Les Loges}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 14,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has no links with his distant namesakes.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 STEN}{\insrsid12807907 ULF. Stenulf is an uncommon name }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2513720 which }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 occurs }{\insrsid12807907 almost two dozen times}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 
 times, distributed among}{\insrsid12807907  seven counties and the lands of the king and ten of his tenants-in-chief. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 With two exceptions, the name is confined to the north of England, the bulk }{\insrsid12807907 
of them }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 occurring in two }{\insrsid12807907 clusters}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , one in Derbyshire and another in Yorkshire, with a scattering in Cheshire and outliers in two other counties. }{\insrsid12807907 
The name is rare in the sense that it was probably borne by few individuals, possibly no more than two or three. Survivors held two manors in 1086.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8339602 STENULF <OF SUTTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 Most Stenulfs in Domesday Book may be one man, though his manors devolved upon ten tenants-in-chief. The seven Stenulfs in Derbyshire very probably are, t}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid8339602 he manors form}{\insrsid12807907 ing}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8339602  a }{\insrsid12807907 cluster}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8339602 
 in the Hundred of 'Scarsdale', all but one of them within a couple of miles of at least one other}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Five were acquired by Roger of Poitou, his entire fief in }{\insrsid12807907 the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 5,1-5}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, while Rowthorn}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 16,8}}}{\insrsid12807907 , acquired by Roger of Bully, is in the same parish of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9705115 Ault Hucknall}{\insrsid12807907  as two of the Poitou manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{
\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 The remaining Derbyshire }{\insrsid12807907 manor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , a modest property at Calow}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 17,9}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{
\insrsid12807907 is two miles from that held by Stenulf from Roger at Sutton Scarsdale. Stenulf retained }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Calow }{\insrsid12807907 in 1086, allowed to survive on }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
a fragment of his once extensive if modestly-valued }{\insrsid12807907 estate. Roger of Poitou was also preceded by Stenulf at Toxteth and Upholland in Cheshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS R1,5;25}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Three other manors in Cheshire were held by a Stenulf, at }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Tilstone, Weaver and Clotton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 2,33. 14,13. 23,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, each a few miles from the others and so probably held by one man, despite devolving on different tenants-in-chief. The manors lie between those of Roger of Poitou in Cheshire and Derbyshire, so may also have been held by his precedessor.
\par \tab The other surviving Stenulf, who held Tittensor in Staffordshire in 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 11,33}}}{\insrsid12807907 , may be the same man. Apart from
 his status as survivor, the sons of Stenulf are later recorded in Cheshire, Derbyshire and Staffordshire: Statham, 'Notes on Domesday tenants', pp. 174-75. Roger of Bully was preceded by a Stenulf in Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 9,70-71}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, probably his predecessor at Rowthorn in Derbyshire (above). The one Stenulf in Shropshire is not unlikely to be Roger's predecessor, too, his waste manor in the lost vill of }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4015231 Bolebec}{\insrsid12807907 
 being acquired by Roger's father, Earl Roger of Shrewsbury}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,1,33}}}{\insrsid12807907 . As his name is rare and
 the spread of his manors from east to west almost a hundred miles, it is not unlikely that Stenulf is the man who held seven manors in the West Riding of Yorkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10502544 
9W11;119;122;127;134-135;139}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, less than half that distance away. These form a fairly close grouping, so were probably held by one individual. They have no links with the manors to the south, but none can be expected as they lie in the centre of Ilbert of Lacy's Honour of Pontefract,
 from which other lay tenants-in-chief were excluded. The one other Stenulf in Yorkshire, at Rookwith}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10502544 6N130}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, forty miles further north of this cluster, might be the same man, though there are no links to support an identification. The one remaining Stenulf in Domesday Book, at Venns Green in Herefordshire, appears to be unrelated. Stenulf is unidentified in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (nos. 31500, 32500).
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par STEN}{\insrsid12807907 ULF <OF VENNS GREEN>. As the name is rare, the Stenulf whose manor at Venns Green in Herefordshire was acquired by William son of Norman}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 16,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 might be Stenulf of Sutton, who is possibly the one other Stenulf in Domesday Book; but his closest manor is seventy miles to the north and there are no links to connect them.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11796681 STEPHEN. Stephen is an uncommon }{\insrsid12807907 name which occurs}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11796681 
 on three fiefs and twenty-one manors, distributed among eleven counties and the lands of the king and ten of his tenants-in-chief, all held by tenants in 1086.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 STEPHEN [* SON OF ERHARD *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Stephen son of Erhard, who held a small fief in Berkshire, is named by Orderic Vitalis as the seaman who steered the Conqueror safel
y across the Channel in 1066, which makes it likely that he is Stephen the steersman, who had two houses in Southampton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM S3}}}{\insrsid12807907  and a messuage in Warwick}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
WAR B2}}}{\insrsid12807907 . He is probably also the Stephen who held Dorsington and Milcote in chief in the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 36,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907  and was a tenant there of Bishop Odo of Bayeux at Arrow and Broom}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 4,1;6}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, the latter descending with Milcote and Dorsington, since the messuage in Warwick belonged 'to the lands which these barons hold outside the Borough', there being no other Stephens in the county: Round, 'Domesday survey of Warwickshire', p. 274; }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13566739 VCH Warwickshire}{\insrsid12807907 , iii. 54. As the only Stephen in Northamptonshire, he may also be Bishop Odo's tenant at Roade}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 2,9}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, waste and in the king's hands in 1086, presumably because held by Odo. Stephen may also be the tenant of William son of Ansculf at Englefield, Hodcott and Ilsley in Berkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 22,4;6-7}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, Englefield lying four miles north of his manor of Padworth. His tenant at Padworth has been identified as Nigel of Aubigny (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14111404 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
), and it is possible that the arrangement was reciprocal, Stephen being Nigel's tenant at Shelton in Bedfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 24,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. If so, Nigel is the only tenant of that name in Berkshire, and Stephen the only Stephen in Bedfordshire, which tend
s to support the identifications. Stephen's son, Thomas, played another critical role in Anglo-Norman history, captaining the White Ship which foundered in 1120, along with the heir to the throne and the heirs of many of the magnates. According to Orderic
 (vi. 296-300), there were two survivors from roughly three hundred on board, the captain choosing to drown rather than face the king. Stephen's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 1906)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  423.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 STEPHEN [* SON OF FULCRED *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Their distribution suggests}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  that the cluster of }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 
held by Stephen }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 at Hampton, Broadward and Marden in Herefordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 1,29. 14,3. 35,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  were held by }{\insrsid12807907 one}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{
\insrsid12807907 man}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Dr }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11352544 Keats-Rohan}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 suggests he }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 Stephen son of Fulcred}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held Daylesford from the Church of Worcester}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WOR 2,42;44}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
; the descent of Daylesford was disrupted}{\insrsid12807907  so}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 this}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  cannot be verified: }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10776821 Thomas of Marlborough}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , pp. 172-79; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VCH Worcester}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , iv. 336.}{\insrsid12807907 
 There are no other Stephens in the five counties of circuit five; and neither the bishopric or the other two tenants-in-chief from who Stephen held his manors - Drogo son
 of Poyntz and William of Ecouis - had other Stephens among their tenants. Stephen's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{
\insrsid12807907 (no. 315)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  422.}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 [* ARCHBISHOP *] STIGAND. }{\insrsid12807907 All Stigands in Domesday Book may be the archbishop of that name, though his title is supplied in barely a third of the several hundred}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{
\insrsid12807907 occurrences of his name.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  In fourteen of the sixteen counties where }{\insrsid12807907 he}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  held land, }{\insrsid12807907 every Stigand}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{
\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 accorded one of his titles, bishop or archbishop}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. Only in Norfolk and Suffolk, where the bulk of his manors and most of his personal wealth is concentrated, is his title frequently omitted. There are
 no signs that any of these East Anglian Stigands are other than the archbishop, and many indications to the contrary. }{\insrsid12807907 A significant proportion}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  of his manors }{\insrsid12807907 are}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  royal}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  or occur on the fief of his brother, the bishop of Elmham; but, overwhelmingly, they ar
e manors where Stigand wielded lordship over men, over two hundred such cases. 'In East Anglia alone ... more than one thousand thegns and freemen called Stigand their lord': Smith, 'Archbishop Stigand', p. 205. Dr Smith provides totals of his manorial we
alth broken down by county; a manor in Northamptonshire is omitted}{\insrsid12807907  from her list}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \cbpat8 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 STORI}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid2454779 .}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
 Stori is an uncommon name which occurs on about eighteen manors,}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 distributed }{\insrsid12807907 among }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 the lands of }{\insrsid12807907 seven }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 tenants-in-chief}{\insrsid12807907  and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 
six counties, almost all in eastern England, with one cluster in Lincolnshire where the most valuable manors are located. A Stori in Yorkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 19W3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 is probably a scribal error for Thori (}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4609808 Fellows-Jensen}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4609808  'On the identification of Domesday tenants in Lincolnshire', }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7237629 p}{
\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7237629 . 36-37}{\insrsid12807907 ) and another in Derbyshire may be so also}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY B16}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. The name is rare in the sense that it was probably borne by few individuals, possibly only two. It is a Norse name, not recorded in Old English sources and rare in Scandinavian lands: von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12721020 
Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 376; }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4609808 Fellows-Jensen}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2192243 Scandinavian personal names}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 267. All Storis are pre-C
onquest landowners, none surviving.}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 STORI <OF BOLINGBROKE>. }{\insrsid12807907 It is not unlikely that all Storis in Domesday Book a
re one man, though in the absence of identifying links some are here identified as separate individuals; all, however, held at least one substantial manor, even in those counties where such manors are thin on the ground.
\par \tab If all Storis are one man, then he
 is the Lincolnshire magnate who had full jurisdiction and market rights in the county of Lincolnshire, who is almost certainly the predecessor of Ivo Tallboys on his two highly valuable manors of Belchford and Bolingbroke}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN T5. 14,46-57;66-83}}}{
\insrsid12807907  and very probably the Stori who preceded Countess Judith at Hougham in the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 56,5}}}{\insrsid12807907  since she held a messuage of his in Lincoln claimed by Ivo Tallboys}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN C10}}}{\insrsid12807907 . As}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14883045  }{\insrsid12807907 his}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14883045  }{\insrsid12807907 name is rare}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14883045 , the link with Countess suggests that }{\insrsid12807907 the Stori from whom Osbern son 
of Richard obtained his Bedfordshire fief may be the Lincolnshire magnate. At Easton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 44,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  Stori is described as a man of Earl Tosti, and elsewhere}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 44,2;4}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 as a lord of other men; yet his }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2783856 Bedfordshire }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2783856  }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2783856  modest for such status. Earl Wal
theof and his wife Countess Judith succeeded Earl Tosti on many }{\insrsid12807907 individual manors as well as in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2783856  his earldom}{\insrsid12807907 
, which included Bedfordshire and Lincolnshire among other counties: Baxter, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14883045 Earls of Mercia}{\insrsid12807907 , appendix 2.
\par \tab 
Stori is possibly also the man whose manors in Derbyshire, Nottinghamshire, Warwickshire and Suffolk were acquired by Henry of Ferrers, the Count of Mortain, the bishop of Chester and William of Vatteville, each of whom obtained one respectable manor from
 Stori, a suggestive characteristic though in the absence of specific links these manors are here assigned to different men. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 A list of }{\insrsid12807907 Stori's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  manor}{
\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 English }{\i\insrsid12807907 n}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 obility}{\i\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 pp. }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2783856 343-44}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 , }{\insrsid12807907 which}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  }{\insrsid12807907 includes }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2783856 only th}{\insrsid12807907 ose in}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2783856  Lincolnshire.}{\insrsid12807907  Dr Clarke ranks him eightieth in wealth among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 
untitled laymen; the addition of Easton would raise him a place, the remaining manors would place him in the top fifty.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 STORI <OF FARNBOROUGH>. }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid3413716 Stori}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3413716  }{\insrsid12807907 who held the substantial manor of Farnborough acquired by the bishop of Chester}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 2,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, may be the magnate Stori of Bolingbroke; but there are no links to support an identification.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 STORI <OF }{\insrsid12807907 GOTHAM}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, it is likely that the Storis who preceded the Count of Mortain on the bulk of his fief in Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 4,1-5;7}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are one man, possibly the Stori of Spondon whose manor lay a dozen or so miles to the west who is perhaps also the magnate Stori of Bolingbroke; but there are no links to confirm either or both identifications.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \cbpat8 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 STORI <OF LIDGATE>}{\insrsid12807907 .}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2454779  Stori}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2454779  }{\insrsid12807907 whose substantial manor of Lidgate in Suffolk was acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1323355 William of Vatteville}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1323355 SUF 54,1}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , may be the magnate Stori of Bolingbroke; but there are no links to confirm his identity.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 STORI <OF }{\insrsid12807907 SPONDON}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 
As the name is rare, the Stori who preceded Henry of Ferrers at Spondon and its dependency in Derbyshire would appear to be the Stori who had jurisdictional privileges on his land}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY B16. 6,67-68}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. That Stori, however, is described as a predecessor of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14883045 Walter of Aincourt}{\insrsid12807907  whose name is nowhere else linked to a Stori. Walter did, however, have a significant predecessor name Thori son of Roald (}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5454176 q.v}{\insrsid12807907 .) who probably held another manor acquired by Henry of Ferrers; and since the scribe confused Stori and Thori elsewhere (}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4609808 Fellows-Jensen}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid4609808  'On the identification of Domesday tenants in Lincolnshire', }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7237629 p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7237629 . 36-37}{\insrsid12807907 
), he may have done so here. Stori of Spondon is possibly the same man as the Stori at Gotham a dozen or so miles to the east who is perhaps also the magnate Stori of Bolingbroke; but there are no links to confirm either or both identifications.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SUMARLITHI. }{\insrsid12807907 Sumarlithi is a rare name which occurs eleven times, distributed among five counties between Devon and Lincolnshire, where the only cluster occurs. None of the manors are substantial, 
and all landowners are pre-Conquest.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SUMARLITHI <OF BUNGAY>. }{\insrsid12807907 The free man with forty acres worth one mark at Bungay in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 4,19}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 acquired by Earl Hugh of Chester has no links with other Sumarlithis.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SUMARLITHI <OF NORTHLEIGH>. }{\insrsid12807907 Sumarlithi, whose virgate worth three shillings at Northleigh in Devon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 48,12}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 was acquired by Nicholas the bowman, has no links with his namesakes, all remote.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SUMARLITHI <OF WARESLEY>. }{\insrsid12807907 Sumarlithi, whose half-hide worth ten shillings at Waresley in Huntingdonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9130154 HUN 19,26}{
\insrsid12807907 . D9}}}{\insrsid12807907  was acquired by Eustace the sheriff, has no links with other Sumarlithis.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13594840 SUMARLITHI [* SON OF KARLI *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Sumarlithi, who held Crambe in Yorkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13594840 1N92}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , is probably the brother 
of Thorbrand and Cnut who held the nearby manors of Low Hutton and Burythorpe - four and five miles from Crambe - and several other manors in the same wapentake. Sumarlithi and his brothers are three of the 'four sons of Karli' who according to Orderic Vi
talis (ii. 222-23) were among the leaders of the attack on York castle early in 1069: Williams, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4204244 English and the Norman Conquest}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 30-31. The tract }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13594840 
De obsessione Dunelmi}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13594840  names }{\insrsid12807907 Sumarlithi }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13594840 as}{\insrsid12807907  one of the two sons who survived a massacre in 1073-1074 ordered 
by Earl Waltheof, whose ancestors conducted a long-running feud with Karli's branch of the family. The massacre took place on the occasion of a family feast at Thorbrand's house in Settrington; but Sumarlithi, who was not there, 'survives to this day': Mo
rris, 'Marriage and murder', pp. 3-4; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13594840 Early charters of northern England}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 149. There are no other Sumarlithis in Yorkshire, where the bulk of the family lands lay; but it is not unlikely that }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid15300978 Sumarfugl}{\insrsid12807907 , who held the manor of Boltby}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15300978 23N13}{\insrsid12807907 -14}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is a corruption of his name. }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid15300978 Sumarfugl}{\insrsid12807907  is an otherwise unknown name, and Boltby was acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15300978 Hugh son of Baldric}{\insrsid12807907 
 who obtained other manors from several members of Karli's family, several of them in the same wapentake of '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15300978 Yarlestre'}{\insrsid12807907 . Boltby was subinfeudated 
to Gerard, who was also endowed by Hugh with manors of Sumarlithi's brothers, Thorbrand and Gamal.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15300978 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 \tab The name being rare and the family substantial landowners, it is not unlikely that he is the Sumarlithi who held half-a-dozen manors in Lincolnshire. Three were acquired by the bishop of Durham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 3,20;48-49}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, whose predecessors were deeply involved in the feud between Karli's family and Earl Waltheof's
 ancestors and retained an interest in their possessions: Morris, 'Marriage and murder', pp. 1-5, 12-18. The other manors are no great distance away. Osgodby, acquired by Siward}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 68,46}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is about thirteen miles from the bishop's manor at Cadeby}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 3,48}}}{\insrsid12807907  and also from Kolsveinn's acquisition at Ingham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 26,11-12}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 which is itself less than a mile from one of the three manors of Sumarlithi's brother Cnut (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7817587 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ), two others being only a little further afield. The Tallboys manor at East Keal}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
LIN 14,79}}}{\insrsid12807907  is the most distant, twenty miles to the south; but the Lincolnshire Claims}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN CS15}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 reveal that Sumarlithi had held land at Greetham, seven miles from Keal and thirteen from the bishop's jurisdiction at Welton le Wold}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 3,49}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16659689 . If }{
\insrsid12807907 all }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16659689 these manors belonged to Karli's son, he was still the least well-endowed of the four; and if the date of }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16659689 De obsessione Dunelmi}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid16659689  is, as suggested, no earlier than 1100, then}{\insrsid12807907  Sumarlithi survived with no visible means of support not, however, an uncommon situation: Morris, 'Marriage and murder', p. 7.
\par \tab As the family is prominent in the history of the north in the eleventh-century and took a leading role in the revolt against Norman rule, its members were presumably major landowners, so the scale of landholding
 suggested by these identifications is not implausible. If the bulk of them are correct, then the manorial income of Sumarlithi and his family was in excess of \'a3
100 in 1066, though in Yorkshire the assessment of their lands - more than 600 hides - is probably a better guide to their status. If included in Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13251585 English nobilit}{\insrsid12807907 
y, their manorial income would rank them among the three dozen wealthiest untitled laymen; in assessed land, they were exceeded among laymen only by the royal family and some earls.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13319503 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 S}{\insrsid12807907 VAVI}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Svavi is a rare forename which occurs twice, once each in Leicestershire and Lincolnshire.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 S}{\insrsid12807907 VAVI [* FATHER OF SWEIN *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is exceptionally rare, it is likely that the Svavi who shared part of the manor of Mumb
y in Lincolnshire with a Swein (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14052683 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ) is his father}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14052683 LIN 12,96}}}{\insrsid12807907 , named as having }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14052683 
full jurisdiction and market rights}{\insrsid12807907  in the county and a messuage in the borough}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN C9. T5}}}{\insrsid12807907 .}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14052683 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 S}{\insrsid12807907 VAVI <OF BOSWORTH>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 
Although the name is exceptionally rare, it is unlikely that the tenant of Robert of Bucy on a modest manor in Husbands Bosworth in Leicestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14052683 LEC 17,15}}}{
\insrsid12807907  is the same man as his one namesake, the father of Swein who had been succeeded by his father before 1086. He is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 26445).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 SWARTBRAND [* SON OF ULF *]. }{\insrsid12807907 All Swartbrands in Domesday Book may be one man, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Swartbrand son of Ulf}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 named as a lawman with market and full jurisdictional rights in the city of Lincoln}{\insrsid12807907  and as }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 holding a third of the 'Linco
lnshire fields'. He held some of these rights before the Conquest and in 1086, so he may the Swartbrand who held land among the royal thanes in both 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 LIN 68,1-4}{
\insrsid12807907 . CW1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and 1066}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 68,8-12}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ; the Lincolnshire Claims prove that he is the Swartbrand who claimed land at North Hykeham}
{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
LIN 12,92. CK29}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  against a Siward, who may be a relative with whom he had a shared interest in the Nottinghamshire vill of Muskham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 NTT 30,}{\insrsid12807907 
7;46. CW16}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . He may also be the one remaining Swartbrand}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  whose manor of Burgh-le-Marsh was acquired by Eudo son of Spirewic}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 29,26}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Burgh is two }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  from }{\insrsid12807907 the manor of Ulf's son}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  at Bratoft}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 68,9}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. Swartbrand's father }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  probably the English magnate, Ulf Fenman (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ), who held land in the city and had full jurisdictional an
d market rights throughout the county. He held land in five of the same vills as Swartbrand: Burton, Candlesby, Burgh, Addlethorpe and Canwick. }{\insrsid12807907 Swartbrand's \'a3
6 of land place him among the more prosperous survivors though this figure probably represents less than 1% of the land held by his father. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Hart, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Danelaw}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 275-79, lists Swartbrand}{\insrsid12807907 's }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 manors; his 1086 tenancies are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 (no. 2971) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 422.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SWEIN [* OF ESSEX *]. }{\insrsid12807907 M}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ost if not all unidentified }{\insrsid12807907 Sweins }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 in southern England }{\insrsid12807907 in 1086 may be}
{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Swein}{\insrsid12807907 , son of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Robert son of Wiuhomarch, a tenant-in-chief in Essex, Huntingdonshire, Oxfordshire and Suffolk}{\insrsid12807907 
 and a man 'of quite exceptional interest': Round, 'Domesday survey of Essex', p. 345}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . In Essex, where he was sheriff and the bulk of his }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 lay, he is several times }{\insrsid12807907 named}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  by his byname, usually in his capacity as sheriff}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 1,2-3;27-28. 10,5. 90,35}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , so he is probably the Swein recorded on }{\insrsid12807907 other}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  royal }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 there}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
ESS 1,13;25}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Elsewhere, reference}{\insrsid12807907 s to his dependants, his manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  or }{\insrsid12807907 to }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 his fathe}{\insrsid12807907 r}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  identify him as the Swein at Tollesbury, Tilbury and Colchester in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 9,14. 30,21. B3m. B3n}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . The only other Swein}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 in Essex, tenant}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  of the }{\insrsid12807907 bishop of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Bayeux at Stambridge, Creeksea and Bradwell Quay}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 18,14;18;23}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{
\insrsid12807907 may}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  also }{\insrsid12807907 be the sheriff, who}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  held the other part of Stambridge in chief}{\insrsid12807907 , and whose manors in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7300307 
Asheldham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 24,43;55}}}{\insrsid12807907  lay midway between }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Creeksea and Bradwell}{\insrsid12807907 , roughly six miles from either}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .
\par \tab Swein acquired }{\insrsid12807907 most of his Honour}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  from his father, Robert son of Wiuhomarch (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ), which }{\insrsid12807907 suggests}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  he }{\insrsid12807907 may be}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the Swein who held }{\insrsid12807907 four}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  manors among the royal thanes of Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
DOR 56,28-29;53;58}}}{\insrsid12807907  and another}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 67,94}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{
\insrsid12807907 on }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 four of which }{\insrsid12807907 he was preceded by}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 
an (unnamed) father. Dr Williams suggests that this Swein may be Swein son of Azur, who succeeded his father on a number of manors in Northamptonshire, since Swein's predecessor on one of these Dorset manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15939459 DOR 56,58}}}{
\insrsid12807907  is Azur, albeit not named as his father. The association is suggestive but the identifiable manors of Swein and Azur are in the Midlands, all acquired by Gunfrid of Chocques; and althoug
h the Honour of Swein of Essex is concentrated in eastern England, Robert son of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Wiuhomarch }{\insrsid12807907 certainly held one manor in the south-west, at Widhill in Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid868689 
68,16}}}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13248546 Swein (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13248546 Suin}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13248546 ) }{\insrsid12807907 may also have}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 held the substantial manor of}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Yelling in Huntingdonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HUN 6,15}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 the }{\insrsid12807907 abbey of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Ramsey}{
\insrsid12807907 , six miles from}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  his solitary }{\insrsid12807907 holding}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 as tenant-in-chief at Waresley. By 1166 Yelling was held by a family of that name, apparently unrelated to Swein's heirs}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid12807907 , ii. 379-83. }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Finally, the Swein who held Tooting in Surrey before the Conquest}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUR 6,4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  is probably Swein of Essex}{\insrsid12807907 . H}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
e is described in a royal writ confirming his grant of Tooting to Westminster }{\insrsid12807907 abbey}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  as a 'kinsman' of King Edward, a description which will fit }{\insrsid12807907 him b
ut no other Swein; he does not appear to have held land elsewhere in 1066:}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 Harmer, }{\i\insrsid12807907 Writs}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 311-13, 357,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 512, 573. }{\insrsid12807907 His manors - including those in the south-west - }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 
(no. 636)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 424, }{\insrsid12807907 apart from}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Yelling, whose tenant is unidentified }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 32596).}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SWEIN [* }{\insrsid12807907 SON OF AL}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 RIC *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Swein and his father Alric are named in g
rants made to Pontefract priory, their descendants holding eight fees of the Lacy Honour of Pontefract: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6372030 Early Yorkshire charters}{\insrsid12807907 
, iii. 316-19. It is likely that the Sweins who held Kexbrough, Dalton and East Ardsley in Yorkshire from Ilbert of Lacy are Alric's son}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 9W74;117;120}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 as he was preceded on the last two by Alric while his descendants had an interest in Kexbrough: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6372030 Early Yorkshire charters}{\insrsid12807907 , iii. 330. Ilbert had one other tenant named Swein, at Dodworth}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
YKS 9W69}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, who may be the same man, Sweins being rare in 1086 (below) and Dodworth lying in the same area as the bulk of the manors of Swein and his father, adjacent to Silkstone, which Swein inherited from him. Like several of the manors of Alric and Swein, Dodwo
rth was resumed into the Lacy demesne and granted together with Swein's church of Silkstone to the monks of Pontefract: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6372030 Early Yorkshire charters}{\insrsid12807907 
, iii. 168-70. It has nevertheless been suggested that this Swein is a different man, since he held Dodworth in 1066 and Alric's son lived until the end of the 1120s: Thomas, 'A Yorkshire thegn', p. 3. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
If he held Dodworth in 1066, }{\insrsid12807907 Swein}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  was in his }{\insrsid12807907 seventies}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  or older when he died}{\insrsid12807907 
 which, although uncommon, appears to be also the case with the Domesday landowners Forne, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Frawin}{\insrsid12807907  and Harding}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 
Apart from Ilbert's tenants, only one Swein held land in Yorkshire in 1086, and he too retained his manor - at West Melton - for twenty years}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 29W5}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. As the two manors are eight miles apart and only two other Sweins in Domesday Book retained their manors for two decades, it is likely that the Alric at Melton is also Alric's son. Swein's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{
\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 8459)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  424, apart from Melton, whose tenant is unidentified (38296).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SWEIN [* SON OF AZUR *]. }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid6244588 Swein}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6244588  who held }{\insrsid12807907 the single manor of Stoke Bruerne }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6244588 as a tenant-in-chief in Northamptonshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH
 50,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6244588 is identified in the Borough entries}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6244588 as Swein son of Azur}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1180481 
with twenty-one houses in th}{\insrsid12807907 at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1180481  vill}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH B29}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1180481 . }{\insrsid12807907 As }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6244588 Gunfrid of Chocques acquired }{
\insrsid12807907 more than half his Honour from a Swein or an Azur, it is probable that the father and son are his official predecessors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6244588 . }{\insrsid12807907 From Swein, he obtained Wingrave in Buckinghamshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
BUK 50,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  and eight manors in Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 48,3;5-}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1180481 10;17}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Father and son may be the two thanes from whom Gunfrid acquired Flore, and among the four thanes at Wollaston in the same county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 48,4;14}}}{\insrsid12807907 
; they may even be the two Freemen who preceded Gunfrid on his Bedfordshire fief, a single manor likely to have been acquired by antecession}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 37,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Dr Williams suggests he may be the Swein who held four manors in Dorset, on one of which he was preceded by an Azur and on the other three by an unnamed father}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7093834 56,28-29;}{
\insrsid12807907 48;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7093834 53;58}}}{\insrsid12807907 : 'Domesday survey of Dorset', p. 52. The relationships are suggestive
 but the identifiable manors of Swein and Azur are in the Midlands, all (apart from Stoke) acquired by Gunfrid of Chocques. There are stronger reasons to identify the Dorset father and son as Swein of Essex (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9447296 q.v.}{
\insrsid12807907 ) and Robert son of Wiuhomarch. Swein's urban holding and his manor at Stoke is recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 3326)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  423.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SWEIN [* SON OF SVAVI *]. }{\insrsid12807907 
Swein son of Svavi, who had full jurisdiction and market rights in Nottinghamshire and Lincolnshire before the Conquest, is evidently an important landowner. His messuage in Lincoln was acquired by Roger of Bully, so the Sweins wh
ose manors at West Drayton in Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 9,31}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Greetwell in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 17,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 devolved upon Roger are probably Svavi's son. Roger had predecessors named Swein at }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Beighton }{\insrsid12807907 in Derbyshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 16,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and in several vills in Yorkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 1}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11090212 0}{\insrsid12807907 W20;22-23;25;29;32-33;39-40}}}{\insrsid12807907  who may be the same man}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16666894 .}{\insrsid12807907 
 The Yorkshire manors, respectable by the standards of the county, are all in Strafforth wapentake and form a fairly tight cluster, apart from Attercliffe and Sheffield}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 10,42}}}{\insrsid12807907 , six and seven m
iles respectively from the Derbyshire manor of Beighton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 16,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 . West Drayton is approximately midway between these manors and Greetwell in Lincolnshire. Though not named in the entry, Swein may also have held land in Edenthorpe}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid15226471 YKS 12}{\insrsid12807907 W}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15226471 27}}}{\insrsid12807907 , which the Yorkshire Claims state was acquired from him by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15226471 Fulco of Lisors}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid15226471 YKS CW14}}}{\insrsid12807907 , who was subinfeudated by Roger with other of his manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 10W33;39-40}}}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par \tab Sweins are more numerous in Yorkshire and Lincolnshire than in any other counties so it likely that several - perhaps many - of them are Svavi's son. He is almost certainly the Swein at Hardwick}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN T4}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, acquired by his predecessor Roger of Bully and the bishop of Lincoln. The bishop was preceded on his valuable manor of Welton and its dependency by a Swein, who is likely to be the same man, the only Swein on the bishop's Honour}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
LIN 7,8-9}}}{\insrsid12807907 . According to the Lincolnshire Claims}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN CK10}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Hardwick was 
acquired by the archbishop of Yorkshire from Ulf son of Topi, which cannot be reconciled with the main text or with Ulf's will, which records the transaction: Whitelock, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4483637 Anglo-Saxon wills}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 94-97, 209. However, the link between Hardwick and the archbishop suggests that the archbishop's predecessor at }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4483637 Billinghay}{\insrsid12807907  and its dependency}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 2,40-41}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 may be Swein son of Svavi. Finally, Count Alan of Brittany's predecessor at Mumby}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4483637 LIN 12,96}}}{\insrsid12807907  - the only Swein on his Honour - must be Svavi's son since he share
d the manor with one of the two Svavis in Domesday Book, who is surely his father here. What makes these links more plausible is that fact that that none of the tenants-in-chief involved had other tenants or predecessors named Swein on their Honours, and 
t
he manors constitute four of the most valuable five held by the Sweins in the county. It is possible that Svavi's son is the same man as Swein the noble though there are no specific links to confirm this. If the other identifications are valid, Swein's ho
ldings - worth almost \'a350 - qualify him as a magnate of regional significance; if included in Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14187938 English nobility}{\insrsid12807907 , he would rank seventy-eighth in wealth among}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 untitled laymen.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15226471 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SWEIN [* THE NOBLE *]. }{\insrsid12807907 In Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire, 45% of the Honour of Walter of Aincourt was contributed by a Swein, named Swein the noble on four of the five manors in Derbyshire
 and one of the six in Nottinghamshire. It is likely that he is the Swein on the fifth manor in Derbyshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 8,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, in the same wapentake as the remainder; and on the other six in Nottinghamshire, all respectable if not substantial manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 11,4-5;12-14;33}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Walter had no tenants of this name elsewhere. Overall, Swein contributed about a quarter of Walter's Honour, his third most significant predecessor. He just falls short of the manorial income for inclusion in Dr Clarke's list of nobles of regiona
l significance; but the name is common in the area so he may have held other manors. The Sweins who preceded Gilbert Tison had several of comparable status; and it is not unlikely that Swein the noble and Swein son of Svavi are the same man, though there 
are no links specific to confirm this.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SWETING. }{\insrsid12807907 Sweting is a rare name which occurs once in each of five counties, on the lands of five tenants-in-chief, three Swetings being tenants in 1086. The name is easily confused with Swarting.

\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SWETING [* GRANDFATHER OF MATTHEW *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Sweting, tenant of Abingdon abbey on a modest manor at Garsington in Oxfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 9,8}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is identified in the chronicle of the abbey as the grandfather of Matthew: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12131596 Historia Ecclesie Abbendonensis}{\insrsid12807907 , ii. 324-25. He has no links with other Swetings. His manor is}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 4338)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  424.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SWETING <OF FALKENHAM>. }{\insrsid12807907 Sweting, a free man who shared 57 acres worth ten shillings }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10368264 with seven other f}{\insrsid12807907 ree men at Falkenham in Suffolk}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid10368264  acquired by Roger Bigot}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 7,98}}}{\insrsid12807907 , has no links with other Swetings. He is one of two pre-Conquest landowners of this name.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SWETING <OF SOUTHCOTE>. }{\insrsid12807907 Sweting, who held 36 acres worth six shillings at Southcote in Buckinghamshire from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10368264 William son of Constantine}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 33,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has no links with other Swetings. He is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 1457).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par SWETING <OF SUTTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 Sweting, who shared one and a half virgates worth four shillings at Sutton in Bedfordshire with another tenant of Countess Judith}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 53,25}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has no links with other Swetings. He is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 494).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SWETING <OF TILBURY>. }{\insrsid12807907 Sweting, a free man who held 30 acres worth seven shillings at Tilbury in Essex acquired by William of Warenne}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 22,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has no links with other Swetings. He is one of two pre-Conquest landowners of this name.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par T}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7362026 E}{\insrsid12807907 PEKIN <OF HENLEY>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7362026 . }{\insrsid12807907 The three Tepekins in Domesday Book are very probably one man. His manors of Henley and 'Finesford' were acquired by }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid5578294 Roger of Auberville}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 29,11;14}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Barkestone by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5578294 Robert son of Corbucion}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 40,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. His overlord at both Henley and Barkestone was Earl Harold, all three manors lying within a few miles of each other in the far south-east of the county, outside Ipswich.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5578294 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7362026 .............................................................................................................................................
\par THEOBALD. Theobald }{\insrsid12807907 is a fairly uncommon name which occurs thirty times, distributed among s
ixteen counties between Devon and Yorkshire and the lands of the king and thirteen of his tenants-in-chief, one cluster in Hertfordshire accounting for more than a third of the names.
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7362026 .............................................................................................................................................
\par THEOBALD}{\insrsid12807907  <OF BARLEY>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7362026 . }{\insrsid12807907 The }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7362026 Theobald}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7362026  }{\insrsid12807907 
who held eleven manors in Hertfordshire from Hardwin of Scales are very probably one man}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7362026 37,2-3;5;9-11;15-19}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. There are no other Theobalds in the county, and Hardwin had none among his tenants elsewhere; most of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7362026 Theobald}{\insrsid12807907 's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7362026  }{\insrsid12807907 
manors were later held by the fitz Ralph family, descendants of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Theobald}{\insrsid12807907 '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 s}{\insrsid12807907  grandson Ralph: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16019781 VCH Hertfordshire}{
\insrsid12807907 , iii. 202, 210, 234; iv. 20-21, 39-40, 84, 111. Theobald was a juror in Thriplow Hundred in Cambridgeshire, described there as Hardwin's man: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7362026 Inquisition Comitatus Cantabrigiensis}{\insrsid12807907 
 (ed. Hamilton, pp. 43, 98). No Theobalds held land in Cambridgeshire, but Hardwin's tenant may be the unnamed man-at-arms who held Shepreth - in 'Wetherley' Hundred, adjacent to Thriplow - from Hardwin}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16019781 CAM 26,32}}}{
\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16019781 VCH Cambridgeshire}{\insrsid12807907 , v. 256. Theobald's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 1000)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  426, where it is suggested he may be a relative of Hardwin, a Theobald of Scales occurring in the next generation; see also Lewis, 'Domesday jurors', p. 39.
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7362026 .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 THEOBALD [* THE DOCTOR *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Theobald, who shared Widhill in Wiltshire with another royal servant, Humphrey the cook (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9438966 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
), is almost certainly Theobald the doctor, both being named in the Geld Roll for the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15401852  68,16}}}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15401852 VCH Wiltshire}{\insrsid12807907 
, ii. 210. He may also be the Theobald who held Shrewton from Edward of Salisbury}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7362026 WIL 24,35}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, the one other Theobald in the county and the only unidentified tenant of this name in the south-west. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907 
 (no. 1831)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  426.
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 THEOD}{\insrsid12807907 GER}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Theodger is a rare name which }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 occurs }{\insrsid12807907 three}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 
 times, distributed among }{\insrsid12807907 as many}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  counties and tenants-in-chief}{\insrsid12807907 , all borne by pre-Conquest lords with modest holdings.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 THEOD}{\insrsid12807907 GER <OF CLEVANCY>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Theodger, who shared a modest manor at Clevancy in Wiltshire with three other lords before the Conquest}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12470249 WIL 26,16}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is unlikely to be related to his namesakes on comparable holdings in Hampshire and Northamptonshire. His manor was acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12470249 Alfred of Marlborough}{
\insrsid12807907 .}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12470249 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 THEOD}{\insrsid12807907 GER <OF FARTHINGSTONE>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907  Theodger, who held roughly a sixth of a modest manor at Farthingstone in Northamptonshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12470249 NTH 18,57}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is unlikely to be related to his two namesakes south of the Thames.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12470249 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 THEOD}{\insrsid12807907 GER <OF MAPLEDURHAM>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Theodger, who held 2 1/2 hides in the royal manor of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12470249 Mapledurham}{\insrsid12807907 
 in Hampshire before the Conquest}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12470249 HAM 1,8}}}{\insrsid12807907 , has no links with his namesakes in Wiltshire and Northamptonshire. He is the most prosperous of the Theodgers, though modestly so.

\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par THEODRIC. If the tenants-in-chief Theodric Pointel and Theodric the goldsmith are excluded, Theodric is an uncommon name }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2513720 which }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 occurs }{\insrsid12807907 thirteen}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  times, distributed among }{\insrsid12807907 ten}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  counties and the lands of the king and }{\insrsid12807907 a dozen}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  of his tenants-in-chief}{
\insrsid12807907 , five being pre-Conquest landowners and eight post-Conquest.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10319276 {\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 THEODRIC <OF NORMANTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 
Theodric, who shared land worth twenty shillings at Normanton in Derbyshire acquired by Henry of Ferrers}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 6,91}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is the only Theodric north of the Wash. He has no links with other Theodrics.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 [* THEODRIC *] POINTEL. }{\insrsid12807907 Pointel, who occurs twice each on the fiefs of the bishop of Bayeux}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 18,7;19}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Ralph Baynard in Essex}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
ESS 33,4-5}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is probably Theodric Poi
ntel, a minor tenant-in-chief in the county who also occurs several times on royal manors, once in the company of Ralph Baynard the sheriff, apparently serving him, or with him, in an official capacity. Pointel does not appear elsewhere as a forename, and
 occurs nowhere else as a byname. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 1509)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 425, with the addition of the tenant of William of Warenne at Easton in Bedfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10319276 BDF 17,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, the only Warenne tenant in the county and the only Theodric on the Warenne Honour; the grounds for the identification are unclear.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par THEODULF. Theodulf is a very rare name which occurs two or three times, twice as a tenant in Shropshire, once as a pre-Conquest landowner in Somerset, though the pre-Conquest name (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9838163 Teolf}{\insrsid12807907 
) is possibly of different origin and a different name: von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12721020 Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 382-84.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9838163 {\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 THEODULF [* THE MASON *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Theodulf, who held 'Hawks
ley' and 'also' Pulley in Shropshire from Earl Roger }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14945931 of Shrewsbury}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,27,5-6}}}{\insrsid12807907 , may be Theodulf the mason (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14945931 cementarius}{\insrsid12807907 
), named in charters of the abbey of S\'e9es cited by Dr Keats-Rohan. He is the only post-Conquest landowner of this name and is possibly the only Theodulf in Domesday Book, the pre-Conquest }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9838163 Teolf}{\i\insrsid12807907  
}{\insrsid12807907 of Somerset recognised by the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8214004 Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England}{\i\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907 and von Feilitzen (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12721020 Pre-Conquest personal names}{
\insrsid12807907 , pp. 382-84) as another Theodulf being possibly Tholf the Dane (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9838163 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ). Theodulf's tenancies are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 9227)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  425.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 THOLF. }{\insrsid12807907 The name Tholf occurs
 roughly sixteen times, distributed among six counties and the lands of the king and five of his tenants-in-chief, all in 1066. There are five occurrences in the northern counties and one in Suffolk; the remainder are in the south-west. The name is confus
ed on occasions by the scribe with Toli while such rare or unique forms as Thurs, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9838163 Teolf}{\insrsid12807907  and }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9838163 Tous}{\insrsid12807907 
 may represent Tholf though recognised as separate names in the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8214004 Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England}{\insrsid12807907  and von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12721020 Pre-Conquest personal names}{
\insrsid12807907 , pp. 384, 386, 388-90, 397.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 THOLF <OF ASTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is uncommon, the Tholfs who held land in the adjacent vills of Totley and Aston in Derbyshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 17,4-5}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are very probably one man. It is possible that he is Tholf of Tillington in Staffordshire, but there are no links to confirm this.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2754104 THOLF <OF REIGHTON>. Tholf}{\insrsid12807907  (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14241350 T}{\i\insrsid12807907 o}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14241350 f}{\insrsid12807907 ), whose shared manor}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2754104  at Reighton in Yorkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 1E16}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2754104  }{\insrsid12807907 was apparently untenanted in 1086, has no links with other Tholfs, all distant}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2754104 .}{
\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2754104 THOLF <OF RENDHAM>.Tholf}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2754104  }{\insrsid12807907 a }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2754104 free man}{\insrsid12807907  who shared thirty-five acres with four other free }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid3164895 men at Rendham in Suffolk }{\insrsid12807907 acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6561625 Roger Bigot}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3164895 SUF 7,148}}}{
\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3164895  has no }{\insrsid12807907 links with other}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3164895  Tholfs, all distant.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 THOLF <OF }{\insrsid12807907 TILLINGTON}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 
As the name is rare in the region, the Tholfs who held land at Tillington and Hanford in Staffordshire - a dozen miles apart - may be one man, though the manors were acquired by different tenants-in-chief}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 11,1. 13,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 THOLF [* THE DANE *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Tholfs who preceded William of Eu at Deane in Hampshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 32,2}}}{\insrsid12807907  and on six manors in Dorset}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
DOR 34,2;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1518943 6;8;12;14-15}}}{\insrsid12807907  are probably Tholf the Dane, his predecessor on the valuable manor of 'Somborne' in Hampshire. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 William also had predecessor}{\insrsid12807907 
s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  named Toli (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Tholi, Toli}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ) in Devon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 22,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Dorset}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
DOR 34,5}}}{\insrsid12807907  and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 32,16-17}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Thurs (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Torsus}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ) at Powderham in Devon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 22,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9838163 Teolf}{\insrsid12807907  at Tickenham in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 26,8}}}{\insrsid12807907  and }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9838163 Tous}{\insrsid12807907  Upton Scudamore in Wiltshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 At Upton he is Toli in one entry}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 32,17}}}{\insrsid12807907  and }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9838163 Tous}{\insrsid12807907  in another, both referring to the same matter}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 25,23}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Although all these forms are regarded as separate names, this plethora of}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  rare or unique forms }{\insrsid12807907 on the Honour}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  of one tenant-in-chief}{\insrsid12807907  suggest }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 scrib}{\insrsid12807907 
al errors, as is clearly the case with the Toli recorded as }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9838163 Tous}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Both the Tholf and Toli name-forms contributed substantial manors to their successor}{\insrsid12807907 , as did }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9838163 Teolf}{\insrsid12807907  of Tickenham. I}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 n Dorset}{\insrsid12807907 , Toli's manor of L}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13768236 ytchett }{\insrsid12807907 M}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13768236 
atravers}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 is six miles from Tholf's manor at Wareham, while}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 the manors of Thurs and Toli constituted the fief of William in Devon. Tholf, Toli, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9838163 Teolf}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9838163 Tous}{\insrsid12807907  and Thurs are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 therefore }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
treated here as one man}{\insrsid12807907 . Dr Clarke suggests that the Toli whose valuable manor of Shepton Montague was acquired by the Count of Mortain}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9838163 SOM 19,57}}}{
\insrsid12807907  is the same man. As this is the only }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1518943 other substantial manor held by a Toli in the south-western counties}{\insrsid12807907 
 and the Count had no other Toli (or variants) on his Honour, this is not unlikely. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1518943 A list of Tholf's manors is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1518943 English nobility, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1518943 
p. 350, which does not include Powderham}{\insrsid12807907 , Tickenham or the manor in Upton Scudamore held by }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9838163 Tous}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1518943 .}{\insrsid12807907 
 Dr Clarke ranks Tholf forty-sixth in wealth among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 untitled laymen; the additional manors would raise him three places.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 THORBERT.}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Thorbert is an uncommon }{\insrsid12807907 
name which occurs twenty-two times, distributed among thirteen counties and the lands of the king and as many of his tenants-in-chief, confined to England south of Northampton. The name is treated by the scribe as interchangeable with Thorbiorn at times, 
as with Colbern/Colbert, Fridebern/Fridebert, Ketilbert/Ketilbiorn, Osbern/Osbert}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9728931 .
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par THORBERT <}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OF C}{\insrsid12807907 HELLINGTON>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 All 
Thorberts in Bedfordshire, Buckinghamshire and Northamptonshire are probably one man. The tenants of the bishop of Coutances and Robert of Tosny at Clifton Reynes in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 5,19. 18,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 almost certainly are, as also the tenant of Countess Judith at Sutton in Bedfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 53,26}}}{\insrsid12807907 , both she and the bishop acquiring manors from a Thorbert, Countess Judith at Lavendon}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
BUK 53,5}}}{\insrsid12807907  - adjacent to Clifton - and the bishop at Chellington in Bedfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 3,10}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, five miles from Lavendon, the most valuable of his manors. There are no other tenants of this name in the two counties, and only one other pre-Conquest landowner, who is possibly the same man (below). The bishop and the Countess a
lso had a tenant named Thorbiorn at Horton in Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 4,28. 56,34}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. As Horton is eight miles across the county border from Lavendon, and the only other survivors of this name are in Yorkshire and Essex, the coincidence of bishop, Countess an
d vill make it likely that Thorbiorn is a scribal error for Thorbert, the only tenant of that name in the county.
\par \tab Less certainly, the one remaining Thorbert in the three counties, who held Turville in Buckinghamshire before the Conquest}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 39,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , may b
e Thorbert of Chellington, Turville being the most valuable of all these manors, appropriate for a landowner with significant interests in three counties. If so, then all Thorberts - and two Thorbiorns - in the three counties are one man. One other Thorbe
rt held land both before and after the Conquest, Thorbert son of Chembel, conceivably the same man, but there are no links to confirm this. Thorbert's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 1820)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  429, apart from his subtenancy from Robert of Tosny.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 THORBERT [* SON OF CHEMBEL *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Thorbert, who held Marten among the royal servants of Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 68,13}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, may be the man who held Swindon before the Conquest}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 68,25}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, one of only two other Thorberts in the south-western counties. The Thorbert identified in these notes as Thorbert of Chellington also held land before and after the Conqu
est so it is not impossible he is the same man, though there are no links to confirm this. Dr Keats-Rohan }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 tentatively }{\insrsid12807907 suggests }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
that the Thorbert at Marten may be Thorbert son of Chembel}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who occurs in the Pipe Roll }{\insrsid12807907 of 1130. His manor is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 6658)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  429.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 THORB}{\insrsid12807907 IORN}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Thorb}{\insrsid12807907 iorn}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  is an uncommon }{\insrsid12807907 
name which occurs in thir
teen counties, twelve of them north of the Thames between Gloucestershire and Yorkshire, on the lands of more than twenty tenants-in-chief. There are small clusters in Essex, Northamptonshire and Yorkshire, and on the Honours of Count Alan of Brittany and
 the Count of Mortain. The name is treated by the scribe as interchangeable with Thorbiorn at times, as with Colbern/Colbert, Fridebern/Fridebert, Ketilbert/Ketilbiorn and Osbern/Osbert.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 THORBIORN [* OF ORWELL *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Thorbiorn, whose manor of Orwell in Cambridgeshire was acquired by Count Alan of Brittany}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 14,41}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is very probably Thorbert (}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2640176 Turbertus}{\insrsid12807907 ) of Orwell, an English juror of 'Wetherley' Hundred where Orwell lay: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2640176 Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis}{\insrsid12807907 
 (ed. Hamilton, p. 68). He is probably also the Thorbiorn who preceded Count Alan at Reed in Hertfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 16,6}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; at Reed he was the man of Ede
va the fair and at Orwell he held under her. Count Alan also had two Thorbiorns and a Thorbert among his predecessors in Norfolk, one of whom held under Earl Harold, Edeva's husband; another Thorbiorn, at Castle Acre, also held land under Harold}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NFK 4,18;32-33. 22,16}}}{\insrsid12807907 . These would be tenuous links but for the fact that they are the only Thorbiorns and one of only two Thorberts in the county.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 THORBIORN <OF SIBTHORPE>. }{\insrsid12807907 Thorbiorn, whose manor of Sibthorpe in Nottinghamshire was acquired by William Peverel}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 10,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has no links with his namesakes, all remote; and Peverel has no other Thorbiorns - or Thorberts - on his Honour; neither name occurs elsewhere in the county.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 THORBIORN <OF }{\insrsid12807907 TOLLESHUNT}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 All Thorbiorns and Thorberts in Essex may be one man. All but one of the Thorbiorns}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 28,2;5;12. B3b}}}{
\insrsid12807907  are predecessors of Haimo the sheriff, as are both Thorberts}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 28,17-18}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Haimo's predecessor is a man of substance. He had a house, a court, a hide of land and fiftee
n burgesses in Colchester, where he is designated as Haimo's predecessor, and also five substantial manors. It is likely, therefore, that he is the predecessor of Count Eustace of Boulogne at Tolleshunt}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 20,57}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, the most valuable of the manors in 1066
. Tolleshunt is between three and six miles from Totham and Osea Island, held by Haimo's predecessor. There are no other Thorbiorns or Thorberts on either Honour. It is possible, though unverifiable, that he is the Thorbiorn responsible for the annexation
 of twenty-two acres in Colne}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid66532 ESS 90,80}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, the one survivor of either name in the county, or indeed in Little Domesday. If so, this was a particularly steep decline in the fortunes of one of the more substantial landowners in the county before the Conquest.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid66532 

