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{\f60\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0805030504020804}Eras Demi ITC;}{\f61\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0402030504020804}Eras Light ITC;}{\f62\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0504020202050204}Eurostile;}
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{\f66\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0606030402020204}Franklin Gothic Medium Cond;}{\f67\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03020402040607040605}French Script MT;}{\f68\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0502020202020204}Century Gothic;}
{\f69\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03050502040202030202}Kristen ITC;}{\f70\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0602030504020204}Lucida Sans;}{\f71\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020e0502030308020204}Maiandra GD;}
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{\f112\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04030905020b02020c02}Bauhaus 93;}{\f113\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04040a05050d02020502}Beesknees ITC;}{\f114\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02050806060905020404}Bernard MT Condensed;}
{\f115\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 030202020406070a0903}Bickley Script;}{\f116\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04030b070d0b02020403}Braggadocio;}{\f117\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0903060703020204}Britannic Bold;}
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{\f222\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Franklin Gothic Heavy Tur;}{\f223\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Franklin Gothic Heavy Baltic;}
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{\f468\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Light CE;}{\f469\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Light Greek;}{\f470\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Light Tur;}
{\f471\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Light Baltic;}{\f472\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Med CE;}{\f473\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Med Greek;}
{\f474\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Med Tur;}{\f475\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Med Baltic;}{\f476\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni CE;}
{\f477\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Greek;}{\f478\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Tur;}{\f479\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Baltic;}
{\f480\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MGI Archon CE;}{\f481\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MGI Archon Greek;}{\f482\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MGI Archon Tur;}
{\f483\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MGI Archon Baltic;}{\f484\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}AucoinExtBol CE;}{\f485\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}AucoinExtBol Greek;}
{\f486\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}AucoinExtBol Tur;}{\f487\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}AucoinExtBol Baltic;}{\f488\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}AucoinLight CE;}
{\f489\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}AucoinLight Greek;}{\f490\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}AucoinLight Tur;}{\f491\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}AucoinLight Baltic;}
{\f492\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Bedini CE;}{\f493\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Bedini Greek;}{\f494\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Bedini Tur;}
{\f495\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Bedini Baltic;}{\f496\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar Black Extended CE;}
{\f497\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar Black Extended Greek;}{\f498\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar Black Extended Tur;}
{\f499\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar Black Extended Baltic;}{\f500\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar CE;}{\f501\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar Greek;}
{\f502\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar Tur;}{\f503\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar Baltic;}{\f504\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar Regular Extended CE;}
{\f505\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar Regular Extended Greek;}{\f506\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar Regular Extended Tur;}
{\f507\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Gourmand CE;}{\f508\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Gourmand Greek;}{\f509\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Gourmand Tur;}
{\f510\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Gourmand Baltic;}{\f511\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Metro Nouveau CE;}{\f512\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Metro Nouveau Greek;}
{\f513\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Metro Nouveau Tur;}{\f514\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Metro Nouveau Baltic;}{\f515\froman\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Palladius CE;}
{\f516\froman\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Palladius Greek;}{\f517\froman\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Palladius Tur;}{\f518\froman\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Palladius Baltic;}
{\f519\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Peinaud CE;}{\f520\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Peinaud Greek;}{\f521\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Peinaud Tur;}
{\f522\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Peinaud Baltic;}{\f523\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Schindler CE;}{\f524\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Schindler Greek;}
{\f525\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Schindler Tur;}{\f526\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Schindler Baltic;}{\f527\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Schindler Small Caps CE;}
{\f528\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Schindler Small Caps Greek;}{\f529\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Schindler Small Caps Tur;}
{\f530\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Schindler Small Caps Baltic;}{\f531\fscript\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Vianta Greek;}{\f532\fdecor\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}LcdD CE;}
{\f533\fdecor\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}LcdD Tur;}{\f534\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}????????????????????????\'a8\'ac?????;}
{\f535\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}??????????????????????\'a8\'ac???????;}{\f536\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}?????????????????????????\'a1\'ec????;}
{\f537\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}??????????????????????????????\'a8;}{\f538\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 Times New Roman CYR;}{\f539\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 Times New Roman TUR;}{\f540\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 Arial CYR;}
{\f541\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 Arial TUR;}{\f542\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 Courier New CYR;}{\f543\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 Courier New TUR;}{\f544\fnil\fcharset178\fprq2{\*\panose 02010000000000000000}Traditional Arabic;}
{\f545\fnil\fcharset178\fprq2{\*\panose 02010000000000000000}Arabic Transparent;}{\f546\fnil\fcharset178\fprq2{\*\panose 02010000000000000000}Andalus;}{\f547\fnil\fcharset178\fprq2{\*\panose 02010000000000000000}Simplified Arabic;}
{\f548\fmodern\fcharset178\fprq1{\*\panose 02010009000000000000}Simplified Arabic Fixed;}{\f549\fmodern\fcharset134\fprq1{\*\panose 02010609030101010101}NSimSun;}{\f550\fmodern\fcharset134\fprq1{\*\panose 02010609030101010101}@NSimSun;}
{\f551\fnil\fcharset134\fprq2{\*\panose 02010600030101010101}@SimHei;}{\f552\froman\fcharset128\fprq2{\*\panose 02020600040205080304}MS PMincho;}{\f553\froman\fcharset128\fprq2{\*\panose 02020600040205080304}@MS PMincho;}
{\f554\fmodern\fcharset128\fprq1{\*\panose 020b0609070205080204}@MS Gothic;}{\f555\fswiss\fcharset128\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0600070205080204}MS PGothic;}{\f556\fswiss\fcharset128\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0600070205080204}@MS PGothic;}
{\f557\fswiss\fcharset128\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0600070205080204}MS UI Gothic;}{\f558\fswiss\fcharset128\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0600070205080204}@MS UI Gothic;}{\f559\froman\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}AngsanaUPC;}
{\f560\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}BrowalliaUPC;}{\f561\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}Browallia New;}{\f562\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0304020202020204}CordiaUPC;}
{\f563\froman\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}DilleniaUPC;}{\f564\froman\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}EucrosiaUPC;}{\f565\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}FreesiaUPC;}
{\f566\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}IrisUPC;}{\f567\froman\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}JasmineUPC;}{\f568\froman\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}KodchiangUPC;}
{\f569\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}LilyUPC;}{\f570\fswiss\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 050b0604020202020204}Typographic Ext;}{\f571\fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05000000000000000000}Iconic Symbols Ext;}
{\f572\fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05000000000000000000}Math Ext;}{\f573\froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05020603050405020304}Multinational Ext;}{\f574\froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05020603050405020304}Greek Symbols;}
{\f575\fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}SPSS Marker Set;}{\f576\froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05050102010607020607}MapInfo Cartographic;}{\f577\fmodern\fcharset136\fprq1{\*\panose 02020309000000000000}@MingLiU;}
{\f578\froman\fcharset136\fprq2{\*\panose 02020300000000000000}@PMingLiU;}{\f579\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}(Use Asian text font){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f580\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}PMingLiU Western{\*\falt !Ps2OcuAe};}{\f581\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Gothic Western{\*\falt ?l?r ?S?V?b?N};}
{\f582\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Gothic CE{\*\falt ?l?r ?S?V?b?N};}{\f583\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Gothic Cyr{\*\falt ?l?r ?S?V?b?N};}
{\f584\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Gothic Greek{\*\falt ?l?r ?S?V?b?N};}{\f585\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Gothic Tur{\*\falt ?l?r ?S?V?b?N};}
{\f586\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Gothic Baltic{\*\falt ?l?r ?S?V?b?N};}{\f587\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MingLiU Western{\*\falt 2OcuAe};}
{\f588\froman\fcharset163\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Times New Roman CYR (Vietnamese;}{\f589\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\f590\froman\fcharset163\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Times New Roman Greek (Vietname;}
{\f591\froman\fcharset163\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Times New Roman TUR (Vietnamese;}{\f592\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\f593\froman\fcharset163\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Times New Roman Baltic (Vietnam;}
{\f594\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}NSimSun Western;}{\f595\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@NSimSun Western;}{\f596\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PMincho Western;}
{\f597\froman\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PMincho CE;}{\f598\froman\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PMincho Cyr;}{\f599\froman\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PMincho Greek;}
{\f600\froman\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PMincho Tur;}{\f601\froman\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PMincho Baltic;}{\f602\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PMincho Western;}
{\f603\froman\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PMincho CE;}{\f604\froman\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PMincho Cyr;}{\f605\froman\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PMincho Greek;}
{\f606\froman\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PMincho Tur;}{\f607\froman\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PMincho Baltic;}{\f608\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS Gothic Western;}
{\f609\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS Gothic CE;}{\f610\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS Gothic Cyr;}{\f611\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS Gothic Greek;}
{\f612\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS Gothic Tur;}{\f613\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS Gothic Baltic;}{\f614\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PGothic Western;}
{\f615\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PGothic CE;}{\f616\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PGothic Cyr;}{\f617\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PGothic Greek;}
{\f618\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PGothic Tur;}{\f619\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PGothic Baltic;}{\f620\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PGothic Western;}
{\f621\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PGothic CE;}{\f622\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PGothic Cyr;}{\f623\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PGothic Greek;}
{\f624\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PGothic Tur;}{\f625\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PGothic Baltic;}{\f626\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS UI Gothic Western;}
{\f627\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS UI Gothic CE;}{\f628\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS UI Gothic Cyr;}{\f629\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS UI Gothic Greek;}
{\f630\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS UI Gothic Tur;}{\f631\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS UI Gothic Baltic;}{\f632\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS UI Gothic Western;}
{\f633\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS UI Gothic CE;}{\f634\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS UI Gothic Cyr;}{\f635\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS UI Gothic Greek;}
{\f636\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS UI Gothic Tur;}{\f637\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS UI Gothic Baltic;}{\f638\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Browallia New (Thai);}
{\f639\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MingLiU Western;}{\f640\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@PMingLiU Western;}
{\f641\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}????????????????????\'a1\'a7?????????;}{\f642\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Sans Serif{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f643\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0502040204020203}Segoe Media Center;}{\f644\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0702040200020203}Segoe Media Center Semibold;}{\f645\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0804030504040204}Tahoma Small Cap;}
{\f646\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Elite{\*\falt Arial};}{\f647\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}GothicPS{\*\falt Arial};}
{\f648\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}????????????\'a1\'a7???????;}{\f649\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}??????????????????\'a8\'ac?????????;}
{\f650\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}????????????????????????\'a1\'a7?????;}{\f651\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}???????????????????????????????;}
{\f652\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}??????????????????????\'a1\'a7???????;}{\f653\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}CG Times (W1){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f654\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}CG Times 12pt;}{\f655\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}????????????????????\'a8\'ac?????????;}{\f656\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}?????\'a1\'ec???;}
{\f657\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}????\'a1\'a7???;}{\f658\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Prestige;}{\f659\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}?????????????????\'a1\'ec?????????;}
{\f660\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}??????????????????\'a1\'a7??????????;}{\f661\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}o{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f662\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}ome{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f663\fnil\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Times Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f664\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Plain text{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f665\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}boscombe{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f666\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}??????????????????????????\'a8\'ac???;}{\f667\froman\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Rockwell CE;}
{\f668\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Sans Serif CE;}{\f669\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Sans Serif Cyr;}
{\f670\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Sans Serif Greek;}{\f671\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Sans Serif Tur;}
{\f672\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Sans Serif Baltic;}{\f673\froman\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Serif CE;}
{\f674\froman\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Serif Cyr;}{\f675\froman\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Serif Greek;}
{\f676\froman\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Serif Tur;}{\f677\froman\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Serif Baltic;}
{\f678\froman\fcharset163\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Serif (Vietnamese);}{\f679\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Verdana Ref CE;}{\f680\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Verdana Ref Cyr;}
{\f681\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Verdana Ref Greek;}{\f682\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Verdana Ref Tur;}{\f683\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Verdana Ref Baltic;}
{\f684\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Verdana Ref (Vietnamese);}{\f685\froman\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Georgia Ref CE;}{\f686\froman\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Georgia Ref Cyr;}
{\f687\froman\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Georgia Ref Greek;}{\f688\froman\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Georgia Ref Tur;}{\f689\froman\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Georgia Ref Baltic;}
{\f690\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Gill Sans MT CE;}{\f691\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Gill Sans MT Condensed CE;}
{\f692\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Gill Sans Ultra Bold CE;}{\f693\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 Arial Baltic;}{\f694\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 Courier New Baltic;}{\f695\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\f696\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 Arial CE;}{\f697\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 Arial Greek;}{\f698\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 Courier New CE;}{\f699\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 Courier New Greek;}
{\f700\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f701\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f703\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f704\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f705\froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f706\froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f707\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f708\froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f710\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial CE;}{\f711\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial Cyr;}
{\f713\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial Greek;}{\f714\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial Tur;}{\f715\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Arial (Hebrew);}{\f716\fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Arial (Arabic);}{\f717\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial Baltic;}
{\f718\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Arial (Vietnamese);}{\f720\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 Courier New CE;}{\f721\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 Courier New Cyr;}{\f723\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 Courier New Greek;}{\f724\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 Courier New Tur;}
{\f725\fmodern\fcharset177\fprq1 Courier New (Hebrew);}{\f726\fmodern\fcharset178\fprq1 Courier New (Arabic);}{\f727\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 Courier New Baltic;}{\f728\fmodern\fcharset163\fprq1 Courier New (Vietnamese);}
{\f740\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Helvetica CE;}{\f744\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Helvetica Tur;}{\f747\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Helvetica Baltic;}{\f812\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 MS Mincho Western{\*\falt ?l?r ??\'81\'66c};}
{\f810\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 MS Mincho CE{\*\falt ?l?r ??\'81\'66c};}{\f811\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 MS Mincho Cyr{\*\falt ?l?r ??\'81\'66c};}{\f813\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 MS Mincho Greek{\*\falt ?l?r ??\'81\'66c};}
{\f814\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 MS Mincho Tur{\*\falt ?l?r ??\'81\'66c};}{\f817\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 MS Mincho Baltic{\*\falt ?l?r ??\'81\'66c};}{\f822\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 Batang Western{\*\falt \'a1\'a7IoUAA};}
{\f820\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Batang CE{\*\falt \'a1\'a7IoUAA};}{\f821\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Batang Cyr{\*\falt \'a1\'a7IoUAA};}{\f823\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Batang Greek{\*\falt \'a1\'a7IoUAA};}
{\f824\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Batang Tur{\*\falt \'a1\'a7IoUAA};}{\f827\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Batang Baltic{\*\falt \'a1\'a7IoUAA};}{\f832\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2 SimSun Western{\*\falt ???\'a1\'ec??};}{\f910\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Century CE;}
{\f911\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Century Cyr;}{\f913\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Century Greek;}{\f914\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Century Tur;}{\f917\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Century Baltic;}{\f922\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 Angsana New;}
{\f932\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 Cordia New;}{\f960\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Sylfaen CE;}{\f961\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Sylfaen Cyr;}{\f963\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Sylfaen Greek;}{\f964\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Sylfaen Tur;}
{\f967\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Sylfaen Baltic;}{\f1042\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS Western;}{\f1040\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS CE;}{\f1041\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS Cyr;}
{\f1043\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS Greek;}{\f1044\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS Tur;}{\f1045\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS (Hebrew);}{\f1046\fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS (Arabic);}
{\f1047\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS Baltic;}{\f1048\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS (Vietnamese);}{\f1049\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS (Thai);}{\f1050\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Tahoma CE;}
{\f1051\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Tahoma Cyr;}{\f1053\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Tahoma Greek;}{\f1054\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Tahoma Tur;}{\f1055\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Tahoma (Hebrew);}{\f1056\fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Tahoma (Arabic);}
{\f1057\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Tahoma Baltic;}{\f1058\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Tahoma (Vietnamese);}{\f1059\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 Tahoma (Thai);}{\f1090\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 Lucida Console CE;}
{\f1091\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 Lucida Console Cyr;}{\f1093\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 Lucida Console Greek;}{\f1094\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 Lucida Console Tur;}{\f1100\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Verdana CE;}{\f1101\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Verdana Cyr;}
{\f1103\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Verdana Greek;}{\f1104\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Verdana Tur;}{\f1107\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Verdana Baltic;}{\f1108\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Verdana (Vietnamese);}{\f1110\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial Black CE;}
{\f1111\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial Black Cyr;}{\f1113\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial Black Greek;}{\f1114\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial Black Tur;}{\f1117\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial Black Baltic;}
{\f1120\fscript\fcharset238\fprq2 Comic Sans MS CE;}{\f1121\fscript\fcharset204\fprq2 Comic Sans MS Cyr;}{\f1123\fscript\fcharset161\fprq2 Comic Sans MS Greek;}{\f1124\fscript\fcharset162\fprq2 Comic Sans MS Tur;}
{\f1127\fscript\fcharset186\fprq2 Comic Sans MS Baltic;}{\f1130\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Impact CE;}{\f1131\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Impact Cyr;}{\f1133\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Impact Greek;}{\f1134\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Impact Tur;}
{\f1137\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Impact Baltic;}{\f1140\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Georgia CE;}{\f1141\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Georgia Cyr;}{\f1143\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Georgia Greek;}{\f1144\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Georgia Tur;}
{\f1147\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Georgia Baltic;}{\f1150\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium CE;}{\f1151\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium Cyr;}{\f1153\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium Greek;}
{\f1154\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium Tur;}{\f1157\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium Baltic;}{\f1160\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Palatino Linotype CE;}{\f1161\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Palatino Linotype Cyr;}
{\f1163\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Palatino Linotype Greek;}{\f1164\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Palatino Linotype Tur;}{\f1167\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Palatino Linotype Baltic;}{\f1168\froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Palatino Linotype (Vietnamese);}
{\f1170\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Trebuchet MS CE;}{\f1171\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Trebuchet MS Cyr;}{\f1173\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Trebuchet MS Greek;}{\f1174\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Trebuchet MS Tur;}
{\f1177\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Trebuchet MS Baltic;}{\f1200\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Microsoft Sans Serif CE;}{\f1201\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Microsoft Sans Serif Cyr;}{\f1203\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Microsoft Sans Serif Greek;}
{\f1204\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Microsoft Sans Serif Tur;}{\f1205\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Microsoft Sans Serif (Hebrew);}{\f1206\fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Microsoft Sans Serif (Arabic);}{\f1207\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Microsoft Sans Serif Baltic;}
{\f1208\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Microsoft Sans Serif (Vietnamese);}{\f1209\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 Microsoft Sans Serif (Thai);}{\f1210\fscript\fcharset238\fprq2 Mistral CE;}{\f1211\fscript\fcharset204\fprq2 Mistral Cyr;}
{\f1213\fscript\fcharset161\fprq2 Mistral Greek;}{\f1214\fscript\fcharset162\fprq2 Mistral Tur;}{\f1217\fscript\fcharset186\fprq2 Mistral Baltic;}{\f1220\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Lucida Sans Unicode CE;}
{\f1221\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Lucida Sans Unicode Cyr;}{\f1223\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Lucida Sans Unicode Greek;}{\f1224\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Lucida Sans Unicode Tur;}{\f1225\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Lucida Sans Unicode (Hebrew);}
{\f1340\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Book CE;}{\f1341\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Book Cyr;}{\f1343\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Book Greek;}{\f1344\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Book Tur;}
{\f1347\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Book Baltic;}{\f1350\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Demi CE;}{\f1351\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Demi Cyr;}{\f1353\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Demi Greek;}
{\f1354\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Demi Tur;}{\f1357\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Demi Baltic;}{\f1360\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium Cond CE;}{\f1361\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium Cond Cyr;}
{\f1363\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium Cond Greek;}{\f1364\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium Cond Tur;}{\f1367\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium Cond Baltic;}{\f1380\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Century Gothic CE;}
{\f1381\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Century Gothic Cyr;}{\f1383\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Century Gothic Greek;}{\f1384\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Century Gothic Tur;}{\f1387\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Century Gothic Baltic;}
{\f1500\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial Narrow CE;}{\f1501\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial Narrow Cyr;}{\f1503\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial Narrow Greek;}{\f1504\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial Narrow Tur;}
{\f1507\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial Narrow Baltic;}{\f1512\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS Western;}{\f1510\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS CE;}{\f1511\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS Cyr;}
{\f1513\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS Greek;}{\f1514\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS Tur;}{\f1515\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS (Hebrew);}{\f1516\fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS (Arabic);}
{\f1517\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS Baltic;}{\f1518\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS (Vietnamese);}{\f1519\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS (Thai);}{\f1520\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Book Antiqua CE;}
{\f1521\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Book Antiqua Cyr;}{\f1523\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Book Antiqua Greek;}{\f1524\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Book Antiqua Tur;}{\f1527\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Book Antiqua Baltic;}
{\f1530\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Bookman Old Style CE;}{\f1531\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Bookman Old Style Cyr;}{\f1533\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Bookman Old Style Greek;}{\f1534\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Bookman Old Style Tur;}
{\f1537\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Bookman Old Style Baltic;}{\f1540\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Garamond CE;}{\f1541\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Garamond Cyr;}{\f1543\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Garamond Greek;}{\f1544\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Garamond Tur;}
{\f1547\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Garamond Baltic;}{\f1560\fscript\fcharset238\fprq2 Monotype Corsiva CE;}{\f1561\fscript\fcharset204\fprq2 Monotype Corsiva Cyr;}{\f1563\fscript\fcharset161\fprq2 Monotype Corsiva Greek;}
{\f1564\fscript\fcharset162\fprq2 Monotype Corsiva Tur;}{\f1567\fscript\fcharset186\fprq2 Monotype Corsiva Baltic;}{\f2370\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Haettenschweiler CE;}{\f2371\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Haettenschweiler Cyr;}
{\f2373\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Haettenschweiler Greek;}{\f2374\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Haettenschweiler Tur;}{\f2377\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Haettenschweiler Baltic;}{\f2413\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Alba Greek;}
{\f2423\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Alba Matter Greek;}{\f2433\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Alba Super Greek;}{\f2443\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Baby Kruffy Greek;}{\f2453\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Chick Greek;}{\f2463\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Croobie Greek;}
{\f2483\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Freshbot Greek;}{\f2493\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Frosty Greek;}{\f2503\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 GlooGun Greek;}{\f2513\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Jenkins v2.0 Greek;}{\f2543\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Pussycat Greek;}
{\f2553\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Weltron Urban Greek;}{\f2562\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 @MS Mincho Western;}{\f2560\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 @MS Mincho CE;}{\f2561\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 @MS Mincho Cyr;}{\f2563\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 @MS Mincho Greek;}
{\f2564\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 @MS Mincho Tur;}{\f2567\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 @MS Mincho Baltic;}{\f2962\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 @Batang Western;}{\f2960\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 @Batang CE;}{\f2961\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 @Batang Cyr;}
{\f2963\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 @Batang Greek;}{\f2964\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 @Batang Tur;}{\f2967\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 @Batang Baltic;}{\f2972\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2 @SimSun Western;}{\f2980\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Albertus Medium CE;}
{\f2984\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Albertus Medium Tur;}{\f2987\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Albertus Medium Baltic;}{\f2990\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Albertus CE;}{\f2994\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Albertus Tur;}{\f2997\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Albertus Baltic;}
{\f3000\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Albertus Extra Bold CE;}{\f3004\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Albertus Extra Bold Tur;}{\f3007\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Albertus Extra Bold Baltic;}{\f3010\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 ITC Avant Garde Gothic CE;}
{\f3014\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 ITC Avant Garde Gothic Tur;}{\f3017\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 ITC Avant Garde Gothic Baltic;}{\f3020\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 ITC Avant Garde Gothic Demi CE;}
{\f3024\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 ITC Avant Garde Gothic Demi Tur;}{\f3027\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 ITC Avant Garde Gothic Demi Baltic;}{\f3030\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 ITC Bookman Light CE;}{\f3034\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 ITC Bookman Light Tur;}
{\f3037\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 ITC Bookman Light Baltic;}{\f3040\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 ITC Bookman Demi CE;}{\f3044\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 ITC Bookman Demi Tur;}{\f3047\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 ITC Bookman Demi Baltic;}
{\f3050\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 CG Omega CE;}{\f3054\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 CG Omega Tur;}{\f3057\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 CG Omega Baltic;}{\f3060\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 CG Times CE;}{\f3064\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 CG Times Tur;}
{\f3067\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 CG Times Baltic;}{\f3070\fscript\fcharset238\fprq2 ITC Zapf Chancery CE;}{\f3074\fscript\fcharset162\fprq2 ITC Zapf Chancery Tur;}{\f3077\fscript\fcharset186\fprq2 ITC Zapf Chancery Baltic;}
{\f3080\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Clarendon CE;}{\f3084\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Clarendon Tur;}{\f3087\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Clarendon Baltic;}{\f3090\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Clarendon Condensed CE;}
{\f3094\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Clarendon Condensed Tur;}{\f3097\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Clarendon Condensed Baltic;}{\f3100\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Clarendon Extended CE;}{\f3104\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Clarendon Extended Tur;}
{\f3107\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Clarendon Extended Baltic;}{\f3110\fscript\fcharset238\fprq2 Coronet CE;}{\f3114\fscript\fcharset162\fprq2 Coronet Tur;}{\f3117\fscript\fcharset186\fprq2 Coronet Baltic;}{\f3120\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 CourierPS CE;}
{\f3124\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 CourierPS Tur;}{\f3127\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 CourierPS Baltic;}{\f3140\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Helvetica Narrow CE;}{\f3144\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Helvetica Narrow Tur;}
{\f3147\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Helvetica Narrow Baltic;}{\f3150\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 Letter Gothic CE;}{\f3154\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 Letter Gothic Tur;}{\f3157\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 Letter Gothic Baltic;}
{\f3160\fscript\fcharset238\fprq2 Marigold CE;}{\f3164\fscript\fcharset162\fprq2 Marigold Tur;}{\f3167\fscript\fcharset186\fprq2 Marigold Baltic;}{\f3170\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 New Century Schoolbook CE;}
{\f3174\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 New Century Schoolbook Tur;}{\f3177\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 New Century Schoolbook Baltic;}{\f3180\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Antique Olive CE;}{\f3184\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Antique Olive Tur;}
{\f3187\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Antique Olive Baltic;}{\f3190\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Antique Olive Compact CE;}{\f3194\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Antique Olive Compact Tur;}{\f3197\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Antique Olive Compact Baltic;}
{\f3200\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Palatino CE{\*\falt Book Antiqua};}{\f3204\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Palatino Tur{\*\falt Book Antiqua};}{\f3207\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Palatino Baltic{\*\falt Book Antiqua};}{\f3220\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times CE;}
{\f3224\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times Tur;}{\f3227\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times Baltic;}{\f3230\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Univers CE;}{\f3234\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Univers Tur;}{\f3237\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Univers Baltic;}
{\f3240\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Univers Condensed CE;}{\f3244\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Univers Condensed Tur;}{\f3247\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Univers Condensed Baltic;}{\f6080\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CYR CE;}
{\f6081\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman CYR Cyr;}{\f6083\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman CYR Greek;}{\f6084\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman CYR Tur;}{\f6085\froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman CYR (Hebrew);}
{\f6086\froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman CYR (Arabic);}{\f6087\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman CYR Baltic;}{\f6088\froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman CYR (Vietnamese);}{\f6090\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman TUR CE;}
{\f6091\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman TUR Cyr;}{\f6093\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman TUR Greek;}{\f6094\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman TUR Tur;}{\f6095\froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman TUR (Hebrew);}
{\f6096\froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman TUR (Arabic);}{\f6097\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman TUR Baltic;}{\f6098\froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman TUR (Vietnamese);}{\f6100\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial CYR CE;}
{\f6101\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial CYR Cyr;}{\f6103\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial CYR Greek;}{\f6104\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial CYR Tur;}{\f6105\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Arial CYR (Hebrew);}{\f6106\fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Arial CYR (Arabic);}
{\f6107\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial CYR Baltic;}{\f6108\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Arial CYR (Vietnamese);}{\f6110\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial TUR CE;}{\f6111\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial TUR Cyr;}{\f6113\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial TUR Greek;}
{\f6114\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial TUR Tur;}{\f6115\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Arial TUR (Hebrew);}{\f6116\fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Arial TUR (Arabic);}{\f6117\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial TUR Baltic;}
{\f6118\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Arial TUR (Vietnamese);}{\f6120\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 Courier New CYR CE;}{\f6121\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 Courier New CYR Cyr;}{\f6123\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 Courier New CYR Greek;}
{\f6124\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 Courier New CYR Tur;}{\f6125\fmodern\fcharset177\fprq1 Courier New CYR (Hebrew);}{\f6126\fmodern\fcharset178\fprq1 Courier New CYR (Arabic);}{\f6127\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 Courier New CYR Baltic;}
{\f6128\fmodern\fcharset163\fprq1 Courier New CYR (Vietnamese);}{\f6130\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 Courier New TUR CE;}{\f6131\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 Courier New TUR Cyr;}{\f6133\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 Courier New TUR Greek;}
{\f6134\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 Courier New TUR Tur;}{\f6135\fmodern\fcharset177\fprq1 Courier New TUR (Hebrew);}{\f6136\fmodern\fcharset178\fprq1 Courier New TUR (Arabic);}{\f6137\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 Courier New TUR Baltic;}
{\f6138\fmodern\fcharset163\fprq1 Courier New TUR (Vietnamese);}{\f6590\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek CE;}{\f6591\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek Cyr;}{\f6593\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek Greek;}
{\f6594\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek Tur;}{\f6595\froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek (Hebrew);}{\f6596\froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek (Arabic);}{\f6597\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek Baltic;}
{\f6598\froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek (Vietnamese);}{\f6620\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic CE;}{\f6621\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic Cyr;}{\f6623\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic Greek;}
{\f6624\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic Tur;}{\f6625\froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic (Hebrew);}{\f6626\froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic (Arabic);}
{\f6627\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic Baltic;}{\f6628\froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic (Vietnamese);}{\f7630\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial Baltic CE;}{\f7631\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial Baltic Cyr;}
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{\author Frank Thorn}{\operator John Palmer}{\creatim\yr2007\mo6\dy29\hr18\min6}{\revtim\yr2007\mo7\dy15\hr22\min13}{\version7}{\edmins40}{\nofpages47}{\nofwords23220}{\nofchars132355}{\*\company  }{\nofcharsws155265}{\vern16389}}
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\par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3089745 \f2\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid1645786 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid12148374\charrsid12148374 INTRODUCTION}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid12148374 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid12148374\charrsid12148374 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 HISTORY
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 Staffordshire is first mentioned by name in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle for 1016, a
t which date the county can scarcely have been more than a century old, for the lands which were to form the shire had long been an indistinguishable part of Mercia, not apparently corresponding to any tribal division, yet lying at its very centre. It was
 part of the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15533895 thaer monarest my}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 r}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15533895 cna haet}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  ('the first land of the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1581609 
Mercians') as the Tribal Hidage}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  puts it, or}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8144110  the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12009817  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 Myrce}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid9989722 nes Lands}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
 ('Mercian lands') as the same document elsewhere describes them and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3089745 they are }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 there distinguished from the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid9989722 Pecsaetna}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  (}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3089745 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 the Peak Dwellers}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3089745 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 ) who lay to the north, the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid3089745 Lindes Farona}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
 ('the people of Lindsey', later in Lincolnshire) on their eastern side, and the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid9989722 Woc}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid528130\charrsid13911312 en}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid13911312 saetna}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid13911312  (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6184034\charrsid13911312 better }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6184034\charrsid13911312 Wreocensaetna}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6184034 , }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 'the Wrekin-dwellers}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3089745 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 ) who lay to the south. Another tribe, the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid9989722 Magonsaete}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12009817 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  also 
lay south of 'Mercia proper' but is not mentioned by the Tribal Hidage; see }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid9989722 Hill, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid9989722 Atlas of Anglo-Saxon England}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
, p. 76; Brooks, 'Formation of the Mercian Kingdom', pp. 159-64; }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12009817 Gelling, \lquote Early History of W}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1647695 estern Mercia\rquote }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12009817 ;}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid9989722 VCH Staffordshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 , i. p. 217. 
\par \tab 
Tamworth had been the capital of Mercia since the time of King Penda (?626-654). Here had been King Offa's palace; kings were buried there and important councils held; see 1,9 Tamworth note. Close by was Lichfield, ecclesiastical centre of the see of Merc
ia, established in 669 by Ceadda (St Chad); not far away was Repton (later in Derbyshire), site of its most important early abbey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10963638 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  Yet, that Staffordshire was a late and artificial creation is shown b}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3089745 y the fact that it spanned the R}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 iver Trent, which had divided North from South Mercia in the time of Bede (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid6831483 see Bede, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid6831483 
Ecclesiastical History}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1581609\charrsid6831483 , iii. 24}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6831483 : }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1581609\charrsid6831483 Colgrave and Mynors, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid6831483  pp. 294-95)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6831483  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid6831483 and that}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  its boundary with Warwickshire ran clean through the middle of Tamworth.
\par  \tab The origins of the shire lay in arrangements made by King Alfred's son, Edward the Elder}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12009817 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
 and his sister Aethelflaed, 'Lady of the Mercians' who was married to Aethelred, ealdorman of the Mercians, to expel the Danes who had marauded freely throughout Mercia in the latter half of the ninth century. I
n 874 they had seized Repton and in 877 had partitioned Merc}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3089745 ia, taking half}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  into their Danelaw and leaving half in the hands of a puppet, Ceolwulf}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10963638  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid10963638\charrsid14172867 II}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 , whom they had installed on the Mercian throne. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3089745 The line of division is uncertain. There was an agreement}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
 made between King Alfred of Wessex and Guthrum}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12009817 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  a Danish king}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12009817 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  at Wedmore (Som}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3089745 erset) in 878 and this }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 was codified in 886 by a treaty made between Guthrum and Alfred of Wessex}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3089745 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13247186  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3089745 
The treaty reads: 'First, concerning our boundaries: up the Thames, and then up the Lea and along the Lea to its source, then, in a straight line, to Bedford, then up the Ouse to the Watling Street'; }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 see }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid6847205 English Historical Documents}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3089745 , i. pp. 416-17 no. 34. It has generally been assumed }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 that the demarcation then continued along Watling
 Street, but the treaty does not say this and it is pos}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12009817 sible that}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  the junction between the River Ouse and}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12009817  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 Watling Street was the nor}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14886218 t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 hern limit of Guthrum's s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14886218 p}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 h}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14886218 e}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 re of influence. There is the possibi}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14886218 li}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 ty, that}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14886218 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  from that point, the boundary was with the territory of another king}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12009817 , concerning which no document}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14886218  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12009817 (if there was one)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14886218  survives}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12009817 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
 and that it turned northwards from what became the northern tip of Warwickshire and followed a line that later marked the shires of Staffordshire, Cheshire }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14886218 and Lancashire from those of De}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
rbyshire and Yorkshire; see }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid6847205 Davis}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12009817 , 'Alfred and Guthrum's F}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid6847205 rontier}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid6847205 
; Gelling, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid6847205 West Midlands}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid6847205 , pp. 127-28.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14886218  At all events}{\f0\fs22\insrsid14886218 , }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14886218\charrsid14886218 
Watling Street lay through southern Staffordshire, but it is difficult to point to any lasting traces of Danish influence in that}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14886218  larger portion that might}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14886218\charrsid14886218 
 have lain briefly in the Danelaw; see }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14886218\charrsid14886218 VCH Staffordshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14886218\charrsid14886218 , i. p. 219, iv. p. 6.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid14886218 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 \tab Edward the Elder defeated the Danes at Tettenhall in 910, but his campaign and that of his sister to drive them out relied not simply on success in battle but on the construction or refortification of more than twenty-five }
{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid5534985 burh}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 s, built throughout the country no doubt to serve both as defensible places of retreat and also as bases from which to mount attacks. Among these }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid14886218 burhs}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  were ones at Tamworth and at Stafford, both constructed by Aethelflaed in 913}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2885165 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1864389  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1864389\charrsid2885165 
and ones at Eddisbury (in Cheshire) and at Warwick, built by her in 914}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid2885165 . She died at Ta}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 mworth in 918.
