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{\f351\fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 00000400000000000000}DF Diversions LET;}{\f352\fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 00000400000000000000}DF Diversities LET;}{\f353\fswiss\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0603050302020204}Festive;}
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{\f446\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Futura Md BT Greek;}{\f447\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Futura Md BT Tur;}{\f448\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Humanst521 Cn BT CE;}
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{\f470\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Light CE;}{\f471\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Light Greek;}{\f472\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Light Tur;}
{\f473\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Light Baltic;}{\f474\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Med CE;}{\f475\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Med Greek;}
{\f476\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Med Tur;}{\f477\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Med Baltic;}{\f478\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni CE;}
{\f479\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Greek;}{\f480\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Tur;}{\f481\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Baltic;}
{\f482\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MGI Archon CE;}{\f483\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MGI Archon Greek;}{\f484\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MGI Archon Tur;}
{\f485\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MGI Archon Baltic;}{\f486\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}AucoinExtBol CE;}{\f487\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}AucoinExtBol Greek;}
{\f488\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}AucoinExtBol Tur;}{\f489\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}AucoinExtBol Baltic;}{\f490\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}AucoinLight CE;}
{\f491\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}AucoinLight Greek;}{\f492\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}AucoinLight Tur;}{\f493\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}AucoinLight Baltic;}
{\f494\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Bedini CE;}{\f495\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Bedini Greek;}{\f496\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Bedini Tur;}
{\f497\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Bedini Baltic;}{\f498\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar Black Extended CE;}
{\f499\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar Black Extended Greek;}{\f500\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar Black Extended Tur;}
{\f501\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar Black Extended Baltic;}{\f502\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar CE;}{\f503\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar Greek;}
{\f504\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar Tur;}{\f505\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar Baltic;}{\f506\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar Regular Extended CE;}
{\f507\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar Regular Extended Greek;}{\f508\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar Regular Extended Tur;}
{\f509\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Gourmand CE;}{\f510\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Gourmand Greek;}{\f511\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Gourmand Tur;}
{\f512\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Gourmand Baltic;}{\f513\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Metro Nouveau CE;}{\f514\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Metro Nouveau Greek;}
{\f515\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Metro Nouveau Tur;}{\f516\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Metro Nouveau Baltic;}{\f517\froman\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Palladius CE;}
{\f518\froman\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Palladius Greek;}{\f519\froman\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Palladius Tur;}{\f520\froman\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Palladius Baltic;}
{\f521\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Peinaud CE;}{\f522\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Peinaud Greek;}{\f523\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Peinaud Tur;}
{\f524\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Peinaud Baltic;}{\f525\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Schindler CE;}{\f526\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Schindler Greek;}
{\f527\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Schindler Tur;}{\f528\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Schindler Baltic;}{\f529\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Schindler Small Caps CE;}
{\f530\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Schindler Small Caps Greek;}{\f531\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Schindler Small Caps Tur;}
{\f532\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Schindler Small Caps Baltic;}{\f533\fscript\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Vianta Greek;}{\f534\fdecor\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}LcdD CE;}
{\f535\fdecor\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}LcdD Tur;}{\f536\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}????????????????????????\'a8\'ac?????;}
{\f537\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}??????????????????????\'a8\'ac???????;}{\f538\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}?????????????????????????\'a1\'ec????;}
{\f539\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}??????????????????????????????\'a8;}{\f540\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 Times New Roman CYR;}{\f541\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 Times New Roman TUR;}{\f542\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 Arial CYR;}
{\f543\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 Arial TUR;}{\f544\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 Courier New CYR;}{\f545\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 Courier New TUR;}{\f546\fnil\fcharset178\fprq2{\*\panose 02010000000000000000}Traditional Arabic;}
{\f547\fnil\fcharset178\fprq2{\*\panose 02010000000000000000}Arabic Transparent;}{\f548\fnil\fcharset178\fprq2{\*\panose 02010000000000000000}Andalus;}{\f549\fnil\fcharset178\fprq2{\*\panose 02010000000000000000}Simplified Arabic;}
{\f550\fmodern\fcharset178\fprq1{\*\panose 02010009000000000000}Simplified Arabic Fixed;}{\f551\fmodern\fcharset134\fprq1{\*\panose 02010609030101010101}NSimSun;}{\f552\fmodern\fcharset134\fprq1{\*\panose 02010609030101010101}@NSimSun;}
{\f553\fnil\fcharset134\fprq2{\*\panose 02010600030101010101}@SimHei;}{\f554\froman\fcharset128\fprq2{\*\panose 02020600040205080304}MS PMincho;}{\f555\froman\fcharset128\fprq2{\*\panose 02020600040205080304}@MS PMincho;}
{\f556\fmodern\fcharset128\fprq1{\*\panose 020b0609070205080204}@MS Gothic;}{\f557\fswiss\fcharset128\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0600070205080204}MS PGothic;}{\f558\fswiss\fcharset128\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0600070205080204}@MS PGothic;}
{\f559\fswiss\fcharset128\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0600070205080204}MS UI Gothic;}{\f560\fswiss\fcharset128\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0600070205080204}@MS UI Gothic;}{\f561\froman\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}AngsanaUPC;}
{\f562\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}BrowalliaUPC;}{\f563\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}Browallia New;}{\f564\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0304020202020204}CordiaUPC;}