\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 THORB}{\insrsid12807907 RAND [* SON OF KARLI *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 All Thorbrands in Domesday Book are probably one man, Thorbrand son of Karli, lor
d of Settrington in Yorkshire, a county in which all his manors lay. Sixteen of his twenty manors - totalling over sixty carucates - were acquired by Berengar of Tosny}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13594840 8N1;8-10;23}{
\insrsid12807907 -}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13594840 28. 8W1-2. 8E1;3-4;6}}}{\insrsid12807907 , whose entire fief in Yorkshire was obtained from either Thorbrand or Gamal (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7739168 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
), the latter almost certainly Thorbrand's brother. A further two manors were held by the king in 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13594840 1N48. 1W30}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and one each by William of Percy}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid13594840 13N12}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Hugh son of Baldric}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13594840 23N4}}}{\insrsid12807907 , both of whom obtai
ned many other manors from Karli's family. These last four manors lay in the same wapentakes as those of Berengar of Tosny, at no great distance from at least one of them. Thorbrand is almost certainly one of the four sons of Karli who were among the lead
ers of the first attack on York castle in 1069 according to Orderic Vitalis (ii. 222-23). Orderic does not name the sons; but according to the tract }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13594840 De obsessione Dunelmi}{\insrsid12807907 
 which describes their long running feud with the House of Bamburgh, one of the last ac
ts in this drama was the massacre of members of the family of Karli in the winter of 1073/74, 'when they were feasting together at their elder brother's house at Settrington', in the East Riding}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 8E3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
: Morris, 'Marriage and murder', pp. 3-4; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13594840 Early charters of northern England}{\insrsid12807907 
, p. 149. Thorbrand, who held the only manor in Settrington, is evidently the elder brother, one of those killed on that day. }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13594840 De obsessione Dunelmi}{\insrsid12807907 
 names two of his brothers who survived the massacre, Cnut (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13594840 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ) and Sumarlithi (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16542661 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
), both of whom probably held land in the region, as did their father. As noted above, Gamal was probably the fourth brother, a fifth (unrecorded by Orderic) may have been another Karli.
\par \tab Although the eldest, Thorbrand does not appear to be the 
best-endowed of his family, though his assessed land of almost 100 hides - probably a better guide than manorial values to status in Yorkshire - would place him among the more substantial landowners in the county. As a family, Karli's sons enjoyed a manor
ial income in excess of \'a3100 and assessed land of more than 600 hides if the bulk of the identifications suggested in these notes are correct, which would rank them among the three dozen wealthiest untitled laymen in the country if included in Clarke, 
}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13251585 English nobilit}{\insrsid12807907 
y; in assessed land, they were exceeded among laymen only by the royal family and some earls. As the family is prominent in the history of the north in the eleventh-century and took a leading role in the revolt against Norman rule, this is perhap
s unsurprising.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 THORF}{\insrsid12807907 IN <OF RAVENSWORTH>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 It is probable that most - perhaps all - Thorfins in Domesday Book are 
one man. The name is confined to Yorkshire, for the most part to the North and West Ridings and the adjacent areas of Westmoreland and North Lancashire. The bulk of these manors were acquired by Count Alan of Brittany}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 6N7;11;18;38-}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid4420549 44;47;49-51;58;67;73;75-76;78;80;91;135-137;141}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and these were almost certainly held by one man since most of them were used to endow Bodin brother of Bardulf (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2439683 
q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ), a relative of the Count, all but two of whose manors came from Thorfin, evidently designated by the Count 
as Bodin's predecessor, a point emphasised in the text which several times records that only Thorfin's parts of shared manors went to Bodin}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 6N18;47;67;135}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Thorfin's manors in Craven went to Roger of Poitou, and the wasted manors of Amounderness were retained by the king}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 1L4. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9778626 30W7-8;35}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. As Dr Lewis indicates, their distribution points to a strategic role assigned to one important landowner to control the exits from the Yorkshire Dales, 'a vital sector of the Pennines, where the Roman road from
 the Eden valley over Stainmore enters Teesdale near Barnard Castle', the principal invasion route in and out of Yorkshire: Lewis , 'Introduction to the Lancashire Domesday', p. 33. Thorfin 'was the guardian of the Vale of York', and as such probably the 
Thorfin with land in and around York itself}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS C3;29. SN,Y8}}}{\insrsid12807907 , which makes it not unlikely that he also held the manors acquired by Count Robert of Mortain}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 5N33-34;67-68}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9778626 
;71. 5E70;72}}}{\insrsid12807907 , three of which lay between York and those acquired by Count Alan,
 one of them - Breckenbrough - seven miles from the nearest of Alan's manors. It is improbable that Count Robert had a second Thorfin among his predecessors, who held the other four manors. The one remaining manor, Staxton in the East Riding}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
YKS 1E18}}}{\insrsid12807907 , waste and retained by the king, is a few miles from several of those of the Count's predecessor.
\par \tab Dr Lewis suggests that Thorfin might be Thorfin son of Thor, granted extensive rights in the area south-west of Carlisle by Gospatric at some date between 1041 and 1055: Lewis , 'Introduction to the Lancashire Domesday', pp. 33-34; Harmer, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2439683 Writs}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 419-24, 531-36. If not, then he was perhaps a descendant bearing a 'family' name. A Thor shared two of the manors acquired by Count Alan from Thorfin}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 6N11;18}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, though that name is common in Yorkshire.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 THORFRIDH. }{\insrsid12807907 Thorfridh is a common name but, with one exception}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 34,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, entirely confined to the counties of Lincolnshire, Nottinghamshire and Yorkshire, where it occurs on the lands of the king and nineteen of his tenants-in-chief. All Thorfridhs are pre-Conquest landowners.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 THORFRIDH <OF }{\insrsid12807907 BOLE}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 In view of the distribution of the name, it is probable that the Thorfridhs who preceded Roge
r of Bully at Barnby and Bole in Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 9,54;118}}}{\insrsid12807907  are one man. The two vills are about ten miles apart. Roger had no other Thorfridhs among his predecessors.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 THORGER}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7569261 .}{\insrsid12807907 
 Thorger is a rare name which occurs nine times, distributed among seven counties and the lands of the king and six of his tenants-in-chief. One Thorger survived as a tenant in 1086.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 THORGER <OF CAXTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, the Thorgers who held Weston and Caxton in Cambridgeshire, both acquired by Hardwin of Scales}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 26,6;42}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, are probably one man. He was a royal thane, and the most prosperous of the Thorgers, so might be expected to have manors elsewhere; but he has no links with his nearest namesakes in Suffolk and Northamptonshire, or any others.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 THORGER <OF HOPTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 Thorger, who held a modest manor at Hopton in Suffolk before 1066}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 1,51}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is t
he only Thorger in Little Domesday. His nearest namesake is the royal thane Thorger at Caxton in Cambridgeshire, some thirty miles away, conceivably the same man; but there are no links to confirm this.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 THORGER <OF HORSLEY>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, the Thorgers who held Horsley and }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14421169 Herdebi}{\insrsid12807907  in Derbyshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 11,2;5}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, both acquired by Ralph of Buron, are probably one man. If the site at }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14421169 Herdebi}{\insrsid12807907  is in Coxbench, as suggested in the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9705115 Place-Names of Derbyshire}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid9705115  }{\insrsid12807907 (}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9705115 iii. 570}{\insrsid12807907 ), then Horsley and }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14421169 Herdebi}{\insrsid12807907 
 are adjacent. No other Thorger held land in Derbyshire or the adjacent counties.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 THORGER <OF NEWTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 Thorger, who held a small manor worth six shillings at Newton in Northamptonshire }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 as }{\insrsid12807907 predecessor and}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 tenant of Countess Judith}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 56,30}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2703905  the only survivor of his name}{\insrsid12807907 
; he has no links with other Thorgers}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2703905 .}{\insrsid12807907  He is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 27478).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par THORGER <OF PEDMORE>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, the Thorger whose manor at Pedmore in Worcestershire was acquired by William son of Ansculf}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WOR 23,12}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 may be the Thorger at Pixley in Herefordshire. Pedmore is a reasonably substantial manor, to which houses in Worcester were attached, Worcester lying between the two vills; but there are no specific links to support an identification.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 THORGER <OF PIXLEY>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, the Thorger whose small manor at Pixley in Herefordshire was acquired by Ansfrid of Cormeilles}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 21,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 may be the Thorger at Pedmore; but there are no specific links to support an identification.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 THORGER <OF STEEL>. }{\insrsid12807907 Thorger, who shared a thirteen-shilling manor at Steel in Shropshire with three other English lords acquired by Roger of Courseulles}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,7,5}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has no links with his namesakes.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 THORGOT [* LAG *]. Thorgot Lag}{\insrsid12807907  was an important Lincolnshire landowner who }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 had full jurisdiction and market rights in Yorkshire and Lincolnshire}{\insrsid12807907 
. He was one of the 'hostages for all Lindsey' held in Lincoln castle by the Conqueror during the northern revolt of 1068, later becoming a monk of Durham: Williams, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4204244 English and the Norman Conquest}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 27, 151-52. He}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is named as the predecessor of Robert of Tosny on }{\insrsid12807907 several valuable manors in Lincolnshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , all of which }{\insrsid12807907 
Robert subinfeudated to his son}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Berengar. He is almost certainly}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  therefore}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 the Thorgot who preceded Robert at Buslingthorpe and Corringham in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 18,3-6}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and North Dalton and Naburn in Yorkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 7E1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, also held by Berengar from his father. All Berengar's tenancies from his father came from Thorgot. As tenant-in-chief, Berengar himself acquired Broughton and Horley in Oxfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 34,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 and Broadholme in Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 21,3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 from a Thorgot, the only man of this name in Nottinghamshire and one of two in Oxfordshire. Broadholme was shared with William Percy, so the Thorgot who preceded Percy on the manor of Wickenby in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 22,10-14}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  may be Thorgot Lag. The manor and its dependencies lay in the same general area as those of Berengar, his manor of Buslingthorpe being }{\insrsid12807907 four}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  from Wickenby.
\par \tab The three remaining Thorgots in Lincolnshire are also within a few }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  of a Lag manor. One of }{\insrsid12807907 them}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  - Holton le Clay}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
LIN 12,18}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  - was held by a Wimund in 1086, as was the one other Thorgot manor in Oxfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 40,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, Wimund being a comparatively uncommon name. This is suggestive; but in the absence of tenurial or other associations, these Thorgots are treated as separate individuals, as are the three in Yorkshire. A list of Thorgot's manors is given by Clarke, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 English nobility}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 344, which include}{\insrsid12807907 s those assigned above to Lag, apart from}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Broadholme }{\insrsid12807907 and}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Wickenby. }{\insrsid12807907 Dr Clarke }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ranks him sixty-fifth in wealth among untitled laymen; the addition of Wickenby would raise him four places}{\insrsid12807907 ; }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Broadholme }{\insrsid12807907 had no value}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 THORI }{\insrsid12807907 [* SON OF ROALD *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 The Thoris from whom Walter of Aincourt acquired manors in Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 38,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 11,2}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13649883 -9;11;18-25}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Yorkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13649883 19W1}{\insrsid12807907 -2}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 31,1;3-8}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid13649883 . CK55}}}{\insrsid12807907  are probably T}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13649883 hori son of Roald}{\insrsid12807907 , who had full jurisdiction and market rights in Lincolnshire. If, as seems likely, the Stori at Rawcliffe}
{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
YKS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4609808 19W3}}}{\insrsid12807907  is a scribal error for Thori, Thori provided Walter's whole fief in Yorkshire: }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4609808 Fellows-Jensen}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4609808 
 'On the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7237629 identification of Domesday tenants in Lincolnshire', p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7237629 . 36-37. In Nottinghamshire Walter's}{\insrsid12807907 
 predecessor is the only Thori in the county. He may also be the Thori at Hougham and Ropsley in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 7,54-55. 18,24}}}{\insrsid12807907 , both substantial manors. Ropsley i
s a mile from Thori's manor of Humby, and Hougham roughly midway between those of Cotham in Nottinghamshire and Belton in Lincolnshire, about seven miles from either. The one other Thori in Lincolnshire, at Bonthorpe and its dependency}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
LIN 3,51-52}}}{\insrsid12807907 , may 
be another man, Bonthorpe being one of the more modest manors, and almost fifty miles from the nearest of those of Walter of Aincourt's predecessor. Aincourt's predecessor is probably the one Thori in Derbyshire, though his manor of Sutton-on-the-Hill was
 acquired by Henry of Ferrers}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2760456 DBY 6,39}}}{\insrsid12807907 . This is suggested by what appears to be a scribal error of Stori for Thori in an entry relating to a Stori w
ho ' could make himself a church on his land and in his jurisdiction, without anyone's permission, and dispose of his tithe where he would'}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY B16}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. This Stori is described as a man of Walter of Aincourt, who had no Storis among his predecessors, so a s
cribal error similar to that in Yorkshire may reasonably be suspected here. Thori had a church at Sutton to which this entry may well refer, the two entries reinforcing the suggestion of a scribal error and the identification of Walter's predecessor at Su
tton. Another link points to the same conclusion while explaining the association with Henry of Ferrers. Henry had a tenant named Roald (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6567936 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
) who may well be Thori's father. His father is likely to be the Roald who held a manor in Belton, as did Thori himself}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 31,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. The father appears to have survived the Conquest, but probably not his son, since the only Thori holding land in 1086 was at Hendred in Berkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11731023 BRK 3,2}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , without apparent links to the Lincolnshire magnate.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13649883 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 THORKIL [* OF DIGSWELL *]. Thorkil}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held land at Digswell in Broadwater Hundred in Hertfordshire from Geoffrey de Mandeville}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 33,5}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  is }{\insrsid12807907 almost certainly}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Thorkil of Digsw}{\insrsid12807907 ell, the juror in that Hundred, where Digswell lay: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Inquisitio Eliensis}{
\insrsid12807907  (ed. Hamilton}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , p. 100}{\insrsid12807907 )}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Thorkil had held Digswell }{\insrsid12807907 for two decades}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 so he may be the Thorkil who preceded Geoffrey at Bengeo}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 33,15}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , six miles away, and the Thorkil }{\insrsid12807907 at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Libury}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 30,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
, eight miles from Bengeo, the only other}{\insrsid12807907  Thorkils}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in the county. }{\insrsid12807907 At Digswell and Bengeo, he is described as a man of Esger the constable. H}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
e may also be the Thorkil who held Wymington in Bedfordshire at both dates}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 57,21}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , one of few }{\insrsid12807907 
Thorkils to retain the same manor for twenty years; the manors are forty miles apart}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907  His manor of Digswell is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 2815)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  428, the tenant at }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Wymington }{\insrsid12807907 is unidentified (no. 490).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 THORKIL <OF }{\insrsid12807907 HICKLING}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 It is likely that most if not all Thorkils in Nottinghamshire are one man.
 Three tenants-in-chief acquired his manors: Ilbert of Lacy at East Stoke and Hickling in Newark and Bingham wapentakes}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 20,3-4;8}}}{\insrsid12807907 
; Roger of Bully, with six holdings in 'Bassetlaw and 'Lythe' wapentakes}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 9,15;57-61}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; and Ralph of Buron, at Cotgrave}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 15,9-10}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Roger and Ilbert may have obtained Thorkil's lands because they received blocks grants of unallocated land in those wapentakes, rendering tenurial considerations dubious or irrelevant: Fleming, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2189113 Kings and lords}{
\insrsid12807907 , pp. 158, 162-64. Cotgrave 
lay in Bingham, a 'Lacy' wapentake, Ralph not being sufficiently important to have his own, so this Thorkil might be another man, though the vill is only five miles from Hickling. None of the three tenants-in-chief had predecessors or tenants of this name
 elsewhere; and although Thorkil is a common name, Thorkils are only numerous in one of the five adjacent counties, Yorkshire. Three others yield one name between them, and the majority of those in Lincolnshire can be attributed to Thorkil the Dane.

\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 THORKIL [* OF WARWICK *]. }{\insrsid12807907 All Thorkils in Warwickshire, Oxfordshire and Staffordshire may be Thorkil of Warwick}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , also known as Thorkil of Arden}{\insrsid12807907 
, a tenant-in-chief in Warwickshire, one of a handful of Englishmen who prospered under Norman rule. He is probably the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Thorkil who held a half-hide at Barston in Warwickshire }{\insrsid12807907 a}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 cquired by Robert }{\insrsid12807907 d'Oilly}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 WA}{\insrsid12807907 R 44,15}}}{\insrsid12807907 , since he}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  held in
 chief in the vill}{\insrsid12807907  - }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 a 'family' vill}{\insrsid12807907  -}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  with Robert d'Oilly as his tenant: Williams, 'A vice-comital family', p. 293. }{\insrsid12807907 
Thorkil of Warwick}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 survived elsewhere for two decades, almost certainly retaining}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Ashow and Brandon}{\insrsid12807907  on his fief during that period, though 
the texts are ambiguous on this point}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . The descent of Drayton in Oxfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 57,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 identifies him as the tenant-in-chief of this single-manor fief, which in turn means he is the Thorkil of a duplicate entry}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 12,31}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  where he is mistakenly named }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Turstin}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  by the scribe: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 VCH Oxfordshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, i. 422 note 4. The Abingdon chronicle }{\insrsid12807907 names}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  him as the abbey's tenant at Hill in 1066}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 7,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 : }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Historia Ecclesie Abbendonensis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , ii. 10-13, 26-27. He may also be the Thorkil who held Syerscote in Staffordshire from Robert of Stafford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 11,48}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  he and other members of his family witness}{\insrsid12807907 ing}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  charters of Robert of Stafford and his heir: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Staffordshire chartulary}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 178-82, 195-98. Less certainly, he may be the Thorkil Battock}{\insrsid12807907  at Kineton Green}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and the Thorkil at }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Ermendone}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Exhall in Warwickshire, whose manors devolved upon William son of Corbucion}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 28,1-2;12}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. There appears to be a connection of some kind between William and Thorkil's family}{\insrsid12807907 , two of whom }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 - Almer of Barston (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
) and Ordric of Ettington (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ) - may have been William's tenants in 1086, all three of their manors lying close to others held by Thorkil of Warwick. }{\insrsid12807907 
His byname suggests he is the Thorkil with four messuages in the borough}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR B2}}}{\insrsid12807907 . I}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 t is }{\insrsid12807907 not unlikely}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 that he is the Thorkil at Chalgrove in Oxfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 35,6}}}{\insrsid12807907 , which}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  devolved upon Miles Crispin, son-in-law of Robert d'Oilly, who held several manors from Thorkil himself. }{\insrsid12807907 T
}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 he one other Thorkil in the three counties}{\insrsid12807907 , a tenant of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15939567 William son of Ansculf}{\insrsid12807907  at Rushall in Staffordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid15939567 12,26}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has no apparent links; but as the one other surviving Thorkil in these counties he, too, is possibly Thorkil of Warwick. William had no other tenants of this name, and his one predecessor, at Kingston in Berkshire, was killed at Hastings: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Historia Ecclesie Abbendonensis}{\insrsid12807907 , pp.222-25. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Thorkil has been described as one of only two Englishmen with 'estates of baronial dimensions' in 1086. Much of his fief, however, was subinfeudated, and more than twenty English survivors had greater disposable 
income than he: Palmer, 'Wealth of the secular aristocracy', p. 280. His manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 2559) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 429, apart from Exhall and the Staffordshire manors, whose tenants are unidentified (nos. 28507, 31519, 31572)}{\insrsid12807907 ; Dr Williams suggests he held only Drayton outside Warwickshire: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4204244 English and the Norman Conquest}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 104.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 THORKIL [* THE DANE *]. The Thorkil}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  whose lands in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 53,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , Huntingdonshire
}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }
{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 HUN 20,1-2}{\insrsid12807907 . D26}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 56,7-8;28;49}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 and Leicestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 40,26}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  devolved upon Countess Judith }{\insrsid12807907 are very probably}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 Thorkil of Harringworth, who granted land in Sawtry to the abbey of Ramsey and leased land in Conington from the abbey of Thorney, Harringworth, Sawtry and Conington being among }{\insrsid12807907 the manors acquired by the Countess}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Early charters of eastern England}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 38-39, 236-38. The tenurial link suggest}{\insrsid12807907 s that}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 Thorkil of Harringworth}{\insrsid12807907  is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Thorkil the Dane, whose substantial manor at Leighton Bromswold}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HUN 2,8}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 was granted to the bishop of Lincoln by Earl Waltheof, husband of Countess Judith. He }{\insrsid12807907 was}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  probably one of the principal leaders of the Fenland revolt associated with Hereward the Wake: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Liber Eliensis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , ed. Blake, p. 179. The Red Book of Thorney records that his confiscated lands were granted to Earl Waltheof, which explains how Countess Judith came to be in posse
ssion of many of them: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Early charters of eastern England}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 236-38.
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 \tab }{\insrsid12807907 Dr }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Hart }{\insrsid12807907 suggests }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 he is }{\insrsid12807907 probably}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 the neighbour of Hereward in Lincolnshire, holding land in the same }{\insrsid12807907 wapentake}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 s and even in the vills most closely associated with Hereward, Rippingale and Bourne}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
LIN 2,32-3}{\insrsid12807907 3. 12,90. 26,40-42. 27,40;51-53}}}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Danelaw}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 636-40}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 He also}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  suggests that he }{\insrsid12807907 can be identified with}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Toki}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 who held estates in Cambridgeshire and Norfolk which descended to Frederic, the brother-in-law of William of Warenne who was slain by Hereward, }{\insrsid12807907 the main evidence for this being that Domesday Book names him }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13770184 Tochil}{\insrsid12807907  at Kennett}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 18,8}}}{\insrsid12807907  and the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 and the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13770184 Inquisitio Eliensis}{\i\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907 variously as }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13770184 Tochillus}{\insrsid12807907 , }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13770184 Thorkillus}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13770184 Torchillus}{\insrsid12807907  and }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13770184 Thurchillus}{\insrsid12807907  at Trumpington }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 (}{\insrsid12807907 ed. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Hamilton, p}{\insrsid12807907 p. 50, 107}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 )}{\insrsid12807907 . However, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13770184 Tochil}{
\insrsid12807907  is a recognised form for Toki, and the Domesday scribe corrected the satellite forms at Trumpington to }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13770184 Tochi}{\insrsid12807907 
. Although liable to scribal confusion, Toki and Thorkil are distinct and common names, not equivalents: }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15150746 von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid12807907 Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 81-82, 385-86, 394-95. }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Frederic}{\insrsid12807907 's successor is more likely to be }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Toki of Walton (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ).}{\insrsid12807907 
\par \tab If Thorkil is the predecessor of Countess Judith at Hollingdon}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 53,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , then h
e survived on this modest fragment of his previous estate. The tenant of Hollingdon is unidentified in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14299180  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14299180 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14299180  (no. 1527). A list of }{
\insrsid12807907 Thorkil's pre-Conquest }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14299180 manors is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14299180 English}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13770184  nobility}{\i\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 
pp. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 346-47}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 , }{\insrsid12807907 which}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  }{\insrsid12807907 does not include }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Leighton Bromswold}{\insrsid12807907  or
}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the Lincolnshire holdings}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  or connect Thorkil with either of his bynames}{\insrsid12807907 . Dr Clarke ranks him seventy-fifth in wealth among}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 untitled laymen; the additional manors would place him among the top forty.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 THORKIL [* THE PRIEST *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Thorkil, who held a church in Huntingdon with Burgred}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HUN B12}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is identified as Thorkil the priest by a more detailed account in the entry for }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14639124 Botuluesbrige}{\cs23\i\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HUN 19,9}}}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 THORKIL [* WHITE *]. }{\insrsid12807907 
All Thorkils in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Herefordshire and Gloucestershire}{\insrsid12807907  may be Thorkil White. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Earl William son of Osbern gave the manor of Old Radnor in Herefordshire to Hugh the ass 'when he gave him the land of his predecessor, Thorkil'}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 1,65}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. This Thorkil is }{\insrsid12807907 almost certainly }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Thorkil White, who is accorded his byname on three of Hugh's manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 29,2;11;20}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. Thorkil and his wife Leoffled (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ) are named in two late Anglo-Saxon lawsuits, one of which refers to one of these manors, at Wellington}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 29,11}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 : Robertson, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Charters}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 150-53, 186-87, 399-402, 435. The bulk of the remainder Hugh's fief in Herefordshire came to him from Leoffled and Thorkil, }{
\insrsid12807907 who are }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 probably }{\insrsid12807907 therefore the husband and wife}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 29,12;16}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .
\par \tab Thorkil White may also be the Thorkil whose Herefordshire estates were acquired by Roger of Lacy}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 10,25;32-34;37-38;44}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Roger's manor of Lyde }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 three }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  from Wellington and }{\insrsid12807907 four}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 from another White manor at Credenhill. In Gloucestershire, moreover, the only Thorkils in the county are predecessors of Hugh the ass}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 63,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 and Roger of Lacy}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 39,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , an unlikely coincidence if the predecessors of Hugh and Roger }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 different men. Thorkil may also have been the predecessor of William son of Baderon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 15,6-7;9}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , whose manors lay within }{\insrsid12807907 a few}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{
\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  of those of Roger of Lacy in Radlow Hundre
d. Both Roger and William acquired manors of comparable status to those of Hugh the ass; and between them the three tenants-in-chief succeeded to the manors of all Thorkils in Herefordshire and Gloucestershire.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 \tab The earliest of the lawsuits in which Thorki
l was involved dates from the reign of Cnut (1016-1035)}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  so Thorkil was probably dead before 1086. A list of his and his wife's manors is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
English nobility, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 pp. 345-46, which does not include Oxenhall in Gloucestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 39,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 Dr Clarke }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
ranks Thorkil and his wife fifty-first in wealth among untitled laymen; the addition of Oxenhall would raise them one place.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \cbpat8 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 THORN}{\insrsid12807907 
. Thorn is a rare name which occurs three times in Yorkshire, five in Norfolk and nowhere else, all borne by pre-Conquest landowners.}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid14484778 THORN <OF HEMPNALL>. }{\insrsid12807907 As}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14484778  the name}{\insrsid12807907 
 is rare and its distribution skewed}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14484778 , it is }{\insrsid12807907 very likely}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14484778  that the Thorns whose }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid14484778 
valuable group of manors in the south-east of Norfolk were acquired by Ralph Baynard are }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 one}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid14484778  }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 man}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 31,6-8;10}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14484778 . }{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid14484778 It is possible, but less likely, that he is the one other }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 Thorn }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid14484778 in Norfolk, with a ploughland}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{
\cf1\insrsid12807907 at Hunstanton }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid14484778 on the western edge of the county}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 NFK 9,9}}}{\insrsid12807907 : Mortimer, 'Baynards of Baynard's Castle', p. 248.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 THORN <OF HUNSTANTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 As}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14484778  the name}{\insrsid12807907  is rare}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14484778 , it is }{\insrsid12807907 possible - but perhaps unlikely}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14484778  }{\insrsid12807907 - }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14484778 that the Thorn}{\insrsid12807907  }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid14484778 with a ploughland on the western edge of }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 Norfolk a
cquired by Roger Bigot}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 NFK 9,9}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  is Thorn of Hempnall, whose valuable manors in the south-east of the county}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14484778  }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 devolved upon}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid14484778  Ralph Baynard}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14032728 THORN <OF LINTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 As}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14484778  the name}{\insrsid12807907  is rare and its distribution skewed}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14032728 , it is }{\insrsid12807907 likely}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14032728  that the two Yorkshire Thorns, at Linton}{\insrsid12807907  on Ouse}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 5N67-68}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14032728  and }{\insrsid12807907 at Catton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 13N19}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14032728  }
{\insrsid12807907 sixteen miles to the north, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14032728 are the same man, despite }{\insrsid12807907 Linton}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14032728  devolving upon }{\insrsid12807907 
the Count of Mortain and Catton on William of Percy. A}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14032728 t}{\insrsid12807907  Newton Kyme}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 25W30}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, a similar distance to the south of Linton, the Yorkshire Claims reveal that Thorn had shared a manor with }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14032728 Ligulf}{\cs23\i\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS CW3}}}{\insrsid12807907 , possibly the }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14032728 Ligulf}{\insrsid12807907  who was the Count's predecessor on many of his manors, and the successor to Thorn at Linton.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14032728 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7043621 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11796681 .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 THORSTEN. }{\insrsid12807907 
Thorsten is a fairly common name which occurs in ten counties on the lands of the king and sixteen tenants-in-chief, mainly in eastern England, with clusters in East Anglia, Nottinghamshire and Yorkshire. By convention, the translation renders pre-Conques
t Thurstans and }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4945224 Turstin}{\insrsid12807907 s as Thorsten; post-Conquest, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11796681 Turstin}{\insrsid12807907 . The form }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7499631 Tursten}{\insrsid12807907 
 which occurs only on two Yorkshire manors in 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7499631 9W33. 24W12}}}{\insrsid12807907  probably represents surviving Thorstens.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7499631 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 THORSTEN }{\insrsid12807907 <OF CRANFORD>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 The Thorstens who preceded }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14639124 William son of Ansculf}{\insrsid12807907 
 on respectable manors at Wombourne and Ettingshall in Staffordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 12,8;18}}}{\insrsid12807907  are probably his predecessor on another valuable manor, at Cranford in Middlesex}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
MDX 19,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , where he is described as a royal thane. Cranford is William's one manor in Middlesex, and his predecessor the only Thorsten in either county. He had no other Thorstens (or }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid809955 Turstin}{
\insrsid12807907 s) on his Honour.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 THORSTEN <OF HARCOURT>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare in the west of England, the two Thorstens in Shropshire - at Harcourt}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,14,10}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Broome}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SHR 4,28,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 - may be one man. He is possibly the royal thane, Thorsten of Cranford, the only Thorsten in the four adjacent counties, his nearest manor being some thirty miles away; but the Shropshire manors are tiny, those in Staffordshire fairly substantial for tha
t
 county, and there are no links to confirm an identification. Neither William Pandolf or Earl Roger of Shrewsbury, who acquired these manors, had other Thorstens on their Honours. It seems unlikely that the earl's predecessor is the same man as his tenant
 }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid809955 Turstin}{\insrsid12807907  on a half-hide in Sussex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid809955 SUS 11,20}}}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 THORSTEN [* OF THETFORD *]. Thorsten}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  who held two tenancies in Great Snarehill in Norfolk }{\insrsid12807907 from Roger Bigot}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 66,76-77}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and preceded him on another holding in th}{\insrsid12807907 at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  vill}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 9,74}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, is undoubtedly Thorsten of Thetford, }{\insrsid12807907 so-}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 named in the first of the tenancies}{\insrsid12807907 . He is presumably therefore}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  the Thorsten who held a mill fro
m Roger in Thetford}{\insrsid12807907  itself}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , where he is described as a burgess}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 9,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 
Roger had no other Thorstens among his predecessors, and the one other in the county, at Wallington, twenty-five miles north-west of Snarehill, has no links with the burgess or with Roger. Thorsten's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  mill is recorded in }
{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 1629) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 432; the tenant }{\insrsid12807907 of }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Great Snarehill}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 is unidentified (no. 11238).
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 THORTH}{\insrsid12807907 . The name Thorth occurs forty times, distributed among nine counties and the lands of the king and nineteen of his tenants-in-chief, with clusters in Cheshire, Shropshire and East Anglia.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 THORTH [* OF WROXETER *]. }{\insrsid12807907 All Thorths in Cheshire and Shropshire are probably one man, Thorth of Wroxeter. Thorth}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 held}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  three }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 as both tenant and predecessor of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Reginald the sheriff }{\insrsid12807907 in Shropshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SHR 4,3,30-31;69}}}{\insrsid12807907  so is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 probably }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Reginald}{\insrsid12807907 's predecessor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  on three other }{\insrsid12807907 
manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 in the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,3,14;20;26}}}{\insrsid12807907  and also the Thorth}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held Langley at both dates}{
\insrsid12807907  there}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,27,10}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 One of the manors acquired from him by Reginald was Wroxeter}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 4,}{\insrsid12807907 
3,26}}}{\insrsid12807907 , from which he is named in a confirmation of grants to Shrewsbury abbey: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid592106 Cartulary of Shrewsbury abbey}{\insrsid12807907 , i. 42. Thorth}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  was }{
\insrsid12807907 probably also}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the sheriff's predecessor at Gresford in Cheshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 CHS 2}{\insrsid12807907 2,1. 27,3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , and }{\insrsid12807907 
according to James }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Tait 'we may safely identify him' as the Thorth on }{\insrsid12807907 the remaining}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in the county}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
CHS 5,1. 9,5. 16,1. 20,1. FD7,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , all held in 1066}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8325575 Domesday}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\i\insrsid12807907 s}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
urvey of }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid592106 Cheshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid592106 , p 56 note 1; Williams, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4204244 English and the Norman Conquest}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid592106 , p. 90; Lewis, 'Introduction}{
\insrsid12807907  to the Cheshire Domesday}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid592106 ', p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 15. There are no other Thorths in adjacent counties, and none of the tenants-in-chief who acquired his lands had tenants or predecessors of this name elsewhere. His tenancies }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 8238)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  428.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \cbpat8 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid592106 THORTH [* SON OF ULFKIL *]. }{\insrsid12807907 All Thorths in 
East Anglia may be one man, Thorth son of Ulfkil. Six of his manors in Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 NFK }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid10375529 31,1;17;31;33;43;45}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and another six in Suffolk were acquired by }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid592106 Ralph Baynard}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 SUF }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid10375529 33,4;6-7;9-11}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 .}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid592106  }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 Several of these manors are valuable. Of the remaining Thorths, those on the substantial}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid592106  manors }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 of}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid592106  Billingford and Babingley}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid592106 NFK}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  32,1. 34,1}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid592106 
 in the vicinity of Kerdiston and Terrington}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  held by Ralph's predecessor, may also be him; and as the one substantial Thorth in the region he is likely to be the overlord at the lost vill of }{
\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid10375529 Rodenhala}{\cs23\i\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 NFK 4,36}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  and perhaps the Thorth on a small holding at Blundeston}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 SUF 3,54}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
 in the adjacent Hundred, which cannot be too many miles from }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid10375529 Rodenhala}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 . Bulcamp}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 SUF 13,5}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
, in the same Hundred as most of the Suffolk manors, may have been his also. On most of these manors family wills identify him as Thorth son of Ulfkil, the nephew of }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid592106 Aelfgyth widow of Thorsten }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 (
}{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid2756190 q.v.}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 ) }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid592106 from whom the most substantial part of the Baynard fief was acquired}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 : Whitelock, }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907 Anglo-Saxon}{
\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid2756190  wills}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 , pp. 78-93; Mortimer, }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid592106 'Baynards of Baynard}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 '}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid592106 s Castle', pp. 248-51}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
.}{\insrsid12807907  Thorth's pre-Conquest holdings are sufficiently valuable to rank him among the ninety wealthiest untitled laymen before the Conquest if included in Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16123745 English nobility}{\insrsid12807907 .}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 T}{\insrsid12807907 HRASEMUND <OF MANSTON>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 
The three Thrasemunds in Domesday Book are probably one man. His manors at Orcheston in Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 48,7}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Gold Hill in Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 44,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  were both acquired by O
sbern Giffard; Manston, which devolved upon Waleran the hunter, is adjacent to Gold Hill}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 44,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 . All three manors are respectable or substantial.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 TIHEL [* OF HELL\'c9AN *]. }{\insrsid12807907 All Tihels in Domesday Book are almost certainly }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Tihel of Hell\'e9an, other}{\insrsid12807907 wise known as Tihel the Breton. He }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 acquired his most valuable manors }{\insrsid12807907 Norfolk from a }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Leofstan}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 37,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907 , so can be identified as the 
}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Tihel}{\insrsid12807907  preceded by}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Leofstan on the royal manor of Crackford in }{\insrsid12807907 the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 1,195}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{
\insrsid12807907 Similarly, as tenant of the bishop of Bayeux in Essex, Norfolk and Suffolk, he is very probably his }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 tenant at Haverhill in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 16,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , where he also}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  held in chief}{\insrsid12807907 , and is likely to be}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Teher}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  who held Wickford from the bishop}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
ESS 18,9}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , as suggested by Dr Keats-Rohan. The name i}{\insrsid12807907 s otherwise unknown in Domesday}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , so a scribal }{\insrsid12807907 error }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
for Tihel may be suspected. Tihel was a tenant-in-chief in all three counties. He is the only man with this forename in Domesday Book, though }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Tehel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, a reeve of the abbot of Ely, occurs as a juror in Longstowe Hundred in Cambridgeshire: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Inquisitio Eliensis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (ed. Hamilton, p. 99). Dr Keats-Rohan suggests}{\insrsid12807907  that this}
{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Tehel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is }{\insrsid12807907 'possibly' }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Tihel of Hell\'e9an}{\insrsid12807907 
, though reeve is an unlikely role for one of the Conqueror's barons}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . He may have come from Hell\'e9an in Brittany (Morbihan: arrondissement Pontivy). His manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 159) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 427.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14447042 TOKI. Toki is a common}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  name}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2513720 which }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 occurs }{\insrsid12807907 almost one hundred times}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  times, distributed among }{\insrsid12807907 twenty-two}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  counties }{\insrsid12807907 between Somerset and Yorkshire }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 and the lands of the king and }{
\insrsid12807907 thirty-five}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  of his tenants-in-chief}{\insrsid12807907 , with a large cluster in Norfolk and a more dispersed cluster in the adjacent counties of Derbyshire, Lincolnshire, Nottinghamshire and 
Yorkshire. One survivor held three manors. The name can be confused with Thorkil.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14447042 {\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid7150012 TOKI <OF BURGH>. }{\insrsid12807907 Most of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7150012  the }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid7150012  of Toki in Lincolnshire }{\insrsid12807907 may}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7150012  plausibly be assigned to Toki son of Auti. There is, however, one cluster of properties dependent upon the manor of Burgh-le-Marsh}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
LIN 29,14;18-21}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7150012  on the coast of Lincolnshire just north of the Wash}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7150012  which is physically separate from }{\insrsid12807907 
others of the son of Auti and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7150012  which devolved upon a tenant-in-chief - Eudo son of Spirewic - }{\insrsid12807907 who obtained no other manors of Auti's son}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7150012 . Eudo's }{\insrsid12807907 
manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7150012  are, however, part of a larger block he held in the South Riding of Lindsey}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7150012  which may have been granted to him for that reason, so the possibility that }{
\insrsid12807907 his}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7150012  predecessor }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7150012  the son of Auti cannot be excluded.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7150012 TOKI <OF }{\insrsid12807907 PICTON}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7150012 >. }{\insrsid12807907 The five Tokis in Cheshire may be one man. Picton and Hooton, acquired by Richard of Vernon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 5,2-3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, lay in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12876227 Willaston}{\insrsid12807907  Hundred, as did Guilden Sutton, two miles from Picton, held by Robert son of Hugh in 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 2,29}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Elton a
nd Manley in Ruloe Hundred, retained by Earl Hugh}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 1,4;6}}}{\insrsid12807907 , are a few miles away, Elton being also three miles from Picton. Only Norton, acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12876227 William son of Nigel}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
CHS 9,20}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is somewhat apart, ten miles from Elton. By Cheshire standards, the manors are not insubstantial, very few lay lords holding more land in 1066 in the county: Lewis, 'I}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8214004 
ntroduction to the Cheshire Domesday'}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 15; Sawyer and Thacker, 'Domesday survey of Cheshire', p.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  32}{\insrsid12807907 4. By contrast to this fairly compact group, the nearest
 other Toki in any direction is fifty miles or so away, in Shropshire, Staffordshire or Derbyshire. See also}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12876227 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 TOKI <OF WALTON>. The royal thane Toki, twice described as }{\insrsid12807907 a}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  predecessor of William of Warenne in the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (ed. Hamilton, pp. 22, 32-33), is }{\insrsid12807907 almost certainly}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  the Toki from whom William acquired his fief in Cambridgeshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab C
AM 18,1-8}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , twenty manors in Norfolk (8,7;21-22;30;47;62;68;98-1}{\insrsid12807907 01;103-105;107-108;110;116-118)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and four in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 26,4;9-11}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, including his principle }{\insrsid12807907 and very valuable }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 manor at West Walton in Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 8,21}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{
\insrsid12807907 He is probably the one other Toki in Cambridgeshire, at West Wratting}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 26,8}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, where Warenne's predecessor had another manor; and perhaps also the predecessor of Peter of Valognes on two manors in Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 34,10;19}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, one of which lay in Holkham, where Warenne's predecessor had another manor. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 He may also be the Toki at Stiffkey and Wells-next-the-Sea, retained by the king}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 1,89-90}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, his manor at Burnham Thorpe being }{\insrsid12807907 six}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  from Wells, two from its dependency at Holkham. }{\insrsid12807907 
It seems likely that he is the Toki who held }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9518615 Toketo}{\i\insrsid12807907 r}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9518615 p}{\insrsid12807907  under archbishop Stigand and, if so, is also the archbishop's free man at Hales}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NFK 4,14. 31,16}}}{\insrsid12807907 . }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9518615 Toketorp}{\insrsid12807907  and its variants may well preserve his name, the vill occurring on the fief of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9518615 William of Warenne}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid9518615 NFK 8,74}{\insrsid12807907 ;76}}}{\insrsid12807907 . The remaining Tokis in Norfolk are likely to be Toki of Winterton, conceivably the same man though there are no links to confirm this.
\par \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Several of Toki's manors were initially acquired by William's brother-in-l}{\insrsid12807907 aw}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Frederic, who was killed, perhaps by Hereward the Wake, in 1070, so Toki himse
lf was dispossessed or }{\insrsid12807907 died}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  before that date. }{\insrsid12807907 Dr }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Hart suggests that }{\insrsid12807907 he}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 may be the magnate Thorkil the Dane (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ). He, however}{\insrsid12807907 , is consistently named Thorkil -}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and Toki }{\insrsid12807907 
consistently named Toki -}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  in }{\insrsid12807907 Domesday Book}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . A list of Toki's manors is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 English nobility, }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 pp. 348-49, which does not include the two royal manors}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 or }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9518615 Toketorp}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Snoring, Egmere}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Holkham}{\insrsid12807907 , Hales or Testerton}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  in Norfolk}{\insrsid12807907  and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Withersfield in Suffolk. }{
\insrsid12807907 Dr Clarke }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ranks him thirty-fourth in wealth among untitled laymen; the additional manors would raise him }{\insrsid12807907 eight}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  places.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 TOKI <OF W}{\insrsid12807907 INTERTON>. Toki, who held Blakeney in Norfolk under Earl Harold}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 25,20}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is perhaps Earl Harold's free man at Broome}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9518615 NFK 9,172}}}{\insrsid12807907 , both likely to be Toki of Winterton, who held a villager in Ingworth from Roger Bigot}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 9,87}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, the tenant-in-chief at Broome who himself had a holding in Winterton (where no Toki occurs). It is conceivable that Toki of Winterton is the same man as Toki of Walton but there are no links to confirm this.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9518615 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14447042 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid7150012 TOKI <OF }{\insrsid12807907 WOODCOTE}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7150012 >. }{\insrsid12807907 
The Tokis who Woodcote and land in the same Hundred as a subtenant of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14447042 Robert son of Theobald}{\insrsid12807907  in Shropshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,9,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and at Cotton as a tenant of the earl of Shrewsbury in the same county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,27,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are almost certainly the same man, the only surviving Toki in Domesday Book and the only Toki in Shropshire or on the Honour of Earl Roger. He gave a hide of his manor of Woodcote to the earl's foundation of Shrewsbury abbey: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5251777 Cartulary of Shrewsbury abbey}{\insrsid12807907 , i. 33. His manor at Cotton is recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14447042 9748}{\insrsid12807907 )}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  427; the other tenants are unidentified (nos. 30903-904) though the commentary refers to a grant to the abbey.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12876227 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 TOKI [* SON OF AUTI *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Although the English magnate Toki son of Auti}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is }{\insrsid12807907 accorded}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  his patronymic only}{\insrsid12807907  twice}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , the bulk of his substantial estate }{\insrsid12807907 may}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  be reconstructed}{\insrsid12807907  with a degree of confidence}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. In Lincolnshire, he had the full jurisdiction, market rights and customary dues shared by only a handful of major pre-Conquest lords, his position }{\insrsid12807907 there }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 being acquired by Geoff
rey Alselin, which makes it all but certain that he is the Toki son of }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Otti}{\insrsid12807907  who had identical rights}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 in Yorkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS C36}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , and hence the Toki whose manors constituted the fief of Geoffrey Alselin in th}{\insrsid12807907 at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 18W1-3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. The Toki with similar rights in Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT S5}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  must be Auti's son}{\insrsid12807907 , since}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 all the manors held by a Toki in Nottinghamshire devolved upon Geoffrey Alselin}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 12,1-10;12-17;19-21}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .
\par \tab }{\insrsid12807907 In addition to Yorkshire and Nottinghamshire, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Geoffrey acquired his entire fiefs in Leicestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 LEC 28,1}{\insrsid12807907 
-5}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 64,1-19}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and Northamptshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 44,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  from a Toki}{
\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and all but one }{\insrsid12807907 of his manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  in Derbyshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 DBY B5. }{\insrsid12807907 
9,1;3-6}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . The holdings of other Tokis in that county }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , with one exception, claimed by Geoffrey Alselin or dependent }{\insrsid12807907 up}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 on his manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 DBY 6,27}{\insrsid12807907 -28;48}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , the exception - Sandiacre}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 17,17}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  - lying two }{
\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  from his manor of Breaston. In Lincolnshire, two holdings where he is unnamed}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 30,34-35}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 are identified on Geoffrey Alselin's fief as dependencies of his manor }{\insrsid12807907 of Ruskington}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ; while Stubton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 32,26}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 lay in the same vill as an Alselin manor, and Westby}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 68,19}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 lay roughly midway between the Alselin manors in Leicestershire and clusters of those in Lincolnshire. The one other Toki in the county, whose manor of Burgh-le-Marsh and its dependencies was acquired by Eudo son of Spirewic}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 29,14;18-21}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , may be another man, though since Burgh is surrounded by Eudo's manors}{\insrsid12807907  in the South Riding of Lindsey}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  where his }{\insrsid12807907 entire}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  fief lay, it may have been given him for that reason}{\insrsid12807907 ;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  the possibility that Toki }{\insrsid12807907 at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Burgh is the son of Auti cannot }
{\insrsid12807907 therefore }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 be excluded.
\par \tab W}{\insrsid12807907 ith this one possible exception}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  every Toki in the adjacent counties of Derbyshire, Leicestershire,}{\insrsid12807907  Lincolnshire, Northamptonshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 and Nottinghamshire may be plausibly identified as the son of Toki. In the}{\insrsid12807907 se circumstances}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  it is possible that the three }{\insrsid12807907 other}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Tokis i
n Yorkshire are the same man, given his privileged position in the county. This is almost certainly the case on the substantial manor of Wadworth}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 10W2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, to which Geoffrey Alselin laid claim}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS CW19}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Wadworth is the most isolated of the three manors, Osgodby}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 5E17}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and Burghwallis}
{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
YKS 9W37}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  lying between Alselin's Yorkshire and Nottinghamshire properties. Although not named in the relevant entries, the Yorkshire Claims reveal that }{\insrsid12807907 Alselin or }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Toki had an interest in Loversall, Bolton Percy, 'Haggenby', Acaster Selby, Ouston and Walton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 YKS C}{\insrsid12807907 W16;25;33-34;40-41. 13W12;14;16}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, dependencies of his manors of Hexthorpe }{\insrsid12807907 and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Healaugh.
\par \tab Virtually the entire Honour of Geoffrey Alselin was acquired from Toki, the few exceptions perhaps cases where Toki is the unnamed overlord of the manorial lord, overlords }{\insrsid12807907 being unrecorded in circuit six}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  where these exceptions occur. In Nottinghamshire, for instance, Toki held the largest of two Alselin manors in North Muskham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 12,11-12}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
; but the layout of the text suggests that the dependencies of Muskham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 12,13-14}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  belonged to the smaller holding, held by a Wulfric. This would be unusual}{
\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and may be a scribal error. Toki's manor was originally omitted, so the dependencies followed Wulfric's manor. When the scribe realised his mistake and inserted Toki's manor in the margin, he }{
\insrsid12807907 may have neglected to}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  make the necessary adjustment to assign the dependencies to him. Toki may also be }{\insrsid12807907 an}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  unnamed overlord at Etwall in Derbyshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
DBY 9,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , Burton in Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 12,18}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , and Cantley in Yorkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 YKS }{\insrsid12807907 18W2
}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Toki was probably dead or fled by 1086}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 the only }{\insrsid12807907 Tokis in 1086 }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 occur}{\insrsid12807907 ring}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  in Shropshire.
\par \tab A list of Toki's manors is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 English nobility, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 pp. 347-48, which does not include Sandiacre in Derbyshire; Osgodby and Burghwallis in Yorkshire}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  or Stubton and Westby in Lincolnshire. }{\insrsid12807907 Dr Clarke }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ranks him twenty-eighth in wealth among the nobility, seventeenth among untitled laymen; the additional holdi
ngs would not affect this.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3567249 TOLI. Toli is a }{\insrsid12807907 moderately }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3567249 common name}{\insrsid12807907  which}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3567249  }{\insrsid12807907 occurs almost three dozen times, distribu
ted among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3567249  }{\insrsid12807907 a dozen}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3567249  counties}{\insrsid12807907  and the lands of the king and sixteen of his tenants-in-chief,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3567249  }{\insrsid12807907 
with clusters}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3567249  in Lincolnshire and East Anglia}{\insrsid12807907  and survivors in Oxfordshire, Derbyshire and Lincolnshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3567249 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 TOLI <OF SANDIACRE>. }{\insrsid12807907 Toli, who held Sandiacre among the king's thanes in Derbyshire in 1066 and 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 17,15}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 is almost certainly the Toli who held Ilkeston before the Conquest}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 17,14}}}{\insrsid12807907  since Ilkeston belonged to Sandiacre. He may also have held Ilkeston and two other manors in Sandiacre}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
DBY 17,16-17}}}{\insrsid12807907  in 1086, the tenants being omitted from those entries. Surviving Tolis in Oxfordshire and Lincolnshire have no apparent links. There are no other Tolis in the county and only one other}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid10425295 1W64}}}{\insrsid12807907  in any of the adjacent counties. Toli of Sandiacre is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13002849 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 32508), where no tenant for Ilkeston is recorded.
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3230660 TONNI. Tonni and Tunni are uncommon in the sense that they were}{\insrsid12807907  probably borne by few individuals: The two forms are }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid225601 confined to six counties and the }{
\insrsid12807907 Honours}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid225601  of as many tenants-in-chief, the great majority }{\insrsid12807907 to}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid225601  just one }{\insrsid12807907 Honour}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid225601 .}{\insrsid12807907 
 A single, tiny manor was held by a survivor. Von Feilitzen suggests that Tunni is a 'possible alternative' of Tonni: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid225601 Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 386, 389. The }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12155143 Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England}{\insrsid12807907  records them as the same name, the distribution of the two forms all but guaranteeing that this is correct.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 TONNI <OF APPLETON>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is uncommon, it is likely that the Tonni who held part of the manor of Appleton i
n Yorkshire before the Conquest is the Tonni with a tiny manor at Acaster, just over a mile away, in 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 25W2. 29W29}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Dr Clarke assigns Appleton to the English magnate Tonni of Lusby; but there are no indications that he was a survivor, and the link with the Acaster Tonni seems the more probable. Tonni is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13002849 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907  (no. 38323).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 TONNI <OF BERICOTE>. }{\insrsid12807907 
As the name is rare}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3413716 , }{\insrsid12807907 it is likely that }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3413716 the }{\insrsid12807907 Tonnis who held Caldecote in Warwickshire before the Conquest and Bericote in 1086}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
WAR 2,2. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid225601 17,62}}}{\insrsid12807907  are the same man, a survivor in reduced circumstances, accommodated on the fief of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid225601 Thorkil of Warwick}{\insrsid12807907 
 along with many other Englishmen. On similar grounds, he might be identified with Tonni of Lusby, since these Warwickshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3413716  properties are not too distant from }{\insrsid12807907 the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3413716  }{
\insrsid12807907 Lusby manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3413716  of Stowe and Kislingbury}{\insrsid12807907  in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3413716 Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 46,1;3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3413716 .}{
\insrsid12807907  Furthermore, a Yorkshire Tonni also held land in 1066 and 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid225601 25}{\insrsid12807907 W}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid225601 2}{\insrsid12807907 . 29W29}}}{
\insrsid12807907  and was preceded by a Thorkil in a vill where William of Percy, one of Tonni of Lusby's successors, held land}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid225601 YKS CW40}}}{
\insrsid12807907 . In these circumstances, it is possible that all Tonnis in Domesday are one man. However, it is perhaps more likely that the apparent links are coincidental and the Warwickshire and Yorkshire Tonnis are different men. }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid3413716 Thorkils are common in Yorkshire; neither Thorkil of Warwick nor his father Alwin the sheriff of Warwickshire are known to have had any interests further north than that county}{\insrsid12807907 
; and there no indications on the extensive holdings of Tonni of Lusby that he was a survivor, or held land north of the Humber. The tenant at Bericote is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13002849 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 38323).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 TONNI <OF LUSBY>. }{\insrsid12807907 
The Claims for Lincolnshire treat Tonni as a predecessor of Gilbert of Ghent}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN CS23;30-31;33}}}{\insrsid12807907  who acquired from Tonni half his fief in Oxfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 38,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, all but one of his manors in Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 46,1-6}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and Langton, Lusby, Claxby and Well with their dependencies in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 24,16;24;61-71}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, Lusby being the most valuable of those manors. Gilbert also obtained his fief in Berkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 37,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and Culverthorpe, Willoughby and Kyme in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 24,37-44;54-60;76}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, from a }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11143745 Tunni}{\insrsid12807907 , evidently the same man since these are the only occurrences of }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11143745 Tunni}{\insrsid12807907 , and Tonni is also a name borne by few men.
\par \tab The remaining manors of Tonni in Lincolnshire, though acquired by William of Percy}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 22,17-19;23}}}{\insrsid12807907 , were those of the same Tonni, as the Lincolnshire Claims reveal}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN CS 30-31;33}}}{\insrsid12807907 . 
}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 A list of }{\insrsid12807907 Tonni's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  manor}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13770184 English nobility}{
\i\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 pp. }{\insrsid12807907 350-51, which omits dependencies but adds Appleton in Yorkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 25W2}}}{\insrsid12807907 , here assigned to Tonni of 
Appleton. Tonni is ranked fortieth in wealth among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 untitled laymen by Dr Clarke. Hart, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid225601 Danelaw}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 275-77, who lists both manors and dependencies, agrees with those given above. He makes the interesting point that Tonni is often associated with Gilbert of Ghent's principle predecessor, Ulf Fenman (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid225601 q.v.}{
\insrsid12807907 ), to whom he may have been related. Ulf and Tonni contributed the whole of Gilbert's fiefs in Oxfordshire and Northamptonshire, and 95% of that in Lincolnshire, where the bulk of his Honour lay.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par TOPI. Topi is a rare name which occurs five times in Domesday Book, distributed among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 that number of counties and tenants-}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 in-chief}{\insrsid12807907 
, perhaps representing as many individuals; there are no survivors.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par TOPI [* FATHER OF ULF *]. As the name is rare, the Topi at Kirmington in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2182108 LIN 25,5}}}{\insrsid12807907  is probably the father of Ulf (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3281558 q.v.}{
\insrsid12807907 ), who held land in the same vill and whose bequests in a number of surrounding vills are recorded in his will: Whitelock, }{\i\insrsid12807907 Anglo-Saxon wills}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 94-97. He is possibly the same man as Topi of Digswell.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par TOPI <OF DIGSWELL>. Topi, who held Digswell in Hertfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6643093 HRT 36,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has no direct links with his namesakes, though there is an indirect association with Topi father of Ulf through Peter of Valognes, who acquired Digswell from Topi and jurisdiction in Lincoln and his single Lincolnshire manor}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
LIN C3. 60,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  from Godric son of Edeva (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3281558 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ), Edeva being the mother of Ulf son of Topi (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3281558 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
). However, as he is the 'man' of Almer of Bennington, whose estate was almost entirely confined to Hertfordshire, he is unlikely to be the Lincolnshire magnate, the Valognes association apparently being a coincidence, though a curious one.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par TOPI <OF FRYERNING>. Topi, who shared a reasonably substantial manor at Fryerning in Essex acquired by Robert Gernon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6643093 ESS 32,34}}}{\insrsid12807907 , has no links with other Topis; Topi of Digswell, his}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 closest neighbour, is some thirty miles away.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par TOPI <OF "HOBBESTUNA">. The Ely Freeman with land in an unidentified Suffolk vill in 'Blything' Hundred valued at three shillings and acquired by Geoffrey de Mandeville}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6643093 SUF 32,30}}}{
\insrsid12807907  is unlikely to be related to other Topis even if he were a free man - as recorded in the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14106742 Inquisitio Eliensis}{\insrsid12807907 
 (ed. Hamilton, p. 145) - since all other Topis are without tenurial or other links, and some considerable distance away.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par TOPI <OF WILSON>. Topi, whose holding worth three shillings at Wilson in Devon was acquired by Baldwin the sheriff}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3281558 DEV 16,146}}}{\insrsid12807907 , has no links with other Topis, all remote.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 TOSTI. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14246815 Although the name Tosti occurs almost a hundred times}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14246815  it}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1406433  is }{\insrsid12807907 rare}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid1406433  }{\insrsid12807907 in the sense that}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1406433  it was borne by few individuals}{\insrsid12807907 , perhaps no more than six, all pre-Conquest landowners}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1406433 . }{
\insrsid12807907 Two men, the earl and Tosti brother of Erik, are identified by title or byname, and it is probable that most other Tostis are one or other of these two.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 TOSTI }{\insrsid12807907 [* BROTHER OF ERIK *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is uncommon, it is likely that the Tostis whose ma
nors of Audelby and Laceby in Lincolnshire were acquired by}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the }{\insrsid12807907 bishop of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Bayeux}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 4,17-22;69-71}}}{\insrsid12807907  are }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 the brother of }{\insrsid12807907 the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Erik (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 )}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who shared }{\insrsid12807907 
Laceby with him, both probably being the brothers named at Sawtry}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid12807907  in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the Claim}{\insrsid12807907 s for the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HUN D27. 19,1}}}{
\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 a statement }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 confirmed by the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4938831 Ramsey chronicle}{\insrsid12807907  which describes Tosti as '}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 a rich man' and 'one of King Edward's barons'}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907 Chronicon abbatiae Rameseiensis}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 pp. 175,}{\insrsid12807907  199;}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 Early charters of eastern England}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , p. 235.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid14246815 [* EARL *] TOSTI. }{\insrsid12807907 T}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid1406433 he Tosti}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1406433  who held the huge royal manor}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1406433  of Falsgrave }{\insrsid12807907 and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1406433 
Hemingbrough}{\insrsid12807907  in Yorkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1406433 YKS 1}{\insrsid12807907 Y}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1406433 3}{\insrsid12807907 ;5}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are almost certainly the earl. In view of their status, he is probably the Tosti who held the four most valuable manors outside Yorkshire: }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1406433 Polhampton }{\insrsid12807907 in Hampshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14768855 
HAM }{\insrsid12807907 31,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1406433 , }{\insrsid12807907 held by William Bertram in 1086; }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1406433 Buckworth }{\insrsid12807907 in Huntingdonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HUN 10,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , hel
d by the Count of Eu; }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1406433 Bingham }{\insrsid12807907 in Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 9,97}}}{\insrsid12807907 , by Roger of Bully, and the anonymous manor of Guy of Raimbeaucourt in Northamptonshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NTH 41,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 . The earl was a predecessor of Roger of Bully elsewhere in Nottinghamshire; and Buckworth was an outlier of Great Paxton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7630308 HUN 20,8}{
\insrsid12807907 . }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7630308 D23}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, held by King Edward in 1066, who had perhaps resumed it after Tosti's fall since it was held by Countess Judith in 1086, passing through the hands of Earl Waltheof, as did other of Earl Tosti's manors in Huntingd
onshire and Bedfordshire. The other two manors constituted the entire fiefs of William Bertram and the Count of Eu, neither of whom succeeded a Tosti elsewhere, which suggests their predecessors are the earl rather than two other individuals holding one v
aluable manor and nothing else; Earl Tosti held land elsewhere in both counties, as in the other two.
\par \tab Elsewhere, t}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1406433 he Tosti who held Frome }{\insrsid12807907 in Herefordshire }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1406433 from Queen Edith}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1406433 is likely to }{\insrsid12807907 be}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid1406433  the earl}{\insrsid12807907 , her favoured brother}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1406433 ; and since }{\insrsid12807907 it is improbable that any}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1406433  tenant-in-chief }{\insrsid12807907 
had two predecessors with }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1406433 h}{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1406433  }{\insrsid12807907 rare}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1406433  name, he }{\insrsid12807907 is also the Tosti who held Putley}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid1406433  if the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1406433 Thostin}{\insrsid12807907  of that holding is in fact}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1406433  a Tosti}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 10,4;29}}}{\insrsid12807907 
; both holdings are surrounded by those of his brother Harold}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1406433 . The Tosti of }{\insrsid12807907 Freshwater on the Isle of Wight}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM IoW}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1406433 7,22}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid1406433  is shown to be the earl by }{\insrsid12807907 its dependence}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1406433  }{\insrsid12807907 upon}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1406433  his manor }{\insrsid12807907 in that vill}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
HAM IoW1,5}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1406433 , and there can be }{\insrsid12807907 little}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1406433  doubt that the Tosti }{\insrsid12807907 at Somerton in Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 10,83}}}{\insrsid12807907  who }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid1406433 'went from England' }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1406433  the earl}{\insrsid12807907 , too}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1406433 . Finally, the Tosti who held a minuscule property at Worthing}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUS 13,37}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1406433  }{\insrsid12807907 may be}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1406433  the earl}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1406433  his father and brother }{\insrsid12807907 having land}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid1406433  in the same vill}{\insrsid12807907 , Tosti's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1406433  holding 'lay}{\insrsid12807907 ing}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1406433  in' the large manor of Sompting, held from the Crown by a Leofwin}{
\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1406433  who }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1406433  surely the earl, }{\insrsid12807907 another of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1406433 his brother}{\insrsid12807907 s}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid1406433 . }{\insrsid12807907 He held two manors from which his name is omitted in the relevant entries: Hail Weston in Huntingdonshire, assigned to him (presumably as overlord) in the Claims}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HUN 19,27. D11}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, and Mission in Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 1,65. 30,44}}}{\insrsid12807907 , a dependency of the royal manor of Kirton-in-Lindsey in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 LIN 1,38}}}{
\insrsid12807907  where it is implied he preceded Earl Edwin. His manors of Bayford in Hertfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 1,18}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Potton and Chalton in Bedfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 53,20. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1330135 54,3}}}{
\insrsid12807907  are recorded as resumed by the Crown before the Confessor died.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 A list of }{\insrsid12807907 hi}
{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 s manor}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11564255 English nobility}{\i\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 pp. }{\insrsid12807907 
191-94}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 , }{\insrsid12807907 which includes the manors said to be resumed by the Confessor but not Southampton, Worthing, Frome, Putley or Somerton. Despite his exile and the certain lo
ss of lands in Yorkshire and elsewhere, he is ranked eighth in wealth among the nobility by Dr Clarke. Baxter, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11538497 Earls of Mercia}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 129, supplies a rather higher estimate of his manorial income; the 
}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6105212 Statistics}{\insrsid12807907  database total (\'a3535) is slightly higher still; if Great Paxton is added, this total would rise to \'a3564.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 TOSTI <OF ALTHORP>. Tosti}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who shared a holding worth five shillings at Althorp in Northamptonshire }{\insrsid12807907 acquired by the Count of Mortain}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NTH 18,23}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 has no links with other Tostis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 TOSTI <OF BURES>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is uncommon, t}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 he Tosti}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  with two modest holdings at Bures in Suffolk }{
\insrsid12807907 in 1066}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }
{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 40,5. SUF 55,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  likely to be }{\insrsid12807907 one}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 man, though his holdings 
were acquired by different tenants-in-chief; he}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 has no links with other Tostis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 TOSTI <OF GRAFTON>. Tosti}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who shared land worth a few pounds with three other }{\insrsid12807907 English lords}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 at Grafton in Warwickshire}{\insrsid12807907  acquired by Osbern son of Richard}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 37,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 has no links with other Tostis}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7370794 TOSTI <OF LEYTON>. Tosti}{\insrsid12807907 , whose}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7370794  modest holding at Leyton in Essex}{\insrsid12807907  was}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7370794  }{\insrsid12807907 
acquired by Westminster abbey}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 6,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 has no links with other Tostis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 TOTI}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8781917 .}{
\insrsid12807907  Toti is a rare name which occurs eight times, distributed among six counties and the lands of as many tenants-in-chief, all borne by pre-Conquest landowners. Only the Berkshire holdings are substantial.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 TOTI <OF CHALVINGTON>.}{\insrsid12807907 
 Toti, whose modest holding at Chalvington in Sussex was acquired by the Count of Mortain}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 10,91}}}{\insrsid12807907 , has no links with his distant namesakes.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 TOTI <OF DONNINGTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, the Totis whose three manors in Berkshire constituted the fief of William Lovet}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 26,1-3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are almost certainly one man, the only substantial landowner of this name. His least valuable manor is worth more than any of those held by another Toti. He}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 has no links with his namesakes}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 TOTI <OF GRAFTON>. Toti}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who shared land worth a few pounds with three other }{\insrsid12807907 lords}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  at Grafton in Warwickshire}{\insrsid12807907  acquired by Osbern son of Richard}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 37,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}
{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 has no links with other Totis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
 It is conceivable that he is the father of Azur, Warwickshire being the only county where a Toti and Azur son of Toti}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 39,1;4}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 both held land; but there are no links to confirm an identification.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 TOTI <OF HIGHWAY>. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid407464 
Toti}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid407464  }{\insrsid12807907 who purchased a hide worth fifteen shillings at Highway in Wiltshire from Malmesbury abbey later acquired by Ralph of Mortimer}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 41,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 has no links with other Totis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 TOTI <OF SCREVETON>. }{\insrsid12807907 Toti, whose modest holding at Screveton in Nottinghamshire was acquired by Bishop Odo of Bayeux}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 7,6}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 has no links with other Totis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 TOTI <OF WALLBURY>. }{\insrsid12807907 Toti, whose modest holding at Wallbury in Essex was acquired by Richard of Tonbridge}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 23,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 has no links with other Totis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par TOVI. Tovi is a }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4338026 common}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  name}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2513720 which }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 occurs }{\insrsid12807907 
on one fief and more than seventy manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 , distributed among }{\insrsid12807907 sixteen}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  counties and the lands of the king and }{\insrsid12807907 more than forty}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  of his tenants-in-chief}{\insrsid12807907 , with clusters in Hampshire, Devon, Somerset and Gloucestershire. Apart from the fief, eight manors are held by survivors, distributed among six counties and as many }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 tenants-in-chief}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9441648 {\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 TOVI [* THE SHERIFF *]. Tovi}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who }{\insrsid12807907 preceded}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Alnoth son of Harding on five of his six }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 47,3-8}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 is probably }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Tovi the sheriff}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 named in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6717044 Exon.}{\insrsid12807907 
 on the first of the group. As such, he is likely to be the Tovi who held four hides at Belluton in the royal manor of Keynsham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 1,28}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, which identifies him as the Tovi whose manor in Belluton - a partial duplicate - was acquired by Count Eustace of Boulogne}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16342653 SOM 17,6}}}{
\insrsid12807907 . Of the other two Tovis in the county, he may be }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 the Tovi at Freshford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 5,35}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{
\insrsid12807907 eleven miles from Keynsham,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and less certainly }{\insrsid12807907 the Tovi }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 at Berkley}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 22,25}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{
\insrsid12807907 a manor of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 comparable }{\insrsid12807907 status}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  but some distance }{\insrsid12807907 
from the others; Round accepted this last identification: 'Domesday survey of Somerset', p. 419. No Tovis occur elsewhere on royal manors, or as predecessors of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Alnoth}{\insrsid12807907 
 or Count Eustace, or in Somerset. Tovi was sheriff of Somerset before and after the Conquest, named in a number of royal writs: Green, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16194680 English sheriffs}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 73.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 TOXUS }{\insrsid12807907 [}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 THE PRIEST]. }{\insrsid12807907 Toxus, whose manor of Swyre in Dorset was acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4940703 William of Eu}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14116135 DOR 34,8}}}{\insrsid12807907 , may be a priest, which appears to be interlined above his name, though the manuscript is unclear. He is the only man of this name in Domesday Book.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 TUBBI <OF NEWBOLD>. }{\insrsid12807907 Tubbi, whose shared and modest holding at Newbold in Warwickshire was acquired by the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4940703 Count of Meulan}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7370794 
WAR 16,59}}}{\insrsid12807907 , has no apparent connection with the one other Tubbi in Domesday Book, an overlord in Warwickshire.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 TUBBI <OF STOKE>. }{\insrsid12807907 
Tubbi, whose man held a hide in Stoke Poges in Buckinghamshire acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4940703 William son of Ansculf}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7370794 BUK 17,6}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , is an overlord apparently without demesne land unless he is the Tubbi at Newbold; but there are no links between them, and it is difficult to imagine the attraction of so distant and insubstantial an overlord.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907 TUROLD. Turold is a common}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  name}{
\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2513720 which }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 occurs }{\insrsid12807907 on one fifty and almost seventy manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 , distributed among }{\insrsid12807907 eighteen}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  counties and the lands of the king and }{\insrsid12807907 twenty}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  of his tenants-in-chief}{\insrsid12807907 
, with significant clusters in Essex and Norfolk. All Turolds are post-Conquest landowners.
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9441648 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 TUROLD [* }{\insrsid12807907 NEPHEW OF WIGOT}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Turold, tenant of Earl Roger of Shrewsbury at Burpham, Worplesdon and Loseley in Surrey}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUR 18,2-4}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, Penton Mewsey and Houghton in Hampshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 21,3;5}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Castle Eaton and Milston in Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 21,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 succeeded to all the manors of Osmund of Eaton (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4332064 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ), one of the earl's most significant predecessors. Dr Williams suggests Turold is the nephew of Wigot of Wallingford, the earl's tenant at Meysey
}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4332064  Hampton}{\insrsid12807907  in Gloucestershire: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12457489 English and the Norman Conquest,}{\insrsid12807907  p. 102; }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 Farrer, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 Honors}{\insrsid12807907 , iii. 90-91. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 
(no. 2012)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  431.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 TUROLD [* OF QUI}{\insrsid12807907 E}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VRECOURT *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Turold, who held Carlton-in-Lindrick in Nottinghamshire from Roger of Bully}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 9,50}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is very probably Turold }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14116135 of Qui\'e8vrecourt}{\insrsid12807907 , one of two Turolds who witnessed Roger's foundation charter for Blyth priory: }{\i\insrsid12807907 C}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid731055 artulary}{
\i\insrsid12807907  of }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid731055 Blyth }{\i\insrsid12807907 priory}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 209. Turold's descendants founded a nunnery at Wallingwells, endowed with part of Carlton: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14116135 
VCH Nottinghamshire}{\insrsid12807907 , ii. 89. He came from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14116135 Qui\'e8vrecourt}{\insrsid12807907  in Upper Normandy (Seine-Maritime: arrondissement Dieppe): Loyd, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1391730 
Some Anglo-Norman families}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 21. His manor is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 3714)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  430, where Markham, Kelham and We
ston are also assigned to him}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 9,10;59;70}}}{\insrsid12807907 , with the comment that his manors are difficult to distinguish from those of a second Turold.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14116135 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 TUROLD [* OF ROCHESTER *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Turold, who held }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9379344 Berewic}{\insrsid12807907  in Essex from the bishop of Bayeux}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 18,37}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is probably the Turold of Rochester named on the previous manor, and probably also the Turold who annexed land on the bishop's fief at Alresford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 18,44}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  - }{
\insrsid12807907 his byname}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  again }{\insrsid12807907 supplied }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 i}{\insrsid12807907 n the previous entry}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  - }{\insrsid12807907 
and the Turold who 'took 30 acres which are in the bishop of Bayeux's Holding' from the manor of Count Eustace of Boulogne at Fobbing}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 20,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 . }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 He is named }{\insrsid12807907 in full at Mucking, where he annexed thirty acres which were 'an adjunct of the bishop of Bayeux's Holding'. The bishop had no other tenants 
of this name. Turold may have died during the course of the Domesday Survey as he was succeeded by his son Ralph on two of the Essex manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1796482 ESS 18,38}{
\insrsid12807907 ;43}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and perhaps also at Wricklesmarsh in Kent}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14946058 KEN 5,31}}}{\insrsid12807907 , held by 'the son of Turold of Rochester', identified as Ralph in the }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14946058 Domesday Monachorum}{\insrsid12807907  (p. 102). Ralph son of Turold (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1796482 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
) held several manors from the bishop, perhaps in succession to his father. Turold's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{
\insrsid12807907 (no. 725)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 431; they include Lamarsh, which should be assigned to another Turold, a tenant of Ranulf Peverel (no. 7596).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 TUROLD [* OF VERLEY *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Turold, who held a fief in Shropshire from Earl Roger of Shrewsbury, is almost certainly Turold of Verley, who gave a hide in his manor of Little Drayton}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SHR 4,19,8}}}{\insrsid12807907  to the earl's foundation of Shrewsbury abbey: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5251777 Cartulary of Shrewsbury abbey}{\insrsid12807907 
, i. 34. He is probably also the one other Turold in the county, who held 'Little Eton', adjacent to his manor of Pitchford, from St Chad's}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 3f,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Earl Roger had other Turolds among his tenants, all but one of whom may be confidently identified as the nephew of Wigot, the exception being a subtenant with a half-wide in the manor of Cocking in Sussex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5251777 SUS 11,11}}}{
\insrsid12807907 . Turold was probably from Vesly in Upper Normandy (Eure: arrondissement Les Andelys). His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 2558)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  431; the subtenant at Cocking is unidentified (no. 16162), as here.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 TUROLD [* SON OF ODO *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Turolds who held Waresley in Huntingdonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HUN 16,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and Hassenbrook and Basildon in Essex from Swein of Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 24,6-7}}}{\insrsid12807907  may be one man. His successor at Waresley was Robert Waste: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13253642 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid12807907 
, ii. 376-79. Dr Keats-Rohan suggests he may be the son of Odo and brother of William, both tenants of Swein in Essex. William son of Odo's manor of Wickford is five miles from Basildon, and Odo's at Hockley seven}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{
\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 from Wickford, eleven from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Basildon}{\insrsid12807907 . Swein had no other tenants of this name. Turold's manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 1858)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  432.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par "TURSTIN"}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  [* MANTLE *]. The }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7370794 Turstin}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held Bozeat and Courteenhall }{\insrsid12807907 in Northamptonshire }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 from William Peverel}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 35,14;25}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  identified as }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7370794 Turstin}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Mantle}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who had a small tenancy-in-chief in Buckinghamshire}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  by the descent of }{\insrsid12807907 his}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VCH Northamptonshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , iv. 5, 243}{\insrsid12807907 . Peverel had no other }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11211043 Turstin}{\insrsid12807907 s on his Honour. }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7370794 Turstin}{\insrsid12807907 's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 351)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  434, where mention of Ferrers and Giffard is an error, their tenants being recorded elsewhere.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 "TURSTIN" }{\insrsid12807907 [* }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 OF }{\insrsid12807907 CORMEILLES *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Turstin}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  who held }{\insrsid12807907 Syde in Gloucestershire from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4805847 Ansfrid of Cormeilles}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 68,10}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is probably }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Turstin}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4805847  of Cormeilles}{\insrsid12807907 , named in a later satellite text as holding burgesses and a mill in Gloucester (}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4805847 EvK116}{\insrsid12807907 
). He may have been Ansfrid's son and heir: Ellis, '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 On the landholders of Gloucestershire}{\insrsid12807907 ', pp. 91-93, 189}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907  There are no other }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9441648 Turstin}{\insrsid12807907 s on Ansfrids Honour and no more unidentified }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9441648 Turstin}{\insrsid12807907 s in Gloucestershire. }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9441648 Turstin}{\insrsid12807907 
's manor is recorded}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. }{\insrsid12807907 4376}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 433.
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par ................................................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907 "TURSTIN"}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  <OF GRENDON>. }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7370794 Turstin}{\insrsid12807907 , who held a modest manor in Grendon in Warwickshire from Henry of Ferrers}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 19,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, appears to have held no land elsewhere. He is the only }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7370794 Turstin}{\insrsid12807907  in the county, and Henry had no other }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7370794 Turstin}{\insrsid12807907 
s on his Honour. A Robert of Grendon held a fee from the Ferrers Honour in 1166, and also fees in Northamptonshire and Derbyshire, neither of which can be connected to a Domesday }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7370794 Turstin}{\insrsid12807907 : }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7370794 Red Book}{\insrsid12807907 , i. 327, 330, 339. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11211043 He}{\insrsid12807907  is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 11841).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par "TURSTIN" [* }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OF }{\insrsid12807907 WIGMORE *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 The }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7370794 Turstin}{\insrsid12807907 
s who held Huntington, Lingen and Shirley in Shropshire from Ralph of Mortimer}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,11,2. 6,14-15}}}{\insrsid12807907  are the only }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7370794 Turstin}{\insrsid12807907 
s in the county in 1086, so probably one man, predecessor of the Lingen family, tenants of the Mortimer Honour of Wigmore at }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Huntington}{\insrsid12807907  and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Lingen}{\insrsid12807907 
 in the thirteenth century: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7370794 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 963;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13187382 Eyton, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Antiquities of Shropshire}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , v. 74-7}{\insrsid12807907 9}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ; xi. 332-34}{\insrsid12807907 . Ralph acquired another Shropshire manor from }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7370794 Turstin}{\insrsid12807907  of Wigmore}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid7370794 SHR 6,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 , identified by Eyton as the same man: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7370794 Antiquities of Shropshire}{\insrsid12807907 , v. 74-75; xi. 332-34. Round rejected this, identifying }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6111704 Turstin}{\insrsid12807907  of Flanders as }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6111704 Turstin}{\insrsid12807907  of Wigmore, named in Domesday as the husband of Agnes, daughter of Alfred of Marlborough}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid6111704 HEF 19,10}}}{\insrsid12807907 , herself identified in a later charter as the widow of }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16401462 Turstin}{\insrsid12807907  of Flanders. This }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16401462 Turstin}{
\insrsid12807907  was endowed by William son of Osbern with manors at Downton in Herefordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6111704 HEF 9,2}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Mawley in Shropshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6111704 SHR 6,3}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , manors later acquired by Ralph of Mortimer who, Round suggested, may also have acquired Wigmore castle from William's tenant, which would account for one of his bynames. Round assumed that this }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6111704 
Turstin}{\insrsid12807907  lost his original manors in consequence of the revolt of William's son in 1075, retaining only his wife's dowry, which was held by their descendants: 'Domesday survey of Herefordshire', pp. 303-304.
\par \tab There is an alternative explanation of these facts. It is not known when }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6111704 Turstin}{\insrsid12807907  married or when he died; the marriage may have taken place after 1075, and }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7230250 
Turstin}{\insrsid12807907  was probably alive in 1086 - this last is the straight
forward reading of the Domesday text. If so, then he may have found grace after 1075, as a tenant of Ralph of Mortimer in Shropshire and of his father-in-law Alfred of Marlborough in Herefordshire and perhaps also in Wiltshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
WIL 26,21}}}{\insrsid12807907 , as suggested by Eyton, and by James Tait: 'Domesday survey of Shropshire', p. 289. Other tenants of William son of Osbern survived the events of 1075-1076; and even on Round's thesis }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16401462 
Turstin}{\insrsid12807907  had a prior connection - Wigmore - with Ralph of Mortimer. The argument from des
cent on which Round laid considerable stress is in itself unconvincing, since the manors later held by the descendants of Agnes are not attributed to }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1995075 Turstin}{\insrsid12807907 
 in Domesday Book, and the one which is - Cowarne - is not among them, only the manor held solely by Agnes is. Manors held by }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1995075 Turstin}{\insrsid12807907  in his own right may have descended by another route.
\par \tab Eyton suggested that the other three unidentified }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11739465 Turstin}{\insrsid12807907 s in Herefordshire may also be }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11739465 Turstin}{\insrsid12807907 
 of Wigmore. He acknowledged that the Lingen family had no known intere
st in these tenancies, but pointed out that it had large (undefined) claims in the county, where the bulk of the early references to its affairs are recorded. Of these three, the tenant of William of Ecouis at Caerleon is more probably }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11739465 Turstin}{\insrsid12807907  son of Rolf, whose own tenant at Little Marcle}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 17,2}}}{\insrsid12807907  may well be a fellow-warrior like }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11739465 Turstin}{\insrsid12807907 
 of Wigmore, though Marcle is nowhere near the frontier zone; the Lacy tenant at Stanford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 10,73}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 is a similar distance from Wigmore, some thirty miles inland. Neither tenant-in-chief had other tenants of this name, and the four counties adjacent to Herefordshire and Shropshire contain no other }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3936392 Turstin}{
\insrsid12807907 s who are not plausibly identified. The third Turstin, a tenant of Alfred of Marlborough, is likely to be his son-in-law, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11739465 Turstin}{\insrsid12807907  of Wigmore}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 19,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 . }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Turstin}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 's }{\insrsid12807907 tenancies}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 from Ralph of Mortimer }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 are recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 8380) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 435}{\insrsid12807907 , where the identification with }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11739465 Turstin}{\insrsid12807907  of Wigmore - identified as another man (no. 696) - is found 'difficult to accept'; the tenants at Stanford and Marcle are unidentified (nos. 30382, 38426), and the tenant at Caerleon as }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11739465 Turstin}{\insrsid12807907  son of Rolf}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par "TURSTIN"}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15346138  [* SON OF ROLF *]. }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15346138 Turstin}{\insrsid12807907 , who held eight carucates in the castlery of Caerleon in Herefordshire from William of Ecouis}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 14,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is probably }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1662011 Turstin}{\insrsid12807907  son of Rolf, who held another six carucates beyond the Usk - in the frontier area around Caerleon - from the king. He is probably also the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3938609 
Turstin}{\insrsid12807907  - said to be one man - who held two manors in Maids Moreton in Buckinghamshire from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3938609 Walter Giffard}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3938609 BUK 14,28}{
\insrsid12807907 -29}}}{\insrsid12807907 , from whom }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3938609 Turstin}{\insrsid12807907  son of Rolf held Great}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3938609  Missenden}{\insrsid12807907 
 and Burston, the first of which was later held with Maids Moreton: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3938609 VCH Buckinghamshire}{\insrsid12807907 , iv. 200-201. Walter had no other }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3938609 Turstin}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid3938609 s}{\insrsid12807907  among his tenants. }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1662011 Turstin}{\insrsid12807907  was the standard bearer at Hastings, the 'ardent warrior' making the first Norman advances into South Wales: Round, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15346138 Studies in peerage}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7747474  and history}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 187-89. He was a tenant-in-chief in Herefordshire and seven other counties and, according to }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13270290 Exon}{\insrsid12807907 ., a subtenant of the abbey of Glastonbury at Butleigh in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 8,18}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, one of the counties in which he held in chief. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 509)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  433-34, apart from Maids Moreton, whose tenant is unidentified (nos. 1285-86).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par "TURSTIN"}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  [* }{\insrsid12807907 THE SHERIFF}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  *]. }{\insrsid12807907 All }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4916942 Turstin}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13270290 s}{\insrsid12807907 
 on the Honour of the Count of Mortain are probably his sheriff in Cornwall. Those who held twenty consecutive manors there from the Count almost certainly are. }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13270290 Exon}{\i\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907 
names him as sheriff on the first, third and twelfth of these manors, and Domesday identifies another fifteen manors as 'also' held by the same }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4916942 Turstin}{\cs23\i\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 5,4,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13270290 4-11;13-}{
\insrsid12807907 18}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Theoretically, the other three Turstins}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 5,4,2;19-20}}}{\insrsid12807907  might be other individuals, though this appears highly improbable. }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13270290 Turstin}{\insrsid12807907  is also named in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13270290 Exon}{\insrsid12807907 . as the Count's sheriff at Tregenna, taken from St }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13270290 Petroc's Church}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
CON 4,22}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and on a subtenancy of the royal manor of Winnianton at }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid3807947 Truthall}{\insrsid12807907 , so he is likely to be the sheriff on three other subtenancies of Winnianton}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
CON 1,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 . The same source identifies the tenant of Iudhael of Totnes at Froxton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 6,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  - the one other Turstin in the county - as the sheriff. He is probably also the }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13270290 Turstin}{\insrsid12807907  who held parts of the royal manors of South Petherton and Crewkerne from the Count, at Cricket St Thomas}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 1,4. 19,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Easthams in Somerset}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SOM 1,20. 19,33}}}{\insrsid12807907 , five miles apart. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 229)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  435.}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid744778 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par "TURSTIN"}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  [* TINEL *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4916942 Turstin}{\insrsid12807907 s who held Tickenhurst, Woodnesborough and Each in Kent from the bishop of Bayeux}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 210-212}}}{
\insrsid12807907  - said to be one man - are probably }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4916942 Turstin}{\insrsid12807907  Tinel, the bishop's tenant at }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4916942 Leueberge}{\cs23\i\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 5,196}}}{\insrsid12807907 , since the }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4916942 Domesday Monachorum}{\insrsid12807907  (p. 102) assigns all four manors to one man. It is not unlikely that he also held Knowlton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 5,199}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, the most valuable of the Kentish manors of a }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8680626 Turstin}{\insrsid12807907  and a mile from Tickenhurst, the next in value. Bishop Odo had a tenant named }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4916942 Turstin}{\insrsid12807907 
 of Giron at Buckland}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 5,157}}}{\insrsid12807907 , apparently a different man since he was from Gueron in Lower Normandy (Calvados: arrondissement Bayeux) while the continental associations of Tinel are with the d\'e9
partements of Eure and Seine-Maritime in Upper Normandy: Loyd, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1391730 Some Anglo-Norman families}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 45; Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1391730 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 433-34. This }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4916942 Turstin}{\insrsid12807907  may be the one other unidentified }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4916942 Turstin}{\insrsid12807907  in Kent, at Ospringe}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 5,145}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, a few miles from Buckland, the two manors lying at the other end of the county from those of Tinel. }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4916942 Turstin}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid806000 's}{\insrsid12807907  manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{
\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 324)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  434; the tenants at Ospringe and Knowlton are unidentified (nos. 7809, 7822).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par "TURSTIN"}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  [* WISHART *]. }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4916942 Turstin}{\insrsid12807907 , who held Great Saling in Essex from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4916942 John son of Waleran}{\insrsid12807907 , may be the }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4916942 Turstin}{\insrsid12807907  Wishart who held three houses and half a hide of land in Colchester from him}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 40,2. B3p}}}{\insrsid12807907 . There were no other }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4916942 Turstin}{\insrsid12807907 s in Essex, and John had none elsewhere on his Honour. }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4916942 Turstin}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1662011 's}{\insrsid12807907  manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 2062)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  435.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 UHTBRAND. }{\insrsid12807907 Uhtbrand is a rare name which occurs five times, once each in Cheshire, Lincolnshire and Nottinghamshire and twice in Derbyshire, where the one survivor occurs}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1204915 UHTBRAND <OF DENTON>. As his name is rare, the Uhtbrand }{\insrsid12807907 whose}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1204915  modest manor at Denton in Lincolnshire in 1066}{\insrsid12807907  was acquired by }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid4273850 Robert of Stafford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 59,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1204915  may be the Uhtbrand }{\insrsid12807907 at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1204915  Trowell}{\insrsid12807907  in Nottinghamshire}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid1204915 , some thirty}{\insrsid12807907  miles away; but there are no links to confirm this.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 UHTBRAND <OF TABLEY>. }{\insrsid12807907 Uhtbrand, whose waste manor at Tabley in Cheshire was acquired by Jocelyn of Tuschet}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1204915 CHS 19,3}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , has no links with his namesakes, all remote.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 UHTBRAND <OF }{\insrsid12807907 TROWELL}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, the Uhtbrand whose manor in Aston-on-Trent was acquired by Henry of Fe
rrers is very probably the king's tenant in the same vill}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 1,38. 6,93}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and perhaps the Uhtbrand with a fairly substantial manor at Trowell in Nottinghamshire, nine miles away, acquired by William the usher}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NTT 29,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 . His tenancy at Aston is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 9875)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 
referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  435.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5967171 UHTRED. Uhtred is a fairly common name which occurs more than seventy times, distributed}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  among }{\insrsid12807907 nine}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  counties }{\insrsid12807907 
between Cornwall and Yorkshire }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 and the lands of the king and }{\insrsid12807907 fifteen}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  of his tenants-in-chief}{\insrsid12807907 
. More than half the names occur in Yorkshire, with a large cluster in Cheshire and a smaller one in Devon. Survivors held nine manors, all in Yorkshire.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5967171 {\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5967171 UHTRED}{\insrsid12807907  <OF CROSBY>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5967171 . }{\insrsid12807907 All Uhtreds in Cheshire and South La
ncashire may be one man. His twelve manors in the Hundred of West Derby in Lancashire, acquired by Roger of Poitou}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5967171 R1,2;7;13;16;22;26-28;31-32;34;36;41}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, constitute a major estate of more than thirty hides, widely spread throughout the Hundred. Uhtred had significant jurisdictional privileges in Crosby and Kirkdale}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5967171 CHS R1,41}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , Crosby presumably being the centre of his estate which, as Dr Lewis has pointed out, may well have been a significant central-place for many generations, being the site of the
 Little Crosby Viking silver hoard. Kirkdale is just across the Mersey from Wallasey in Cheshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5967171 CHS 3,11}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, held by an Uhtred who may also be the West Derby magnate, as also at Norton south of the Mersey}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5967171 CHS 9,20}}}{\insrsid12807907 , the one other Uhtred in Cheshire: 'In}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8214004 
troduction to the }{\insrsid12807907 Lancashire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8214004  Domesday', }{\insrsid12807907 pp. 29-30.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5967171 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 UHTRED [* SON OF LIGULF *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Uhtred, who succeeded }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7276542 Ligulf}{
\insrsid12807907  at Rudstone in Yorkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 29E14}}}{\insrsid12807907 , may be his son, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7276542 Ligulf}{\insrsid12807907 
 being an important landowner, advisor to Earl Waltheof, one of whose sons was named Uhtred: Williams, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4204244 English and the Norman Conquest}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 67-68. The name is common in Yorkshire, borne by sever
al other survivors who might be Ligulf's son but are without specific links to connect them. His manor is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{
\insrsid12807907 (no. 4685)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  435.