\par  \tab In order to provide the manpower to maintain the defences of these }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid3031312 burhs}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
, the hides around each were grouped together, as is shown by the Burghal Hidage which probably dates from between 914 and 919; see Maitland, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid5534985 Domesday Book and Beyond}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 , pp. 503-}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14886218 50}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 4; Stenton, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid16059872 Anglo-Saxon England}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 , p. 265; Hill, 'Burghal Hidage'; Keynes and Lapidge, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid341074 
Alfred the Great}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 , pp. 193-4, 339-41}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3031312 ;}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid16059872 VCH Staffordshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 , iv.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3031312  p. }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 4. Stafford is not mentioned in this document nor is Tamworth, although two Mercian boroughs are; a note added at the end, and not included in the document's total, allocates 2,404 hides (probably a slip for 2,400) to the }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid5534985 burh}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  of Warwick and 1200 to that of Worcester, figures borne out by the County Hidage}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14886218  (see Maitland, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14886218\charrsid10118464 Domes
day Book and Beyond}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14886218 , p. 456), a document perhaps dating fro}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6690019 m early in the eleventh century}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 .
\par \tab Staffordshire does not fit neatly into this pattern. The shire can only have grown around the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid10118464 burh}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  of Stafford at the expense of Tamworth, some of whose surroundin
g hides were probably also allotted to Warwickshire. The County Hidage gives 500 hides to Staffordshire, a f}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14886218 igure that is surprisingly low}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3031312  in view o}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
f the fact that the slightly smaller Warwickshire and the slightly larger Gloucestershire are allotted 1200 hides and 2,400 hides respectively; see }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid10118464 VCH Staffordshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
, iv. pp. 2-3. Nor is the figure duodecimal like the others; see \{Introduction: Hidation\}.
\par \tab The defeat and settlement of the Danes brought a period of peace. In 924 (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14886218 according to the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8786514\charrsid8786514 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14886218 ) K}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
ing Athelstan met }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid8144110 Sihtric}{\f0\fs24\cf11\insrsid8144110  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8144110\charrsid8144110 Caoch}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8144110 , the Scandinavian ruler of York,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
 and gave to him his sister in marriage, thus}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14886218  theoretically securing the nort}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 hern border of Mercia. Sihtric died in the next year and King Athelstan became king of the Northumbrians}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8144110  after expelling Gunfrith, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2885165 Sihtric's brother}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8144110 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10312686\charrsid2885165 
Following King Athelstan's death in 939, the Northumbrians chose Anlaf (Olaf) Guthfrithson}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8273377\charrsid2885165  from Ireland}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10312686\charrsid2885165  as their king and soon afterwards, in 940,}{
\f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid10312686\charrsid2885165  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10312686\charrsid2885165 Anlaf came south with an army and stormed Tamworth, taking much booty. Among his captives was Wulfrun, mother of Wulfric Spot; see 1,9 Tamworth note. King Edmund }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8273377\charrsid2885165 besieged K}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3749101\charrsid2885165 ing Anlaf in Leicester, but a treaty between them was arranged by the Arch}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2885165 bishops of Canterbury and York }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3749101\charrsid2885165 and King Edmund }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10312686\charrsid2885165 was for}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3749101\charrsid2885165 ced to cede to King Anlaf}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10312686\charrsid2885165  lands north of Watling Street}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3749101\charrsid2885165 , as far as the border with Northumbria}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2885165 , that is the territory of the F}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3749101\charrsid2885165 i}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2885165 ve B}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3749101\charrsid2885165 
oroughs, which was settled by a largely Danish population}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10312686\charrsid2885165 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7371548\charrsid2885165 Anlaf Gu}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10312686\charrsid2885165 nfrithson died in 941. }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid7371548\charrsid2885165 His successor was }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8273377\charrsid2885165 his cousin Anlaf Sihtricson, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10312686\charrsid2885165 a son of Sihtric Caoch, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8273377\charrsid2885165 from }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid7371548\charrsid2885165 whom }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10312686\charrsid2885165 King }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8273377\charrsid2885165 Edmund }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7371548\charrsid2885165 re}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10312686\charrsid2885165 
covered the Five Boroughs in 942}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7371548\charrsid2885165 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8273377 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 \tab It seems probable that during this century, Staffordshire and the other Mercian shires began to take shape. They probably evolved from the defensive arrangements
 made in the 910s to counter the Danes, possibly as the networks of other obligations - taxation, justice, customary dues - were gradually transferred from important manors to the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid341074 burh}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
s. On the other hand, Mercia continued to be trea}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12929395 ted as a unit presided over by e}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 aldormen, later by earls. Moreover, a Mercian Council (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid5530228 Myrcna witan}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 ) was in existence in 957 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid2885165 (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6184034\charrsid2885165 Robertson, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6184034\charrsid2885165 Anglo-Saxon-Charters}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6184034\charrsid2885165 , }
{\f0\fs24\insrsid10554130\charrsid2885165 no. 44 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6184034\charrsid2885165 pp. 90-93}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10554130\charrsid2885165 , 336-39}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid2885165 ),}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
 which suggests that Mercia was still a recognisable unit and the tribes seem to have had some continuing importance in the tenth century for the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid5530228 Magonsaete}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
 appear in a Herefordshire charter of 958 (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid5530228 Sawyer, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid5530228 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid5530228 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid5530228 no. 677}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 ), the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid13911312 Wreocensaete}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  are mentioned in a Shropshire grant of 963 (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid5530228 
Sawyer, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid5530228 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid5530228 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  no. 723) and the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid5530228 Pecsaete}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
 in a charter of the same year relating to Ballidon in Derbyshire (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1136743 Brooks, Gelling and Johnson}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12929395 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1136743  \lquote New Charter of King Edgar\rquote }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 ); }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid5530228 see Gelling, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid5530228 West Midlands}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid5530228 , p.145}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
. It is difficult to be certain when these land-units grouped around the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid5530228 burh}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 s became shires, in the sense of having a court and an administration
 centred on the shire town. In the present state of knowledge it is hard to prove that, with the solitary exception of Cheshire, mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle for 980, the west Mercian shires were in existence before the eleventh century, althoug
h }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7034693 the hundreds probably were.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  Taylor}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7034693 , 'Origin of the Mercian Shires'}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12929395  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 in Finberg, }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid10118464 Gloucestershire Studies}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 , pp. 23-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14886218 24}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12929395 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14886218  argued}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
 for an early eleventh-century date, assuming that the first mention of the shires by name is only shortly after their formation. Whybra, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid3102493 Lost English County}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 , p. 106}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12929395 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  concludes that they were in existence in the tenth century. 'Shire' is derived from Old English }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid3102493 scir}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  ('a cutting', 'a div}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14886218 i}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 sion') and essentially the problem of date is one of the exact definition of 'shire'. On the hundreds, see \{Introduction: Hundreds\}.
\par \tab In 1013 Staffordshire was no doubt ravaged by the Danish king}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6903683 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  Swein}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14886218 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  for the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8786514\charrsid8786514 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14886218 , }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 after recording the submission to him of the men of the Five Boroughs }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7034693 in 942}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  and 'all the Danish settlers north of Watling Street'}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6903683 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  says that he tu}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7034693 rned southwards (or, as }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6903683\charrsid7034693 John}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  of Worcest}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9992071 er says}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6903683 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9992071  'against the south Merc}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 ians') and the
n 'when he had crossed Watling Street, they did the greatest damage that any army could do. He then turned to Oxford, and the citizens at once submitted and gave hostages' (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9992071 the translation is from Whitelock and others, }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9992071\charrsid9992071 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9992071 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  p. 92). Warwickshire (and therefore probably part or all of Staffordshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6903683 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
 was ravaged by Swein's son Cnut in 1016 and in the same year Edmund the atheling and Earl Uhtred of Northumbria on their side and Cnut on his ravaged Staffordshire, Shropshire and Cheshire. This annal contains the first mention of Staffordshire.
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6903683 \tab Edwin, E}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 arl of Mercia}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6903683 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  submitted to the Conqueror but }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid10706072 in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5071590 1068, he}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid10706072  and his brother Mo}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 rcar turned against the king}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid10706072 . Edwin allied with the Welsh king Bleddyn of Gwynedd, but his behaviour may have been more 
pique (that William had not given him a promised daughter in marriage) than rebellion. Edwin swiftly submitted}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid5071590 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5071590 
 An insurrection at Stafford was put down by King William in 1069: according }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5071590\charrsid6831483 to Orderic Vitalis, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5071590\charrsid6831483 Ecclesiastical History}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1581609\charrsid6831483 
 (Chibnall,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5071590\charrsid6831483  ii. pp. 228-29}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1581609\charrsid6831483 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5071590\charrsid6831483  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5071590\charrsid6831483 Rex interim}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5071590\charrsid5071590 
 apud Esta}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5071590 fort quam plurimos factiosarum p}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5071590\charrsid5071590 artium facili proventu delevit}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5071590 
 ('Meanwhile at Stafford the king with an easy advance destroyed the largest possible number of rebellious groups')}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4410607 
. In 1070, when King William was returning from the north and before his coronation at Winchester at Easter, he went to Chester where he built a castle and t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4410607\charrsid6831483 
hen to Stafford where he built another one; see Orderic Vitalis, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4410607\charrsid6831483 Ecclesiastical History}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1581609\charrsid6831483  (Chibnall, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4410607\charrsid6831483 ii. pp. 236-37}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1581609\charrsid6831483 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4410607\charrsid6831483 ; Douglas, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4410607\charrsid6831483 William the Conqueror}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4410607\charrsid6831483 , pp. 219-20. This castle}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4410607 
 is mentioned in Domeday (10,9) by which time it had been }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6903683\charrsid7034693 destroyed}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7034693 ; see 10,9 castle note.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5071590\charrsid5071590 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4410607 \tab Little by little, the Conqueror ate into Earl Edwin's}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid10706072  earldom}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4410607 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid10706072  He first gave judicial author
ity throughout Mercia, except in Cheshire, to Aethelwig, Abbot of Evesham}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4410607 ; see Stenton, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4410607\charrsid4410607 Anglo-Saxon England}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4410607 , p. 623.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid10706072 
 Then (the dates are uncertain) he gave Cheshire to Gherbod, the greater part of Shropshire to Earl Roger and Gloucestershire, Herefordshire
, part of Worcestershire and probably the southern part of Shropshire to Earl William son of Osbern. Earl Edwin fled with his brother Morcar in the spring of 1071. Morcar was arrested, Edwin subsequently killed by his own men; see Williams, }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8786514 The }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid10706072 English and the Norman Conquest}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6903683 , pp. 24-26, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid10706072 51-54.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
 Shropshire and Staffordshire were involved in this revolt}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4410607 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid10706072 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3089745 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126 \tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126\charrsid15300083 No doubt in part because of its previous}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126\charrsid15300083 history}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126 , }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126\charrsid4410607 Staffordshire}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126  in 1086}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4410607  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126 was poor, underdev}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6903683 eloped and backward, characterized by a small popu}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126 lation, low val
ues and a large number of derelict estates; see }{\cf1\insrsid5771126 Eyton, }{\i\cf1\insrsid5771126 Domesday Studies: Staffordshire}{\cf1\insrsid5771126 , pp. 18-23}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126 ;}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9446381  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126\charrsid9446381 VCH }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9446381\charrsid9446381 Staffordshire}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9446381\charrsid9446381 , }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6903683 iv.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126\charrsid9446381  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9446381\charrsid9446381 p. 1; }
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126\charrsid9446381 Desborough}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9446381\charrsid9446381 , 'Introduction', }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9446381\charrsid9446381 Staffordshire Domesday}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9446381\charrsid9446381 , p. 1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6903683 ; Pinnock, 'Staffordshire Medieval Population and P}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126 rosper
ity'. On the history of Staffordshire as a whole, see }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126\charrsid15226843 Wedgwood, 'Early Staffordshire History'}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126 , pp. 138-50; }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126\charrsid15300083 VCH Staffordshire}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126 , ii. pp. 217-222.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126\charrsid10027494 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6903683 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5987794 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126 HID}{\b\insrsid5771126 ATION}{\b\insrsid5771126\charrsid5845073  }{\b\insrsid5771126 
\par }{\insrsid5771126\charrsid8003248 Staffordshire and four of its contiguous counties (Warwickshire, Worcestershire, Shropshire, Che}{\insrsid5771126 shire}{\insrsid9253423 ) were}{\insrsid5771126\charrsid8003248  assessed}{\insrsid5771126  in hides. T}{
\insrsid5771126\charrsid8003248 he fifth county, Derbyshire}{\insrsid5771126 , wa}{\insrsid5771126\charrsid8003248 s assessed in caruc}{\insrsid5771126 ates and bovates, like other Dan}{\insrsid5771126\charrsid8003248 elaw counties.}{\insrsid5771126 
 The measurement in hides suggests a continuity from much ea}{\insrsid9253423 r}{\insrsid5771126 lier times that was not interrupted by Danish invasion and}{\insrsid1581609  settlement. The Tribal Hidage}{\insrsid5771126  which might be dated at any}{
\insrsid10245139  }{\insrsid5771126 time between the mid-seventh to late ninth century, but is probably earlier rather than later, allots 30,000 hides to the 'Mercian Lands', and, for example}{\insrsid9253423 ,}{\insrsid5771126  7,000 hides to the }{
\i\insrsid5771126\charrsid13911312 Wocensaetna}{\insrsid5771126 ; see \{Introduction: History\}. It is not clear what purpose these figures served, }{\insrsid9253423 nor how far they are a}{\insrsid10245139 n}{\insrsid9253423  estimate nor}{
\insrsid5771126  how they relate to the smaller figures found in the Burghal Hidage, the County Hidage and those given for individual estates when they were granted by charter. There are not many early charters for Staffordshire, but grants are made in }{
\i\insrsid5771126\charrsid12021412 manentes}{\insrsid5771126  or }{\i\insrsid5771126\charrsid12021412 cass}{\insrsid5771126\charrsid12021412 ati }{\insrsid5771126 or }{\i\insrsid5771126\charrsid12021412 mansiunculae}{\insrsid5771126  or }{
\i\insrsid5771126\charrsid12021412 mansae}{\insrsid5771126  and it is assumed that these are }{\insrsid7034693 the equivalent of}{\insrsid5771126  hides. An impressive block of 40 }{\i\insrsid5771126\charrsid12021412 hyde}{\insrsid5771126 
, containing nine named places}{\insrsid10245139 ,}{\insrsid5771126  was given by King Edmund to Wulfsige }{\i\insrsid5771126\charrsid9253423 Maur'}{\insrsid5771126  in 942; see }{\insrsid9253423 1,11 Alrewas note. Already, probably between 910 and 920 }{
\insrsid5771126 in the whole of southe}{\insrsid9253423 rn England and in parts of the M}{\insrsid5771126 idlands}{\insrsid8858893 ,}{\insrsid5771126  large blocks of hides had been attributed for the upkeep of fortified }{
\i\insrsid5771126\charrsid12021412 burh}{\insrsid5771126 s (see \{Introduction: History\}), and it is possible that this was }{\insrsid9253423 done }{\insrsid5771126 on the basis of a hidation }{\insrsid9253423 that }{\insrsid5771126 
had been allotted to provinces and within them subdivided between vills at an earlier period, though probably derived from a }{\insrsid5771126\charrsid1644859 'new' hidation, rather than deduced 
from the gigantic figures of the Tribal Hidage. It is possible}{\insrsid7034693 ,}{\insrsid5771126\charrsid1644859  but unlikely}{\insrsid7034693 ,}{\insrsid5771126\charrsid1644859  that a drastic reduction in hidage had taken place in the tenth century.}
{\insrsid5771126  }{\insrsid5771126\charrsid1644859 Arguing from charter evidence, C.F. Slade in }{\i\insrsid5771126\charrsid1644859 VCH Staffordshire}{\insrsid5771126\charrsid1644859 , iv. pp. 5-6, suggests some redistribution
 of tax liabilities, but not major reductions. However, the c}{\insrsid9253423 harter evidence is in short supply and what}{\insrsid5771126\charrsid1644859  little}{\insrsid9253423  there is is difficult t}{\insrsid5771126\charrsid1644859 
o interpret on this point.}{\insrsid5771126  }{\insrsid5771126\charrsid1644859 The alternative}{\insrsid5771126  is to think that before lands were grouped to support fortified }{\i\insrsid5771126\charrsid12021412 burh}{\insrsid5771126 s, estat
es were only given a detailed hidation when they were granted out (usually by a king) from a (usually royal) vill. If that was the case, wholesale hidation would have to take account of the assessments contained in existing grants, rather than to reassess
 them, for there is often a demonstrable relationship (though not, for paucity of evidence, in Staffordshire), between the size of an estate given in a charter and its size in Domesday Book.}{\b\insrsid5771126\charrsid1644859 
\par }{\insrsid5771126 \tab When counties were formed in the West Midlands, they seem to have been based on units of 600 hides (see \{Introduction: History\}
) which were subdivided between hundreds, some of which prove to be approximately 100 hides. It is not certain whether hundreds and shires were formed at the same time. However, the boundaries o
f both types of division will have had to encompass the appropriate number of hides which were already in existence and accommodate matters of tenure, so that}{\insrsid9253423 ,}{\insrsid5771126  where possible}{\insrsid9253423 ,}{\insrsid5771126 
 the lands of particular holders (especially churches) could be in the same hundred or county. This led to some detached parts of each, most evident i}{\insrsid9253423 n the complex interlacing of Gl}{\insrsid5771126 oucestershire and Worcestershire.

\par \tab These 'hundreds of hides' were further subdivided between vills or estates. In Staffordshire, as elsewhere}{\insrsid8858893 ,}{\insrsid5771126  there are strong signs that a unit of 5 hides was laid on a particular loc}{\insrsid8858893 
ality. Some estates are assesse}{\insrsid5771126 d as such, but there are many examples where adjacent estates, though perhaps assessed in virgates}{\insrsid9253423 ,}{\insrsid5771126  or a hide or two}{\insrsid9253423 ,}{\insrsid5771126 
 combine to form 5 hides. There are many other 
instances where these blocks of five hides join with others to form 10 hides, 15 hides or 20 hides, occupying a continuous tract of land within a hundred. It is unlikely that these hidages arose by assessing individual estates and reaching a grand total. 
It is more probable that they were applied from above, probably originally to royal eststes that were assessed at 50 or more hides, and that the odd hides and v}{\insrsid8858893 irgates that occur in Domesday B}{\insrsid5771126 
ook are the result of subdivision, when the multiple estates broke up into incre}{\insrsid9253423 a}{\insrsid5771126 singly smaller units.
\par \tab The phenomenon of the 5-hide unit was first systematically discussed by Round (}{\i\insrsid5771126\charrsid14375673 Feudal England}{\insrsid9253423 , pp. 47-66}{\insrsid5771126 ). For Staffordshire, Eyton }{\insrsid5771126\charrsid14375673 (}{
\i\insrsid5771126\charrsid14375673 Domesday Studies}{\insrsid5771126 : }{\i\insrsid5771126\charrsid14375673 Staffordshire}{\insrsid5771126 ) produced tables listing, among other things, the as
sessment of each hundred and in the case of the hundreds of Cuttlestone, Offlow and Seisdon, these were revised by Bridgeman and Mander (\lquote Staffordshire Hidation\rquote ). The number of five-hide unit}{\insrsid8677712 
s in these hundreds is striking.}{\insrsid5771126  For example, in Cuttlestone Hundred, the 2 \'bd hides at Norbury (8,}{\insrsid8677712 10), combined with the \'bd hide}{\insrsid5771126 
 at Loynton (11,53) and the 2 hides of the estate unnamed in Domesday, but which can be shown from other evidence to be Weston Jones (11,51)}{\insrsid8677712 ,}{\insrsid5771126  make a five-hide unit. In the same hundred, the 2 hides at High Onn (8,8), t}
{\insrsid8677712 he \'bd }{\insrsid5771126 hide at Little Onn (17,16), the 1 hide at Marston (wrongl}{\insrsid8677712 y entered at NTH 16,2), the \'bd }{\insrsid5771126 
hide at Shushions (17,20) and the 1 hide at Longnor (11,6) make such a unit. In Seisdon Hundred, the 1 hide at Shipley (WAR 12,11), the 5 hides at Seisdon (12}{\insrsid8677712 ,17), the \'bd hide and 1 \'bd hides }{\insrsid5771126 
on the two estates at 'Crockington' (1,1. 12,16) together with the 2 hides at Trysull (12,15) make a unit of 10 hides. Similarly, in the same hundred, 10 hides are made up from one at Alveley (8,3), one at Romsley (WAR}{\insrsid8677712  12,9), 2}{
\insrsid5771126  hides and \'bd hide on the two lands at Arley (7,2) and 5 \'bd hid}{\insrsid8677712 es at Kinver (1,27). In Offlow H}{\insrsid5771126 undred, although the reconstruction is not quite so compelling, there is a 15}{\insrsid8677712 -hide }{
\insrsid5771126 unit formed from 4 hides at Harlaston (1,32), 8 hides at Clifton Campville (1,29) and 3 hides at Th}{\insrsid8677712 orpe Constantine (16,1). A five-}{\insrsid5771126 hide unit is composed }{\insrsid8677712\charrsid7034693 of }{
\insrsid8677712  }{\insrsid5771126 the 3 hides of Barton-under-Needwood (1,20), and the two at Wychnor (11,49); a further such unit is made up of }{\insrsid5771126\charrsid6190663 2 hides}{\insrsid10554130  }{\insrsid10554130\charrsid6190663 
at Oakley (11,47)}{\insrsid6190663  }{\insrsid5771126 and 3 hides at Elford (1,26). This last unit can be shown, with a couple of }{\insrsid8859444 assumptions, to be part of a 20-}{\insrsid5771126 hide unit occupying the north-western part of }{
\insrsid5771126\charrsid1644859 Offlow Hundred; see Bridgeman and Mander, \lquote Staffordshire Hidation\rquote , p. 177.
\par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3089745 \f2\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1644859 \tab 
Bridgeman and Mander did not attempt to reconstruct the assessment of Pirehill and Totmonslow Hundreds, because of the large number of estates which were waste in 1086 (principally 1,33-64) and for which hidages were rarely recorded. None of their hundre}
{\f0\fs24\insrsid9253423 ds reaches an exact total, probab}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1644859 ly because of Domesday's notorious errors with small numbers, but their detailed examination of the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9253423 
shire led them to think that Cu}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1644859 ttlestone Hundred and Offlow Hundred had once been}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9253423 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1644859 long}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9253423 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1644859  hundreds of 120 hides each, Seisdon Hundred had been a }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9253423 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1644859 long}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9253423 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1644859  hundr
ed-and-a-half of 180 hides, Totmonslow Hundred had been 30 hides}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9253423  and Pirehill Hundred 90 hides: }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1644859 Bridgeman and Mander, \lquote Staffordshire Hidation\rquote }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8859444 ,}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1644859 p. 181. These last two might once have been combined into a single }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9253423 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1644859 long}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9253423 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1644859  hundred. This makes a county total of 540 hides. The total in the County Hidage is 500 hides, but that migh}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 t have been arrived at from the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1644859 
knowledge that there were 5 hundreds in Staffordshire. The actual Domesday figure seems to be 513 hides 13 acres plus 25}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1644859 carucates.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1644859 This}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1644859 figure, from Bridgeman and Mander, 'Staffordshire Hidation', is accepted by Slade in }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1644859 
VCH Staffordshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1644859 , iv. p. 2}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid16649462 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16649462\charrsid16649462 The exact figures}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16649462  for the hundreds}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16649462\charrsid16649462 , adjusting those of Eyton, (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16649462\charrsid16649462 Domesday Studies}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16649462\charrsid16649462 : }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16649462\charrsid16649462 Staffordshire}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16649462\charrsid16649462 ), are: Cuttlestone 117 hides 114 acres; Offlow 117 hides 90 acres; Pirehill 86 hides 54 acres; Seisdon 172 hides 90 acres; and Totmonslow 18 hides 25 acres. These figures do not include the 25 carucates.}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16649462  The difference between the 513 hides 13 acres and the expected 540 hides can be bridged by assuming that the carucates}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12803455  more or less represent hides and allowing for some wrong figures or omissions. }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1644859 However, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12803455 whether the f}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1644859 igure }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12803455 is 500 hides or 540, it is some way short of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1644859 
 600 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12803455 and it }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1644859  seems that Staffordshire may have been what was left after the rest of Mercia, apart from the Danelaw proper, had been laid out into shires in multiples of 600 hides; see \{
Introduction: History\}.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12803455 {\f0\fs24\insrsid12803455 \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14172867 Concerning the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6690019\charrsid6690019 hundreds, it is noteworthy that 
}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12803455\charrsid6690019 the taxable capacity and the value of the land are in inverse proportion to th}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6690019\charrsid6690019 e actual size of the hundreds.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12803455\charrsid6690019 
 Thus Seisdon (about 173 hides) and Cuttlestone (about 117 hides) are the smallest hundreds in terms of area, while Totmonslow (about 18 hides) and Pirehill (about 86 hides)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6690019\charrsid6690019 
 are the largest, yet they contain much unproductive land.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12803455\charrsid6690019  
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3089745 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid5771126 \tab A number of estates in Staffordshire, especia}{\insrsid14363775 
lly in Pirehill and Totmonslow H}{\insrsid5771126 undreds}{\insrsid14363775 ,}{\insrsid5771126  are assessed in carucates, or, occasionally, as 'land for }{\i\insrsid14363775 n}{\insrsid5771126  ploughs' which presumably amounts to the same}{
\insrsid9713517 ; see Round, 'Danegeld', pp. 106-107}{\insrsid5771126 
. There is no reason to think that these are remnants of a Danish assessment, or that these carucates are the same as those found in the Danelaw shires in 1066 and 1086. Nor are they exactly the same as the car
ucates found occasionally in more southerly or westerly shires, where they seem to indicate the size (and probably the potential taxability) of lands that have not been hidated and did not then pay tax. The Staffordshire carucates are usually applied to w
aste estate}{\insrsid12803455 s and appear to be }{\insrsid5771126 a measure of land whose hidation has been lost or forgotten. In cases wher}{\insrsid12803455 e the land measured in carucates}{\insrsid5771126  is oc}{\insrsid14363775 
cupied, it is possible that it wa}{\insrsid5771126 s former}{\insrsid12803455 ly waste but }{\insrsid5771126 now under the plough; see 1,5 carucate note. Carucation can a
lso be applied to new land, formed, for example, by draining or assarting, but there are no certain examples of this in Staffordshire.
\par \tab After1086, the county continued to be assessed in a mixture of hides and carucates, as recorded }{\i\insrsid5771126\charrsid5509291 passim}{\insrsid5771126  in the }{\i\insrsid5771126\charrsid5509291 Book of Fees}{\insrsid5771126  and the }{
\i\insrsid5771126\charrsid5509291 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\insrsid5771126 . }{\insrsid5771126\charrsid8003248 
\par }{\b\insrsid5771126 
\par }{\b\insrsid5987794 
\par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12803455 \f2\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs24\highlight16\insrsid5771126 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3089745 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126\charrsid3961055 COUNTY BOUNDARY}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126 
\par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3089745 \f2\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid14493188 The 1086 boundary
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx0\tx284\tx1418\tx8280\tx8640\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3089745 \cbpat8 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid5771126\charrsid14310831 
The creation of a shire dependent on Stafford will have been a product of the shiring of Mercia and }{\insrsid14363775 have }{\insrsid5771126\charrsid14310831 involved the delineation of the adjacent shires of Warwickshire, Shropshire and Worc}{
\insrsid6690019 estershire. Depending on the da}{\insrsid5771126\charrsid14310831 te of its creation, it will also have had to take account of the existence of a unit centred on Derby, which was one of th}{\insrsid14363775 e confederation of the Five B}{
\insrsid5771126\charrsid14310831 oroughs;}{\insrsid5771126  see DBY \{Introduction: History}{\insrsid6690019 \}}{\insrsid5771126 . What became Derbyshire had earlier probably been }{\insrsid5771126\charrsid14493188 the limits of the authorit}{
\insrsid6690019 y of an individual Danish army.}{\insrsid5771126\charrsid14493188  The}{\insrsid6690019  boundaries of Staffordshire}{\insrsid5771126\charrsid14310831  are a mixture of natural and tenurial limits, although }{\insrsid6690019 at the tim
e of the shire's}{\insrsid6690019\charrsid14310831  inception}{\insrsid6690019 , }{\insrsid5771126\charrsid14310831 some natural boundaries were no doubt also those of estates.}{\insrsid6690019  }{\insrsid5771126\charrsid14310831 
The border with Derbyshire is primarily formed by the }{\insrsid14363775 R}{\insrsid5771126\charrsid10747939 ivers Dove, Trent and Mease, and t}{\insrsid14363775 hat with Worcestershire by the R}{\insrsid5771126\charrsid10747939 
ivers Stour and Severn. In the extreme north, the boundary with Cheshire followed the hill spine that connects Congleton Edge to the Old Man of Mow (SJ8860 to SJ8557).The southern part of the boundary between Staffordshire an}{\insrsid12674833 
d Shropshire was formed by the R}{\insrsid5771126\charrsid10747939 iver Severn, although }{\cf1\insrsid5771126\charrsid10747939 a small strip of Eardington manor (4,1,32), held by Earl Roger, including Quatford lay on its eastern bank and }{
\insrsid5771126\charrsid10747939 intruded into Staffordshire}{\cf1\insrsid5771126 .
\par \tab }{\insrsid5771126\charrsid10747939 On the other hand the rest of the boundaries with Cheshire}{\insrsid6690019  and}{\insrsid5771126\charrsid10747939  with Shropshire and the whole length of the boundary with Warwickshire seem
 artificial. Staffordshire and}{\insrsid5771126  Warwickshire were both carved out of the heartland of Mercia, at first in order to support the upkeep of the two }{\i\insrsid5771126\charrsid12674833 burhs}{\insrsid5771126  established there in }{
\insrsid16475000 913}{\insrsid5771126  as part of the moves to expel the Danes. The boundary between them cut right through Tamworth, where the Mercian kings had had their palace.}{\cf1\insrsid5771126\charrsid359012 
\par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3089745 \f2\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  \tab In }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6690019 some}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9064680  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 other}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid14310831  cases, the boundaries both of the hundreds and of the county seem to have been laid through existing land-units.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid14310831 The county boundary }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 left }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid14310831 Old Swinford in Worcestershire, but Kingswinford in Staffordshire.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid14310831 This last separation may have been quite recent and to some extent still evolving in 1086, for the Worcestershire manors of Tardebigge and Clent were by then fiscally in Staffordshire since
 their revenues were paid to Kingswin}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 ford}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12674833  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12674833\charrsid16475000 (WOR 1,5-6)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 . 
\par \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid8601249 The county boundary }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 also }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid8601249 seems to have cut across existing tenurial relationships.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9064680 
Wyaston }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid8601249 and Edlaston}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9064680  (both DBY 6,59)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid8601249  lay in Derbyshire, but paid their revenues to the Stafford}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 shire royal manor of 
Rocester}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9064680  (1,17)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid8601249 Similarly, Chilcote}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9064680  (DBY 1,25)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid8601249 
, then in Derbyshire, but now in Leicestershire, depended on the Staffordshire royal vill of Clifton Campville}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9064680  (1}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9064680 29)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
 but was also said to be a berewick of the important Derbyshire manor of Repton}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9064680  (DBY 1,20)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid8601249 
Such relationships are difficult to date, but it is quite probable that they existed before the shire boundaries were laid down. 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14172867\charrsid14310831 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid14493188 Later Changes}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
\par Staffordshire-Derbyshire 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid2635653 The few changes }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 here took place in the nineteenth century and involved the elimination of cases where}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9064680  an Ancient P}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 arish h}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9064680 ad been split between counties. This applies to }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 Catton}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9064680  (DBY 6,17)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 , Croxall}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9064680  (DBY 6,14) and}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  Edingale}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9064680  (DBY 6,15. 17,12). There were further alterations }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 as a result of the growth of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8141214 Burton-upon-Trent}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9064680  to swallow}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
 land that had historically lain over }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9064680 the River Trent in Derbyshire, that is }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 Stapenhill }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9064680 (DBY 3,5. 14,2) and W}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 inshill}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9064680  (DBY 3,3
}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9064680 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid10747939 Staffordshire-Warwickshire}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid14029816 The division of the borough}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  of Tamworth between Staffordshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9064680  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 and Warwickshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16475000 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15730541  
}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 which put the castle in one county and the church }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15730541 in the other}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16475000 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15730541  was only rationaliz}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
ed in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries; see 1,9 Tamworth note. Elsewhere on this border, the growth of Birmingham drew Handsworth}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9064680  (12,29)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 , Harborne}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9064680  (2,22)}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 , Perry Barr}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9064680  (12,27)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  and Smethwick }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9064680 (2,22) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 into it and so, in a sense into Warwickshire.}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid14029816 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
\par Staffordshire-Worcestershire}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid10747939 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
Already in 1086 Clent (including Broom and Rowley Regis) and Tardebigge in Worcestershire were attached fiscally to Kingswinford in Staffordshire. They were transferred entirely to Staffordshire soon afterwards and only returned to Worcestershire in the n
ineteenth century. A later change involved the transfer of Upper Arley from Staffordshire to Worcestershire.