{\f565\froman\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}DilleniaUPC;}{\f566\froman\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}EucrosiaUPC;}{\f567\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}FreesiaUPC;}
{\f568\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}IrisUPC;}{\f569\froman\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}JasmineUPC;}{\f570\froman\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}KodchiangUPC;}
{\f571\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}LilyUPC;}{\f572\fswiss\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 050b0604020202020204}Typographic Ext;}{\f573\fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05000000000000000000}Iconic Symbols Ext;}
{\f574\fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05000000000000000000}Math Ext;}{\f575\froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05020603050405020304}Multinational Ext;}{\f576\froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05020603050405020304}Greek Symbols;}
{\f577\fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}SPSS Marker Set;}{\f578\froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05050102010607020607}MapInfo Cartographic;}{\f579\fmodern\fcharset136\fprq1{\*\panose 02020309000000000000}@MingLiU;}
{\f580\froman\fcharset136\fprq2{\*\panose 02020300000000000000}@PMingLiU;}{\f581\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}(Use Asian text font){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f582\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}PMingLiU Western{\*\falt !Ps2OcuAe};}{\f583\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Gothic Western{\*\falt ?l?r ?S?V?b?N};}
{\f584\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Gothic CE{\*\falt ?l?r ?S?V?b?N};}{\f585\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Gothic Cyr{\*\falt ?l?r ?S?V?b?N};}
{\f586\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Gothic Greek{\*\falt ?l?r ?S?V?b?N};}{\f587\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Gothic Tur{\*\falt ?l?r ?S?V?b?N};}
{\f588\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Gothic Baltic{\*\falt ?l?r ?S?V?b?N};}{\f589\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MingLiU Western{\*\falt 2OcuAe};}
{\f590\froman\fcharset163\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Times New Roman CYR (Vietnamese;}{\f591\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\f592\froman\fcharset163\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Times New Roman Greek (Vietname;}
{\f593\froman\fcharset163\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Times New Roman TUR (Vietnamese;}{\f594\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\f595\froman\fcharset163\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Times New Roman Baltic (Vietnam;}
{\f596\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}NSimSun Western;}{\f597\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@NSimSun Western;}{\f598\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PMincho Western;}
{\f599\froman\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PMincho CE;}{\f600\froman\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PMincho Cyr;}{\f601\froman\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PMincho Greek;}
{\f602\froman\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PMincho Tur;}{\f603\froman\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PMincho Baltic;}{\f604\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PMincho Western;}
{\f605\froman\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PMincho CE;}{\f606\froman\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PMincho Cyr;}{\f607\froman\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PMincho Greek;}
{\f608\froman\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PMincho Tur;}{\f609\froman\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PMincho Baltic;}{\f610\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS Gothic Western;}
{\f611\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS Gothic CE;}{\f612\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS Gothic Cyr;}{\f613\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS Gothic Greek;}
{\f614\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS Gothic Tur;}{\f615\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS Gothic Baltic;}{\f616\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PGothic Western;}
{\f617\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PGothic CE;}{\f618\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PGothic Cyr;}{\f619\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PGothic Greek;}
{\f620\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PGothic Tur;}{\f621\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PGothic Baltic;}{\f622\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PGothic Western;}
{\f623\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PGothic CE;}{\f624\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PGothic Cyr;}{\f625\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PGothic Greek;}
{\f626\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PGothic Tur;}{\f627\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PGothic Baltic;}{\f628\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS UI Gothic Western;}
{\f629\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS UI Gothic CE;}{\f630\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS UI Gothic Cyr;}{\f631\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS UI Gothic Greek;}
{\f632\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS UI Gothic Tur;}{\f633\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS UI Gothic Baltic;}{\f634\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS UI Gothic Western;}
{\f635\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS UI Gothic CE;}{\f636\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS UI Gothic Cyr;}{\f637\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS UI Gothic Greek;}
{\f638\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS UI Gothic Tur;}{\f639\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS UI Gothic Baltic;}{\f640\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Browallia New (Thai);}
{\f641\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MingLiU Western;}{\f642\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@PMingLiU Western;}
{\f643\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}????????????????????\'a1\'a7?????????;}{\f644\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Sans Serif{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f645\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0502040204020203}Segoe Media Center;}{\f646\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0702040200020203}Segoe Media Center Semibold;}{\f647\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0804030504040204}Tahoma Small Cap;}
{\f648\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Elite{\*\falt Arial};}{\f649\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}GothicPS{\*\falt Arial};}
{\f650\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}????????????\'a1\'a7???????;}{\f651\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}??????????????????\'a8\'ac?????????;}
{\f652\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}????????????????????????\'a1\'a7?????;}{\f653\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}??????????????????????\'a1\'a7???????;}
{\f654\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}CG Times (W1){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f655\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}CG Times 12pt;}
{\f656\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}????????????????????\'a8\'ac?????????;}{\f657\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}?????\'a1\'ec???;}
{\f658\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}????\'a1\'a7???;}{\f659\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Prestige;}{\f660\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}?????????????????\'a1\'ec?????????;}