\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12609240 ULF. Ulf is a very common name which occurs almost 250 times, distributed among twenty-six}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  counties }{\insrsid12807907 between Devon and Yorkshire }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 
and the lands of the king and }{\insrsid12807907 sixty}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  of his tenants-in-chief}{\insrsid12807907 , wit
h very large concentrations in Lincolnshire and Yorkshire and substantial groups in Devon, Buckinghamshire, Northamptonshire and East Anglia. Survivors held thirteen manors distributed among ten counties between Devon and Yorkshire, only Leicestershire co
ntaining more than one survivor and only }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12609240 Hugh of Grandmesnil}{\insrsid12807907  having more than one tenant of this name.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12609240 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12609240 {\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ULF [* FENMAN *]. Ulf, }{\insrsid12807907 a }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
predecessor of Gilbert of Ghent in eleven counties, is }{\insrsid12807907 named}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Ulf Fenman }{\insrsid12807907 on Gilbert's fiefs }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 in }{\insrsid12807907 Cambridgeshire, }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Derbyshire, Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid12807907  and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Lincolnshire and is }{\insrsid12807907 three times}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 specifically designated}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 as Gilbert's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 antecessor}{\cs23\i\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 DBY 13,2. LIN }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid5322041 CW17}{\insrsid12807907 . CK44}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , so most if not all Ulfs on Gilbert's fiefs in }{\insrsid12807907 Bedfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9573726 BDF 27,1}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 22,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , Cambridgesh}{\insrsid12807907 ire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 23,1-5}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
, Huntingdonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab HUN 21,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LIN }{\insrsid12807907 C7. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 24,5-22;2}{\insrsid12807907 
5-34;36;45-53;77-78;80;82-105}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 46,7}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 NTT 17,1;4-}{
\insrsid12807907 6;9-18}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Oxfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 38,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Rutland}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab RUT 5,15}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{
\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 very probably the Fenman}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Ulf Fenman is }{\insrsid12807907 also }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
named as a predecessor of Oger the Breton at Haconby and Morton in Lincolnshire, and the Lincolnshire Claims }{\insrsid12807907 name}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  him as the predecessor of Geoffrey of la Guerche on several other }{\insrsid12807907 
manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in th}{\insrsid12807907 at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LIN 63,10;12-14;21;25. CW17}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
, while manorial links identify him as the predecessor of Guy of Craon and Peter of Valognes at Threekingham and Burton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 57,40. 60,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{
\insrsid12807907  Of these three tenants-in-chief, only }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11349275 Geoffrey}{\insrsid12807907  had an Ulf elsewhere on his Honour, on a modest shared manor at East Norton in Leicestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11349275 
LEC 29,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; but since Geoffrey received this manor through an exchange, this Ulf may be another man. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Ulf}{\insrsid12807907  Fenman }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
is several times described as a royal thane}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 27,1. BUK 22,1. CAM 23,1;5}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  so he may be the royal thane }{\insrsid12807907 Ulf }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
who preceded William son of Ansculf }{\insrsid12807907 on the very substantial manor of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Newport}{\insrsid12807907  Pagnell in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11349275 BUK 17,17}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , another valuable manor at Tickford and a lesser one at }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Woolstone}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11349275 BUK 17,}{
\insrsid12807907 19;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11349275 27}}}{\insrsid12807907 , as well others held by his men in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Caldecote and Hardmead}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 17,18;28}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. If so, Newport was his most valuable manor outside Yorkshire and Lincolnshire. Another royal thane,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Ulf }{\insrsid12807907 
son of Manni, held land in the county; but though a substantial landowner, none of his manors were on the scale of Newport. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 William son of Ansculf}{\insrsid12807907  had no other Ulfs on his Honour..}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 \tab In Yorkshire, as in Lincolnshire and Nottinghamshire, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Ulf 'had full jurisdiction, market rights and all customary dues'}{\insrsid12807907 
 and yet is recorded in the Claims (though not the main text) as holding only a single carucate in the county, in the hands of Ilbert of Lacy in 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS CW4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{
\insrsid12807907 The small fief of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Gilbert of Ghent}{\insrsid12807907  was}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  held by Karli and Ketilbert}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 YKS 20}{\insrsid12807907 
E1-4}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; and although i}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 t is possible that Ulf Fenman }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  their unnamed overlord}{\insrsid12807907 , he}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  surely had 
}{\insrsid12807907 significant }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 demesne holdings}{\insrsid12807907  too}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . If so, he is likely to }{\insrsid12807907 be}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 the predecessor of Drogo of la Beuvri\'e8re}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 YKS 14}{\insrsid12807907 E11;23-25;31-32;36}}}{\insrsid12807907 , the only Ulf with substantial manors in the county,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{
\insrsid12807907 some}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 of which}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  located across the Humber from the Fenman's }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in north Lincolnshire. }{\insrsid12807907 The difficulty with this explanation is that Drogo also acquired a number of manors in Lincolnshire and elsewhere}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 36,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 from another substantial Lincolnshire landowner of this name, Ulf son of Topi}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 30,6-8;20-21;32;36. CN27}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, and it seems improbable that the two significant Ulfs in the county are both Drogo's predecessors. This difficulty disappears, of course, if Ulf Fenman and Ulf son of Topi are the same man.
\par \tab This may be the case, as there are other links between them. Many of the manors of Ulf son of Topi are documented in his will, a royal charter and the Peterborough chronicle which between them ite
mise extensive grants made to the abbey by Ulf and his relatives: Whitelock, }{\i\insrsid12807907 Anglo-Saxon wills}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 94-97, 207-12; Bates, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16540617 Regesta}{\insrsid12807907 
, no. 216, pp. 686-88; Hugh Candidus, pp. 40-41, 71-72, 86. Apart from immediate family, Ulf was related in an unspecified but close degree to Abbot Brand of Peterborough and his brothers and relatives, Alnoth, Eskil, Godric, Rolf, Siric and }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16540617 Siuorthus}{\insrsid12807907 . With the exception of Siric, all held land in vills named in Ulf's will or by Hugh Candidus as grants made to the abbey, and all held land in vills alongside other family members.
\par \tab Ulf Fenman held land in many of the same vills: Althorpe, Lavington, Manthorpe (with Witham), Morton, Riseholme and Sempringham, named among the donations of Ulf son of Topi; Addlethorpe, Beltoft, Belton, Burton, Candlesby, }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2182108 Hagworthingham}{\insrsid12807907 , Lound, Risehol
me and Scremby alongside an Alnoth; Appleby, Barholm, Greatford and Stowe with an Eskil; Addlethorpe, Burgh-le-Marsh, Burton, 'Holme' and Wainfleet with a Godric; Ingoldsby, Hykeham and Stainfield with a Siward; Addlethorpe and Haconby with Healfdene son 
of Topi, Ulf's brother; Stow St Mary with Edeva wife of Topi (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16540617 q.v}{\i\insrsid12807907 .}{\insrsid12807907 ); and possibly Rasen}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 4,39}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 with a Rolf. Several of these forenames are common and so may not be the relatives of Ulf; but the pattern is too marked to be entirely or even largely due t
o a coincidence of forenames. Many of these vills are comparable to the 'family' vills in Warwickshire analysed by Dr Williams: '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 A }{\insrsid12807907 v}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ice-}{\insrsid12807907 c}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 omital }{\insrsid12807907 f}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 amily}{\insrsid12807907 ', pp. 279-95. Four of them were also shared with Swartbrand son of Ulf (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2819182 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
), very likely the son of Ulf Fenman. Additionally, Ulf's will suggests he is the Ulf who held Lenton and Limber}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 2,42. 25,3. CK10}}}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par \tab Ulf Fenman is probably also to be identified with Ulf the noble, who held the manor of Creeton and its dependencies in Castle and Little Bytham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 51,7-9}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. These are the only manors of Ulf the noble in Domesday Book, a mediocre endowment for a man of this status. Creeton is four miles from Ulf Fenman's manor of Witham, and two from Bytham, the subject of a grant in Ulf's will. Additionally, the U
lf at Canwick is probably Ulf Fenman since Swartbrand claimed land in the vill through his father, Ulf}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 6,1. CK18}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; and Ulf of Barnetby}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 34,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 may also be the Fenman, Barnetby being four miles from his manor at Kettleby and acquired by Erneis of Buron who also acquired several manors from, Edeva, the mother of Ulf son of Topi.
\par \tab Ulf is ranked third in wealth among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 untitled laymen by Dr Clarke; adding the manors of Ulf son of Topi and his wife and brother (pp. 354-55) would place him on a par with E
sger the constable, ranked second. L}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 ist}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  of the }{\insrsid12807907 Ulf's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  manor}{\insrsid12807907 s}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  given by}{\insrsid12807907  Hart, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12677383 Danelaw}{\insrsid12807907 , 267-79, and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 Clarke, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11564255 English nobility}{\i\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 pp. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 351-5}{\insrsid12807907 
3. Dr Clarke omits dependencies, Dr Hart gives a detailed breakdown of the sokes. Neither includes the manors of William
 son of Ansculf or identifies Ulf son of Topi with Ulf Fenman; Dr Clarke assigns the Yorkshire manors acquired by Drogo to Ulf Fenman, but Dr Hart does not.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8324162 ULF <OF CARLTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 Although the name is common, there is little reason to doubt that the Ulf who granted land at Stonegrave in Yorkshire to the Canons of York}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 2N15}}}{\insrsid12807907  is the U
lf from whom they acquired twelve of the previous thirteen manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 2N2-4;6-14}}}{\insrsid12807907 . He may also be}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  the }{\insrsid12807907 
Ulf who preceded the archbishop at Langtoft and Cottam}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 2B16-17}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Neither the archbishop or the Canons were preceded elsewhere by an Ulf. His most valuable manor was Carlton }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8324162 Husthwaite}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
YKS 2N14}}}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par \tab Ulf has been identified as Ulf son of Thorald - 'Ulphus the son of Toraldus' - who endowed the Church of York 'with many large possessions', in memorable circumstances recorded by Camden (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8324162 Britannia}{
\insrsid12807907 , p. 720) from an 'ancient book': 'This Ulphus governed in the west parts of Deira, and by reason of a difference like to happen between his eldest son and his youngest, about the 
lordships after his death, he presently took his course to make them equal. Without delay, he went to York, and taking the horn he was wont to drink from with him, he filled it with wine, kneeling upon his knees before the Altar, bestowed upon God and the
 
blessed S. Peter, Prince of the Apostles, all his lands and tenements'. Camden appears to locate his story in the eighth century, the time of Alcuin; but subsequent scholars referred it to the reign of Cnut or shortly thereafter since a fourteenth century
 
source - probably Camden's 'ancient book' - describes Ulphus as an earl, a title not current before then, and adds that his gifts were confirmed by Edward the Confessor, confirming a pre-Conquest date: Gale, 'Historical dissertation', pp. 192-93. When the
 lands of the Domesday Ulf were brought into the discussion, he became the preferred candidate: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5511969 VCH Yorkshire}{\insrsid12807907 , ii. 151-52.
\par \tab There are, however, serious objections to this identification. According to Domesday, Ulf was still in possession of his lands in 106
6. More significantly, the thirteenth century survey known as Kirkby's Quest records that the lands of Ulf which formed part of the Liberty of St Peter all lay in the East Riding, and were far more extensive than those of the Domesday Ulf, all of whose ma
nors were in the North Riding, apart from the two acquired by the archbishop}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 2B16-17}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. All the manors of Ulf in Kirkby's Quest were already in the hands of the archbishop or Canons in 1066 according to Domesday Book, apart from Dunnington, held by an Edwin and Slettan}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 2B8}}}{\insrsid12807907 : }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5511969 Kirkby's Inquest}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 62-63, 66, 68, 92. An attempt has been made to reconcile Domesday and Kirkby's quest by suggesting that Ulf donated only some his lands to the Church of York, retaining some manors - he is held to be aliv
e in 1086 - for himself and his sons; but, apart from ignoring the inconvenient parts of the tradition, the thesis depends upon heroic assumptions about the identity of several unidentified Ulfs, Arnketils, Gamals, Northmanns and Orms in Domesday: Davies,
 