\par \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid12656077 In their attempt to reconstruct the hidation of Staffordshire, Bridgeman and Mander, \lquote Staffordshire Hidation\rquote }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15730541 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid12656077 pp.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  168-69, 172}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15730541 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  suggest}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2709103 ed}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  that the south of the county }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid12656077 consisted of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 a unit of 30 hides, subdivided into one unit o}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid12656077 f 10 hides an}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 d four of}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid12656077  5 hides. This arrangement is very neat, but it depends on assuming that one of the five-hide units consisted of Amblecote (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 12,14), Old Swinford and Crad}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid12656077 ley. These }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 last }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid12656077 two places were in Worcestershire in 1086 (WOR}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  23,11;13}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid12656077 
) and the implication of this suggestion, which neatly accounts for the excess }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11942037 four}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid12656077  hides in}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  Clent }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid12656077 
Hundred, Worcestershire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2709103 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid12656077  in 1086, is that these two places were orig}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 i}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid12656077 nally in Staffordshire.}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  However, the same process appears to confirm that Dudley (WOR 23,10), though a detached part of Worcestershire surrounded by Staffordshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2709103 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
 did not form part of the Staffordshire hidation. Dudley}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2709103  is, however, a single hide}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 , and it would be unwise to bas}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid16475000 e an important conclusion on }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11942037\charrsid16475000 so small a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid16475000  figure}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16475000\charrsid16475000 , especially as its one hide }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2709103\charrsid16475000 
could have formed a 5-hide unit with Old Swinford and Cradley, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16475000\charrsid16475000 instead of Amblecote's 1 hide.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11942037  Moreover, there may have been other adjustments, since, although C
lent Hundred in Worcestershire contained 104 hides, the total of hides for that county was a neat 1200; see WOR \{Introduction: Hidation\}.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid12656077 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid5464266 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx0\tx284\tx1418\tx8280\tx8640\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3089745 \cbpat8 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\cf1\insrsid5771126\charrsid10747939 
Staffordshire-Shropshire}{\insrsid5771126\charrsid10747939 
\par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3089745 \f2\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5771126\charrsid10747939 
On the eastern edge of the county most of the changes were early, the result of powerful tenants-in-chief regrouping their manors for their own purposes. Thus Tyrley (SHR 4,14,5) was withdrawn to the Hundred of Pirehill i}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid2709103 
n Staffordshire by William Pando}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5771126\charrsid10747939 lf, probably under King Henry I, to join his manor of Almington. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid10747939 Almington was in Staffordshire in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11942037 
1086 (STS 8,22) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid10747939 
whereas Tyrley (represented now by Tyrley Castle, SJ6733) was in Shropshire. The modern Civil Parish of Tyrley incorporates both Tyrley and Almington so it is difficult to determine the 1086 county boundary
 at this point; it seems probable that it was provided by the Coal Brook.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx0\tx284\tx1418\tx8280\tx8640\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3089745 \cbpat8 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid5771126\charrsid10747939 \tab 
As a result of a change }{\cf1\insrsid5771126\charrsid10747939 in a contrary direc}{\cf1\insrsid11942037 tion, the manor of Cheswardine, with Chipnall (11,13)}{\cf1\insrsid5771126\charrsid10747939 , acquired by King Henry}{\cf1\insrsid11942037 
 I from Robert of Stafford, went}{\cf1\insrsid5771126\charrsid10747939  into Shropshire from Pirehill Hundred, Staffordshire, probably in the reign of King Henry II.}{\insrsid5771126\charrsid10747939 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\tx1418\tx8640\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3089745 \cbpat8 {\cf1\insrsid5771126\charrsid10747939 \tab 
The major agents of change on this side of the county, however, were Earl Roger and his sons, who between 1086 and the forfeiture of the earldom in 1102 }{\cf1\insrsid938309\charrsid6190663 drew}{\cf1\insrsid14951307  several estates }{
\cf1\insrsid5771126\charrsid10747939 into Shropshire, perhaps attempting to consolidate for themselves a semi-kingdom dependent on the Shropshire manors of Morville and Eardington (}{\cf1\insrsid11942037 SHR }{\cf1\insrsid5771126\charrsid10747939 
4,1,5;32) with the boroughs and castles of Quatford and Bridgnorth. These }{\cf1\insrsid14951307 estates }{\cf1\insrsid5771126\charrsid10747939 were Claverley, Kingsnordley, Alveley}{\cf1\insrsid11942037 , and}{\cf1\insrsid6190663  }{
\insrsid11942037\charrsid6190663 Sheriffhales}{\cf1\insrsid11942037  (}{\cf1\insrsid5771126\charrsid10747939 8,1-3;5)}{\cf1\insrsid14951307  and possibly the unidentified "Cobintone" (8,4)}{\cf1\insrsid5771126\charrsid10747939  he}{\cf1\insrsid11942037 
ld by Earl Roger; Worfield (}{\cf1\insrsid5771126\charrsid10747939 9,1) held by his son Hugh of Montgomery}{\cf1\insrsid14951307 ,}{\cf1\insrsid5771126\charrsid10747939 
 and to these were added Quatt, Romsley, Rudge and Shipley, also held by Earl Roger and also in Staffordshire in 1086, though listed erroneously in the Warwickshire folios (WAR }{\cf1\insrsid11279685\charrsid14951307 12,8-11}{
\cf1\insrsid14951307\charrsid14951307 )}{\cf1\insrsid5771126\charrsid10747939 . In }{\cf1\insrsid5771126\charrsid13841468 the case of Sheriffhales, only }{\insrsid5771126\charrsid13841468 part of the Ancient Parish}{\cf1\insrsid5771126\charrsid13841468 
 was transferred. The rest (including Brockton Grange, held in Staffordshire in 1086 by the Shropshire sh}{\cf1\insrsid11942037\charrsid13841468 eriff, Reginald of Ba}{\cf1\insrsid11279685\charrsid13841468 illeu}{\cf1\insrsid11942037\charrsid13841468 l:}{
\cf1\insrsid5771126\charrsid13841468 14,1) was only transferred to Shropshire in 1895, but a 1965 boundary change has returned Brockton Grange itself to Staffordshire}{\cf1\insrsid10554130\charrsid13841468 , putting it in Blymhill }{\cf1\insrsid13911312 
Civil (formerly Ancient) Parish }{\cf1\insrsid10554130\charrsid13841468  there}{\cf1\insrsid13841468 .}{\cf1\insrsid5771126\charrsid10747939 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx0\tx284\tx1418\tx8280\tx8640\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3089745 \cbpat8 {\cf1\insrsid5771126\charrsid3365561 \tab Also on this edge of the county, it should be noted that Bobbington was in 10
}{\cf1\insrsid11942037 86 a part of Staffordshire (}{\cf1\insrsid5771126\charrsid3365561 11,43) in Seisdon Hundred, held by Helgot under Robert of Stafford. A member, Whittimere, was l}{\cf1\insrsid11942037 ater attached to Claverley (}{
\cf1\insrsid5771126\charrsid3365561 8,1) which Earl Roger had put into Shropshire, and so}{\cf1\insrsid5987794  }{\cf1\insrsid5987794\charrsid5987794 Whittimere}{\cf1\insrsid5987794  itself}{\cf1\insrsid5771126\charrsid3365561 
 came into Shropshire. Since 1895 however, Whittimere has been returned to Staffordshire.
\par \tab Rudge, though placed in Shropshire by 1102 was, in the Middle Ages, counted as a part of Pattingham Ancient Parish which remained in Staffordshire.
\par \tab In 1086, Woore (}{\cf1\insrsid11942037 SHR }{\cf1\insrsid5771126\charrsid3365561 4,15,2) was in Shropshire}{\cf1\insrsid5987794  and remained there}{\cf1\insrsid5771126\charrsid3365561 , but}{\cf1\insrsid11942037 , }{
\cf1\insrsid11942037\charrsid3365561 at an unknown date}{\cf1\insrsid11942037 ,}{\cf1\insrsid5771126\charrsid3365561  it became part of Mucklestone Ancient Parish, the bulk of which was in Staffordshire.}{\cf1\insrsid5771126\charrsid6258220 
\par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3089745 \f2\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3089745 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126 Staffordshire-Cheshire
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126\charrsid3365561 Minor alterations made to the county boundary after 1086 did not involve the transfer of any Domesday e}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126 st}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126\charrsid3365561 ate between the counties}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126\charrsid3365561 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126  
\par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3089745 \f2\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid3365561 
Summary of Later Changes to the County Boundary
\par }\trowd \irow0\irowband0\ts15\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr
\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2808\clshdrawnil \cellx2700\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2880\clshdrawnil \cellx5580\clvertalt\clbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2880\clshdrawnil \cellx8460\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid3089745\yts15 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 PLACE\cell 1086\cell LATER\cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\ts15\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh
\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 \trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2808\clshdrawnil \cellx2700\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2880\clshdrawnil \cellx5580\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2880\clshdrawnil \cellx8460\row }\pard\plain 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid3089745\yts15 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 Staffordshire/ Derbyshire Border
\par }{\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 
\par CATTON (DBY 6,17)
\par }{\b\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 
\par 
\par }{\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 CROXALL (DBY 6,14)
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par EDINGALE (DBY 6,15. 17,12)
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par STAPENHILL (DBY 3,5. 14,2)
\par 
\par 
\par WINSHILL (DBY 3,3)
\par }{\b\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 
\par }{\b\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 \cell }{\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 
\par 
\par 
\par Entirely in Derbyshire
\par 
\par 
\par Divided between Staffordshire and Derbyshire, but the Staffordshire part is not named in Domesday
\par 
\par Divided in 1086, but}{\fs20\insrsid5771126  the }{\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 Staffordshire part }{\fs20\insrsid5771126 is }{\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 not named in Domesday
\par 
\par 
\par Entirely in Derbyshire
\par 
\par 
\par Entirely in Derbyshire
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par \cell 
\par 
\par 
\par Transferred to Staffordshire in 1895
\par 
\par The Derbyshire portion was transferred to Staffordshire in 1895
\par 
\par 
\par Transferred entirely to Staffordshire in 1934
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\fs20\insrsid5771126 Transferred into }{\fs20\insrsid8141214 Burton-upon-Trent}{\fs20\insrsid5771126 , Staffordshire}{\fs20\insrsid12331332 ,}{\fs20\insrsid5771126  in 1878}{\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 
\par 
\par }{\fs20\insrsid5771126 Transferred into }{\fs20\insrsid8141214 Burton-upon-Trent}{\fs20\insrsid5771126 , Staffordshire}{\fs20\insrsid12331332 ,}{\fs20\insrsid5771126  in 1878}{\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 \cell }\pard\plain 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 \trowd \irow1\irowband1\ts15\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr
\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2808\clshdrawnil \cellx2700\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2880\clshdrawnil \cellx5580\clvertalt\clbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2880\clshdrawnil \cellx8460\row }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl
\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid3089745\yts15 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 Staffordshire/ Shropshire Border
\par 
\par }{\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 ALVELEY}{\fs20\insrsid5771126  (STS 8,3)}{\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 
\par 
\par }{\fs20\insrsid5771126 
\par }{\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 BOBBINGTON}{\fs20\insrsid5771126  (STS 11,43)}{\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 
\par 
\par }{\fs20\insrsid5771126 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 BROCKTON GRANGE}{\fs20\insrsid5771126  (STS 14,1)}{\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 
\par  
\par }{\fs20\insrsid5771126 
\par }{\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 CHESWARDINE}{\fs20\insrsid5771126  (STS 11,13)}{\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 
\par 
\par }{\fs20\insrsid5771126 
\par }{\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 CHIPNALL}{\fs20\insrsid5771126  (STS 11,13)}{\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 
\par 
\par }{\fs20\insrsid5771126 
\par }{\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 CLAVERLEY}{\fs20\insrsid5771126  (STS 8,1)}{\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 
\par 
\par }{\fs20\insrsid5771126 
\par }{\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 KINGSNORDLEY}{\fs20\insrsid5771126  (STS 8,2)}{\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 
\par 
\par }{\fs20\insrsid5771126 
\par }{\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 QUATT}{\fs20\insrsid5771126 +}{\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876  (WAR 12,8)
\par 
\par }{\fs20\insrsid5771126 
\par }{\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 ROMSLEY}{\fs20\insrsid5771126 +}{\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876  (WAR 12,9)
\par 
\par }{\fs20\insrsid5771126 
\par }{\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 RUDGE}{\fs20\insrsid5771126 + (WAR 12,10)}{\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 
\par 
\par }{\fs20\insrsid5771126 
\par }{\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 SHERIFFHALES}{\fs20\insrsid5771126  (STS B4. 8,5)}{\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 
\par 
\par }{\fs20\insrsid5771126 
\par }{\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 SHIPLEY}{\fs20\insrsid5771126 + (WAR 12,11)}{\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 
\par 
\par }{\fs20\insrsid5771126 
\par }{\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 TYRLEY}{\fs20\insrsid5771126  (SHR 4,14,5)}{\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 
\par 
\par }{\fs20\insrsid5771126 
\par }{\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 WORFIELD}{\fs20\insrsid5771126  (STS B5. 9,1)}{\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 
\par \cell 
\par 
\par }{\fs20\insrsid5771126 
\par Entirely in Staffordshire
\par 
\par 
\par Probably divided between Shropshire and Staffordshire in 1086, but the Shropshire portion was not named in Domesday
\par 
\par Entirely in Staffordshire
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par Entirely in Staffordshire
\par 
\par 
\par Entirely in Staffordshire
\par 
\par 
\par Entirely in Staffordshire
\par 
\par 
\par Entirely in Staffordshire
\par 
\par 
\par Entirely in Staffordshire
\par 
\par 
\par Entirely in Staffordshire
\par 
\par 
\par Entirely in Staffordshire
\par 
\par 
\par Entirely in Staffordshire
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par Entirely in Staffordshire
\par 
\par 
\par Entirely in Staffordshire
\par 
\par 
\par Entirely in Staffordshire
\par 
\par }{\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 \cell 
\par 
\par }{\fs20\insrsid5771126 
\par Transferred to Shropshire before 1102
\par 
\par The Shropshire portion was transferred to Staffordshire in 1895
\par 
\par 
\par Transferred to Shropshire in 1895; transferred back to Staffordshire in 1965
\par 
\par Transferred to Shropshire before 1166
\par 
\par Transferred to Shropshire before 1166
\par 
\par Transferred to Shropshire before 1102
\par 
\par Transferred to Shropshire before 1102
\par 
\par Transferred to Shropshire before 1102
\par 
\par Transferred to Shropshire before 1102
\par 
\par Transferred to Shropshire before 1102
\par 
\par Part was transferred to Shropshire in the twelfth century, part in 1895
\par 
\par Transferred to Shropshire before 1102
\par 
\par Transferred to Shropshire early in the twelfth century
\par 
\par Transferred to Shropshire before 1102
\par }{\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 \cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 \trowd \irow2\irowband2
\ts15\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr
\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2808\clshdrawnil \cellx2700\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2880\clshdrawnil \cellx5580\clvertalt\clbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2880\clshdrawnil \cellx8460\row }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl
\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid3089745\yts15 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 Staffordshire/ Warwickshire Border
\par 
\par }{\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 HANDSWORTH}{\fs20\insrsid5771126  (STS 12,29)}{\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 
\par 
\par }{\fs20\insrsid5771126 
\par 
\par }{\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 HARBORNE}{\fs20\insrsid5771126  (STS 2,22)}{\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 
\par 
\par }{\fs20\insrsid5771126 
\par 
\par }{\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 PERRY BARR}{\fs20\insrsid5771126  (STS 12,27)}{\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 
\par }{\b\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 
\par }{\fs20\insrsid5771126 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid12722616 SMETHWICK (STS 2,22)}{\fs20\insrsid5771126 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par TAMWORTH (STS 1,9;30. WAR 1,5)}{\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid12722616 
\par }{\b\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 \cell }{\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\fs20\insrsid5771126 Entirely in Staffordshire
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par Entirely in Staffordshire
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par Entirely in Staffordshire
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par Entirely in Staffordshire
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par Divided between}{\fs20\insrsid10886570  Staffordshire and Warwickshire}{\fs20\insrsid5771126 
\par }{\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 \cell }{\fs20\insrsid5771126 
\par 
\par 
\par Absorbed by the borough of Birmingham (Warwickshire) in 1911
\par 
\par Absorbed by the borough of Birmingham (Warwickshire) in 1912
\par 
\par }{\fs20\insrsid10886570 Divided i}{\fs20\insrsid5771126 n 1928 between the borough of West Bromwich (Staffordshire), Sutton Coldfield (Warwickshire) and Birmingham (Warwickshire)
\par 
\par Absorbed by the borough of Birmingham (Warwickshire) in 1912
\par 
\par Placed entirely in Staffordshire by a series of boundary changes (1866, 1894, 1932, 1965)
\par }{\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 \cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 \trowd \irow3\irowband3
\ts15\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr
\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2808\clshdrawnil \cellx2700\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2880\clshdrawnil \cellx5580\clvertalt\clbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2880\clshdrawnil \cellx8460\row }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl
\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid3089745\yts15 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs20\insrsid5771126 Staffordshire/ Worcestershire Border
\par 
\par }{\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 UPPER ARLEY}{\fs20\insrsid5771126  (STS 7,2)}{\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 
\par 
\par Another ARLEY}{\fs20\insrsid5771126  (STS 7,2)
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par BROOM (part of Clent}{\fs20\insrsid10886570 :}{\fs20\insrsid5771126  WOR 1,4;6)
\par 
\par 
\par }{\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 CLENT }{\fs20\insrsid5771126 (WOR 1,4;6)
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par DUDLEY (WOR 23,10) 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par ROWLEY REGIS (part of Clent}{\fs20\insrsid10886570 :}{\fs20\insrsid5771126  WOR 1,4;6) 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 TARDEBIGGE}{\fs20\insrsid5771126  (WOR 1,4-5)}{\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 
\par 
\par }{\b\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 \cell }{\fs20\insrsid5771126 
\par 
\par 
\par Entirely in Staffordshire
\par 
\par Entirely in Staffordshire
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par Surveyed as an unnamed part of Clent in Worcestershire, but, like it, fiscally in Staffordshire
\par 
\par Surveyed in Worcestershire, but fiscally in Staffordshire
\par 
\par 
\par Entirely in Worcestershire, though forming a detached island within Staffordshire
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par Surveyed as an unnamed part of Clent in Worcestershire, but, like it, fiscally in Staffordshire
\par 
\par Surveyed in Worcestershire, but fiscally in Staffordshire}{\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 \cell }{\fs20\insrsid5771126 
\par 
\par 
\par Transferred to Worcestershire in 1895
\par If it was part of Upper Arley, it was presumably transferred with the latter to Worcestershire in 1895
\par 
\par }{\fs20\cf1\insrsid5771126 In Staffordshire after 1086, but }{\fs20\cf1\insrsid5771126\charrsid5448086 returned to Wo}{\fs20\cf1\insrsid5771126 rcestershire }{\fs20\cf1\insrsid10886570 in 1844}{\fs20\cf1\insrsid5771126\charrsid5448086  }{
\fs20\cf1\insrsid5771126 
\par 
\par In Staffordshire after 1086, but }{\fs20\cf1\insrsid5771126\charrsid5448086 returned to Wo}{\fs20\cf1\insrsid5771126 rcestershire }{\fs20\cf1\insrsid5771126\charrsid5448086 in 1844}{\fs20\cf1\insrsid5771126 
\par 
\par Created a County Borough in 1889 associated with Worcestershire until 1966 and with Staffordshire from }{\fs20\cf1\insrsid5987794 1966}{\fs20\cf1\insrsid10886570 
\par }{\fs20\cf1\insrsid5987794 
\par 
\par }{\fs20\cf1\insrsid5771126 In Staffordshire after 1086, but }{\fs20\cf1\insrsid5771126\charrsid5448086 returned to Wo}{\fs20\cf1\insrsid5771126 rcestershire }{\fs20\cf1\insrsid10886570 in 1844}{\fs20\cf1\insrsid5771126\charrsid5448086  }{
\fs20\cf1\insrsid5771126 
\par 
\par I}{\fs20\cf1\insrsid5771126\charrsid5448086 n Staffordshire until 1266, then in Warwickshire until 1844 when it returned to Worcestershire}{\fs20\cf1\insrsid5771126 
\par }{\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid5448086 \cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 
\trowd \irow4\irowband4\lastrow \ts15\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr
\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2808\clshdrawnil \cellx2700\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2880\clshdrawnil \cellx5580\clvertalt\clbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2880\clshdrawnil \cellx8460\row }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3089745 {
\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 The dates of boundary changes are derived from Youngs, }{\i\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 Local Administrative Units}{\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 , ii. }{\i\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid987876 passim}{
\fs20\insrsid10886570 .}{\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid10886570 
\par }{\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126\charrsid6258220 + }{\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8786514  }{\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126\charrsid6258220 These four manors were}{
\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126  wrongly included by Do}{\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126\charrsid5987794 mesday in }{\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10886570\charrsid5987794 the }{
\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126\charrsid5987794 Warwickshire}{\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10886570\charrsid5987794  folios}{\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126\charrsid5987794 ; see}{
\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5987794\charrsid5987794  \{Introduction: Places Entere}{\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13841468 d in the Wrong Domesday County}{\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126\charrsid5987794 \}
}{\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126 .
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5987794 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10886570 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126\charrsid6698282 ADMINISTRATION OF THE SHIRE}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126 
\par In the tenth and early eleventh centuries, Staffordshire will have been subject to the ealdormen, later earls of Mercia}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413631 . The ea}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126 
ldormen were the successors of Aethelred}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1376261 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1376261 the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126 
husband of Aethelflaed}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1376261 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126  who had been among the most important in r}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413631 e}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126 sisting and then pacifying or}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1376261  expelling the Danes. On these e}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126 aldormen, see Williams, }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126\charrsid5530228 '}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126\charrsid5530228 Princeps Merciorum Gentis}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126 '. The last three earls were Le}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1376261 ofric, married to Godgifu (the L}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126 ady Godiva), their son Earl Algar, and his son, Earl Edwin. Earl Algar died at some}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413631  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126 time between 1062 and 1066 and Earl Edwin only }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413631 held the e}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126 a
}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413631 r}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126 ldom briefly, before forfeiting it for rebellion. Domesday gives both Algar and Edwin as the }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126\charrsid15499250 T.R.E.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126  holders of th
e earldom. An earldom of Stafford was not created until 1351 when Ralph de Stafford was installed. Nonetheless, in 1086 Robert of Tosny, also known as Robert of Stafford}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1376261 ,}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126  was playing a sufficiently important part in Stafford itself to receive part of the revenue of the borough, as it were in succession to the earl; see B12 }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126\charrsid5987794 part}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5987794\charrsid5987794 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126  note}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5987794 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10554130 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126 \tab As in other counties, identification of the early sheriffs is problematic. Hem}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1858820 m}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126 ing}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8786514  in his Cartulary (Hearne, }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8786514\charrsid8786514 Hemingi}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126\charrsid5319642 Chartularium}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8786514 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126 
 i. pp. 277, 278) refers to an Aevic who was either the sheriff of Worcestershire or Staffordshire }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9639186 in the reign of Cnut. A Thorkil}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126 
 is evidenced in the period 1066-1068 (}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126\charrsid2494180 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126 , }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1858820 p. 883}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413631  no. 292}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126 ) and an }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126\charrsid1858820 R.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126 
 between 1074 and 1085 (}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126\charrsid2494180 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126 , }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413631 p. 796 no. 265}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126 ). This }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126\charrsid1858820 R.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126  might be Rober}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413631 
t of Stafford. According to }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126 an entry for Thorpe Constantine}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1858820  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413631 (16,1)}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126 , 'Nicholas claims this land for the king's revenue}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413631  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126 in Clifton}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1858820  [Campville]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126 '. An obvious inference from this is that Nicholas is the sheriff, rather than, say, the king's reeve of Clifton Campville. If he w}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413631 ere the latter, it is probable that Domesd}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126 ay wo}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413631 u}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126 
ld have said so. In the context, plain Nicholas is likely to be someone well-known, although no Nicholas held in 1086. He is probably the }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126\charrsid1858820 N.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126  addressed in a royal writ between 1088 and 1100 (}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126\charrsid2494180 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126 , }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126\charrsid3434524 i. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7214112\charrsid3434524 p. 112 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126\charrsid3434524 no. 456}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126 ). Robert of Stafford had a son ca}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413631 lled Nicholas and it may be}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126  that he succeeded his father in the office }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1858820 of s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413631 heriff. I}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126 t is however possible that Nicholas is Nicholas de Beauchamp; see Green, }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126\charrsid2494180 English Sheriffs}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid798271 , p. 7}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1858820 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3089745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1858820 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2757383 
\par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3089745 \f2\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 HUNDRED}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid5845073 S

\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 The Names of the Hundreds}{\b\f0\insrsid5771126\charrsid9639186 
\par }\trowd \irow0\irowband0\ts15\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2808\clshdrawnil \cellx2700\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6048\clshdrawnil \cellx8748\pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid3089745\yts15 \f2\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\f0\insrsid5771126\charrsid9639186 Name used in this edition\cell Form(s) found in Domesday Book\cell }\pard\plain 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid9639186 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\ts15\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2808\clshdrawnil \cellx2700\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6048\clshdrawnil \cellx8748\row }\pard\plain 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid3089745\yts15 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid9639186 Cuttlestone
\par 
\par Offlow
\par Pirehill
\par Seisdon
\par Totmonslow}{\b\fs20\insrsid5771126\charrsid9639186 \cell }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid3089745\yts15 \f2\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {
\i\f0\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid13791220\charrsid9639186 Codvv}{\i\f0\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid5771126\charrsid9639186 estan+}{\f0\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid5771126\charrsid9639186 ,}{
\i\f0\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid5771126\charrsid9639186  Coluestan++}{\f0\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid5771126\charrsid9639186 ,}{\i\f0\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid5771126\charrsid9639186  Cudoluestan}{
\f0\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid5771126\charrsid9639186 ,}{\i\f0\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid5771126\charrsid9639186 
\par Cuduluestan++}{\f0\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid5771126\charrsid9639186 ,}{\i\f0\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid5771126\charrsid9639186  Culuestan
\par Offelau
\par Pereholle}{\f0\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid5771126\charrsid9639186 ,}{\i\f0\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid5771126\charrsid9639186  Pereoll}{\f0\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid5771126\charrsid9639186 ,}{
\i\f0\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid5771126\charrsid9639186  Pereolle}{\f0\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid5771126\charrsid9639186 ,}{\i\f0\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid5771126\charrsid9639186  Pireholle
\par Saisdon}{\f0\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid5771126\charrsid9639186 ,}{\i\f0\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid5771126\charrsid9639186  Saisdone}{\f0\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid5771126\charrsid9639186 ,}{
\i\f0\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid5771126\charrsid9639186  Seisedon
\par Tamenaslau}{\f0\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid5771126\charrsid9639186 ,}{\i\f0\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid5771126\charrsid9639186  Tatemaneslau}{\f0\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid5771126\charrsid9639186 ,}{
\i\f0\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid5771126\charrsid9639186  Tateslau\cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\i\fs20\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid5771126\charrsid9639186 \trowd \irow1\irowband1\lastrow \ts15\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv
\brdrs\brdrw10 \trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr
\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2808\clshdrawnil \cellx2700\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6048\clshdrawnil \cellx8748\row }\pard\plain 
\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3089745 \f2\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\f0\insrsid5771126\charrsid9639186 +}{\f0\insrsid9639186  }{\f0\insrsid5771126\charrsid9639186 
 This form is found in NTH 16,1
\par }{\f0\insrsid5771126\charrsid2757009 ++}{\f0\insrsid9639186   }{\f0\insrsid5771126\charrsid2757009 These forms are also found in WAR }{\f0\insrsid5771126\charrsid13791220 27,6}{\f0\insrsid5771126\charrsid2757009 . 28,19}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 .
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid2757383 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 Identifying and Reconstructing the Hundreds
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 Identification of the composition of the 1086 hundreds starts from the rubrication supplied by Domesday. Within each fief this was intended by the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13504565 main }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
scribe to indicate where a new hundredal group began. In most co}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16413631 u}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 nties the rubrication is manifestly deficient, though Domesday itself can supply many useful cross-references, in cases where 
parts of the same vill appear in different fiefs, one of them under a hundred heading. However, it is necessary to attempt to identify hundredal blocks in the text and to check each estate against other evidence to determine if any headings have been omit
ted or are mistaken.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13504565 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid5330215 There appear to have been five hundreds in Staffordshire in 1086: Cuttlestone, Offlow, Pirehill, Seisdon and Totmonslow. Apart from naming them Domesday }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13791220 
Staffordshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid5330215  says nothing significant about them.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid5330215 There are, for example, no ind
ications in the text that any of the hundreds formed groups or were appurtenances of a manor and nothing is said about the work of the hundred juries.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid5330215 
Moreover, of the two types of evidence that Domesday normally provides for the reconstruction of the hund
reds - hundredal rubrication and a regular order of hundreds within each fief - one is both deficient and prone to error and the other hard to discern.}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7745504 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid16413631 \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11086943 There are evident deficiencies in the hundredal rubrication.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11086943 
Some chapters entirely lack hundred heads; }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid2757383 for example, chapters 3-4, 6, 9, 16 many of which contain only one holding. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10036142\charrsid2757383 Moreover, }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2757383\charrsid2757383 s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11086943 ometimes there is no heading over the first estate in a chapter, for example in chapters 7-8, at the one point in a fief where a hundred head is essent}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12353515 ial.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10036142  }{\f0\fs24\highlight4\insrsid2757383  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10036142\charrsid2757383 
Although occasionally the main scribe omitted a head at this point when it was the same as at the end of the previous chapter, this is not so in these instances.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2757383  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12353515 Sometimes the same hundred-}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11086943 name is repeated without any other intervening. For example, a Pire
hill hundred head occurs first above Brocton and Bednall (2,4) and then above Eccleshall (2,10). Although the first head should be above Haywood (2,5; see 2,4 Pirehill note),}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11086943 
all the places between Haywood and Eccleshall are in that hu}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12353515 ndred. Similarly a Cuttlestone h}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11086943 undred}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11086943 
head is found both above Hatherton (7,13) and above}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12353515  Featherstone (7,16)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11086943 , although the places in between (Kinvaston and Hilton) also lay in that hundred.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{
\f0\fs24\highlight16\insrsid5771126 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid3881435 \tab Examination of those cases where a vill is divided, different parts appearing in different fiefs, and a comparison with later evidence from feudal and hundredal lis}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10036142 
ts of what Domesday Staffordshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid3881435  says or appears to say about the composition of the hundreds, suggests that there are many more errors, displacements and omissions.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid3881435 Thus}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10036142 , }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid3881435 different parts of Moreton appear at 2,18 and 16,3.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid3881435 
In the first case Moreton is found after Coley (2,17), over which a Pirehill hundred heading seems to need restoration.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid3881435 Mor
eton was probably in this same hundred, so a Pirehill hundred heading is also required for it in chapter 16.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid3881435 
The previous entry in this latter chapter is for Kingsley (16,2), which is not governed by any hundred head, there being none in the chapter.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid3881435 Howev
er, it probably lay in Totmonslow Hundred, since another part of the vill is found at 15,2 following an entry for Bradley (15,1), itself governed by a Totmonslow hundred head.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2757383 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1401371 \tab As to the errors, it seems certain that the first heading in the list of the king's waste manors (1,33) should be for Pirehill not Cuttlestone Hundred since other parts of sever}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12353515 
al vills included in the list }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1401371 occur in groups of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5270988 places in Pirehill Hundred}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1401371  elsewhere in the text}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12353515 , f}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12353515\charrsid1401371 or example, Milwich}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12353515  (1,41. 11,30)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12353515\charrsid1401371 , Hilderstone}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12353515  (1,44. 11,27)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12353515\charrsid1401371 , Cotwalton}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12353515  (1,45. 8,21)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12353515\charrsid1401371  and Aston}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15939513 -by Stone}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12353515  (1,47. 11,9;23}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12353515\charrsid1401371 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1401371 
. Moreover, the second heading (at 1,48) should be for Totmonslow not Pirehill Hundred as rubricated, as Cheadle}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12353515  (1,57)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1401371 , which is part of this sequence, appears in a group of}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid10690209  placers in Totmonslow Hundred}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1401371  at 11,42.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10690209  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1401371 
Further, the Pirehill hundred heading above Tutbury that begins the fief of Henry}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1401371 
Ferrers (10,1) should actually be Offlow Hundred, which in fact is found two entries on, above Rolleston-on-Dove}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  (10,3)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1401371 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15544990 \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10030177 Headings are sometimes misplaced: thus the Pirehill hundred heading }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7481104 found a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10030177 t 2,4 above Brocton and Bednall }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7481104 in fact belongs above the next entry, for Haywood (2,5), apparently because there was insufficient room to i}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10030177 nsert it in its proper place}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10690209 .}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid10030177  S}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7481104 imilarly, in chapter 11 (the land of Robert of Stafford) the Totmonslow hundred head really belongs above Weston Coyney (11,34), rather than}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2757383  appearing to govern
}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7481104  the next entry, for Gratwich (11,35). In chapter 17 (the land of the king's thanes) the Pirehill }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10030177 hundred }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7481104 heading rightly belon
gs above Bishton (17,6), not ab}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10690209 ove the next entry, Knighton (17}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7481104 ,7). It is possible, however, that both hundred heads have been pl
aced at the end of their respective entries, rather than at the end of the first line. Rather than being an error this may represent the scribe's alternative practice, as it occurs fr}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10030177 e}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7481104 
quently in Northamptonshire.
\par \tab In the case of the Offlow hundred head above Alrewas (1,11) in the land of the king, one should really be placed above }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid2757383 Wigginton}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7481104  (1,9}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6490124\charrsid6490124 ), two entries previously}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7481104 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7481104 
Here, however, rather than this being a displacement, the likelier explanation is that the scribe was amalgamating two independent schedules: one for manors formerly held by King Edward, another of those held by Earl Algar.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7481104 The first manor on Earl Algar's list, Alrewas (1,11), was correctly given a hundred head by its compiler, while the last two entries on King Edward's list, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid2757383 Wigginton}{
\f0\fs24\cf11\insrsid5771126\charrsid6490124  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7481104 and Willenhall (1,9-10), lacked one. Willenhall is found in a group of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6490124 places in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7481104 
Offlow Hundred places at 7,8.
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1648266 \tab In addition to the hundred heads restored in the Phillimore printed edition, it seems necessary to place a Pirehill hundred heading above either Abb
ots Bromley (4,5) or Darlaston (4,6); see 4,5 Pirehill note. As mentioned above, a Totmonslow hundred head is needed above Kingsley (16,2), and a Pirehill hundred head above Moreton, the next entry (16,3).}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1648266 These last two heads had already been supplied by }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1648266 VCH Staffordshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1648266 , iv. p. 57.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1648266 An Offlow hundred head above the second entry for Lichfield (2,22) can be perhaps be taken as read, since it is essentially a continuation of the first at 2,16: }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1648266 iam retro 
}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid10030177 descriptus est}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1648266  ('it has }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10030177 alread}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10030177\charrsid12338349 y been described before')}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid12338349 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2951454\charrsid12338349 Sibford Gower}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1864389\charrsid12338349  and Drayton (12}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3434524\charrsid12338349 ,30-31) lay in Oxfordshire and we}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1864389\charrsid12338349 re erroneously entered in Staffordshire. The main scribe of Great Domesday failed to provide a hundred head ('In Bloxham Hundred'), even though he did so in the case of some other misplaced en
tries, for example for L}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3434524\charrsid12338349 apley, a Staffordshire place that was}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1864389\charrsid12338349  said to be in the Staffordshire hundred of C}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1864389\charrsid13911312 
uttlestone, though entered in the folios for Northamptonshire (NTH 16,1).}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12338349\charrsid13911312  However, Lapley was not an added entry, whereas Sibford Gower and Drayton we
re added after rubrication of the county and virtually none of the unrubricated entries had hundred heads.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1864389 
\par \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1648266 On the other hand it is not certain that it is necessa}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10030177 r}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1648266 y to place hundred heads above boroughs}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 . }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid7214112\charrsid15561734 There are certainly cases in Domesday where boroughs contain hides which belong either to the city hundred (as in the case of Chester and Shrewsbury) or to some other hundred, or where, as in the case of Cambridge}
{\f0\fs24\insrsid15561734\charrsid15561734 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7214112\charrsid15561734  it 'answers for a hundred'. Since Stafford (STS B1-12) is not assessed in hides, and there is
 no mention of 'hundred', it seems probable that it did not belong to a hundred. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15561734 The Phillimore printed edition }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10030177\charrsid15561734 insert}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15561734 
s a Pirehill hundred heading above}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7214112\charrsid15561734  the entry for}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15561734  Stafford at 6,1. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1864389\charrsid15561734 
On the basis of the information in that entry, it looks as if Stafford must have been in a hundred}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15561734 
, for the 13 prebendary canons of Stafford have 3 hides from the king. Later evidence, however, suggests that these were neither in nor attached to the city, but lay }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15626446\charrsid15561734 at Whitgreave (SJ8928) and Butterton (SJ8242}
{\f0\fs24\insrsid2757383\charrsid15561734 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15561734  in Pirehill and T}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15626446\charrsid15561734 otmonslow Hundreds respectively}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15561734 ; see 6,1 hides note. }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1864389\charrsid15561734 On the other hand, the entry at 11,7 clearly refers to the borough.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1864389  
\par \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1864389\charrsid15561734 It is also not quite certain whether Tutbury (10,1) should be treated as a castle, standing outside the hundredal administration, as i
n some Herefordshire examples, or as lying in Offlow Hundred. Either way, the 'In Pirehill Hundred' entered above it by the main scribe of Great Domesday is erroneous; see 10,1 Offlow note}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1864389 
\par \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11696388 While Stafford itself probably did not belong to a hu}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15626446 ndred, it is likely that }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8141214 Burton-upon-Trent}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11696388 
, wrongly called Stafford at the head of th}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15626446 e lands of St Mary of Burton}{\f0\fs24\cf11\insrsid2757383  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15626446 (4,1}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2757383 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15561734 ,}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11696388  did, for the abbey is said to hold 1 \'bd}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11696388 hides in the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2757383  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2757383\charrsid2757383 village}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11696388 . }{\f0\fs24\highlight16\insrsid5771126\charrsid8600817 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid5439709 More significant than errors and displacements are the omissions: it seems probable 
that to the thirty-six hundred heads, correct or incorrect, that are present in the manuscript, should be added at least a further forty-three, thirteen of them in the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid5439709 Terra Regis}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid5439709 . Omissions on this scale make restoring the composition of the 1086 hundreds a less than certain business, even though}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10030177 , }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10030177\charrsid5439709 
in those cases that lie directly be}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11826638 neath a hundred head}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10030177 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid5439709  there is virtually no difference in the hundreds to which D}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11826638 
omesday Staffordshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid5439709 
 and later evidence assign places. However, of the 124 places that probably lay in Pirehill Hundred, only ten are found directly beneath a hundred head and only four out of the forty-five in both Totmonslow and Seisdon Hundreds. }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13724651\charrsid13724651 The figure for Pirehill H}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid13724651 undred}{\f0\fs24\cf11\insrsid5771126\charrsid11826638  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11826638 does not include the m}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid5439709 isplaced hundred head that really belongs above Haywood (2,5), nor the incorrect Pirehill hundred head above the waste manors in the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid5439709 Terra Regis}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid5439709  (1,33)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid5439709 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7745504 \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 T}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7745504 here are some particular problems.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7745504 
In the land of St Mary's of Burton, for example, it is evident that a Pirehill hundred heading should be restored above Darlaston (4,6), but the head may actually belong above the previous }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2828246 entry, for Abbo}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2828246\charrsid2835296 ts Bromley (4,5).}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10772519  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2828246\charrsid2835296 This place could have been in either Pirehill Hundred or Offlow Hundred f
or the boundary might have run either side of it. The most obvious boundary would have followed the River Blithe through what is now the Blithfield reservoir, placing Abbots Bromley in Offlow Hundred.  However, it was }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid2835296 certainly in Pirehill Hundred in later times, even though the hundred boundary describes a great loop to include it}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7745504 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2828246\charrsid2835296 
It was, moreover,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7745504  counted in Pirehill Hundred by Eyton, }{\i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5771126\charrsid7745504 Domesday Studies: Staffordshire}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5771126\charrsid7745504 , p}{
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10030177 p. 78-79}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid11826638 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7745504  and by Bridgeman and Mand}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10030177 er, 'Staffordshire Hidation'}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11826638 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10030177  p. 174}
{\f0\fs24\insrsid11826638 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7745504  and has been included in that hundred in this edition. Darlaston is too central to Pirehill Hundred to have been in Offlow Hundred in 1086.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7745504 Both it }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13971376 and Abbots Bromley are in Pirehill}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11826638  H}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7745504 undred in}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7745504 
 Lay Subsidy Roll (1334}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7745504 ), pp. 277-78.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7745504 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11668347 \tab In Chapter 7 (the land of the clergy of Wolverhampton) both }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11668347 VCH Staffordshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11668347 , iv. p. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13971376 45}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11826638 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11668347  and the Phillimo}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13971376 re printed edition}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11668347  include Wednesfield, Willenhall}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 , Pelsall, Hilton}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11668347  and "Hocintune" (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 7,7-11}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11668347 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11668347 
in Offlow Hundred, by restoring a heading above Wednesfield, and to accept the Cuttlestone head above Hatherton, Kinvaston and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 the other }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11668347 Hilton}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  (7,13-15)}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11668347 , despite its repetition above}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10772519  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11668347 Penkridge and Gnosall}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11295126  (7,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11295126\charrsid10772519 17}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 -18)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11668347 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11668347 Nevertheless, Wednesfield, Willenhall and Pelsall are all found in Seisdon Hundred in later time
s, and Hatherton, Kinvaston, Hilton and Featherston}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 e are likewise in Seisdon later: see }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11668347 Lay Subsidy Roll (1334}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11668347 
), p. 283. Most of these places lay close to hundred boundaries, but if Kinvaston, Hatherton and Pelsall were really parts of Seisdon Hundred in 1086, they must have been detached from it.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11668347 On balance, it seems more likely that the presence of all these lands in Seisdon Hundred later is the result of church lands being drawn out of the hundred in which they lay geographically and placed in that where
 their holder had his principal manor or manors, as happened in other counties.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11668347 It is possible that the repetition of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13724651  Cuttlestone hundred}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11668347  heads is due to the fact that Samson, w}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13724651 ho held Hatherton, and the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11668347 
clerics, who held Penkridge (and presumably Gnosall), made separate returns, each with a hundred head which happened to be the same.
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1922341 \tab There is also some doubt about the correct hundred to be assigned to a few places that lay on the border of hundreds. Thus
 Bridgeman and Mander, 'Staffordshire Hidation', p. 166, suggested that Bradley (12,23) was in Seisdon Hundred and formed a five-hide unit with Bilston (1,4) and Ettingshall (12,18).}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1922341 
Though this may once have been so, Bradley is placed directly below an Offlow hundred head in Domesday}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1656971 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1922341 
 Some places are only mentioned incidentally and would not have been assigned to any hundred even if the county rubrication were complete. Thus }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6504938\charrsid1656971 Stoke-upon-Trent}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6504938  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1922341 (11,36)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13971376  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1922341 is only mentioned in passing, although it certainly lay i
n Pirehill Hundred. Similarly it is uncertain whether all the named and unnamed members of the many Staffordshire multiple estates lay in the same hundreds as their }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1922341 capita}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1922341 . The largest multiple estates in Staffordshire were the king's holding at Penkridge (1,7), with}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11295126  five}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1656971  named members (regarding }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11295126 Cowl}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11295126\charrsid5650839 ey and Beffcote as a single member, since}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1656971\charrsid5650839  their hidage is combined}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11295126\charrsid5650839 , just as Gerrards Broml}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5650839 
ey and Podmore are treated}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11295126\charrsid5650839  in 2,20}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1656971\charrsid5650839 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid5650839 , Robert of St}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1656971\charrsid5650839 afford's Bradley (11,6) w}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1656971 ith eleven}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6504938  including Rickerscote}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1922341  (11,67), and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1656971 Eccleshall and Lichfield held by the Bishop }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1922341 
of Chester}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1656971 . Eccleshall (2,10) apparently had two groups of dependencies, fifteen in 2,11-14 and a further fifteen, inc}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1656971\charrsid5650839 luding Sugnall, in 2,20-21). Lichfield had }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11295126\charrsid5650839 22 named }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15073709 estates}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11295126\charrsid5650839  attached to it (7 in 2,16 and 15 i
n 2,22) amounting probably to 18 members (5 in 2,16 and 13 in 2,22) if places whose assessment is combined are treated as a single member.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5650839  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15073709 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11295126 \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1922341 It seems likely that the 1 virgate of land at Bushbury that belonged to Essington (12,22) was in Seisdon Hundred wi
th the rest of Bushbury, rather than in Cuttlestone Hundred with Essington itself.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\highlight16\insrsid5771126 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11696388 \tab Once all these difficulties have been addressed, it is possible to attempt to reconstruct the hundreds and even to map the administrative divisions of the1086 county, by d
rawing lines between settlements that Domesday Book places in different but adjacent hundreds.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11696388 
These lines can follow those of later parish boundaries when there is no reason to think that a hundred boundary divided the parish. Such a map was prepared by o
ne of the present editors (FT) for the Alecto county edition of Domesday Book. However, these hundred boundaries hav}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13766156 e to enclose some whole }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11696388 
parishes such as Keele and Stone, which are not named in Domesday}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8329720  Staffordshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11696388 , as well as numerous other settlements which, though probably in existence in 1086, are subsumed in the d}
{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 etails of some other estate. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11696388 However, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13661333 in 1086 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11696388 Keele }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 was probably a member of }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13661333 Trentham (1,8), then later an appendage of Newcastle}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8329720 -under-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13661333 Lyme (1,8 Trentham note)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13766156  and a chapelry of Wolstanton Ancient Parish.}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13661333  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13766156  Stone Ancient Parish}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  is}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11696388  represented }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 in Domesday }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11696388 
by Aston-by-Stone, Cotwalton, Darlaston, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11295126\charrsid5650839 Fulford}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11295126 , }{\f0\fs24\insrsid662310 Hilderstone, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11696388 Stoke, Meaford, Moddershall,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid662310 
 Normacot,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  Tittensor and Walton}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13661333 ; see 1,40 Fulford note}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11696388 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13661333  Many settlements are not na}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
med in Domesday; for example }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid4592851 in 1334 Totmonslow Hundred included Kingston, Field, Wetton, Throwley, Bradnop, Longnor, Elkstone, Ipstones, Butterton and Waterfall (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid4592851 
Lay Subsidy Roll (1334}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid4592851 ), pp. 280-81), most of which were probably in existence in 1086.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid4592851 The county also contained a number of unnamed }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6294699\charrsid6294699 outliers}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid4592851 : two of t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8797578 he dependencies of Barton-under-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid4592851 
Needwood (1,20) were probably Tatenhill (SK2021) and Dunstall (SK1820); see 1,20 dependencies note. Among those of Wetmore (4,3) were probably }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6294699\charrsid6294699 Horninglow (SK 24}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid6294699 25)}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6294699  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8797578 and Anslow (SK}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid4592851 2125); see 4,3 dependencies note.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
\par }{\f0\fs24\highlight16\insrsid5771126 
\par }{\f0\fs24\highlight16\insrsid6294699\charrsid8600817 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3089745 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126\charrsid7434307 Hundredal Boundaries}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126 
\par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3089745 \f2\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14621706 The hundred boundaries did}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7027623  not}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13661333 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7027623  in general}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13661333 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7027623  follow evident, natural or man-made features.}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13661333 The mighty R}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14621706 iver Trent wa}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7027623 s scarcely used as }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13661333 a boundary; thus the line}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7027623  between Cuttlestone Hundred and Pirehill Hundred appears to have followed the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13661333 River }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7027623 Trent for only about 1 \'bd}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14621706 miles near Rugeley (SK0418). Watling Street does not appear to have been}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7027623 
 used as a boundary, though in the north of the county the River Sow, the Tad Brook, the Pur Brook, the River Blithe and the Little Blithe are all used to some extent, as is the River Penk in the south.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7027623 However, the great lack of 'primary' boundaries sugge
sts that it is much more likely that the hundredal boundaries were designed to include a fixed number of hides in each hundred and in so doing took some account, as best they could of existing tenurial units, some of which would themselves have been bound
ed, in part, by natural fixtures. If the processes of forming the shire and the hundreds were driven by hidage figures, the laying down of boundaries could only partially take account}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13661333  or existing units. Thus the co}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7027623 unty boundary cut through estates (see \{Introduction: County Boundary\}) as did hundredal boundaries. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13661333 So}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7027623 
 Little Wyrley lay in Offlow Hundred, Great}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14621706  Wyrley (SJ}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7027623 9907), not mentioned in Domesday Book, lay in Cuttlestone Hundred; see }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7027623 
Lay Subsidy Roll (1334}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7027623 ), p. 281}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14621706 ;}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13661333  and 1,25 dependencies note}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7027623 . Sometimes 
hidage or tenure led to islands of one hundred in another or to unna}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13661333 t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7027623 ural intrusi}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13661333 ons or projections. T}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7027623 here seem to b}
{\f0\fs24\insrsid13661333 e no examples of the former in S}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7027623 taffordshire in 1086, but an example of a projection is Harborne (2,22) which}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13661333 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7027623 
 until a later change of county}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13661333  boundary,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  projected into Warwickshire. It was no doubt kept in Staffordshire }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6294699 and in Offlow Hundred }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
because it was a poss}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13661333 ession of the Bishop of Chester and a part of his manor of Lichfield}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14621706 . The b}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13661333 ishop held three estates in Warwickshire (WAR 2,1-3) but th
ey were not close to the Staffordshire border.}{\f0\fs24\highlight16\insrsid5771126\charrsid7027623 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 \tab S}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11696388 ome bou}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 ndaries must remain uncertain,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11696388 
 such as that between Cuttlestone and Offlow Hundreds which was perhaps purely notional where it ran across Cannock Chase to take the far-flung Rugeley into Cuttlestone Hundred, and th}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 ose through the royal forests.}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11696388  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
\par 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9639186 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7027623 Hundred Courts}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7027623 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid2491273 There is no reference to the work or judgement of the men of the hundred or of their courts in the Staffordshire folios.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
\par 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9639186 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid5845073 Moot-Sites }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15888040 All the hundreds, with the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13661333  possible exception of Seisdon H}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15888040 undred}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14621706 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15888040 
 are nam}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14621706 ed from their moot-sites which we}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15888040 re located at the sort of natural or man}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 -made }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15888040 
feature typical of English hundre}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14621706 d names: }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15888040 Cuttlestone is named from a stone, Pirehill from a hill and Offlow and Totmonslow from mounds. Sei}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14621706 s}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15888040 don }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 may mean either Sae(i)ga's }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15868754 dun}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  or possibly }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15868754 Seaxa dun}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  ('hill of the Saxons'), referring to the presence of Saxons among Anglians. The hundred }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13661333 and the village below it }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15888040 may be named fro}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1918714 
m the hill that was the meeting-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15888040 place rather than }{\f0\fs24\insrsid472566 the hundred's being named }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15888040 from the vill}{\f0\fs24\insrsid472566 age}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15888040 ; }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15868754 see Anderson, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15868754 English Hundred Names}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15868754 , p. 145}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 ; Gelling, }
{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15868754 West Midlands}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 , pp. 143-44}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15868754 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15888040 These }{\f0\fs24\insrsid472566 sites }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15888040 may well have been the meeting-places of whatever local assemblies preceded the hundred courts, but they are each reasonably central to}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15888040 
their hundreds, apart from Totmonslow.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15868754 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15888040 \tab Cuttlestone was a place in Penkridge, now represented by Cuttlestone Bridge at SJ9113.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15888040 The name means 'Cuthwulf's stone'; see Anderson, }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15888040 English Hundred Names}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15888040 , p.}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15888040  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15888040 146; }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15888040 
VCH Staffordshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15888040 , iv. p. 61; }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15888040 Place-Names of Staffordshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15888040 , i. pp. 26, 94.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15888040 Penkridge had been held by King Edward, so it is possible that Cuttlestone is a case where a hundred was appurtenant to a royal manor.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15888040 
\par \tab Offlow, lying close to Watling Street }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 (at SK12}{\f0\fs24\insrsid472566 2}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 05}{\f0\fs24\insrsid472566 9), just}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid472566 over }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
the northern boundary of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid472566 Shenstone}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6294699  Ancient Parish}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15888040 and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid472566 
just inside Swinfen and Packington Civil Parish, which was originally a part of Weeford Ancient Parish. It is }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15888040 not far from Lichfield,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1918714  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6294699\charrsid6294699 and}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15888040  may once have been a site of mo}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 re than hundredal importance}{\f0\fs24\insrsid472566  if this}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15888040  Offa's }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15888040 hlaw}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid472566 was}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15888040  named from King Offa.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid472566 Shenstone (8,32)}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1918714  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid472566 was held from Earl Roger in 1086 as was Swinfen}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6294699  (an unnamed part of Shenstone).}{\f0\fs24\insrsid472566  Packington (2,16;22) was}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15888040 
 a member of Lichfield in 1086}{\f0\fs24\insrsid472566  as was Weeford (2,22)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 ; }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15868754 see Anderson, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15868754 English Hundred Names}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15868754 , p. 146}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 ; }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid4926230 Gelling, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid4926230 West Midlands}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid4926230 , pp. }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 51-52, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid4926230 144.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  The name appeared on nineteenth-century Ordnance Survey maps (for example on six-inch sheet 58NE of 1887) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid472566 
but the mound has now been nearly levelled by ploughing and the name no longer appears, although a tumulus was still marked}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid6294699  on the site}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid472566 
 on the 1962 one-inch Ordnance Survey map (sheet 120)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15888040 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15888040 Pirehill }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 Hundred }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15888040 was named from a hill (someti}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 mes }{\f0\fs24\insrsid472566 known as }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 Pire Hill) south of Stone at }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15888040 SJ}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 8931.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15888040  The hill presumably lay in the bounds of Aston}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 -by-Stone}
{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15888040 , or possibly in Walton, in 1086}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 ; see }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15868754 Anderson, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15868754 English Hundred Names}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15868754 , p. 146}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 ; }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid4926230 Gelling, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid4926230 West Midlands}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 , p. }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid4926230 144}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15888040 .
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15888040 Totmonslow is now represented by a hamlet }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 (SJ9939)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3231057  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 in the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13911312 former }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9765316\charrsid5650839 Ancient P}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid5650839 arish}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3231057  of Draycott-in-the-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15888040 Moors}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 , but presumably the 
hundred and the hamlet were named independently from the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15868754 hlaw}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 , rather than one being derived from the other. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15499250 It means Tatmonn's }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15499250 hlaw}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15499250 ; see }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15868754 Anderson, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15868754 English Hundred Names}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15868754 , p. 147}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 ; }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid4926230 Gelling, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid4926230 West Midlands}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 , p}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15868754 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  144.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15868754 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3826088\charrsid2491273 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid15889732 Links to Royal M}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid5845073 anors }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15499250 The Staffordshire folios say nothing directly about the history and interrelationships of the hundreds and afford few clues.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15499250 In the shires of Wessex and in several at least of those of Mercia it is possible to see the hundreds arising as divisions of lands
 formerly dependent on a series of important royal vills which continued in 1086 to dominate one or more hundreds, and to name the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9639186 m. Such vills are often recogniz}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15499250 
able in the pages of Domesday Book by particular details contained in their entry and by their having been held in 1066 by King Edward or by members of the house of Godwine or by an earl.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15499250 In Staffordshire, King Edward had certainly held Kingswinford and Penkridge (1,1;7), probably also Tettenhall (1,2), Wi}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid3231057 ghtwick (1,3) which belonged to it, and Bil
ston, Bescot, Wednesbury, Trentham, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid3826088 Wigginton}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15499250  and Willenhall (1,4-6; 8-10), although no }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15499250 T.R.E}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid11808488 .}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15499250  holder is given for these.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15499250 King Edward had also held }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4159629 [Old]}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15939513  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15499250 Perton which he had granted to Westminster Abbey; see 3,1 Perton note. Edwin, who had been Earl of Mercia, had held Bradley}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3826088  (11,6)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15499250 
, while Earl Algar his father and predecessor had held a considerable number of manors (1,11;13-32). 'Earl' Harold had held}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15499250 Ki
ngs Bromley (1,12). The royal manors show clear signs of being related to the ancient sites of Tamworth and Lichfield (see }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15499250 VCH Staffordshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15499250 
, iv. p. 8) but, except in the possible case of Cuttlestone (in Penkridge) the hundreds are not evidently related to important or royal vills, whereas that is the pattern in neighbouring Shropshire; see SHR \{Introduction: }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15939513 
Hundredal Manors and the Lordship of the Hundred}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15499250 \}.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15499250 Only Seisdon Hundred is}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  possibly}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15499250  named from an estate mentioned in Domesday Book}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid3373049 (o}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 r both the hundred and the vill are named from the same }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15499250 dun}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3373049 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15499250 , but the estate}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3373049  (12,17)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15499250 , held by William}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3373049 
 son of Ansculf }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15499250 in 1086, appears to }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3373049 have been of little importance.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
\par \tab It would seem that in Staffordshire the hundreds }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15939513 were drawn}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  on the basis of a hida}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3884900 tion and that local meeting-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
places were revived or created for them.
\par 
\par (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15499250 On the fission of lands dependent on royal}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  vills}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15499250 , see Stenton, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15499250 Anglo-Saxon England}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15499250 , }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 pp. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15499250 299-302.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15499250 The notion has been worked }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
out in detail for}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3373049  Hampshire}{\f0\fs24\cf11\insrsid5771126\charrsid3884900  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 by Hase, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15499250 Development of the Parish in Hampshire}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15499250 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15499250 On the attachment of hundreds to manors and on }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 groupings of hundreds, see }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15499250 
Cam, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid156634 Liberties and Communities}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 , pp. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15499250 64-106.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15499250 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3373049\charrsid15499250 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid15939513 Lordship of the Hundred}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid5845073  }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid798271\charrsid5460497 The profits of justice in the hundred courts were sometimes reaped by individuals or the hundred farmed for a fixed sum. Sometimes a hundred was attached to a particular manor and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12136821 
the holder of the latter was lo}{\f0\fs24\insrsid798271\charrsid5460497 rd of the hundred.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5460497  Domesday provides only sporadic and incide}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12136821 n}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5460497 tal evidence of these arrangements, }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12136821 which are largely known from la}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5460497 ter periods and it furnishes none for Staffordshire. In 1316 (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5460497\charrsid5460497 Feudal Aids}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5460497 
, v. p. 11), the king was lord of all five hundreds and this may have been the case in 1086. In }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3373049 1212}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5460497  (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5460497\charrsid5460497 Book of Fees}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3373049 , p. 142}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5460497 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12136821  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5460497 Pirehill Hundred }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3373049 was}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5460497  held}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3373049  at farm}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5460497  by }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3373049 William}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5460497  Griffin}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3373049  from}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5460497  the king.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3373049  Later, in 1236, Geoffrey Griffin held the hundred by serjeanty (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3373049 Book of Fees}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3373049 , p. 594). In 1255 (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3373049 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3373049 , ii. p. 115) three hundreds (Seisdon, Offlow and Cuttlest}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2652616 one) were in the king's hands. P}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3373049 irehill Hundred was at fee farm from the king}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2652616  and Robert }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13122550\charrsid662312 Gaunsil}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2652616  held }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13122550\charrsid13122550 Gatemanloue}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13122550  [}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2652616 Totmonslow}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13122550 ]}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2652616  Hundred for life (presumably from the king) by an annual payment of 13 marks.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid3373049 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5460497 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2652616 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid5460497 Rel}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid12136821 ation to L}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid15939513\charrsid5460497 ater Hundred}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid5460497 s 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid156634 The five hundreds given in Domesday, if they have here been correctly reconstructed, lasted virtually unchanged until the nineteenth century.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid156634 
Apart from the attachment of the ecclesiastical estates at Wednesfield, Willenhall, Pelsall, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12136821 Hilton, Hatherton, Kinvaston, Hilton and}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid156634  Featherstone }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9765316\charrsid662312 (7,7-10;12-16}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid662312 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid156634  to Seisdon Hundred, the only significant c
hange appears to have been the transfer of Loynton, which was in Cuttlestone Hundred in 1086, to Pirehill Hundred. This possibly took place in 1333; see }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid156634 VCH Staffordshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid156634 
, iv. p. 61; }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid156634 Lay Subsidy Roll (1334}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid156634 ), p. 279.
\par }{\f0\fs24\highlight16\insrsid5771126\charrsid156634 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid9438000 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid4268774 MANORIAL ORGANIZATION
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5460497\charrsid4268774 Staffordshire is not one of those counties where the main scribe of Great D}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7823872 omesday systematically indicated}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5460497\charrsid4268774 
 the status of a holding by use of a marginal }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5460497\charrsid4268774 M}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7823872 [}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5460497\charrsid4268774 anerium}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7823872 ]}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5460497\charrsid4268774 , }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5460497\charrsid4268774 B}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7823872 [}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5460497\charrsid4268774 erewica}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7823872 ],}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5460497\charrsid4268774  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5460497\charrsid4268774 S}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid7823872 [}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5460497\charrsid4268774 oca}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7823872 ]}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5460497\charrsid4268774  or }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5460497\charrsid4268774 T}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7823872\charrsid7823872 [}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5460497\charrsid4268774 erra}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7823872 ]}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5460497\charrsid4268774  standing respectively for }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7823872 a }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5460497\charrsid4268774 'manor}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4268774\charrsid4268774 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7823872 , 'outlier', 'J}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5460497\charrsid4268774 urisdiction' or the indeterminate 'land'.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4268774\charrsid4268774 
 By this stage in his writing-up, the scribe no longer even used the word 'manor' except incidentally as at }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8136599\charrsid9438000 B 8.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8136599  1,1;6-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4268774\charrsid4268774 
7;30;32. 2,2;9;11;16;20-22. 8,5;9;29;31. 10,9. 11,6;37;56. 12,1;22}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7823872 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4268774\charrsid4268774  14,1.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4268774  Nonetheless the distin
ction appears to have been important and it seems likely that, in the interests of conciseness, the scribe was expecting it to be assumed that estates were }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4268774\charrsid4268774 manors in the absence of indications to the contrary}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4268774 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5460497 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4268774 \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16741109 The majority of estates in Staffordshire were small, only a few being of five hides or more:}{\f0\insrsid4268774\charrsid9639186 
\par }\trowd \irow0\irowband0\ts15\trgaph108\trleft1080\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr
\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6300\clshdrawnil \cellx7380\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid3089745\yts15 \f2\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {
\b\f0\insrsid16741109\charrsid9639186 Estates of five hides or larger in Staffordshire in 1086\cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\fs20\insrsid16741109\charrsid9639186 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\ts15\trgaph108\trleft1080\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr
\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6300\clshdrawnil \cellx7380\row }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid3089745\yts15 \f2\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 
{\f0\insrsid16741109\charrsid9639186 9,1 Worfield (30 hides)
\par 2,16 Lichfield (25 \'bd  hides}{\f0\insrsid10040013\charrsid9639186 , 1 virgate}{\f0\insrsid16741109\charrsid9639186 )
\par 8,1 Claverley (20 hides)
\par 1,29 Clifton Campville (8 hides)
\par 2,10 Eccleshall (7 hides)
\par }{\f0\insrsid9438000\charrsid9639186 12,8}{\f0\insrsid16741109\charrsid9639186  Wombourne (7 hides)
\par 12,1 Sedgley (6 hides)
\par 1,27 Kinver (5 \'bd hides)
\par 1,1  Kingswinford (5 hides)
\par 2,1 Brewood (5 hides)
\par 7,6 "Haswic" (5 hides)
\par 7,7 Wednesfield (5 hides)
\par 10,9 Chebsey (5 hides)
\par 11,43 Bobbington (5 hides)
\par 11,45 Oaken (5 hides)
\par 12,2 Morfe (5 hides)
\par 12,6 Penn (5 hides)
\par 12,17 Seisdon (5 hides)\cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\insrsid16741109\charrsid9639186 \trowd \irow1\irowband1\lastrow 
\ts15\trgaph108\trleft1080\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr
\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6300\clshdrawnil \cellx7380\row }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3089745 \f2\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {
\f0\fs24\insrsid9438000 These figures do not include dependencies}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3169899 , }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10040013\charrsid662312 members}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3169899  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3169899\charrsid15553497 or lands attached to them that are}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid10040013\charrsid662312  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9438000\charrsid662312 separately named and assessed}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10040013\charrsid662312  in hides, virgates or carucates}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9438000\charrsid662312 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid662312  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14109365 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16210316 \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16591343 Many estates in Staffordshire seem underrated and the list of large estates could be lengthened if those with large plough-estimates are included: for example, Haywood (2,5) is rated at \'bd
 hide but had land for 10 ploughs; Wetmore (4,3)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8667830  is assessed at 1 \'bd hides but has land for 7 ploughs, Sheriffhales (8,5) has 2 hides but land for 15 ploughs}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15888723 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8667830 
 while Bradley (11,6) at 1 hide but with outliers amounting to 15 \'bd hides had land for 44 ploughs.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16741109 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3089745 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid672341 \tab }{\insrsid16591343 
This group of large estates overlaps with th}{\insrsid15888723 ose that are multiple in organiz}{\insrsid16591343 ation, that is they have a number of outliers or}{\insrsid672341  members answering to a central place}{\insrsid16591343 .}{\insrsid8667830 
 Estates that fall }{\insrsid8667830\charrsid8667830 into this category are:}{\insrsid16591343 
\par }{\fs20\insrsid16077996\charrsid9639186 
\par }\trowd \irow0\irowband0\ts15\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr
\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth8856\clshdrawnil \cellx8748\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid3089745\yts15 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\b\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16077996\charrsid9639186 Staffordshire estates with }{\b\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10040013\charrsid9639186 outliers or members in 1086\cell }\pard\plain 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10040013\charrsid9639186 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\ts15\trgaph108\trleft-108
\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr
\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth8856\clshdrawnil \cellx8748\row }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid3089745\yts15 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10040013\charrsid9639186 Wednesbury (1,6) with a single member (Bloxwich) and with Shelfield belonging to it
\par }{\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid799737\charrsid9639186 
\par Penkridge (1,7) with six members
\par 
\par Eccleshall (2,10) with 11 members (2,11, excluding Bishops Offley) and a further 8 outliers (2,20, excluding Sugnall) including 9 named places. It also has places 'belonging t
o' it: Bishops Offley (2,11); Aspley (2,13), Croxton (2,14) and Seighford, Aston and Doxey, Bridgeford, Coton Clanford (2,21). It seems probable that Broughton (2,12) and Sugnall (2,20) also belonged to Eccleshall.
\par 
\par Lichfield (2,16;22) with 5 members, involving 7 named places (2,16) and a further 15 estates, called members, also 'lands or 'outliers' (2,22)
\par 
\par Bradley (11,6) with 10 members (also called dependencies) as well as Rickerscote (11,67) which was an adjunct of it.