'Horn of Ulphus', pp. 1-11. If Ulf and his horn can be assigned to any known Ulf, then given the scale of his grants and the historical tradition, the most likely candidate remains Cnut's earl, Ulf Thorgilsson, despite his patronymic. The horn is now one 
of the treasures of the Minster museum.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par ULF [* }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OF GLATTON}{\insrsid12807907  *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 The Ulfs whose four manors in Huntingdonshire constituted the fief of Count Eustace of Boulogne in the county}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
HUN 9,1-4}}}{\insrsid12807907  are evidently one man, probably the Ulf of Glatton who witnessed a charter of Ramsey abbey before the Conquest, Glatton being his principal manor: }{\i\insrsid12807907 Chronicon abbatiae Rameseiensis}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 175-76; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4938831 Early charters of eastern England}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 236. Count Eustace had no other tenants or predecessors of this name.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ULF <OF }{\insrsid12807907 NOCTON}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 The Ulfs whose manors in Lincolnshire were acquired by Norman of Arcy}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 32,1-2;32;34}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 may be the second Ulf - Ulf Fenman is the first - who had '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9245805 full jurisdiction and market rights}{\insrsid12807907 ' in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN T5}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Nocton being the most va
luable manor held by an Ulf who is not apparently Ulf Fenman. His manors are surrounded by those of Ulf Fenman, conceivably the same man; but the existence of a second Ulf with county-wide jurisdictional rights implies another Ulf of substance; and, unlik
e many of the manors of Ulf Fenman, those acquired by Norman do not lie in the 'family' vills of Ulf Fenman and his relatives, with the partial exception of Brocklesby.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ULF [* SON OF AZUR *]. The Ulf}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held Brafield and Houghton in Northamptonshire from Countess Judith}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 56,56;63-64}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{
\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 almost certainly}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Ulf son of Azur}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 whose manors in those vills}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 she claimed from the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 bishop of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Bayeux}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 2,2-3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . He }{
\insrsid12807907 may also be}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the Ulf who held Hardwick from }{\insrsid12807907 her}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 56,47}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , although the Lincolnshire Claims }{\insrsid12807907 state that}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Hardwick}{\insrsid12807907 , presumed to be the outlier of Lavington in Lincolnshire,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 was}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  sold to the }{\insrsid12807907 archbishop}
{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  of York by another Ulf, Ulf son of Topi}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN CK10}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . The Countess }{\insrsid12807907 had}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  a second }{
\insrsid12807907 manor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in Hardwick for which no pre-Conquest holder is named}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 56,48}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\insrsid12807907 
which may have been his, though this would not explain why she acquired both}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 : }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 Whitelock, }{\i\insrsid12807907 Anglo-Saxon wills}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , p}{\insrsid12807907 
p. 94-97, 207-12. A more likely explanation is that Hardwick of Ulf's will is not the Northamptonshire Hardwick but Hardwick in 'Well' wapentake in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN T2-4}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, in which case the link with the Countess is probably Swein son of Svavi (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4609808 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ), from whom she acquired this Hardwick and another manor in Yorkshire.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{
\insrsid12807907 Azur's son may also be}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the Ulf who held Chadstone}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 53,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , adjacent to Brafield, Countess Judith lay}{\insrsid12807907 ing}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  claim to it on the grounds that Ulf was the man of her husband, Earl Wal
theof. This would account for the absence of Chadstone from the will of Ulf son of Topi, who has been tentatively identified as the Ulf in this entry: }{\i\insrsid12807907 Anglo-Saxon wills}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  p. 208. }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Judith had one other predecessor named Ulf, at Markfield in Leicestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 40,9}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{\insrsid12807907 possibly}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  the same man}{\insrsid12807907 
; but the name is common and Markfield more than forty miles away}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Ulf son of Azur }{\insrsid12807907 may have been}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 allowed to survive on a fragment of his previous estate, }{\insrsid12807907 retaining}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  a hide in Oxendon }{\insrsid12807907 which he held in 1066, the only Ulf who was a tenant of the Countess}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NTH 56,32}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . He }{\insrsid12807907 is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 27480)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ULF}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  [* SON OF MANNI SWART *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Robert of Tosny acquired his fief}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in Gloucestershire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
GLS 46,1-3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and Cambridgeshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 20,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\insrsid12807907 one of his most valuable manors - Stone - in Buckinghamshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
BUK 18,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 and two of }{\insrsid12807907 the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  four in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 44,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  from Ulf, }{
\insrsid12807907 probably}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the }{\insrsid12807907 Ulf designated}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 as }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Robert's predecessor in the }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  (}{\insrsid12807907 ed. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Hamilton, p}{\insrsid12807907 . }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 42). }{
\insrsid12807907 In Suffolk, Robert acquired the other two manors on his fief from Manni Swart (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8022293 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ), which strongly suggests that Ulf is the son of Manni Swart, so-named at }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid8022293 T}{\insrsid12807907 heberton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 
{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8022293 SUF 6,109}}}{\insrsid12807907 . If so, then he is probably the Ulf whose}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  valuable manor of Beddington in Surrey}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUR 29,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 was acquired by}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Miles Crispin}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 his father supplying }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 the other manor }{\insrsid12807907 constituting}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Miles' fief.}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 He may also be the Ulf}{\insrsid12807907  on}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  two valuable manors in Middlesex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab MDX 7,2;6}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  acquired }{\insrsid12807907 by}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Earl Roger}{
\insrsid12807907  of Shrewsbury,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 who}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  also obtained Ickenham}{\insrsid12807907  from}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  a man of }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Ulfi}
{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  son of Manni}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab MDX 7,8}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , either Ulf or another son of Manni}{\insrsid12807907 , more likely the former as Wulfsi would be a lord without demesne lands}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 He is }{\insrsid12807907 perhaps also}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the Ulf whose }{\insrsid12807907 man}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in }{\insrsid12807907 Stone}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  was acquired by the }{\insrsid12807907 bishop of Bayeux}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 4,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 As he}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 is described as a royal thane on his Cambridgeshire }{\insrsid12807907 manor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , and as a royal Guard in Buckinghamshire, it is possible he is the royal thane who held other manors in Buckinghamshire}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  though it is more likely that these were held by }{\insrsid12807907 the magnate, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Ulf Fenman}{\insrsid12807907 . Ulf}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and his father are probably the }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Mannig Sparcingesone}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and Ulf named in a charter of Bury St Edmunds: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Early charters of eastern England}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 249}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ; VCH Suffolk}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , i. 504 note 132.}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 A list of }{\insrsid12807907 his}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  manor}{\insrsid12807907 s}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11564255 English nobility}{\i\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 pp. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8022293 
355-56, which includes only those manors acquired by Robert of Tosny. Dr Clarke ranks him sixty-}{\insrsid12807907 sixth in wealth among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 
untitled laymen; the additional manors would raise him more than twenty places, with those of his father, thirty.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8022293 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ULF}{\insrsid12807907 GRIM}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Ulfgrim is a rare name which occurs once in Buckinghamshire and 
Nottinghamshire and on three manors and two Claims in Lincolnshire. It is used interchangeably by the scribe with Wilgrim; its derivation is uncertain but it has been suggested that Wulfgrim is the more acceptable form: }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4609808 
Fellows-Jensen}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4609808  'On the identification of Domesday tenants in Lincolnshire', }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7237629 p}{\insrsid12807907 . 34. There are no surviving Ulfgrims or Wilgrims.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ULF}{\insrsid12807907 GRIM <OF }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11301860 HARDMEAD}{\insrsid12807907 >}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 Ulfgrim, Earl Leofwin's man, whose}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  
}{\insrsid12807907 very modest manor at Hardmead in Buckinghamshire was acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11301860 Hugh of Bolbec}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11301860 BUK 26,10}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , is the one Ulfgrim in southern England; it seems unlikely he is Lincolnshire and Yorkshire lord of this name, the one other Ulfgrim in Domesday Book.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ULF}{\insrsid12807907 GRIM <OF LAUGHTON>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, all Ulfgrims in Lincolnshire may be one man,
 the predecessor of Guy of Craon on the substantial manor of Laughton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 57,7-9. NTT 1,66}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and of the bishop of Bayeux at Rasen and Cockerington}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 4,39;57-58}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. A Claim concerning Laughton renders Ulfgrim as Wilgrim}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11301860 LIN CW15}}}{\insrsid12807907 , so the one Wilgrim in Domesday Book, predecessor of Count Alan of Brittany at Killingholme}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 12,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, probably represents the same name as Ulfgrim. All these manors are in Lindsey, where another Claim describes the manors of Alsi and Ulfgrim as rightfully belonging to the bishopric of Lincoln, 'because they had \'a3
160 for the lands themselves before 1066', a massive sum which indicates the status of Alsi and Ulfgrim}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11301860 LIN CS5}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and must include more land than is assigned to either man in the text for the c
ounty. Alsi is very probably the predecessor of William of Percy, who had several valuable manors in Lindsey, one of them acquired by Percy as a tenant of the bishop of Lincoln}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 7,13}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Whatever the nature of Alsi's relationship with Ulfgrim, it probably identifies the latter as the one Yorkshire Ulfgrim, at Catton, where he was succeeded by William of Percy}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 13N19}}}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ULFKIL. }{\insrsid12807907 Ulfkil is a very common name }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2513720 which }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 occurs }{\insrsid12807907 on one fief and more 200}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  }{
\insrsid12807907 other manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 , distributed among }{\insrsid12807907 fifteen}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  counties and the lands of the king and }{\insrsid12807907 more than fifty}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 
 of his tenants-in-chief}{\insrsid12807907 . Its distribution is skewed, being confined to East 
Anglia and the Midland and northern counties; it does not occur south of the Thames or in circuit three. There are large clusters in East Anglia, Lincolnshire, Nottinghamshire and Yorkshire, and few substantial holdings anywhere. Survivors held one fief a
nd some two dozen other manors distributed among five counties and the lands of the king and nine of his tenants-in-chief.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ULFKIL }{\insrsid12807907 [* BROTHER OF ALGAR *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 
All Ulfkil's in Nottinghamshire may be one man, who survived in the county for twenty years, one of only four counties where an Ulfkil did so. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 The Ulfkils who held Clifton and Woodborough among the }{\insrsid12807907 
king's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  thanes}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 in both 1066 and 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 30,9;25}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{
\insrsid12807907 is likely to}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  be the Ulfkil who held ten other manors }{\insrsid12807907 among the thanes}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 in 1066. In Woodborough itself, a second manor of Ulfkil was acquired by Healfdene of Cromwell (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ), who succeeded Ulfkil on six others}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 30,2;5-6;30;33;36;45}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Of the two remaining manors, Strelley}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 30,31}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is between four }{\insrsid12807907 and five miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  from }{
\insrsid12807907 two}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  of the above manors, Kingston-upon-Soar}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 30,22}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  six }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  from Clifton. }{
\insrsid12807907 At Kingston,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Ulfkil is identified by a royal grant as the brother of Algar }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Cida}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, a grant which does not unfortunately name his other manors: Bates, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Regesta}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{\insrsid12807907 no. 116, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 p. 409. }{\insrsid12807907 Algar's brother}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is probably also the Ulfkil who preceded William Peverel on three of his Nottinghamshire manors}{\insrsid12807907  since}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Clifton, held by Ulfkil i
n chief in 1086 (above), was originally assigned to Peverel with Ulfkil as his tenant, then deleted}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 10,6}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, an entry which reveals that Ulfkil also held it in 1066, information missing from his entry among the }{\insrsid12807907 king's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  thanes. Peverel's other two manors, at Eastwood and Beeston}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 10,32;34}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , are each within three }{\insrsid12807907 or four miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  of one of those assigned above to }{\insrsid12807907 Algar's brother}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx540\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 \tab Ralph of Buron and William the usher acquired manors from an Ulfkil who may be }{\insrsid12807907 
the same man}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . One of Ralph's three manors - Lamcote}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 15,7}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  - lay in a vill where }{\insrsid12807907 the thane }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Ulfkil had another manor; and the other two, Hucknall and Rempstone}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 15,4;6}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , are each about six }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  from one of }
{\insrsid12807907 the thane's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Bramcote}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 29,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , acquired by William the usher, lies between }{\insrsid12807907 the thane's}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  vills of Beeston and Trowell, two }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  from either. The remaining Ulfkils in the county, }{\insrsid12807907 all }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
predecessors of Roger of Bully}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 9,11;32;40-42}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15211443 ;51;66-68;128}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , are likely to be one man; and since he, too, was a survivor}{\insrsid12807907  on three of Roger's manors}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NT
T 9,11;41-42;128}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , it is not unlikely that he is }{\insrsid12807907 Algar's brother}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , his manors allocated to Roger because of the wapentakes in which they lay}{\insrsid12807907 
, these being precisely those wapentakes where Bully obtained a block grant of all unallocated land: Fleming, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12609240 Kings and lords}{\insrsid12807907 
, p. 163. Three of these manors - Normanton-on-Trent, Sutton-on-Trent and Skegby - lie between two and five miles from the thane's manor of Carlton-}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15211443 on}{\insrsid12807907 -T}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15211443 rent}{
\insrsid12807907 , while Roger's manor in the lost vill of }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15211443 Odestorp}{\insrsid12807907  is in the same wapentake as Woodborough, where Algar's brother is named and the thane had a second manor.
\par \tab Roger of Bully also had an Ulfkil among his predecessors in Yorkshire, all his manors lying in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15211443 Strafforth}{\insrsid12807907  wapentake}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 10W8-9}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15211443 ;12-13;27}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , roughly 
ten to twenty miles from the nearest cluster of his manors in Nottinghamshire. The Count of Mortain's predecessor also had several manors in that wapentake, his manors there and elsewhere being intermixed with those of Bully's predecessor, the Mortain man
ors also lying close to some of those of Ilbert of Lacy's predecessor, who is also his tenant on some of them. But the name is common in Yorkshire, and there are no specific links between the manors of the three predecessors.}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Peverel's tenant is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (nos. 35336, 35612, 35628), as is Roger's (nos. 35184, 35216, 35323).
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ULFKIL <OF }{\insrsid12807907 BUPTON}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 All Ulfkils in Derbyshire may be the same man. Eleven manors of his manors were acquired by Henry of Ferrers}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
DBY }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1125018 6,7;36-38;45;52;56;60;90}}}{\insrsid12807907 , all but two lying in 'Appletree' wapentake, and all but one within roughly five miles of one or more of the others. The exception, Tissington}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
DBY 6,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 , was shared with a number of other lords, three of whom shared another manor with Ulfkil; two others were shared with an Aefic, a rare name. The other Ulfkil in Derbyshire may also be the same man, though his manor de
volved upon Nigel of Stafford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 14,4-5}}}{\insrsid12807907 . It is five miles from the Ferrers acquisition of Sinfin}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 6,90}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, perhaps acquired by Nigel because his entire fief lay in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10494856 Walecros}{\insrsid12807907  wapentake, much of the land in Derbyshire being allocated by wapentake: Fleming, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1125018 
Kings and nobles}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 149-51, 160, 164-65. Neither Henry or Nigel had predecessors or tenants named Ulfkil in other counties.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ULVAR <OF STANLEY>. Ulvar}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 whose}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  modest manor at Stanley in Derbyshire }{\insrsid12807907 was acquired by }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid6696298 Robert son of William}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 DBY}{\insrsid12807907  15,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  may be the only man of this name in Domesday Book}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  the Ulvar }{\insrsid12807907 at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Thorner }{\insrsid12807907 in Yorkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10626906 9W12}}}{
\insrsid12807907  probably}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 being }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 a scribal error for Wulfbert (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ).
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 UNBAN <OF BRETTENHAM>. }{\insrsid12807907 The free man Unban named in the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10618381 Inquisitio Eliensis}{\insrsid12807907  (
ed. Hamilton, p. 140) as held by Eudo the steward at Brettenham in Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 24,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 , has no links with his Derbyshire namesake.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 UNBAN <OF SUTTON>. The one Unban in Domesday Book, who}{\insrsid12807907 se}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  shared }{\insrsid12807907 manor of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Sutton in Derbyshire}{\insrsid12807907 
 was}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  acquired by Henry of Ferrers}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 6,39}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , has no links with his namesake}{\insrsid12807907  recorded}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 in the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Inquisitio Eliensis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 UNTAN <OF COUGHTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 It is probable that the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10618381 Untain}{\insrsid12807907 s who preceded Thorkil of Warwick on two respectable manors at Dosthill and Coughton in Warw
ickshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 17,13;69}}}{\insrsid12807907  are one man, these being the only such names in Domesday Book. It is not unlikely that he is also the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10618381 Untan}{\insrsid12807907 
 whose manor at Bradley in Staffordshire was acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10618381 William son of Ansculf}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 12,23}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Bradley being closer to the Wa
rwickshire manors than they are to each other, though it has been suggested that }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16410641 Untan}{\insrsid12807907  may be a variant form of Wulfstan, William's predecessor elsewhere in the county: von Feilitzen, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12721020 Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 402. The }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12155143 Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England}{\insrsid12807907  accepts }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16410641 Untan}{
\insrsid12807907  and }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16410641 Untain}{\insrsid12807907  as the same name.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 URFER <OF }{\insrsid12807907 OFFLEY}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 It is probable that all Urfers in Domesday Book are one man, whose manors in Warwickshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 22,24}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and Staffordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 11,14;51-52}}}{\insrsid12807907  were all held from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10618381 Robert of Stafford}{\insrsid12807907 
, the Staffordshire manors having previously been held by a Wulfric and subsequently by Roger son of Henry in the thirteenth century: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10618381 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 967, 974; }{\i\insrsid12807907 
Liber Niger Scaccari, Staffordscira}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 171-73. Urfer's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 8157)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  439.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 URSO. Urso is a common name with a highly skewed distribution, all but a handful of the names occurring in the fou
r adjacent counties of Gloucestershire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire and Warwickshire where the sheriff Urso of Abetot held his four tenancies-in-chief. There are additional grounds for identifying the many unidentified Ursos within that area as the same
 man; and of the nine outside, two - possibly more - are probably also the sheriff.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12798503 {\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 URSO [* THE SHERIFF *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Distri
butional factors suggest that all Ursos in the four adjacent counties of Gloucestershire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire and Warwickshire may be Urso of Abetot}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\insrsid12807907 alias}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 Urso of Worce}{\insrsid12807907 ster}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 65,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , tenant-in-chief in those counties and sheriff of Worcestershire. Urso was a tenant of t}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 he }{\insrsid12807907 king}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
HEF 1,38}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the bishops of Hereford and Worcester}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WAR 3,6. WOR 2,}{\insrsid12807907 17-18;25-28;35;49;51-54;79. 3,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the abbeys of Coventry, Westminster}{\insrsid12807907 , Pershore}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and Evesham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
WOR 5,1. 8,2;4;7-8;9e;10b;11;27. 9,1b-1c;1e;5b-5c;6c}{\insrsid12807907 . 10,12}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the canons of Hereford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WOR 12,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and Odo of Bayeux, Earl Roger of Shrewsbury, Ralph of Tosny, and Osbern son of Richard}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
WAR 37,2. WOR 11,1-2. 14,2. 15,9. }{\insrsid12807907 19,14}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Despite this plethora of tenants-in-chief, all these tenants may be identified as the sheriff }{\insrsid12807907 by}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 the descent of their lands to his successor, his son-in-law William of Beauchamp}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Round, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Feudal England}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , pp. 170-74, 177-79; }{
\i\insrsid12807907 Book of Fees,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  pp. 140, 449, 610}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  961; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Feudal Aids}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , v. 305, 318, 326; }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid10776821 Thomas of Marlborough}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , pp. }{\insrsid12807907 172-79,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  182-85. Less certainly, the Urso with two }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in Oxfordshire may be the sheriff, though neither descended to his heirs. Chastleton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 7,54}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{
\insrsid12807907 seven}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  miles from his manor at Sezincote, was held from the }{\insrsid12807907 bishop of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Bayeux, from whom he held land elsewhere; and Enstone}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
OXF 11,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\insrsid12807907 three}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  miles from his }{\insrsid12807907 manor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  at Spelsbury, was held from Winchcombe }{\insrsid12807907 abbey}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , abbeys being Urso's preferred victims. It is less likely, however, that the sheriff }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the Urso holding land in Dorset and Wiltshire, as has been }{\insrsid12807907 
suggested}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , he perhaps being Urso of Berch\'e8res}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Beauchamp }{\i\insrsid12807907 c}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 artulary}{\insrsid12807907 , p. xix}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Even so, Urso's holdings as a tenant were exceptionally large, some three to four times the size of those he held as tenant-in-chief. As Round observed, Urso's real power as a landowner lay
 not in his holdings from the Crown but in 'the vast extent of the la}{\insrsid12807907 nd he held as an under-tenant': 'Domesday survey of Worcestershire',}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13043600  p.}{\insrsid12807907  264}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . 
}{\insrsid12807907 Dr Williams provides a table of his Worcestershire tenancies which agrees with the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8920864 Statistics}{\insrsid12807907  database apart f
rom the figure for the Church of Worcester: 'Introduction to the Worcestershire Domesday', p. 30; see}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  also Williams, 'Spoliation of Worcester', pp. 397-99, 407-408}{\insrsid12807907 . Urso's manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 1297)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  439, apart from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Chastleton}{\insrsid12807907 
, whose tenant is unidentified (no. 27765).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VAGN}{\insrsid12807907 . Vagn is a rare name which occurs nine times, distributed among three counties and the lands of as many tenants-in-chief.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 VAGN }{\insrsid12807907 [* OF WOOTTON *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 All Vagns in Great Domesday are probably the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Wagene de Wotton}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 named in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  a grant to Coventry abbey}{\insrsid12807907 , his byname derived from his manor of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Wootton Wawen, }{\insrsid12807907 whose}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 surname}{\insrsid12807907 '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 preserves}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 
his personal name. All his}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  manors in Warwickshire were acquired by Robert of Stafford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 22,1-2;4;6-7;9;23}}}{\insrsid12807907 , h}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 is manor at Tysoe }{\insrsid12807907 being}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  the most valuable in the county, where he was the most substantial predecessor of Robert by a considerable margin}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  contribut}{\insrsid12807907 ing}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  more to the value of }{\insrsid12807907 his}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Honour than anyone }{\insrsid12807907 other than}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Earl Edwin. As his name is rare, he may be the Vagn }{\insrsid12807907 at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Barr in Staffordshire}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  acquired by William son of Ansculf}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
STS 12,25}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ; Barr is closer to some of the Warwickshire manors than they are to each other. He has been identified as a retainer of Earl Leofric of Mercia who
 witnessed a number of charters in the 1040s and 1050s, and possibly as the Vagn whose legendary deeds are recorded in the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Jomsviking Saga}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 : Baxter, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Earls of Mercia}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 240-42, 254.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VAGN <OF WRENINGHAM>. }{\insrsid12807907 Vagn, who held Wreningham in Norfolk from Hermer of Ferrers}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 13,24}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is the only post-Conquest landowner of this name. It is unlikely that he is the English landowner in the Midlands in 1066, with whom he has no tenurial or other links. He is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907 
 (no. 10009).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VIKING}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10234045 .}{
\insrsid12807907  Viking is an uncommon name which occurs eighteen times in Domesday Book and once more in a satellite text,
 distributed among five counties and the lands of eight tenants-in-chief, with one cluster in Devon; all Vikings are pre-Conquest landowners, one of them surviving until 1086.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 VIKING <OF ASHENDON>. Viking}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  who held }{\insrsid12807907 a modest manor at }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Ashendon in Buckinghamshire }{\insrsid12807907 in 1066 and retained it as a tenant of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6696298 Miles Crispin}{
\insrsid12807907  twenty years later}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 BUK 23,9}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is the only surviving Viking. He is possibly the same man as }{\insrsid12807907 
his Warwickshire namesakes, his manor being roughly as far from the nearest of the Warwickshire manors as they are from each other}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{\insrsid12807907 though}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 there are no links to confirm this. }{\insrsid12807907 If he is the same man, he had come down in the world, though not as calamitously as most of his peers, his tenancy being worth about a fifth of the value of the manors of 1066. }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Viking}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 1393).
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VIKING <OF BARCHESTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare in the Midlands, the three Vikings in Warwickshire are likely to be the same man. Two of his manors lay in Barcheston}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 28,10. 44,9}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, one of these held among the royal thanes in the county, as is the third at Hillmorton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 44,5}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. It is possible that he is also the Viking at Ashendon in Buckinghamshire, roughly the same distance from Barcheston as Barcheston is from Hillmorton; but there are no links to confirm this.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 VIKING <OF BURGATE>. Viking}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  who shared fifteen acres worth three shillings with eight other free men at Burgate in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 7,108}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 is possibly the same man as}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Viking }{\insrsid12807907 at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Helmingham, }{
\insrsid12807907 seventeen miles to the south; but his holding is tiny and there are no links to confirm an identification}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VIKING <OF DULLINGHAM>. }{\insrsid12807907 Viking, a man of Earl Harold recorded in the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3807388 Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis}{\insrsid12807907 
 (ed. Hamilton, p. 18) on a hide in Dullingham in Cambridgeshire acquired by Count Alan of Brittany}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 14,75}}}{\insrsid12807907 , has no links with his namesakes.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VIKING <OF HELMINGHAM>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare in the region, the Vikings whose manors at Helmingham and Stonham in Suffolk were acquired by Bishop Odo of Bayeux are probably one man}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUF 16,22;26}}}{\insrsid12807907 . The manors are roughly half-a-dozen miles apart, and fairly prosperous for
 a free man. Less certainly, he may be the Viking on a small holding at Burgate, seventeen miles to the north, the one other Viking in East Anglia.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VIKING <OF WHIPTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is uncommon and the tenurial link robust, the eleven Vikings in Devon are probably one man. All his manors devolved upon William the goat}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid3807388 19,8-9;22;26;38;45}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Ralph of Pomeroy}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3807388 34,12;29-30;52;56}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, who were very probably brothers and certainly related and who shared some tenants and predecessors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 19 William note}}}{\insrsid12807907 .
 With two exceptions - one of William's and one of Ralph's - the manors clustered around the head of the River Exe, eight miles separating Clyst St George and Exminster in the south from Huxham in the north. Some of Ralph's manors are roughly a mile from 
those of William: Whipton and Heavitree}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 19,38. 34,56}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; Matford and Peamore}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 19,9. 34,12}}}{\insrsid12807907 . There are no other Vikings within 130 miles.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \cbpat8 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VILGRIP}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid2454779 .}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
 Vilgrip is a rare name which occurs four times, five if the }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid5856280 Vithgrip}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
 - the only such form in Domesday - at Ingestre in Staffordshire is, as seems likely, a scribal error for Vilgrip. The names are distributed among three counties and the lands of four tenants-in-chief, all borne by natives, }{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 one }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 of whom }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 surviv}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 ed until 1086.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VILGRIP <OF }{\insrsid12807907 EATON}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 
As the name is rare, the Vilgrips of Shropshire and Staffordshire may be one man, though his manors were acquired by three tenants-in-chief. Robert of Stafford, who acquired Church Eaton in Staffordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 11,65}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 from Vilgrip, also obtained Ingestre}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 11,32}}}{\insrsid12807907  from a Vithgrip (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5856280 Widegrip}{\insrsid12807907 ). As Vilgrip is rare and Vithgrip unique, a scribal err
or may reasonably be suspected. The two Staffordshire manors are roughly as far apart - a dozen miles - as Church Eaton is from Kynnersley in Shropshire, acquired by Gerard of Tournai; Wytheford, which devolved upon Reginald the sheriff, is seven miles fr
om Kynnersley}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,3,4. 4,23,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 . The four manors are of similarly modest status. The one other Vilgrip in Domesday is 170 miles away.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VILGRIP <OF FLOWTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 Vilgrip, who shared a ploughteam with another free man at Flowton in Suffolk acquired by Roger of Auberville}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7019183 SUF 29,4}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , has no links with his namesakes. He may have survived on his holding until 1086, though the text is ambiguous. He is not included in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VITALIS. }{\insrsid12807907 Vitalis is a fairly common name which occurs almost th
ree dozen times in Domesday Book and satellite texts, distributed among twelve counties and the lands of the king and fourteen of his tenants-in-chief. There are few clusters, none large, though the bulk of the names occur south of the Thames, for the mos
t part in the south-west, where all eight manors held by a Vitalis before 1066 are located.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VITALIS <OF HILDERSTONE>. }{\insrsid12807907 Vitalis, who held land worth ten shillings at }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15351782 Hilderstone}{\insrsid12807907  in Staffordshire from Robert of Stafford}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
STS 11,27}}}{\insrsid12807907 , has no links with his namesakes. The impression that he was a minor landowner is reinforced by the difficulties experienced by his son in maintaining his hold on Hilderstone itself, documented by a charter of Stone priory}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid10043379  of 1136: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10043379 VCH Staffordshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10043379 , iv. 33}{\insrsid12807907 . The name does not recur in the six adjacent counties. His manor is}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 3614)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  443.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10034718 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907 VITHFARI <OF BOBBINGTON>. The three Vithfaris in Domesday Book (}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5578294 Wifare}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5578294 Wivar}{\insrsid12807907 
) may be one man, though his manors devolved upon three tenants-in-chief and have no specific links between them. The manors are, however, of comparable status and within a day's journey of each other. Ryton in Shropshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,17,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, acquired by Osbern son of Richard, is ten miles from Bobbington in Staffordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 11,43}}}{\insrsid12807907 , which is seventeen miles from Rushall in the same county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 12,26}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, these last two manors being acquired respectively by Robert of Stafford and William son of Ansculf, both held 'with full jurisdiction'.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \cbpat8 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid14243020 WADA. Wada is a rare }{\insrsid12807907 name which occurs six times, distributed among four counties betw
een Dorset and Nottinghamshire, on the lands of six tenants-in-chief, all borne by pre-Conquest landowners. Wado, Wadel, Wadilo and even Walo may be variant forms but have no tenurial or other links with Wada; the first three forms are occur only in the s
outh-western counties of circuit two, as do two Walos: von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2391064 Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 407-408.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WADA <OF BRAMPTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 
As the name is rare, the Wada whose land valued at five shillings and four pence in Old Brampton in Derbyshire was acquired by Walter of Aincourt}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 8,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, may be one of the two Nottinghamshire Wadas, though there are no links to confirm this.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WADA <OF HARWORTH>. }{\insrsid12807907 Wada, who preceded Roger of Bully on land worth \'a32 at Harworth in Nottinghamshire shared with two other landowners}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 9,55-56}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, may be the same man as the Derbyshire Wada, though probably not the Nottinghamshire Wada who preceded Gilbert of Ghent.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WADA <OF MUNSLEY>. }{\insrsid12807907 Wada, whose hide worth ten shillings at Munsley in Herefordshire was acquired by William son of Norman}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14243020 HEF 16,1}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , has no links with other Wadas, all remote.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WADA <OF OLLERTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 Wada, who preceded Gilbert of Ghent on a modestly endowed manor at Ollerton in Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 17,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is unlikel
y to be the same Wada as Roger of Bully's predecessor in the county. Both held land in 'Bassetlaw' wapentake, dominated by Roger, who was probably granted everything in the wapentake not previously allocated to other tenants-in-chief : Fleming, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14243020 Kings and lords}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 162-64. Gilbert had presumably acquired the land of his Wada before this grant, which implies that Roger's predecessor is a different man.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WADA [* SON OF AETHELGYTH *]. }{\insrsid12807907 
As the name is rare, the Wada who held the valuable manor of Corfe Mullen in Dorset acquired by Robert son of Gerald is probably the Wada at Petersham, a few miles to the north}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 30,1. 55a,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Von Feilitzen suggested he is the son of Aethelgyth named in a Dorset charter from the mid-1040s: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14243020 Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907 
, p. 407. He may be the Wada named in a writ of Edward the Confessor from the 1060s addressed to the authorities in Devon, possibly the sheriff of that county: Harmer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8013779 Writs}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 419, 529-31; Green, 
}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8013779 English sheriffs}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 22, note 113.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WADARD <OF COGGES>. }{\insrsid12807907 All Wadards in Domesday Book are very probably one man, here named from the barony held by his successors, the Arsic family: Sanders, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10043379 
English baronies}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 36-37. Despite his importance and the number of his manors distributed among six counties, he is never accorded a byname. He is the Wadard depicted on the Bayeux Tapestry, perhaps because he was one of t
he principal tenants of Odo of Bayeux, who influenced if he did not commission the Tapestry. Wadard appears to have lost his lands with the fall of the bishop; his manors in Lindsey were in the hands of Manasseh Arsic by the time of the }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid10317099 Lindsey Survey}{\insrsid12807907  (2/19. 7/20. 8/16. 9/10. 11/20. 15/8. 16/15).}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10043379 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 \tab With few exceptions, all Wadard's manors and their dependencies were held from Bishop }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10043379 Odo: in Kent}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10043379 KEN }{\insrsid12807907 
D8. 5,13-14;55;164-165}}}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10043379 Surrey}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUR 5,27}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10043379  }{\insrsid12807907 Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 4,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 , }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid10043379 Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 4,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Oxford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 7,6;14-15;21;24;27;29;32;37-38;41}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10043379 -43;46;48;65}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Warwickshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
WAR 4,3-4}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 4,2;7;9;23}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10043379 -}{\insrsid12807907 25;28-33;39-40;53;59-60}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10043379 ;74;81}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. The exceptions are parts of two of the manors of St Augustine's}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 7,19-20}}}{\insrsid12807907 , an abbey which accommodated several of Odo's
 tenants; a piece of woodland in the royal manor of Milton Regis}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 1,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, and a mill belonging to St Martin's of Dover, possibly against the will of the Canons and with the connivance of the bishop}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN P19}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Although he did not hold a single virgate as a tenant-in-chief, Wadard was among the two dozen wealthiest landowners of 1086. Reginald Wadard (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10043379 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
), probably his son, also held land from the bishop. Domesday Book gives the most complete account of Wadard's manors, not all of which can be traced among those of his successors. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 
recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 2995)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  444.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par WADO. Wado is an uncommon name, confined to the south-western counties of circuit two, where }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4016678 Exon}{\insrsid12807907 . occasionally represents the name as 
Wadel, possibly related to Wadilo, both forms also being confined to this area: }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 von Feilitzen, }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907 Pre-Conquest personal names}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 407-408. Wado is rare in the sense that it was probably borne by few individuals, perhaps as few as three. The different forms are }{\insrsid12807907 itemised under four head-names in the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12155143 
Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England}{\insrsid12807907 .}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14640049 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par WADO <OF ASHBRITTLE>. As the name is rare, the predecessors of the Count of Mortain at Ashbrittle in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 19,20}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Modbury, Torridge, Bolberry, Shilston and Honicknowle in Devon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid8982638 15,49-50;73;76;78}}}{\insrsid12807907  are probably the same Wado, and very likely the Wadel and Wadilo at Whiteleigh and Widey, adjacent to Honicknowle, where }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8982638 Exon}{\insrsid12807907 
. renders Wadel as Wado}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 28,16}}}{\insrsid12807907 . The six Devonshire manors are spaced along the coast between Plymouth Sound and Bolt Head. According to Domesday Book, the Count also had predecessors named Wadel at Patrieda}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
CON 5,1,18}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Walo at Trecan}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 5,2,30}}}{\insrsid12807907  in Cornwall who are possibly the same man. Trecan is near the coast, west of the Devonshire manors.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par WADO <OF BARFORD>. Wado, who held Barford St Martin's among the king's thanes of Wiltshire for two decades}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 67,81}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is the only survivor of this name. His manor is isolated from those of his namesakes, with whom he has no apparent links. He is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1727758 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 17195).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par WADO <OF BROADNYMETT>. As the name is rare, the predecessors of Baldwin the sheriff at Broadnymett, Walson and Greenslade in Devon are probably one man; the vills are within a few miles of each other}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 16,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8982638 
48;52;56}}}{\insrsid12807907 . In all three cases, the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8982638 Exon}{\insrsid12807907 . form of the name is Walo, one of several alternative forms which suggests he may be Baldwin's predecessor Wadel at Warson}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
DEV 16,10}}}{\insrsid12807907 , in which case he is likely to be the Wadel in the adjacent vill of Lydford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 34,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 .}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8982638 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WALBERT. Walbert is a}{\insrsid12807907  rare name which occurs }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 seven times, }{\insrsid12807907 distributed among two counties as tenants on }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
the lands of }{\insrsid12807907 three}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  tenants-in-chief.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par WALBERT <OF FULSTOW>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, the Walberts who held }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Fulstow, Wold Newton, and Ravendale in Lincolnshire }{\insrsid12807907 from}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the }{\insrsid12807907 
bishop of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Durham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 3,6-7;40}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 are very probably one man. The manors form a}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 fairly tight cluster}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and }{\insrsid12807907 were held by one man in the thirteenth century: }{\i\insrsid12807907 Book of Fees,}{\insrsid12807907  p. 159}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 
It seems unlikely he is the same man as the Staffordshire Walbert, whose nearest manor is a hundred miles away. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 8240)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  444}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 WALBERT <OF ORTON>. The Walberts who held Orton, Seisdon and Bradley in Staffordshire from William son of Ansculf}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 12,7;17;23}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 are probably one man, whose manors form a fairly close group}{\insrsid12807907 .}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  As the name is rare, he may also be the other Staffordshire Walbert, }{\insrsid12807907 a}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 tenant of Robert of Stafford at Dilhorne}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 11,41}}}{\insrsid12807907 , some thirty-five miles to the north}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907  William and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 Robert shared several other tenants. }{\insrsid12807907 It seems unlikely, however, that he is the same man as the Lincolnshire Walbert, a hundred miles away. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Walbert's manors are recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 12099) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 444.
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par WALERAN [* FATHER OF JOHN *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Waleran, named on the Essex fief of his son John, is evidently the Waleran whose annexations in Henny and Halstead are recorded}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5516782 ESS 90,46}{
\insrsid12807907 -47}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Henny being one of John's manors. He is probably also the Waleran who annexed a house in Colchester and arranged a payment of \'a320 from the mint}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 17,1. B6}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, subsequently pardoned by the king; his son had a significant presence in the town. His involvement with the mint implies an official role so he is possibly the one other Waleran in the county, annexing a Freeman on the royal manor of Lawford}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
ESS 1,27}}}{\insrsid12807907 , though the text implies - perhaps misleadingly - that this Waleran was still active. As an intermediate landowner}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , Waleran is not included in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  or the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Statistics}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  database.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par WALKELIN. If Bishop Walkelin of Winchester is excluded, Walkelin is an uncommon}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  name}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2513720 which }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 occurs }{\insrsid12807907 
on one fief and nineteen manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 , distributed among }{\insrsid12807907 seven}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  counties and the lands of the king and }{\insrsid12807907 four}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 
 of his tenants-in-chief}{\insrsid12807907 . It is rare in the sense that it was probably borne by no more than four individuals other than the bishop, all post-Conquest landowners.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1862932 {\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BISHOP W}{\insrsid12807907 [}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ALKELIN}{\insrsid12807907 ]}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Bishop W at Abington }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16337007 Pigotts}{\insrsid12807907 , on the fief of the bishop of Winchester in Cambridgeshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 2,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is Bishop Walkelin 
}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 of Winchester }{\insrsid12807907 (1070-1098). His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{
\insrsid12807907 (no. 836)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  445.

\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WALKELIN [* NEPHEW OF THE BISHOP OF WINCHESTER *]. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, it is likely that the Walkelin who held Tur Langton and Lubenham in Leicestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 2,1-3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, North Grimston in Yorkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 2B18}}}{\insrsid12807907  and North Witham and Billinghay and their dependencies in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 2,34-37;40-41}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 from the archbishop of York is the nephew of the bishop of Winchester, the archbishop's tenant at Bishops Norton in Gloucestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 2,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 . His manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 3687)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  445-46.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WALKELIN <OF ASLOCKTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, it is likely that the Walkelins who held Aslockton and Car Colston in Nottinghamshire from Walter of Aincourt}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 11,22-24}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are one man; the vills are three miles apart and both held by the same man before the Conquest. No other Walkelins held land in the county or on Walter's Honour. It has been suggested that Walkelin 
was the ancestor of the Croc family, though the family does not make an appearance until the thirteenth century: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5451494 Thurgarton cartulary}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. cxii-cxiii, 214-215, 233-34. Walkelin's manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 88)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  445.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1862932 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WALKELIN <OF }{\insrsid12807907 FAINTREE}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 
The Walkelin who held a very small fief in Shropshire from Earl Roger of Shrewsbury}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,16,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 has no links with his namesakes. He is the only Walkelin in the county or on the Honour of the earl. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid1862932 8830}{\insrsid12807907 )}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  445.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WALKELIN <OF }{\insrsid12807907 HARROWDEN}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 
The Walkelins who held a block of seven consecutive manors in Northamptonshire from the bishop of Coutances}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 4,5-11}}}{\insrsid12807907  are very probably one man; there is a marked tendency in the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Northamptonshire }{\insrsid12807907 folios for the fiefs to be arranged by tenants. Harrowden and Isham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 4,5-8}}}{\insrsid12807907  were held together in the Northamptonshire Survey, and Harrowden was held with Burton, Clipston and Edgcott}
{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NTH 4,5-7;9-11}}}{\insrsid12807907  in the thirteenth century, though they were apparently in other hands in the Survey: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1839393 VCH Northamptonshire}{\insrsid12807907 , i. 370, 382-83, 389; }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1839393 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 934; Farrer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1839393 Honors}{\insrsid12807907 
, ii. 324-27. The bishop's tenant is possibly the one other Walkelin in the county, a tenant of Robert of Tosny at Ashley}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 26,10}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, circled by Walkelin's other manors. Walkelin's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 3686)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  445.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WALO. }{\insrsid12807907 Walo is a rare name which occurs seven times, distributed among five counties between Cornwall an
d Yorkshire and the lands of as many tenants-in-chief. It is possibly a variant form of Wado, Wadel or Wadilo, though most Walos have a distinctive geographical or tenurial distribution: von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2391064 
Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 408-409.
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WALO <OF STAUNTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 Walo, who preceded William of Mohun on a modest manor at Staunton in Somerset valued at fifteen shillings}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 25,18}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has no links with Walo of Trecan, the one other pre-Conquest lord of this name. His name may be a variant of Wado, a pre-Conquest name which occurs only in the south-west: von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15149509 Pre-Conquest personal names}
{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 408-409. There are, however, no tenurial or other links with the Wados in the region.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WALO <OF TRECAN>. }{\insrsid12807907 Walo, who preceded the Count of Mortain on a modest manor at Trecan in Cornwall valued at ten shillings}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 5,2,30}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has no links with Walo of Staunton, the one other pre-Conquest lord of this name. His name may be a variant of Wado, a pre-Conquest name which occurs only in the south-west: von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15149509 
Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 408-409. If so, then he may be the Count's predecessor Wado of Ashbrittle, two of whose manors were subinfeudated to Reginald of Vautortes, who held Trecan from the count in 1086. As the relationship o
f Wado and Walo is uncertain, however, Walo is here treated as a separate individual.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WALO <OF }{\insrsid12807907 WILLINGHAM}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 All t
enants in 1086 named Walo may be one man, though his manors are distributed among three counties and as many tenant-in-chief. In each county, the Walos held from one tenant-in-chief so - as the name is rare - it is improbable there was more than one Walo 
per county.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 The Sussex Walo, subtenant of Walter son of Lambert on the fief of the Count of Eu}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 9,18;60}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is probably also the Lincolnshire Walo, tenant of Jocelyn son of Lambert}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 28,5-6;19}}}{\insrsid12807907 , given their association with a Lambert, itself an uncom
mon name. Walter and Jocelyn are the only sons of Lambert in Domesday. It is not known if they are the sons of the same Lambert; but it is likely they were related in some way, since the successors of Walter - the Scotney family - were established in both
 counties, though the Lincolnshire branch is post-Domesday, its manors descending separately: Sanders, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6621008 English baronies}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 74-75, 81-82; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6448996 VCH Sussex}{
\insrsid12807907 , ix. 79, 253, 278. The names Lambert and Walter recur among the descendants of this branch of the family: Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8073607 Domesday descendants}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 705-706. The tenant of Hugh son of Baldric in Yorkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 
{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 23N31-32}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 has no specific links with Lambert; but there are indirect associations between Hugh's Honour and the Scotney family, both having manors in Great Limber and Stainton-in-the-Vale in Lincolnshire, Stainton being the seat of the Scotney barony there: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8073607 Early Yorkshire charters}{\insrsid12807907 , vi. 165-67. The associations are slight and might be coincidental, but Walo's name is rare. The manors of the Sussex and Lincolnshire Walos }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 attributed to different men in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (nos. 2136, 3361)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{
\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  
446-47; the Yorkshire tenant is unidentified (no. 38110).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WAL}{\insrsid12807907 RAVEN}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Walraven is a rare name which occurs once in Bedfordshire and four times in Lincolnshire, all five men being pre-Conquest landowners.

\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WAL}{\insrsid12807907 RAVEN [* FATHER OF AGHMUND *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 
Walraven, whose two manors at Canwick in Lincolnshire were acquired respectively by the bishop of Lincoln and Norman the fat}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1783106 7,51. 33,2}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , is undoubtedly the father of Aghmund who had full jurisdiction and market rights in the city of Lincoln}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN C2-3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, both tenants in chief being predecessors of this Aghmund (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1783106 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
) and one or more of his brothers. It seems unlikely that he is the one other Walraven in Domesday Book, at Sewell in Bedfordshire, with whom he has no associations.
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WAL}{\insrsid12807907 RAVEN <OF SEWELL>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Walraven, Queen Edith's man, who held Sewell in Bedfordshire before the Conquest}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 1,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, seems unlikely to be the one other Domesday Walraven, the father of Aghmund, whose family interests appear to be confined to the northern counties.
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx6300\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907 WALTER}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid423351 . }{\insrsid12807907 Walter}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid423351  }{\insrsid12807907 
is one of the most common names in Domesday Book, occurring more than 750 times and in every Domesday county}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid423351 .}{\insrsid12807907  More than forty Walters}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid423351  }{\insrsid12807907 
have different bynames, sixteen of them tenants-in-chief, Walters}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid423351  }{\insrsid12807907 also occurring as tenants of almost one hundred other tenants-in-chief. No Walter}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid423351  }{\insrsid12807907 
appears in a pre-Conquest context.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid423351 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 [* WALTER BROTHER OF *] SIHERE. }{\insrsid12807907 Sihere, who appropriated land at Southill in Bedfordshire later acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8023757 Walter of Flanders}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8023757 
BDF 32,15}}}{\insrsid12807907 , may be Sihere brother of Walter, or possibly - since the scribe sometimes used the byname as a shorthand - Walter brother of Sihere, a nephew of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8023757 Walter of Flanders}{\insrsid12807907 
, who held the following fief and whose lands were later part of the Honour of Odell held by the descendants of Walter of Flanders: Farrer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8023757 Honors}{\insrsid12807907 
, i. 61. Sihere is nowhere else recorded as a predecessor of his brother or nephew, and the forename does not occur elsewhere in Domesday Book. Walter's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 458)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  456.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WALTER [* COCKERELL *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Walters who held Sezincourt and 'Icomb Proper' in Gloucestershire from Durand the sheriff}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 53,7-8}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are probably one man, his manors descending to }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4218922 the Cockerell family}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 53,7 Walter note}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4218922 . }{\insrsid12807907 Durand had no other tenants of this name. Walter}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid4218922  }{\insrsid12807907 is unidentified in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4218922  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4218922 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4218922  (nos. 29765-}{\insrsid12807907 66).
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WALTER [* DELAMARE *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Walters who held Rendcomb and Aylworth in Gloucestershire from Gilbert son of Turold}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 52,5-6}}}{\insrsid12807907  are prob
ably one man, his manors descending to }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4218922 the }{\insrsid12807907 Delamere}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4218922  family}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4218922 VCH Gloucestershire}{\insrsid12807907 , vi. 80}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid4218922 . }{\insrsid12807907 Gilbert had other tenants of this name, in Somerset, Worcestershire and Warwickshire, possibly a different Walter, of Maine. The Walter}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4218922  }{\insrsid12807907 
of Rendcomb and Aylworth is unidentified in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4218922  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4218922 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4218922  (nos. 297}{\insrsid12807907 5}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4218922 5-}{\insrsid12807907 56).
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WALTER [* OF AINCOURT *]. Walter}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held Horbling in Lincolnshire from the }{\insrsid12807907 archbishop}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  of York}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
LIN 2,33}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  is }{\insrsid12807907 very }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 probably Walter of Ai}{\insrsid12807907 ncourt, who held Billingborough - half a mile away -}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 from}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 the }{\insrsid12807907 archbishop,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  both }{\insrsid12807907 manors being }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 held by Thorkil the Dane before 1066. }{
\insrsid12807907 The archbishop had no other Walters on his Honour. Walter was a tenant-in-chief in Lincolnshire and in four other counties. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 160)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  448.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WALTER [* OF BEAUMAIS *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Walter, who held Sawtry in Huntingdonshire from Eustace the sheriff}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HUN 19,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is probably Walter of Beaumais (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9199517 de}{\insrsid12807907  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9199517 Belmeis}{\insrsid12807907 ), named in
 a writ of William Rufus as forcefully detaining a half-hide in the vill belonging to the abbey of Ramsey, once held }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16192769 by Alwin the reeve}{\insrsid12807907  and later by his}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16192769  wife}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
HUN 29,6}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16192769 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16192769 Chronicon abbatiae Rameseiensis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16192769 , i. 208; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16192769 Regesta}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16192769 ,}{
\insrsid12807907  i. no. 322. He is probably also the Walter who held Papworth in Cambridgeshire }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16192769 from Eustace}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 3,1;3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16192769 , named }{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid16192769 Walter }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid16192769 de}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid16192769  }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid16192769 Helmes}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid16192769  in the }{
\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid16192769 Inquisitio Eliensis}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid16192769  (Hamilton, p. 111), perhaps a misreading of the initial letter. }{\insrsid12807907 Dr Keats-Rohan suggests he was}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid16192769 
 from Beaumais }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16192769 in Upper Normandy }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid16192769 (Seine-Maritime: arrondissement Rouen), }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 and that he is }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid16192769 possibly the }{
\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid16192769 Gauterius}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid16192769  }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid16192769 de Belmes}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid16192769  who held land in the d\'e9partement before 1066. His}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid16192769  }{\insrsid12807907 Cambridgeshire }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16192769 manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16192769 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16192769  (no. }{\insrsid12807907 1704}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid16192769 )}{\insrsid12807907  and referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16192769  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16192769 Domesday}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{
\insrsid12807907  448, with the addition of Chicksands in Bedfordshire; Sawtry is assigned to Walter the monk.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WALTER [* OF CAEN *]. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Walter of Caen, }{\insrsid12807907 alias }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Walter of Huntingfield}{\insrsid12807907 , alias}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 Walter son of Aubrey}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is }{\insrsid12807907 identified}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 the foundation charter of Eye priory, where Roger of Huntingfield grants the tithes of Huntingfield, Linstead and Bing to the priory, witnessed by Roger son of Walter of Huntingfield: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Eye priory cartulary}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , i. 13. }{\insrsid12807907 In Domesday Book, Huntingfield is held by Walter son of Aubrey and Bing by Walter of Caen}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 6,80;245}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, the Walter at Linstead evidently being the same man}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 6,81-82}}}{\insrsid12807907 . As Walter son of Aubrey, Walter held three manors in Cambridgeshire from Walter Giffard}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 17,4-6}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, but otherwise his manors were held from Robert Malet, all but one of them in East Anglia, where he is readily identifiable as W of Caen on several manors in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 6,93;162;165;169-170}}}{\insrsid12807907 , or at Loud
ham as W son of Aubrey}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 6,189}}}{\insrsid12807907 , a vill in which he also held as Walter of Caen}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4748576 6,247}}}{\insrsid12807907 , or on four other manors in the county as Walter son of Aubrey}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUF 6,2;32;183;292}}}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par \tab Elsewhere, the descent of his manors identifies him as the Walter who held Colne Engaine in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 44,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; Thelveton, Semere and Woodton in Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 7,13;15}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Great Glemham in Suffolk
}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUF 6,45}}}{\insrsid12807907  from Robert Malet: Round, 'Early sheriffs of Norfolk', pp. 491-92; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3426953 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 1327-28; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8935086 Eye priory cartulary}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid8935086 , }{\insrsid12807907 i}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8935086 i. }{\insrsid12807907 67, 70. He is 'also' Robert's one other Walter in Suffolk, at Cransford, three miles from the following manor of Great Glemham}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUF 6,44}}}{\insrsid12807907 . In Norfolk, where he held Kilverstone, he is perhaps the Walter on the two following manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 7,3-5}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, and possibly at Burston and Roydon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 7,8;12}}}{\insrsid12807907 , as suggested by Dr Keats-Rohan. He may be the same man as William of Caen (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8276232 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ). Walter's manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 554)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  449, apart }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6913584 from }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid6913584 Shotesham}{
\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 
\tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 NFK 7,5}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid6913584 , allocated to Walter the bowman, perhaps confusing Shotesham with Shottisham in Suffolk, held by the bowman}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 SUF 6,238}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
; he is also allocated Framlingham}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 SUF 6,264}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 , more probably held by William of Caen, if he is another man and not a scribal error (}{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8276232 q.v.}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907 )}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6913584 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 WALTER [* OF DOUAI *]. Walter, who held the valuable manor of Castle Cary in Somerset }{\insrsid12807907 on the fief of Walter of Douai}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 24,17}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, has been identified as Walter of Bainton (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 de badentona}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ), }{\insrsid12807907 named in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  the Geld Roll for }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14234086 Braunton}{
\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Hundred: Tengvik, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Old English Bynames}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 37; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 VCH Somerset}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, i. 535. This is }{\insrsid12807907 almost certainly }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 an error. }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Badentona}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 is surely Bampton i}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
n Devon}{\insrsid12807907 , not Bainton in Oxfordshire or Yorkshire, and Walter is the tenant-in-chief himself, not an imaginary tenant, as the form of the Domesday entry clearly indicates. Bampton is one of the two seats }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 from which }{\insrsid12807907 the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Honour took its name, }{\insrsid12807907 the other}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 being}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 Castle Cary: Sanders, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 English baronies}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 5, 27-28. Such aliases }{\insrsid12807907 from a vill in the local area concerned }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 are }{\insrsid12807907 
not un}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 common in the Domesday texts. Walter of Douai's manors, including }{\insrsid12807907 Bampton and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Castle Cary, are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 629) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 450-51.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WALTER [* OF GRANDCOURT *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Walters who held Harpley, Fulmodeston, Croxton and Burnham Thorpe in Norfolk from William of Warenne}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 8,30;103-105}}}{\insrsid12807907  are probably}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 Walter of Grandcourt, Warenne's tenant at Carlton and Weston Colville in Cambridgeshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 18,1;4}}}{\insrsid12807907 : }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15349532 Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis}{\insrsid12807907 
 (ed. Hamilton, p. 23). His Norfolk manors are identified by grants by himself or his heirs of land and tithes in those vills to the Warenne foundation of Lewes priory: Farrer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15349532 Honors}{\insrsid12807907 
, iii. 389-92, 437. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 649)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{
\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  451-52.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WALTER [* OF MAINE *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Walter, who held Ubley and 'also' Ston Easton in Somerset from Gilbert son of Turold}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 42,2-3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is almost certainly Walter of Maine, named in the Geld Roll for Chewton Hundred where both manors lay: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2047648 VCH Somerset}{\insrsid12807907 , i. 530-31. Dr Keats-Rohan suggests he is Gil
bert's son-in-law, who held Hadzor in Worcestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WOR 20,6}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; and it is possible he is the Walter who held}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 Stretton, Gilbert's one manor in Warwickshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2047648 WAR 33,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , of comparable status; but his forename is common. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 912)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  447; the tenant at Stretton is unidentified (no. 28542).}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2047648 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WALTER [* OF P}{\insrsid12807907 AIL}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 TON *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Walter, who held Ullesthorpe in Leicestershire from Geoffrey of la Guerche}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 29,5}}}{\insrsid12807907 , may be the }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11105008 Walterius de Pallentuna}{\insrsid12807907  who witnessed Geoffrey's foundation charter of 1077 for Monks Kirby priory in Warwickshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Monasticon}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , vi/ii. 996, no. 1}{\insrsid12807907 . He is the only Walter among Geoffrey's tenants. Dr Keats-Rohan suggests that }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11105008 Pallentuna}{\insrsid12807907 
 is Pillerton in Warwickshire, which has no tenurial associations with either Geoffrey or Walter; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11105008 Pallentuna}{\insrsid12807907  is more probably Pailton, a hamlet in Monks Kirby parish (Ekwall, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5918460 Dictionary of English }{\i\insrsid12807907 p}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5918460 lace-}{\i\insrsid12807907 n}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5918460 ames}{\insrsid12807907 
, p. 356). Pailton is not named in Domesday Book but Geoffrey held the vill of Monks Kirby. Walter's manor is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
 }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 10224)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 458.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WALTER [* OF RICARVILLE *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Walters who held Easthall and 'Beverington' in Sussex from the Count of Mortain}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 10,4-5}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and Bevendean in Sussex}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUS 12,18}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Roding in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 22,8}}}{\insrsid12807907  from William of Warenne, are probably the same man since land in those vills descended to the Folkington family, named from another manor of the Count of Mortain}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUS 10,42}}}{\insrsid12807907 : Farrer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12603715 Honors}{\insrsid12807907 , iii. 353-55. He may also be the tenant of the archbishop of Canterbury at South Malling in Pevensey Rape}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 2,1e}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, where the family later held a fee from the archbishopric: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12603715 Red Book}{\insrsid12807907 , ii. 473, 556, in which case he is likely to be Walter of Ricarvil
le, listed as a knight of the archbishop in a document slightly later than Domesday Book: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12603715 Domesday Monachorum}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 41-42, 105. In a document of }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12603715 circa}{
\insrsid12807907  1095, the Count of Mortain complained that Walter of Ricarville had wrongfully seized certain lands, among them Withyham in Hartfield, when he was sheriff of the Honour of Pevensey: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12603715 
Calendar of documents}{\i\insrsid12807907 :}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12603715  France}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 434-35. Hartfield was another manor held from the Count by a Walter in 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 10,60}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, so it is not unlikely the Count's tenant on the other m
anors is his sheriff, who was also the tenant of the archbishop and William of Warenne. As sheriff of Pevensey Rape, he is probably the Walter who held burgesses in Pevensey itself and perhaps the Count's tenant elsewhere in the Rape}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUS 10,1;24;55;58;74}}}{\insrsid12807907 . He was probably from Ricarville-du-Val in Upper Normandy (Seine-Maritime: arrondissement Dieppe): Loyd, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1391730 Some Anglo-Norman families}{\insrsid12807907 
, p. 86. He is perhaps Walter the sheriff addressed in one of the forged Battle abbey charters, though this is disputed: Bates, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3696535 Regesta}{\insrsid12807907 , no. 19, pp. 147-50. His manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907 
 453, 458-59, where Malling and Hartfield are assigned to Walter of Ricarville (no. 2154) and the remainder to Walter, ancestor of the Folkington family
 (no. 1839), apart from 'Sidnor', whose tenant is unidentified (no. 16042); a note suggests Walter of Ricarville may also be ancestor of the Folkington family. He is also identified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9308610 Coel}{\insrsid12807907 
 as the Count's tenant in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 12,32;37}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 18,82-83}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; the Northamptonshire Survey throws no light on the identity of the Count's tenant in that county: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9463235 VCH Northamptonshire}{\insrsid12807907 , i. 377, 381.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WALTER [* OF RIVERS *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Walter, son-in-law of Hugh son of Baldric, who held Marden in Wiltshire from him}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 51,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is named Walter of Rivers in the Geld Roll for the Swanborough Hundred where Marden lay, which records that Walter of Rivers owed tax on five hides, 'which Hugh gave to his daughter': }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1134706 VCH Wiltshire}{\insrsid12807907 
, ii. 185. Walter was also a tenant of Abingdon abbey at Beedon and Benham in Berkshire, the abbey's chronicle recording that he died leaving a 'ver
y young son', whose guardianship was obtained by his wicked uncle Jocelyn, who tried with some success to disinherit him. The chronicle also reveals that Walter had originally held Benham from Humphrey of Bohun, a famous name otherwise recorded in Domesda
y Book only as a }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1134706 tenant-in-chief on a single manor in Norfolk: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1134706 Historia Ecclesie Abbendonensis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1134706 , ii. }{\insrsid12807907 30-31, 156-59, 188-89; }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 Regesta}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1604828 , }{\insrsid12807907 ii. no. 956}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1134706 .}{\insrsid12807907  Neither Abingdon, Hugh or Humphrey had other tenants named Walter. His manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 286)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  453, where the commentary mistakenly states that he was a tenant-in-chief in Hampshire.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WALTER [* OF `SPAIN' *]. The Walter}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held Woolmersdon, Goathurst and Hillfarrance in Somerset from Alfred 'of Spain'}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 35,1;19;22}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  probably Walter 'of Spain'}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  named in the }{\insrsid12807907 
Geld Roll for North Petherton Hundred where Woolmersdon lay,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and described as Alfred's brother in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6717044 Exon.}{\insrsid12807907  for the Goathurst entry}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 : 
}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VCH Somerset}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , i. 533. Alfred had no other tenants of this name }{\insrsid12807907 on his Honour}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Walter}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  was from Epaignes in }{\insrsid12807907 Upper }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Normandy (Eure: arrondissement Pont-Audemer}{\insrsid12807907 )}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 : Loyd, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1391730 Some Anglo-Norman families}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , pp. 51-52. }{\insrsid12807907 His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 1988)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 452}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WALTER [* OF VERNON *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Walter, who held the substantial manor of Churchill in Oxfordshire from Earl Hugh of Chester}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 15,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 , can be identified 'with c
ertainty' as Walter of Vernon, the earl's tenant on four manors in Cheshire, by the descent of Churchill: Farrer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9594739 Honors}{\insrsid12807907 
, iii. 248-50, 276-79. He may also be the Walter who held part of Earl Hugh's great manor of Eastham in the Wirral along with several other of the earl's major tenants}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 1,22}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Eastham is circled by Walter's Cheshire manors, and Earl Hugh had no other tenants of this name. Walter was a tenant-in-chief in Buckinghamshire. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 762)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  454, where the commentary mistakenly states he was a tenant of the earl in Staffordshire, where Earl Hugh held no land.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3355831 WALTER [* SON OF LAMBERT *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Walter, who held Crowhurst in Sussex from Battle abbey}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 8,13}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is identified in the abbey's chronicle as Walter son of Lambert, the tenant of the Count of Eu in the same vill: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3355831 Chronicle of Battle abbey}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3355831 , pp. 48-49}{\insrsid12807907 
. Walter held several other manors from the Count where his byname is recorded, and it seems likely he is the Walter who held seven consecutive manors which followed on from one of these, at Ripe}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 9,74-81}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and prob
ably also the Walter at Filsham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 9,14}}}{\insrsid12807907 , three miles from Crowhurst, and perhaps at Playden}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 9,109}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, the one other Walter on the Count's Honour. Count Robert's son and successor had one tenant named Walter, at Streatley in Bedfordshire, conceivably the same man; its descent has not been traced: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11367767 VCH }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8530960 Bedfordshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8530960 , ii. 383, note 57. }{\insrsid12807907 Walter was the ancestor of the Scotney family, who held nine fees of the Honour: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8530960 VCH Sussex}{
\insrsid12807907 , ix. 253, 278; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8530960 Calendar of Inquisitions Miscellaneous}{\insrsid12807907 , ii. no. 405, p. 102. His}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8530960  manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8530960 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid8530960  (no. 545) and referenced in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  455.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WALTER [* THE BOWMAN *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Walter, who held Thrandeston and 'also' Broom in Suffolk from Robert Malet}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 6,202-204}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid9381669  is probably Walter the bowman, who gave his tithes at }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9381669 Gosewolde}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9381669  in Thrandeston to the Malet foundation of Eye priory: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9381669 Eye priory cartulary}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9381669 , i}{\insrsid12807907 . 12}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9381669 ; ii. 71-72.}{\insrsid12807907  The bowman 
was Robert's tenant on other manors in the county, a tenant-in-chief in Gloucestershire, and the custodian of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 royal lands in Wales. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 
recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 101)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  447.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WALTER [* THE BUTLER *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Walters who Honeychurch, Nymet Rowland, Leigh, Beere, Bramford and Cheldon in Devon from Baldwin the sheriff may be his butler}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid7956544 16,27;45-47;123;147}}}{\insrsid12807907 , who owed tax in the Geld Roll for Wonford Hundred where Bramford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 16,123}}}{\insrsid12807907  lay: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7956544 Devonshire Domesday}{\insrsid12807907 , i. pp. xlvii-viii. Nymet was held with Leigh and Beere by Walter of Nymet in the 1240s, and Bramford, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7956544 alias}{\insrsid12807907 
 Rollstone, with Nymet and Beere by the Wolrington family early in the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16082011 following century: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16082011 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16082011 , p. 783; }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16082011 Feudal Aids}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16082011 , i. 314, 370. Honeychurch and Cheldon do}{\insrsid12807907  not appear to have later associations, though it may be relevant that a William of Leigh shared Honeychurch: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7956544 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 784; see also Mason, 'Barons and their officials, pp. 246-47. Cheldon is five miles from Nymet. Baldwin had no other tenants of this name. Walter's manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 1733)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  457, apart from Cheldon, whose tenant is unidentified (no. 11552).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WALTER [* THE MONK *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Walters who held }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12209 Hinwick }{\insrsid12807907 and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12209 Wymington }{\insrsid12807907 
in Bedfordshire from William Speke}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 25,5-6}}}{\insrsid12807907  are identified by the descent of those manors as Walter the monk, tenant of Azelina, wife of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid739013 Ralph Tallboys, at Old Warden}{
\insrsid12807907  in Bedfordshire and at Tadlow in Cambridgeshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid739013 : Farrer, 'The Honour of Old Warden', pp. 22-25. }{\insrsid12807907 Walter}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid739013  may}{\insrsid12807907 
 also have held Chicksands from her}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 55,12}}}{\insrsid12807907 , since her eight tenants are unlikely to include two Walters whose manors are four miles apart. Walter's manors of Wardon and Tadlow }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 
(no. 370), together with Sawtry in Huntingdonshire, here assigned to Walter of Beaumais; the references}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 457, include Chicksands, though this is assigned to Walter of Beaumais in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5308963 Coel}{\insrsid12807907 ; the tenants of William Speke are unidentified (nos. 344-345).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WALTER [* THUNDER *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Walter, who held Loders in Dorset from the wife of Hugh son of Grip}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 55,24}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is probably Walter Thunder, her tenant at Turners Puddle, Swanage and 'Thorne' according to }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6367037 Exon}{\insrsid12807907 .}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 55,16;42;44}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, since Loders was later held by Egidius }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5181854 Tonere}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5181854 Feudal Aids}{\insrsid12807907 , ii. 11. Hugh's wife had no other Walters among her tenants. Walter's manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 1740)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  458.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 WALTHEOF. Waltheof is }{\insrsid12807907 a rare name in the sense that although it occurs}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  more than a hundred times}{\insrsid12807907  it is almost certainly borne by }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 few individuals. Outside Yorkshire, Waltheof is identified as the earl in all but ten cases; von Feilitzen stated that these, too, }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  the earl: }{
\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 403 note 1. The}{\insrsid12807907 ir}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  distribution and character of the holdings suggest that this }{\insrsid12807907 
may be so}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  in most but not all }{\insrsid12807907 cases}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 [* EARL *] WALTHEOF. }{\insrsid12807907 The majority of unidentified Waltheofs occur in Yorkshire. Since it was part of his earldom, the presumption is that most if not all of thes
e Waltheofs are the earl, who is accorded his title only once, at Hallam}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16519998 YKS 10}{\insrsid12807907 W}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16519998 41}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. The remaining manors devolved upon the Count of Mortain}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16519998 YKS C27}{\insrsid12807907 . }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11484043 5N24}{\insrsid12807907 ;36;43-46;55;62;65;72;75-76. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11484043 5}{
\insrsid12807907 E60;62-67. 5W38}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and were probably therefore held by one man, who can scarcely be other than the earl. Hallam, south of the Humber and remote from the other Yorkshire manors, formed part of the huge territorial block in south Yorkshire and north Nottinghamshire held by R
oger of Bully. Although described as part of his fief, Roger was actually a tenant of Countess Judith, Waltheof's wife, so the careful recording of the earl's title may have been designed to underline her lordship there.
\par \tab Outside Yorkshire, the Waltheofs at Weston and Boughton in Huntingdonshire are shown to be the earl by the Claims and by his association with his wife Judith and with his predecessor in the earldom, Earl Tosti}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HUN 19,27;31. D3;11}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , while the overlord at Waterbeach in Cambridgeshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16519998 CAM 40,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 is probably also the earl, the county being the part of his earldom in which he had the most significant presence: Stenton, 'Domesday survey of Huntingdonshire', p. 334. He may also have held }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8348065 Osmaston }{
\insrsid12807907 in Derbyshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 6,58}}}{\insrsid12807907 . The manor was}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8348065  }{\insrsid12807907 shared with an Aelgeat; b}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8348065 
ut 'sharing' is a scribal device for aggregating pre-Conquest holdings merged }{\insrsid12807907 after}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8348065  1066. }{\insrsid12807907 The earl had two manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8348065 within th}{\insrsid12807907 
ree miles of Osmaston, a}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8348065 ll three devolv}{\insrsid12807907 ing}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8348065  upon the same tenant-in-chief}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8348065  subinfeudated to the same tenant, }{
\insrsid12807907 suggesting}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8348065  a single predecessor. }{\insrsid12807907 The remaining}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 Waltheofs are probably two other men.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16519998 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 \tab Waltheof was the s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8348065 on of Earl Siward of Northumbria and husband of Countess Judith, niece of the Conqueror; }{\insrsid12807907 
he was earl of Huntingdonshire and Northamptonshire and other counties, probably in succession to Earl Tosti: Baxter, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10957888 Earls of Mercia}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 302-308. After the Conquest, he was earl of Northumbria (1072-1076). He was }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8348065 executed for treason in 1076}{\insrsid12807907 . }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 A list of }{\insrsid12807907 his }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 manor}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11564255 English nobility}{\i\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907 pp.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  }{
\insrsid12807907 221-25}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 , }{\insrsid12807907 which}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  }{\insrsid12807907 does not include Weston in Huntingdonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HUN 19,27. D11}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 or Bozeat in Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 56,39}}}{\insrsid12807907 , but adds Daventry}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16519998 NTH 56,21}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, where no pre-Conquest lord is named. Waltheof is ranked thirty-sixth in wealth among the nobility by Dr Clarke, a ranking unaffected by these differences.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WALTHEOF <OF CHALFIELD>. }{\insrsid12807907 Waltheof, who held a modestly prosperous manor at Chalfield in Wiltshire acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15364510 Arnulf of Hesdin}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 25,8}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is the only man of his name in the south-west. As every other Waltheof w
ho did not survive until 1086 can be identified as Earl Waltheof, it is possible that he, too, is the earl; but the earl held nothing else south of the Thames before 1066, his closest manor to Chalfield is over a hundred miles away, and he has no tenurial
 or other links with this Waltheof, who is accordingly treated as another man.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WALTHEOF <OF HILLMORTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 The four Waltheofs recorded in Warwickshire are clearly one man. All four occur on the fief of the Count of Meulan, three of them in Hillmorton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 16,35-37}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , where two held their land in both 1066 and 1086, as did the Waltheof at Shilton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 16,45}}}{\insrsid12807907 . His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 4752)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  446.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid262447 WARENGAR }{\insrsid12807907 <OF HEDINGHAM>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid262447 . }{\insrsid12807907 All
 Warengars in Domesday Book may be the same man. The Warengars who held two dozen manors in Essex and East Anglia are probably one man, despite holding them from four tenants-in-chief. Warengar's one tenancy from Count Alan of Brittany was at Stonham in S
uffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 
\tab SUF 3,59}}}{\insrsid12807907 , where he also had a manor from Roger Bigot}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 7,64}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; while his manors on the fief of the bishop of Bayeux}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 16,12;16-17;38-39}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 were held as Roger Bigot's subtenant. He was also Roger's tenant in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 43,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1986013 9,199;202}}}{
\insrsid12807907  and Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1986013 7,63-68}}}{\insrsid12807907 , his remaining manors - held from Roger of Rames - having several links to these. At Hedingham in Essex he was a tenant of both Rogers}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
ESS 39,3. 43,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and Roger of Rames had claims on the Bigot manors of Stonham, Hemingstone and 'Olden'}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 7,64;68. 16,16}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, the latter involving the bishop of Bayeux. In addition to his Essex manor, Warengar held four others in Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 1,226. 43,1-3}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and Higham in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 38,21}}}{\insrsid12807907 , from Roger of
 Rames. He had held Coddenham from him - where he also had a manor from Roger Bigot}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 7,67}}}{\insrsid12807907  - but Roger of Rames dispossessed him}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 38,5}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. An entry for Hemingstone in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4145467 SUF 7,68}}}{\insrsid12807907  explicitly states that Warengar was a tenant of both Roger of
 Rames and Roger Bigot, a situation which appears to have arisen - like many other disputes involving these tenants-in-chief - in the wake of the forfeiture of Earl Ralph Wader, Warengar's lord}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 3,59}}}{\insrsid12807907 : Williams, 'Meet the }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4145467 antecessores}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5600767 ', }{\insrsid12807907 282-84. Dr Keats-Rohan suggests that the one other Warengar in Domesday, at Manston in Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 40,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, may be the same man, which is possible in view of the rarity of the name and the status of the manor - comparable to Hedingham - but unverifiable. Warengar's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 813)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  459-60.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid262447 
\par 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7678963 WARIN. Warin is }{\insrsid12807907 a }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7678963 fairly common}{\insrsid12807907  name which occurs }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7678963 sixty times}{\insrsid12807907 
 in Domesday Book or satellite texts, distributed among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7678963  }{\insrsid12807907 fifteen}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7678963  counties and the lands of }{\insrsid12807907 the king and twenty-three of his}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid7678963  tenants-in-chief, all 1086 landowners and all tenants apart from one serjeanty in Wiltshire. There are small clusters in East Anglia and Sussex, a light scattering in the Midlands, and rare occurrences north of the Wash.}
{\insrsid12807907 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid262447 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par WARIN [* }{\insrsid12807907 "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 MALICORNE}{\insrsid12807907 "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  *]. The Warin}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held land }{\insrsid12807907 at }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Compton in Warwickshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 22,17}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 and in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the adjacent vills of Blymhill and Brineton in Staffordshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
STS 11,55-56}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  from Robert of Stafford }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 probably}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Warin }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10901354 Malicorne}{
\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who witnessed }{\insrsid12807907 a Stafford}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  charter for Evesham }{\insrsid12807907 abbey}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  two years after the Domesday Inquest: }{
\i\insrsid12807907 Staffordshire chartulary}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , pp. 182-84. Blymhill and Brineton were held by one man in the mid-thirteenth century, Compton by another}{\insrsid12807907 
; but as the name is not particularly common, it is unlikely this was the case in 1086: }{\i\insrsid12807907 Book of Fees,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  pp. 507, 543}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  956, 967}{\insrsid12807907 
. Robert had no other tenants of this name. Warin's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 3616)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 460, where he is described as Robert's tenant in both counties though the Warwickshire manor is assigned to}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 another man, a tenant of the Count of Meulan (no. 8994).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx360\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WARIN <OF EYTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 The Warins who held Eyton, Bratton and Horton in Shropshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SHR 4,14,18-20}}}{\insrsid12807907  from William Pantolf as a subtenant of Earl Roger of Shrewsbury, are probably one man, the Eyton family later having interests in all three vills; Eyton suggested that Wari
n was the ancestor of that family, a cadet branch of the Pantolfs, whose arms they quartered: Eyton, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7370794 Antiquities of Shropshire}{\insrsid12807907 , viii. 26-27,36-40; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16318481 VCH Shropshir}
{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15866334 e}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15866334 , xi. 129, 257.}{\insrsid12807907  Earl Roger had tenants or subtenants named Warin in Sussex who may be the same 
man in most if not all cases, other of the earl's tenants holding land in both counties. The descent of the three subtenancies is untraceable}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 11,40;53;87}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and where the tenancies are traced they were later in the hands of different families}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 6,1. 11,45;65;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16318481 94}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4944134 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4944134 
VCH Sussex}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4944134 , iv. 171, 204}{\insrsid12807907 ; Farrer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14167298 Honors}{\insrsid12807907 , iii. 35, 49, 55, 70}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4944134 .}{\insrsid12807907 
 But as the name is not particularly common, it is improbable that the earl had several tenants or subtenants}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4944134  in Sussex, }{\insrsid12807907 and another two in Shropshire (if the deceased Wari
n the bald is included). There are no other Warins in Shropshire, and two among the other four Sussex Rapes. Warin's manors in Shropshire and Sussex }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 8899)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  461.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WARIN [* OF FAVARCIS *]. The Warin}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who }{\insrsid12807907 held 
}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Sugworth and Charney Bassett in Berkshire and Hill in Warwickshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BRK 7,11;41. }{\insrsid12807907 WAR 7,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  from the }{
\insrsid12807907 abbey of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Abingdon may be Warin of Favarcis}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who witnessed deeds of the abbey, described elsewhere as Warin the bald: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Historia Ecclesie Abbendonensis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , i}{\insrsid12807907 i.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 126-27, 146, 150-51, 212-13, 228-29, 322-23, 381, 384, 386. Within a generation, Sugworth and Hill were in different hands (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 op. cit}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . i}{\insrsid12807907 i.}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  202-203, 324-25, 387) so their descent throws no light on the identity of the Domesday tenant. Hill was granted to the abbey by Thorkil of Warwick, who also had a tenant named Warin}{\insrsid12807907  at}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Wormleighton, conceivably the same man. }{\insrsid12807907 Warin's tenancies from the abbey }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 1585)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  460.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WARIN <OF WORMLEIGHTON>. The Warin}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held Lillington and Wormleighton in Warwickshire from the Count of Meulan and Thorkil of Warwick}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 16,50. 17,61}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , whose fiefs are to some extent related, may be }{\insrsid12807907 one}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 man, though the manors were held by different families in the thirteenth century: }{
\i\insrsid12807907 Book of Fees,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  pp. 507-508}{\insrsid12807907 , 955, 958}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Thorkil had previously held Hill}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 7,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
, whose tenant has been identified as Warin of Favarcis, conceivably the same man. }{\insrsid12807907 Warin's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 8994)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  461, where}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Little Compton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 22,17}}}{\insrsid12807907 , here assigned to Warin }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Malicorne}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is }{\insrsid12807907 also }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 attribute}{\insrsid12807907 d to him}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WARIN [* THE }{\insrsid12807907 BALD}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Warin, named as the predecessor of Reginald the sheriff on two Shropshire manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,3,8;71}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is Warin the bald, first Norman sheriff of the county, described by Orderic Vitalis (ii. 262-63) as }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid10710488 '}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 small in body}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid10710488  but great in spirit'}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907 . His successor granted the first of these manors - Tugford - to the abbey of Shrewsbury for the soul of his predecessor. Warin died on the eve of the Domesday Survey, having witnessed a charter in 1085: }{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid10710488 Galbraith, }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 '}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid10710488  Episcopal }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 l}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid10710488 and-}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 g}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid10710488 rant', p. }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 372.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WARIN [* THE SHERIFF *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Warin, who held land at Ditchling in Sussex from William of Warenne}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 12,6}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is probably his sheriff in the Rape of Lewes, named in a charter for Lewes priory: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13371814 Early Yorkshire charte}{\insrsid12807907 rs, viii. 63; Farrer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9113909 Honors}{\insrsid12807907 
, iii. 370; Green, }{\i\insrsid12807907 English}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9111799  sheriffs}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 82. William had no other tenants of this name. Warin's manor is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 2018)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  460-61.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WAR}{\insrsid12807907 NER}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Warner is fairly common}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  name}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2513720 which }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 occurs }{\insrsid12807907 twenty-three times}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  times, }{\insrsid12807907 distributed among ten counties and the lands of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 
a dozen tenants-in-chief, with small clusters in Essex and Nottinghamshire; all Warners are post-Conquest landowners.
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WARNER }{\insrsid12807907 [* FATHER OF ROBERT *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 The Warners who held the manors of Shirland and Codnor in Derbyshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 7,5-6}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and Toton and Wollaton in Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 1,46. 10,25-26;35-38}}}{\insrsid12807907  from William Peverel may be one man, the father of Robert,
 who granted the tithes of Toton to Lenton priory: Stenton, 'Domesday survey of Nottinghamshire', p. 229. His descendants apparently suffered forfeiture; but their principal successors, the Gray family, held land in the Derbyshire vills and in Toton and C
hilwell in Nottinghamshire: Farrer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9899688 Honors}{\insrsid12807907 
, i. 148-51. By the thirteenth century, Wollaton and two of its dependencies were in the hands of three families, which suggests their descent is an unsafe guide to 1086. Wollaton lay between Toton and Warner's Derbyshire manors: Farrer, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9899688 Honors}{\insrsid12807907 , i. 158-61, 239-40. William Peverel had no other Warners on his Honour. There is one other Warner in the two counties, at Cotgrave}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 15,10}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, conceivably the same man though there are no links to confirm this. Warner's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 2985)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 
. 461; the tenant of Cotgrave is unidentified (no. 35507).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WARNER <OF }{\insrsid12807907 ALLINGTON}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 Warner, who held Allington in Sussex from William of Warenne}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 12,50}}}{\insrsid12807907 , may be the tenan
t of the Count of Mortain on a comparable holding at Barkham, the only other Warner in the county or in circuit one; but there are no links to confirm this. Warner of Allington is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907  (no. 16400).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WARNER <OF BARKHAM>. }{\insrsid12807907 
Warner, who held Barkham in Sussex from Count Robert of Mortain}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 10,115}}}{\insrsid12807907 , may be the tenant of William of Warenne on a comparable
 holding at Allington, the only other Warner in the county or in circuit one; but there are no links to confirm this. Warner of Barkham is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 16123).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WARNER <OF }{\insrsid12807907 "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BRUTGE}{\insrsid12807907 "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 The Warners who held land at }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16583207 
Brutge}{\insrsid12807907 , Beversham and Colston in Suffolk from Hervey of Bourges}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 67-5-6;8}}}{\insrsid12807907  are likely to be one man. They are the only Warners in East Angli
a; the manors are within ten miles of each other; and Hervey had no tenants of this name elsewhere. Warner's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907 
 (no. 3718)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 204, under the form Garner.
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9524888 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WARNER <OF }{\insrsid12807907 COTGRAVE}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 Warner, who held Cotgrave in Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 15,10}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 from Ralph of Buron, may be the same man as the tenant of William Peverel, 
the one other Warner in the North Midlands. The descent of the Buron Honour was disrupted and the previous tenants of Cotgrave unrecorded; it was later in the hands of the Malet family: Sanders, }{\i\insrsid12807907 English b}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9899688 aronies}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 122-24. Warner of Cotgrave is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 35507).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 WARNER <OF DITTERIDGE>. The Warners who held Ditteridge in Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 32,11}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and Chilton in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 26,7}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 from William of Eu }{\insrsid12807907 are probably one}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  man }{\insrsid12807907 even though the manors are almost forty miles apart, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 William's tenants }{\insrsid12807907 being }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 the only Warners in the south-western counties. Warner is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (nos. 15097, 16993).
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WARNER <OF EWYAS>. }{\insrsid12807907 Warner, who held land worth five shillings from Alfred of Marlborough at the castle of Ewyas Harold in Herefordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 19,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has no links with other Warners, all remote. He is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 30440).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WARNER <OF POINTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 The Warners who held Laughton, Pointon and Swaton in Lincolnshire from Guy of Craon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 57,11;13;19}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are probably one man. They are the only Warners in the county, and their manors are between three and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 six miles of each other
 in Aveland wapentake. Guy had no tenants of this name elsewhere on his Honour. Warner's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 9349)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  461-62, where it is suggested that he was the ancestor of the Pointon, or Poynton, family.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WARNER <OF TURVEY>. }{\insrsid12807907 Warner, who held a hide worth ten shillings at Turvey in Bedfordshire from Hugh of Beauchamp}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 23,30}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has no links with other Warners, none of them within fifty miles. He is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 274).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WAZELIN}{\insrsid12807907 .}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 
Wazelin is a rare name which occurs eight times, distributed among seven counties and the lands of five tenants-in-chief, perhaps representing that number of individuals.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WAZELIN <OF COTHAM>. }{\insrsid12807907 Wazelin, who held a modest manor at Cotham in Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 7,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 from the bishop of Bayeux, has no links with his namesakes. He is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 35163).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WAZELIN <OF }{\insrsid12807907 HARBURY}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, the Wazelins who held Smockington in Leicestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 14,14}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, Harbury and Chesterton in Warwickshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 19,3;5}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Sutton in Derbyshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 6,39}}}{\insrsid12807907  from Henry of Ferrers are probably the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6911373 Vasolinus}{\insrsid12807907 
 who gave two-thirds of the tithes of Harbury and Chesterton to the Ferrers' foundation of Tutbury priory, the presumed ancestor of the }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 Boscherville family}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907 Cartulary of Tutbury priory}{
\insrsid12807907 , pp. 65. Dr Keats-Rohan suggests he was possibly a relative of Henry of Ferrers himself, whose father was named Walchelin, though Wazelin is considered a different name: }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid14043856 Forssner, }{
\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid14043856 Continental-Germanic }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907 personal names}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid14043856 ,}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
 pp. 239, 249. Henry and William of Boscherville each held three fees of the Ferrers Honour during the reign of Henry I, which appears to be the earliest mention of the family; later records show that }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid14242253 
one of these six fees included Harbury and Chesterton: }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid1580687 Red Book}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 , i. 337; }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid14242253 VCH Warwickshire}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid14242253 , v. 43; vi.}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907  }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid14242253 104. Wazelin's}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  other Domesday manors seem insufficient to accoun
t for another five fees though the family may have acquired other lands in the interval, of course. There is, however, another possibility: that Henry's tenant is the same man as the tenant of }{\insrsid12807907 
Geoffrey of la Guerche on the substantial manor of Haxey in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 63,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 , the one other manor of substance held by a Wazelin}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
. Haxey, like Harbury and Chesterton, was previously held by Siward Barn (}{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid16083893 q.v.}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 ), Henry of Ferrers' principal predecessor; and since the two manors - another in Yorkshire - which Geoff
rey acquired from Siward are two of the very few manors of Siward Barn in Great Domesday which were not held by Henry in 1086, this is a striking coincidence. Henry did have claims against Geoffrey in this part of Lincolnshire, albeit in relation to anoth
er manor}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 LIN CW17}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
. The associations are slight though the rarity of Wazelin's name and the status of the manors lend them some credence. In the absence of a more direct links, however, the tenants are here treated as separate individuals. This Wazelin's }{
\insrsid12807907 manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 3862)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  445, under the name Walchelin.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WAZELIN <OF HAXEY>. }{\insrsid12807907 Wazelin, who held the valuable manor of Haxey in Lincolnshire from Geoffrey of la Guerche}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 63,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is his only tenant of that name, and the only Wazelin in Lincolnshire. The Takel family later held a fee in Haxey from the Honour of Mowbray, Geoffrey's successors: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1580687 Red Book}{\insrsid12807907 , ii. 737; }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1580687 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 192-93. It is possible that he is the same man as the tenant of Henry of Ferrers, the one other Wazelin of substance, as there are some slight associations between them. This Wazelin is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907  (no. 34759).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WAZELIN <OF WEETING>. }{\insrsid12807907 Wazelin, who held a }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8481164 modest property at Weeting }{\insrsid12807907 in Norfolk from William of Warenne}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 8,44}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has no links with other Wazelins. He is identified by Dr Keats-Rohan as Walchelin of Rosay, son of Lambert of Rosay (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1580687 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
), another Warenne tenant, who granted land and tithes to the Warenne foundation of Castle Acre priory with }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15866334 his son, Walchelin: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15866334 Monasticon}{\insrsid12807907 , v}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid15866334 . 49, no. 1. However, Walchelin and Wazelin}{\insrsid12807907  (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1580687 Waselinus}{\insrsid12807907 
) are considered to be different names; and the charter dates from about 1130, which makes it unlikely - though not impossible - that Lambert had a son old enough to hold land more than four decades earlier: }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid14043856 
Forssner, }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid14043856 Continental-Germanic }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907 personal names}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid14043856 ,}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  pp. 239, 249. Wazelin's}{\insrsid12807907  manor is}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 8159)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  444.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WAZELIN <OF WITHERNWICK>. }{\insrsid12807907 Wazelin, who held a carucate worth ten shillings at Withernwick in Yorkshire from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8789846 Drogo of la Beuvri\'e8re}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 14E40}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has no links with other Wazelins. He is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 37896).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par "WEGE" <OF WOMERSLEY>. }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3035492 Wege}{\insrsid12807907 
 is a rare name which occurs three times in Lincolnshire and once in Yorkshire. Although there are no links between them, it seems likely that the predecessors of Erneis of Buron at Coleby and Winteringham and of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3035492 
Geoffrey of la Guerche}{\insrsid12807907  at Lound in the West Riding of Lindsey are the same man}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 34,24-26. 63,8. CW18}}}{\insrsid12807907 . More certainly, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3035492 Wege}{\insrsid12807907 
 at Coleby probably held the Yorkshire manor of Womersley acquired by Ilbert of Lacy}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3035492 9W49}}}{\insrsid12807907 , the predecessor Barth, who shared Coleby with }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3035492 Wege}{\insrsid12807907 . Several of Barth's Yorkshire manors are within a few miles of Womersley. It seems likely that Barth and }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3035492 Wege}{\insrsid12807907  were related in some way.}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid3035492 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 [* WHITBY *]}{\insrsid12807907 , ST HILDA}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 
St Hilda, which held land at Hackness, Suffield and Everley in Yorkshire on the fief of William of Percy, is the abbey of St Hilda of Whitby}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15803964 13N13}}}{
\insrsid12807907 . The entry implies that Percy held the land in some capacity. It is recorded as his demesne in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6685022 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 707).}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15803964 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WIDARD}{\insrsid12807907 . Widard is a rare name which occurs nine times, distri
buted among five counties and the lands of five tenants-in-chief, though two of these occurrences may be a scribal errors for Widelard, if indeed the names are different, as is believed: }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8214004 Forssner, }{
\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8214004 Continental-Germanic personal names}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 , pp. 253-54}{\insrsid12807907 .}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WIDARD <OF FARLOW>. }{\insrsid12807907 All Widards in Domesday Book - scribal errors apart - may be one man. As the name is rare}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , it is likely
 that the Widard who held Farlow from Earl Roger of Shrewsbury is }{\insrsid12807907 also }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 the tenant of Roger of Lacy at Hopton Wafers, }{\insrsid12807907 four}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  miles away}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SHR 4,28,5. 7,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 . He is named on the royal manor of Leominster in Herefordshire, where his holding in Farlow is valued}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 1,10b}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and he is probably}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the Widard who }{\insrsid12807907 held }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Rochford}{\insrsid12807907  -}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  nine miles south of Hopton Wafers}{\insrsid12807907  - }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 and }{\insrsid12807907 Litley from Durand of Gloucester}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 22,5;8}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 He may be}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the }{\insrsid12807907 
one other }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Widard }{\insrsid12807907 in the region, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 with a messuage in Gloucester}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS G4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{
\insrsid12807907 Dr }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11352544 Keats-Rohan}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 suggests he also held Birstall from Hugh of Grandmesnil}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LEC}{\insrsid12807907 
 13,61}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  which is possible }{\insrsid12807907 but unverifiable; Birstall appears as the demesne of the earl of Leicester in the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid337891 Leicestershire Survey}{
\insrsid12807907  (p. 40). The other two Widards in Domesday Book may be scribal errors for Widelard (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12856935 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ). Widard's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 8857)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  463.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par WIDELARD [* OF BALLIOL *]. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name does not occur again in Domesday Book, t}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 he }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Wielardus}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 who held 'Binsley', Bardfield and Horseham Hall in Essex from Richard of Tonbridge is }{\insrsid12807907 almost certainly}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Wildelardus de Bailol}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who donated }{\insrsid12807907 a small amount of land in Stoke }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 to the Clare foundation of Stoke by Clare }{\insrsid12807907 priory}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 23,10;42. 90,52;75}}}{\insrsid12807907 : }{
\i\insrsid12807907 Stoke}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8214004  by Clare}{\i\insrsid12807907  c}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6712277 artulary}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\insrsid12807907 i. 120}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . It is }{
\insrsid12807907 also }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 probable that }{\insrsid12807907 Richard's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  tenant at Withersfield in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 25,84}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
, whose name-form (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Wilard}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ) is unique, is the same }{\insrsid12807907 man}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , and likely that so too is }{\insrsid12807907 Richard's}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  tenant at Thurlow in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 25,104}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  with the uncommon name of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15825822 Widard}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , borne by possibly only one other }{\insrsid12807907 man}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in Domesday Book, Widard of Farlow. Forssner, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Continental-Germanic }{\i\insrsid12807907 
personal names}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , pp. 253-55, records the three forms as separate names but it seems improbable that a single tenant-in-chief }{\insrsid12807907 had}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 two tenants with unique names, and a third with a rare name, all of which might be confused with each other; scribal idiosyncrasy is more likely. }{\insrsid12807907 Dr }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11352544 Keats-Rohan}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 suggests he }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  also the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15825822 Widard}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 who held}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Brighton}{\insrsid12807907  in}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Sussex }{\insrsid12807907 from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 William of Warenne}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 12,14}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{
\insrsid12807907 who}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  possibly the son of Osbern son of Geoffrey of Balliol, a significant tenant of the Count of Eu in the county}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  probably from Bailleul-Neuville in }{\insrsid12807907 Upper }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Normandy (Seine-Maritime: arrondissement Dieppe): Loyd, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1391730 Some Anglo-Norman families}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , p. 11; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VCH Sussex}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , vii. 253,}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
255, 257. The name Geoffrey occurs in several generations of the family, and Widelard of Balliol's grant to Stoke by Clare }{\insrsid12807907 priory}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  was witnessed by a nephew, Geoffrey. The links}{\insrsid12807907 
, though slight, are perhaps}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  sufficient to sustain an identification in view of the rarity of name}{\insrsid12807907 -forms}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907  Widelard's manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 996)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  465.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16399229 WIGAR}{\insrsid12807907 "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16399229 . }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10754398 Wigar}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16399229  is a}{\insrsid12807907  rare}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16399229  }{
\insrsid12807907 name which occurs }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16399229 fewer than ten times, some of the}{\insrsid12807907 m}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16399229  possibly scribal errors for Wihtgar }{\insrsid12807907 if these are not simply}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid16399229  variant form}{\insrsid12807907 s as suggested by von Feilitzen:}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16399229  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16399229 Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16399229 , p}{
\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16399229 . 413}{\insrsid12807907 -14}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16399229 .}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Apart from Wihtgar son of Aelfric (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 q.v.}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ), the predecessor of Richard of Tonbridge in Essex and East Anglia, the name is }{\insrsid12807907 rare}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in all its forms}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WIGAR}{\insrsid12807907 "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  [* OF BENHAM *]. }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1470968 Wigar}{\insrsid12807907 , who held Benham among the king's thanes in Berkshire in 1086}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
BRK 65,11}}}{\insrsid12807907 , has no links with his namesakes, none of whom held land in the county or anywhere else south of the Thames. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 He }{\insrsid12807907 is possibly }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 the }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Wichtgari}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  of Benham who}{\insrsid12807907 se}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  son Hugh was received into the fraternity of Abingdon }{\insrsid12807907 abbey}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  early in the twelfth century: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Historia Ecclesie Abbendonensis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , i}{\insrsid12807907 i.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  212-13. }{\insrsid12807907 
His manor is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 9329)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 
referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  466.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WIGAR}{\insrsid12807907 " <}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OF }{\insrsid12807907 CHURCHILL>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare, the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10754398 Wigar}
{\insrsid12807907 s whose respectable manors of Churchill and Cradley in Worcestershire were acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6561168 William son of Ansculf}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WOR 23,7;13}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are almost certainly one man; the vills are fifteen miles apart. There are no other }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10754398 Wigar}{\insrsid12807907 s or Wihtgars in the west Midlands or on William's Honour.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6561168 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WIGAR}{\insrsid12807907 "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  [* OF ORWELL *]. }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Wisgar}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held }{\insrsid12807907 Orwell}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in Hertfordshire}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 from Hardwin of Scales}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 37,6}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  is }{\insrsid12807907 very probably }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 the English juror of Odsey Hundred}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Wigarus}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  of Orwell}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  (}{\insrsid12807907 ed. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Hamilton, p.}{
\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 101)}{\insrsid12807907 . It is probable, too, that he is the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Wigar}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held }{\insrsid12807907 the following manor of }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Therfield from }{\insrsid12807907 Hardwin}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 37,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who preceded }{\insrsid12807907 Hardwin}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  at Wratting in Cambridgeshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 CA}{\insrsid12807907 M 26,8}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . The }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  (Hamilton, p. 23) renders }{\insrsid12807907 his}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  name in this entry as }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
Withgar}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and implies that the pre-Conquest lord survived to 1086, }{\insrsid12807907 as did}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid940982 Wigar}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  of Orwell. }{
\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare in all its possible forms, it is likely that Hardwin's tenant and predecessor is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  also the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Wigar}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 whose man Algar preceded Geoffrey of Bec at Barley and Cokenach in Hertfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 HRT 34,}{\insrsid12807907 9-10}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , both of which lay between the }{
\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  of }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid940982 Wigar}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  of Orwell in Hertfordshire and Cambridgeshire}{\insrsid12807907 
; he is otherwise an overlord without demesne land of his own.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 Dr Clarke identifies this }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid940982 Wigar}{\insrsid12807907  as Wihtgar son of Aelfric: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3019954 English nobility}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 357. }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1470968 Wigar}{\insrsid12807907 's two tenancies are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907 
 (no. 222) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9265289 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907 , p. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 465.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907 WIGLAC [* SON OF SIWARD *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10234045 .}{
\insrsid12807907  All Wiglacs in Domesday Book are almost certainly the Wiglac son of Siward and brother of Aki who had '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6962852 who had full jurisdiction and market rights}{\insrsid12807907 
' over his father's land. He and his brother and father provided almost the entire fief of Robert the bursar in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 38,1-13}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, only Fulstow being held by another man, Eskil}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 38,14}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Wiglac himself had Addlethorpe, 'Butchett' and Langton-by-Wragby}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 38,8;10-11}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, all in Lindsey South Riding. He may have succeeded his father at Wilksby}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 38,5}}}{\insrsid12807907 , which Dr }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4609808 Fellows-Jensen }{\insrsid12807907 
suggests may be formed from his name: }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4609808 'On the identification of Domesday tenants in Lincolnshire', }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7237629 p}{\insrsid12807907 
. 36. Additionally, he held Ludford from William of Percy - also in the South 
Riding - but there is scarcely any doubt of his identity here as he shared the manor with Siward, who is presumably his father. The Lincolnshire Claims reveal that he had also held land in Claythorpe}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN CS12. 13,3}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Scremby}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
LIN CS36. 24,47}}}{\insrsid12807907  - claimed by Robert the bursar but held by Earl Hugh of Chester and Gilbert of Ghent - but had forfeited both. Even without these manors, however, the family lands are worth almost \'a350. If included in Clarke, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2630730 English nobility}{\insrsid12807907 , the family would rank among the eighty wealthiest untitled laymen in 1066.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WIGLAF <OF }{\insrsid12807907 PRESTON}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9589351 The Wiglaf}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9589351  }{\insrsid12807907 
who held a burgess in Buckingham and four}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9589351  }{\insrsid12807907 respectable or substantial manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9589351  clustered around }{\insrsid12807907 the town}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK B10. }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid7544294 4,30;34-35;37}}}{\insrsid12807907  are almost certainly one man, the only Wiglaf in Domesday Book. The four manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9589351  devolved upon the }{\insrsid12807907 bishop of}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid9589351  Bayeux, the }{\insrsid12807907 burgess}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9589351  on Arnulf of Hesdin}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9589351  who also held two }{\insrsid12807907 of Wiglaf's manors}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid9589351  as a tenant of the bishop.}{\insrsid12807907  Wiglaf is three times }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9589351 described as a }{\insrsid12807907 man or }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9589351 thane of Earl Leofwin}{\insrsid12807907 .