\par \cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10040013\charrsid9639186 \trowd \irow1\irowband1\lastrow 
\ts15\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr
\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth8856\clshdrawnil \cellx8748\row }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3089745 {\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3169899\charrsid9639186 

\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16077996 Other estates have places 'belonging to}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247692 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16077996  them}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247692 :}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16210316 
\par }{\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247692\charrsid9639186 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid3089745\yts15 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11867439\charrsid9639186 
Staffordshire estates having places 'belonging to' them in 1086}{\b\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3169899\charrsid9639186 , but no 'outliers' or 'members'}{\b\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11867439\charrsid9639186 \cell 
}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11867439\charrsid9639186 \trowd \irow0\irowband0
\ts15\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr
\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth8856\clshdrawnil \cellx8748\row }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid3089745\yts15 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16450632\charrsid9639186 Kingswinford (1,1) has 'Crockington' 
\par }{\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11867439\charrsid9639186 Tettenhall (1,2) has and Compton (1,2) }{\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16450632\charrsid9639186 and }{
\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11867439\charrsid9639186 Wightwick (1,3)
\par }{\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247692\charrsid9639186 Baswich (2,2) has Walton-on-the-Hill (2,2)}{\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16450632\charrsid9639186  and }{
\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247692\charrsid9639186 Brocton and Bednall (2,4) 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid5247692\yts15 {\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247692\charrsid9639186 Haywood (2,5) has Hixon (2,6), Wolseley (2,7) and Fradswell (2,8)
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid3089745\yts15 {\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16450632\charrsid9639186 Upper Arley (7,2) has another Arley
\par }{\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10963369\charrsid9639186 Colton (8,15) has "Colt" (8,16)
\par }{\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16450632\charrsid9639186 Moddershall (8,21) has Cotwalton
\par }{\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10963369\charrsid9639186 Alstonefield (8,28) has Warslow (8,29)
\par }{\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6782042\charrsid9639186 Cheddlet}{\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10963369\charrsid9639186 on (8,30) has Basford (8,31)
\par Haughton (11,52) has Brough Hall (11,5)}{\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6782042\charrsid9639186  }{\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11867439\charrsid9639186 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid16450632\yts15 {\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16450632\charrsid9639186 Blymhill (11,56) has "Ruscote" (11,56)
\par Essington (12,22) has Bushbury (12,22) 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid3089745\yts15 {\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11867439\charrsid9639186 \cell }\pard\plain 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11867439\charrsid9639186 \trowd \irow1\irowband1\lastrow 
\ts15\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr
\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth8856\clshdrawnil \cellx8748\row }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5247692 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247692\charrsid15073709 
There may be no real distinction between one place being a 'member' of another and belonging to it. There is certainly some overlap, since Wednesbury (1,6) has a member and a place belonging to it and Bradley (11,6)}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2951454\charrsid15073709  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247692\charrsid15073709 has10 members and an adjunct; Eccleshall has members and places belonging}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15073709 
 to it}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247692\charrsid15073709 . These are all included in the table of estates with outliers or members}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16450632\charrsid15073709  (above)}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247692\charrsid15073709 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5247692  
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3089745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\striked1\langnp2057\insrsid10963369\charrsid5247692 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10963369 Another category consists of those estates that are said to have unnamed dependencies}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2115558  (}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2115558\charrsid2115558 
cum appendiciis}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2115558 )}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10963369 . These are: 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid3089745\yts15 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10963369\charrsid9639186 
Staffordshire estates with }{\b\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16450632\charrsid9639186 unnamed }{\b\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10963369\charrsid9639186 'dependencies' in 1086\cell }\pard\plain 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10963369 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\ts15\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth8856\clshdrawnil \cellx8748\row }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid3089745\yts15 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16450632\charrsid9639186 Wednesbury (1,6)+ 
\par }{\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10963369\charrsid9639186 Sandon (1,13)
\par Wolstanton (1,15)
\par Penkhull (1,16)
\par Rocester (1,17)
\par Crakemarsh (1,18)
\par Barton-under-Needwood (1,20)
\par Leek (1,21)
\par Mayfield (1,23)
\par Meretown (1,24)
\par Cannock (1,25)
\par Kinver (1,27)
\par Clifton Campville (1,29)
\par }{\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13522175\charrsid9639186 Drayton Bassett (1,30)}{\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10963369\charrsid9639186 
\par }{\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13522175\charrsid9639186 Biddulph (1,33)
\par Coton}{\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15823918\charrsid9639186 ?}{\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13522175\charrsid9639186  (1,42)
\par Lichfield}{\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16450632\charrsid9639186  (2,16)}{\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10295395\charrsid9639186 \'86}{\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13522175\charrsid9639186  }{
\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2115558\charrsid9639186 
\par }{\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13522175\charrsid9639186 Wetmore (4,3)
\par Abbots Bromley (4,5)
\par Okeover (4,8)
\par Yarlet (8,12)
\par Almington (8,22)
\par }{\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2115558\charrsid9639186 Bradley (11,6)}{\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10295395\charrsid9639186 \'87}{\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2115558\charrsid9639186 
\par }{\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13522175\charrsid9639186 Norton-in-the-Moors (11,19)
\par Aston-by-Stone (11,23)}{\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10963369\charrsid9639186 \cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10963369 \trowd \irow1\irowband1\lastrow \ts15\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth8856\clshdrawnil \cellx8748\row }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3089745 {\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16450632\charrsid15553497 + }{
\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9639186  }{\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16450632\charrsid15553497 The dependencies may be Bloxwich and Shelfield
\par }{\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10295395 \'86}{\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9639186   }{\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16450632\charrsid10295395 The dependen}{
\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16450632\charrsid10112512 cies may be the places then listed as 'members'}{\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2115558\charrsid10112512 , and 'lands or outliers' (2,16;22)}{
\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10295395\charrsid10112512 , though if so}{\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10112512\charrsid10112512  the separate assessments for these 'members, lands, outliers' would be included in}{
\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10295395\charrsid10112512  the 25 \'bd hides and}{\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10112512\charrsid10112512  1 virgate}{\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16450632\charrsid10295395 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2115558 {\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10295395 \'87}{\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9639186   }{
\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2115558\charrsid10295395 The dependencies are probably then listed as 'members'.}{\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2115558\charrsid2115558 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3089745 {\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2115558\charrsid2115558 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2115558\charrsid10295395 The main scribe}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10112512  of Great Domesday may have sometimes}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10295395  used}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2115558\charrsid10295395  the phrase }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10295395 'with dependencies' }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10112512 either }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10295395 
when he }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2115558\charrsid10295395 decided not to list them separately, or because there was no list in his source.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10295395  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2115558\charrsid10295395 However, m}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13522175\charrsid10295395 any of these estates are themselves very small. In some cases the}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13522175  dependencies can be identified}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2115558  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2115558\charrsid10295395 in later documents}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13522175\charrsid10295395 , but in others there is no sign of them and there is the suspicio}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10112512 n that sometimes the scribe wrote}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6360657\charrsid15807776  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6360657\charrsid15807776 cum appendiciis}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15807776  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15807776 
and its variants}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6360657  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10112512 automatically}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2115558 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\striked1\langnp2057\insrsid10963369\charrsid2115558 

\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid672341 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14304280 It is notable that the commonly recurring }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14304280\charrsid14304280 T.R.E}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6360657 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14304280  holders of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15807776 all these large or multiple }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14304280 
estates are King Edward, the Earls of Mercia (Algar and Edwin) and the Bishop of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15807776 Li}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11808488\charrsid15807776 chfield/Chester}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14304280 . This reflects an important and primitive division of estates between the kin}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11808488 g, the diocesan bishop and the e}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14304280 arl. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid672341 The most important estates of}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12388981  the church of }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12388981\charrsid12451852 Lichfield}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11808488  h}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12388981 
ad probably been granted at its foundation in the latter half of the seventh century by a king or kings of Mercia. Many or perhaps all the comital estates may have come to their holders by virtue of their office and had also once been held by kings.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13522175 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4334058 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid672341 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12388981 The p
lethora of small holdings surveyed by Domesday are probably fragments of a much smaller number of great estates. Some may have entirely bro}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11808488 ken up,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14892996 
 while in the case of ot}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12388981 hers, the chief place may well have survived, though with a great reduction in its}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14892996  depen}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12388981 dent land. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9268226 Some indication of the original extent}{\cf11\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12451852  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12451852\charrsid12451852 of some }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9268226\charrsid12451852 estate}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12451852\charrsid12451852 s}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9268226  may be obtained if it is assumed that Ancient Parishes represent the }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9268226\charrsid9268226 parochia}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9268226 
 of an estate church. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12388981 A search for the primitive chief places in Staffordshire needs to take account of the centrality of Tamworth (1,9) to Mercia. Tamworth was}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11808488 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12388981  however}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11808488 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12388981 
 the site of a palace and perhaps not the centre of an estate}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15487938 , which may have been a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15487938\charrsid12451852 t Wigginton (1,9)}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12388981\charrsid12451852 . }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9268226\charrsid12451852 Wigginton}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9268226  Ancient Parish contained Hopwas (1,31) and}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid672341  Syerscote (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9268226 11,48).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid672341 
\par \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12388981 Places held by King Edward in 1066 may well have been among the most important. They were }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10366541 probably }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12388981 
Kingswinford (1,1), Tettenhall (1,2), Wednesbury (1,6), Penkridge (1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14892996 ,7), Trentham (1,8), }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14892996\charrsid10366541 Wigginton (}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12388981\charrsid10366541 1,9) and Willenhall (1,10)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3952133\charrsid10366541 , although he is only named as the }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3952133\charrsid10366541 T.R.E.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3952133\charrsid10366541  holder in 1,1;7}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12388981 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14892996 
 Of these the royal estate of Te}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14892996\charrsid10366541 t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3952133\charrsid10366541 t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14892996 
enhall was no doubt the source of the grant of 1 hide to the collegiate church there (7,5) an}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid672341 d probably of the grant of Old Perton (3,1) to Westminster Abbey.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14892996  It is conceivable that the estate of Wolverhampton (7,1) which was in th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid672341 e}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14892996 
 hands of Wulfrun and her family in the tenth century also had its origin here. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9268226 T}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid672341 he }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid672341\charrsid10366541 
Ancient Parish of Wolverham}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9268226\charrsid10366541 pton}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10366541  St Peter}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14180101  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9268226 contained Willenhall (1,10. 7,8), Bilston (1,4), Wednesfield (7,7)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8003142 , Pelsall (7,9), }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9268226 Hatherton (7,13), Kin
vaston }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid672341 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9268226 7,14), H}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14180101 ilton (7,15), Featherstone (7,1}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14180101\charrsid10366541 6}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9268226\charrsid10366541 )}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9268226 
 and Bradley (12,23), though some of the chapter 7 holdings formed detached parts and may only have joined the parish }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10366541 subsequently}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9268226  as a }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10366541 late }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9268226 consequ}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8003142 ence of being held by the collegiate church of W}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9268226 
olverhampton}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2951454 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9268226  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2951454 
\par \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14892996 The site of the battle of Tettenhall in 910 was actually at Wednesf}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8003142 ield and this may suggest that W}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14892996 
ednesfield, a separate estate in Domesday (7,7)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8003142 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14892996  also originated as a grant out of Tettenhall. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15487938 
As Willenhall (1,10) was in}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10366541  the Ancient Parish of Wolverhampton St Peter}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15487938 , it is possible that this royal estate had once been a member of Tettenhall.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14892996  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4334058 Tettenhall Ancient Parish contained Compton (1,2), Wightwick (1,3), both members of the royal manor }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14180101\charrsid10366541 of Tettenhal}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14180101 l }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10366541 (1,2)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14180101  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4334058 in 1086}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8460080\charrsid10366541 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4334058\charrsid10366541  together with }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14180101\charrsid10366541 Old}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14180101  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4334058 Perton }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10366541 
(3,1), Trescott (7,4), Bilbrook (7,5),}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4334058  Oaken (11,45), Wrottesley (11,46), Pendeford (12,20) and Codsall (17,1)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8460080 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4334058  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4334058\charrsid10963369 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9268226 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4334058 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15487938 There}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8003142  are reasons for thinking that P}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15487938 enkridge, represented in Domesday only by a royal manor of 1 hide and }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16545491\charrsid10366541 1 hide}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10366541  belonging to}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15487938  a collegiate church (1,7. 7,17)}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8003142 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15487938  had once been much greater in extent}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4078889 , including, for example, Brewood, Cannock and Gnosall}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10366541 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12264482  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9268226 Penkridge Ancient Parish comprised Cannock (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8003142 
1,25), Whiston (4,9), "Bedinton"/ Pillaton (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9268226 4,10), Mitton (11,6), Stret}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8003142 ton (11,57), Water Eaton (11,58), Gailey (11,59), Otherton (11,60), G}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9268226 reat Saredon (11,61), Coppenhall (11,63), Shareshill (11,64), Levedale (11,66), Rodbaston (13,9)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8150000 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9268226 
 Little Saredon (17,2) and Bickford (17,3)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10366541 ; see 1,7 Penkridge note}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15086003 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9268226 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3089745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9268226 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15487938 
Similarly, Trentham (1,8) may once have been the centre of a much larger estate which comprised Penkhull (1,16) granted out to the earls of Mercia and the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8003142  land on which Newcastle-under-L}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15487938 yme was established and Stoke-upon}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11599873 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15487938 Trent grew up.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4078889 
 It is possible that Wolstanto}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8003142 n }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14906969 (1,15}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8003142\charrsid14906969 )}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8003142 
 had once been part of T}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4078889 rentham.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720482  Wolstanton Ancient Parish contained Thursfield (13,1)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14906969 , Dimsdale (13,7)}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720482  and Knutton (13,8).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9652484  The Ancient P}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9268226 
arish of Trentham included only Hanford (13,4) and Hanchurch (13,5), but it is likely that the original greater Trentham had a number of churches each of which}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8003142  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9268226 became the nucleus of a separate Ancient Parish, a process that will have continued after 1086 with the est}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8003142 ablishment of the castle, manor}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9268226 , borough and Ancient Parish of Newcastle-under-Lyme.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14049514  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14906969 
For the contents of the Ancient Parish of Stoke-upon-Trent, see 11,36 Stoke note.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9268226 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4334058 \tab Wednesbury (1,6) was in the Ancient Parish of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4334058\charrsid4610419 Walsall}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11599873\charrsid4610419  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2951454\charrsid4610419 (St Matthew)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11599873  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4334058 together with Bloxwich (1,6, a member)}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14906969 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4334058  Bescot (1,5)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14906969  and }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9652484\charrsid14906969 Shelfield (1,6)}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14906969 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9652484\charrsid14906969  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14906969 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15487938 \tab It may be that the really ancient royal estates besides Tamworth were only Kingswinford, Tettenhall, Penkridge and Trentham. To these might be added the manor of Leek}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9652484  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4078889 (1,21)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10815524 , a very extensive}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15487938  multiple estate, }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10815524 although assessed at only 1 hide, but with land for 12 ploughs. The Ancient Parish of Leek (1,21)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11104768 , held in 1066 by Earl Algar,}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10815524  embraced Cheddleton (8,30), Endon (1,61), Rudyard }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11104768 (1,63) and Rushton (1,64)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720482 ; see 1,21 }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2951454\charrsid11104768 dependencies}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720482  note. Among e}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4078889 
cclesiastical estates, Eccleshall and Lichfield were perhaps the most ancient as were }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11761692 Bradley (11,6), }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4078889 
Claverley (8,1) and Worfield (9,1) among comital estates. These last two may have been members of the same great estate.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14049514  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11761692 Of these }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720482 estates }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11761692 Eccleshall was still a large multiple estate in 1086, but its }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4078889 Ancient Parish }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11761692 also }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4078889 contained}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4334058  Millmeece (1,37), Rudge (11,15) and part of Balterley (17,11)}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720482  in addition to many holdings o}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4334058 f the bishopric of Chester: Charnes, Chorlton}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10815524 ,}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6846222  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4334058 Cotes, Coldmeece, Baden Hall, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2951454\charrsid16140126 Slind}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4334058\charrsid16140126 on}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4334058  and Brockton }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10815524\charrsid10815524 and Chatcull }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4334058 (2,11); Broughton (2,12); Aspley (2,13); Croxton (2,14)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5521790 ;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4334058  and Sugnall, Gerrards }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10815524 B}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4334058\charrsid10815524 romley}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6846222 , Podmore, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10815524\charrsid10815524 Swi}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6846222\charrsid10815524 nchurch}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10815524 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4334058  Walton }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5521790\charrsid10815524 
and Wootton}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10815524  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4334058 (2,20). }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11761692 \tab There are signs that even smaller 1086 estates had }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720482 o}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11761692 
nce been larger. Thus Rocester (1,17) was head of an Ancient Parish that also}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720482  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11761692 contained Bradley-in-the-Moors}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10815524  (15,1)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11761692  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5521790  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5521790\charrsid16140126 a}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2951454\charrsid16140126 nd Waterfall}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5521790  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11761692 (1,17}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10815524  dependencies note}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11761692 ). The Ancient Parish of Uttoxeter (1,19) also comprised Crakemarsh (1,18), Loxley (8,18) and Stramshall (17,17). The areas of some of these Ancien}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720482 
t Parishes may once have been p}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11761692 art of larger units.
\par \tab These a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720482 r}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11761692 e only indications of what might have been }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid672341 a simpler and e}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5521790 arlier organiz}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid672341 ation}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8212293 , in a series of large estates,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid672341  of the are}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720482 a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid672341  that becam}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720482 e S}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8212293 taffordshire}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid672341 . Th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720482 e topic would benefit from furt}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid672341 her study.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11761692\charrsid11761692 

\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7013544 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1720482 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8212293 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5521790 ECCLESIASTICAL ORGANIZ}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126\charrsid10310899 ATION
\par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3089745 \f2\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
Among the companions whom Peada, son of King Penda of Mercia, brought back with him after his conversion to Christianity in Northumbria}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15939513 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  was Diuma who was appointed as the}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid10310899  first bishop o}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 f }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7369194 the area that became Staffordshire and elsewhere}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8212293 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  He }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid10310899 was the itinerant bishop of the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid10310899 Lindisfari}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid10310899  (that is the people of Lindsey in the later Lincolnshire), of}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid10310899 the Mercians and of the Middle Angles}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7369194 , }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7369194\charrsid8212293 c}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10959130\charrsid8212293 .}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid7369194\charrsid8212293  656 - }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7369194\charrsid8212293 c}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10959130\charrsid8212293 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7369194\charrsid8212293  658}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid10310899 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
Between 666 and 669 Wil}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8212293 frith (who was appointed Archbishop}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7369194  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 of York in 669) fulfilled some episcopal functions in Mercia and is credited w
ith founding a number of monasteries there. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid10310899 Diuma's fourth successor Ceadda (St Chad) 664-672, established his seat at Lichfield, which became the centre of the Mercian bishopric, separate bishops being ap}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 pointed for Lindsey (in 678),}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid10310899  for the Middle Angles (based at Leicester) in 679}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  as well as for Worcester}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15939513  and}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
 He}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15939513 reford}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 . The see of Lichfield will have encompassed the later counties of Derbyshire, Staffordshire, Cheshire, parts of Warwickshire and Shropshire,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15939513  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 the land between the Ribble and the Mersey (from }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15939513 c}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 . 923) and probably most or all of Nottinghamshire.
\par \tab At the council of Chelsea in 787, King Offa of Mercia created an Archbishopric of Mercia based at Lichfield, whose see stretched from the Thames to the Humber. Lichfield reverted to }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15939513 being }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
a bishopric in 802.
\par \tab The Danish invasi}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7369194 ons and settlements of the late }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 ninth century will have disrupted the work of the bishopric. The adjacent see of Leicester ceased to function a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16741109 
nd that area was notionally car}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7369194 ed for by the B}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 ishop of Dorchester-on-Thames. Lichfield itself }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15939513 may have lain}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  just on the Danish side of Watling Street}
{\f0\fs24\insrsid15939513 , if the Roman road was the boundary; see \{Introduction: History\}}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 . The site may have been despoiled and it was no doubt difficult for its bishops to exercise jurisdiction and care of
 souls until the pacification or exp}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15939513 ulsion of the Danes in the first}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  decade}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15939513 s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  of the tenth century; see \{Introduction: History\}.
\par \tab The see recovered thereafter and was removed to Che}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid8212293 s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7369194\charrsid8212293 t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid8212293 er in 1075 by Bishop Peter and in 1102 to Coventry}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15874250\charrsid8212293  by his successor, Robert de Limesey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
. Its endowments may not have been gravely affected. Staffordshire continued to be measured in hides and virgates, and many of the estates in that county probably survived intact through the period of Danish occupation. Among the estates held b
y the church of Chester in 1086 were probably some that were given by King Wulfhere at the foundation of the see. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid215985 See }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid215985 VCH Staffordshire}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid215985 , iii. pp}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid215985 1-6, xiv}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9639186 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid215985  pp. 1-7}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 .}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid215985 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 \tab Apart from Burton Abbey and the churches of Wolverhampton and Lichfield, little is known about }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15874250 the ecclesiastical organiz}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
ation of Staffordshire before 1066. It would be expected that before the growth of a network of manorial churches, the gospel would have been preached and souls cared for by a number of collegiate churches, often known }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid14040942 as minsters, which consisted of a community of secular priests who would minister to the inhabitants of the surrounding countryside. In 1086, there were collegiate churches at Stafford (6,1), at Wolverhampton}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2951454\charrsid14040942  (7,1)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11804141\charrsid14040942 , }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid14040942 at Tettenhall (7,5), at Penkridge (7,17) and possibly at Gnosall (7,18 clerics note).}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2951454\charrsid14040942  Of these, the church of Wolverhampton had an extensive endowment (7,1-4; 6-16).}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2951454\charrsid12324758  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid12324758  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2951454 
\par \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 In Sh}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15874250 eriffhales (8,5) the abbey of Saint-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1916705 \'c9vroult}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  had a plough with a priest who had two oxen}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15874250  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15874250\charrsid9968521 in 1086}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid9968521 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  It is likely that the abbey also held the church at Sheriffhales and just possible that the church itself was superior. }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid12324758 To }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid9968521 these}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15874250  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9968521 important churches}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid12324758 
 had recently been added the church of Lichfield (2,16), no longer a cathedral after the see was transferred to Chester. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 All o}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid12324758 f }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 these were probably Anglo-S}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid12324758 axon foundations. It is possible that the church of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 Stoke-upon-Trent (11,36 Stoke}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid12324758  note), which held l
and, and Norbury (8,10) with two priests were also minster churches. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 There }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9968521 appears}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  also }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9968521 to }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 have been a }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9968521 secular college}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  at }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid16718445 Stone (11,8 priest note)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9968521 a minster }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 at Trentham }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11804141 (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11804141 1,8 priest note}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11804141 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 . There was almost certainly a college (perhaps formerly a nunnery) at }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12652642 
Tamworth (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11804141 1,9 Tamworth note}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12652642 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11804141 ; }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 see }{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5771126\charrsid359012 Eyton, }{\i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5771126\charrsid359012 
Domesday Studies: Staffordshire}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5771126\charrsid359012 , pp. 42,}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5771126\charrsid359012 44-46}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5771126 ; Blair, 'Secular Minster Churches', p}{
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5771126\charrsid359012 .}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5771126  108.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid12324758 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7814462 \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 After 1086, a considerable number of religious house
s were established in Staffordshire, some of them by Domesday landholders or their successors. Tutbury Priory dependent on the Benedictine Abbey of Saint-Pierre-sur-Dives in Normandy was founded by Henry of Fererrs and his wife Bertha in their castle at T
utbury, probably early in the reign of Willam Ruf}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11804141 us; see 10,1 Tutbury note. St R\'e9}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 my of Rheims had been granted Lapley }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1251103 (}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1251103\charrsid1251103 NTH}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1251103  16,1}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1251103 , misplaced in Domesday}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1251103 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  before the conquest by Burchard, }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11804141 a gift }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 confirmed by his father Earl Algar of Mercia}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11804141 . A priory had }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 been establ}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11804141 i}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
shed there by the middle of the twelfth century and may have been preceded by a }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8551424 cel}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8551424\charrsid1251103 l at}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11804141\charrsid1251103  Marston; see STS 5 St R\'e9}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1251103 my}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13065659\charrsid1251103 's}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1251103  note}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11804141\charrsid1251103 ; }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1251103\charrsid1251103 NTH 16,1 Lapley note and NTH}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11804141\charrsid1251103  16,2 men note}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1251103 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
\par \tab Canwell Priory for Benedictine monks was founded }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11804141 c}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 . 1140 in the parish of Hints by Geva, the illegitimate daughter of Earl Hugh of Chester and wife of Geoffrey Ridel}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13122257 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  a justiciar of King Henry I who had died in the white ship disaster of 1120; }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid8666600 see}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid8666600  VCH Staffordshire}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 , iii}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid8666600 . p}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 p. 213-14}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11804141 ; Knowles and Hadcock, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid11804141\charrsid11804141 Medieval Religious Houses}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11804141 , pp. 53, 61}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid8666600 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid14623081 \tab Another prio}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11804141\charrsid14623081 ry for Benedictine monks (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid14623081 preceded by a hermitage) was founded at Sandwell in West Bromwich }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid14623081 c}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid14623081 . 1180 by }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11804141\charrsid14623081 William son of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid14623081 
Guy de Offeni, an important tenant of the honour of Dudley, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11804141\charrsid14623081 which derived }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid14623081 from William son of Ansculf the 1086 holder of West Bromwic}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11018482 h (N}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11018482\charrsid11018482 TH 36}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11804141\charrsid11018482 ,3}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11018482\charrsid11018482 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11804141\charrsid14623081 
, misplaced in Domesday); s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid14623081 ee}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid14623081  VCH Staffordshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid14623081 , iii. pp. 216-17}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11804141\charrsid14623081 
; Knowles and Hadcock, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid11804141\charrsid14623081 Medieval Religious Houses}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11804141\charrsid14623081 , pp.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14623081\charrsid14623081  56, 76}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid14623081 . 
\par \tab A priory for Benedictine nuns was founded between 1129 and 1148 in Brewood probably by Roger de Clinton, Bishop of Coventry. Brewood itself (2,1) was a manor}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14623081\charrsid14623081  that belonged to the bishopric;}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid14623081  see}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid14623081  VCH Staffordshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid14623081 , iii. p. 221}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14623081\charrsid14623081 ; Knowles and Hadcock, }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14623081\charrsid14623081 Medieval Religious Houses}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14623081\charrsid14623081 , pp. 253, 256 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid14623081  Two other priories for Be
nedictine nuns began as establishments for hermits or monks: Blithbury Priory, founded between 1129 and 1148 in the Ancient Parish of Mavesyn Ridware by Hugh Malveysin, also known as}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14623081\charrsid14623081  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid14623081 Hugh de Rideware, and Farewell Priory also founded between 1129 and 1148 by Roger de Clinton, Bi}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14623081\charrsid14623081 shop of Coventry}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11018482 ;}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14623081\charrsid14623081  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid14623081 see}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid14623081  VCH Staffordshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid14623081 , iii. pp. 220, 222}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14623081\charrsid14623081 ; Knowles and Hadcock, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14623081\charrsid14623081 Medieval Religious Houses}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14623081\charrsid14623081 , pp. 253, 256, 258}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid14623081 .}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14623081  Th}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14623081\charrsid14623081 ere were also monks at Blithbury: Knowles and Hadcock, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14623081\charrsid14623081 Medieval Religious Houses}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14623081\charrsid14623081 , pp. 52, 60}
{\f0\fs24\insrsid10235736 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid14623081 
\par \tab The Cistercian Abbey of Radmore began as a hermitage in Cannock Forest (1,25) on land granted by King Stephen between 11}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14623081\charrsid14623081 35 and 1139. F}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid14623081 rom some}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid10235736  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid14623081 time in the next decade, the hermits followed the Cistercian rule. By an exchange of land, the monks}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14623081\charrsid14623081  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid14623081 migrated to Stoneleigh i}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14623081\charrsid14623081 n Warwickshire in 1154; }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid14623081 see}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid14623081  VCH Staffordshire}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid14623081 , iii. p. 225}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14623081\charrsid14623081 ; Knowles and Hadcock, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14623081\charrsid14623081 Medieval Religious Houses}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14623081\charrsid14623081 , pp. 114, 124}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid14623081 .
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10235736 \tab The Cistercian A}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid68186 bbey of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 Croxden}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid68186  began in 1176 on land at }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid68186 Cho}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11931722 tes}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11931722 , }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11931722\charrsid11931722 probably represented by Upper Cotton (SK0547) and Near Cotton (SK0646)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11931722  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid68186 Alton, granted by Bertram de Verdun, lord of Alton (1,54) to the Cistercians of Aunay-sur-Odon in Normandy. They removed to Croxden (17,18) in 1179. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10235736 The a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
bbey was given a considerable e
ndowment, including, in Staffordshire: Croxden and a grove at Great Gate near Croxden; Alton and its church; Madeley Holme (in Checkley); Crakemarsh (in Uttoxeter) together with half of the wood there; Musden and Oaken (in Codshall}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid68186 ); see }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid68186 VCH Staffordshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid68186 , iii. pp. 226-27}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14623081 ; }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14623081\charrsid14623081 Knowles and Hadcock, 
}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14623081\charrsid14623081 Medieval Religious Houses}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14623081\charrsid14623081 , pp.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14623081  112, 118}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid14623081 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid68186 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11931722 {\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 \tab 
The Abbey of Dieulacres, also Cistercian, was founded in 1214 on the land of Leek (1,21) beside the River Churnet, one mile north of the village, possibly on t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14623081 he site of an earlier hermitage,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  by}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11018482  Ranulph}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10235736  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 de Blundeville, Earl of Chester. The name is Norman French}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11018482  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11018482 Deu}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid10435828  l'encres}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  ('may God increase it')}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14623081 , said to have been uttered by}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11018482  Ranulph}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14623081 's wife}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
. It was populated by Cistercians from Poulton (in Pulford) in Cheshire who already had considerable property in that county. To this was added in Staffordshire land in Rudyard in Leek}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14623081  (1,63)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10235736 
 as the site of the a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 bbey, the manor of Leek and a number of appurtenances, as well as a Wednesday market and an ei}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11931722 
ght-day fair there, the church of Leek and dependent chapels, land at Wetwood}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14623081\charrsid11931722  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11931722\charrsid11931722 (SJ9861), }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid11931722\charrsid11931722 Cocsuche}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11931722\charrsid11931722 , mills at Leek and 'Hulme' (probably Upper Hulme, SK0160) and a salt-house at Middlewich (SJ7066), this last lying in Cheshire. See}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid11931722\charrsid11931722  VCH Staffordshire}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11931722\charrsid11931722 , iii. pp. 230-31; Knowles and Hadcock, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid11931722\charrsid11931722 Medieval Religious Houses}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11931722\charrsid11931722 , pp. 112, 118.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid10185694 

\par }{\insrsid11931722 \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11931722 A further Cist}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11931722\charrsid11931722 ercian abbey was founded at (Abbey) Hulton (11,21) by Henry de Audley }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid11931722\charrsid11931722 c}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11931722\charrsid11931722 . 1219 (the foundation charter dates from 1223) as a daughter-house of Combermere Abbey in Cheshire. The endowment included (Abbey) Hulton itself, '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1465132 Rushton' (11,21), Bucknall }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1465132\charrsid14040942 (perhaps an unnamed part of Abbey Hulton, rather than }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14040942 the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1465132\charrsid14040942 royal estate,1,34}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11931722\charrsid14040942 ), Normacot (13,3}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11931722\charrsid11931722 ), Mixon (SK0457), Bradnop (SK0155), Middle Cliff (SK0054), Apesford (SK0153), 'Ruhegh' (unlocated) and 'Mulnesley' (unlo}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11931722 cated); see}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid11931722  VCH Staffordshire}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11931722 , iii. p. 235; Knowles and Hadcock, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid11931722 Medieval Religious Houses}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11931722 , pp. 113, 120.
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3089745 {\insrsid5771126 \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid10185694 Calwich Priory fo
r Augustinians was founded between 1125 and 1130 in Dovedale as a cell of Kenilworth Priory}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15290979  (in Warwickshire)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid10185694 . It had began as a hermitage and been given to Kenilworth }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15290979 Priory by Nicholas de Gresley, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid10185694 son of the Do}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15290979 mesday holder Nigel of Stafford}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid10185694  and his wife
 Margery who had been a ward of Geoffrey de Clinton, the founder of Kenilworth Priory}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10050861 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid10185694  The founders of Calwich also held Longford in Derbyshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2253908  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2253908\charrsid2253908 (SK2137)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2253908  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid10185694 and gave its church. See}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid10185694  VCH Staffordshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid10185694 
, iii. p. 237}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15290979 ; }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15290979\charrsid15290979 Knowles and Hadcock, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15290979\charrsid15290979 Medieval Religious Houses}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15290979\charrsid15290979 , pp. 139, 151.}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15290979 
\par }{\insrsid5771126 \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14040942 The Augustinian p}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid10953789 riory of Stone was founded between 1138 and 1147 by Robert II of Stafford, holder of Walton}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11018482  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid10953789 (11,8)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11018482  which lay in Stone Ancient Parish}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid10953789 . The initial grants included, in Staffordshire, the church of St Mary in his castle }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2253908 (at Stafford) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2253908\charrsid2253908 (SJ902223)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10050861  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid10953789 and the church of Madeley}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15290979  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11018482 
 (11,20 or 11,37)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid10953789 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10050861  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid10953789 The priory was established in a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12327446 n earlier church dedicated to }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12327446\charrsid12327446 St Wulfad and St Rufin}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10050861 , which was probably pre-C}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid10953789 
onquest, and perhaps even a minster church. It is possible that there was already a community there in 1066, perhaps of nuns which might explain the grant of 1 carucate in Walton by Aki the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15499250 T.R.E.}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid10953789  holder to his sister. The 1086 subtenant }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10050861\charrsid11739488 Arnold}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid10953789  was succeeded by his son Enisan and he by another }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11739488\charrsid11739488 A}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11739488 rnald. On}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11739488 e}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11739488  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid10953789 or other of these last two }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11739488 may have been responsible for killing two nuns and a p}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11739488\charrsid11739488 r}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11739488 iest there and the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11739488\charrsid11739488 foundat}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11739488 ion o}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid10953789 f a priory may }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15016905 have been an act of expiation. See}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15016905  VCH Staffordshire}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15016905 , iii. p. 240}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15290979\charrsid15016905 ; Knowles and Hadcock, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15290979\charrsid15016905 Medieval Religious Houses}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15290979\charrsid15016905 , pp.144, 175}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15016905 .
\par \tab Rocester Abbey for Augus}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9713517 t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15016905 inian canons was founded }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15290979\charrsid15016905 between 1141 and 1146 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15016905 
by Richard Bacon, the nephew of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11739488 Ranul}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11739488\charrsid11739488 ph}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11739488  le Meschin}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15016905 
, Earl of Chester. Between them the two 'foundation charters' endowed 
the abbey with the church of Rocester and its dependent chapels in Bradley-in-the-Moors and Waterfall; 2 bovates in the vill of East Bridgeford in Nottinghamshire, and the vill of Rocester and Combridge, with the lordship land there and }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15016905 either }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15016905 at Wootton (in Ellastone}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15016905\charrsid15016905 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15016905  or }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15016905\charrsid15016905 Woottons (}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15016905 in Croxden)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2762626 , }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15016905 as well as appurtenances in Nothill (in Croxden), Denstone }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11739488 (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15016905 
in Alton}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11739488 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15016905 , Quixhill (in Rocester), Roston (in Derbyshire), }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15290979\charrsid15016905 Waterfall, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15016905 
Bradley-in-the-Moors, and Calton}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11739488 , the grants}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15016905  amounting }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11739488 in all}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15016905  to eight carucates; see}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15016905  VCH Staffordshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15016905 , iii. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11739488 p. 247}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15290979\charrsid15016905 ; Knowles and Hadcock, }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15290979\charrsid15016905 Medieval Religious Houses}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15290979\charrsid15016905 , pp.143, 172}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2762626 ;}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15290979\charrsid15016905  and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15016905\charrsid15016905 
1,17 dependencies }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15290979\charrsid15016905 note}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15016905 . For the first foundation charter, see Barraclough, 'Chart}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15290979\charrsid15016905 
ers of the Earls of Chester', pp. 80-81 no. 68}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6633875 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15016905  and pp. 260-61 no. 262 (a sp}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6633875 urious confirmation of Richard B}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15016905 acon's foundation charter}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6633875 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15016905 . The second 'foundation charter' (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15016905 Monasticon Anglicanum}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15016905 , vi}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15290979\charrsid15016905 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15016905  (I). pp}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15290979\charrsid15016905 . 410-11) is not genuine, but a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15016905 ppears to contain authentic information.

\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6633875 The Augustinian p}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15016905 riory of Ranton was founded in the mid-twelfth century }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15290979\charrsid15016905 by Robert Fitz}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11739488  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15290979\charrsid15016905 Noel of Ellenhall }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15016905 on assarted land. Robert's fa}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11739488 t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15016905 her had been gr}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11739488 anted Ranton (11,25) by Nicholas of Stafford}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6633875\charrsid11739488  (son of the 1086 holder }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11739488\charrsid11739488 Robert of Stafford}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6633875\charrsid11739488 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15016905 . The new priory was given 8 virgates in }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15016905 Cuccessone}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15016905 
, probably to be identified with Cooksland in Sleighford, as well as Sleighford mill and 1 virgate of land in Coton Clanford }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12327446\charrsid12327446 (2,21)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15016905  held by castle service. See}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15016905  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15016905\charrsid15016905 Wrottesley, 'Ronton Cartulary', pp. 264-67; }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15016905 VCH Staffordshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15016905 , iii. p. 251}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15016905\charrsid15016905 ; Knowles and Hadcock, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15016905\charrsid15016905 Medieval Religious Houses}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15016905\charrsid15016905 , pp. 143, 171}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15016905 .
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6633875 \tab The Augustinian p}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11149192 riory of Trentham was established}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid2780855  by}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3229577  Ranulph }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid2780855 
de Gernon, Earl of Chester}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10564705 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid2780855  who died in 1153. Its foundation grant was of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 T}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid2780855 rentham itself}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15016905 
 (1,8) and members}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid2780855 . It is possible that there were earlier foundatio}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 n}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15016905 s here. However, t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid2780855 he nunnery founded a}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15016905 t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid2780855  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15016905 Tricengeham}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid2780855  by St Werburgh (Bradshaw, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid2780855 
Life of St Werburge}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid2780855 , pp. 86, 105-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10564705 106, 111, 115-16, 118}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid2780855 -19, 139) is now thought likely to be at Threckingham in Lincolnshire, but there wa}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15016905 s possibly a church founded at Trentham}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid2780855  by Earl Hugh of Chester, a Domesday tenant-in-chief, or even a pre-Conquest minster. See}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid2780855  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14306764 Parker, 'Trentham Priory Cartulary', p. 303; }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid2780855 VCH Staffordshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid2780855 , iii. pp. 255-56}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15016905 ; }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15016905\charrsid15016905 Knowles and Hadcock, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15016905\charrsid15016905 Medieval Religious Houses}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15016905\charrsid15016905 , pp. 144, 177}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15016905 .}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
\par \tab A furthe}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15016905 r}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10564705  Augustinian p}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 riory dedicated to St Thomas}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15016905  was established }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15016905\charrsid10564705 c}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15016905 
. 1174 by Gerar}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 d }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15016905 Fitz}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9639186  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15016905 Brian}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10564705 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  a burgess of Stafford}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid10564705 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  on the northern bank of the River Sow }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15016905 acro}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10564705 ss the river from Baswic}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2951454 h}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10564705 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15016905 
 from which it was sometimes named}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10564705 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15016905  and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10564705 2 miles to the e}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 ast of Stafford; s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11149192 ee}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11149192  VCH Staffordshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11149192 , iii. p. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 260}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15016905 ; }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15016905\charrsid15016905 Knowles and Hadcock, }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15016905\charrsid15016905 Medieval Religious Houses}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15016905\charrsid15016905 , pp. 138, 146}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15016905 . 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid5845073 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid3229577\charrsid5845073 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid5845073 THE DOMESDAY FORMAT }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid5845073 Circuit}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid15157132  and Ruling Pattern}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15157132 There is some disagreement am
ong scholars about whether Staffordshire was in circuit IV with Leicestershire, Northamptonshire, Oxfordshire and Warwickshire, or in circuit V with Cheshire, Gloucestershire, Herefordshire, Shropshire and Worcestershire. Ballard (}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15157132 Domesday Inquest}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7761840 , p. 12) placed Staffordshire in his circuit E (that is, circuit IV), but Stephenson ('Notes on the Composition and Interpretation of Domesday Book', pp. 6-7), Galbraith (}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7761840 Making of Domesday Book}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7761840 , pp. 7-8)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15031734 , and, more recently, Loyn ('A G}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7761840 eneral Introduction to Domesday Book', }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7761840 
Domesday Book Studies}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7761840 , pp. 3-4) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15031734 and Desborough ('Introduction', }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15031734 Staffordshire Domesday}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6245537 , p. 7)}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15031734  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid7761840 included it in circuit V. Rumble ('Domesday Manuscripts', p. 36) mentioned the possibility that Staffordshire belonged in circuit IV, and this view was taken up by Lewis ('Introduction', }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7761840 
Cheshire Domesday}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7761840 , p. 6 note 3) and}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6245537  mentioned in}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7761840  Desborough ('Introduction', }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7761840 Warwickshire Domesday}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7761840 , p. 4).  Roffe (}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7761840 The Inquest and the Book}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7761840 , Table 5.1, p. 124) puts Staffordshire in circuit IV}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6245537 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15157132 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6245537 \tab 
There are two compelling arguments for placing Staffordshire in circuit IV. Firstly, in Warwickshire and Northamptonshire in this circuit there are no less than nine entries relating to places that were in Staffordshire in 1086; see \{Introduction: Place
s }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2107428\charrsid11231297 Entered }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6245537 in the Wrong }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11231297\charrsid11231297 Domesday}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2107428  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11231297 County}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6245537 \}
. There are also two entries in Staffordshire, added after rubrication had taken place, one of which should have been included in the Oxfordshire folios (see 12,30 entry note) while the other was a duplicate of an ent
ry there (see 12,31 entry note). Throughout circuit IV entries are misplaced to a far greater extent than in any other circuit, while no place in it can be found within the folios of another circuit}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12978358 ; see \{Introduction: Places}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2107428  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11231297\charrsid11231297 Entered}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12978358  in the Wrong }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11231297\charrsid11231297 Domesday}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2107428  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12978358 Count}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11231297 
y}{\f0\fs24\insrsid882406 \}. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12978358 Stephenson appeared}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2107428  unaware of this}{\f0\fs24\insrsid882406  in giving his reasons for placing Staffordshire in circuit V}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2107428 . The cause of this}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1507975  scribal}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2107428  confusion may have been}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12978358  that in the putative circuit volume, used by the main scribe of Great Domesday as his primary source for this circuit, the arrangement was }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2107428 probably }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12978358 by fief}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8520221 -}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12978358 holder and then}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1507975  within the fief by}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12978358  county}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8520221  (as in the }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8520221 Liber Exoniensis}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8520221 , the circuit volume for circuit II)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12978358 , rather tha}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8520221 n by county and then fief}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12978358 
 as in Great Domesday. Thus, all the lands}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8520221  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12978358 held}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8520221  by a }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2107428 tenant-in-chief}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12978358 
 in the counties in this circuit would have been detailed together, possibly with a county heading}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8520221  occasionally}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12978358  missing}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8520221  or unclear}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10640112 ; see \{
Introduction: Writing and Correction\}}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12978358 . In separating these holdings between the folios of the five counties, the main scri}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8520221 be obviously made }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14177051 or perpetuated }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8520221 mistakes.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7689351  Moreover, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9326873 although he}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6436448  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7689351 rarely made corrections and additions at the same time }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12005284 
across counties}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7689351 , preferring to work on one county at a time,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6436448  and almost never across circuits,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7689351  he added two entries to Staffordshire in the same campaign as }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12005284 one to Leicestershire and three to Warwickshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14177051 , suggesting that while checking a circuit volume containing these counties he amassed corrections for them}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12005284 ; see 16,2 entry note.
}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12978358  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6245537\charrsid7761840 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16079291 {\f0\fs24\insrsid8520221 \tab The second chief argument f}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8520221\charrsid8520221 
or Staffordshire's being part of circuit IV concerns the arrangement of entries within}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10637854  the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8520221  fiefs in it. In many counties in Great Domesday the primary subdivision o
f material in each fief was by hundred or wapentake: the majority of the holdings lying in one hundred were entered before those in another and often in a standard sequence of hundreds}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7689351 
. Cheshire, Herefordshire and, to a lesser extent, Worcestershire in circuit V were arranged in this way}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3757955 , probably reflecting the layout of the putative circuit volume}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7689351 
. In the counties of circuit IV, however, the primary division within most fiefs was between land held in lordship and subinfeudated land. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3757955 Though this separation
 occurs in some fiefs in other circuits, such as that of Hugh of Beauchamp in Bedfordshire (circuit III) and that of Peterborough Abbey in circuit VI, it is only circ}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8017690 uit IV that is arranged largely}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3757955 
 in this way.}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8017690\charrsid8017690  This separation may have been present in the fief-holder's own returns,}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10637854 
 perhaps implying a request to that effect from those responsible for gathering material for this circuit,}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8017690\charrsid8017690 
 but the material would have to have been reorganized by wapentake or hundred for the county court hearings and this rearrangement was probably}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8017690  retained in the circuit volumes for most circuits}{
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8017690\charrsid8017690 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3757955  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7689351 Within these subsections, lands could still be arranged by hundred and even in a set sequence, as can be seen in Leicestershire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8017690 
, though in a few cases it was disrupted by the scribe}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10637854 's}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8017690  detailing }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6436448 together }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8017690 the l}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6436448 ands of some subtenants}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8017690 ; see LEC \{Introduction: Standard Order of Wapentakes\}}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16079291 . Of the fiefs in Staffordshire 
containing more than one or two holdings, several were arranged with lordship land listed first and then subinfeudated land}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6358308  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9924197 (see}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6358308 
 STS 8 Roger note, STS 10 Henry note, STS 11 Robert note and STS 12 William note),}{\f0\fs24\insrsid294587  whereas there is only one in which a hundred}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4547970 a
l arrangement takes precedence, lordship and subinfeudated land intermingling }{\f0\fs24\insrsid294587 (see STS }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6436448 13 Richard note) while in the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6436448\charrsid6436448 Terra Regis}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4093195 
 arrangement was by }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4093195 T.R.E.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4093195  holder (STS 1 king note) or, in the case of the land of the king's thanes (STS 17)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9326873 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4093195  by tenants. This makes it far more}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9326873  likely that this county}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6358308  was part of circuit IV}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9924197  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4093195 than of circuit V}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6358308 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16079291 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10449737 {\f0\fs24\insrsid16079291 \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16079291\charrsid16079291 
A study of the formulae used in the counties of Circuits IV and V also suggests that those in Staffordshire resemble more close}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16079291 ly those in Circuit IV counties. Thus}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10637854 ,}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid10637854\charrsid10637854  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10637854 in common with other counties in circuit IV,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16079291  there is no mention in this county of the taxability of each holding, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13716821 
and the plough estimate ('Land for }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13716821 n}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13716821  ploughs') is one used regularly in that circuit but }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14952379 very }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13716821 rarely in}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14952379 
 three counties of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13716821  circuit V}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14952379  and in the other two another formula appears as well}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13006735 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10449737  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16079291\charrsid16079291 
In only a few counties in G}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13006735 reat }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16079291\charrsid16079291 D}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13006735 omesday}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16079291\charrsid16079291  is information gi}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13006735 
ven on the number of ploughs }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10637854 present }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13006735 before 1066}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14952379 , but}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16079291\charrsid16079291  Staffordshire joins Leicestershire and Northamptons}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13006735 hire in having most examples; see 7,1 ploughs note.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10449737  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16079291\charrsid16079291 Moreover, in com}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10449737 mon with other counties in }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16079291\charrsid16079291 circuit}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10449737  IV}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16079291\charrsid16079291  there are relatively few references to churches in Staffordshire, compared to in the counties of Circuit V. Th}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14952379 ese}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16079291\charrsid16079291  difference}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14952379 s probably go}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6436448  back to the Survey }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10637854 itself }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6436448 and suggest}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16079291\charrsid16079291  that each circuit had its own brief or interpretation of it on this matter, reflected in th}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10449737 eir respective circuit volumes.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16079291\charrsid16079291 
 In Staffordshire the layout within each entry of standard items of information is also closer to the layout in entries in this circuit than in those in Circuit V}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10449737 ; see \{Introduction: Layout and Content of Entries\}}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16079291\charrsid16079291 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10449737 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9333544 {\f0\fs24\insrsid10449737 \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16079291\charrsid16079291 Finally, if the list of leading men given by Hemming}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9333544 , writing }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10959130 c}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10959130 .}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9333544  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9333544 1100, as being in charge of surveying the holdings of people in circuit V,}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16079291\charrsid16079291  were the second set of investigators}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9333544  (ment}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14952379 ioned by Robert Losinga, Bishop}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9333544  of Hereford 1079-95)}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16079291\charrsid16079291  chosen to review the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14952379  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9333544 Survey's}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16079291\charrsid16079291  findings in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9333544 that circuit}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16079291\charrsid16079291  because they were 'unknown' there, then this is not true of one of them if Staffordshire was really part }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6436448 of that circuit:}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16079291\charrsid16079291  Henry de Fer}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9333544 rers held eleven estates in this}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16079291\charrsid16079291  county}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9333544  (STS 10)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16079291\charrsid16079291 , so}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9333544  was hardly a stranger there.}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16079291\charrsid16079291  The cumulative weight of this evidence }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10637854 justifies}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16079291\charrsid16079291  pla}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9333544 cing Staffordshire in c}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16079291\charrsid16079291 ircuit IV rather than}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9333544  circuit}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16079291\charrsid16079291  V. 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9657757 \cbpat8 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid9657757 \tab }{\insrsid9657757\charrsid9657757 
Whereas most circuits were pricked and ruled using one ruling pattern, there are three different patterns in circuit IV and it also has several peculiarities. This suggests that by this stage in the writing up, the }{\cf1\insrsid9657757\charrsid9657757 
main scribe of Great Domesday was either told to use up, or decided to use up, as much of the }{\cf1\insrsid9199439 prepared }{\cf1\insrsid9657757\charrsid9657757 parchment as was to hand, including rejects from circuits written earlier. }{
\cf1\insrsid9205263 Staffordshire was largely frame-ruled with only four}{\cf1\insrsid9205263\charrsid9657757  vertical lines and two horizontal lines to delimit the writing space}{\cf1\insrsid9205263  of each column}{\cf1\insrsid9205263\charrsid9657757 
, using pattern 4b}{\cf1\insrsid9205263  (used for most of circuit V), but }{\cf1\insrsid11032046 the relative position of the pricked holes on its}{\cf1\insrsid9205263  central sheet (folio}{\cf1\insrsid11032046 
s 248-249) means that it cannot be associated with any other quire in the manuscript, suggesting }{\cf1\insrsid9507677 that }{\cf1\insrsid11032046 
it was pricked by itself as a one-off. Moreover, folio 250 was ruled on the recto (the hair side, as normal) }{\cf1\insrsid9507677 with fifty-six lines}{\cf1\insrsid11032046 ,}{\cf1\insrsid9507677  though the first}{\cf1\insrsid11032046  two }{
\cf1\insrsid9507677 were written}{\cf1\insrsid15297897  very close together and }{\cf1\insrsid9507677 extended}{\cf1\insrsid15297897  to the outer edge of the folio, while the recto of folio 251 (the flesh side, unusually}{\cf1\insrsid7546017 
, in common with the recto of folios 247, 249}{\cf1\insrsid15297897 ) was partially ruled with horizontal lines, the outer column (folio 251b) with fifty-six lines (the first two also extending to the outer edge)}{\cf1\insrsid14947707 
 which were only continued across to the lower half of the inner column (folio 251a), making only thirty-one lines across the folio}{\cf1\insrsid12994843 ; both folios had only been pricked for frame-ruling}{\cf1\insrsid14947707 
. Folios 246-247, the other half of the bifolia containing folios 250-251 were not ruled}{\cf1\insrsid1473083 , which is unusual as ruling was normally done across the opened-out sheet}{\cf1\insrsid14947707 .}{\cf1\insrsid2372619  }{\cf1\insrsid7546017 
In the rest of circuit IV }{\cf1\insrsid2372619\charrsid9657757 Oxfordshire alone was ruled for 50-57 lines by leaf (}{\cf1\insrsid1473083 again not across the}{\cf1\insrsid2372619\charrsid9657757  full sheet), using ruling pattern 3, }{
\cf1\insrsid2372619 while }{\cf1\insrsid9657757\charrsid9657757 Warwickshire }{\cf1\insrsid4589053 was frame-ruled}{\cf1\insrsid2372619  like most of Staffordshire}{\cf1\insrsid14952379 ,}{\cf1\insrsid9657757\charrsid9657757  and
 Northamptonshire and three of the four sheets of Leicestershire were pricked for frame-ruling but the half-sheet in the former (folio 229) was then ruled with 52 horizontal lines. }{\insrsid9657757\charrsid9657757 
On the various ruling patterns used in Great Domesday, see \{Ruling Patterns\}}{\insrsid9657757 , and, on the further peculiarities in Leicestershire, see LEC \{Introduction: Circuit and Ruling Patterns\}}{\insrsid9657757\charrsid9657757 .}{
\cf1\insrsid9657757\charrsid9657757  
\par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9657757 \f2\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs24\insrsid9657757 \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9657757\charrsid9657757 
Although the order of writing up the first three circuits int
o Great Domesday is fairly certain (circuit VI, followed by circuits III and I) the order of the three remaining circuits is not so clear, although what little evidence there is suggests that circuit V was written fourth, then circuit IV and lastly circui
t II.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15358674  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15358674\charrsid15358674 
The appearance in Oxfordshire of ruling pattern 3, which is only otherwise found in Wiltshire and Dorset in circuit II, might point to circuit IV being written up after circuit II, although the other three counties in that circuit were }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9205263 largely }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15358674\charrsid15358674 frame-r
uled like four in circuit IV. However, the gradual increase in the number of lines actually written and the size of the writing in each of the circuits may be more of a factor in deciding on the order. In each of the quires containing the counties in circ
u
it VI there were 44 lines ruled and written, then in circuit III the same number of lines were ruled but an average of 50 lines a column were written, in circuit I the number of lines ruled was increased to 50 and these were mostly not exceeded, then in c
ircuit V no horizontal lines were ruled, but }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15415917 over 55 lines a column }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15358674\charrsid15358674 on average were written, while in circuit II over 13,000 lines of text were written in the 224 or so columns. In }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid794014 Oxfordshire in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15358674\charrsid15358674 circuit IV the scribe rarely kept to the 50-57 lines that had been ruled, regularly squeezing in more lines}{\f0\fs24\insrsid794014 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7546017 
 as he did on the ruled half-sheet in Northamptonshire.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid794014  while}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2372619  in Staffordshire }{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid2372619\charrsid2372619 
he ignored the ruled lines on folio 250, writing fifty-six lines (rather than fifty-five) on folio 250a, sixty on folio 250c (with a space equivalent to three or four lines between }{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid2372619 chapters 13 and 14) and }{
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid2372619\charrsid2372619 fifty-nine on folio 250d}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid2372619 ; folio 251, which was partially ruled, is blank}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid2372619\charrsid2372619 .}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid2372619 
 In the rest of Staffordshire and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid794014 in the other counties of that circuit he was free to write as many lines as he wished between the top and bottom rulings}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15358674\charrsid15358674 
; folio 249b in Staffordshire is exceptional, however, in having 70 lines of text. The scribe also generally left fewer and smaller spaces between the fiefs }{\f0\fs24\insrsid794014 in circuit IV }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15358674\charrsid15358674 
than he did in circuit V and the occasi
onal use of a new column for the lands of a major tenant-in-chief may have been accidental rather than deliberate (this had been his policy in circuit VI and circuit I). The circuit as a whole has an air of compression and this is not entirely due t}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15358674 o the number of large additions, though there were less in Staffordshire than in other counties in the circuit (see \{Introduction: Writing and Correction\}). For more o}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9657757\charrsid9657757 
n the order of inscription, see Thorn and Thorn, 'The Writing of Great Domesday Book', and Thorn, Thorn and Gullick, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9657757\charrsid9657757 The Scribal History of Great Domesday Book}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9657757\charrsid9657757 
 (forthcoming).}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9657757 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1733140 \tab As to the order in which the main scribe wrote the counties in circuit IV}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10637854 , }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10574093 there is very little evidence; e}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1733140\charrsid1733140 
ach county is contained within one quire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10637854  and the current}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1733140\charrsid1733140 
. The character of the writing in the Staffordshire folios resembles more closely that in the counties in circuit V, which might suggest that it was written first, immediately after them (or, if circuit IV preceded circuit V, written last).}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6561306  Other evidence might suggest that Warwickshire was written up before Staffordshire; see 12,22 entry note.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15358674 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14384877 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15471623 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid14384877 Layout and Content
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14384877 Circuit IV is unlike other cir}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9199439 cuits in that the arrangement within}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14384877  its fiefs is }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9199439 very largely }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14384877 
by land held in lordship and land subinfeudated, rather than by hundred or wapentake. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid815466 More fiefs in Staffordshire are laid out in this alternative way than by hundred; see \{Introduction: Circuit and Ruling Pattern\}
. However, the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid815466 Terra Regis}{\f0\fs24\insrsid815466  was arranged by }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid815466 T.R.E.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid815466  holder and the land of the king's thanes by tenant, while in some other fie}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid10574093 fs other principles were applied}{\f0\fs24\insrsid815466 ; the rationale behind }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15281372 the layout of each fief is discussed}{\f0\fs24\insrsid815466  in the leading notes to each. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2038209 

\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15281372 \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4074024 Staffordshire was written in one quire of three sheets or bifolia, rather than }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7748299 in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4074024 
the regular four-sheet quire, and even then the text did not fill them: the last folio (folio 251) is blank. Apart from after chapter 12 and to a lesser extent after chapter 2, only small spaces, if any}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9199439 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4074024 
 were left between fiefs. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15281372 As in most counties in Grea
t Domesday, the account of the principal city, the borough of Stafford, heads the county folios (folio 246a) with an account of the burgesses and messuages, including a list of the latter held by leading tenants-in-chief, and then, after a small space, th
e borough's dues in 1066 and in 1086 are detailed. The list of landholders was written towards the bottom of that first column with the land of the king starting at the top of folio 246b. The order of the fiefs }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6511061 
and their contents follow those}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15281372  of the Landholders' List until }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6511061 chapter 6 which lacks a chapter heading and only deals with the land of the canons of Stafford, not }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9199439 with }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6511061 that of the canons of Wolverhampton}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9199439  as well (as given in the List);}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6511061  these latter are detailed in chapter 7, as well as the land of Sam
son (who in the List is the only person said to hold in that chapter). Apart from that, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6511061\charrsid6511061 the main scribe of Great Domesday}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6511061  put the number }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6511061 VIII}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6511061  beside two}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4074024  successive}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6511061  chapters, making the numbering out by one for the next fief, before he omitted the number }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6511061 X}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4074024  
and brought the numbering}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6511061  back into line for chapter 11. The land of the king's thanes ends the account of Staffordshire as it does many other counties.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15281372\charrsid6511061 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14384877\charrsid815466 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16079291 {\f0\fs24\insrsid4074024 A typical }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5516206 manorial }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4074024 entry in Staffordshire is laid out thus:}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9657757 
\par }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9523807 \tab A}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9523807  (the 1086 tenant-in-chief) holds }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9523807 B}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9523807  (the place-name) [and }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9523807 C}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9523807  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13445078 
(the subtenant) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9523807 from him]. }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9523807 D}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9523807  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14576251 (the 1066 holder) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9523807 held it.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14576251 \'86}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9523807  }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9523807 e}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9523807  hides/virgates/carucates.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2826128 \'87}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9523807  Land for }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9523807 f}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9523807  ploughs. In lordship }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9523807 g}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9523807  ploughs; }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9523807 h}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14576251  slaves}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14829748 \'a7.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14576251  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14576251 k }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14576251\charrsid14576251 v}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9523807 illagers and }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14576251 l }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9523807 smallholders with/have}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14576251  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14576251 m}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9523807  ploughs.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1845415 *}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14576251  Resources include mills,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8026622 +}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14576251  meadow, woodland. Value before 1066, \'a3}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14576251 n}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14576251 /}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14576251 n}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14576251 s; now \'a3}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14576251 p}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14576251 /}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14576251 p}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14576251\charrsid14576251 s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11554289  [Value was and is ...}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1916705  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11554289 ]}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14576251\charrsid14576251 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11554289 \'b1}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14576251  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4074024 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13445078\charrsid14576251 
\par }{\f0\insrsid14576251 \'86 }{\f0\insrsid12398965  }{\f0\insrsid14576251 In chapter 8 (the fief of Earl Roger) the 1066 holder}{\f0\insrsid13445078  (where provided)}{\f0\insrsid14576251  is }{\f0\insrsid10574093 entered at the end in all }{
\f0\insrsid14576251 the entries}{\f0\insrsid13445078 
 from 8,13 on, often with the information that he was free/a free man. He is also entered at the end twice in chapter 10, twice in chapter 11, once in chapter 16, and in 12,22-29 (often with the information 'with full jurisdiction'). }{\f0\insrsid1845415 
Whether the 1066}{\f0\insrsid10574093  holder}{\f0\insrsid1845415  was free is also mentioned in some other entries, notably in chapters 11 and 13 and some of chapter 17.}{\f0\insrsid4074024 
\par }{\f0\insrsid2826128 \'87 }{\f0\insrsid12398965  }{\f0\insrsid2826128 An alternative layout of the beginning}{\f0\insrsid11870411  of an entry, which occurs in chapter 5, most of chapters 7 and 12, three times in chapter 13, once in chapte
r 14, twice in chapter 16 and five times in chapter 17, is '}{\i\f0\insrsid11870411 A}{\f0\insrsid11870411  holds }{\i\f0\insrsid11870411 e}{\f0\insrsid11870411  hides/virgates/carucates}{\i\f0\insrsid11870411  }{\f0\insrsid11870411 in }{
\i\f0\insrsid11870411 B}{\f0\insrsid11870411 ' or '}{\i\f0\insrsid1845415\charrsid1845415 A}{\f0\insrsid1845415  holds in }{\i\f0\insrsid1845415 B}{\f0\insrsid1845415  }{\i\f0\insrsid1845415 e}{\f0\insrsid1845415  hides/virgates/carucates' or 'In }{
\i\f0\insrsid1845415 B}{\f0\insrsid1845415 , }{\i\f0\insrsid1845415 A}{\f0\insrsid11870411  }{\f0\insrsid1845415  has/have }{\i\f0\insrsid1845415 e}{\f0\insrsid1845415  hides/virgates/carucates.}{\f0\insrsid2826128 
\par }{\f0\insrsid14829748 \'a7}{\f0\insrsid12398965  }{\f0\insrsid14829748  Slaves are sometimes listed among the villagers, smallhol
ders etc. and appear to share their ploughs; most of the occurrences are in the fief of Robert of Stafford (STS 11). Once they seem to be part of the resources (14,2 slave note).
\par }{\f0\insrsid1845415 * }{\f0\insrsid12398965  }{\f0\insrsid1845415 Priests }{\f0\insrsid8663404 (generally one per entry) are recorded as sharing the ploughs with
 the villagers and smallholders in some twenty-three entries, though in 1,8 a priest and a free man have 2 ploughs, but the plough held by the villagers and smallholders is entered separately}{\f0\insrsid2765648 .}{\f0\insrsid5841050  Free men }{
\f0\insrsid9132522 occur in nine entries, all but twice sharing t}{\f0\insrsid8535993 he ploughs with the villagers and smallhold}{\f0\insrsid9132522 ers}{\f0\insrsid8535993 '. }{\f0\insrsid10686475 
Also listed among the population are a reeve (1,7), 2 servants (12,17), burgesses (1,9;30. 8,9), canons (2,16), men-at-arms (7,13. 8,5;7}{\f0\insrsid9652047 . 11,6}{\f0\insrsid10686475 ) and E}{\f0\insrsid16128314 nglishmen (8,7}{\f0\insrsid9132522 ,}{
\f0\insrsid16128314  and perhaps 9,1}{\f0\insrsid10686475 , though, like in the other occurrences, they may be tenants}{\f0\insrsid9132522  there}{\f0\insrsid10686475 ).}{\f0\insrsid8663404  }{\f0\insrsid1845415 
\par }{\f0\insrsid4679798 + }{\f0\insrsid12398965  }{\f0\insrsid4679798 Generally 1}{\f0\insrsid8026622  mill per entry with a money render (an eel render too in 1,24), listed before the other resources; see 1,1 mill note.}{\f0\insrsid4679798 
 Two fisheries are recorded}{\f0\insrsid10574093  and a spinney}{\f0\insrsid14829748 ,}{\f0\insrsid10574093  }{\f0\insrsid14829748 a copse (11,15 copse note) and an alder-grove }{\f0\insrsid10574093 once}{\f0\insrsid4679798 .}{\f0\insrsid8026622  }{
\f0\insrsid11554289 On pasturable woodland, see 7,7 woodland note, and on the single occurrence of pasture, see 12,30 pasture note.}{\f0\insrsid13376060  Arable land is also mentioned once in 10,3.}{\f0\insrsid8026622 
\par }{\f0\insrsid11554289 \'b1 }{\f0\insrsid12398965  }{\f0\insrsid11554289 In a surprisingly large number of entries only the 1086 value is given, even for important manors such as }{\f0\insrsid16068956 
Eccleshall (2,10) and Bradley (11,6). Thus, no 1066 values are given in the fiefs of Saint-Remy's Church, the clergy of Wolverhampton, Henry of Ferrers, Robert of Stafford , Richard the forester, Reginald of Bailleul and the land of 
the king's thanes  (STS 5, 7, 10-11, 13-14, 17) and for most of Earl Roger's fief (STS 8) and for the two added entries in Nigel of Stafford's fief (16,2-3).}{\f0\insrsid11554289   
\par 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12150123 Holdings that are described as waste in 1086, the largest number of which occur at the end of the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12150123 Terra Regis}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12150123 
 (1,33-64), have only the briefest of details provided, generally just the assessment (either in the form of so many hides, virgates or carucates or as 'land for }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12150123 n}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12150123  ploughs'; see }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid10574093 STS 1 king note}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7560184 ) and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5516206 often }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7560184 the 1066 holder.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5516206  In only one instance was the l}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10574093 an}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5516206 d waste before as well as in 1086, and that entry is unusual in providing almost full manorial resources; see 8,18 waste note. Sometimes an estate wa
s 'waste' because its land had been taken into the king's forest, as in 7,6 and 12,3.
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6372185 \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3802879 Apart from half of the church of Stoke-upon-Trent being mentioned in the entry for Caverswall (11,36 Stoke note), t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6372185 here are no references to churches}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2164244  other than as landholders}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6372185 , as }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3802879 also }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6372185 in Domesday Warwickshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10834881 . This lack of a record }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6372185 of churches}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid10834881  is a feature of c}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6372185 ircuit IV,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10834881  there being}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6372185  only one reference }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10834881 
in Oxfordshire, two in Northamptonshire and six in Leicestershire.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2768961  There were certainly churches in Staffordshire in 1086 (see 1,21 Leek note, for example), so i}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7748299 t seems that}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2768961 
 here and in the rest of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7748299  circuit}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2768961  IV references to}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7748299  'a priest' stands for 'a church'.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6372185 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14352600 \tab Very few additional details are recorded in Staffordshire, such as claims or }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2301036 information on land abstracted or added to the manor, which occur in some other Domesday counties. }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1778126 For the few claims, see 8,5. 12,1. 16,1.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14352600 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5516206 
\par The members of a manor, sometimes described as outliers, were generally recorded within the manorial entry after the value; sometimes (as in 1,7}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13376060 . 2,22. 11,6}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5516206 
) combined details of the population and resources }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1778126 were given}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13376060 
, though often the members were merely said to be waste (as in 2,11;16). Holdings said to 'belong to' a manor are usually recorded after that manor (as in
 2,6-8), though occasionally they are separated from it by several other entries as in the case of Rickerscote (11,67) which }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13376060\charrsid7748299 was an adjunct of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7748299  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13376060 Bradley (11,6).}
{\f0\fs24\insrsid11554289\charrsid12150123 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4074024 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15471623 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid4074024 Writing and Correction}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4074024 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7748299 Staffordshire was written using}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7219550  one quire of three sheets or bifolia, that is six folios (folios 246-251}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3614913  inclusive}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7219550 
), rather than the regular four-sheet quire, and even then the text did not fill them: the last folio is blank.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7748299  Only small spaces, if any, were left between fiefs, a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7219550 
part from after chapter 12 (see 12,29 after note) and to a lesser extent after chapter 2}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7748299 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7219550  This was in common with the rest of circuit IV.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3614913  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4074024 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7219550 \tab The existence of a circuit volume for circuit IV, which would have been used by the main scribe of Great Domesday as his primary s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10640112 ource, seems almost certain. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3614913 
There are very many}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10640112\charrsid10640112  signs that this circuit volume was arranged by fief and then by county within each fief (followed by hundred or wapentake), as was }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10640112 the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10640112 
Liber Exoniensis}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10640112\charrsid10640112 , the circuit volume and direct predecesso
r of circuit II which contains the five south-west counties in Great Domesday. The clearest proof of this is the inclusion in circuit IV of no less than 28 estates in the wrong county, far more than in any other circuit. Many of the tenants in this circui
t held in several counties and the main scribe of Great Domesday may have failed to see some of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3614913  the county heads within a fief, while}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10640112\charrsid10640112  occasionally a head may even have been missing}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3614913 ; compare SOM 8 Glastonbury note}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10640112\charrsid10640112 . Where a tenant held only one or two estates
 in a county but had a number in other counties in the circuit, the possibility increases of such an omission or of the Great Domesday scribe}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7748299 's}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10640112\charrsid10640112 
 failing to take note of a heading; see, for example, WAR 3,6 Spelsbury note and NTH 46,7 Whichford note}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7748299 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10640112\charrsid10640112  and com
pare NTH 16,1 entry note. Sometimes fief-holders themselves may have been responsible by not making it clear in which county their estates lay or by including some in the wrong county; see NTH 36,3 entry note and WAR 27,6 entry note. Another indication of
 the existence of a circuit volume for circuit IV is that details of some individual estates only make sense if entries, now scattered within a county or fief in Great Domesday, were once together; see NTH 18,8 Heyford note and OXF 9,10 Arncott note.}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid7219550\charrsid10640112 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3089745 {\f0\fs24\insrsid10640112 \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2637964 The }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10640112 Staffordshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2637964  folios contain}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid10640112  two entries, both unrubricated later additions, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2637964 
neither of which should have been written there. The first is for Sibford Gower in Oxfordshire and the second is a duplicate of an entry for Drayton that had already been entered c
orrectly in the Oxfordshire folios, as had other holdings in both places, though }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9974167 Sibford}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8338230  Gower}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9974167 
 is also among a group of Oxfordshire places entered erroneously in the Northamptonshire folios (NTH 23,19). See 12,30 entry note and 12,31 entry note.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8338230  The nine Staffordshire estat}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3953703 
es that the main scribe included}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8338230  in}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3953703  the folios of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8338230  Warw}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8338230\charrsid7748299 ickshire and Northamptonshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3953703\charrsid7748299 
 are listed in \{Introduction: Places}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3614913\charrsid7748299  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7748299\charrsid7748299 Entered}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3953703\charrsid7748299  in the Wrong }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3614913\charrsid7748299 Domesday }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid7748299\charrsid7748299 County}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3953703\charrsid7748299 \}.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8520221 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12603769 \tab Circuit IV a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7369324 s a whole was the object of a good deal of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12603769  correction and addition by the main scribe of Great Domesday and by scribe B, although not as much as circuit VI}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid7369324  or circuit V}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12603769  when the number of lines written and of words per line are taken into account.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7369324  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10190535 However, t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7369324 
he additions in it include up to twenty-five chapters, far}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10190535  more than in any other circuit. T}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7369324 
his may be linked to the arrangement of the putative circuit volume by fief and then county, which would have made it easy to miss a tenant-in-chief's land}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7755742 s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7369324  in one coun}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3614913 
ty if there were only a few or if }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7369324 the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3614913  county heading was unclear or even }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7369324 omitted}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7755742 
 or if the holdings of some individuals (minor Frenchmen, for example) were in composite chapters and had to be separated out}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7369324 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10190535 
 Checking through the circuit volume would reveal these omissions, as it would have of
 the similar number of individual entries that had been omitted. In Staffordshire the main scribe added three fiefs (assuming that the single holdings of William son of Corbucion and of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1916705 "}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10190535 Turstin}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1916705 "}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10190535  [Thorkil] were }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3614913 single-entry }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10190535 fiefs): two after the county had
 been rubricated (see 12,30 entry note and 12,31 entry note) and one before that and mostly over erasure (see STS 14 chapter note). He also added two entries, which were also unrubricated; see 16,2 entry note. Scribe B added a brief entry}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9138706  for the unidentified "Hocintune"; see 7,11 entry note. Apart from these, the main scribe's corrections covered all }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12473497 the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9138706 
regular categories of information in an entry, though he did not add or correct any hundred heads. Scribe B made eight contributions}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6051570 , mostly on the size of the holding; see 2,11 land note.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid727187 
 However, neither scribe was able to fill any of the gaps left by the main scribe for missing hidage}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13446810 s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid727187  (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4748978 2,3 hides note), plough estimates}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7237767 
 (1,7 land note)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid146452 , villager}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13446810 s' ploughs (4,6 villagers note)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13396813 , resources (7,15 [***] note)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13446810  or hundred heads (1,7 hundred note)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6579167 
; for spaces perhaps left for other resources, see 1,8 after note}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13446810 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5980262  These omissions were signalled by the main scribe with an }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5980262 r}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5980262 
 written in the margin on }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13396813 two occasions (once in red}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5980262 , so }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12473497 it was }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5980262 done when he was rubricating there) and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3614913 with }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5980262 a longer phrase once; see 2,3 hides note.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2766652 
 Apart from the additions and corrections made after the initial writing of the Staffordshire folios, the main scribe made numerous others immediately while writing an en
try, caused no doubt by haste as well as probably by his source being either hard to read or confused. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9138706  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10190535  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12603769 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15471623\charrsid68186 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid10564705 Places }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid3614913\charrsid12473497 E}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid12473497\charrsid12473497 ntered}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10564705\charrsid12473497  }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid10564705\charrsid12473497 in the Wrong }{
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid12473497\charrsid12473497 Domesday}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10564705  }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid10564705 C}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid12473497 ounty}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid3961055 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid3961055 A number of places that must have l}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14948306 ain in Staffordshire in 1086 were}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid3961055  included}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14948306 
 by the main scribe of Great Domesday in the folios of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid3961055  other counties. Conversely, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14948306 he included }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid3961055 two places that lay}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14948306 
 in Oxfordshire in 1086}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  in the Staffordhire folios.