\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par WIGMUND <OF SOUTHWOOD>. Wigmund, predecessor and tenant of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14842784 Ralph Baynard}{\insrsid12807907  at Southwood in Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14842784 NFK 31,11}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , is the one pre-Conquest landowner of this name. Its form (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14842784 Wimund}{\insrsid12807907 ) is identical to that of the post-Conquest Wimunds who occur in six counties, thou
gh he is assumed on tenurial grounds to be a native: von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12721020 Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 413. Dr Keats-Rohan suggests he is possibly the tenant of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14842784 
Haimo the steward}{\insrsid12807907  at Norton Mandeville in Essex, though his description as a 'free man' who held S
outhwood before the Conquest makes this unlikely. There is no suggestion on Ralph Baynard's fiefs that he acquired lands from the dispossessed followers of Earl Ralph Wader, which might account for the presence of a continental Wimund on his lands at an e
arly date. Wigmund's manor is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 8826)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{
\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  498.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14842784 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14842784 {\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
WIGOT. Wigot is a fairly common name before the Conquest, rare in 1086. The pre-Conquest names are distributed among eight adjacent counties between Sussex and Warwickshire, }{\insrsid12807907 in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 seven of }{
\insrsid12807907 which Wigots are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  lords of one or more substantial manors}{\insrsid12807907 ; apart from a priest}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 3,7}}}{\insrsid12807907  and a hunter}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
BDF 52,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 , all these }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Wigot}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 
may be the magnate Wigot of Wallingford and in that sense, the name is as rare before the Conquest as after. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 The three survivors are distributed among three counties and the lands of as many tenants-in-chief.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 WIGOT [* OF WALLINGFORD *]. }{\insrsid12807907 
All unidentified Wigots of 1066 may be Wigot of Wallingford. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Although his byname }{\insrsid12807907 is recorded }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 only three }{\insrsid12807907 times}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, he can be identified with some confidence in other counties as the predecessor of both Robert d'Oilly, whose English wife was almost certainly Wigot's daughter, and of Miles Crispin, who }{\insrsid12807907 very probably }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 married Robert's daughter from that marriage. }{\insrsid12807907 Wigot}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is explicitly named as Robert's predecessor at Tiscott in Hertfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 19,1}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , and implicitly as the predecessor of Miles at Chessington in Surrey}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUR 29,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Miles or Robert acquired from Wigot or his men Langley and Letcombe in Berkshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
BRK 33,9. 41,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ; Rodbourne and Manton in Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 28,9;12}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ; Shabbington, Quainton and Wavendon in Buckinghamshire}{\insrsid12807907 
, in each of which his byname is recorded}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ; }{\insrsid12807907 Goring, Gatehampton, Chesterton}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and Cuxham in Oxfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 28,2. 35,1;18;31}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
; and Brawn and Alderley in Gloucestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 64,1;3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . The relationship of Miles and Wigot identifies both of them on an unnamed holding in Hampshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 69,40}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, which in turn identifies Wigot on the very substantial manor Broadwater in Sussex with which }{\insrsid12807907 the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Hampshire }{\insrsid12807907 manor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  was exchanged}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUS 13,30}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . It is likely that he is also the Wigot with two other respectable manors in that county, at Bepton and Aldrington}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 SUS 11,1}{\insrsid12807907 
5. 12,21}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. These, of course, devolved upon the lords of their respective Rapes rather than by antecession, though Earl Roger of Shrewsbury, who held Bepton, also acquired land in Middlesex from Wigot, at Harmondsworth, Harlington, Colham and Dawley}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 MDX 7,}{\insrsid12807907 3-5;7}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Wigot can be identified }{\insrsid12807907 t}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 here because his nephew Alfred (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 q.v.}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ) retained part of Harlington as the earl's tenant, while another nephew was the earl's tenant at Hampton in Gloucestershire. Less certainly, Wigot of Wallingford may be the }{\insrsid12807907 one }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 other unidentified }{\insrsid12807907 Wigot of 1066}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , whose }{\insrsid12807907 manor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  at Wixford in Warwickshire was acquired by Evesham abbey}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
WAR 11,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . The abbey claimed that the land was rightfully theirs, so the Wigot who withheld it was presumably a man of some }{\insrsid12807907 influence or }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 substance: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Early charters of northern England}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 79; Thomas of Marlborough, pp. 174-75. Wigot probably also held Ogbourne in Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 1,22}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, where no pre-Conquest lord is named and the Geld Roll for the county refers to eighteen hides of royal land as 'Wigot's land': }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 VCH Wiltshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , ii. 199-200. }{\insrsid12807907 Dr}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 Williams suggests that he may also have held most of the land which devolved upon Robert d'Oilly in Oxfordshire, where only two of his twenty-eight manors record a pre-Conquest lord - one of these being Wigot - and more than a dozen }{\insrsid12807907 
are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  worth \'a35 or more: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4204244 English and the Norman Conquest}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 100-101.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Wigot may have been a kinsman of Edward the Confessor and was a member of his household}{\insrsid12807907 . }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
He is likely to have played a critical role in the events of 1066}{\insrsid12807907  since}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  the Conqueror was able to make the crucial crossing of the Thames at Wallingford, }{\insrsid12807907 which may explain why}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  several of Wigot's relations prospered after the Conquest: Williams, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4204244 English and the Norman Conquest}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 100-103.}{\insrsid12807907  }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 A list of }{\insrsid12807907 his}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  manors is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 English nobility, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 pp. 356
-57, which does not include Ogbourne or Wexford but adds Clyst St Mary in Devon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 3,7}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , held by Wigot the priest according to }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Exon.}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Wigot }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  ranked twenty-seventh in wealth among untitled laymen by }{\insrsid12807907 Dr }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Clarke}{\insrsid12807907 
; the additional manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  would place him among the top twenty laymen; he would rank eighth}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 if the Oxford}{\insrsid12807907 shire manors are also included}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \cbpat8 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WI}{\insrsid12807907 GULF <OF CODDENHAM>. 
All Wigulfs in Domesday Book are probably one man, though his men and manors devolved upon five tenants-in-chief. His manors of Coddenham, Hemingstone, Willisham and Crowfield all lay in Bosmere Hundred in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid1526199 7,67-68. 8,56. 38,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 , the first two - acquired by Roger Bigot and subinfeudated to Warengar of Hedingham (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1526199 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
) - being claimed by Roger of Rames, who himself acquired Crowfield. Roger claimed 'all the free men which Warengar holds from Roger Bigot'}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1526199 7,6}{\insrsid12807907 
8}}}{\insrsid12807907  which, taken l
iterally, would include another seven vills in Essex, Norfolk and Suffolk, in none of which Wigulf is mentioned in Domesday Book. At Crowfield, Wigulf was either the man or predecessor - the text is ambiguous - of Edric the steersman (}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1526199 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ), his lord at Aylmerton in Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 8,132}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Wigulf's sixth manor, at North Barningham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 10,64}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is three miles from Aylmerton.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1526199 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WIHENOC}{\insrsid12807907 . Wihenoc is a rare name which occurs in three counties, effectively on the lands on one tenant-in-chief in each, probably borne by three individuals, all post-Conquest landowners.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WIHENOC [* OF BURLEY *]. }{\insrsid12807907 
The Wihenocs who occur on almost twenty manors in Norfolk are almost certainly one man, Wihenoc of Burley, named for an annexation at Barton Bendish}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9720835 NFK 66,36}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , identifiable here and elsewhere as an intermediate landowner. Most of the references to him occur as a predecessor of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9720835 Reginald son of Ivo}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9720835 
21,1;5;7-8;12-15;32;35. 66,44;49-50;52}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; three of the four on other fiefs also involving Reginald in some manner, two recorded in Domesday Book, the third in the Ely Inquisition}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9720835 
1,61. 8,29. 15,14}}}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid9720835 Inquisitio Eliensis}{\insrsid12807907  (ed. Hamilton, p. 194). One entry, at Beechamwell}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 9,233}}}{\insrsid12807907 , appear
s to suggest he active in 1086, stating that Wihenoc 'took 30 acres of the lordship of this land. He claims them of the King's gift'. 'He', however, probably refers to the tenant-in-chief, justifying his title and incidentally explaining why }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid9720835 Reginald son of Ivo}{\insrsid12807907  was not involved in this one entry. Another entry}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 8,29}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 suggests that Wihenoc was succeeded by Ivo, then by his son Reginald, while another states that he was the predecessor of Hermer of Ferrers}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 66,49}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, though he occurs nowhere else in relation to Hermer. As his name is probably Breton, it is likely that he lost his lands in the aftermath of the rebellion of Earl Ralph Wader in 1075. As an intermediate landowner, his }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8129311 
manors}{\insrsid12807907  are not listed the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13901277 Statistics}{\insrsid12807907  database; he is included in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8400691 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 5888) and referenced in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8400691 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 466, as the tenant at Beechamwell.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \cbpat8 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WIHENOC }{\insrsid12807907 <OF HELE>. As the name 
is rare, the Wihenocs who held Sprytown, Ashbury and Hele in Devon from Alfred the Breton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 39,2;7-8}}}{\insrsid12807907  are almost certainly one man - said to be so in the last two cases - 
the only Wihenoc holding land at the date of the Domesday Survey. Land in the three vills was held together in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16082011 the fourteenth century: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16082011 Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid16082011 , xiv, no. 325, p. 318. }{\insrsid12807907 Reichel suggested that this Wihenoc is to be identified as Wihenoc of Monmouth, though that Wihenoc is likely to be dead or departed by 1086: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6387972 Hundred of Lifton}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6387972 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6387972 215}{\insrsid12807907 . }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16082011 Wihenoc's}{\insrsid12807907  manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 1785)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  466.}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WIHENOC }{\insrsid12807907 [* OF MONMOUTH *]. The Wihenoc who preceded }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid28681 William son of Baderon}{\insrsid12807907  at Hill House in Gloucestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 32,9}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 is his uncle, brother of Baderon, lord of Monmouth and founder of Monmouth priory; his foundation charter being witnessed by his brother and nephew: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6387972 Monasticon}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6387972 , iv. no. 1, p. 596; }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6387972 Calendar of documents}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6387972 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6387972 France}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6387972 , pp. 406-10. According to the Book}{\insrsid12807907 
 of Llandaff, Wihenoc was entrusted with Monmouth castle after the rebellion of the Earl Roger of Shrewsbury (1075), and after an interval was succeeded by William son of Baderon, who held it in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15872651 1086}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
HEF 1,48}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15872651 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15872651 Liber Landavensis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15872651 , pp. 266, 549-50. This would seem to preclude the possibility}{\insrsid12807907  that he is either the Ea
st Anglian Wihenoc, who may have lost his lands for involvement in the rebellion which led to Wihenoc's acquisition of Monmouth, or the Devon landowner of 1086. As an intermediate landowner, his }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8129311 manor}{\insrsid12807907 
 is not listed the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13901277 Statistics}{\insrsid12807907  database or in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10754398 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6387972 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid7436765 WIHTGAR. Although the name Wihtgar }{\insrsid12807907 is stated or implied almost}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7436765  }
{\insrsid12807907 140}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7436765  times}{\insrsid12807907  in Domesday Book}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7436765 , it is entirely confined to the two counties of Essex and Suffolk}{\insrsid12807907 
 and very largely to the fief of a single tenant-in-chief, a}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7436765  distribution }{\insrsid12807907 which }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7436765 suggests that the bulk of the names refer to }{\insrsid12807907 one man. }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 The }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  (Hamilton, p. 23) }{\insrsid12807907 records a}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Withgar}{\insrsid12807907  at Wratting}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3866996 CAM 26,8}}}{\insrsid12807907 , but this is probably an error, corrected to }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10754398 Wigar}{\insrsid12807907  by the Domesday scribe. }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10754398 Wigar}{\insrsid12807907 , however, is possibly a }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16399229 variant form}{\insrsid12807907  of }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid7436765 Wihtgar}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7436765  }{\insrsid12807907 as suggested by von Feilitzen:}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16399229  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16399229 Pre-Conquest personal names}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid16399229 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16399229 . 413}{\insrsid12807907 -14.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3866996 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 WIHTGAR <OF EPPING>. In view its skewed distribution, it is possible that the Wihtgar who}{\insrsid12807907 se}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 manor at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 Epping in Essex}{\insrsid12807907  was}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  acquired by Count Alan of Brittany}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 21,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is Wihtgar son of Aelfric; }{\insrsid12807907 
Epping lies roughlytwenty-five miles south-west of his nearest manors. A}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 s there are no }{\insrsid12807907 specific }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 links}{\insrsid12807907  to confirm an identification}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{\insrsid12807907 however, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 he is here treated as another man.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 WIHTGAR <OF KEMBROKE>. Wihtgar}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  one of fourteen free men under the patronage of Northmann at Kembroke in Suffolk }{\insrsid12807907 acquired by Roger Bigot}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUF 7,121}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is unlikely to be the magnate, Wihtgar son of Aelfric}{\insrsid12807907 
, though the scribes of Little Domesday did sometimes conceal important landowners among large groups of named free men}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7436765 WIHTGAR [* SON OF AELFRIC *]. Wihtgar }{\insrsid12807907 was the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7436765 son of Aelfric}{\insrsid12807907  - himself the son of another Wihtgar - an English magnate}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid7436765  }{\insrsid12807907 described in a late source as 'the famo
us Earl Aelfric', a deputy for Queen Emma in East Anglia. He founded and endowed St John's of Clare in the 1040s on such a lavish scale as to indicate that he was a very wealthy landowner: Robertson, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7436765 Charters}{
\insrsid12807907 , p. 425; }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 Whitelock, }{\i\insrsid12807907 Anglo-Saxon wills}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 188; 
Mortimer, 'Honour of Clare', pp. 128-130, 220-21. His son, the Domesday Wihtgar, was among the wealthiest of the pre-Conquest magnates.
\par \tab Wihtgar son of Aelfric is named only once in the Domesday folios}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 25,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , but the bulk of his estate can be reconst
ructed from its distinctive tenurial and distributional profile. The name Wihtgar occurs only in Essex and Suffolk, where all but a handful of his manors were acquired Richard of Clare, son of Count Gilbert of Brionne, explicitly named as Wihtgar's predec
essor on several occasions}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 23,30. SUF 25,25;35;78-102}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and implicitly on others}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 25,56;103. 76,2-3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Of those that devolved upon other tenants-in-chief, twelve are those of Wihtgar's free men, the son of Aelfric being the only plausible overlord; he is described as Richard of Clare's predecessor on five of these}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 8,35;47;63. 29,1. 67,1}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , five others either lying in the same vill as another of his manors or within five miles of one of them}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 8,46;58. 16,11. 32,1. 43,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. The eleventh, Barham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 8,66}}}{\insrsid12807907 , was acquired by Roger of Poitou, along with five others held by Wihtgar's men, the twelfth by the bishop of Bayeux}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 16,38}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Of the remaining Wihtgars, one appears to be a peasant}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 7,121}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Two demesne manors were acquired by other tenants-in-chief, Creeting}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 32,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Ousden}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUF 72,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , both in vills within five miles of other demesnes of Aelfric's son, while at Creeting he had another holding in the vill}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 16,11}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Only Epping in Essex}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
ESS 21,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  has no apparent associations with Richard of Clare or the son of Wihtgar, whose nearest property was the sprawling manor of Thaxted, some twenty-five miles away. Dr Clarke has suggested that the }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid940982 Wigar}{\insrsid12807907  who held Barley and Cokenach in Hertfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid940982 HRT 34,9}{\insrsid12807907 -10}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 is also Wihtgar son of Aelfric, though he is perhaps more likely to be }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid940982 Wigar}{\insrsid12807907  of Orwell (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid940982 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ).}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid940982 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 \tab Wihtgar is ranked thirteenth in wealth among the untitled laymen by Dr Clarke, which depends upon attributing to him the very valuable manor of Clare. There is
 conflicting evidence on this point. Domesday itself is categoric: Wihtgar's father 'gave this manor' to St John's of Clare with his son's assent, a charter committing '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12728186 the whole place}{\insrsid12807907 
 ... to the Church'; but the manor was taken into the Conqueror's hand}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 25,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, then presumably re-granted to Richard of Clare. Later sources tell a different story, the grant involving only tithes of the manor and some of its dependencies: }{\i\insrsid12807907 Early charters of eastern England}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 71; }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12728186 Stoke}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8214004  by Clare}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12728186  cartulary}{\insrsid12807907 , i. 54-58. If th
e Domesday version is accepted, Wihtgar's ranking would fall by half-a-dozen places. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 A list of }{\insrsid12807907 Wihtgar's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  manor}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 
 is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11564255 English nobility}{\i\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 pp. }{\insrsid12807907 357-63}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 , }{\insrsid12807907 which}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  }{\insrsid12807907 includes only the manors and men in Essex and Suffolk acquired by Richard of Clare, Roger of Poitou and Odo of Bayeux, omitting Alderford in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 23,11}}}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WIHT}{\insrsid12807907 LAC <OF THROUGHAM>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907  All Wihtlacs in 
Domesday Book are very probably one man, a king's thane who survived for two decades on manors in the New Forest and the Isle of Wight. Stanpit, Ripley and Througham were acquired by Hugh of Port}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 23,63;65. NF6,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 who subinfeudated Througham to Hugh of St }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9463020 Quentin}{\insrsid12807907 , the tenant-in-chief who obtained Wihtlac's manor of Bolderford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM NF9,16}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and who may also be the Hugh who held Ripley from Hugh of Port. Througham was held 'jointly', the other landowner being almost certainly Aelfric Small }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16521506 (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16521506 q.v.}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid16521506 ), who also held 'jointly' in the }{\insrsid12807907 same }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16521506 vill. Their joint tenure identifies them as the Wihtlac and Aelfric who held }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16521506 Oxelei}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid16521506  in the New Forest and Yarmouth and Yafford on the Isle of Wight jointly for two decades}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16521506 HAM }{\insrsid12807907 
NF9,33. IoW9,16;23}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16521506 . Wihtlac had held }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16521506 Oxelei}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16521506  and Yarmouth since}{\insrsid12807907 
 1066 so is almost certainly the Wihtlac on an anonymous manor in the New Forest among the king's thanes during the same two decades}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM NF9,12}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and probably one remaining Wihtlac, at Hinchelsea in the same Hundred}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM NF9,12}}}{\insrsid12807907 , whose manor had been engulfed by the Forest. The valuation of his hide at Bolderford at \'a3
10 looks very much like a scribal error. Wihtlac is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1727758 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (nos. 6921, 6930) or his holdings assigned to the king }{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16521506 HAM NF9,}{
\insrsid12807907 12;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16521506 33}}}{\insrsid12807907 .}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9463020 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WIHTRIC.}{\insrsid12807907  Wihtric is a rare name which occurs once each in Berkshire, Derbyshire, Hampshire and Staffordshire; twice in Shropshire, an
d eight times in Suffolk, on the lands of different tenants-in-chief in each county, all borne by pre-Conquest landowners, none of whose manors are worth more than \'a31.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WIHTRIC [* OF CARLEWUDA *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The cluster of Whitrics in Suffolk}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 suggest that most if not all are one man}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
SUF 1,102. 6}{\insrsid12807907 ,110. 7,61;76;83;119-120. 16,20}}}{\insrsid12807907 , named Wihtric of }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12278122 Carlewuda}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 at Stratton in Suffolk}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SUF 6,110}}}{\insrsid12807907  where he is described as Earl Harold's man in a second entry}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 7,119}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{
\insrsid12807907 The notorious}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  ambiguity }{\insrsid12807907 of Little Domesday where}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the dates of }{\insrsid12807907 free}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  holdings }{\insrsid12807907 
are concerned }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 make it impossible to be categoric, }{\insrsid12807907 but }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 it appears that Wihtric may have survived }{\insrsid12807907 for two decades}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 on most if not all eight holdings. They are all in south-east Suffolk, the remainder of East Anglia and Essex being Wihtric-free. Six of the eight are clustered on either side of the river Orwell below Ipswich. The other two, some twen
ty miles away, are related to each other by the patronage of the }{\insrsid12807907 abbot of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Ely and connected to the others by tenurial or other factors. }{\insrsid12807907 F}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
ive were acquired by Roger Bigot, the other three having Bigot associations, either with his office of sheriff or with vills in which he held land.}{\insrsid12807907  None are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6577536 Coel}{\insrsid12807907 . }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12278122 Carlewuda}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 has not been identified.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WIHTRIC <OF GORLEY>. Wihtric}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 whose}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  hide worth \'a31 at Gorley in Hampshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 68,11}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 was acquired by Osbern the falconer, has no links with his namesakes}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WIHTRIC <OF HADLEY>. }{\insrsid12807907 Wihtric,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 whose modest holding at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Hadley}{\insrsid12807907  in Shropshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SHR 4,3,27}}}{\insrsid12807907  was acquired by Reginald the sheriff,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 may be the Wihtric at Lee Brockhurst, though there are no links to confirm this; the manors are fifteen miles apart.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WIHTRIC <OF LEE>. }{\insrsid12807907 Wihtric,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 whose modest holding at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 Lee Brockhurst in Shropshire wa
s acquired by Norman the hunter}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SHR 4,}{\insrsid12807907 25,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 may be the Wihtric at }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Hadley}{\insrsid12807907 
, but there are no links to confirm this; the manors are fifteen miles apart.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WIHTRIC <OF SANDON>. }{\insrsid12807907 Wihtric, who shared a small holding at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Sandon in Staffordshire }{\insrsid12807907 with two others and '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3172205 
could not leave with the land}{\insrsid12807907 '}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 11,10}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 has no links with his namesakes. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Sandon}{\insrsid12807907  was}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  acquired }{\insrsid12807907 by Robert of Stafford.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WIHTRIC <OF TISSINGTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 Wihtric, one of seven lords whose land at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Tissington in Derbyshire}{\insrsid12807907  was acquired by Henry of Ferrers}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 DBY}{\insrsid12807907  6,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 has no links with his namesakes}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WIHTRIC <OF WOKEFIELD>. Wihtric}{\insrsid12807907 , whose}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  1 1/2 hides worth \'a31 at Wokefield in Berkshire }{\insrsid12807907 was acquired by Walter son of Other}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
BRK 31,6}}}{\insrsid12807907 , has no links with his namesakes}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx6300\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907 WILLIAM}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid423351 . }{\insrsid12807907 William}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid423351  }{\insrsid12807907 
is the most common name in Domesday Book in 1086, occurring well over two thousand times and in every Domesday county}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid423351 .}{\insrsid12807907  130 Williams}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid423351  }{\insrsid12807907 
have different bynames, almost half that number being tenants-in-chief, Williams}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid423351  }{\insrsid12807907 
also occurring as tenants of more than 120 other tenants-in-chief. The name occurs fifteen times in pre-Conquest contexts in Domesday Book or satellite sources.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid423351 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 WILLIAM [* BELLETT *]. William}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  who held 'Winterborne Belet' in Dorset as a royal servant, and Thornton and }{\insrsid12807907 'also' }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Bradford from William of Eu}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 34,1-2. 57,3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 named}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  William Bellett in the Geld Roll}{\insrsid12807907 
 for the Hundreds in which those manors lay}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 VCH Dorset}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , iii. 143-44, 146-47. }{\insrsid12807907 His byname is recorded}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  on several manors in Berkshire, Dorset and Hampshire, and according to }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Exon}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . he had previously held the royal manor of Hampreston from Queen Matilda}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
DOR 1,19}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . He may have held the lost vill of }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Hiwes}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  from William of Eu, which follows Thornton }{\insrsid12807907 and Bradford}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , the scribe perha}{\insrsid12807907 ps omitting an 'also'}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 34,3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ; and he }{\insrsid12807907 is probably}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 the William who held Swyre and }{\insrsid12807907 possibly also }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 'Tarrant' from William}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 34,8;12}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. His descendants held Swyre by royal grant, possibly a confirmation after the forfeiture of the tenant-in-chief; the descent of 'Tarrant' has not been traced: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Book of Fees,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 pp. 88, 260. William's manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 138) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, p. 463, including the royal manor of Melcombe Horsey}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 1,30}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , where the text assigns him twelve acres of woodland.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 WILLIAM [* BLACK *]. The Williams who held seven consecutive manors in Silverton Hundred in Devon from Baldwin the sheriff}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 16,97-103}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 may be William Black, named in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Exon}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . in the first of the entries}{\insrsid12807907 . At}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Aller}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 the last of the entries}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 he is named William of Aller in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 the Geld Roll for the Hundred: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Devonshire Domesday}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , i. p. xxvii-viii. }{\insrsid12807907 Such localised aliases are common in this and other sources and do not necessarily indicate another William. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Five manors - two each in Ponsford and Kentisbeare and a fifth in Kingsford - were held by the same family in the thirteenth century; Dunsford was alienated to Ford abbey}{\insrsid12807907 ;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 the descent of Aller was evidently interrupted}{\insrsid12807907 , since}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  it was later held by Hugh Peverel directly from the king, as 'pertaining to his barony': }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Book of Fees}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 786, 1263. William's manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 1723) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 493.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WILLIAM [* BONVALLET *]. }{\insrsid12807907 William, who held Coughton in Warwickshire from Thorkil of Warwick}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 17,69}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 is probably William Bonvallet, whose house in Warwick may be the one referred to in this entry}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR B2}}}{\insrsid12807907 . He is may also be the William who held Harbury from Thorkil}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 17,50}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, a vill in which he held in chief}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 29,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 . He was a tenant-in-chief one waste manor in Leicestershire and of the valuable manor of Simpson in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 5,6}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, held from him in pledge by the bishop of Coutances in 1086. William's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 
(no. 3079)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 468; the commentary is misleading in some respects.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WILLIAM [* BROTHER OF ILBERT *]. William}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who shared part of the royal manor of Dewsall with Ilbert as a subtenant of Ralph of Tosny}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 1,62}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}
{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  is probably }{\insrsid12807907 the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  brother of Ilbert son of Turold}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who }{\insrsid12807907 held Dinedor}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  with his brother Ilbert from Ralph}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 8,7}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 William's manor of Dinedor is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{
\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 4671)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  490; the tenant at Dewsall is unidentified (no. 30080); Roger of Tosny should be Ralph in the commentary.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WILLIAM [* }{\insrsid12807907 "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 DE ALNO}{\insrsid12807907 "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  *]. }{\insrsid12807907 William, who held Ardleigh in Essex from Robert Gernon}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
ESS 32,40}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is probably William }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10907033 de Alno}{\insrsid12807907 , his tenant on nine manors in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 36,1-7;16-17}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Ardleigh was acquired from a Skalpi and was dependent upon an unnamed manor in Suffolk, where William's most valuable manors - Churchford and Stutton - were acquired from a Skalpi, both abo
ut eight miles away. Robert Gernon had another William among his tenants in Essex, at Fryerning}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2231662 32,34}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, whose descent has not been untraced. He is perhaps the same man; although the name is common. Elsewhere on the Gernon Honour, William occurs only 
in Hertfordshire, where there are grounds for believing that all ten Williams are one man, William of Letchworth. In view of the large number of tenancies they each held from Gernon, is possible that William of Letchworth and William }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1713244 de Alno}{\insrsid12807907  are the same man, though there are no links to confirm this. William's manors in Essex and Suffolk }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 406)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  470, where it is suggested he was probably from Aunay-sur-Odon in Lower Normandy (Calvados: arrondissement Vire), the area where the Gernon fee is located.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WILLIAM [* DEVEREUX *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Williams who held the valuable manors of Eastleach and Hatherop in Gloucestershire from Roger of Lacy}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4337265 GLS 39,13}{
\insrsid12807907 -14}}}{\insrsid12807907  are probably William Devereux, who gave tithes in those vills to St Peter's of Gloucester: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4337265 Regesta}{\insrsid12807907 
, ii. no. xlia, p. 410. He also donated a hide in Herefordshire, where Roger had several tenants named William. Of these, the Williams at Putley, Maund, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4337265 Elnodestune}{\insrsid12807907  and Street}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
HEF 10,4;6;17;41}}}{\insrsid12807907  are probably Devereux, whose}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid276071 descendants held land in those vills: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid276071 Herefordshire Domesday}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid276071 , p. 42; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid276071 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid276071 , pp. 801, 804-}{\insrsid12807907 806, 8
17-18. Dr Keats-Rohan suggests he also held four hides from Roger in his castlery of Ewyas Harold and the manor of Grendon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 10,1;72}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, which would account for all Roger's tenants of this name apart from the William at Staunton, a manor later held by the Baskerville family: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid276071 Herefordshire Domesday}{\insrsid12807907 
, p. 49, 102. It is not unlikely that Devereux held land in the castlery, probably only a few miles from his lost manor of }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4337265 Elnodestune}{\insrsid12807907 
 in the Golden Valley; Grendon was later held by a family which took its name from the vill: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid276071 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 806. William probably came from Evreux in Upper Normandy (Eure). His manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 4391)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  474; the tenant of Staunton is unidentified (no. 30365).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 EARL [* WILLIAM OF WARENNE *]. }{\insrsid12807907 
There are two references in Domesday Book which appear to describe William of Warenne as an earl, significant because much of the discussion of the date of Domesday Book revolve around these entries, provoking debates as yet unresolved.
\par \tab William of Warenne is believed to have been created earl of Surrey by William Rufus at some time between September 1087 and his death on 24 June 1088, yet Domesday Book appears to describe Warenne as an earl once on his Sussex fief}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUS 12,9}}}{\insrsid12807907  and at Woodwalton in Huntingdonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HUN 14,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Both entries are, however, open to other interpretations. In Sussex, the relevant entry begins: '}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid4334955 Nigel holds }{\insrsid12807907 'Orleswick'}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4334955  from the Earl}{\insrsid12807907 ', instead of the expected formulae '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4334955 Nigel holds }{\insrsid12807907 
'Orleswick'}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4334955  from }{\insrsid12807907 William'. The entry,
 however, is one of fifty-five successive cases, this particular one involving another earl, Earl Godwin, so the scribe may have nodded momentarily, repeating 'earl' when he should have written 'William', as in preceding and succeeding entries. If the scr
ibe was aware that Warenne was an earl}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , it is }{\insrsid12807907 bizarre}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  that he gave no indication of this }{\insrsid12807907 on the remainder of his large}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Sussex }{\insrsid12807907 fief}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 \tab The Huntingdonshire entry is }{\insrsid12807907 as}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  ambiguous. At Woodwalton, the tenant-in-chief, Hugh of Bolbec, is said to hold his one manor from Earl William. }{\insrsid12807907 
The only Earl William known to the Domesday scribe is Earl William son of Osbern (d. 1071); but he was long since dead by 1086 and his lands, though extensive, all lay in the south and west. Count - the same title - William of Eu succee
ded his father Robert (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13259395 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
) a few years after Domesday; but William is always William of Eu to the Domesday scribe, and the Count of Eu is always named simply by his title. Neither the deceased Earl William or the later Count William had any connection wi
th Hugh of Bolbec, nor did William of Warenne, who is the favoured candidate for }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 the 'Earl William' in question}{\insrsid12807907 , in part because his fief immediately precedes that of Hugh of Bolbec. The }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 scribe}{\insrsid12807907 , however,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  made no explicit connection between the }{\insrsid12807907 two }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 fiefs}{\insrsid12807907 , and}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  tenants-in-chief did not hold fiefs from other tenants-in-chief. Stenton's suggestion that the scribe }{\insrsid12807907 nodded, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 wr}{\insrsid12807907 iting}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  'Earl William' when he }{\insrsid12807907 intended}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  'King William' should not be dismissed, particularly in view of the fact that Warenne had no known inte
rest in Bolbec's manor at this or any other date. Warenne's manors in Huntingdonshire form a tight group, all acquired from Earl Harold; Bolbec's single manor was some distance from this group and was inherited from Saxi. On balance, Stenton's explanation
, though not conclusive, seems the most plausible explanation and Earl William of Warenne in 1086 a scribal creation.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 \tab The dating of Warenne's earldom derives from an anonymous chronicler, and two contradictory accounts by Orderic Vitalis, both written half
 a century after the event. Even if accurate, this would not necessarily supply a terminus for the writing of Domesday Book for we do not know how peerage creations were treated in the eleventh century. In the later middle ages, when procedures were presu
mably more formalised, news of the creation of peers could be circulated months before their official elevation. See further, Lewis,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14760517  }{\insrsid12807907 'E}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14760517 arldom of Surrey', }{
\insrsid12807907 pp. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14760517 329-36}{\insrsid12807907 ; Roffe, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14760517 The Inquest and the Book}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 242-48. See also William of Warenne below.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 [* EARL *] WILLIAM}{\insrsid12807907  [* SON OF OSBERN *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 William, in whose time Hugh held Sutton in Herefordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 7,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is ev
idently Earl William, alias William son of Osbern}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11617659 WOR 23,8}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, who had reshaped the feudal geography of the region in the few years before his death in 1071, many of his activities still apparent in the Domesday record.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14891124 WILLIAM [* GOULAFRE *]. The William}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14891124  who held two manors }{\insrsid12807907 at}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14891124  Gissing in Norfolk from Robert Malet}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NFK 7,7;13}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14891124  }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14891124  probably William Goulafre, Robert's tenant on several Suffolk manors, whose}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid14891124 
 descendants held land in Gissing: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14891124 Eye priory cartulary}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14891124 ,}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid14891124  ii. 58, 71. He is }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 almost certainly}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid14891124  the W Goulafre who held }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 land }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid14891124 at Kenton and Martley }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 in Suffolk }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid14891124 from Robert}{
\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 
\tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 SUF 6,271;293}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid14891124 , no other landowner in Domesday having this byname.}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  His}{\insrsid12807907  manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 
recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 294)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  491.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WILLIAM }{\insrsid12807907 [* }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LEOFRIC}{\insrsid12807907  *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 William son of Richard, who held a small fief in Berkshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
BRK 28,1-3}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is identified as William Leofric through his predecessor, Asgot }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14891124 of Hailes}{\insrsid12807907  (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14891124 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
), from whom he acquired fiefs in Oxfordshire, Gloucestershire and Essex and probably the manor of Coleshill in Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 49,1a}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, his entire Honour. That William Leofric is William son of Richard is confirmed by the descent of his Berkshire manors with those in other counties: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5053929 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 50; }{\i\insrsid12807907 Round, 
}{\insrsid12807907 'Domesday survey of Berkshire', p. 320. Dr Williams suggests that Asgot was his father, though the Berkshire entry would seem to preclude this: 'Introduction to the Gloucestershire Domesday', p. 34. His manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 331)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  492, apar
t from those in Berkshire, assigned to William son of Richard, identified as another man (no. 516): }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 488. Coleshill does not appear to be included in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2890754 Coel}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WILLIAM [* LOVET *]. The Lovet}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held Theobald Street and 'Rodhanger' in Hertfordshire from Geoffrey of Bec}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 34,2;8}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 and Great Glen in Leicestershire from }{\insrsid12807907 Hugh of Grandmesnil}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 13,58}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 may be William Lovet, a minor tenant-in-chief in Bedfordshire, Berkshire, Leicestershire and Northamptonshire. The Domesday scribe did occasionally }{\insrsid12807907 name}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 landholders simply by their bynames, and the location of these }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  fits the pattern of Lovet's tenancies-in-chief. Great Glen is a few miles from his }{\insrsid12807907 manor}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Theddingworth, as is Rodhanger from Flitwick and Crawley. Theobald Street was acquired from a dependant of the }{\insrsid12807907 abbey of}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  St Albans, to which Lovet subsequently granted Flitwick. The descent of Lovet's tenancies-in-chief is unknown before the end of the twelfth century}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 so little can be deduced from them about the descent of his tenancies elsewhere, which are also obscure}{\insrsid12807907 , possibly due to interrupted descent}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VCH Bedfordshire}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , iii. 284; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VCH Berkshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , iv. 91; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VCH Leicestershire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , v. 103-104, 314-15.

\par \tab }{\insrsid12807907 Dr }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11352544 Keats-Rohan}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  suggests that }{\insrsid12807907 in addition to Great Glen, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 William held Thurmaston in Leicestershire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LEC 13,6}{\insrsid12807907 2}}}{\insrsid12807907  and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Ladbroke}{\insrsid12807907  in Warwickshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WAR 1}{\insrsid12807907 
8,9}}}{\insrsid12807907  from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Hugh of Grandmesnil}{\insrsid12807907 , in which case he may also have held tenancies in Ladbroke from the Count of Meulan and Thorkil of Warwick}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 16,47. 17,23}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Thurmaston, and some if not all of the Ladbroke manors, suffered interrupted descents, Ladbroke being re-granted to a family of that name, while Thurmaston was in the hands of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 the}{\insrsid12807907 
 Canons of St Mary of Leicester}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  at the time of the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Leicestershire Survey}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 (}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 pp. 16,}{
\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 39}{\insrsid12807907 ):}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VCH Warwickshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , vi. 144}{\insrsid12807907 . William's manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 339)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  492, apart from Thur
maston and two of the three manors in Ladbroke, whose tenants are unidentified (nos. 26333, 28366) or, in the case of one of the Ladbroke manors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WAR 16,47}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, assigned to the demesne of the tenant-in-chief.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WILLIAM [* MALBANK *]. The William}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held ten of the eleven }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 on the fief of Earl Hugh of Chester in Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 DO}{\insrsid12807907 R 27,2-11}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , three o}{\insrsid12807907 f four in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 18,1-3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 and two of the six in Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 22,1;5}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\insrsid12807907 are probably William Malbank,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  one of Earl Hugh's principal tenants in Cheshire}{\insrsid12807907 , named in}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the }{\insrsid12807907 Geld Roll}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  for Dorset and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 identified }{\insrsid12807907 by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 the descent of his }{
\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14774786 VCH Dorset}{\insrsid12807907 , iii. 132-33; }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 Farrer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 Honors}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , i}{\insrsid12807907 i.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  284-88}{\insrsid12807907 ; Lewis, 'Honour of Chester', p. 59}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . He }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{
\insrsid12807907 probably also the earl'}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 s tenant at Brickhill in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 13,4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , and the tenant of Earl Roger of Shrewsbury at Alstonfield and its dependencie
s in Staffordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 8,28-31}}}{\insrsid12807907 , where his descendants had interests}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 : }{\insrsid12807907 Farrer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Honor}{\i\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
, i}{\insrsid12807907 i.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  16-18, 261-62. He held a fief from Earl Roger in Shropshire, where h}{\insrsid12807907 is byname is supplied}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . In Cheshire}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  he is probably the William who }{\insrsid12807907 held}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Wepre}{\insrsid12807907  from the Canons of Chester}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
, a vill in which he held in chief}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS A21}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ; of the }{\insrsid12807907 bishop of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Chester at Wybunbury in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Warmundestrou}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Hundred, where his fief was heavily concentrated; and of Earl Hugh at Eastham, which he shared with several other of }{\insrsid12807907 the earl}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 's major tenants}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CH
S B8. 1,22}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Finally, since the bishop had only two lay tenants on his fief, both named William, it is }{\insrsid12807907 likely}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  he }{\insrsid12807907 is}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  the }{\insrsid12807907 tenant}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 at Tarvin}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS B4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 : Tait, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Domesday }{\i\insrsid12807907 s}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 urvey of Cheshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , pp. 89, 91, 101, 111. }{\insrsid12807907 William's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are 
}{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 780)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 pp. 492-93}{\insrsid12807907 
, apart from the tenants in Buckinghamshire, Somerset and Wiltshire and on the manors of Tarvin, Wybunbury and Eastham in Cheshire, all of whom are unidentified (nos. 1255, 14736-38, 16789, 16793, 28627, 28631, 28622).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WILLIAM [* MALET *]. Malet}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 
{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS CW31-32}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , W Malet (}{\insrsid12807907 frequent in Little Domesday}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ), or plain William, can 
be identified as William Malet by one of }{\insrsid12807907 several}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  characteristics: he was the father of Robert Malet (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 )}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  often named in relation to }{\insrsid12807907 his son}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and their common predecessor, Edric of Laxfield (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
); he was dead before 1086, 'the day he died' being }{\insrsid12807907 often}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  mentioned in relation to title to his estates}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 7,146. 67,29-30}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ; }{
\insrsid12807907 he is the only possible W Malet in Domesday Book; }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 and he held land in England before 1066}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 14,29}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
, a characteristic sufficiently uncommon among his namesakes to identify him as the William who preceded Roger of Poitou at Elsham and its dependency in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 16,33-34}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
, and Alfred of Lincoln at Linwood, Rasen and Rothwell in the same county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 27,7-9;14}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 As}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  he }{\insrsid12807907 is}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  believed to have been entrusted by the Conqueror with buryin
g the body of Harold after Hastings, the question of whether William Malet held land in England before the Conquest is a contentious one, and it has been suggested that the statement that he 'had' land in Alkborough}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 14,29}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  might refer to a date between 1066 and his death in 1071 }{\insrsid12807907 rather the before 1066: }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Ha}{\insrsid12807907 rt, 'William Malet and his family', pp. 135-37}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . This would be an unusual }{\insrsid12807907 though}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  not }{\insrsid12807907 unique}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  usage; but if the William who }{\insrsid12807907 preceded}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Alfred of Lincoln was William Malet, this argument }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 unconvincing}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  because }{\insrsid12807907 his manors}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  were held together with other men with unmistakably }{\insrsid12807907 English}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  names, Grimkel and Asfrith}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  so 'had' in that context 
}{\insrsid12807907 is likely to be pre-}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Conquest. This might suggest that the William of these entries is another pre-Conquest William; but }{\insrsid12807907 
there is a further reason to connect these holdings with William Malet}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 : all lay in vills in which }{\insrsid12807907 his kinsman Durand}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  held land in 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 44,10-11;19}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . It may also be relevant that Alfred of Lincoln married a daughter of William Malet. The }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  of Roger of Poitou also lay within five miles of Durand}{
\insrsid12807907 's manor a}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 t Searby}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 44,7}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Durand's relationship to William and }{\insrsid12807907 Robert}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  is unknown but believed to be close (Hart, }{\insrsid12807907 'William Malet and his family'}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , p. 146), the most recent suggestion being that }{\insrsid12807907 Durand}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  was William's son: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Oxford DNB}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , xxxv}{\insrsid12807907 i.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  312-13.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WILLIAM [* }{\insrsid12807907 MAUDUIT}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The tenant of Abingdon abbey at Weston in Berkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 7,14}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15347751 
 is identified as William Maud}{\insrsid12807907 u}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15347751 it in }{\insrsid12807907 the abbey's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15347751  chronicle: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15347751 Historia Ecclesie Abbendonensis}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid15347751 , ii.}{\insrsid12807907  198-99. It is possible, though perhaps unlikely, that he is also the abbey's tenant at Bessels Leigh}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 7,20}}}{\insrsid12807907 , named William the chamberlai
n of London in the chronicle, Maudit being a royal chamberlain, succeeded in that office by his two sons: Green, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1919770 Government of }{\i\insrsid12807907 England}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 261-62. Mauduit was a tenant-in-chief in Hampshire, where his family has left its mark on the landscape at Hartley Mauditt}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 35,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. As his lands and office seem to have been firmly rooted in Hampshire and attached to the chamberlainship at Winchester, it is unlikely he was the chamberlain of London; the Abingdon chronicler makes no connection between the two Williams: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15347751 Historia}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7485729 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15347751 ii.}{\insrsid12807907 
 186-89, 382. The abbey also had another William among its tenants in Rowbury Hundred, where Weston lay; but it is unlikely that William Mauduit is the same man as William of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14549018 Jumi\'e8ges}{\insrsid12807907 
, their family origins}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14549018  }{\insrsid12807907 being in different d\'e9partements of Upper Normandy, the Mauduits coming from Saint-Martin-du-Bosc (Eure: arrondissement les Andelys): Loyd, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1391730 Some Anglo-Norman families}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 62. Improbable as it appears, it seems that the abbey had three tenants named William within the confines of one small county. William's manors are recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 345)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907 , p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  493.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WILLIAM [* OF AUDRIEU *]. William}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held Blandford in Dorset from William of Eu}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 34,6}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  probably William of Audrieu}{\insrsid12807907 , named in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the }{\insrsid12807907 
Geld Roll as owing tax in Combsditch Hundred where}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 Blandford lay}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VCH Dorset}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
, iii. 135. William of Audrieu was a tenant of William of Eu }{\insrsid12807907 at Littleton and Compton }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 in Wiltshire where William }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 de Aldeleio}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 is named in the }{\insrsid12807907 Geld Roll}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  for Rowborough Hundred as one of the two sons-in-law of Robert Blunt}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  whose }{\insrsid12807907 manor}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  at Lavington }{\insrsid12807907 in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Rowborough they shared: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VCH Wiltshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , ii. 192. }{\insrsid12807907 
According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, William was the steward and cousin by marriage of William of Eu, hanged for suspected complicity in the latter's treason in 1096. William's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 
recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 405)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 470}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 [* BISHOP *] WILLIAM }{\insrsid12807907 OF }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BEAUFOUR. }{\insrsid12807907 William }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2234408 Belfou}{\insrsid12807907  or }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6577536 
de Belfou}{\insrsid12807907  who held churches on the royal manors of Blewbury in Berkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2234408 BRK 1,5}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Marlborough in Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15822611 
WIL 1,23i}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is probably the royal clerk, William }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6577536 de}{\insrsid12807907  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2234408 Beaufa}{\i\insrsid12807907 i,}{\insrsid12807907 
 nominated bishop of Thetford (1085-1091) at the Christmas court where the Domesday Inquest was launched. He is also Bishop W, who occurs often on the Norfolk fief of the bishops of Thetford. Elsewhere, Bishop W may be identified by association wit
h other bishops of the see}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 1,57;68;128. SUF }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2234408 14,101;121}}}{\insrsid12807907 . William's manors and those of the bishopric of Thetford }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 139)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  482-83.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WILLIAM }{\insrsid12807907 [* }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OF BOSC}{\insrsid12807907  *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 
W of Bosc, who held 'the whole of this' group of six consecutive holdings in Carlford Hundred in Suffolk is almost certainly William of Bosc, tenant of Ranulf brother of Ilger on the previous manor}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 39,5-11}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. He was also Ranulf's tenant at Mountnessing in Essex and he is possibly the William and the W who held the two following manors, in the same Hundred}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 37,18-19}}}{\insrsid12807907 . The scribe normally used 
extreme abbreviation of names only when their expansion was obvious, so the W at Ingrave and St Lawrence on the same fief may also be William of Bosc}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 37,1;14}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, though Ranulf had a Walter at Yeldham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 37,13}}}{\insrsid12807907 . The one other William on Ranulf's Honour, at Stagenhoe in Hertfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 25,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, may be William of Bosc, he being Ranulf's only tenant in the county and Stagenhoe of comparable status to William's Essex and Suffolk manors. William was also a tenant of Roger Bigot on three manors in Suffolk. His manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 437)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  471.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WILLIAM [* OF BOSC-LE-HARD *]. The }{\insrsid12807907 Williams}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held land at Clifton Reynes in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 18,3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
, South Croxton and Stathern i}{\insrsid12807907 n Leicestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 15,11;16}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and Tallington in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 18,12}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 from Robert of Tosny }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  probably }{\insrsid12807907 William}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  of Bosc-le-Hard, }{\insrsid12807907 identified by}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  assoc}{
\insrsid12807907 iation with his brother}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 Roger. T}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 he}{\insrsid12807907 y}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 shared}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Clifton Reynes}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 there named as brothers, and so may be the William and Roger who held joint}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  tenancies from }{
\insrsid12807907 Robert in the other three vills, and also the pair who shared a second manor in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Stathern from Geoffrey de la Guerche}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 29,18}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, there identified by a charter in the Belvoir cartulary: Stenton, 'Domesday survey of Leicestershire', p. 293}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 William is probably also t}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 he one other unidentified }{
\insrsid12807907 William on the Tosny Honour, at Barkby in Leicestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 LEC 15,1}{\insrsid12807907 0}}}{\insrsid12807907 , which was}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{
\insrsid12807907 later }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 held }{\insrsid12807907 from}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the heirs of Robert of Tosny}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 by a Peter of Lincoln}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 other }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  of the two brothers: }{\i\insrsid12807907 Book of Fees,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 pp. 953-54. }{\insrsid12807907 William's manors in Buckinghamshire and Lincolnshire }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 
(no. 439)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  471; the }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Tosny }{\insrsid12807907 tenants in Leicestershire are unidentified (nos. 26399, 26401, 26416), and the tenant at Stathern identified as another man, here named William of Queniborough.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid95217 W[ILLIAM] OF BOURNEVILLE. W of Bourneville at Levington, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid95217 Kuluertestuna}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid95217  and Stratton in Suffolk is evidently }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid95217 
William of Bourneville, Roger Bigot's tenant on the preceding and following manors}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 SUF 7,117-121}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 ,}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid95217  }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 named in full}{
\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid95217  }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 on four other Bigot manors}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid95217  in East Anglia}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 . He also occurs as }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid95217 W of Bourneville}{\insrsid12807907 
 at Gislingham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 1,11}}}{\insrsid12807907  and as a subtenant of Isaac at }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid95217 Redles}{\cs23\i\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 62,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. The byname does not occur elsewhere in Domesday Book. }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid95217 William}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 's}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid95217  }{\insrsid12807907 manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 
recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 604)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  472.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid95217 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par WILLIAM }{\insrsid12807907 [* }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OF BOUVILLE}{\insrsid12807907  *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 W of Bouville}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 21,95. 32,20}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, a man of Geoffrey de Mandeville in Suffolk, is almost certainly the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7758110 William son of Saswalo of Bouville}{\insrsid12807907  named as Geoffrey's tenant at 'Finesford'}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 32,21-31}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. He held several other manors in the county from Geoffrey under one of his aliases, as Saswalo's son}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 32,13-15}}}{\insrsid12807907 , or 'of Bouville'}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 32,1-2;19}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, his byname as a tenant of the bishop of Bayeux}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 16,11}}}{\insrsid12807907 . He may also be the William who held the manors of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16723029 Dunmow, Roding and Shellow Bowells }{\insrsid12807907 in Dunmow Hundred }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid16723029 in Essex }{\insrsid12807907 from William}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 30,36;40-41}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and possibly also Ardleigh}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 30,20}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, which lay between the Dunmow manors and those in Suffolk, the Bouville lands being later farmed by an Adam of Dunmow in the Pipe Roll of 1130}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 30,20;36;40-41}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Saswalo of Bouville (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7758110 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ) was also a Mandeville tenant. William's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 421)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16723029 in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16723029 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16723029 , p. 471.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 W[ILLIAM] OF CAEN. W of Caen, who held Framlingham in Suffolk from Roger Bigot, is the William who 'also' held Dallinghoo, the following entry}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 6,264-265}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
. William of Caen held Thrandeston from Roger}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 6,67}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . It is possible that the William of these entries is a scribal error for Walter of Caen (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 q.v.}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ), a major tenant of Roger Bigot w}{\insrsid12807907 hose manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  at Bredfield }{\insrsid12807907 and Eye }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 are }{\insrsid12807907 two and four miles}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  respectively}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 from Dallinghoo and }{\insrsid12807907 Thrandeston}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . William's manor of Thrandeston is recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 2662) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, p. 472, where Framlingham is allocated to Walter and the tenant at Dallinghoo is unidentified (no. 12186).
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6239916 WILLIAM [* OF CAILLY *]. The descent of his manors suggests that the William who held Denver in Norfolk from William of Warenne, and }{\insrsid12807907 the Warenne}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6239916 
 tenant W at Hillborough, Cockley Cley and Bradenham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 8,18;91-93}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6239916 , may be William of Cailly, named as a Warenne tenant at Trumpington in Cambridgeshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 18,7}}}{\insrsid12807907  }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid6239916 and a}{\insrsid12807907 s a}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6239916  juror in Thriplow Hundred in the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6239916 Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6239916 
 (ed. Hamilton, pp. 43, 50): Farrer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6239916 Honors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6239916 , iii. 382-8}{\insrsid12807907 5}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6239916 . He held Heacham }{\insrsid12807907 and Illington }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid6239916 in}{\insrsid12807907  Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 8,47;58}}}{\insrsid12807907  at a later date, though the form of the Domesday entries implies these were held in demesne in 1086: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13512098 Early Yorkshire charters}{\insrsid12807907 , vii. 109-11. He was probably from Cailly in Upper Normandy (Seine-Maritime: arrondissement Rouen). His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 
recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 6632)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  472-73, with the addition of Heacham and Illington, he
re assigned to the Warenne demesne.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WILLIAM [* OF CHERNET *]. The identity of the William who held South Charford and }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Clatinges}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  from Hugh of Port}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 23,1-2}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  is established by }{\insrsid12807907 the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  claim }{\insrsid12807907 of William of Chernet }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 for 2 1/2 virgates which he alleged belonged to his }{
\insrsid12807907 manor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in South Charford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 23,3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Clatinges}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 was held by the same William}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  both duplicated later in the fief}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 23,53-54}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{
\insrsid12807907 He is probably the William }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4597006 Orenet}{\insrsid12807907  - presumably a scribal error - who }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 held land from Hugh at M}{\insrsid12807907 ilton in the New Forest}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
HAM NF10,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 . According to }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4597006 Exon}{\insrsid12807907 ., his name was William Chernet - without the particle - a tenant of the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 wife of Hugh son of G}{\insrsid12807907 
rip in Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 55,10;13-14}}}{\insrsid12807907 . }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8214118 De Chernet}{\insrsid12807907  is the normal form among his descendants. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 300)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  473, where his byname is identified as a toponym and his place of origin as }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Carnet in }{\insrsid12807907 Lower }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Normandy (Manche: arrondissement Avranches).}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WILLIAM [* OF DAUMERAY *]. }{\insrsid12807907 William,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held Graston in Dorset from the wife of Hugh son of Grip}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{
\insrsid12807907 is probably}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 the William of Daumeray who according to }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16531770 Exon}{\insrsid12807907 . held }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Sturthill, }{
\insrsid12807907 the previous entry}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 55,19-20}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 He}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  also held Walditch as a royal thane, all three }{\insrsid12807907 
manors lying in the same Hundred}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  within a few miles of each other. Sturthill and Graston }{\insrsid12807907 were held together from the heir of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 the wife of Hugh son of Grip}{
\insrsid12807907  by}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  William }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 de Gouiz}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 in the thirteenth century, as from the Conquest: }{\i\insrsid12807907 Book of Fees,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  p. 93. }{\insrsid12807907 According to }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16531770 Exon}{\insrsid12807907 ., William}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  was }{\insrsid12807907 also }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
a tenant of Roger of Courseulles in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 21,36-37}}}{\insrsid12807907 )}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Both tenants-in-chief had several other Williams among their tenants. William's manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 627)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , }{\insrsid12807907 pp. 473-74, apart from Graston, whose tenant is unidentified (no. 2947).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 W}{\insrsid12807907 [}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ILLIAM] OF ECOUIS. }{\insrsid12807907 W of Ecouis, who held Sharpstone in Suffolk from Ely abbey}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 21,27}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is almost certainly the William of Ecouis who held a second manor from the abbey. He was a tenant-in-chief in Suffolk and several other counties, and the only landowner in Domesday Book with this byname. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 736)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  479-80.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WILLIAM [* OF JUMI}{\insrsid12807907 E}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 GES *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The tenant of the abbey of Abingdon at Chieveley in Berkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 7,12}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14549018 
 is }{\insrsid12807907 named}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14549018  William of Jumi\'e8ges in }{\insrsid12807907 its}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14549018  chronicle}{\insrsid12807907 , where it is recorded that the land was in a place called Bradley}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14549018 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14549018 Historia Ecclesie Abbendonensis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14549018 , ii. 136-37, 188-}{\insrsid12807907 91}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14549018 . }{\insrsid12807907 Thomas of }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14549018 Jumi\'e8ges }{\insrsid12807907 (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3425462 Gimeges}{\insrsid12807907 ), presumably his descendant, held a half-fee from the abbey in the thirteenth century: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3425462 
Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 844, 846, 853. The abbey had another William among its tenants in Rowbury Hundred, where Chieveley lay. It is unlikely, however, that William Mauduit is the same man as William of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14549018 
Jumi\'e8ges}{\insrsid12807907  (Seine-Maritime: arrondissement Rouen), their family origins}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14549018  }{\insrsid12807907 being in different d\'e9partements of Upper Normandy. William's }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14549018 
manor is recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14549018 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14549018  (no. 1646) and referenced in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
, p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  474-75.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WILLIAM [* OF KEYNES *]. }{\insrsid12807907 William, whose block of manors as a tenant of the Count of Mortain in Northamptonshire are said to be one man in the text}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 18,42-66}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is almost certainly William of Keynes, whose descendants held several of them in the Northamptonshire Survey. He was a minor tenant-in-chief in the county and sheriff there: Green, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid658032 English sheriffs}{\insrsid12807907 
, p. 63. It is unlikely, however, that he is the Count's tenant at Spratton and Grafton Regis in the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 18,88-89}}}{\insrsid12807907 , the remaining Williams on the Mortain fief. The fie
f is largely organised by tenants, and these manors were held in demesne or in the hands of the earl of Leicester in the Northamptonshire Survey: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5430 VCH Northamptonshire}{\insrsid12807907 
, i. 374, 381. William of Keynes is also named as the Count's tenant on several manors in Sussex, where the descent of Eastbourne, Itford, Folkington, 'Sidnor', Selmeston, 'Renching', Langney, Eckington, Horstead Keynes and Birchgrove}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1007763 10,2;11;42;53;78;80;}{\insrsid12807907 89;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1007763 109-110}}}{\insrsid12807907  suggest he is the William on those manors too: Salzman, 'William de Cahag
nes', pp. 181-202; Round, 'Some early grants', p. 71. Williams are numerous on this fief; and as the Count appears to have no other significant tenant of this name in Sussex, several other Williams there may be William of Keynes. Dr Keats-Rohan suggests t
hat this is the case at Burley, 'Warley' and }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5715084 Sperchedene}{\cs23\i\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 10,99-101}}}{\insrsid12807907 , all held by one man. She does not give her reasons; but as }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5430 Burleigh}{
\insrsid12807907  was acquired from an Alfhere, both of whose other manors on the Count's Honour were enfeoffed to William of Keynes, this is not unlikely. William's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 607)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  472, apart from Itford, Folkington and 'Renching' in Sussex, whose tenants are unidentified (nos. 15977, 16028, 16072), as are the tenants at Spra
tton and Grafton in Northamptonshire (nos. 27127, 27129).}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid5715084 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WILLIAM [* OF LESTRE *]. William who held Catherston Leweston and }{\insrsid12807907 'also' }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Corscombe in Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 26,64-65}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 from the Count of Mortain }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 named}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  William of Lestre in the }{\insrsid12807907 Geld Roll}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  for Whitchurch Hundred
}{\insrsid12807907  where Catherston lay}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VCH Dorset}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , iii. 125}{\insrsid12807907 -26. A}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ccording to }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Exon}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907 , he was}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  a tenant of the Count }{\insrsid12807907 at Tattiscombe }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 in Devon}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
DEV 15,56}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and }{\insrsid12807907 Bickenhall in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 19,27}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 h}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 e probably held Knighton and Hooke in Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 26,45;59}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{
\insrsid12807907 and Poyntinton in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 19,76}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  from the Count}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 since }{\insrsid12807907 Richard and William of Lestre}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 had land}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in those vills}{\insrsid12807907  in the thirteenth century}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid5641972 Monasticon}{
\insrsid12807907 , v. 167; }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8214004 Two }{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907 c}{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid8214004 hartularies}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 125-26; }{\i\insrsid12807907 Book of Fees,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 pp. 87, 92, 424. }{\insrsid12807907 His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 779)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 475, with the addition of Bhompston}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 26,6}}}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WILLIAM [* OF LETCHWORTH *]. The William}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held ten of the thirteen }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 on the fief of Robert Gernon in Hertfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 20,2-7;9-12}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  probably William of Letchworth}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 the juror of Broadwater}{\insrsid12807907  Hundred }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 where }{\insrsid12807907 six}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  of the }{\insrsid12807907 manors - including }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Letchworth}{
\insrsid12807907  - lay: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Inquisitio Eliensis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  (ed. Hamilton, p. 100). Robert Gernon's lands were in the hands of the Montfichet family by the reign of Henry I}{\insrsid12807907 
, apparently}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  by royal grant}{\insrsid12807907 ; }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15150746 Sanders, }{\i\insrsid12807907 English baronies}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , p. 83}{\insrsid12807907 ; }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VCH Essex}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , i.}{\insrsid12807907  347}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . This may have affected the descent of the tenancies, which were }{\insrsid12807907 held by}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the Argentan family and a cadet branch of the Montfichets }{\insrsid12807907 in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the thirteenth century: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VCH Hertfordshire}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , iii. 63, 86-87, 120-22, 143-44, 189-90, 286}{\insrsid12807907 ; }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Lewis, 'Domesday }{\insrsid12807907 j}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 urors', p. 40}{\insrsid12807907 
. In view of the large number of tenancies they each held from Gernon, is possible that William of Letchworth and William }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1713244 de Alno}{\insrsid12807907 
 in Suffolk are the same man, though there are no links to confirm this. William's Hertfordshire manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }
{\insrsid12807907 (no. 8722)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  475.