\par \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7371201 Chillington, geographically a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6561306  part of Staffordshire, was entered}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7371201 
 in the folios for Warwickshire (WAR 28,19) yet under the correct heading for its Stafford}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6561306 shire hundred, Cuttlestone, as wa}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7371201 s a duplicate entry for Essingto}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8327535 n (WA}
{\f0\fs24\insrsid8327535\charrsid12473497 R 27,6), which }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6561306\charrsid12473497 mainly }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8327535\charrsid12473497  differ}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid12473497 s from the Staffordshire entry (12,22) in }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6561306\charrsid12473497 excluding }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid12473497 the detail that Countess Godiva held it }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid12473497 T.R.E.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid12473497 
. Lapley, Marston and West Bromwich are found in the Northamptonshire folios (NTH 16,1-2.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12473497\charrsid12473497  36,3}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid12473497 
), the first of them also under a Cuttlestone hundred head. On the boundary }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7348614\charrsid12473497 between Staffordshire and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid12473497 Shropshire, eight }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12473497\charrsid12473497 
Staffordshire }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid12473497 manors were taken into Shropshire by the beginning of the twelfth century. Of these, Claverley, Kingsnordley, Alveley and Worfield appear}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7348614\charrsid12473497  correctly}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid12473497  in the Staffordshire folios }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7348614\charrsid12473497 (8,1-3. 9,1), but}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid12473497  Quatt, Romsley, Rudge and Shipley}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7348614\charrsid12473497  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12473497\charrsid12473497 are entered}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7371201  in those for Warwickshire (WAR 12,8-11).}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7371201 
These latter four are not contiguous to Warwickshire and are geographically intermingled with the four manors mentione}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11755309 d in the Staffordshire Domesday}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7371201 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7371201 It seems probable that these four - Quatt, Romsley, Rudge and Shipley - like the other Staffordshire manors listed in Wa}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7348614 rwickshire and Northamptonshire -}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7371201  were wrongly included in these counties because the Domesday material was incorrectly sorted at a time when it was arranged by fief and, within each fief, by county, the reverse of what it was to become}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11755309 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7371201 This is the format of the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7371201 Liber Exoniensis}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7371201 
, the immediate predecessor of Great Domesday for the five south-western counties.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7371201 It is possible that other 'circuit' vo
lumes (whose existence is assumed but not proved) had a similar arrangement.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7371201 
It is also possible that in some of these circuit volumes county headings were sometimes omitted, as hundred heads were in Domesday.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7371201 In the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7371201 
Liber Exoniensis}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7371201 , for example, the Somersetshire lands of Glastonbury Abbey at first followed its one holding in Devon without a proper heading, though ther}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid12473497 
e is a later marginal addition}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7348614\charrsid12473497 ; see SOM 8 Glastonbury note}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid12473497 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8327535\charrsid12473497  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11755309\charrsid12473497 See \{
Introduction: Circuit and Ruling Pattern\} and \{Introduction: Writing and Correction\}. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid12473497 Similar misdivisions of material}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11755309\charrsid12473497 
 or faulty editing by the main scribe of Great Domesday }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid12473497 appear to have}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11755309\charrsid12473497  led to }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid12473497 Oxfordshire manors }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11755309\charrsid12473497 being entered }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid12473497 in}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11755309\charrsid12473497  the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid12473497  Northamptonshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11755309\charrsid12473497 
 folios}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid12473497 , and Dorset manors in}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11755309\charrsid12473497  those for}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid12473497  Wiltshire, and is probably the explanation for the presence of the Oxford}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7371201 shire manors of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7371201 Sibford Gower and Drayton (12,30-31)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8327535  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7371201 
in the Staffordshire folios. The cases that affect Staffordshire are tabulated below.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11356810\charrsid3961055 
\par }\trowd \irow0\irowband0\ts15\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkborder\tbllkshading\tbllkfont\tbllkcolor\tbllkbestfit\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 
\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3168\clshdrawnil \cellx3060\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2736\clshdrawnil 
\cellx5796\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2952\clshdrawnil \cellx8748\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl
\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid3089745\yts15 \f2\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid3961055 Place\cell Hundred \cell Holder\cell }\pard\plain 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid5771126\charrsid3961055 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\ts15\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkborder\tbllkshading\tbllkfont\tbllkcolor\tbllkbestfit\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 
\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3168\clshdrawnil \cellx3060\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2736\clshdrawnil 
\cellx5796\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2952\clshdrawnil \cellx8748\row }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl
\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid3089745\yts15 \f2\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\f0\insrsid5771126\charrsid3961055 Properly in Staffordshire in 1086
\par 
\par NTH 16,1 Lapley
\par NTH 16,2 Marston
\par NTH}{\f0\insrsid2424972  36,3}{\f0\insrsid5771126\charrsid3961055 [West] Bromwich}{\f0\insrsid15336656 \'86}{\f0\insrsid5771126\charrsid3961055 
\par 
\par WAR 12,8 Quatt
\par WAR 12,9 Romsley
\par WAR 12,10 Rudge
\par WAR 12,11 Shipley
\par }{\f0\insrsid6507892 WAR 27,6 Essington\'87 }{\f0\insrsid5771126\charrsid3961055 
\par WAR 28,19 Chilling}{\f0\highlight16\insrsid15560138\charrsid15560138 t}{\f0\insrsid5771126\charrsid3961055 on\cell 
\par 
\par Cuttlestone Hundred
\par [Cuttlestone Hundred]
\par [Offlow Hundred]
\par 
\par [Seisdon Hundred]
\par [Seisdon Hundred]
\par [Seisdon Hundred]
\par [Seisdon Hundred]
\par Cuttlestone Hundred
\par Cuttlestone Hundred\cell 
\par 
\par }{\f0\insrsid11356810 St R\'e9}{\f0\insrsid5771126\charrsid3961055 my}{\f0\insrsid11356810 's}{\f0\insrsid5771126\charrsid3961055  of Rheims
\par }{\f0\insrsid11356810 St R\'e9}{\f0\insrsid5771126\charrsid3961055 my}{\f0\insrsid11356810 's}{\f0\insrsid5771126\charrsid3961055  of Rheims
\par William son of Ansculf
\par 
\par Earl Roger [of Shrewsbury]
\par Earl Roger [of Shrewsbury]
\par Earl Roger [of Shrewsbury]
\par Earl Roger [of Shrewsbury]
\par William son of Ansculf
\par William son of Corbucion\cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid5771126\charrsid3961055 \trowd \irow1\irowband1\ts15\trgaph108\trleft-108
\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkborder\tbllkshading\tbllkfont\tbllkcolor\tbllkbestfit\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 
\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3168\clshdrawnil \cellx3060\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2736\clshdrawnil 
\cellx5796\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2952\clshdrawnil \cellx8748\row }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl
\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid3089745\yts15 \f2\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\f0\insrsid5771126\charrsid2424972 Properly in Oxfordshire in 1086
\par 
\par STS 12,30 Sibford [Gower]
\par STS 12,31 Drayton\cell 
\par 
\par }{\f0\insrsid8327535\charrsid2424972 [Bloxham Hundred]}{\f0\insrsid5771126\charrsid2424972 
\par }{\f0\insrsid8327535\charrsid2424972 [Bloxham Hundred]}{\f0\insrsid5771126\charrsid2424972 \cell 
\par 
\par }{\f0\insrsid8327535\charrsid2424972 William son of Corbucion}{\f0\insrsid5771126\charrsid2424972 
\par }{\f0\insrsid1916705 "}{\f0\insrsid15560138\charrsid2424972 Turstin}{\f0\insrsid1916705 "}{\f0\insrsid15560138\charrsid2424972  [Thorki}{\f0\insrsid8327535\charrsid2424972 l]}{\f0\insrsid5771126\charrsid2424972 \cell }\pard\plain 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid5771126\charrsid2424972 \trowd \irow2\irowband2\lastrow \ts15\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkborder\tbllkshading\tbllkfont\tbllkcolor\tbllkbestfit\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 
\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3168\clshdrawnil \cellx3060\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2736\clshdrawnil 
\cellx5796\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2952\clshdrawnil \cellx8748\row }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar
\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3089745 \f2\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\f0\insrsid15336656\charrsid2424972 \'86 This is succeeded by an entry for Over, which was in Warwickshire in 1086}{
\f0\insrsid15336656  
\par }{\f0\insrsid6507892 \'87 Duplicated in }{\f0\insrsid15336656 STS 12,22}{\f0\insrsid5771126 
\par }{\f0\fs24\highlight16\insrsid5771126\charrsid3961055 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7371201 In a number of inst}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15471623 ances of estates entered in the wrong county}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15336656\charrsid15471623  folios}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15471623 
, it is significant that all the lands that a particular fief-holder held in one county are omitted}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15336656\charrsid15471623  from it but recorded}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15471623 
 in another. In the case of Staffordshire this only applies to Chillington,William son of Corbucion being a landholder in Warwickshire but not entered among the Staffordshire tenants-in-chief.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15336656\charrsid15471623  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15471623 On the other hand, the same William }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15471623\charrsid15471623 son of Corbucion}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15336656\charrsid15471623 , who he}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15471623\charrsid15471623 
ld an Oxfordshire place}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15471623  - Sibford Gower}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15471623\charrsid15471623  - which is}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15336656\charrsid15471623  entered }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15471623 
in the Staffordshire folios, but }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15471623\charrsid15471623 does not}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15471623  belong}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7371201  to this county, do}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15471623 es}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7371201 
 not feature as}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15471623  a tenant}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7371201 -in-chief in the Oxfordshire folios}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15471623 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
\par }{\f0\fs24\highlight16\insrsid5771126 
\par }{\f0\fs24\highlight16\insrsid15471623 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid11619936 Hu}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid8327535 ndred}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid5845073  Heads
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3289174 The hundredal}{\f0\fs24\insrsid798271  rubrication in Staffordshire as in many other counties is deficient}{\f0\fs24\insrsid798271\charrsid5439709 
: it seems probable that to the thirty-six hundred heads, correct or incorrect, that are present in the manuscript, should be added at least a further forty-three, thirteen of them in the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid798271\charrsid5439709 Terra Regis}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid798271 ; see \{Introduction: Identifying and Reconstructing the Hundreds\}.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid798271 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid15471623\charrsid5845073 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 Standard Order of Hundreds
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7698874 In many counties in each fief the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8327535 main }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7698874 scribe of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8327535 Great }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1467910 Domesday}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3289174 
 grouped}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7698874  together all the estates that belong}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3289174 ed}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7698874  to a particular hundred before passing
 on to any other hundred, and in many fiefs these hundreds occur in the same order. This phenomenon was first systematically studied by Sawyer, ' "Original Returns" and Domesday Book', pp. 177-97.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7698874 In such cases, restoration of missing hundred heads is a comparatively easy matter.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7698874 
In Staffordshire, however, the same hundred name can occur more than once in a fief, especially when headings are restored, and there }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10444033 are few signs}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7698874 
 of any standard sequence in the succession of hundreds}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1467910 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7698874  Sawyer, '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3289174  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7698874 "Original Returns" and Domesday Book', p. 181}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3289174 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7698874  sees signs of a regular sequence in Staffordshire but this is denied by }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7698874 VCH Staffordshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7698874 , iv. p. 2.

\par \tab If}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8327535 , in what appears to be the best-matching sequence,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7698874  the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8327535  hundreds are allocated numbers}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3289174  - }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7698874 1: Pirehill; 2}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3289174 :}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7698874  Totmonslow; 3}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3289174 :}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7698874  Sei}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3289174 
sdon; 4: Offlow; 5: Cuttlestone -}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7698874  then the sequence in each fief}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16455085\charrsid1467910 (including restor}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1467910 ed and corrected hundred heads}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16455085\charrsid1467910 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16455085  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7698874 can be laid out as follows. The double slash indicates}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1467910  where land in lordship ends and subinfeudations begin, in }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2951454\charrsid2034586 those }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1467910\charrsid2034586 fiefs }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2951454\charrsid2034586 that are }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1467910\charrsid2034586 arranged in this way. A single slash indicates }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1206192\charrsid2034586 some other}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid2034586  obvious break}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9977325\charrsid2034586 , }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10444033 as for example}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7367993 ,}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9977325\charrsid2034586  from one holder to another. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1467910\charrsid2034586 T}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid2034586 he detail is explored }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3289174\charrsid2034586 in the leading note}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid2034586  to each fief.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7698874 
\par }{\f0\fs24\highlight16\insrsid5771126 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7678094 \tab Chapter 1: }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1204045  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7678094 3. 4. 5. 1. 4.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1204045  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7678094 / 4. 1. 2. 4. 2. 5. 2. 5. 4. 3. 4. }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid10444033 /}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7678094 1. 2.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9977325\charrsid2034586 +}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7678094 
\par \tab Chapter 2:}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1204045  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7678094 5. 1. 2. 4. 1. 4.
\par \tab Chapter 3:}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1204045  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7678094 3.
\par \tab Chapter 4:}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1204045  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 4. 1. 2. 5.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid723943 \'86}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7678094 
\par \tab Chapter 5:}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1204045  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 1. 4.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7678094 
\par \tab Chapter 6:}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1204045  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 1.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7678094 
\par \tab Chapter 7:}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1204045  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 3. 4. 5.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid723943 \'86}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7678094 
\par \tab Chapter 8:}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1204045  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 3.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1204045  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 // }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4616759 (uncertain). }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 5. 1.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1204045  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9977325\charrsid2783100 /}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid2783100  5. 1. 4. 2.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11696717\charrsid2783100  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9977325\charrsid2783100 /}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid2783100  1. 4.}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11696717\charrsid2783100  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9977325\charrsid2783100 /}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9977325  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 1. 2. 4}{\f0\fs24\insrsid723943 \'87}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7678094 
\par \tab Chapter 9:}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1204045  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 3.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7678094  
\par \tab Chapter 10:}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1204045  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  4. 1.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11696717  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 4.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7678094 
\par \tab Chapter 11: }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1204045  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 1. 2. 5.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11696717  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 // 1. 2. 3. 4. 5}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7678094 
\par \tab Chapter 12:}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1204045  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 3. 5. 4.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2783100 \'a7}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11696717  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7678094 
\par \tab Chapter 13:}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1204045  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 1. 5.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid723943 \'86}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7678094 
\par \tab Chapter 14:}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1204045  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 5. 1.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7678094 
\par \tab Chapter 15:}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1204045  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 2.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7678094 
\par \tab Chapter 16:}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4547970  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 4. 2. 1.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7678094 
\par \tab Chapter 17:}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4547970  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 3. 5.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1206192  1. 5. 2.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  5. 1.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10444033 #}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1206192  }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 

\par }{\f0\highlight5\insrsid9977325 
\par }{\f0\insrsid9977325\charrsid2034586 +}{\f0\insrsid2783100  }{\f0\insrsid9977325\charrsid2034586 The division in this fief is between lands held or assumed to hav}{\f0\insrsid10444033 e been held by King Edward, }{\f0\insrsid9977325\charrsid2034586 
lands held by earls, mostly by Earl Algar}{\f0\insrsid2034586  }{\f0\insrsid10444033 and a group of waste lands that had been held by a variety of holders }{\f0\insrsid9977325\charrsid2034586 
\par }{\f0\insrsid723943 \'86}{\f0\insrsid2783100  }{\f0\insrsid9977325\charrsid723943 In chapters 4, 7 and 13 land held in lordship and land subinfeudated is intermixed
\par }{\f0\insrsid723943 \'87}{\f0\insrsid2783100  }{\f0\insrsid9977325\charrsid723943 The bulk of the chapter consists of subinfeudations which are arranged in groups according to their tenant, with the hundre}{\f0\insrsid2783100 
ds subordinate to that division; }{\f0\insrsid2783100\charrsid10444033 see STS 8 Roger note}{\f0\insrsid9977325\charrsid723943 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9977325 {\f0\insrsid2783100\charrsid2783100 \'a7}{\f0\insrsid2783100 
 This ignores the added entries 12,30-31 which were wrongly numbered as part of chapter 12 in the Phillimore printed edition}{\f0\insrsid2783100\charrsid2783100 
\par }{\f0\insrsid10444033 #}{\f0\insrsid2783100  }{\f0\insrsid9977325\charrsid2783100 Lands in this chapter are entered mostly }{\f0\insrsid7367993 by holder and partly by hundred}{\f0\insrsid9977325\charrsid9977325 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3089745 {\f0\insrsid9977325\charrsid9977325 
\par }{\f0\insrsid16591343\charrsid2783100 It should be noted that in chapters }{\f0\insrsid1902183\charrsid2783100 8, }{\f0\insrsid16591343\charrsid2783100 10, 12, 14}{\f0\cf11\insrsid1902183\charrsid2783100 ,}{\f0\insrsid4547970\charrsid2783100  }{
\f0\insrsid16591343\charrsid2783100 the fief-holders' largest or most important manor i}{\f0\insrsid1902183\charrsid2783100 s placed first. In chapters 8,}{\f0\insrsid4547970\charrsid2783100  10}{\f0\insrsid1902183\charrsid2783100 , 14}{
\f0\insrsid12675256\charrsid2783100  }{\f0\insrsid4547970\charrsid2783100 this affects the sequence o}{\f0\insrsid16591343\charrsid2783100 f hundreds.
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid16591343 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid1902183 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid5845073 Order of Vills
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid5464266 In shires w}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 here the order of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid5464266 hundreds }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 or wapentakes }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid5464266 
appears to be standard in the majority of fiefs, and a number of vills contain more than one estate which appear in different chapters in Domesday, it would be expected that the names of vills would appear in a similar order. Thi}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
s is because both the hundreds}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3230235  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3230235\charrsid1206192 or wapentakes}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid5464266  and their constituent vi}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3230235 lls appeared in a territorially-}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid5464266 arranged schedule before being converted to feudal form. A number of counties illustrate this clearly. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
\par \tab There are vestiges of a standard order of hundreds in Staffordshire (see \{Introduction: Standard Order of Hundreds\}), but there is far more }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1206192 disorder than order}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1206192\charrsid1206192 
, partly}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12913827\charrsid1206192  because}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1206192\charrsid1206192  different ways of arranging material take precedence}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
. This being so, parts of vills being entered in the same order in different fief}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12913827 s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  is unlikely to occur. In the ca}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1206192 se of Staffordshire, most vills}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
 are undi}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12913827 vided and thus only appear once;}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  moreover}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12913827 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1206192 where 
a vill is divided and its parts appear in different fiefs, these fiefs do not contain the parts of other divided}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  vills that}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1206192  might otherwise be put in a sequence}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
. Nonetheless, the parts of Tettenhall (1,2. 7,5) and of Willenhall (1,10. 7,8) appear in the same relative order}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1206192 , thoug}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1206192\charrsid1206192 h Penkridge (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6910128\charrsid1206192 1,7. 7,17 }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1206192\charrsid1206192 ) does not}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16070748 . Likewise, p}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1206192 arts of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  Meaford (5,1. 8,24}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8327535 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16070748  and}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
 Hamstall Ridware (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid16070748 5,2. 8,26)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16070748\charrsid16070748  share the same relative order, as do}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1206192\charrsid16070748  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6910128\charrsid16070748 
Colton (8,15. 11,29) and Tixall (8,23. 11,31) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16070748\charrsid16070748 and}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13913411\charrsid16070748  also Cannock (1,25. 17,5) and Cheadle (1,57. 11,42. 17,19)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16070748\charrsid16070748 
 if the estate in 17,19 is correctly identified}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 . On the other hand, the other parts of Milwich (1,41), Hilderstone (1,44) Aston-by-Stone (1,47) and Cheadle (1,57) appear in the order 11,30;27;9;23;42. }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid5464266 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid16070748\charrsid5845073 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid5845073 Duplicate Entries }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11560656\charrsid11560656 The following appear to be duplicates or pa}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11560656 rtial duplicates of one another:}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11560656 \tab Part of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6251704 Milwich (1,41) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6251704\charrsid16070748 might be duplicated in}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11560656\charrsid16070748  11,30; see 1,41 Milwich note.
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6251704\charrsid16070748 \tab Part of Hilderstone (1,44) might be duplicated in}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11560656\charrsid16070748  11,27; see 1,44 Hilderstone note.
\par \tab Packin}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6251704\charrsid16070748 gton (2,16) may}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6251704  be duplicated in}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11560656  2,22.
\par \tab Essington (12,22) is }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6251704 a duplicate of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11560656  WAR 27,6.
\par \tab Drayton (12,31) which was in Oxfordshire in 1086 is a duplicate of OXF 57,1.
\par 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9444078\charrsid11560656 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid5845073 SPECIAL FEATURES}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
\par Boroughs
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid6958713 According to the usual indicators, there were three boro}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 u}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid6958713 ghs in Staffordshire in 1086}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
: Stafford itself, Tamworth and Tutbury. Stafford (B1-12. 6,1) was the county town, which probably owed its existence to the construction there of a fortified }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid6958713 burh}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
 in 913 by Aethelflaed; see \{Introduction: History\}. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8327535 By 1086 it was an important place}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
 with 36 burgesses, 162 messuages (52 of them unoccupied) and also, like other Domesday boroughs, with an agricultural element represented by}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15991958  4}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  villagers, 8 smallholders, and 4}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3107300 
 slaves}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15991958  (6,1)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3107300 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15991958  (It is assumed that the mention of Stafford in 4,1 with 9 villagers is an error for Burton-upon-Trent.)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3107300  A number of major land}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 holders had interests there}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8327535  (B2-9)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 , }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8327535 but the borough was in the king}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
's hands, though he was sharing its revenue with Robert of Stafford. There was an important collegiate church there, not mentioned in Domesday, but implied by the presence of 13 canons; see B1 borough note.
\par \tab Tamworth was also}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15991958  a }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15991958 burh}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3107300  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 constructed}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15991958  by Aethelflaed}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
 in the same year as that at Stafford, but it had an important earlier history. It had been the centre of Mercia and the site of the palace of its kings}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3107300 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  a number of whom were buried there}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3107300 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  and where several royal councils were held; see 1,9 Tamworth note. By 1086, it was awkwardly bisected by the Staffordshire-Warwickshire boundary and was not }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15991958 the }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 subject }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15991958 of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  a full survey; it is only mentioned incidentally in connection with}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15991958  Wigginton}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
 and Drayton Bassett (STS 1,9;30) and Coleshill (WAR 1,5) where it is said that }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11731048\charrsid15991958 a total of 2}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3107300\charrsid15991958 2}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15991958  burgesses}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11731048  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 in Tamworth belong to these estates.
\par \tab The earliest beginnings of the borough of Tutbury (10,1) are recorded in Domesday where it is said that 'in the borough around the castle are 42 men who live only by their trading'. Since the castle was }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8327535 apparently }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 a Norman construction, this borough will have been established after 1066}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8327535 ; see 10,1 Tutbury note}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2366301  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15991958 and 10,1 borough note}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
. This became known as the 'Old Borough'}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5005212  and it}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  was seemingly eclipsed betwee
n 1100 and 1139 by a 'new borough'. This is referred to in a charter of 1141 in which Robert II of Ferrers grants the tithe of the burgage rents in the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8327535 new borough 'which his father}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
 had caused to grow'; see }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid3736999 Beresford and Finberg, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid3736999 English Medieval Boroughs}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 , pp. 163-64.
\par \tab Other important Domesday estates developed boroughs: }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8141214 Burton-upon-Trent}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  (4,1) by 1197 and Leek (1,21) by }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid3736999 c}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 .}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8141214  1207}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 ; see 4,1 Burton}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8141214  note and}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 1,21 Leek }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid3736999 note}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2366301 ;}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid3736999  and Beresford and Finberg, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid3736999 English Medieval Boroughs}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid3736999 , pp. 161-62. There}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  were }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2366301 'dwellings' at Lichfield (2,16;}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 22) by 1159, a bu}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid8141214 rgage is mentioned in 1176 and the place is called a borough }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11763553\charrsid8141214 
between 1149 and 1159}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 ; see 2,16 Lichfield note}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2366301 ;}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid10909708 Beresford and Finberg, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid10909708 
English Medieval Boroughs}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid10909708 , p. 162.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8327535  Newcastle-under-Lym}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 e }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8327535 probably }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 grew up on
 the land of the royal manor of Trentham. It was subject to ta}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8327535 llage in 1173, there was a boro}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 ugh jury in 1203}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6248690 , burgages}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8141214  are mentioned there in 1212}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  and it was}{\f0\fs24\insrsid163741  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid163741\charrsid8141214 the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  subject of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14228639  a }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8327535 borough }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14228639 
charter in 1235; see 1,8 T}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8141214 rentham note}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11763553 ;}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid10909708 Beresford and Finberg, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid10909708 Engli
sh Medieval Boroughs}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 , p. 163}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid10909708 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
\par \tab Between the twelfth and the fourteenth centuries, a considerable number of other estates showed signs of being boroughs or having boroughs as part of them, by the mention of the word borough itself or of burgesses or burgages
. These were: Abbots Bromley (4,5), Alton (1,54), Betley (17,10), Brewood (2,1), Church Eaton (11,65), Colton (8,15. 11,29), Eccleshall (2,10), Kinver (1,27)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid163741 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  Newb}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4478363 o}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 rough in Agardsley }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid4478363 (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid163741\charrsid4478363 see 10,4 Agardsley note}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 ), Penkridge (1,7. 7,17), Stone (1,40 Fulford note), Uttoxeter (1,19)}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3034498 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  Walsall (1,5 Bescot note) and Wolverhampton (7,1). On these boroug}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3034498 hs, see Palliser, 'Boroughs of M}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 edieval Staffordshire'}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3034498 ;}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid16261873 Beresford and Finberg, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid16261873 English Medieval Boroughs}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid16261873 , p}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 p. 160-64, 193}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid16261873 .
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid4478363\charrsid16261873 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 Castles
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7960639 Domesday mentions two castles}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
, one at Tutbury and one at Stafford. The Norman castle at Tutbury (10,1) appears to have been the work of Hugh of Avranches, but was held in 1086 by Henry of Ferrers. It appears to have been constructed on land called "Burtone", that
 name itelf referring to a fortified site; see 10,1 Tutbury note; }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid2686989 VCH Staffordshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 , i. pp. 356-58; King, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15415917 Castellarium Anglicanum}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15415917 , ii. p. 451. 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10814186\charrsid15415917 \tab A }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15415917 castle at Stafford}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10814186\charrsid15415917  was erected by King William in 10}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15415917 
70 on his return from the north}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10814186\charrsid15415917  of England: Orderic Vitalis, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10814186\charrsid15415917 Ecclesiastical History}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1581609\charrsid15415917  (Chibnall, }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid10814186\charrsid15415917 ii. pp. 236-37}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1581609\charrsid15415917 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15415917 . According to Domesday the castle was built}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
 on 'Stafford land' which belonged to Chebsey (10,9) and had by then been destroyed. Chebsey is some distance from Stafford and other Domesday estates intervene between them, but as the site is said to be '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4478363\charrsid4478363 St}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid4478363 afford}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  land' it must be assumed that Chebsey had outlying land near the borough}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10814186 , or that it had once been larger. T}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 he location of this }
{\f0\fs24\insrsid10814186 royal }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 c}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10814186 astle is uncertain. There was a castle in}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  existence at Stafford in 1102 si}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10814186 nce it was held by William Pando}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 lf for the king against }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15415917 Robert of Bel}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10814186\charrsid15415917 l\'ea}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15415917 
me in a revolt that led to the confiscation of the earldom of Shrewsbury; see}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10814186\charrsid15415917  Orderic Vitalis, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10814186\charrsid15415917 Ecclesiastical History}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1581609\charrsid15415917 
 (Chibnall, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10814186\charrsid15415917 vi. pp. 24-25}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1581609\charrsid15415917 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15415917 . There is no evidence}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  that the site }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10814186 
of these castles }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 wa}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10814186 s in the borough; in fact, if the royal castle was built on land that belonged to Chebsey,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
 it was probably outside it. The only known castle site at Stafford was Stafford Castle at SJ902223 on a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1994558  naturally fortified site in the parish of Castle C}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
hurch. This castle was held by the earls of Staffo}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1994558 rd in the twelfth century. I}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 t is possible that the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1994558 de}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4478363 stroyed royal castle}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1994558 
 had been rebuilt by 1102 on the same site and that the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  castle of the Stafford barony }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1994558 was one and the same}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 ; see}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14629032  }{
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5771126\charrsid8392580 Eyton, }{\i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5771126\charrsid8392580 Domesday Studies: Staffordshire}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5771126\charrsid8392580 , p}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid8392580 p. 20-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14629032 2
}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid8392580 2}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 ; }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid2686989 VCH Staffordshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 , i. p. 355, v. pp. 84-86, vi.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14629032  p.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  200}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14629032 ;}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  King, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid944351 Castellarium Anglicanum}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 , ii. pp. 45}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14629032 1, 453. For the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4478363  idea }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14629032 that ther}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 e was a castle in the borough, see }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid202589 Mazzinghi, 'Manor and Parish of Castre'}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 , pp. 3-11;}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid9046812 
 Armitage, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid9046812 Early Norman Castles}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 , pp. 211-216.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid202589 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 \tab The }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid4478363 notion}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  that there was a castle at }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8141214 Burton-upon-Trent}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
 is based on the assumption that "Burtone" (10,2;10) is that place: King, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid944351 Castellarium Anglicanum}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4478363 , ii. p. 452}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
. It can be rejected; see 10,1 Tutbury note and 10,2 "Burtone" note.
\par \tab Tamworth castle may have been in existence in 1086. The borough lacks a survey in Domesday but }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid9046812 c}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 . 1141 the Empress Matilda granted to William de Beauchamp the castle and honour of 
}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4478363 Tamworth}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  't}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14483685 o hold as freely as Robert the b}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 ursar held it': }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid9046812 Magni Rotuli Scaccarii Normaniae}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13247186 , ii. p. xcix.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  Robert was a Domesday holder}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7677307 , }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7677307\charrsid5129480 though not of Tamworth}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid5129480 . See }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid5129480 VCH Staffordshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid5129480 , i. pp. 355-56.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7677307\charrsid5129480  The castle and honour of Tamworth were later held by the Marmiun family; see 1,9 Wigginton note
}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14572271 ; }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14572271\charrsid9444078 1,9 Tamworth note}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7677307\charrsid9444078 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16408492\charrsid9444078  On the castle, see King}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9444078 ,}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16408492\charrsid9444078  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16408492\charrsid9444078 Castellarium Anglicanum}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16408492\charrsid9444078 , ii. p. 451.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
\par \tab A new castle }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1994558 was built at Newcastle-under-Lym}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 e beween 1142 and 1146 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1994558 probably }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 on the land of the royal manor of Trentham (1,8); see 1,8 Trentha}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1994558 m note. At about the same perio}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 d (1129-46), }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4478363\charrsid4478363 Roger}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid4478363  de Clinton,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  B}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1994558 
ishop of Coventry}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14483685 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1994558  fortified the cathedral close}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  at Lichfield; see}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid202589  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid202589 VCH Staffordshire}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 , xiv. p.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14483685  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1994558 57.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid14483685 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid4478363\charrsid202589 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 Forest
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15220721 Strictly speaking, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 f}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15220721 orest }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 (Medieval Latin }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15220721 foresta}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 , from Classical Latin }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15220721 foris}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 , 'outside') }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15220721 was }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 lan}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14483685 
d outside the manor, presumably}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  in origin uncultivated land, not necessarily wooded}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14483685 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  that lay between the bounds of manors. The Norman kings regarded }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1994558 foresta}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  as their preserve for hunting and the very name }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1994558 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 forest}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1994558 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14483685  came}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  to imply royal forest; s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1994558 i}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 milar land thus used by a subject was }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1994558 known as }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 a }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1994558 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 chase}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1994558 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 . Special laws evolved to govern conduct in a forest and these led to forest courts and the definition of th}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1994558 e ex
act bounds of each forest. In line with these changes, t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 he definition of the word }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid1994558\charrsid1994558 foresta}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1994558  developed}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
 to mean additionally an area governed by forest law. Quite apart from the delights and profits of hunting, kings were able to exploit their forests by the g
rants of the right to assart, to hunt, to take timber for building or firewood or for pannage or pasture.
\par \tab Royal forest is mentioned under "Has}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6557850 wic" (7,6) which is said to be now waste}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6557850 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 because of the king's forest}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1994558 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 ; under Chasepool (12,3) which is waste and 'in the king's forest', and under Enville and "Cippemore" (12,10-11)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5121403 , the woodland of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  both of wh}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5121403 ich }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 are said to be held by the king 'in the forest'. The woodland of Coven (11,62) is 'in the king's lordship' which seems to imply that it is also in a forest. 
\par \tab These passing mentions suggest that several of the royal for}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1994558 e}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 sts of Staffordshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1994558 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  which are evidenced later}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1994558 ,}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3350933  were in existence, at}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  least in germ}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1994558 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  in 1086: these were the forests of Brewood, Cannock and Kinver.
\par \tab Brewood forest, first attested in the twelfth century, was named from the manor of Br}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3350933 ewood (2,1) held in 1086 by }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
the Bishop of Chester. It was probably annexed to that manor during the reign of King Stephen and i}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3350933 n 1139 and 1144 the appurtenanc}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 es of the manor included the 'hay and forest of Brew
ood'. In 1086, it was probably royal, with the woodland of Coven (11,62) lying within it and perhaps annexed to a royal manor. Brewood itself had probably originated as part of the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1994558 royal manor of Penkridg}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1994558\charrsid12327446 e (1,7)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid12327446 . The later forest extended into Shropshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3815556\charrsid12327446 . In the north it reached Weston}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12327446\charrsid12327446 
-under-Lizard (SJ8010) and Bishops Wood (SJ8309, now a settlement, rather than a wood),}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3815556  on its eastern side it touched Brewood (2,1) and Chillington (WAR 28,19, wrongly included in that count}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3815556\charrsid6039445 y}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3350933\charrsid6039445 's folios}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3815556 ) and in the south and west it extended to the Shropshire manors of Albrighton (SHR }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10515858 4,25,6, }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3350933 with }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3815556 wood}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3350933 land}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3815556  for }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10515858 fattening }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3815556 100 pigs }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10515858 that was }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3815556 
in the king's hands), Donington }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10515858 (SHR 4,1,25) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3815556 and Tong}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10515858  (SHR 4,1,24) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 . See }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10515858\charrsid10515858 VCH Shropshire}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid10515858 , i. p. 484}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3350933 ;}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10515858  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid13833961 VCH Staffordshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 , ii. p. 337.