\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WILLIAM [* OF MOHUN *]. }{\insrsid12807907 William, who 'acquired' several royal manors in Somerset according to }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6970354 Exon}{\insrsid12807907 .}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 1,14-19}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is very probably William of Mohun, who held a number of other royal manors according to Domesday Book or }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7881419 Exon}{\insrsid12807907 .}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 1,13;17;21-25}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7881419 ;3}{
\insrsid12807907 1}}}{\insrsid12807907 . He may be the William the sheriff who accounted for the royal revenue of Cheddar in 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 1,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 , as he was certain
ly sheriff of the county at some point in the Conqueror's reign: Green, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7881419 English sheriffs}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 73. He was a tenant-in-chief in the county, and also in Devon, Dorset and Wiltshire. His manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 681)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  476, with the addition of Holton and Rushton in Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 37,3;9}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, though the text attributes Holton to the tenant-in-chief, William of Braose, the Rushton entry - 'W also holds' - referring either to him or to the tenant of the previous entry, Walter. }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14897881 Coel}{\insrsid12807907 
 also includes Hammoon in Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 36,5}}}{\insrsid12807907 , a demesne manor in Domesday Book but assigned to a }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14897881 Turstin}{\insrsid12807907  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14897881 Exon}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WILLIAM }{\insrsid12807907 [* }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OF NOYERS}{\insrsid12807907  *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 
W of Noyers, who occurs in relation to several royal manors and on the fief of the bishop of Thetford in Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7881419 1,63;79. 9,167. 10,13;31}{\insrsid12807907 -32}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7881419 
;42;56;64;68;73-74;77. 16,5}}}{\insrsid12807907  can only be William of Noyers, who farmed many ro
yal manors in East Anglia and is named as the bishop's tenant on several others. He is probably also the W who held part of the manor of Saxlingham from the bishop}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 10,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, the bishop having no other tenants in the county whose name begins with this initial; and he is perhaps the William who held South Elmham in Suffolk from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 the bishop}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 19,16}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, the one other William on his Honour. He held the following manor and managed several royal manors in the same Hundred. His byname is borne by a Robert in Buckinghamshire and a Huard in Cambridgeshire, a juror there. His manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 690)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  476-77, apart from Elmham, whose tenant is unidentified (no. 13140).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WILLIAM }{\insrsid12807907 [* }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 OF PARTHENAY}{\insrsid12807907  *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 W of Parthenay, who held part of Shernborne in Norfolk from }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid8200797 Peter of Valognes}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 66,88}}}{\insrsid12807907 , can only be William of Parthenay, responsible for annexing a group of manors in Suffolk belonging to Bury St Edmunds}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 76,8-12}}}{\insrsid12807907 
; no other landowner bore this byname. Although the forename is very common, it is not unlikely that he is the William who held Babingley and perhaps also Barney from Peter of Valognes, five and twenty miles respectively from Shernborne}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NFK 34,1;17}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; Peter had only one other William on his Honour, and there is only one more unidentifie
d William in the three Norfolk Hundreds concerned. The tenant at Babingley is named William of Babingley and William of Rudham in the Valognes foundation charter for Binham priory (where he is the only William with an endowment), but local, alternative by
names are not uncommon and might be regarded as part of the process of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10553678 integration: Dugdale, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10553678 Monasticon}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10553678 , iii. 345-46, no 1. }{\insrsid12807907 
Peter's tenant at Rudham was }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14897881 Thorgisl}{\insrsid12807907  according to Domesday Book}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14897881 NFK 34,11}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , so there had presumably been some re-arrangement of the Valognes' tenancies. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10553678 William's manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid10553678 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10553678  (no.}{
\insrsid12807907  705)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 478, apart from Babingley, whose tenant is identified as another man (no. 3674), referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 470, and Barney, whose tenant is unidentified (no. 10878). }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14897881 Coel}{\insrsid12807907 
 comments on William of Parthenay that 'the context suggests that he was associated with Roger Bigot'; that it is likely that Parthenay is an error for Pentney, a Bigot manor held by Robert of Vaux who was 'perhaps' William's
 son; and that William was not necessarily alive in 1086. None of this is evident from the text.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\tx7380\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WILLIAM [* OF PERCY *]. }{\insrsid12807907 
William, who held the large manor of Catton in Yorkshire from Earl Hugh of Chester}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 4E2}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is almost certainly William of Percy, his tenant at Whitby}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 4N1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 who subsequently became tenant-in-chief at Catton: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2763303 Early Yorkshire charters}{\insrsid12807907 , ii. 19
4-97; xi. 334-35. William was an important tenant-in-chief in Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, with a holding in Nottinghamshire attached to land in Lincolnshire. Outside Lincolnshire and Yorkshire, he held a fief consisting of a single manor in Hampshire, acq
uired with his wife}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16609408 HAM 25,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 . J.H. Round demonstrated that Percy's wife was Emma of Port and that the Domesday entry is an error, William being a tenant of Hugh of Port, n
ot a tenant-in-chief, as were his descendants of Hugh's: 'Domesday survey of Hampshire', p. 438. William's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 707)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  478-79.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WILLIAM <OF PICKWORTH>. The William}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held land at Ho}{\insrsid12807907 ugham, Aisby, Burton-le-Coggles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 and Pickworth from Kolsveinn of Lincoln}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 26,35;47-48;54-55}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  identified as }{\insrsid12807907 one}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{
\insrsid12807907 man}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  by their descent to Thomas of Pickworth and Jionec of Flintham in the Lincolnshire Survey: Holt, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 'Carta}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 of Richard de la Haye', p. 292. }{\insrsid12807907 William's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 9351)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 497.}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WILLIAM [* OF POITOU *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Williams who held Dunscombe, Lower Creedy and Yeadbury in Devon from Ralph of Pomeroy}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 34,33;35-37}}}{\insrsid12807907  are v
ery probably William of Poitou, his tenant at Ogwell according to }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6367037 Exon}{\insrsid12807907 .}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 34,27-28}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, five of these six manors being later held by Robert the Poitevin, the sixth - Yeadbury - 'also' held by the same William in 1086, though in the hands of another family in the thirteenth century: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14645564 Book of Fees}{
\insrsid12807907 , pp. 762, 791. William's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 796)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  494-95.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WILLIAM <OF QUENIBOROUGH>. }{\insrsid12807907 William, who held Queniborough and Burton-on-the-Wolds in Leicestershire from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11802725 Geoffrey of la Guerche}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid11802725 29,13}{\insrsid12807907 -14}}}{\insrsid12807907  - said to be one man in the text - is one of Geoffrey's two tenants of that name, the other here identified as William of Bosc-le-Hard}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 29,18}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Queniborough was subsequently held by Richard Courson in 1166, and by Ralph of Queniborough within the next two decades: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11802725 Red Book}{\insrsid12807907 , ii. 746; }{
\i\expnd1\expndtw7\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376 Charters of Mowbray}{\expnd1\expndtw7\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376 , no}{\expnd1\expndtw7\cf1\insrsid12807907 s}{\expnd1\expndtw7\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid12287376 . }{
\expnd1\expndtw7\cf1\insrsid12807907 381-82 and p. 263. }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 William's manors are recorded in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 9358), referenced in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 497}{\insrsid12807907 , with the addition of Stathern}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WILLIAM [* OF ROLLESTON *]. }{\insrsid12807907 William, who held Sinfin in Derbyshire from Henry of Ferrers, is probably the William of Rolleston}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 6,90}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 who granted tithes in that vill to the Ferrers' foundation of Tutbury priory: }{\i\insrsid12807907 Cartulary of Tutbury priory}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 65. Rolleston is presumably Rolleston}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14053988 -on-Dove}{\insrsid12807907 
 in Staffordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14053988 STS 10,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 , though Henry's manor there was held in demesne; he had no land in the
 Nottinghamshire or Leicestershire Rollestons, and no Williams held land there either. Ferrers had no other tenants named William, and there were no more in the county. William's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 
recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 2981)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  479.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WILLIAM [* OF SAI *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Williams who held Moreton Say and Lowe in Shropshire from Roger of Lacy}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,8,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 may be William of Sai, whose descendants were Lacy tenants at Stokesay and elsewhere; a William of Sai occurs in an Evesham satellite text of the late eleventh century (Evesham K). Roger had no other Williams among his tenants in the county, and all 
but one of those elsewhere}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 
on his Honour may be identified as William Devereux, the exception being his tenant at Staunton-on-Wye in Herefordshire, a manor held by the Baskervilles in the twelfth century: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8023944 Herefordshire Domesday}{
\insrsid12807907 , pp. 49, 102. Other Williams in that county are probably William Pandolf, apart from the tenant of Gerard of Tournai at Hatton. William's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 8234)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  479; the tenants at Hatton and Staunton are unidentified (nos. 31059, 30365).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WILLIAM }{\insrsid12807907 <OF UTLEY>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 The Williams who held Utley, Keighley, Oakworth and Newsholme before the Conquest}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 1E63-64;66-67}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are almost certainly one man; the manors forming a tight cluster in Craven. It is difficult to account for a William in this remote area in 1066. It is just possible he is William Malet, who probably held land in Lincolnshire at this dat
e; but there is no reference to his presence in Yorkshire in 1066 in the numerous references to him in the Yorkshire Claims. He did, however, hold land at some point in Yeadon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid4351569 YKS CW2}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , eleven miles from Keighley.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 [* WILLIAM OF *] VATTEVILLE. W of Vatteville, tenant of William of Warenne at Roding in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 22,7}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , is }{
\insrsid12807907 very }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 probably William of Vatteville, a Warenne tenant in Sussex, who also held a house in Colchester. He is }{\insrsid12807907 certainly }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
the Vatteville whose men claimed a manor at Lidgate in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 SUF }{\insrsid12807907 70,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , where he held in chief}{
\insrsid12807907 ; the Domesday scribes did occasionally use a byname as shorthand for a tenant's name}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 William's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  manors are recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 760) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 482.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WILLIAM [* }{\insrsid12807907 OF VERLY}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  *]. }{\insrsid12807907 William, tenant of the archbishop of York on nine holdings in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 2,1-2;5;8-10;}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid11933345 17;23;27}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is almost certainly his tenant at }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11933345 Ulleskelf}{\insrsid12807907  in Yorkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 2W6}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, William of Verly, Richard of Verly holding most of the Lincolnshire manors in the Lindsey Survey (16/4). Harpswell (2/16) and Keelby (11/21) were apparently resumed as demesne by that date, and Cuxwold was held by another tenant, Alan of Muntcell (8/10)
, but was nevertheless probably held by William of Verly in 1086 since his descendant held its dependency, in Swallow (9/9). William can also 'be certainly identified' as one of the archbishop's anonymous knights at Patrington and Winestead}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
YKS 2A1}}}{\insrsid12807907 : Farrer, 'Domesday survey of Yorkshire', p. 152. Richard and Hugh of Verly witnessed many archiepiscopal acts recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8539029 Early Yorkshire charters}{\insrsid12807907 . William's manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 2991)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  480, apart from the tenant at Harpswell, who is unidentified, and the man-at-arms in Patrington.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 W}{\insrsid12807907 [}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ILLIAM] OF WARENNE. }{\insrsid12807907 W of Warenne and W of War, who occur on many manors in Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 1,1;57;210-211. 4,3. 15,1;7-9}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid14043957 . 16,5. 31,29. 40,1. 66,68}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14043957 7,25. 21,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, can only be William of Warenne, a major landowner in East Anglia and in ten other counties. No one else in Domesday has this byname. The scribe twice names him Earl William (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3415593 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ). His manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 645)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907  480-82. See also Earl William of Warenne.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 WILLIAM [* PANDOLF *]. The Williams who held the manors of Derrington, Moddershall and Almington in Staffordshire from Earl Roger of Shrewsbury are probably William Pandolf, his tenant on the previous manor}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 STS 8,}{\insrsid12807907 20-22}}}{\insrsid12807907 . He is probably}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  also }{\insrsid12807907 the earl's tenant }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 at Dawley in Shropshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SHR 4,1,22}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . All but Moddershall descended to his heirs, barons of Wem; and as the Staffordshire fief is ordered by tenants, Moddershall }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  probably his too: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Book of Fees}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 964, 970, 975; Sanders, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 English baronies}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 4-95. William's manors are recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 2521) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, p. 493-94, apart from Dawley, whose tenant is unidentified (30710).
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 W}{\insrsid12807907 [}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ILLIAM] PECHE. }{\insrsid12807907 W Peche, a tenant of Richard son of Count Gilbert at Gestingthorpe in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 23,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is almost certainly William Peche, Richard's tenant on two manors in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 25,6;91}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and very probably W Peche, tenant of Roger Bigot at Stoke Holy Cross in Norfolk}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NFK 9,25}}}{\insrsid12807907 . He was also a subtenant of Aubrey de Vere at Belchamp Walter in Essex and a householder in Colchester}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 35,6. B3a}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. No one else in Domesday Book has this byname. William's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 1501)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  494.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WILLIAM [* PEVEREL *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 William}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who }{\insrsid12807907 held}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{
\insrsid12807907 ten}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  of the twelve }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  o}{\insrsid12807907 n}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the}{\insrsid12807907  fief of the bishop of Bayeux in }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Northamptonshire }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 probably }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 William Peverel}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 2,1}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11479035 -8;10;12}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{\insrsid12807907 though}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 the}{\insrsid12807907 se manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 were held by }{
\insrsid12807907 several}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  individuals at the time of the Northamptonshire Survey: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VCH Northamptonshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
, i. 368, 370, 371, 374, 377. Peverel is named in full on the first of the }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , at Hulcote, and held in chief in the second vill, Houghton. }{\insrsid12807907 
Although presented as normal tenancies, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 it is possible }{\insrsid12807907 i}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 n view of the anomalous status of the }{\insrsid12807907 bishop of Bayeux at the time of the Domesday}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 Survey }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 that Peverel was acting as a royal agent}{\insrsid12807907 , which would account for the subsequent dispersal of the manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}
{\insrsid12807907  He is almost certainly the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 William who held }{\insrsid12807907 a fief consisting of the single manor of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Farndish in Bedfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 42,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, his byname being supplied in the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Northamptonshire portion of the same vill}{\insrsid12807907 .
 He must be the W who claimed land against the bishop of Coutances in Raunds - which he held in chief - where the rationale of the claim by the bishop is registered}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 NTH }{\insrsid12807907 
4,1. 35,li;lj}}}{\insrsid12807907 . William's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 1504)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 494; confusingly, the fief heading in Bedfordshire is attributed to William the artificer (no. 3682), though the manor of Farndish is assigned to Peverel.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WILLIAM [* SHIELD *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Williams who held Edington and Ashton in Wiltshire from Romsey abbey are probably William Shield}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 15,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, who restored the lands he held from the nuns 'along with his daughters', presumably on their entering the nunnery: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13002365 Regesta}{\insrsid12807907 
, ii. no. 883. He held other manors in the county where his byname is recorded, and he is identified in a royal writ as the king's cook with reference to one of these, at Alton Priors: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13002365 Regesta}{\insrsid12807907 
, i. no. 270. He is possibly the same William Shield as the tenant of Robert Malet and Roger Bigot in Suffolk. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 889)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  496.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WILLIAM [* SON OF ANSCULF *]. The William}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held land at Inglewood in Berkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 65,18}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 and Bradenstoke and Clyffe }{\insrsid12807907 Pypard }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 in Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 68,23}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  probably William son of Ansculf. }
{\insrsid12807907 He held in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  chief }{\insrsid12807907 in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Bradenstoke, }{\insrsid12807907 and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 the entry for Inglewood appears to have been displaced from his Berkshire fief. The formulae 'Fulcard ... holds from William' is unusual on a collective fief, and unique on this one. }{\insrsid12807907 The other two tenants at }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Inglewood }{\insrsid12807907 - }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Alfred and Godebold }{\insrsid12807907 - }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 are }{\insrsid12807907 William's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  tenants }{
\insrsid12807907 elsewhere on his fief}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , and William held Inkpen, of which Inglewood }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  a dependency.}{\insrsid12807907  William's manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 481)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  484, apart from Inglewood, where William is identified as the king.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WILLIAM [* SON OF BOSELIN *]. }{\insrsid12807907 William, who shared Seven Stoke in Worcestershire with Boselin}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WOR 8,26c}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is probably his son. William son of Boselin had two houses in Northampton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH B16}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and Boselin's son held land at Malling in Sussex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 2,1c}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, where his father was a tenant of the Count of Mortain; he may also be the William who held four houses in Pevensey following the five held by his father}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 10,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. William gave the half-hide he held in Alfriston to Lewes priory}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 10,58}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and is 'probably' the tenant of Hailsham and Bowley in the same Hundred of Pevensey}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SUS 10,68;83;85}}}{\insrsid12807907 : Round, 'Early charters', pp. 7-78; Round and Salzmann, 'Domesday survey of Sussex', p. 380. Boselin was from Dives-sur-mer }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 in }{\insrsid12807907 Lower }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Normandy}{\insrsid12807907  (Calvados: arrondissement Lisieux): Loyd, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1391730 Some Anglo-Norman families}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 37;}{\i\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid13699272  Domesday Monachorum
}{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid13699272 ,}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  pp. 37-38. William's}{\insrsid12807907  manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 2134)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  485, apart from Seven Stoke, whose tenant is unidentified (no. 31895).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WILLIAM [* SON OF NIGEL *]. William}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  who held Pyrton in Oxfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 15,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{
\insrsid12807907 and }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Barnetby-le-Wold and its dependencies in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 13,17-20}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  from Earl Hugh of Chester}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 is identified as William son of Nigel by their descent: }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 Farrer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 Honors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
, ii. 193-95, 204-205, 250-54. He is probably also the William who held land in Neston, Raby, Aston and Clifton from the Canons of Chester}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS A13-14;17-18}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 since he held }{\insrsid12807907 in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 chief in the first three of th}{\insrsid12807907 o}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 se vills, and Clifton }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 surrounded by several of his }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 : Tait, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Domesday }{\i\insrsid12807907 s}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 urvey of Cheshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
, pp. 97, 99. }{\insrsid12807907 It is likely, too, that he is the William who held land from Roger of Poitou in West Derby Hundred and in Warrington, across the Mersey estuary from Halton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6103582 R1,43}{
\insrsid12807907 . R3,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , since his descendants held Widnes and surrounding townships as part of the barony of Halton: Lewis, 'Introduction to the Lancashire Domesday', p. 39. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
He may also be the William who held Drayton in Berkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 18,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  from Earl Hugh, as suggested by Lewis, }{\insrsid12807907 '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Honour of Chester', p. 59. The }{\insrsid12807907 manor}
{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  is untraced before the thirteenth century}{\insrsid12807907 , when land in the vill was held from the Honour of Chester by Alan of Farnham: }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 Farrer, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 Honors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , i}{\insrsid12807907 i.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  21}{\insrsid12807907 -22. In 1086,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  William son of Nigel was the }{\insrsid12807907 
nearest}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  of the earl's }{\insrsid12807907 known tenants of that name. William possibly also held Bungay in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 4,19}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, though Farrer's suggestion - William of Warenne - seems more likely since it would help to account for the loss of the manor to the Honour of Chester: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1866756 Honors}{\insrsid12807907 , ii. 233-35. }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
The form of the entries suggests that the scribe may have been uncertain as to the identity of William at Alderley and Lach Dennis}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 CHS 9,28-29}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
, the final two manors on his Cheshire fief, though his heirs did hold Alderley: Lewis, 'Introduction}{\insrsid12807907  to the Cheshire Domesday}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 ', p. 8. }{\insrsid12807907 William's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{
\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 539)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 pp. 486-87}{\insrsid12807907 
, including Bungay but not Drayton, Warrington or the manors of the canons of Chester, whose tenants are unidentified (nos. 870, 28614-5, 28618-19, 29164).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 WILLIAM SON OF REGINALD?. 'There is little doubt' that William son of Reginald, who held Steppingley in Bedfordshire from William Speke}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 25,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , is }{
\insrsid12807907 the same man as}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  William son of Rainward, Speke's tenant at Chawston, both manors descend}{\insrsid12807907 ing}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 to the same family: Farrer, 'The Honour of Old Warden', pp. 16-20. }{\insrsid12807907 Which of the two forms is a scribal error is not apparent. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 William's manor of Chawston is recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 522) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 488}{\insrsid12807907 ;}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 Steppingley is assigned to William son of Reginald.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 WILLIAM [* SON OF REGINALD *]. William}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  who held Foulden in Norfolk from William of Warenne}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 8,90}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is probably William son of Reginald, a Warenne tenant in Sussex and Suffolk}{\insrsid12807907 , whose}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  descendants had interests in Foulden: Farrer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Honors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , iii. 327-31. William's manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 523) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 488, with the addition of Steppingley in Bedfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 25,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , here assigned to William son of Rainward.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WILLIAM [* SON OF SKIALDVARTH *]. }{\insrsid12807907 As pre-Conquest Williams are rare, the William who held 'Meering' in Nottinghamshire in 1066}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 1,64}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 is very likely William son of Skialdvarth, who held Sutton-on-Trent across the river at the same date}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 2,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 , as suggested by Stenton: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13320061 VCH Nottinghamshire}{\insrsid12807907 
, i. 215. Sutton was acquired by Count Alan of Brittany, whose tenant on the following manor of C
arlton on Trent, a mile away, may well be the same William since - amazingly - Count Alan had no other tenant with this very common name, the only other William on his vast Honour being a tenant of Roger Bigot}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 3,57}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. William may have held Carlton for
 two decades, no pre-Conquest lord being recorded on the manor. As the number of pre-Conquest individuals named William is probably fewer than half-a-dozen, it is not unlikely that Skialdvarth's son is also the lord of Widmerpool in south Nottinghamshire}
{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid13320061 NTT 30,47}}}{\insrsid12807907 . The name Skialdvarth is otherwise unknown. The tenant at Carlton is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1727758 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 35064).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WILLIAM [* SON OF TUROLD *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Williams who held Pangbourne, Sulham and Betterton in Berkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 33,1-2;5}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, Bradwell in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 23,31}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and Chesterton, Henton, Adwell and Britwell Salome in Oxfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 35,18;20-21;23}}}{\insrsid12807907  from Miles
 Crispin are probably William son of Turold, alias as }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3743773 William of Sulham}{\insrsid12807907 , Miles' tenant at Beddington in Surrey}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUR 29,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3743773 : }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3743773 Historia Ecclesie Abbendonensis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3743773 , ii. 206-207. }{\insrsid12807907 He is identified in the list of fees of the Honour of Wallingford}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3743773 : }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3743773 Boarstall cartulary}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3743773 , pp. 301, 325-27.}{\insrsid12807907  He was the son of Turold, nephew of the English magnate Wigot of Wallingford (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3743773 q.v.}{
\insrsid12807907 ). His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 147)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{
\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p}{\insrsid12807907 p}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 .}{\insrsid12807907 
 489-90, apart from Bradwell, whose tenant is unidentified (no. 1415); the statement in the commentary that he was a tenant of Earl Roger of Shrewsbury is presumably a confusion with his father, Turold.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8461122 WILLIAM [* THE ARTIFICER *].}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 William, tenant of Robert of Bucy at Blatherwycke, Rushton, Moulton and Bradden in Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 30,10;13-14;17}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , is identified as William the artificer (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12261634 Inganie}{\insrsid12807907 ) by the descent of those manors to the Engaine family, who held them by the time of the Northamptonshire Survey: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8461122 VCH Northamptonshire}{\insrsid12807907 , i. 372, 381, 385, 387. William held a house in Northampton and small tenancies-in-chief in Huntingdonshire and Northamptonshire, his brother Richard the artificer (}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14838815 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
) having several others in the Midland counties. The lands of the brothers are associated with a forest serjeanty of pre-Conquest origin: Round, 'Domesday survey of Northamptonshire', p. 294. William's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{
\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 3682)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  492, with the curious addition of a fief heading in Bedfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid8461122 BDF 42,1}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , though the fief itself is assigned to William Peverel, as in these notes.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WILLIAM [* THE }{\insrsid12807907 CHAMBERLAIN}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  *]. }{\insrsid12807907 William, tenant of the abbey of Abingdon at Bessels Leigh in Berkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 7,20}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is named William the chamberlain of London in the abbey's chronicle: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15347751 Historia Ecclesie Abbendonensis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15347751 , ii.}{\insrsid12807907 
 186-89, 383. He is unlikely to be the abbey's other tenant, William Mauduit, even though he too was a chamberlain, his office being attached to Winchester, where most of his lands l
ay. The William at Bessels Leigh is more probably the chamberlain who held three small fiefs and a number of individual manors situated for the most part on royal manors in or around London, in Middlesex, Surrey, Essex and Bedfordshire. The office of roya
l chamberlain of London is attested elsewhere: Green, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13971887 Henry I}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 286; Hollister, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13971887 Monarchy, magnates and institutions}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 198-201. The manors of the chamberlain named in Domesday Book are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13398472 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 180)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  468; the abbey's tenant is unidentified (no. 792).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 WILLIAM [* THE GOAT *]. William}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  who }{\insrsid12807907 held }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Wraxall in Dorset from Roger Arundel}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 47,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is }{\insrsid12807907 very }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 probably William the goat, }{\insrsid12807907 so-named in the Geld Roll for}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Eggardon Hundred where Wraxall lay: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 VCH Dorset}{\insrsid12807907 , iii. 127. According to the same source, his tenant Ulf}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 owed tax in Whitchurch Hundred, though William was not a tenant-in-chief in Dorset and no Ulf held land in that Hundred}{\insrsid12807907  or indeed in the county in 1086}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 VCH Dorset}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , iii. 125-26. }{\insrsid12807907 Roger of Arundel did, however, have a predecessor named Ulf at Poorton (where Guy was his tenant) in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Whitchurch }{\insrsid12807907 Hundred}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
DOR 47,8}}}{\insrsid12807907 , the manor which follows Wraxall in the Domesday text. Either the scribe has somehow garble the entries or - perhaps more likely - there had been changes in the tenurial status of the two manors betwee
n the date of the Geld Rolls and the Domesday Survey. William}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  was a tenant-in-chief in Devon and Cornwall. His manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 (no. 188) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 469.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WILLIAM [* THE PRIEST *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Williams who held Headon and Owthorpe in Nottinghamshire from Roger of Bully}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 9,26-27;111}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 may be William the priest, who witnessed Roger's foundation charter for Blyth priory: }{\i\insrsid12807907 C}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid731055 artulary}{\i\insrsid12807907  of }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid731055 Blyth }{\i\insrsid12807907 priory}{
\insrsid12807907 , p. 207. Roger had no other Williams on his Honour. William's manor of Owthorpe is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{
\insrsid12807907 (no. 9332)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 495; the tenant of Headon is unidentified (no. 35200).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7164433 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WILLIAM [* THE }{\insrsid12807907 USHER}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  *]. }{\insrsid12807907 
The Williams who held Crooke Burnell and the two following manors among the king's servants in Devon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid7164433 51,3-5}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are almost certainly William the usher, who held the preceding manor and - according to }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid7164433 Exon}{\insrsid12807907 . - the seven which followed, as well as a tenancy from the church of Tavist
ock at Raddon. He also held a small service-fief in Nottinghamshire. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 
(no. 298)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  492.}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid7164433 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907 "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WIMER}{\insrsid12807907 "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  [* OF GRESSENHALL *]. }{
\insrsid12807907 The }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1129324 Wimer}{\insrsid12807907 s who held an unoccupied messuage in Norwich, six manors in Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 1,66. 8,6;62-64;69;95}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and another in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1129324 SUF 26,10}}}{\insrsid12807907  from William of Warenne, are probably Wimer of Gressinghall, his steward, an office in which he was succeeded by his son and grandson: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1129324 Early Yorkshire charters}{\insrsid12807907 , viii. 77, 79, 242-43; Farrer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1797254 Honors}{\insrsid12807907 , iii. 395-400. }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1129324 Wimer}{\insrsid12807907 
 occurs once more in Domesday Book, as a tenant of Walter of Douai in Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 39,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 . }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid1129324 His}{\insrsid12807907  manors in East Anglia }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 901)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  497.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 W}{\insrsid12807907 IMUND. Wimund is an uncommon name which occurs twenty-one times, distributed among six counties and the lands of eight tenants-in-chief, with small clusters i
n Bedfordshire and Lincolnshire. The name is rare in the sense that it was probably borne by fewer than half-a-dozen men, possibly half that number. The name of the one pre-Conquest }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14842784 Wimund}{\i\insrsid12807907  }{
\insrsid12807907 in Domesday Book is rendered Wigmund (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14842784 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ) in this translation.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WIMUND}{\insrsid12807907  <OF NORTON>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is rare and there is a slight, indirect association through the bishop of Bayeux, i
t is possible that the Wimund who held the fairly substantial manor of Norton Mandeville in Essex from Haimo the sheriff}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 28,16}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 is Wimund of Tessel, a tenant in Bedfordshire and several other counties; but there are no links to confirm this. Dr Keats-Rohan suggests he is possibly the same man as Wigmund (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2391874 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
), a predecessor and tenant of Ralph Baynard in Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2250762 NFK 31,11}}}{\insrsid12807907 . His manor of Norton}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 is recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 8826)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  498.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2250762 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7024061 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 WIMUND [* OF TESSEL *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Most Wimunds in Domesday Book may be one man, Wimund of Tessel, a tenant of 
}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Hugh of Beauchamp at Great Barford and Colmworth}{\insrsid12807907  in Bedfordshire, who is probably also the Wimund}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  who held Wyboston and Easton from }{\insrsid12807907 him}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
BDF 23,24;33}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; Wyboston is four miles from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Great Barford}{\insrsid12807907 , Easton ten from}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Colmworth}{\insrsid12807907 
. It is not unlikely that he is also the one other Wimund in the county, a tenant of Bishop Odo of Bayeux at Turvey}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 2,8}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, thirteen miles from Barford, as suggested by Dr Keats-Rohan. The descent of his manors is casts no light on his identity, even}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Colmworth and Barford being held by separate families in the following century: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 VCH Bedfordshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , iii. 181, 186}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par \tab The bishop of Bayeux also had tenants named Wimund at Showell in Oxfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 7,51}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Rasen in Lincolnshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 4,38}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 who are probably the same man. As his name is uncommon, if not rare, and the manors of comparable status it is improbable the bishop had three tenants named Wimund. There is also circumstantial evidence pointing to the same conclusion. Another of the Lin
colnshire Wimunds is a tenant of Count Alan of Brittany at Holton-le-Clay, Grainsby and Wold Newton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 12,18;20;31}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. This Wimund, later known as Wimund of Aby, is fairly well-documented, he and his descendants holding the Grainsby fee of the Honour of Richmond; Wimund himself still holding Grainsby in the Lindsey Survey (8/1): }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8595930 
Early Yorkshire Charters}{\insrsid12807907 , v. 267-69. He also held Aby}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 4,59}}}{\insrsid12807907  in the Survey, of the fee Manasseh Arsic (15/8) who succeeded to the tenancies of Wadard of Cogges (}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1054909 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ), one of t
he bishop of Bayeux's honorial barons, providing a link between the tenants of the bishop and of Count Alan. The link is rather stronger than it may appear because although Wimund himself did not hold Aby in 1086 part at least of his manor of Rasen appear
s to have been absorbed into that held by Manasseh in the Lindsey Survey (7/20), suggesting some re-organisation of tenancies. Additionally, Count Alan's tenants at Wallington and Wormley in Hertfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 16,4;11}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are close neighbours - and the only o
ther Wimunds in the Home Counties - of the bishop's tenant in Bedfordshire. For reasons given above, it is unlikely that Count Alan had two tenants named Wimund, though the Hertfordshire manors descended by a different route from that of the Grainsby fee:
 }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8595930 Early Yorkshire Charters}{\insrsid12807907 , v. 267 note 10. The distribution of the tenants of bishop of Count lend some mutual support to their identification.
\par \tab It is not unlikely that other Wimunds in Lincolnshire are the same man. This is probably the case with the tenant of Roger of Poitou at Swallow}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 16,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, eight miles from Grainsby, since this Wimund, like the Count's tenant, was still in possession in the Lindsey Survey (9/15), almost three decades later. It may also be the case with the tenant of Ivo Tallboys}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 14,5-6;64-65;101}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , whose manors of Old Clee and 'Thrunscoe' are slightly closer to Grainsby than Swallow, while Wyham and North Ormsby}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 14,64}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are four and five miles respectively from the Count's tenant at Wold Newton. The Lindsey Survey is no as
sistance here, Wimund's tenancies being unrecorded, undetectable or in other hands, as may be the case at Old Clee and 'Thrunscoe' which is possibly the manor held by Hugh of Laval in the Survey (9/4) though the assessments do not match.
\par \tab Four other Wimunds occur in Domesday Book, any or all of whom may be the Wimund under discussion though there are no specific links connecting them. The most likely is the tenant of Arnulf of Hesdin at Black Bourton in Oxfordshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
OXF 40,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 . His manor is substantial and 
comparable to several of those in Bedfordshire and Lincolnshire. At Bourton, the pre-Conquest lord is a Thorgot who may be the Thorgot who preceded Wimund at Holton in Lincolnshire since he is the only Thorgot in Oxfordshire and one of only three in Linco
l
nshire who cannot be identified with some confidence. Dr Keats-Rohan suggests that both this Wimund and the bishop's tenant in the county are possibly Wimund of Leaveland, a man-at-arms of the archbishop of Canterbury recorded in a list from the 1090s of 
the archbishop's men, ancestor of the Keepers of the palace of Westminster: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12734359 Domesday Monachorum}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 41,105; Clay, 'Keepership of the Old Palace', pp. 1-5. Although not impossible, the archbishop's man succeeded to Leaveland at a later date, and there are n
o links connecting him or his successors with Oxfordshire. Of the remaining Wimunds, the tenants of Abington abbey at Watchfield and Shellingford in Berkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 7,36;42}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are ten and eight miles respectively from Black Bourton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 40,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , while the tenant of Haimo the sheriff at Ongar in Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 28,16}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 is fifteen miles from the Hertfordshire manors assigned to Wimund of Tessel. In the latter case, the manor is fairly substantial and since Haimo is in effect the sheriff of Odo of Bayeux there is an a
ssociation, albeit indirect. Without more specific links, however, the Wimunds of Berkshire and Essex are recorded here as other men.
\par \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Wimund's }{\insrsid12807907 Bedfordshire }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 742) and referenced in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 498}{\insrsid12807907 , all assigned to Wi
mund of Tessel; the Oxfordshire tenants are identified as another man (no. 6229), as are the tenants of Abington abbey and Haimo the sheriff; those of Count Alan and Roger of Poitou as Wimund of Aby (no. 1974). In Lincolnshire, the tenants of Ivo Tallboys
 and the bishop of Bayeux are recognised as one man (no. 8825).
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7024061 {\insrsid12807907 
.............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2250762 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WIMUND}{\insrsid12807907  <OF WATCHFIELD>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 
As the name is rare there is little doubt that the Wimunds who held Watchfield and Shellingford in Berkshire from the abbey of Abingdon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 7,36;42}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are one man. It is possible that he is the same man as Wimund of Tessel, whose nearest manor is eight miles away; but there are no links to confirm this. The abbey's chronicle throws no light on the identity of their tenant: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2768214 Historia Ecclesie Abbendonensis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2768214 , ii. 384. Wimund's manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2768214 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2768214  (no. 8891) and}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  498.}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2250762 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WINEMAR}{\insrsid12807907 . Winemar is uncommon}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  name}{\insrsid12807907  }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2513720 which }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 occurs }{\insrsid12807907 on two fiefs and fourteen}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 , distributed among }{
\insrsid12807907 five}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  counties and the lands }{\insrsid12807907 of the king and eight of his}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  tenants-in-chief}{\insrsid12807907 
. It occurs once in Essex and Norfolk, twice in Devon and ten times in Northamptonshire. One of the Devon Winemars is a pre-Conquest lord. It is rare in the sense that it was probably borne by fewer than half-a-dozen men.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 WINEMAR <OF COLCHESTER>. Winemar}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 who had}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  a house in Colchester}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS B3a}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is identified by Dr Kea}{\insrsid12807907 ts-Rohan as the tenant-in-chief}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Winemar of Flanders, }{\insrsid12807907 presumably because the name is rare, as}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 there are no links with Winemar's identifiable manors, which form a compact block in Buckinghamshire and Northamptonshire.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WINEMAR [* OF FLANDERS *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Winemar of Flanders, tenant-in-chief in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2703905 Buckinghamshire}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2703905  }{\insrsid12807907 
alias Winemar of 'Hanslip'}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 56,51;65}}}{\insrsid12807907  from his one}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2703905  manor}{\insrsid12807907  - }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2703905 Hanslope }{\insrsid12807907 - in that county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 46,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 which was subsequently the head of his barony: Sanders, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11141829 English baronies}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 50-51. He is probably the Winemar with a small fief in Northamptonshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 40,1-6}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, though several of the manors were in the hands of William Maudit at the time of the Northamptonshire Survey: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11932197 VCH Northamptonshire}{\insrsid12807907 
, i. 374-75. Three of the six manors on this fief shared the same predecessor - Healfdene - from whom he acquired Hanslope, and his descendants had interests in another, Easton Neston}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 40,1;4-6}}}{\insrsid12807907 : Farrer, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8088691 Honors}{\insrsid12807907 , i. 36. The Northamptonshire Survey identifies him as the tenant of Walter of Flanders at Wootton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 39,16}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, of Countess Judith at Denton, Preston Deanery, Quinton and Wootton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 56,55;57c-57f}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and of the bishop of Coutances at Hackelton and Preston Deanery}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 4,15-16}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , Preston Deanery being the centre from which his descendants are often named: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11932197 VCH Northamptonshire}{\insrsid12807907 , i. 374-76; Farrer, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8088691 Honors}{
\insrsid12807907 , i. 95-99; Round, 'Domesday survey of Northamptonshire', pp. 290-91. He is probably also the tenant of Geoffrey Alselin at Rothersthorpe}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 44,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and of Gunfrid of Chocques at Knuston}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH 48,12}}}{\insrsid12807907 ; both manors were in other hands in the Northamptonshire Survey but were subsequently held by Winemar's descendants: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13632634 Honors}{
\insrsid12807907 , i. 36, 95. He is also likely to be the Winemar with }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13567493 thirteen houses in Northampton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTH B20;34}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13567493 
, one of them held from him by a Dodin of Cottesbrooke (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13567493 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13567493 ), his tenant at Ashton, who held a second house from Countess}{\insrsid12807907 
 Judith and a manor in Easton Maudit, one of the vills where Winemar held in chief. All the manors held by a Winemar in 1086 are assigned to Winemar of Flanders in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{
\insrsid12807907 (no. 478),}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 498, which add Stoke in Devon, a house in Colchester, and Tuddenham in Norfolk to those included here.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WINEMAR <OF STOKE>. }{\insrsid12807907 Winemar, who held a half-hide worth ten shillings at Stoke in Devon from William of Falaise}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11932197 DEV 20,12}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , is identified by Dr Keats-Rohan as Winemar of Flanders. Another Fleming, Walter of Douai, was a major landholder in Devon, so an indirect link is poss
ible; but the holding is small and more than 150 miles from the nearest of Winemar's manors, so the Winemar at Stoke is here treated as another man}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907 
 It is possible he is the pre-Conquest Winemar at Woodbeare, though there are no links to confirm this.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WINEMAR <OF TUDDENHAM>. }{\insrsid12807907 Winemar, who held a half-carucate worth ten shillings from William of Warenne at Tuddenham in Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11932197 NFK 66,68}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , is identified by Dr Keats-Rohan as the tenant-in-chief Winemar of Flanders; but his holding is small, remote from Winemar's manors in Buckinghamshire and Northamptonshire, and without links to them. The manor is}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 478)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  498.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WINEMAR <OF WOODBEARE>. }{\insrsid12807907 Winemar, who held a respectable manor at Woodbeare in Devon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11932197 DEV 25,13}}}{
\insrsid12807907  acquired by William of Falaise, is the only pre-Conquest lord of this name, presumably an Englishman. He has no links with other Winemars.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \cbpat8 {\cf1\insrsid12807907 "WITHRI" <OF HANWORTH>. Six of the seven Withris in Domesday Book are predecessors of Roger Bigot in Norfolk}{
\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 
\tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 NFK 9,87;142-144;148-149}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907  and probably therefore the same man, who may also be the seventh Withri, a man of Earl Harold at Woodbastwick}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 NFK 20,19}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
, roughly twenty miles south of the Bigot manors. Roger's predecessor had a substantial manor at Hanworth}{\cs23\cf1\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 NFK 9,87}}}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
 and was the lord of many free men in the other five vills, three of which had dependencies in Hanworth, all five being in a five-mile radius of that vill. Earl Harold's man at Woodbastwick was also a lord of free men.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WIUHOMARCH [* THE STEWARD *]. }{\insrsid12807907 
It is likely that all Wiuhomarchs in Domesday Book are one man, Wiuhomarch, the steward of Count Alan of Brittany who is so-named on four manors in Cambridgeshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12256057 14,68;71;79-80}}}{
\insrsid12807907  in the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14106742 Inquisitio }{\i\insrsid12807907 Comitatus Cantabrigiensis }{\insrsid12807907 
(ed. Hamilton, pp. 4, 7, 21). With the exception of three Cornish manors, his remaining tenancies at Aske, Harmby and Leyburn in Yorkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 6N57;100-101}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and Hickling, Somerton and Ingham in Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 4,26;38-39}}}{\insrsid12807907  were all held from Count Alan. It is also possible - even probable - that he is also the tenant of the Count of Mortain on the three Cornish manors}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
CON 1,1. 5,24,13-14}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Count Robert was probably preceded in Cornwall by Count Brian of Brittany (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16527305 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 
), the brother of Count Alan, who may well have endowed his brother's steward (rather than a second Wiuhomarch). The Count of Mortain would have had no reason to replace him since he had
 other Breton tenants, and two of his daughters married in Breton families: Soulsby, 'Introduction to the Cornwall Domesday', p. 13. Wiuhomarch probably survived into the reign of Henry I, his steward's fee expanding considerably before his death. Some of
 his descendants succeeded him as stewards of the Honour of Richmond: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12256057 Early Yorkshire charters}{\insrsid12807907 , v. 17-40, 353-54. His manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 223)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  466, with the addition of Bylaugh}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid15010609 NFK 4,30}}}{\insrsid12807907 , held by from Count Alan by Wigwin (}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15010609 Gingomus}{\insrsid12807907 ), an otherwise unknown name. Scribal corruption of a unique form is not unlikely, but Bylaugh does not occur as part of the steward's fee.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WUDIA <OF }{\insrsid12807907 FENTON}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 The name Wudia occurs twice, once as a predecessor of Henry of Ferrers on a modest shared manor at 'Fenton' in Derbyshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
DBY 6,56}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and once on a waste holding left in the hands of the king at Stanshope in Staffordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 1,52}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, nine miles away. It seems likely that the two Wudias are the same man.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WULFBERT}{\insrsid12807907 . Wulfbert is an uncommon name which occurs nineteen times, distributed among nine counties and the lands of eleven tenants-in-chief; three Wulfberts are pre-Conquest landowners.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WULFBERT [* BROTHER OF ULF *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Wulfbert, who held six bovates at Gosberton in Lincolnshire from Count Alan of Brittany}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 12,76}}}{\insrsid12807907 , may be the one other
 Wulfbert in the county, Wulfbert brother of Ulf, a lawman with full jurisdiction in the city of Lincoln in both 1066 and 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN C2-3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. His brother Ulf is possibly the English magnate, Ulf Fenman (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid3226019 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ), who had full jurisdiction in both the city and county. Wulfbert the lawman is recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 
Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 6382)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{
\insrsid12807907  436; the tenant at Gosberton is unidentified (no. 33463).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WULFBERT <OF }{\insrsid12807907 BUMPSTEAD}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 The Wulfberts who held Steeple Bumpstead, Kenningtons and Hanningfield in Essex from William of Warenne}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
ESS 22,12;14-15}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are probably one man, the most substantial landowner of that name. No other Wulfberts held land in the county, or in East Anglia; and William had no tenants of this name elsewhere on his Honour. Wulfbert may, however, be William's tenant named Wibert on 
the respectable manor of Dunmow}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 22,9}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Wibert is a rare name which occurs nowhere else in Little Domesday, nor on the Warenne Honour, so a simple scribal error - }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14242253 Guibertus}{\insrsid12807907 
 for }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14242253 Gulbertus}{\insrsid12807907  - may be suspected here. Wulfbert's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (
no. 2119)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 239, under the form Gulbert; Wibert is unidentified (no. 4811).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 \cbpat8 {\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid9008032 WULFBERT <OF COTESBACH>. }{\insrsid12807907 
Wulfbert, who held a modestly prosperous manor at Cotesbach in Leicestershire from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14444558 Hugh of Grandmesnil}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LEC 13,48}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has no links with his namesakes. }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 He }{\insrsid12807907 is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 26317).}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WULFBERT <OF HUTTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 
Wulfbert, who held the fairly substantial manor of Sand Hutton in Yorkshire from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10577246 Hugh son of Baldric}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3226019 23N30}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , is the only survi
vor of that name in Yorkshire, without links with his namesakes. As the name is uncommon he may, however, be the same man as the predecessor of Osbern son of Arques, as suggested by Farrer: 'Domesday survey of Yorkshire', p. 178. That Wulfbert is recorded
 in the Yorkshire Claims}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }
{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS CW36}}}{\insrsid12807907  as holding Appleton Roebuck '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14444558 and all the other lands with exemption}{\insrsid12807907 '; but he is not recorded at Appleton itself}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 25W2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 or anywhere else on Osbern's fief. Another claim}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS CW1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , however, states that Osbern's prede
cessor also held 'all Thorner', consisting of four manors and eight carucates 'situated within the bounds of Ilbert of Lacy's castle, according to the first measurement, and, according to the most recent measurement, it is situated outside'}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
YKS CW36}}}{\insrsid12807907 . The four manors are recorded on Ilbert's fief}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 9W12}}}{\insrsid12807907 , one held by an }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14444558 Ulver}{\insrsid12807907 
, presumably a scribal error for Wulfbert, normally accepted as another name: von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14444558 Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 398-99, 418. Farrer also suggested that Hugh's tenant
 is the Wulfbert with four houses in Nottingham in 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT B11}}}{\insrsid12807907 , a county where }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid10577246 Hugh }{\insrsid12807907 
had a small fief and had been sheriff. If so, he is conceivably the one other urban Wulfbert, Wulfbert brother of Ulf in Lincolnshire; but there are no links to confirm an identification. }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 The Nottinghamshire and Yorkshire Wulfberts 
}{\insrsid12807907 are unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (nos. 34917, 38109).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WULFBERT <OF ISL}{\insrsid12807907 I}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 NGTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 Wulfbert, who held half a hide worth twelve shillings at Islington in Middlesex from Geoffrey de Mandeville}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
MDX 9,3}}}{\insrsid12807907 , has no links with his distant namesakes. }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 He }{\insrsid12807907 is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 8120).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WULFBERT <OF KEDLESTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is uncommon, the Wulfberts who held the manors of Kedleston and Weston in Derbyshire from Henry of Ferrers}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 6,80}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Ralph of Buron}
{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
DBY 11,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  may be one man; the vills are adjacent and both manors were held, or shared, by a Wulfsi in 1066. Both }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 Wulfberts }{\insrsid12807907 are unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907  (nos. 32340, 32451).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WULFBERT <OF LEADBROOK>. }{\insrsid12807907 Wulfbert, who shared half a hide worth ten shillings at Leadbrook in Cheshire acquired by Robert of Rhuddlan}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS FD2,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is the only Wulfbert in the county, with no links to those elsewhere, though he is possibly the Wulfbert at }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14444558 Wibaldeslei}{\insrsid12807907 
, on the other side of the Wirral peninsular in South Lancashire, another pre-Conquest landowner.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WULFBERT <OF WESTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 Wulfbert, who held a hide worth \'a31 at Alconbury Weston in Huntingdonshire from Eustace, the sheriff of the county}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HUN 19,20}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has no links with his namesakes. }{\cf1\insrsid12807907 He }{\insrsid12807907 is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 32688).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WULFBERT <OF }{\insrsid12807907 "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WIBALDESLEI}{\insrsid12807907 "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 >. }{\insrsid12807907 Wulfbert, who held two carucates worth sixty-four pence at }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14444558 Wibaldeslei}{\insrsid12807907  in South Lancashire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS R1,18}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 in 1066 acquired by Roger of Poitou, has no links with other Wulfberts, though he is possibly the Wulfbert on the other side of the Wirral peninsular, also a pre-Conquest landowner.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WULFEVA. }{\insrsid12807907 Wulfeva is a fairly common name }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2513720 which }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 occurs }{\insrsid12807907 on one fief and more than sixty other manors}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 , distributed among }{\insrsid12807907 fourteen}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  counties and the lands of the king and }{\insrsid12807907 almost thirty}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  of his tenants-in-chief}{
\insrsid12807907 . It is uncommon, however, in the sense that it was probably borne by fewer than a dozen women. The distribution is
 skewed, the bulk of the manors lying south of a line drawn between the Bristol Channel and the Wash, rare north of that line and rare everywhere after the Conquest, survivors holding a small fief and three manors. In the south, there is a significant clu
ster - or clusters - in the five south-western counties of Devon, Dorset, Hampshire, Somerset and Wiltshire, and another in Suffolk, each cluster containing high status manors.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WULFEVA [* }{\insrsid12807907 "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 BETESLAU}{\insrsid12807907 "}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  *]. }{\insrsid12807907 
Most if not all of the valuable manors held by Wulfeva in the south-west were probably held by one woman, Wulfeva }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8854691 Beteslau}{\insrsid12807907 . Her byname is supplied by the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12728744 
Winton Domesday}{\insrsid12807907 
 (p. 52), where her houses in Winchester are recorded, and in Domesday Book at Clyffe Pypard in Wiltshire and Laverstoke in Hampshire. Domesday records that Wulfeva held Laverstoke from Winchester abbey 'up to her death', after which King Wi
lliam 'gave back this manor to the Church for the sake of his soul and that of his wife'. This makes it likely that she is the Wulfeva whose highly valuable manor of Mapledurham was given to Queen Matilda before reverting to the Crown and the Wulfeva whos
e manor of Monxton in Hampshire was retained by the Conqueror}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 
{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 1,8;39}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Round suggested that the remaining manors held by Wulfeva in the county were held by the same woman, presumably on the grounds that all were valuable and all but one clustered around Laverstoke and Monxton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 35,9. 69,14;28. NF9,13}}}{\insrsid12807907 
: 'Domesday survey of Hampshire',}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13043600  p.}{\insrsid12807907  429. He also suggested that the Wulfeva whose manors in Dorset comprised the fief acquired by Countess Ida of Boulogne was }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8854691 
Beteslau}{\cs23\i\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 58,1-3}}}{\insrsid12807907 , and might have added that she was probably the Wulfeva succeeded by the Countess at Kingweston in Somerset and by her husband at Loxton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 17,4;7}}}{\insrsid12807907 , both also valuable.
\par \tab One of Wulfeva's more valuable Hampshire manors, at Sherborne}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 23,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 , was acquired by Hugh of Port, who also obtained a comparable manor from a Wulfeva in Berkshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
BRK 52,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 . If, as seems likely, this is Wulfeva is Wulfeva }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8854691 Beteslau}{\insrsid12807907 , then she may also be the Wulfeva at Bagnor}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 53,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, six miles away. Apart from proximity, it is noteworthy that 
many of Wulfeva's manors were used to endow royal officials: a sheriff (Hugh of Port), three or four chamberlains (Siric, Bernard, Humphrey, and perhaps William Mauduit), and a valet (Alsi), Bagnor going to Humphrey the chamberlain. Another official who m
ay have benefited is Edward of Salisbury, who obtained a respectable manor at Shrewton in Wiltshire from a Wulfeva}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 24,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 . The two remaining manors of Wulfeva in the county, at Garsdon and Tytherton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 8,10. 26,22}}}{
\insrsid12807907 , were possibly also hers. They were of similar status and no great distance from her manor of Clyffe Pypard.
\par \tab It has also been suggested that the predecessor of the bishop of Coutances in Devon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 3,13-14;16;19;80-81;92}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Bedfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 3,5}}}{\insrsid12807907  is Wulfeva }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8854691 Beteslau}{\insrsid12807907 
: Meyer, 'Women's estates', p. 117. Since comparatively few individuals bore the name the bishop's predecessor is probably one woman; but it is more likely that she is the bishop's tenant in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 5,16}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 rather than Wulfeva }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8854691 Beteslau}{\insrsid12807907 . She cannot be both because }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8854691 Beteslau}{\insrsid12807907  was dead before 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 6,12}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Professor Meyer also suggests that the Wulfeva who held the valuable manor of Hamsey, plus Preston, in Sussex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 11,69. 12,49}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8854691 Beteslau}{\insrsid12807907 
. Antecessorial practices did not apply in Sussex, of course, due to its division into Rapes each held by a single tenant-in-chief, so the identification is unverifiable though the status of the holding make it not unlikely. If so, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8854691 Beteslau}{\insrsid12807907  may have held the other two manors of Wulfeva in the county since it is r
ecorded at Hamsey that parts of the manor now lay in the Rape of the Count of Mortain, who acquired both. At Horsted Keynes it is stated specifically that it 'lay in' Hamsey, and 'Warley' is said to be 'outside the Rape', that is in the Rape of another te
nant-in-chief}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab SUS 10,100;109}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Less certainly, the one other Wulfeva in the south-east, whose manor of Perry Court in Kent was acquired by the bishop of Bayeux, might be her; but the manor is modest are there are no specific links with the remainder of her estate.
\par \tab Round argued that Wulfeva should be known as Wulfeva of Beslow, since }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8854691 Beteslau}{\insrsid12807907  probably referred to Beslow (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12728744 Beteslawe}{\insrsid12807907 ) in Shropshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
SHR 4,14,16}}}{\insrsid12807907 : 'Domesday survey of Hampshire',}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13043600  p.}{\insrsid12807907  429. But as von Feilitzen observed, where her byname name is supplied she is Wulfeva }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8854691 Beteslau}
{\insrsid12807907  in all three cases, not Wulfeva }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12728744 de}{\insrsid12807907  }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8854691 Beteslau}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12728744 Winton Domesday}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 207-208. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 A list of }{\insrsid12807907 Wulfeva's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  manor}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11564255 
English nobility}{\i\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 pp. }{\insrsid12807907 363-64}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 , }{\insrsid12807907 which}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  }{\insrsid12807907 doe
s not include the Sussex manors or those in Wiltshire other than Clyffe Pypard. Dr Clarke ranks Wulfeva thirty-ninth in wealth among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 
untitled lay persons; if the Sussex and Wiltshire manors are included, she would rise a dozen places in the rankings. Either way, only Wulfwynn of Creslow was wealthier among untitled women.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par WULFEVA <OF MORSTON>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Wulfeva, whose ten acres worth two shillings at Morston in Suffolk were acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16134776 Ranulf brother of Ilger}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid738929 SUF 39,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 , has no links with other Wulfevas, though she may be the Wulfeva of Thorndon who held the remaining Suffolk manors, between twenty and thirty miles to the north of Morston.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WULFEVA }{\insrsid12807907 <OF NORTON>}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 The clustering of the name in the south-west suggests that most if not all the dozen Wulfevas not identified as Wulfeva }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8854691 Beteslau}{\insrsid12807907  are a second Wulfeva, who held Norton in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11352544 SOM 5,16}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 from the bishop of Coutances. Of the remaining eleven manors - all in Devon - seven were acquired by the bishop of Coutances}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11352544 3,13-14;16;1
9;80-81;92}}}{\insrsid12807907 . The bishop also obtained Shelton in Bedfordshire from a Wulfeva}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 3,5}}}{\insrsid12807907 
; and although the distances involved might suggest this is another Wulfeva, she is the only Wulfeva in that county which makes it less likely that she is a second predecessor of the bishop of that name.
\par \tab The other four manors in Devon have no specific links with the bishop or Wulfeva of Norton. Three, however, are of comparable status to several of her manors; and of these Milton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 28,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 is a few miles from her manors at Buckland and Hartleigh, Clyst}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 16,92}}}{\insrsid12807907  is an ecclesiastical holding of the type often acquired by local magnates, and Rawridge}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
DEV 10,2}}}{\insrsid12807907  a substantial manor likely to have been held by such a magnate. Only the modest holding at Stoke}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 20,12}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, some distance from all the other properties, appears more likely to have belonged to another Wulfeva. Professor Meyer suggests that the bishop's predecessor is Wulfeva }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8854691 Beteslau}{\insrsid12807907 
; but, if so, she could not have held Norton in 1086 since Wulfeva }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8854691 Beteslau}{\insrsid12807907 
 was dead by then: 'Women's estates', p. 117. Of the alternatives, it seems more likely that the predecessor and tenant of the bishop of Coutances are one person, and Wulfeva }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8854691 Beteslau}{\insrsid12807907 
 another; none of the manors of the former Wulfeva being as valuable as the ten most valuable of the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8854691 Beteslau}{\insrsid12807907  manors. Wulfeva of Norton is one of only two surviving Wulfevas; she is unidentified in }
{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 14421).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 WULFEVA <OF STOKE>. Wulfeva}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  who}{\insrsid12807907 se modest manor at Stoke in Devon}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 was }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 acquired by William of Falaise}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 DEV 20,1}{\insrsid12807907 2}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 has no links with other Wulfevas, }{\insrsid12807907 though she is possibly the same woman as Wulfeva of Norton, whose }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 nearest }{\insrsid12807907 manor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is some thirty }{\insrsid12807907 
miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  away.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 WULFEVA <OF THORNDON>. With two exceptions, all occurre
nces of the name Wulfeva among pre-Conquest landowners in eastern England in the counties between Essex and Yorkshire are concentrated in Suffolk, all but three of the}{\insrsid12807907 se}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  on the fief of Robert Malet}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 SUF 6,209;}{\insrsid12807907 212-216;218;222-225;227-230;232}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , the bulk of the}{\insrsid12807907 m}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  in 'Hartismere' Hundred. It is }{\insrsid12807907 
likely,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  therefore}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  that }{\insrsid12807907 this }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Wulfeva }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 
Robert's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  designated predecessor, albeit a local and minor one. She held the manors of Stoke, Rishangles, Thorndon and Braiseworth}{\insrsid12807907  in demesne,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 and was the lord of free men in half-a dozen vills. Of the other three Suffolk holdings, she is probably the Wulfeva at Glemham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 3,102}}}{\insrsid12807907 , who}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  was under the patronage of Robert Malet's principle predecessor, Edric of Laxfield; and }{\insrsid12807907 she is }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 possibly also the Wulfeva }{\insrsid12807907 on part of the manor of}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Kelsale}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 7,3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . }{\insrsid12807907 Her share of the manor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 reasonably substantial and there are some connections between Kelsale and Malet holdings}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 6,69;73}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , as well as }{\insrsid12807907 numerous}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 more general links between the two fiefs}{\insrsid12807907 , several of them involving Northmann the sheriff who held the principal manor of Kelsale}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . The final holding, at Morston}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 39,4}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , is tiny, remote from the 'Hartismere' holdings, and less likely to be hers.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par WULFEVA}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  [*}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WIFE OF FIN *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Wulfeva is a rare name in 1086, occurring only five times, twice as the wife of Fin the Dane (}{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11352544 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ) in Essex. Two of the other three manors, in Cambridgeshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 19,2-3}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, are almost certainly hers since they were held from Richard son of Gilbert, who acquired her husband's manors in Essex and Suffolk. Her manors were subsequently granted by William Rufus to Eudo the steward, who mar
ried one of Richard's daughters: Round, 'Domesday survey of Essex', p. 349. Her manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 1291)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , }{\insrsid12807907 p. 437.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WULFGEAT }{\insrsid12807907 [* BROTHER OF HUNNING *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 
The unnamed brother who shared Moreton Corbet in Shropshire in 1066 and 1086 with Hunning is probably Wulfgeat, who preceded Hunning in the following manor of Preston}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,19,9-10}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and shared Pulverbatch with him in 1066}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,26,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 . He may also be the Wulfgeat at Poynton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,27,29}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, the only other Wulfgeat to hold land in the county in 1086, and the Wulfgeat whose manors were acquired by Reginald the sheriff}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,3,2;6;25;36}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and Roger son of Corbet}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }
{\insrsid12807907 \tab SHR 4,4,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 , both of whom also succeeded to manors held by his brother. His manor of Moreton is recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 
with that of his brother; the tenant of Poynton is unidentified (no. 31113).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 WULFGEAT <OF ALKMONTON>. The Wulfgeats whose six manors in Derbyshire were acquired by Henry of Ferrers }{\insrsid12807907 are probably}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  one man}{\insrsid12807907 . Although}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  all but one lay in the wapentakes of 'Appletree' and Litchurch, much of which Henry probably obtained as block grant}{\insrsid12807907 s of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  the wapentakes}{\insrsid12807907 
 concerned, this is may not be relevant as }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 there }{\insrsid12807907 being}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  no other Wulfgeats in the county: Fleming, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Kings and lords}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , pp. 151-52, 164-65. Alkmonton is fairly substantial, }{\insrsid12807907 adjacent to }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9705115 Hungry }{\insrsid12807907 Bentley,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  four }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  from Shirley}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 6,35-36;43}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , while Tissington, Swarkestone and Etwall }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  shared with a Gamal}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
DBY 6,7;83;98}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , Tissington and Bentley with an Ulfkil, and Tissington and Etwall with an Edric, perhaps indicating family relationships.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 WULFGEAT <OF }{\insrsid12807907 MADELEY}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 >. }{\insrsid12807907 It is likely tha
t most- possibly all - Wulfgeats in Cheshire and Staffordshire are one man, the principle predecessor of Gilbert of Venables in Cheshire and a major predecessor of Robert of Stafford in Staffordshire. In that county, eleven of the sixteen Wulfgeats are Ro
bert's predecessors}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 11,2-3;17;19-22;28;33;36;38}}}{\insrsid12807907 , only }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9899298 Earl Edwin}{\insrsid12807907 
 contributing more in value to his fief. Wulfgeat is also Robert's tenant Maer, Madeley and Abbey Hulton, the first and third of which he retained for two decades}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 11,17;20-21}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Four of the remaining five Wulfgeats had manors in Totmonslow Hundred, where two of those of Robert's predecessor lay, three of these four perhaps retained by the king because they were waste}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9899298 1,58-59;64. }{
\insrsid12807907 17,19}}}{\insrsid12807907 . The fifth, at Cheadle}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 17,10}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is four miles from the nearest of Wulfgeat's other manors.
\par \tab In Cheshire, Wulfgeat preceded Gilbert of Venables on seven manors in Bucklow, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15165634 Tunendune}{\insrsid12807907  and Middlewich Hundreds}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 17,3;6-7;9;11. 18,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, these being worth more than those of all Gilbert's other predecessors combined. This Wulfgeat is 'almost certainly' the predecessor of Ranulf of Mainwaring at Cogshall and Northenden in the same Hundreds}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 20,10. 27,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and 'perhaps' the tenant of Earl Hugh at Bartington}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 26,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 , the one surviving Wulfgeat in the county: }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid488012 Sawyer and Thacker. '}{\insrsid12807907 Domesday survey of Cheshire'}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid488012 , }{\insrsid12807907 p. 324. If so, he may well have preceded the earl in the lost vill of }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15165634 Done}{\cs23\i\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 1,11}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, which cannot be many miles from Bartington, itself a couple of miles from Cogshall}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907  Of the two remaining manors, Willaston}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 8,18}}}{\insrsid12807907  is seven miles from Betley}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
STS 17,10}}}{\insrsid12807907 , the nearest of the Staffordshire manors, while Newbold}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 18,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  is six miles from another, at Rushton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 1,64}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. This proximity, combined with the status of the Wulfgeats in the two counties and the likelihood that both were survivors, suggests they may be the same man. The twenty-ninth Wulfgeat in these counties, at Prenton in Wirral, may well be him also, though
 Prenton is somewhat apart from the other manors with which it has no specific links. William Malbank acquired the manor}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CHS 7,4}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Wulfgeat's Staffordshire tenancies }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11414088 9263}{
\insrsid12807907 )}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 438; the Cheshire tenant is unidentified (no. 28957).}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 WULFGEAT <OF RADCLIFFE>. Wulfgeat, tenant of William Peverel at Radcliffe-on-Trent in Nottinghamshire, m}{\insrsid12807907 ay be his predecessor at Manton}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and }{\insrsid12807907 also }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 the thane Wulfgeat at Osberton, }{\insrsid12807907 a few}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  from Manton}{\insrsid12807907 , who retained this manor for two decades}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
NTT 10,55;64. 30,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . No other Wulfgeat held land in the county in 1086. He is unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (nos. 35392, 35601).
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 WULFGEAT [* THE HUNTER *]. The Wulfgeats who held Wimborne St Giles and Bryanston in Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 56,16;34}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, Langley in Hampshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 69,52}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and Milford in Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 67,79}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 among the king's thanes of those counties in 1086 may be Wulfgeat the hunter, who held from the king on the Isle of Wight, at Chippenham in Wiltshire and possibly at }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Scetre}{\insrsid12807907  in Dorset}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
DOR 1,27}}}{\insrsid12807907  in 1066,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 and among the king's thanes at Ripley in Hampshire and Longford in Wiltshire in 1086. At Chippenham, he is described as King Edward's huntsman; and the entry for Ripley shows that he held land in both 1066 and 
1086, while that for Langley suggests that Cola the hunter (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ) was his son, in which case he may be the unnamed father of Cola at Grimstead in Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 67,42}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . The Wulfgeat at Wimborne St Giles is identified as the hunter in the Geld Roll for }{\insrsid12807907 Cranborne Hundred where Wimborne lay}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 VCH Dorset}
{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , iii. 128. Wulfgeat's tenancies at Ripley, Longford and Wimborne are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 399) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 437; the other tenants are unidentified (nos. 3015, 6646, 17193). See also Williams, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4204244 English and the Norman Conquest}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, p. 116, note 99.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 WULFHEAH <OF PLUMTREE>. All Wulfheahs in Nottinghamshire }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  predecessors of }{\insrsid12807907 Roger of Bully so may be one man, even though his holdings lay in}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  the }{\insrsid12807907 'Bully' }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 wapentakes of Rushcliffe and Oswaldbeck}{\insrsid12807907 : Fleming, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4747698 Kings and lords}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 148-49
, 162-63. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Plumtree and Normanton and their dependencies }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  adjacent}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 9,82-87}}}{\insrsid12807907 , though }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Fenton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 9,112}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  is at the other end of the county}{\insrsid12807907 
. But Wulfheah held no land in other wapentakes, and several other tenants-in-chief held land in the }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Rushcliffe }{\insrsid12807907 vills without acquiring his land, so Bully may have been his designated successor.}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WULFMER [* OF EATON SOCON *]. }{\insrsid12807907 
The royal thane Wulfmer of Eaton Socon is given his byname and often his designation as royal thane on the majority of his manors in Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Hertfordshire. Most were acquired by Eudo the steward and Azelina wife of Ralph Tallboys,
 which suggests that he is the Wulfmer whose men in Stanford and Wyboston and substantial manor at Cockayne Hatley in Bedfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 21,10. 55,4;6}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 were acquired by Azelina and her (probable) son-in-law, Hugh of Beauchamp. He is probably also the royal thane Wulfgeat who held Thurleigh}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 28,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, described as the predecessor all of whose lands were given to Eudo, which fits Wulfmer but no Wulfgeat. The description also suggests that he is the Wulfmer whose Essex manors were held by Eudo in 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12283382 
25,4;11;13;15;18-19;25}}}{\insrsid12807907 , several of them valuable. Reginald Lennard doubted this on the grounds that Wulfmer is several times described as a free man in Essex, not a thane as in Bedfordshire: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1917188 
Rural England}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 99. But Little Domesday often uses this descri
ption of men elsewhere described as thanes, or even as royal thanes or Guards; and the status of Wulfmer's manors supports the identification: the five most valuable manors held by a Wulfmer in Essex were held by Eudo's predecessor. }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 A list of }{\insrsid12807907 Wulfmer's }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 manor}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 English }{\i\insrsid12807907 n
}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 obility}{\i\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 pp. }{\insrsid12807907 364-66}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 , }{\insrsid12807907 which}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  }{\insrsid12807907 
does not include Thurleigh or the valueless Stanford. He ranks Wulfmer thirty-eighth in wealth among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 untitled laymen; Thurleigh would raise him a couple of places.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WULFMER <OF FOSTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 The Wulfmers whose manors at Shirley and Foston in Derbyshire were acquired by Henry of Ferrers}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 6,26;43}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are probably one man, though their manors lay in 'Appletree' wapentake, most of which was acquired by Ferrers as a block grant. This may be irrelevant, however, as there are no other Wulfmers in the county. The two manors are eight miles apart.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WULFMER [* THE PRIEST *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Wulfmer, a free man of Edric of Laxfield who held Stratton in Suffolk in 1066}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 6,110}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, is named Wulfmer the priest in a charter from Bury St Edmunds referring to his manor: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid13858270 Feudal }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6450678 documents}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. xc-xci, 151-52.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WULFMER [* THE REEVE *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Wulfmer, who held a tiny fief in Suffolk incorporating land he had annexed}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 73,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 is probably the king's reeve whose annexations are recorded elsewhere and who had charge of Bricett, another annexation, for the king}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 1,7. 74,4;7. 76,13-14}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, his identity suggested both by his activities and by his relationship with Roger Bigot, the sheriff, who }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13858270 had the heriot from his}{\insrsid12807907  father}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 73,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 and was his guarantor in annexing a free man to the royal manor of Bramford}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 1,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 . The holdings of Wulfmer the reeve }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 1289)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  437; the tenant-in-chief is identified as another man (no. 2095), }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 499.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WULFNOTH <OF RADFORD>. }{\insrsid12807907 
The Wulfnoths who held small properties in Radford and Old Lenton in Nottinghamshire from William Peverel}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 10,15;24}}}{\insrsid12807907  are pr
obably one man, despite the aberrant forms of his name in the Lenton entry which, as Stenton observed, 'we certainly dare not have assumed' to be the same man unless the scribe had distinctly said so ('}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4210937 
Unlof ... isdem Ulnod}{\insrsid12807907 '): Stenton, 'Domesday survey of 
Nottinghamshire' p. 230. The vills are neighbours and there are no other Wulfnoths in the county. Wulfnoth also held Lenton in 1066 but has no links with other survivors, though it is conceivable he is the one other such in any of the adjacent counties, a
t Aylestone in Leicestershire, some twenty miles to the south. The Nottinghamshire Wulfnoths are unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (nos. 35349, 35358).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WULFRIC <OF ASLOCKTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 
Wulfric, who held a bovate in Aslockton in Nottinghamshire from Ilbert of Lacy}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 20,6}}}{\insrsid12807907 , is probably the Wulfric who held a bovate there from the king}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 30,37}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. The entries may be duplicates, though since the name of the pre-Conquest lord is Leofing in one and Leofric in the other, this may be a divided holding rather than a scribal erro
r. This Wulfric is the only surviving Wulfric in Nottinghamshire or Derbyshire, and the only predecessor of Ilbert of this name; he has no links with other Wulfrics, though they are numerous in Nottinghamshire and several held land within a five mile radi
us. Both Wulfrics are unidentified in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (nos. 35562, 35642).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 WULFRIC <OF MARCHINGTON>. The Wulfrics who preceded Henry of Ferrers at Foston, Sudbury, Broughton, Hilton and Eaton Dovedale in Derbyshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 6,26;30-31;46;50}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 may be one man. All five manors are in 'Appletree' wapentake, much of which Henry may have received as a block grant}{\insrsid12807907 : Fleming, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4747698 Kings and lords}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 151-52.}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 This may not be relevant, however, as}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 the manors form a fairly tight cluster, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 four }{\insrsid12807907 lying}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  within four }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  of each other}{\insrsid12807907  and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  the fifth six }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  away}{
\insrsid12807907 . By contrast, the one other Wulfric in the county is almost forty miles away}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 7,10}}}{\insrsid12807907 . Tw}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 o }{\insrsid12807907 of Wulfric's manors }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 are not insubstantial, }{\insrsid12807907 which suggests that he may be the same man as Henry's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  one other predecessor }{\insrsid12807907 of that name}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, at Marchington in Staffordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 10,4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , }{\insrsid12807907 who had }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 a }{\insrsid12807907 substantial }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 manor}{
\insrsid12807907  - }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 valuable by Staffordshire standards}{\insrsid12807907  -}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  just across the county boundary, three }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 from Sudbury.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WULFRIC [* SON OF GODE *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The unnamed son of Gode of Woolley (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8073662 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ) who shared Welwyn in Hertfordshire with his mother in 1066}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
HRT 34,4}}}{\insrsid12807907  may be Wulfric, who shared a manor at Woolley in Huntingdonshire with her in 1066, and another in that vill in both 1066 and 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HUN 19,21. 29,5}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. His tenancy is included with that of his mother in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14240922 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 6158).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 WULFRIC [* THE HUNTER *]. The Wulfrics who held Morden and Thorn Hill in Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 56,13;18}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and Shalbourne and Britford in Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 67,65;70}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 among the king's thanes }{\insrsid12807907 in those counties }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 are }{\insrsid12807907 named}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Wulfric the hunter in the Geld Roll for }{\insrsid12807907 the Hundred
s in which these manors lay}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 : }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 VCH Dorset}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , iii. 130,}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 136; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
VCH Wiltshire}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , ii. 20}{\insrsid12807907 1}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 -202, 213-24. Wulfric succeeded his father on the Dorset manors, as did Wulfric the hunter on other }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  among the thanes of Dorset and Hampshire. It is likely, therefore, that the Wulfrics who succeeded fathers elsewhere among the thanes in Hampshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 69,18}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and Wiltshire}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
WIL 67,66-67;72}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  are the same man, as perhaps are the Wulfrics at }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Godesmanescamp}{\insrsid12807907  in Hampshire (HAM NF9,34)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and}{\insrsid12807907 
 at Swindon, Britford}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and 'Frustfield' in Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 67,69-71}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, where their predecessors are unnamed. Finally, he may be the Wulfric on the royal manor of Hinton in Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 DOR }{\insrsid12807907 1,31}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, adjacent to Thorn Hill. The manors of Wulfric (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Uluric}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ) in Wiltshire and at Morden and Thorn Hill in Dorset are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. 924) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 438, and}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  those on anonymous holdings in Hampshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 69,47}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 56,30}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  are identified as another Wulfric (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Ulric}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ) the hunter (no. 1975), }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 437; the remaining tenants are unidentified (nos. 2489, 6603, 6728).
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WULFRIC'S BROTHER'S WIFE [* WULFEVA *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The wife of Wulfric's brother who held part of his manor of Morden in Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 56,13}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 may be Wulfeva, who owed tax with Wulfric in }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid16733603 Charborough}{\insrsid12807907  Hundred, where Morden lay: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16733603 VCH Dorset}{\insrsid12807907 , iii. 136.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6362720 WULFSI. Wulfsi is a common name which occurs over seventy times, distributed among nineteen}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  counties }{\insrsid12807907 between Cornwall and Yorkshire }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 and the lands of the king and }{\insrsid12807907 almost thirty}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  of his tenants-in-chief}{\insrsid12807907 
, with large clusters in Nottinghamshire and Suffolk and smaller ones in Derbyshire and Essex. Survivors held fourteen manors distributed among nine counties and the lands of the king and six of his}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  tenants-in-chief}{
\insrsid12807907 .
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6362720 {\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WULFSI <OF DRAYNES>. }{\insrsid12807907 It is probable that Wulfsi, predecessor and tenant of th
e Count of Mortain at Draynes and }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid1775699 Treviliud}{\insrsid12807907  - said to be the same man in the text - is also the Wulfsi who held Penhole from him}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 5,24,1-2;7}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. These three, all survivors, are the only Wulfsis in the south-western counties. Wulfsi's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 245)}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  437.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WULFSI }{\insrsid12807907 [}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 SON OF}{\insrsid12807907 ?}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ] SWEIN. }{\insrsid12807907 At Bilborough in Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 10,39}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 the pre-Conquest lords who preceded William Peverel are named }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14706013 Ailric 7 Ulsi Suen}{\insrsid12807907 
, a scribal usage which may conceal Wulfsi son of Swein or Wulfsi and Swein. Either description would fit Wulfsi the noble, who held several of the previous manors from Peverel, or Swein the noble (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14706013 q.v.}{
\insrsid12807907 ), whose manors were acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14706013 Walter of Aincourt}{\insrsid12807907 , though neither tenant-in-chief appears to have acquired the manors of the other's predecessor.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6362720 WULFSTAN. Wulfstan is a fairly common name which occurs forty-four times, distributed among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  }{\insrsid12807907 seventeen}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  counties }{\insrsid12807907 
between Devon and Yorkshire }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 and the lands of the king and }{\insrsid12807907 twenty-three}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  of his tenants-in-chief}{\insrsid12807907 
, with one cluster in Yorkshire. Survivors held two manors.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6362720 {\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WULFSTAN <OF DRAYTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 T
he Wulfstans who preceded Roger of Bully at West Drayton and Harworth in Nottinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NTT 9,31;55-56}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Marr in Yorkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab YKS 10W27}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 may be one man. The Nottinghamshire Wulfstans are th
e only two in the county; and Harworth is roughly midway between Drayton and Marr, about fourteen miles from either. Both Harworth and Marr were subinfeudated to the same tenant, Fulco of Lisors. Roger had no other predecessors named Wulfstan.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WULFSTAN <OF ORTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 The Wulfstans (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16410641 Ultan}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16410641 Ulstan}{\insrsid12807907 
) from whom William son of Ansculf acquired Orton, Himley and Pendeford in Staffordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 12,7;12;20}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are probably one man, the only Wulfstan in the county; the vills are a few miles apart. William had no other predecessors of this name, and Wulfstan no links with other Wulfstans. It has been suggested, however, that }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16410641 Untan}{\insrsid12807907  (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16410641 q.v.}{\insrsid12807907 ), William's predecessor at Bradley}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 12,23}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, may be a variant form of Wulfstan: von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12721020 Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 402. If so, then he is probably the same man as }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid16410641 Untain}{\insrsid12807907 
, a predecessor of Thorkil of Warwick.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WULFSTAN <OF SWARKESTONE>. }{\insrsid12807907 The Wulfstans from whom Henry of Ferrers acquired a small manor in Swarkestone and a waste holding at Twyford in Derbyshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 6,83;87}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 are probably one man, the only Wulfstan in the county; the vills are three miles apart. Henry had no other predecessors of this name, and Wulfstan no links with other Wulfstans.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6362720 WULFWARD. Wulfward is a very common name which occurs more than 120 times, distributed}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  among }{\insrsid12807907 twenty-five}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  counties }{
\insrsid12807907 between Cornwall and Yorkshire }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 and the lands of the king and }{\insrsid12807907 almost sixty}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  of his tenants-in-chief}{\insrsid12807907 
, with clusters in Sussex, Hampshire, Devon, Somerset, Buckinghamshire, Gloucestershire and Suffolk. Survivors held sixteen manors distributed among eight counties }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 and the lands of the king and }{\insrsid12807907 nine}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  of his tenants-in-chief}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6362720 {\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 WULFWARD <OF RINSEY>. The Wulfwards who held}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Rinsey}{
\insrsid12807907  in the royal manor of Winnianton}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and }{\cf1\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Treveador }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 in Cornwall from the Count of Mortain}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 1,1. 5,24,6}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  are probably one}{\insrsid12807907  man}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , the only Wulfward in the county}{\insrsid12807907 ; many of the Count's tenants also held part of Winnianton, which the Count controlled}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .}{\insrsid12807907  Wulfward's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  manors are recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  (no. }{\insrsid12807907 1693}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ) and referenced in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. }{\insrsid12807907 499}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WULFWARD [* OF WANGFORD *]. }{\insrsid12807907 Wulfward, who held Wangford in Suffolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 14,19}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 from the abbey of Bury St Edmunds in 1086, is probably Wulfward of Wangford, named in a number of royal charters and other documents of the following years: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 Feudal documents}{\insrsid12807907 
, pp. 65, 70-71, 108, 153, 156. According to the Feudal Book of Abbot Baldwin, he is also the Wulfward who held Flempton and Elveden from the abbey}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF 14,12;20}}}{\insrsid12807907 : }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12718660 Feudal documents}{\insrsid12807907 , p 17. Bury had no other tenants of this name - though one predecessor}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SUF }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid11620861 14,39}}}{
\insrsid12807907  - and there were no more in the county. Wulfward's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 
(no. 10286)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907 
 439, apart from Elveden, assigned to the abbey's demesne; the commentary in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907  is corrected in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6362720 Coel}{\insrsid12807907 .
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WULFWARD [* WHITE THE NOBLE *]. Wulfward White is }{\insrsid12807907 accorded his byname}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in ten of the twelve counties }{\insrsid12807907 in which}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 he held land, which helps to identify him elsewhere. In Gloucestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 60,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , Middlesex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab MDX 10,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , Oxfordshire}
{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
OXF 40,3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and probably Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 3,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
, his predecessor was Arnulf of Hesdin, which makes it likely that he is the Wulfward who preceded Arnulf at Newbury in Berkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 50,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 and Toddington in Bedfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BDF 20,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Despite the problematic form of the name in this }{\insrsid12807907 last }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 entry - }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Wluuardus leuet}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  - the high status of the holding and Arnulf's succession virtually guarantee that this is Wulfward White, as suggested long ago b}{\insrsid12807907 y Round,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 
'Domesday survey of Berkshire',}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13043600  p.}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  363. Wulfward may also have been Arnulf's predecessor at Cholderton in Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 25,15}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
, though this Wulfward is said to hold the same land in 1066 and 1086 and Wulfward White is elsewhere treated as though he were dead }{\insrsid12807907 before Domesday}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 10,1. WIL 3,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{
\insrsid12807907 Round}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  suggest}{\insrsid12807907 ed}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  he }{\insrsid12807907 survived 'almost to the time of Domesday',}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  which }{\insrsid12807907 would}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  account for the discrepancy}{\insrsid12807907 : }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12918480 'Domesday survey of Buckinghamshire}{\insrsid12807907 '}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12918480 , p. 216}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }
{\insrsid12807907 An}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 other of Wulfward}{\insrsid12807907  White}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 's predecessors was Bishop Odo of Bayeux at Merston in Kent}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN 5,114}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
; and since Wulfward also had jurisdictional privileges in the county, it is }{\insrsid12807907 not un}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 likely that he is the only other Wulfward holding land there, at Waldershare}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab KEN D25. 5,215}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, also acquired by Bishop Odo}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .
\par \tab Another of Wulfward White's distinguish}{\insrsid12807907 ing characteristics is that he and his wife Edeva}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  were dependants of Queen Edith}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HAM 10,1. SOM 1,32-35}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  which enables him to be identified as the Wulfward who held land from her in the roy}{\insrsid12807907 al manor of Keynsham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 1,28}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 and at Addingrove and 'Shortley' in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 14,6. 56,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . He was also a thane of King Edward}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab MDX 8,5. 10,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{
\insrsid12807907 so}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  he }{\insrsid12807907 may be}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the royal thane of that name at Stewkley and Shenley}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 5,5. 42,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
, called Wulfward the noble at Stewkley. As a lord of men, he }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  certainly the Wulfward at Ickenham, where he is named in full on a second }{\insrsid12807907 manor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{
\insrsid12807907 in that vill}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab MDX 7,8. 15,2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , and probably also }{\insrsid12807907 the Wulfward }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 at Milton Keynes}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 17,31}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , close to the 
}{\insrsid12807907 manor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  at Shenley and adjacent to }{\insrsid12807907 that of his son}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  at Woughton}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 12,31}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
, assuming Wulfward son of Edeva}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 to be his son.
\par \tab Finally, in Dorset, where he was the predecessor of William of Falaise at Milton, }{\insrsid12807907 the Wulfward}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 who held Pentridge from }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid13573729 Glastonbury}{
\insrsid12807907  abbey }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 is }{\insrsid12807907 named}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Wulfward }{\insrsid12807907 White in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  the }{\insrsid12807907 Geld Roll}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  for }{\insrsid12807907 Cranborne Hundred where }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Pentridge }{\insrsid12807907 lay}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 8,5}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 : }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 VCH Dorset}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , iii. 128. }{\insrsid12807907 He may also be the Wulfgar}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2648839  White}{\insrsid12807907 
 who leased twelve acres of meadow in the royal manor of Melcombe Horsey}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 1,30}}}{\insrsid12807907 . }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 In Lincolnshire, }{\insrsid12807907 where he had}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  full jurisdictional and market rights}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN T5}}}{\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 he is probably the Wulfward who preceded Guy of Craon on the substantial
 manor of Butterwick}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab LIN 57,38-39}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  this }{\insrsid12807907 being }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 the only }{\insrsid12807907 manor}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 held by}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  a Wulfward in the county. Less certainly, he may be the Wulfward who preceded Matthew of Mortagne on his fiefs in Berkshire and Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 59,1. WIL 63,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
, counties where Wulfward had a substantial presence; the manors are of appropriate status.}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 A list of }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Wulfward}{\insrsid12807907 's}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 manor}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid11564255 English nobility}{\i\insrsid12807907 , }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 pp. }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 366-68}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229 , }{\insrsid12807907 which}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14369229  omits}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Pentridge}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Keynsham and }{\insrsid12807907 Shenley, and assigns the Buckinghamshire manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  at Stewkley, Addingrove, Milton Keynes and 'Shortley' to }{\insrsid12807907 Wulfward's}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  son, Wulfward son of Edeva}{\insrsid12807907 , also }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 identified }{\insrsid12807907 there }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 as Wulfward the noble.}{\insrsid12807907  Clarke ranks }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Wulfward }{\insrsid12807907 with his wife and son seventeenth in wealth among the nobility, eighth among}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 untitled laymen
; the additional holdings would not affect this. The }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8390390 Statistics}{\insrsid12807907  database records Wulfward's assessed land as 192 hides; Dr Williams estimates it as 'over' 150 hides: }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4204244 English and the Norman Conquest}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , pp. 99-100}{\insrsid12807907 . See also }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Stafford, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Queen Emma & Queen Edith}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p}{\insrsid12807907 . 318.
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 WULFWIN. Wulfwin is a very common}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  name}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2513720 which }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 occurs }{\insrsid12807907 about 140}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  times, distributed among }{\insrsid12807907 twenty-seven}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  counties }{\insrsid12807907 between Cornwall and Yorkshire }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 and the lands of the king and }{
\insrsid12807907 almost sixty}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  of his tenants-in-chief}{\insrsid12807907 
, with large clusters in Essex and Suffolk and smaller ones in Cambridgeshire, Warwickshire and Worcestershire; the great majority of the most valuable manors lay in those counties. Survivors held ten manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 
distributed among }{\insrsid12807907 seven}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  counties}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248 and the lands of the king and }{\insrsid12807907 five}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid9659248  of his tenants-in-chief}{
\insrsid12807907 .
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12189851 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }{\insrsid12807907 .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7696608 {\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WULFWIN [* OF EASTWICK *]. It is probable that the Wulfwin}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{
\insrsid12807907 of}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Eastwick and Hailey }{\insrsid12807907 in Hertfordshire are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Wulfwin of Eastwick}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 overlord at
}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Stanstead Abbots}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HRT 34,13;23-24}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . Geoffrey of Bec acquired the lands of all three, which }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 in neighbouring vills, Wulfwin being described as a man of Earl Harold at Hailey and his thane at Eastwick.}{\insrsid12807907 
 There are no other Wulfwins on Geoffrey's Honour. The cluster of Wulfwin manors is somewhat isolated from those of his namesakes; the nearest of them, a man of Esger the constable at Great Hormead}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3295034 HRT 38,2}}}{
\insrsid12807907  and the one other Wulfwin in the county, is fifteen miles to the north.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WULFWIN <OF GILLINGHAM>. }{\insrsid12807907 Wulfwin, who held land worth six shillings at Gillingham among the royal thanes of Dorset in 1086}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DOR 56,5}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, may have held the same property in 1066, no pre-Conquest landowner being recorded. He has no links with other Wulfwins, none within forty miles, the nearest survivor being almost seventy miles away, at Hanney in Berkshire. He is unidentified in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14295381 Coel}{\insrsid12807907  (no. 2982).
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WULFWIN <OF PENHOLE>. }{\insrsid12807907 Wulfwin, who held Penhole in Cornwall in 1066}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 5,24,7}}}{\insrsid12807907 , who is named Wine in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid6717044 Exon.}{\insrsid12807907 , may be the Wine at Kilminorth}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CON 5,4,19}}}{\insrsid12807907 , about ten miles away. Wine 'seems to be a short form' of Wulfwin: von Feilitzen, }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12721020 Pre-Conquest personal names}{\insrsid12807907 , p. 415. Wine is not recorded elsewhere, and there are no other Wulfwins in Cornwall.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WULFWIN <OF SALTHROP>. }{\insrsid12807907 Wulfwin, whose manor at Salthrop in Wiltshire was acquired by Humphrey de l'Isle}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 27,8}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has no links with other Wulfwins, and Humphrey no other predecessors or tenants of that name. Humphrey, however, had at least seventeen predecessors on the twenty-seven manors in his Honour, entirely located in Wiltshire, so may have acquired
 Salthrop as part of a block grant, in which case the tenurial factor may be irrelevant. Salthrop is the most valuable of the Wulfwin manors in the south-west, so it is possible that he is the same man as Wulfwin of Tolland, the most prosperous of his nam
esakes in the area.}{\cf1\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 WULFWIN <OF SUTTON>. Wulfwin}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  who preceded William the usher on a half-hide at Sutton in south Devon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 51,10}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  has no links with other Wulfwins; but since William acquired the manor by exchange}{\insrsid12807907  - it is not said from whom -}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  tenurial factors are not relevant. The manor is}{
\insrsid12807907 , however,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  somewhat isolated from those of other Wulfwins.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WULFWIN <OF TOLLAND>. }{\insrsid12807907 As the name is uncommon in the south-west, the Wulfwins whose manors of Broford, Exford and Tolland in Somerset were acquired by }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12721020 
Roger of Courseulles}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{
\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 21,51;68;82}}}{\insrsid12807907  are probably one man, who may also be the Wulfwin at Cheddon Fitzpaine}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 22,22}}}{\insrsid12807907  and at Bray in Devon}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
DEV 52,36}}}{\insrsid12807907 , predecessors of Roger Arundel and Alnoth of Bray respectively. Cheddon and Bray flank the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12721020  Courseulles}{\insrsid12807907 
 manors; each is of similar status, and both closer to one of them than they are to each other. He is perhaps less likely to be the one other Wulfwin in the two counties, at Sutton in Devon}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 51,10}}}{\insrsid12807907 , a small property in the sou
th of the county. It is not unlikely that he is the Wulfwin whose land at Salthrop in Wiltshire was acquired by Humphrey de l'Isle, though there are no links to confirm this. None of these tenants-in-chief had other tenants or predecessors named Wulfwin.

\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 WULFWIN [* SON OF ALFWIN *]. Wulfwin, a royal thane and a regional magnate, is }{\insrsid12807907 named as Alfwin's son in the}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Ramsey chronicle}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  which records a lease involving four of his manors (below). He affords a classic example of an English lord supplying title to a Norman baron. He is several times described as the predecessor of Aubrey de Vere}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
CAM 29,1;11. SUF 6,216;227. 35,2}}}{\insrsid12807907 , or implied to be so; and with trivial exceptions}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 all his manors were acquired by Aubrey, who held virtually nothing else as a tenant-in-chief. If Aubrey's illegal acts are discounted, all his manors in Cambridgeshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 29,1-11}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Essex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ESS 35,1-2;4-13}{\insrsid12807907 . B3t}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and Suffolk (35,1-2;5-7}{\insrsid12807907 . 68,5. 76,21}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ) were previously held by Wulfwin, with two minor exceptions, one a royal grant}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab ESS 35,14}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , the other where Wulfwin may be the unnamed overlord of the manorial lord}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
ESS 35,3}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . Aubrey held two manors in Huntingdonshire as a tenant-in-chief, previously held by an Aelfric from the abbey of Ramsey}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid3295034 HUN 22,1}{
\insrsid12807907 -2. D7}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 ; but although this appears to be an exception, the Ramsey chronicle records that Wulfwin leased these manors from the abbey in return for
 the reversion of four of his own manors, Abington in Cambridgeshire, Ugley and Bumpstead in Essex, and Waldingfield in Suffolk: }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Chronicon abbatiae Rameseiensis}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
, pp. 152-53. How these arrangements produced the outcome recorded in Domesday Book is unclear, but the involvement of Wulfwin is evident, and the claim }{\insrsid12807907 in}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  the }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
Ramsey chronicle}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  that the king }{\insrsid12807907 gave}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  Wulfwin's 'entire inheritance' to Aubrey scarcely exaggerated}{\insrsid12807907 : Williams, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4204244 
English and the Norman Conquest}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 142-43}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 .
\par \tab Conversely, the only manors of Wulfwin which were not acquired by Aubrey appear to be two small holdings in Babraham}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab CAM 1,15}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  and Horseheath}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
CAM 26,9}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  in Cambridgeshire, vills where Wulfwin had a second property. }{\insrsid12807907 Dr }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Hart suggests that Wulfwin may be Wulfwin the hunter, who held a portion of I}{
\insrsid12807907 sleworth in Cambridgeshire; but while not impossible}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  this seems unlikely in view of Wulfwin's magnate status and the devolution of his other }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 : }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Early charters of eastern England}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 , p. 36. Wulfwin is a common name, particularly so in Essex and Suffo
lk, so it is not possible to be certain about the identity of other Wulfwins in the area. On the other hand, the name was clearly borne by many separate individuals}{\insrsid12807907  since}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
 no less than a dozen are recorded in Colchester alone; and whereas nineteen of the manors acquired by Aubrey from Wulfwin }{\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  worth \'a3
5 or more, not a single other manor held by a Wulfwin in Essex, Cambridgeshire or Suffolk }{\insrsid12807907 is}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  worth as much.}{\insrsid12807907  }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 
A list of Wulfwin's manors is given by Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 English nobility, }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 p. 369, which does not include Babraham and Abington in Cambridgeshire or his Suffolk manors and men. }{
\insrsid12807907 Dr }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 Clarke ranks him thirty-third in wealth among the nobility, twenty-second among untitled laymen; the addition of Abington and the Suffolk manors would raise him to twenty-third and twelf
th positions respectively.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WULFWYNN.}{\insrsid12807907  Wulfwynn is an uncommon name which occurs fifteen times, distributed among e
ight counties in southern England, all borne by pre-Conquest landowners. Most manors were valuable, or very valuable, all but four devolving upon the same tenant-in-chief.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 WULFWYNN [* OF CRESLOW *]. }{\insrsid12807907 The Wulfwynns }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 whose }{\insrsid12807907 manors}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 24,1-3}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , Dorset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 DOR 3}{\insrsid12807907 1,1-2}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , Hertfordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 H}{\insrsid12807907 
RT 32,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , Middlesex}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab MDX 20,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 , Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 40,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and Wiltshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab WIL 24,24;27;41}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 were acquired by Edward of Salisbury, sheriff of Wiltshire, }{\insrsid12807907 are probably}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Wulfwynn of Creslow, }{\insrsid12807907 so-named in an anonymous Buckinghamshire vill which preceded her manor at Creslow}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 Her status as Edward's predecessor is emphasised by the fact that she provided his entire fief in Dorset, Middlesex and Buckinghamshire. }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
It is 'more than likely' that she was Edward's mother: Williams, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4204244 English and the Norman Conquest}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , p. 105. }{\insrsid12807907 
Her byname is evidently local, since she had more valuable manors in every other county, and another in Buckinghamshire itself.
\par \tab Her}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{\insrsid12807907 fore}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 name occurs four more times in Domesday Book. The two small properties in Devon may have belonged to another }{\insrsid12807907 woman}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 ; but the Wulfwynns at Helsthorpe in Buckinghamshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BUK 43,4}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  and Hinton Waldrist in Berkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 65,1}}}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  }{
\insrsid12807907 are}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  probably Wulfwynn of Creslow. Helsthorpe was held by a man of Wulfwynn, and no other }{\insrsid12807907 over}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 lords of this name are recorded; and Hinton}{
\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  a }{\insrsid12807907 valuable}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  manor}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  lay between }{\insrsid12807907 her}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 
 Wiltshire and Buckinghamshire properties}{\insrsid12807907 . }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338 A list of }{\insrsid12807907 her}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  manor}{\insrsid12807907 s}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid6255338  is given by }{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Clarke, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 English nobility}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , p. 370, }{\insrsid12807907 which}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  includes Hinton Waldrist but }{\insrsid12807907 not}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741  Hinton Charterhouse in Somerset}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab SOM 40,1}}}{\insrsid12807907 
. Dr Clarke ranks her thirty-fourth in wealth among the nobility, twenty-third among untitled laymen; the addition of H
inton would place her comfortably among the top thirty and twenty respectively; she was the wealthiest female landowner after the Queen Edith, Countess Gytha and Edeva the fair}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 .}{\insrsid12807907 
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 WULFWYNN <OF MOLLAND>. If the manors assigned to Wulfwynn of Creslow are excluded, only two Wulfwynns are unaccounted for, both holding modest properties in Devon, at Molland and Brayley}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DEV 3,61. 42,15}}}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385 . As they are of similar status}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  in the same area of north Devon, }{\insrsid12807907 and roughly}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 a dozen}{
\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  }{\insrsid12807907 miles}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid988385  apart, they may have been held by one woman, despite devolving upon different tenants-in-chief.
\par }{\insrsid12807907 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 W}{\insrsid12807907 YNRIC [* OF PALENCES *]}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 . }{\insrsid12807907 'It is highly probable' that Wynric (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid15348663 Wenric}{\insrsid12807907 
), who held the manors of Chilton in Berkshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab BRK 7,34}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Sandford-on-Thames in Oxfordshire from Abingdon abbey}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab OXF 9,3;5}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 is Gueres de Palences, who held manors in those vills and elsewhere from the abbey according to its chronicle: Stenton, 'Domesday survey of Oxfordshire', p. 381; }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid8214004 Historia Ecclesie Abbendonensis}{\insrsid12807907 
, i. 322-23. The hidage of Sandford does not agree with Domesday, and Bayworth and Sunningwell, attributed to Gueres in the chronicle, had other tenants there; but this is no doubt due to the shuffling of tenancies which can often be 
detected between Domesday and their next appearance in the sources. There can be little doubt that Wynric (or Gueres) is one man, since he is the only tenant of this name in Domesday (though a Guerri is recorded in Middlesex and Suffolk). The name-forms a
re a difficulty, since Gueres is thought to represent the Old French name Werric (}{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4804102 Guerri}{\insrsid12807907 ), Wynric an Old English name: Forssner}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 , }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 Continental-Germanic }{\i\insrsid12807907 personal names}{\insrsid12807907 , pp. 251-52; von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid14356621 Old English personal names}{\insrsid12807907 
, p. 429. Stenton postulated that }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid4804102 Guerri}{\insrsid12807907 
 evolved from Wynric, Gueres being an intermediate form. Whatever the etymological niceties, the rarity of the name and the tenurial links make the identification all but certain. Less certainly, the other two Wynrics in Domesday, pre-Conquest lords of W
incot in Gloucestershire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }
{\insrsid12807907 \tab GLS 33,1}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Sawbury Hill in Herefordshire}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab HEF 10,65}}}{\insrsid12807907 , are probably Englishmen, not to be identified with the Abingdon tenant; and the Guerris of Middlesex}{
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab 
MDX 3,16}}}{\insrsid12807907  and Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid14043827 37,2-3}}}{\insrsid12807907  have no discernible links. Wynric's manors }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 are }{\insrsid12807907 recorded in }{
\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 Coel}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  }{\insrsid12807907 (no. 1583)}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  and }{\insrsid12807907 referenced}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109  in }{\i\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 
Domesday people}{\insrsid12807907\charrsid12460109 , p.}{\insrsid12807907  462, under Wenric of Palences.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 YLVING. }{\insrsid12807907 The name Ylving occurs three times, distributed among three counties and the lands of as many tenants-in-chief, all borne by pre-Conquest landowners.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 YLVING <OF COTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 Ylving, who held a waste virgate at Coton in Staffordshire in 1066}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab STS 1,42}}}{\insrsid12807907 
 left untenanted by the king, has no links with other Ylvings, the nearest of whom shared a modest manor worth \'a31 at Middleton in Derbyshire, almost thirty miles to the north.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 YLVING <OF MIDDLETON>. }{\insrsid12807907 Ylving, who shared a modest manor worth \'a31 at Middleton in Derbyshire acquired by Henry of Ferrers}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab DBY 6,77}}}{\insrsid12807907 
, has no links with other Ylvings, the nearest holding a waste virgate almost thirty miles to the south.
\par 
\par .............................................................................................................................................
\par }{\insrsid12807907\charrsid2700741 YLVING <OF THURGARTON>. }{\insrsid12807907 Ylving, lord of a free man at Thurgarton in Norfolk}{\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cs23\super\insrsid12807907 \chftn }{\insrsid12807907 \tab NFK 9,152}}}{\insrsid12807907 ,}{\insrsid12721020  }{
\insrsid10172510 is }{\insrsid12721020 apparently }{\insrsid10172510 a lord }{\insrsid12721020 without demesne }{\insrsid13715425 land }{\insrsid12721020 of his own. He has no }{\insrsid8061664 links with other}{\insrsid12721020  Ylvings}{
\insrsid10172510 , the nearest being almost 150 miles away}{\insrsid12721020 .}{\insrsid16281876 
\par }{\insrsid8061664 
\par .............................................................................................................................................}{\insrsid1396151 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14503119 {\insrsid1396151 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14503119 {\b\insrsid8214004 Abbreviations}{\insrsid9524888\charrsid9524888 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx2160\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14503119 {\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid9927177 ANS}{\insrsid8214004 \tab }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid9927177 Anglo-Norman Studies}{\insrsid8214004 
\par }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid9927177 EHR\tab English Historical Review}{\i\insrsid8214004 
\par }{\i\insrsid4921700 DNB\tab }{\i\insrsid4921700\charrsid8214004 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography}{\i\insrsid4921700 
\par }{\i\insrsid5118483 Exon.\tab Liber Exoniensis}{\insrsid5118483  (most relevant material }{\insrsid4921700 is }{\insrsid5118483 printed in the Phillimore edition)
\par }{\i\insrsid7017161\charrsid7017161 Monasticon\tab }{\i\insrsid7017161\charrsid8214004 Monasticon Anglicanum}{\insrsid7017161  (edn. 1817-30)
\par }{\insrsid2909783\charrsid2909783 Bates, }{\i\insrsid2909783 Regesta\tab }{\i\insrsid2909783\charrsid8214004 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\insrsid2909783\charrsid8214004 , ed. David Bates}{\insrsid2909783\charrsid7017161 
\par }{\i\insrsid8214004 VCH\tab Victoria County History
\par }{\i\insrsid8389172\charrsid8389172 Winton Domesday}{\i\insrsid8389172 \tab }{\i\insrsid8389172\charrsid8214004 Winchester in the early middle ages}{\i\insrsid8214004 
\par }{\insrsid8389172\charrsid7043621 
\par }\pard \qc \fi-2160\li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14503119 {\insrsid8214004\charrsid5395539 Full titles of works cited in the notes}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid731055 
\par (numbers are pages numbers unless otherwise stated)}{\insrsid8214004 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-3600\li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14503119 {\insrsid8214004 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-288\li288\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\tx9720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin288\itap0\pararsid4029725 \cbpat8 {\insrsid6893325 Abels, Richard. 'Introduction to the Bedfordshire Domesday', }{\i\insrsid6893325\charrsid8214004 The }{
\i\insrsid6893325 Bedfordshire}{\i\insrsid6893325\charrsid8214004  Domesday}{\insrsid6893325\charrsid8214004 , ed. Ann Williams and R.W.H. Erskine (19}{\insrsid6893325 91}{\insrsid6893325\charrsid8214004 ), 1-}{\insrsid6893325 51}{
\insrsid6893325\charrsid8214004 .}{\insrsid6893325\charrsid13635572 
\par }{\insrsid6893325 Abels, Richard. 'Introduction to the Hertfordshire Domesday', }{\i\insrsid6893325\charrsid8214004 The }{\i\insrsid6893325\charrsid6893325 Hertfordshire}{\i\insrsid6893325\charrsid8214004  Domesday}{\insrsid6893325\charrsid8214004 
, ed. Ann Williams and R.W.H. Erskine (19}{\insrsid6893325 91}{\insrsid6893325\charrsid8214004 ), 1-}{\insrsid6893325 36}{\insrsid6893325\charrsid8214004 .}{\insrsid6893325\charrsid13635572 
\par }{\insrsid1331377\charrsid13133220 Abels, Richard P. 'Sheriffs, lord-seeking and the Norman settlement of the south-east midlands', }{\i\insrsid1331377\charrsid13133220 ANS}{\insrsid1331377\charrsid13133220  19 (1997), 19-50}{\insrsid1331377 .}{
\insrsid1331377\charrsid13133220 
\par }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Ancient charters, royal and private, prior to A.D. 1200, part 1}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , ed. J.H. Round, Pipe Roll Society, vol. 10 (1888).
\par Andrew Lowerre, }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Placing castles in the Conquest: landscape, lordship and local politics in the south-eastern Midlands, 1066-1100}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , BAR British series, 385 (2005).
\par }\pard \ql \fi-288\li288\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin288\itap0\pararsid4029725 {\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Anglo-Saxons: studies presented to Cyril Roy Hart}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 
, ed. Simon Keynes and Alfred P. Smyth (2006).}{\insrsid8214004 
\par }{\insrsid16138293 Ballard, }{\i\insrsid16138293\charrsid5915518 An eleventh-century inquisition}{\i\insrsid16138293  of St Augustine's, Canterbury}{\insrsid16138293 
, British Academy Records of the Social and Economic History of England and Wales, IV/ii (1920), i-xxvii, 1-33.}{\insrsid16138293\charrsid16138293 
\par }{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Barlow, Frank. }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Edward the Confessor}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004  (1970).
\par Barlow, Frank. }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 The English Church, 1000-1066.
\par }{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Baxter, Stephen. 'The death of Burghard and its context', in }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Frankland}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , pp. 266-84.
\par }\pard \ql \fi-288\li288\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin288\itap0\pararsid4029725 {\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Baxter, Stephen. }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 
The earls of Mercia: lordship and power in late Anglo-Saxon England}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004  (2007).
\par }\pard \ql \fi-288\li288\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin288\itap0\pararsid4029725 {\insrsid1331377\charrsid988385 Baxter, Stephen. 'The }{\insrsid1331377 earls of Mercia and their commended men in the mid eleventh century}{
\insrsid1331377\charrsid988385 ', }{\i\insrsid1331377\charrsid1008078 ANS}{\insrsid1331377  23 (2001), 23-46}{\insrsid1331377\charrsid988385 .
\par }\pard \ql \fi-288\li288\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin288\itap0\pararsid4029725 {\i\cf1\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Beauchamp }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 cartulary c}{\i\cf1\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 
harters, 1100-1268}{\cf1\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , ed. Emma Mason, Pipe Roll Society 81, new series, 43 (1980).}{\cf1\insrsid8214004 
\par }{\insrsid7817144 Blair, John. }{\i\insrsid7817144\charrsid7817144 The}{\insrsid7817144  }{\i\insrsid7817144\charrsid7817144 Church in Anglo-Saxon society}{\i\insrsid7817144  }{\insrsid7817144 (2005).}{\cf1\insrsid7817144\charrsid7817144 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-288\li288\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin288\itap0\pararsid4029725 {\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Boarstall cartulary}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 
, ed. H.E. Salter, Oxford Historical Society, vol. 88 (1930).
\par }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Book of Fees: Liber Feodorum. The Book of Fees commonly called }{\i\insrsid282605 T}{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 esta de Neville, reformed from the earliest manuscripts, by the Deputy Keeper of the Records}{
\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , 3 vols. (1920-31).
\par Boyle, J.R. 'Who was Edeva?', }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Transactions of the East Riding Antiquarian Society}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , 4 (1906), 11-22.}{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-288\li288\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin288\itap0\pararsid4029725 {\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Brett, M. }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 The English Church under Henry I}{
\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004  (1975).
\par British History online (}{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004  HYPERLINK "http://www.british-history.ac.uk/" }{\insrsid8287289\charrsid8214004 {\*\datafield 
00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b4400000068007400740070003a002f002f007700770077002e0062007200690074006900730068002d0068006900730074006f00720079002e00610063002e0075006b002f00000000000c0000aa030d65dc005c0e01
010004000000000000000049000000ff0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000}}}{\fldrslt {\cs24\ul\cf2\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 http://www.british-history.ac.uk/}}}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 ).
\par }\pard \ql \fi-288\li288\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin288\itap0\pararsid4029725 {\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Burton cartulary: an abstract of the contents}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , ed. G. Wrottesley, in }{
\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Collections for a history of Staffordshire}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , ed. William Salt Archaeological Society, first series, v/i (1884), 1-101.
\par Camden, William. }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Britannia: a chronological description of Great Britain and Ireland}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , translated by Edmund Gibson, 2 volumes (1695).
\par }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Calendar of documents preserved in France illustrative of the history of Great Britain and Ireland, i: 918-1206}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , ed. J.H. Round (1899).
\par }\pard \ql \fi-288\li288\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin288\itap0\pararsid4029725 {\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem and other analogous documents i
n the Public Record Office (Henry III-Richard III)}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004  15 vols. (1904-70).
\par }{\insrsid1331377 Campbell, James. 'Some agents and agencies of the late Anglo-Saxon state', in }{\i\insrsid1331377\charrsid10696897 Domesday Studies}{\insrsid1331377 , 201-18.}{\insrsid1331377\charrsid10696897 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-288\li288\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin288\itap0\pararsid4029725 {\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Carmen}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004  }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 
de Hastingae proelio of Guy bishop of Amiens}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , ed. Frank Barlow, Oxford Medieval Texts (1999).
\par }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Cartularium }{\i\insrsid282605 p}{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 rioratus de Colne}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , ed. J.L. Fisher, Essex Archaeological Society, Occasional Publications, 1 (1946).
\par }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Cartulary of Blyth priory}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , ed. R.T. Timson (1973).
\par }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Cartulary of St Mark's hospital, Bristol}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , ed. C.D. Ross, Bristol Record Society 21 (1959).
\par }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Cartulary of the Cistercian abbey of Old Wardon, Bedfordshire}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , ed. G.H. Fowler, Bedfordshire Historical Society (1931).
\par }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Cartulary of Oseney abbey}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , ed. H.E. Salter, Oxford Historical Society, 89-91, 97-98, 101, 6 vols. (1929-36).
\par }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Cartulary of Ramsey abbey}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , ed. W.H. Hart and P.A. Lyons, 3 vols., Rolls Series 79 (1884-93).
\par }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Cartulary of Shrewsbury abbey}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , ed. Una Rees, 2 volumes (1975).
\par }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Cartulary of Tutbury priory}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , ed. A. Saltman (1962).
\par }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Charters of Abingdon abbey}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , ed. S.E. Kelly,}{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004  }{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Anglo-Saxon Charters, vii-viii, 2 vols. (2000-2001).
\par }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Charters of the Anglo-Norman earls of Chester, c. 1071-1237}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , ed. Geoffrey Barraclough, Record Society of Lancashire and Cheshire, vol. 126 (1988).}{
\expnd1\expndtw7\cf1\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 
\par }{\i\expnd1\expndtw7\cf1\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Charters of the Honour of Mowbray, 1107-1191}{\expnd1\expndtw7\cf1\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , ed. D.E. Greenway (1972).
\par }\pard \ql \fi-288\li288\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin288\itap0\pararsid4029725 {\i\cf1\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Charters of the Redvers family and the earldom of Devon, 1090-1217}{
\cf1\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , ed. Robert Bearman, Devon and Cornwall Record Society, new series, 37, (1994).}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 
\par }{\i\insrsid13710473\charrsid8214004 Chartulary of the}{\i\insrsid13710473  high church of Chichester}{\insrsid13710473\charrsid8214004 , ed. }{\insrsid13710473 W.D. Peckham}{\insrsid13710473\charrsid8214004 , Sussex Record Society, }{\insrsid14703339 46}
{\insrsid13710473\charrsid8214004  (19}{\insrsid14703339 46}{\insrsid1194820 );;}{\insrsid13710473\charrsid8214004  40 (1935).
\par }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Chartulary of the priory of St. Pancras of Lewes}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , ed. L.F. Salzman, 2 parts, Sussex Record Society, 38 (1933); 40 (1935).}{\insrsid8214004 
\par }{\insrsid16059252 Chetwynd, Walter. 'Collections for a history of Pirehill Hundred', ed. Frederick Parker }{\insrsid16059252\charrsid8214004 in }{\i\insrsid16059252\charrsid8214004 Collections for a history of Staffordshire}{
\insrsid16059252\charrsid8214004 , ed. William Salt Archaeological Society,}{\insrsid16059252  2 vols. new series, xii (1909), 1-273}{\insrsid16059252\charrsid8214004 ; republished on CD-ROM by Midlands Historical Data (2005)}{\insrsid16059252 .}{
\insrsid16059252\charrsid16059252 
\par }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Chronicle of Battle abbey}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , ed. Eleanor Searle (1980).}{\insrsid8214004 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-288\li288\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin288\itap0\pararsid4029725 {\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Chronicle of John of Oxenede}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , ed. Henry Ellis, Rolls Series 13 (1859).

\par }\pard \ql \fi-288\li288\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin288\itap0\pararsid4029725 {\i\insrsid14702598\charrsid663229 Chronicle of John of Worcester}{\insrsid14702598 , ed. R.R. Darlington and P. McGurk, vols. 2-3 (1995-98).
}{\insrsid14702598\charrsid663229 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-288\li288\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin288\itap0\pararsid4029725 {\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Chronicon abbatiae Rameseiensis (c. 924-1200)}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 
, ed. W.D. Macray, Rolls Series 83 (1886).
\par }\pard \ql \fi-288\li288\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin288\itap0\pararsid4029725 {\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Chronicon monasterii de Melsa}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 
, ed. E. A. Bond, 3 vols., Rolls Series 43 (1866-68).}{\insrsid8214004 
\par }{\insrsid14317597 Clay, C.T. 'The family of Amundeville', }{\i\insrsid14317597\charrsid14317597 Lincolnshire Architectural and Archaeological Society Reports and Papers}{\insrsid14317597 , new series 3/i (1945), 109-36.
\par }{\insrsid3168821 Clay, C.T. 'The Keepership of the Old Palace of Westminster', }{\i\insrsid3168821\charrsid3168821 EHR}{\insrsid3168821  59 (1944), 1-21.}{\insrsid3168821\charrsid14317597 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-288\li288\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin288\itap0\pararsid4029725 {\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Coel database system: continental origins of English landowners, 1066-1166}{
\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , complied by K.S.B. Keats-Rohan (2001).
\par }\pard \ql \fi-288\li288\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin288\itap0\pararsid4029725 {\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Collections for a history of Staffordshire}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 
, ed. William Salt Archaeological Society, first series, 18 vols. (1879-1897); republished on CD-ROM by Midlands Historical Data (2005).}{\insrsid8214004 
\par }{\i\insrsid12596117\charrsid5244527 Complete peerage}{\i\insrsid12596117  of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain, and United Kingdom, extant, extinct or dormant}{\insrsid12596117 
. Compiled by G.E. Cokayne; new edition edited by Vicary Gibbs and other, 12 volumes in thirteen parts (1910-59).}{\cf1\insrsid12596117\charrsid12596117 
\par }{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Crouch, David. }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 The Beaumont twins: the roots and branches of power in the twelfth century}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004  (1986).
\par Crouch, David. 'Normans and Anglo-Normans: a divided aristocracy?', in }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 England and Normandy in the Middle Ages}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , ed. David Bates and Anne Curry (1994), 51-67.}{
\cf1\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 
\par }{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Crouch, David. 'The administration of the Norman earldom', in }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 The earldom of Chester and its charters: a tribute to Geoffrey Barraclough}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 
, ed. A.T. Thacker, Journal of the Chester Archaeological Society, 71 (1991), 69-95.}{\insrsid8214004 
\par }{\insrsid15074369 Darlington, R.R. 'Aethelwig, abbot of Evesham', }{\i\insrsid15074369\charrsid15074369 EHR}{\insrsid15074369  48 (1933), 1-22, 177-98.}{\insrsid15074369\charrsid8214004 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-288\li288\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin288\itap0\pararsid4029725 {\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Davies, Robert. 'The horn of Ulphus', }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 
Journal of the Royal Archaeological Institute,}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004  26 (1969), 1-11.}{\insrsid8214004 
\par }{\i\cf1\insrsid16659689\charrsid8214004 De obsessione Dunelmi}{\cf1\insrsid16659689 , ed. Christopher J. Morris in: }{\cf1\insrsid16659689\charrsid8214004 'Marriage and murder in eleventh-century Northumbria: a study of }{
\i\cf1\insrsid16659689\charrsid8214004 De obsessione Dunelmi}{\cf1\insrsid16659689\charrsid8214004 ', Borthwick Paper, no. 82 (1992)}{\cf1\insrsid16659689 , 1-5.}{\insrsid16659689\charrsid16659689 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-288\li288\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin288\itap0\pararsid4029725 {\i\cf1\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 
Descriptive catalogue of the Derbyshire charters in the public and private libraries and muniment rooms}{\cf1\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , compiled by Isaac Herbert Jeayes (1906).
\par }{\i\cf1\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Devonshire Domesday and the Geld Inquest}{\cf1\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , ed. J.S. Amery and others, The Devonshire Association, 2 vols. (1884-92).
\par }\pard \ql \fi-288\li288\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin288\itap0\pararsid12198967 {\insrsid12198967 Dodgson, John McNeal.}{\insrsid12198967\charrsid4609808  '}{\insrsid12198967 Some Domesday personal-names}{
\insrsid12198967\charrsid4609808 ', }{\i\insrsid12198967\charrsid4609808 Nomina}{\insrsid12198967\charrsid4609808 , vol. 9 (1985), }{\insrsid12198967 4}{\insrsid12198967\charrsid4609808 1-}{\insrsid12198967 51.}{\insrsid12198967\charrsid4609808 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-288\li288\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin288\itap0\pararsid4029725 {\cf1\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Dodwell, C.R. }{\i\cf1\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Anglo-Saxon art: a new perspectiv}{
\cf1\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 e (1982).}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-288\li288\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin288\itap0\pararsid4029725 {\i\insrsid881747 Domesday Book, }{\insrsid881747\charrsid881747 vol. }{\insrsid881747 iii,}{\insrsid881747\charrsid881747  ed.}{
\insrsid881747  Sir Henry Ellis, Record Commission (1816).}{\insrsid881747\charrsid881747 
\par }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Domesday Book}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , ed. Elizabeth Hallam and David Bates (2001).
\par }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Domesday Monachorum of Christ Church Canterbury}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , ed. David C. Douglas (1944).
\par }{\i\insrsid1331377\charrsid10696897 Domesday studies: papers read at the Novocentenary conference of the Royal Historical Society and the Institute of British Geographers, Winchester, 1986}{\insrsid1331377 , ed. J.C. Holt (1987).
\par }{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Dugdale, Sir William. }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Monasticon Anglicanum}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , new edition by John Caley, Henry Ellis and Bulk}{\insrsid7017161 eley Bandinel, 6 vols. in 8 (181}{
\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 7-30).
\par }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Earldom of Chester and its charters: a tribute to Geoffrey Barraclough}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , ed. A.T. Thacker, Journal of the Chester Archaeological Society, 17 (1991).
\par }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Early charters of eastern England}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , ed. C.R. Hart (1966).
\par }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Early charters of Essex}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , ed. C.R. Hart (1971).
\par }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Early charters of northern England and the north Midlands}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , ed. C.R. Hart (1975).
\par }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Early charters of the west Midlands}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , ed. H.P.R. Finberg (second edition, 1972).
\par }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Early charters of Wessex}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , ed. H.P.R. Finberg (1964).
\par }{\i\insrsid8932130\charrsid8932130 Early Buckinghamshire charters}{\insrsid8932130 , ed. G.H. Fowler and J.G. Jenkins, Buckinghamshire Record Society 3 (1939).}{\insrsid8932130\charrsid8932130 
\par }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Early Yorkshire charters}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , vols. 1-3, ed. W. Farrer (1914-16); vols. 4-12, ed. C.T. Clay, Yorkshire Archaeological Society, Record Series, Extra 
Series, vols. 1-10 (1935-65), vol. 4 being the index to the Farrer volumes, ed. C.T. Clay and E.M. Clay.
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00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b7800000068007400740070003a002f002f007700770077002e007400720069006e002e00630061006d002e00610063002e0075006b002f00630068006100720074007700770077002f00650073006100770079006500
72002e00390039002f00650073006100770079006500720032002e00680074006d006c00000000000000000000006500006c002800000000003600000000000000ff00ff00f00200ff000000000000000000000000000000000000}}}{\fldrslt {\cs24\ul\cf2\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 
http://www.trin.cam.ac.uk/chartwww/esawyer.99/esawyer2.html}}}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 ).
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\par }{\i\insrsid1331377\charrsid4665772 English episcopal acta}{\insrsid1331377\charrsid4665772 , x: }{\i\insrsid1331377\charrsid4665772 Bath and Wells, 1061-1205}{\insrsid1331377\charrsid4665772 , ed. Frances M.R. Ramsey (1995).}{\insrsid1331377 
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\par }\pard \ql \fi-288\li288\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin288\itap0\pararsid4029725 {\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Eynsham cartulary}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 
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\par }{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Foulds, Trevor. 'The origins of the Hotot family', }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Northamptonshire Past and Present}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004  7 (1983-84), 79-81.
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{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004  HYPERLINK "http://www.british-history.ac.uk/" }{\insrsid8287289\charrsid8214004 {\*\datafield 
00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b4400000068007400740070003a002f002f007700770077002e0062007200690074006900730068002d0068006900730074006f00720079002e00610063002e0075006b002f00000000000c0000aa030d65dc003800d6
0000000000736c0000000000000700ff0001000000000000000000000000000000000000000000}}}{\fldrslt {\cs24\ul\cf2\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 http://www.british-history.ac.uk/}}}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 ).
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\par }{\insrsid6891078 Knowles, Dom David. }{\i\insrsid6891078\charrsid6891078 The monastic order in England, 943-1216}{\insrsid6891078  (1950).}{\insrsid6891078\charrsid8214004 
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, ed. Robin E. Glasscock (Records of Social and Economic History, new series, ii, 1975).
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Historical Research}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , 63 (1990), 329-36.
\par Lewis, C.P. 'The early earls of Norman England', }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 ANS}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004  13 (1991), 207-23.
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, ed. A.T. Thacker, Journal of the Chester Archaeological Society, 17 (1991), 37-68.
\par Lewis, C.P. 'The French in England before the Norman Conquest', }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 ANS}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004  17 (1995), 123-44.}{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-288\li288\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\tx9720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin288\itap0\pararsid4029725 \cbpat8 {\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Lewis, C.P. 'The King and Eye', }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 EHR}{
\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004  104 (1989), 569-89.
\par Lewis, C.P. 'The Norman settlement of Herefordshire under William I', }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 ANS}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004  7 (1985), 195-203.
\par }\pard \ql \fi-288\li288\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin288\itap0\pararsid4029725 {\insrsid11933472 Lewis, C.P. 'An i}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 ntroduction to the Cheshire Domesday', }{
\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 The Cheshire Domesday}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , ed. Ann Williams and R.W.H. Erskine (1990), 1-25.
\par }{\insrsid5967171 Lewis, C.P. 'An i}{\insrsid5967171\charrsid8214004 ntroduction to the }{\insrsid5967171 Lancashire}{\insrsid5967171\charrsid8214004  Domesday', }{\i\insrsid5967171\charrsid8214004 The }{\i\insrsid5967171 Lancashire}{
\i\insrsid5967171\charrsid8214004  Domesday}{\insrsid5967171\charrsid8214004 , ed. Ann }{\insrsid5967171\charrsid5967171 Williams and R.W.H. Erskine (1991), 1-41.}{\insrsid5967171 
\par }{\insrsid1331377\charrsid988385 Lewis, C.P. 'An introduction to the }{\insrsid1331377 Shropshire}{\insrsid1331377\charrsid988385  Domesday', }{\i\insrsid1331377\charrsid988385 The }{\i\insrsid1331377\charrsid1535946 Shropshire}{
\insrsid1331377\charrsid988385  }{\i\insrsid1331377\charrsid988385 Domesday}{\insrsid1331377\charrsid988385 , ed. Ann Williams and R.W.H. Erskine (1990), 1-2}{\insrsid1331377 7}{\insrsid1331377\charrsid988385 .
\par }{\insrsid1203505\charrsid1203505 Lewis, C.P. 'Herbert the jerkin-maker', }{\i\insrsid1203505\charrsid1203505 Transactions of the Historic Society of Lancashire }{\i\insrsid1203505 and}{\i\insrsid1203505\charrsid1203505  Cheshire}{
\insrsid1203505\charrsid1203505  131 (1982 for 1981), 159-60}{\insrsid1203505 .}{\insrsid1203505\charrsid1203505 
\par }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Liber Eliensis}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , ed. E.O. Blake, Camden third series, 92 (1962).
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\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004  (}{\insrsid1072500 1840}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 ).
\par }{\i\insrsid1072500\charrsid8214004 Liber memorandum ecclesie de Bernewelle}{\insrsid1072500\charrsid8214004 , ed. John W. Clark (1907).
\par }\pard \ql \fi-288\li288\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin288\itap0\pararsid4029725 {\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Liber Niger Scaccarii Staffordscira, or feodary of A.D. 1166}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 
. ed. G. Wrottesley and R.W. Eyton, in }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Collections for a history of Staffordshire}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , ed. William Salt Archaeological Society, first series, 1 (1880), 145-240.
\par }\pard \ql \fi-288\li288\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\tx9720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin288\itap0\pararsid4029725 \cbpat8 {\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Liebermann, F. 'An early English document of about 1080', }{
\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Yorkshire Archaeological Journal}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , 18 }{\insrsid8214004\charrsid1331377 (1905), }{\insrsid1331377\charrsid1331377 412-16}{\insrsid1331377 .}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 
\par }{\insrsid10317099\charrsid10317099 Lindsey Survey}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , in Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Domesday people}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , pp. 77-97; cited by page numbers.
\par }\pard \ql \fi-288\li288\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin288\itap0\pararsid4029725 {\insrsid10317099\charrsid10317099 Lindsey Survey}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , in }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 
The Lincolnshire Domesday and the }{\insrsid10317099\charrsid10317099 Lindsey Survey}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , ed. C.W. Foster and Thomas Longley, Lincoln Record Society, 19 (1924, reprinted 1976), }{\cf1\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 237-260}{
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\par }{\insrsid1331377 Loud, Graham. 'An introduction to the Somerset Domesday'}{\insrsid1331377\charrsid8214004 , }{\i\insrsid1331377\charrsid8214004 The }{\i\insrsid1331377 Somerset}{\i\insrsid1331377\charrsid8214004  Domesday}{
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\par }{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Loyd, Lewis C. }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 The origins of some Anglo-Norman families}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , ed. C.T. Clay and David C. Douglas (1951).
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\par }{\insrsid8875364 Mason}{\insrsid8875364\charrsid8214004 , Emma.}{\insrsid8875364  }{\i\insrsid8875364\charrsid8875364 House of Godwine}{\i\insrsid8875364 : the history of a dynasty }{\insrsid8875364 (2004).}{\insrsid8875364\charrsid8875364 
\par }{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Mason, Emma. }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 St Wulfstan of Worcester, c.1008-95 }{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 (1990).
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\par Mason, J.F.A. 'Edric of Bayston', }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Transactions of the Shropshire Archaeological Society}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004  55 (1954), 112-18.
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\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004  and the 'lost fee' of William }{\insrsid6518387 'William Malet and his family'}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 ANS}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004  22 (2000), 261-77.
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\par }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Northamptonshire Survey}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , in Keats Rohan, }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Domesday }{\i\insrsid15298539 p}{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 eople}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 
, 98-117}{\insrsid13781618  [Latin text]}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 .
\par }{\insrsid13781618\charrsid13781618 Northamptonshire Survey}{\insrsid13781618\charrsid8214004 ,}{\insrsid13781618  }{\i\insrsid13781618\charrsid13781618 VCH Northamptonshire}{\insrsid13781618 , i.}{\insrsid13781618\charrsid8214004  }{\insrsid13781618 
357-89 [translation and identifications]}{\insrsid13781618\charrsid8214004 .
\par }\pard \ql \fi-288\li288\ri0\widctlpar\tx4320\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin288\itap0\pararsid4029725 {\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 
Oggins, Virginia Darrow and Robin S. 'Richard of Ilchester's inheritance: an extended family in twelfth-century }{\insrsid282605\charrsid8214004 England}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 ', }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Medieval Prosopography}{
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00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b3400000068007400740070003a002f002f007700770077002e006f00780066006f007200640064006e0062002e0063006f006d002f00000000000000000000000053000000000000000000000000006c000000000000
000000000000000000000000}}}{\fldrslt {\cs24\ul\cf2\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 http://www.oxforddnb.com}}}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 .
\par }\pard \ql \fi-288\li288\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin288\itap0\pararsid4029725 {\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Page, R.I. 'How long did the Scandinavian language survive in England?', }{
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\par Palmer, J.J.N. 'Great Domesday on CD-ROM', }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Domesday Book}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , ed. Elizabeth Hallam and David Bates, 141-50, 213-15.
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\par }{\insrsid4814126 PASE: }{\i\insrsid4814126\charrsid8214004 Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England}{\insrsid4814126\charrsid8214004  (2005}{\insrsid4814126 -}{\insrsid4814126\charrsid8214004 ); online at }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {
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00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b2e00000068007400740070003a002f002f007700770077002e0070006100730065002e00610063002e0075006b002f0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ffff0000000000000000000000000000
000000000000}}}{\fldrslt {\cs24\ul\cf2\insrsid4814126\charrsid8214004 http://www.pase.ac.uk}}}{\insrsid4814126\charrsid8214004 .}{\insrsid4814126 
\par }{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Pelteret, David A. }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Catalogue of English post-Conquest vernacular documents}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004  (1990).
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\par }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Plea Rolls of the }{\i\insrsid16059252 r}{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 eign of Henry III}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , ed. G. Wrottesley, in }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 
Collections for a history of Staffordshire}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , ed. William Salt Archaeological Society, first series, 4/i. (1888), 1-217.
\par }\pard \ql \fi-288\li288\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin288\itap0\pararsid4029725 {\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004  (2005}{\insrsid2382582 -}{
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00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b2e00000068007400740070003a002f002f007700770077002e0070006100730065002e00610063002e0075006b002f0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ffff0000000000000000000000000000
000000000000}}}{\fldrslt {\cs24\ul\cf2\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 http://www.pase.ac.uk}}}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 .}{\insrsid8214004 
\par }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Receuil des actes des ducs de Normandie de 911 \'e0 1066}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , ed. Marie Faroux, Soci\'e9t\'e9 des Antiquaires de Normandie, 36 (1961).
\par }\pard \ql \fi-288\li288\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin288\itap0\pararsid4029725 {\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Red Book of the Exchequer}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , ed. Hubert Hall, 3 vols. (1896).}{
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\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , ed. Charles Johnson and H.A. Cronne (1956); iii: }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Regesta Regis Stephani ac Mathilis imperatricis ac Gaufridi et Henrici ducum Normannorum, 1135-1154}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 
, ed. H.C. Cronne and R.H.C. Davis (1968). Cited by document number.}{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 
\par Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum: the Acta of William I (1066-1087)}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , ed. David Bates (1998).
\par }{\insrsid1796254\charrsid8214004 Reichel, O.J. '}{\insrsid1796254 Domesday survey of Devonshire}{\insrsid1796254\charrsid8214004 ', }{\i\insrsid1796254 VCH Devon}{\insrsid1796254 , vol. 1}{\insrsid1796254\charrsid8214004  (}{\insrsid1796254 1906}{
\insrsid1796254\charrsid8214004 ), }{\insrsid1796254 375-402}{\insrsid1796254\charrsid8214004 .
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\insrsid1796254 551-72}{\insrsid1796254\charrsid8214004 .
\par }{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Reichel, O.J. }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 The Hundreds of Plympton and Ermington in early times}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 
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\par Reichel, O.J. }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 The Hundred of Lifton in the time of Testa de Nevil, 1243}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , Transactions of the Devonshire Association 46 (1914), 185-219.
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\par Reynolds, Susan. 'Eadric }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 silvaticus}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004  and the English resistance', }{\i\insrsid8073607\charrsid8073607 Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research}{\insrsid8073607 , }{
\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 54 (1981), 102-105.
\par Robertson, Agnes J. }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004  (1939).
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\par }{\insrsid488012\charrsid8214004 Round, J.H. 'A Bachepuz charter', }{\i\insrsid488012\charrsid8214004 The Ancestor}{\insrsid488012\charrsid8214004  12 (1905), 152-55.
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\par }\pard \ql \fi-288\li288\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin288\itap0\pararsid4029725 {\insrsid488012 Round, J.H. and L.F. Salzmann. 'Domesday survey of Sussex', }{\i\insrsid488012\charrsid14113958 VCH}{
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\par }\pard \ql \fi-288\li288\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin288\itap0\pararsid4029725 {\insrsid488012\charrsid988385 Round, J.H. 'Bernard, the King's scribe', }{\i\insrsid488012\charrsid988385 EHR}{
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\par }\pard \ql \fi-288\li288\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin288\itap0\pararsid4029725 {\insrsid488012 Round, J.H. 'Domesday survey of Bedfordshire', }{\i\insrsid488012\charrsid14113958 VCH}{\i\insrsid488012\charrsid7755855 
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\par Round, J.H. 'Domesday survey of Berkshire', }{\i\insrsid488012\charrsid14113958 VCH}{\i\insrsid488012\charrsid7755855  Berkshire}{\insrsid488012 , vol. 1 (1906), 285-323.
\par Round, J.H. 'Domesday survey of Buckinghamshire', }{\i\insrsid488012\charrsid14113958 VCH}{\i\insrsid488012\charrsid7755855  Buckinghamshire}{\insrsid488012 , vol. 1 (1905), 207-29.
\par Round, J.H. 'Domesday survey of Essex, }{\i\insrsid488012\charrsid14113958 VCH}{\i\insrsid488012\charrsid7755855  }{\i\insrsid488012 Essex}{\insrsid488012 , vol. 1 (1903), 333-425.
\par Round, J.H. 'Domesday survey of Hampshire', }{\i\insrsid488012\charrsid14113958 VCH}{\i\insrsid488012\charrsid7755855  Hampshire}{\insrsid488012 , vol. 1 (1900), 399-447
\par Round, J.H. 'Domesday survey of Herefordshire', }{\i\insrsid488012\charrsid14113958 VCH}{\i\insrsid488012\charrsid7755855  Herefordshire}{\insrsid488012 , vol. 1 (1908), 263-307.
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\par Round, J.H. 'Domesday survey of Northamptonshire', }{\i\insrsid488012\charrsid14113958 VCH}{\i\insrsid488012\charrsid7755855  Northamptonshire}{\insrsid488012 , vol. 1 (1902), 257-98.
\par Round, J.H. 'Domesday survey of Somerset', }{\i\insrsid488012\charrsid14113958 VCH}{\i\insrsid488012\charrsid7755855  Somerset}{\insrsid488012 , vol. 1 (1906), 383-432.
\par Round, J.H. 'Domesday survey of Surrey', }{\i\insrsid488012\charrsid14113958 VCH}{\i\insrsid488012\charrsid7755855  Surrey}{\insrsid488012 , vol. 1 (1902), 275-93.
\par Round, J.H. 'Domesday survey of Warwickshire', }{\i\insrsid488012\charrsid14113958 VCH}{\i\insrsid488012\charrsid7755855  Warwickshire}{\insrsid488012 , vol. 1 (1904), 269-98.
\par Round, J.H. 'Domesday survey of Worcestershire', }{\i\insrsid488012\charrsid14113958 VCH}{\i\insrsid488012\charrsid7755855  Worcestershire}{\insrsid488012 , vol. 1 (1901), 282-323.
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\par Round, J.H. 'Note on the Sussex Domesday', }{\i\insrsid488012\charrsid988385 Sussex Archaeological Collections}{\insrsid488012\charrsid988385  44 (1901), 140-43.
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\par }{\insrsid488012\charrsid988385 Round, J.H. }{\cf1\insrsid488012\charrsid988385 'The Essex Sackvilles', }{\i\cf1\insrsid488012\charrsid988385 Archaeological Journal}{\cf1\insrsid488012\charrsid988385  64 (1907), 217.
\par }{\insrsid488012\charrsid988385 Round, J.H. }{\i\insrsid488012\charrsid988385 The king's sergeants}{\insrsid488012\charrsid988385  (1911).
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\par }\pard \ql \fi-288\li288\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin288\itap0\pararsid4029725 {\cf1\insrsid488012\charrsid988385 Saltman, L.F. 'Some Sussex Domesday tenants, i: Alvred }{\i\cf1\insrsid488012\charrsid988385 pincerna}{
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\par Salzman, L.F. 'Some Sussex Domesday tenants, ii: The family of Dene', }{\i\cf1\insrsid488012\charrsid988385 Sussex Archaeological Collections}{\cf1\insrsid488012\charrsid988385 , 58 (1916), 171-89.
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\par Salzman, L.F. 'Some Sussex Domesday tenants, iv: The family of Chesney or Cheyney, }{\i\cf1\insrsid488012\charrsid988385 Sussex Archaeological Collections}{\cf1\insrsid488012\charrsid988385 , 65 (1924), 20-53.
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\par }{\insrsid9259863 Slade, }{\insrsid1060553 C.F. }{\insrsid9259863 'Domesday survey of Staffordshire', }{\i\insrsid9259863\charrsid14113958 VCH}{\i\insrsid9259863\charrsid7755855  }{\i\insrsid9259863 Staffordshire}{\insrsid9259863 , vol. 4 (1958), 1-36.}{
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, 79 (1961), 174-211}{\insrsid8154130\charrsid8154130 .}{\insrsid8983574 
\par }{\insrsid5527610\charrsid8087560 Walker,}{\insrsid5527610  Ian W.}{\insrsid5527610\charrsid8087560  }{\i\insrsid5527610\charrsid8087560 Harold}{\i\insrsid5527610 : the last Anglo-Saxon king}{\insrsid5527610  (1997).}{\insrsid5527610\charrsid5527610 

\par }{\i\insrsid1796254\charrsid988385 War and government in the Middle Ages: essays in honour of J.O. Prestwich}{\insrsid1796254\charrsid988385 , ed. John Gillingham and J.C. Holt (1984)}{\insrsid1796254 .
\par }{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Whitelock, Dorothy. }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Anglo-Saxon wills}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004  (1930).}{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 
\par }{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Whitelock, Dorothy. 'Scandinavian personal names in the Liber vitae of Thorney abbey', }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Saga-Book of the Viking Society}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , 12 (1937-45), 127-53.}{
\insrsid8214004 
\par }{\insrsid9443909\charrsid988385 Wightman,}{\insrsid9443909  W.}{\insrsid7277569 E}{\insrsid9443909 .}{\insrsid9443909\charrsid988385  }{\i\insrsid9443909 The L}{\i\insrsid9443909\charrsid988385 acy family}{\i\insrsid9443909  in England and Normandy}{
\insrsid9443909\charrsid988385 ,}{\insrsid9443909  }{\i\insrsid9443909\charrsid9443909 1066-1194}{\insrsid9443909  (1966).}{\insrsid9443909\charrsid8214004 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-288\li288\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin288\itap0\pararsid4029725 {\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 William of Malmesbury. }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Gesta regum Anglorum}{
\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , Oxford Medieval Texts, 2 vols., ed. R.A.B. Mynors, R.M. Thomson, M. Winterbottom (1998-99).
\par Williams, Ann. 'A bell-house and a burh}{\insrsid282605 -}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 geat: lordly residences in England before the Norman Conquest', }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Medieval Knighthood,}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 
 4 (1992), 221-40.
\par }\pard \ql \fi-288\li288\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin288\itap0\pararsid4029725 {\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Williams, Ann. 'A west-count}{\insrsid12329817 r}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 
y magnate of the eleventh century: the family, estates and patronage of Beorhtric son of Aelfgar', in }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Family trees}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , 41-68.
\par }{\insrsid11933472 Williams, Ann. 'An i}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 ntroduction to the Gloucestershire Domesday', }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 The Gloucestershire Domesday}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 
, ed. Ann Williams and R.W.H. Erskine (1989), 1-39.
\par Williams, }{\insrsid2517678 Ann. }{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 '}{\insrsid11933472 An i}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 ntroduction to the Worcestershire Domesday', }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 The Worcestershire Domesday}{
\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , ed. Ann Williams, and R.W.H. Erskine}{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004  }{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 (1988), 1-31.}{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 
\par }{\insrsid1796254 Williams, Ann. 'Domesday survey of Dorset', }{\i\insrsid1796254\charrsid14113958 VCH}{\i\insrsid1796254\charrsid7755855  }{\i\insrsid1796254\charrsid11167932 Dorset}{\insrsid1796254 , iii. 1-60.
\par }{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Williams, Ann. 'Land and power in the eleventh century: the estates of Harold Godwinson', }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 ANS}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004  3 (1981), 171-87, 230-34.
\par Williams, Ann. 'Little Domesday and the English: the }{\insrsid10427204 Hundred}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004  of Colneis in Suffolk', }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Domesday Boo}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 
k, ed. Elizabeth Hallam and David Bates (2001), 103-20, 208-10.
\par Williams, Ann. 'Lost worlds: Kentish society in the eleventh century', }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Medieval Prosopography}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , xx (1999), 51-74.
\par }\pard \ql \fi-288\li288\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin288\itap0\pararsid4029725 {\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Williams, Ann. 'Meet the }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 antecessores}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 
: lords and land in eleventh-century Suffolk', in }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 The Anglo-Saxons: studies presented to Cyril Roy Hart}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , ed. Simon Keynes and Alfred P. Smyth (2006), 275-87.
\par }\pard \ql \fi-288\li288\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin288\itap0\pararsid4029725 {\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Williams, Ann. }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 The English and the Norman Conquest}{
\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004  (1995).
\par Williams, Ann. 'The king's nephew': the family and career of Ralph, earl of Hereford', }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Studies in medieval history presented to R. Allen Brown}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 
, ed. C. Harper-Bill, C.J. Holdsworth and J.L. Nelson (1989), 327-43.
\par Williams, Ann. 'The knights of Shaftesbury abbey', }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 ANS}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004  }{\insrsid4146965 8}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004  (1986), 214-42.
\par }\pard \ql \fi-288\li288\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin288\itap0\pararsid4029725 {\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Williams, Ann. 'The spoliation of Worcester', }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 ANS}{
\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004  19 (1996), 382-408.
\par }\pard \ql \fi-288\li288\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin288\itap0\pararsid4029725 {\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Williams, Ann. 'A vice-comital family in pre-Conquest Warwickshire', }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 ANS
}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004  11 (1989), 279-95.
\par Williams, Ann. }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 World before Domesday}{\insrsid7017161  (}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 2008}{\insrsid7017161 )}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 .
\par }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Winchester in the early middle ages : an edition and discussion of the Winton Domesday}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , ed. Martin Biddle, Winchester studies 1 (1976).
\par Wrottesley, Major-General George. }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 History of the family of Wrottesley}{\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , in }{\i\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 Collections for a history of Staffordshire}{
\insrsid8214004\charrsid8214004 , ed. William Salt Archaeological Society, second series, vi/ii (1903), 1-405.}{\insrsid1396151 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-360\li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14503119 {\insrsid1396151 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14503119 {\insrsid8214004 
\par }{\insrsid11030753 July 2010}{\insrsid11030753\charrsid2700741 
\par }}