\par \tab The forest of Cannock was probably in existence, though not so named in 1086. Richard the forester (STS }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1994558 13) was probably in charge of it and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 the woods of Cannock }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1994558 (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1994558\charrsid1994558 1,25}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1994558 ) and Rugeley (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1994558\charrsid1994558 1,22}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1994558 )}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  were p}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1994558 robably part of it. The forest i}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 s first named in the 1140s. Wh
en the manor of Cannock was given to the Bishop of Chester, the forest passed with it and became Cannock chase. See 1,25 Cannock}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3165005  note and}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  STS 13 Richard note}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3165005 '; an}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 d }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid13833961 VCH Staffordshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 , ii. p. 338.
\par \tab The Forest of Kinver was so named by 1168, but it seems probable that it was the unnamed forest that impinged on the holdings of "Haswic" (7,6), Chasepool (12,3), Enville (12,10) and "Cippemore" (12,11). In Worcestershire, the wood}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3165005 land}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  of Churchill }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1994558 (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1994558\charrsid6039445 WOR }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6039445\charrsid6039445 2,59)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1994558\charrsid1994558 
 and proba}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1994558 bly that of Kidderminst}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1994558 er (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1994558\charrsid1994558 WOR 1,2}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid1994558 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  were no dou
bt in this forest. The forest was named from the royal manor of Kinver (1,27). The keepership of this forest was g}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1994558 iven by Henry II to Philip Fitz}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3165005  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
Helgot, also known as Philip of Kinver. Helgot was the 1086 holder of Barlaston (11,24) and Bobbington (11,43)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1465132 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7960820 See }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7960820 
Book of Fees}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7960820 , pp. 142, 348, 594; }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7960820 Feudal Aids}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid7960820 , v. p. p. 9; }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 Eyton, }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid11616212 Antiquities of Shropshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 , iii. pp. 161-62}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3165005 ;}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid5782042 VCH Staffordshire}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid5782042 , ii. p. 343}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1994558  Kinver forest was part of a great tract of woodland that was continuous with}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4348949 
 the forests of Morfe and Wyre. Wyre Forest was in Worcestershire while Morfe Forest, though named from a place in Staffordshire (12,2)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3165005 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4348949  lay largely in Shropshire.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14436158 
 It was, however, involved with those estates (8,1-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14436158\charrsid5005335 3}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10637429  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5005335 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14436158 9,1}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5005335  and possibly the unidentified 8,4)}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14436158 ) that Earl Roger or his sons transferred into Shropshire after 1086; see STS 8 Roger note.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9713517  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10515858 In the north it was bounded by the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10515858\charrsid5129480 
River Worf and in the north-east by the manor of Morfe. It included the Staffordshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10515858  woods of Claverley (8,1) and Worfield (9,1). }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9713517 On Wyre Forest, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9713517\charrsid10515858 see }{
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10515858\charrsid10515858 Eyton, }{\i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10515858\charrsid10515858 Antiquities of Shropshire}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10515858\charrsid10515858 , iii}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10637429 .}{
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10515858\charrsid10515858  pp. 212-19}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10637429 ;}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid10515858\charrsid10515858  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9713517\charrsid10515858 VCH Worcestershire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9713517\charrsid10515858 , i}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid724590 i}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9713517\charrsid10515858 . pp. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid724590 315-321}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10637429 ;}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9713517\charrsid10515858  and on Morfe Forest, see }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9713517\charrsid10515858 
VCH Shropshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9713517\charrsid10515858 , i. pp. 483-97.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid10515858 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 \tab After}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4348949  1086, other forests were creat}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
ed in the county. In the north, the New Forest was the work of Henry II, while on the eastern side, the Forest of Needwood (strictly a chase, held by the Ferrers family) was first evidenced in t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4348949 he 1120s. The only Domesday s}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 ettlement th}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15032006 at lay within the area of the F}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 orest}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15032006  of Needwood}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10637429  was Agardsl}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 ey, a}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15032006  dependency }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 of Marchington, held in 1086 by Henry of Ferrers (10,4). It was confiscated in 1267 and granted to Edward, Earl of Lancaster, but passed to the king in 1399; }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid6433373 see }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid6433373 VCH Staffordshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid6433373 , ii. pp. 348-349.}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid6433373  }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
\par \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4348949 In later times there was a F}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid6433373 orest of Alstonefield, also known as the Forest of Mauban, attached to the Malbank manor of Alstonefield (8,28; see 8,28 Alstonefield note).}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4348949 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 \tab On the Staffordshire forests, see Wrottesley, 'Pleas of the Forest:}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10637429  Staffordshire'; Gould, 'Food, Foresters, Fines and Felons'; Cantor, 'Medieval Forests and C}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
hases of Staffordshire'; }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid5589387 VCH Staffordshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 , ii. pp. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4348949 335-58}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10637429 ;}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4348949  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4348949\charrsid4348949 
Domesda}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15032006 y Geography of Midland England}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15032006 , p. 199}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid6433373 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid6433373 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid9444078 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid3368521 RELATED OR '}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid8193957 SATELLITE}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid3368521 '}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid8193957  TEXTS
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2514020 {\f0\fs24\insrsid3368521 There are no texts related to
 Domesday Staffordshire that are directly connected with the Enquiry, but there are five abbreviations of the fief of Burton Abbey and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15997648 also }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3368521 
two surveys which date from the first quarter of the twelfth century. Two of the abbreviations and the surveys are to be found in}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2514020  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3293352 British Library}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2514020 
, Loan 30. This manuscript has been dated }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2514020 c}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2514020 
. 1230 x 1241 and was deposited in the British Library by the Marquess of Anglesey in 1947. They are in the original compilation of this manuscript (folios 8-73 of the pencil foliation
), written in double columns and with red, blue and sometimes green initials, but Davis, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2514020 Medieval Cartularies}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2514020 
, no. 91, states that the surveys (he has 'survey') were among the insertions and additions made mainly in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries between the sections of the cartulary itself; these surveys were inserted in the thirteenth century. 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3089745 {\f0\fs24\insrsid3368521 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15032006 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid3368521 Two Abbreviations within the Burton Cartulary}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid6779462 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6779462\charrsid6779462 This}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6779462  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3368521 general cartulary of Burton Abbey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6779462  dates from}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2514020  the thirteenth century, but }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6779462 
is almost certainly }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2514020 a copy of an earlier text or the compilation}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5077781  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6779462 of material from different earlier texts. Embedded within it }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5077781 are}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12131647  two abbreviations of the lands of Burton Abbey }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5077781 in Staffordshire }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12131647 (STS 4),}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5077781 
 Derbyshire (DBY 3 and B4) and, for the first text only, in Warwickshire (WAR 8),}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12131647  on }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3293352 British Library, Lo}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16336570 an 30, folio 10ra and folio 36vb (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12131647 the}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16336570  pencil }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12131647 foliation}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16336570 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12131647 . The first of these}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5077781  abbreviations}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12131647  was transcribed by }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8338777 Wrottesley, 'The Burton Chartulary'}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5077781 , pp. 7-8, using the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8071512 ink foliation (folio 3); he referred once to a discrepancy in the second abbreviati}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14712537 
on (on folio xiii of the ink}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8071512  foliation), but did not mention the other discrepancies. These two abbreviations are discussed in Walmsley, 'Another Domesday Text'. Sawyer, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8071512 Charters of Burton Abbey}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8071512 , pp. xxxvi-vii, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6389282 does not mention that there are two abbreviations in Loan MS 30, giving only }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8071512 the variant readings between STS 4 and the first abbreviation.}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4417124  The transcriptions have been checked against the manuscript by CT}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16204101  and the few errors in them corrected in the extracts given in the Notes}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4417124 .}{
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid12131647\charrsid2514020 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8071512 \tab These abbreviations provide the place-name, hidage, plough estimate and value of all the estates in STS 4}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7733686  and in the same order as there. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14712537 The only differences between them
}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4160665  and the Great Domesday text are the location of the abbey's holding (in the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15144148 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4160665 village}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15144148 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4160665  of Stafford in 4,1 and in the }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15144148 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4160665 village}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15144148 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4160665  of Burton-upon-Trent in the second abbreviation), }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14712537 the value of the abbey's holding }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14712537\charrsid14712537 in}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14712537  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15144148 ipsa u}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14712537 illa}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14712537 
 [Burton-upon-Trent] in the first abbreviation (see 4,1 value note and 4,1 Burton note) and the values of Darlaston, Whiston and 'Bedintone' in both texts (see 4,6 value note, 4,9 value note and 4,10 value note).}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14757902 
 For the abbey's holding}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16151167 s in Derbyshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14757902 , see DBY \{Introduction: }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5118537 Related or }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15144148 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14757902 Satellite}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15144148 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14757902  Texts\}.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14712537 
\par \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4160665 The heading to the first abbreviation is }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4160665 Sic continetur super Domusday apud Wintoniam}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6964292  ('The fol}{\f0\fs24\insrsid999625 l}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6964292 owing}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4160665  is what is contained in Domesday at Winchester')}{\f0\fs24\insrsid96488  and t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4160665 his and the identical order of entries, suggest that, despite the discrepancies,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid96488 
 both this abbreviation was}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14712537  taken from Great Domesday or from a text closely}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4160665  related to it}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15144148 
. There is no heading to the second abbreviation, but its source was almost certainly the same}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4160665 
. The substitution of Burton-upon-Trent for Stafford in the second abbreviation does, however, suggest correction, probably from local knowledge, if Great Domesday itself was the source.
\par \tab For three other abbreviations of the same holdings of Burton Abbey, see below.
\par 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15032006 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid4160665 The Burton Abbey Surveys
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1977084 Included within the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12987729 thirteenth-century Burton Cartulary, but not written by its scribe (though there are similarities in the hand) are copies of two surveys of Burton Abbey lands. }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16336570 These two surveys, called A and B by Round, 'Burton Abbey Surveys', date respectively from }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16336570 c}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16336570 . 1126 and }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16336570 c}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16336570 
. 1114. Burton A }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12987729 is on }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4674759 folios 28ra-32ra }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16336570 and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4674759 Burton B on folios 32ra-36va of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3293352 British Library}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4674759 
, Loan 30}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16336570 . The order of the entries}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4674759  in these surveys}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16336570  is not as in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14712177 the relevant chapters in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16336570 
Great Domesday (STS 4, DBY 3, WAR 8) and places not in those chapte}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4674759 rs are included in them}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16336570 , probably because they were members of other manors there, rather than later acq}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6035711 
uisitions by the abbey. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13656526 On the omission of the abbey's holding in Coton-in-the-Elms in Derbyshire, see DBY 3,4 Coton note. The hidage of the Staffordshire estates given in these surveys is the same as in STS 4}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5846581  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15144148 with the exception of that for Leigh in Burton B (see 4,7 details note)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13656526 . Other information in the surveys includes details of the villagers and rent-paying tenants (}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13656526 censarii}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13656526 ), their names, holdings and obligations, though not in every entry in both surveys; the later survey, Burton B, is}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15144148  generally}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13656526 
 fuller than the earlier one. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7370409 
\par \tab There is a transcription of these surveys, printed side by side to aid comparison, in Bridgema}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15144148 n, 'Burton Abbey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7370409  Surveys'. The Staffordshire holdings
 appear there on the following pages: Burton-upon-Trent (4,1) o}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9857493 n pp. 212-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7370409 15, Branston (4,2)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9857493  on pp. 215-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7370409 17, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9857493 
Wetmore (4,3) on pp. 219-22, Stretton (4,4) on pp. 217-19, Abbots Bromley (4,5) on pp. 222-23, Darlaston (4,6) on pp. 227-28, Leigh (4,7) on pp. 225-27, Okeover (4,8) on pp. 224, 225, Whiston (4,9) on p. 228, 'Bedintone' (4,10) on pp. 228-29.}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4470530  Abstracts from both surveys, in the order of the manuscript, were transcribed in Wrottesley, 'The Burton Chartulary', pp. 18-30. Neither transcription}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7370409  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4470530 is perfect.}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16542450 
\par \tab Part of Burton B also appears in another manuscript: Burton Muniment 1925 (D603/A/ADD/1925), a roll fragment. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11567063 This dates from early in the twelfth century and was written by three main scribes; other scribes made corre}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15144148 ctions and additions (the latter}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11567063  perhaps in sp}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15144148 aces deliberately left for them)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5249738 . This suggests that it}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11567063 
 was a very early version of Burton B, if not the working copy. It contains only}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16542450  the entries for Stretton-on-Dunsmore and Wolston (WAR 12,3-4;7}{\f0\fs24\insrsid806630 ), Ca}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16072927 
ldwell (DBY 3,6), the second half of Stretton (STS 4,4), Wetmore (STS 4,3)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11567063 , Okeover (STS 4,8) and Ilam (not in Great Domesday, but granted to Burton Abbey in Wulfric Spot's will}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5249738 ; see 4,8 Okeover note}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11567063 ).}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2634440  There is a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11567063  transcription }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2634440 and discussion in}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11567063  Walmsley, '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2634440 Another Domesday Text'; he calls this m
anuscript 'Anglesey 1925'.
\par \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8802929 Extracts from the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2634440  surveys}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8802929 , as they related to the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8802929 censarii}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8802929 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2634440 
 are also discussed and tabulated in Baring, '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5249738 Domesday }{\f0\fs24\insrsid328296 and the B}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4603623 urton Cartulary', who gave them different names and initially dated Burton A to }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4603623 c}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4603623 . 1100, but later changed his mind. See also }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4603623 VCH Staffordshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4603623 , iv. pp. 21-22, 28, 43-44; Desborough, 'Introduction', }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4603623 Staffordshire Domesday}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4603623 . pp. 14, 17; Roffe, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4603623 The Inquest and the Book}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4603623 , pp. 152, 215. On the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4603623 censarii}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4603623  who appear in the surveys, see Walmsley, 'The 
}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8802929 "Censarii" of Burton Abbey'.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5708570  The roll fragment, Burton Muni}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5249738 ment 1925, is described in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5708570 Jeayes, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5249738 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5708570\charrsid5249738 Catalogue of the Charter and Muniments Belonging to the Marquis of Anglesey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5249738 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5708570 , p. 192.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2634440\charrsid5708570 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2634440 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15032006 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid2634440 Other Abbreviations
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2634440 There are three other abbreviations of Burton Abbey holdings, which }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5249738 are very similar to the two}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8802929  in the Burton Cartulary.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14757902 
\par \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8802929 Embedded in the roll fragment containing part of Burton B (Burton Munimen}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5708570 t 1925; see above}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8802929 
) and written by one of its three main scribes is an abbreviation of the abbey's holdings in Staffordshire (STS 4), Derbyshire (DBY 3 and B 4) and Warwickshire (WAR 8)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14757902 , which it states is from the 'king's book' (}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14757902 in libro regis}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14757902 ).}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8802929  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5708570 The order for the Staffordshire holdings is as in Great Domesday, as are the hidages, plough estimates and the values, excep
t those for }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14757902 Darlaston, Whiston and 'Bedintone' (STS 4,6;9-10), a feature it shares with the other abbreviations.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12463243  It places the abbey's holding in Burton-upon-Trent, not Stafford as in STS 4,1, but}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14757902  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12463243 despite these differences,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14757902 
 it is likely that its source was either Great Domesday or a text closely related to it. It is transcribed and discussed in Walmsley, 'Another Domesday Text'; he believed that }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15820058 
this abbreviation was an 'official assessment list' independent of Great Domesday, but his argument is not convincing. His argument is }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12463243 also }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15820058 not accepted by Roffe ('Introduction', }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15820058 Derbyshire Domesday}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15820058 , p. 1 note 9; }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15820058 The Inquest and the Book}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15820058 , p. 151 note 21, where he calls it 'Burton B'; but see his '}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15820058 Descriptio Terrarum}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15820058  of Peterborough', p. 8).
\par \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12463243 An abbreviation of the same holdings of Burton Abbey in Staffordshire, Derbyshire and Warwickshire appear}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4275374 s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12463243 
 as one of three endorsements on a single sheet of parchment on which is written King }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4275374 Ethelred's endowment charter to Burton Abbey and the ear
liest copy of Wulfric Spot's will: Burton Muniment 1 (D603/A/Add/1). This document is descri}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5251101 bed in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4275374 Jeayes, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5251101 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4275374\charrsid5251101 
Catalogue of the Charter and Muniments Belonging to the Marquis of Anglesey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5251101 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4275374 , pp. 5-6. This endorsement is transcribed and discussed by Sawyer, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4275374 Charters of Burton Abbey}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4275374 , pp. xxxv-vii. He dates it to the late eleventh century}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5791548 
 and provides the variant readings in the other abbreviations of the abbey's holdings (except for the second one in the Burton Cartulary) and in Great Domesday. It is also discussed by }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10648143 Walmsley (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5791548 
'Another Domesday Text',}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10648143  pp. 111-12)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5791548  who calls the manuscript 'Anglesey 1', and by }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10648143 
Bridgeman ('Wulfric Spot's Will', pp. 17, 18-19). The order for the Staffordshire holdings is as in Great Domesday, as are the hidages, plough estimates and t
he values, except those for Darlaston, Whiston and 'Bedintone' (STS 4,6;9-10), a feature it shares with the other abbreviations. It does not name the village in which Burton Abbey had 1 \'bd
 hides (STS 4,1), but despite these differences, it is likely that its source was either Great Domesday or a text closely related to it.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2634440\charrsid2634440 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10648143 \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12918717 There is also an abbreviation of the same holdings of Burton Abbey in Staffordshire, Derbyshire and Warwickshire in the Peniarth Cartulary: Aberystwyth, National Library of Wale}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16521472 s, Pe}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9444078 niarth 390, page 362}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12918717 . This manuscript dates from the thirteenth to fourteenth centuries, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4984409 though the main part of it (folios 1-184)}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12918717 , including this abbreviation, was written between }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12918717 c}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12918717\charrsid12918717 . 1240}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12918717  and 1264, largely by one scribe, who may also have written the Burt
on Annals}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16521472  (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6964292 British Library}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16521472 , Cotton Vespasian E. iii, folios 4-100v); }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5251101 see }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16521472 Sawyer, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16521472 
Charters of Burton Abbey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16521472 , p. xiv. See also Davis, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16521472 Medieval Cartularies}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16521472 , no. 93. The abbreviation}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12918717  describes its source as Domesday (}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12918717 sic scribitur in Domusday}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12918717 ). The order for th
e Staffordshire holdings is as in Great Domesday, as are the hidages, plough estimates and the values, except those for Darlaston, Whiston and 'Bedintone' (STS 4,6;9-10), a feature it shares with the other abbreviations. It does not name the village in wh
ich Burton Abbey had 1 \'bd hides (STS 4,1), but despite these differences, it is likely that its source was either Great Domesday or a text closely related to it. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16521472 
It has not been described, but is discussed in Walmsley, 'Another Domesday Text'.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2361863\charrsid2361863 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4984409 \tab There are more discrepancies between these three abbreviations and the two within the Burton Cartulary}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5251101  (though less for the Staffordshire portion)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4984409 
 than there are between them and Great Domesday. This does not preclude a common source, however.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2361863 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13566996 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15032006 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13566996 A Copy of STS 7 in Hemming's Cartulary
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13566996 There is an almost exact copy of the holdings of the clergy of Wolverhampton and other collegiate churches (see STS 7 Wolverhampt}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15220052 on note) in Hemming's c}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1779887 
artulary, which occupies}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13566996  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1779887 the second half of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15546304 British Library}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13566996 , Cotton Tiberius A. xiii}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1779887 ; the copy is on}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13566996  folios 192v-193r (pencil foliation). It is transcribed by Hearne, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13566996 Hemingi Chartularium}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13566996 , pp. 430-33, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1779887 
using a copy of the manuscript made for Richard Graves (now Oxford, Bodleian Library, Rawlinson B. 445) which is not entirely accurate. Because }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7474484 the foliation used by }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1779887 Hearne}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7474484 
 in the margin of his edition}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1779887  did not include th}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7474484 ree smaller pieces of parchment,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1779887  his numbe}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7474484 ring}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1779887  is sometime}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid7474484 s between one and three behind}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2426985  the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1779887 pencil foliation (he has folios 189b-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7474484 190r for this copy).}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2426985  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1334722 The C
otton manuscript was damaged by fire in 1731 and when it was rebound in the nineteenth century the leaves were separately mounted to prevent further deterioration}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7092530 . D}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1334722 
espite the damage most of the manuscript is legible}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7092530 , though most of the left half of the entry for Tettenhall (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7567702 7,5) is now hard to read because of discoloration and tearing}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3369787 
, as is part of the entry for Kinvaston (7,14) part of which has also been cut out, while holes ha}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7567702 ve removed part of the entries for Trescott (7,4) and Wednesfield (7,7)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1334722 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2426985 
According to Ker, 'Hemming's Cartulary', p. 61, this copy is in a hand of the eleventh to twelfth century.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15220052  See also Davis, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15220052 Medieval Cartularies}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15220052 , no. 1068.}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2426985\charrsid15220052 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1199623 \tab There are three figure}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2426985  discrepancies}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1199623  in the ent}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7567702 ries for Penkridge and Gnosall (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1199623 see 7,17 villagers no
te, 7,18 virgates note and 7,18 smallholders note}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7567702 ) and two words are omitted in the entry for Tettenhall (see 7,5 village note) and a few other minor changes}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1199623 
. Apart from these differences, the extract is word for word as STS 7 and its source was either Great Domesday itself or a text very closely related to it. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2426985  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7474484 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid8193957 
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid15032006 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 EDITORIAL
\par Identification of Places
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid10368922 The identification of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15032006 Domesday }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid10368922 places has a long history in Staffordshire.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  Sampson }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15032006 E}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15032006\charrsid15032006 r}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15032006 deswick}{\f0\fs24\cf11\insrsid5771126\charrsid5639448  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 began work on his }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid6575186 Survey of Staffordshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  in 1593, although it remained incomplete at his death}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8913350  (in 1603)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
 and was not published until 1717. Walter Chetwynd (1633-1693) commenced his }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid6575186 Short Survey of Staffordshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  in 1680, but,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8913350  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
at his death he had barely man}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8913350 aged to complete the north-west}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 ern part of the shire. His unfinished work was finally published in the}{\i\f0\fs24\cf11\insrsid5771126\charrsid5639448  }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15032006 Collections}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15032006\charrsid15032006  for the History of Staffordshire}{\f0\fs24\cf11\insrsid5771126\charrsid5639448  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 in two parts in 19}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9444078 
09 an}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8913350 d 1914, edited by F.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5639448  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8913350 Parker }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid6575186 ('}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5771126\charrsid6575186 Chetwynd's History of Pirehill Hundred')}{
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5771126 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 Stebbing Shaw (1762-1802) intended a full-scale history of the county but his }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid6575186 History and Antquities of Staffordshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
 (published in two volumes between 1798 and 1801) only covered the hundreds of Offlow and Seisdon. In 1820 T. Harwood produced an edition of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15032006 Erdeswick's }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15032006 
Survey of Staffordshir}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15032006 e which discussed the Domesday hol}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 dings and suggested identifications for them.
\par \tab A significant development at the end of the nineteenth century was the opening (in 1872) of the William Salt Library. Seven years later the foundation of the William Salt Archaeological Society gave birth to its publication,}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15032006  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15032006 Collections for the History of Staffordshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15032006 , }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
which, true to its title, transcribed and published an immense quantity of medieval and later material relating to the county. Anyone attempting to understand the history of Staffordshire is indebted to pioneering authors such as R.}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9444078  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 W. Ey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15032006 ton, General Wrottesley, the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  Bridgemans and J.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9444078  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 C.Wedgwood. Eyton himself published his }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid6575186 Domesday Studies: Staffordshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  in 1881 in which he identified the Domesday estates, tabulated the hundreds and wrote extensive notes on the people and the places. His }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid2651460 conclusions were }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15032006 the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid2651460 subject of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5639448  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid2651460 
considerable discussion among members of the William Salt Archaeological Society and pr
oduced some useful revisions and counter suggestions, notably in Wedgwood, 'Early Staffordshire History'; Bridgeman, 'Staffordshire Pre-Conquest Charters'; Bridgeman, 'Unidentified Domesday Vills'}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5639448 ,}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid2651460  and Bridgeman and Mander, \lquote Staffordshire Hidation\rquote . There wa}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5639448 s thus an unusually large quanti}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid2651460 
ty of published material available to the editors of the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid2651460 Victoria County History}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid2651460 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 Publication began in 1908, but the Domesday v}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid2651460 olume (iv) only appeared in 1958, edited by C.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9444078  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid2651460 F. Slade. The original plan to complete the county in five }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid2651460 VCH}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  volumes has now been supers}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid2651460 eded}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  by a 20-volume enterprise of which }{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5771126\charrsid2170936 
volumes }{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5771126 i-ix, xiv, xvii, xx}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  have so far been published. For the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid2651460 Domesday Geography of Midland England}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
 published in 1954 (a second edition appeared in 1971), places were identified and these were gathered together in }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid2651460 Domesday Gazetteer}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  (1975). A valuable article by Bate and Palliser }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid5589387 (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5639448 'Suspected Lost V}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid5589387 illage}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5639448  S}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid5589387 ites in Staffordshire'}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 )}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid5589387 , published in 1971 locates a number of lost Domesday places.
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 \tab The identifications of }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid2651460 VCH}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15032006  Staffordshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 , volume iv}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5639448 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  and of the }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid2651460 Domesday Gazettee}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 r were used for the Phillimore edition of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15032006  Staffordshire }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
which appeared in 1976 from the hand of the general editor John Morris. As was his practice, he provided a minimal annotation. Subsequently, F.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9444078  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 R.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9444078  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
Thorn reviewed the identifications of every place for the Alecto edition (1991).
\par \tab Despite this long history of work on the place-names a number remain unidentified or their identification is not firmly based, either because it is difficult to connect the
 Domesday name-form with a place evidenced after 1086, or because there is doubt about the hundred or area of the county in which the place lay or because the later history of the estaste is obscure or apparently disconnected from the Domesday holding. Fu
rther research on some names is still required and will be greatly assisted by the completion of the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid2651460 VCH}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126  series for the county and of the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid2651460 
Place-Names of Staffordshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 , of which volume i }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid2254599 (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 Cuttlestone Hundred) appeared in 1984. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid10368922 
\par }{\f0\fs24\highlight16\insrsid5771126 
\par }{\f0\fs24\highlight16\insrsid15032006\charrsid10368922 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3089745 \cbpat8 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid5771126\charrsid2170936 State of Revision}{\b\insrsid5639448 
\par }{\insrsid5771126\charrsid2170936 The Phillimore edition of Staffordshire appeared in 1976. It was produced by the general editor, John Morris}{\insrsid5639448 ,}{\insrsid5771126\charrsid2170936  from a draft translation prepared by Alison }{
\insrsid4348949 H}{\insrsid5771126\charrsid2170936 awkins and Alex Rumble.}{\cf1\insrsid5771126\charrsid2170936  The map was drawn by Jim Hardy. John Morris' policy was to produce }{\cf1\insrsid15032006 a }{\cf1\insrsid5771126\charrsid2170936 translat
ion with minimal annotation, from a small range of sources and from the text itself. Thus for}{\cf1\insrsid15032006  48}{\cf1\insrsid5639448  }{\cf1\insrsid5771126\charrsid2170936 pages of translation}{\cf1\insrsid15032006 
 (45 for Staffordshire and 3 for Places Elsewhere)}{\cf1\insrsid5771126\charrsid2170936  there were only four pages of notes.}{\insrsid5771126\charrsid2170936 
\par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3089745 \f2\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid2170936 \tab 
The preparation of an electronic edition has allow
ed a much fuller annotation to be provided. On the other hand, this is not a complete re-edition. In particular there is little reference in the notes to the later history of the Domesday estates, except where it is necessary to distinguish places of the 
same name in the same hundred or to support doubtful identifications.
\par \tab However, the opportunity has been taken to make a number of changes:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126\charrsid2170936 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \s16\ql \fi-360\li720\ri0\widctlpar
\tx284\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls7\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3089745 {\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid2170936 An Introduction has been provided. Within it the sections on History and Hundreds take account of F.}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9444078  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid2170936 R. Thorn's w}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9713517 ork for the Alecto edition (1991}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid2170936 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11479276 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid2170936 

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126\charrsid2170936 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}
The probable names and contents of the 1086 hundreds have been deduced from the text and identified from later sources. A full series of hundred heads has been placed in the translation and the probable hundred in which e
ach place lay is discussed in the notes.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126\charrsid2170936 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}References have been inc}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11235351 luded to all known Anglo-Saxon c}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid2170936 
harters
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126\charrsid2170936 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}All Domesday estates have been systematically designated either as Ancient Parishes, townships, chapelries or hamlets
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\cf1\insrsid5771126\charrsid2170936 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \fi-360\li720\ri-325\nowidctlpar\tx284\jclisttab\tx720\tx8280\tx8460\faauto\ls7\rin-325\lin720\itap0\pararsid11235351 \cbpat8 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid5771126\charrsid2170936 The translation has been re
viewed and brought into line with counties published later in the Phillimore series. It has been compared with the translation published subsequently by Alecto (on which the present editors also worked); mistakes have been corrected and any important chan
ges or differences have been commented upon. }{\cf1\insrsid11235351 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\cf1\insrsid11235351 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}The bibliographical and other conventions have been changed to align them with the other counties that have been revised for the current project.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\cf1\insrsid11235351 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-360\li720\ri6\nowidctlpar\tx284\jclisttab\tx720\tx8460\tx8640\faauto\ls7\rin6\lin720\itap0\pararsid11235351 \cbpat8 {\cf1\insrsid11235351 
Certain changes have been necessary in the conversion of the notes to a searchable electronic version, such as to the lead words for the notes, to cross-references and to punctuation. 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \f3\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126\charrsid2170936 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-360\li720\ri0\widctlpar
\tx284\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls7\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3089745 \f2\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5771126\charrsid2170936 
The place-names have been re-scrutinized and checked against the identifications proposed or accepted by the }{\i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5771126\charrsid2170936 Place-Names of Staffordshire}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5771126\charrsid2170936  (only volume i }{
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid4145703 (1984) }{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5771126\charrsid2170936 was available to the editors) and }{\i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5771126\charrsid2170936 VCH Staffordshire}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5771126  of which }{
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5771126\charrsid2170936 volumes }{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5771126 i-ix, xiv, xvii, xx have so far appeared.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid2170936 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\cf1\insrsid5771126\charrsid2170936 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \fi-360\li720\ri-325\nowidctlpar\tx284\jclisttab\tx720\tx8280\tx8460\faauto\ls7\rin-325\lin720\itap0\pararsid11235351 \cbpat8 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid5771126\charrsid2170936 The handling of the Domesday forms of personal names has been completely revised}{\cf1\insrsid11479276  }{\cf1\insrsid11479276\charrsid15032006 
and notes written on each}{\cf1\insrsid11235351  as part of an ongoing process to bring more consistency to the entire name stock of Domesday Book.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\cf1\insrsid11235351 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-360\li720\ri6\nowidctlpar\tx284\jclisttab\tx720\tx8460\tx8640\faauto\ls7\rin6\lin720\itap0\pararsid11235351 \cbpat8 {\cf1\insrsid11235351 
Some of the people have been further identified. When the identification comes from the person's occ
urrence in other documents or in other Domesday counties, this is shown in the translation between asterisks within square brackets. Where there is no documentary evidence for the identity of an individual, but it seems likely that a number of persons wit
h the same first name are one and the same, this has been indicated in the translation by putting the name of one of the estates held by that person between < >. }{\cf1\insrsid9444078  }{\cf1\insrsid11228130\charrsid9444078 
In this county some of the notes to justify both these forms of identification were written by }{\cf1\insrsid5992514 John Palmer and these have been attributed to him as (}{\cf1\insrsid11228130\charrsid5992514 JP}{\cf1\insrsid5992514 
) put at the end of his paragraph. }{\cf1\insrsid11235351 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \f3\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126\charrsid15032006 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-360\li720\ri0\widctlpar
\tx284\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls7\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3089745 \f2\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5771126\charrsid15032006 Internal cross-references have been expanded}{
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid11479276\charrsid15032006 , as have references to the notes of, and introductions to, other counties }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid15032006 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5510995\charrsid15032006 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5510995\charrsid15032006 The releva}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15032006 nt portions of several related}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5510995\charrsid15032006  texts on the lands of Burton Abbey have been}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8193957\charrsid15032006  translated and discussed}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15032006 , and a copy of a fief in Hemming's cartulary has been discussed}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5510995\charrsid2170936 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5771126\charrsid2170936 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \s16\ql \fi-360\li720\ri0\widctlpar
\tx284\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls7\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11479276 {\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid2170936 B
oth in the Introduction (The Domesday Format) and in the Notes, additional information has been included concerning the order of writing, the circuit, the ruling pattern used in}{\f0\fs24\cf11\insrsid15032006  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15032006\charrsid15032006 
Staffordshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid2170936 , the problems faced by the main scribe of Great Domesday and the
 corrections and additions made by him and by scribe B. This information comes largely from the researches of Caroline Thorn and Michael Gullick which will be published as Thorn, Thorn and Gullick, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid2170936 
The Scribal History of Great Domesday Book}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid2170936 . As the work of
 scribe B was not identified and other advances in the understanding of the writing of Domesday Book were not made until after the Phillimore printed edition went to press, the notes therein contain some information that has been superseded by further res
earch.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11479276 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3957246 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \s16\ql \fi-360\li720\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls7\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3957246 {
\f0\fs24\insrsid3957246 Obvious typographical errors }{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid3957246 in the Phillimore printed notes have been corrected}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3957246 
\par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3089745 {\f0\fs24\insrsid11479276 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6447562\charrsid6447562 Some}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid2170936  of John Morris' original brief commentary has been retained and, what has been, is attributed to him with the bracketed initi}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10513774 als (JRM). A}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid2170936 ny sentence }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10513774 within a paragraph }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid2170936 that follows one attributed to JRM and any paragraph not attributed to him is by the present editors.
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11228130 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid11228130 Acknowledgements
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11228130 \cbpat8 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\expnd0\expndtw3\cf1\insrsid11228130 
Access to the manuscript of Great Domesday on an unprecedented 
scale over a period of more than thirty years has always been freely granted by the staff of the Public Record Office; thanks are particularly due to Elizabeth Hallam Smith, Helen Forde, Mario Aleppo and John Abbott. Jim Foy's acuity and knowledge are alw
ays available to us.}{\cf1\insrsid11228130 
\par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3089745 \f2\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid11228130 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid11228130\charrsid11228130 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126\charrsid2170936 Caroline Thorn
\par Frank Thorn
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5510995 August}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4089088 , October }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6447562 2006}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5771126 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3957246 June 2007
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12148374 
\par }}