{\f661\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}??????????????????\'a1\'a7??????????;}{\f662\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}o{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f663\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}ome{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f664\fnil\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Times Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f665\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Plain text{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f666\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}boscombe{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f667\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}??????????????????????????\'a8\'ac???;}{\f668\froman\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Rockwell CE;}
{\f669\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Sans Serif CE;}{\f670\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Sans Serif Cyr;}
{\f671\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Sans Serif Greek;}{\f672\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Sans Serif Tur;}
{\f673\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Sans Serif Baltic;}{\f674\froman\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Serif CE;}
{\f675\froman\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Serif Cyr;}{\f676\froman\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Serif Greek;}
{\f677\froman\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Serif Tur;}{\f678\froman\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Serif Baltic;}
{\f679\froman\fcharset163\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Serif (Vietnamese);}{\f680\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Verdana Ref CE;}{\f681\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Verdana Ref Cyr;}
{\f682\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Verdana Ref Greek;}{\f683\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Verdana Ref Tur;}{\f684\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Verdana Ref Baltic;}
{\f685\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Verdana Ref (Vietnamese);}{\f686\froman\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Georgia Ref CE;}{\f687\froman\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Georgia Ref Cyr;}
{\f688\froman\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Georgia Ref Greek;}{\f689\froman\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Georgia Ref Tur;}{\f690\froman\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Georgia Ref Baltic;}
{\f691\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Gill Sans MT CE;}{\f692\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Gill Sans MT Condensed CE;}
{\f693\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Gill Sans Ultra Bold CE;}{\f694\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000400000000000000}Sydnie;}{\f695\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Sydnie Greek;}
{\f696\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 Arial Baltic;}{\f697\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 Courier New Baltic;}{\f698\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\f699\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 Arial CE;}{\f700\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 Arial Greek;}
{\f701\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 Courier New CE;}{\f702\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 Courier New Greek;}{\f703\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Helvetica Cyr;}{\f704\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Helvetica Greek;}
{\f705\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Helvetica (Hebrew);}{\f706\fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Helvetica (Arabic);}{\f707\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Helvetica (Vietnamese);}
{\f708\froman\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Times Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f709\froman\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Times Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f710\froman\fcharset177\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Times (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f711\froman\fcharset178\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Times (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f712\froman\fcharset163\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Times (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f713\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f714\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f716\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f717\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f718\froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f719\froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f720\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f721\froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f723\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial CE;}{\f724\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial Cyr;}{\f726\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial Greek;}
{\f727\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial Tur;}{\f728\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Arial (Hebrew);}{\f729\fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Arial (Arabic);}{\f730\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial Baltic;}{\f731\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Arial (Vietnamese);}
{\f733\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 Courier New CE;}{\f734\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 Courier New Cyr;}{\f736\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 Courier New Greek;}{\f737\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 Courier New Tur;}
{\f738\fmodern\fcharset177\fprq1 Courier New (Hebrew);}{\f739\fmodern\fcharset178\fprq1 Courier New (Arabic);}{\f740\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 Courier New Baltic;}{\f741\fmodern\fcharset163\fprq1 Courier New (Vietnamese);}
{\f753\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Helvetica CE;}{\f757\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Helvetica Tur;}{\f760\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Helvetica Baltic;}{\f825\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 MS Mincho Western{\*\falt ?l?r ??\'81\'66c};}
{\f823\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 MS Mincho CE{\*\falt ?l?r ??\'81\'66c};}{\f824\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 MS Mincho Cyr{\*\falt ?l?r ??\'81\'66c};}{\f826\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 MS Mincho Greek{\*\falt ?l?r ??\'81\'66c};}
{\f827\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 MS Mincho Tur{\*\falt ?l?r ??\'81\'66c};}{\f830\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 MS Mincho Baltic{\*\falt ?l?r ??\'81\'66c};}{\f835\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 Batang Western{\*\falt \'a8\'cfoUAA};}
{\f833\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Batang CE{\*\falt \'a8\'cfoUAA};}{\f834\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Batang Cyr{\*\falt \'a8\'cfoUAA};}{\f836\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Batang Greek{\*\falt \'a8\'cfoUAA};}
{\f837\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Batang Tur{\*\falt \'a8\'cfoUAA};}{\f840\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Batang Baltic{\*\falt \'a8\'cfoUAA};}{\f845\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2 SimSun Western{\*\falt ??\'a1\'a7??};}{\f923\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Century CE;}
{\f924\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Century Cyr;}{\f926\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Century Greek;}{\f927\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Century Tur;}{\f930\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Century Baltic;}{\f935\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 Angsana New;}
{\f945\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 Cordia New;}{\f973\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Sylfaen CE;}{\f974\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Sylfaen Cyr;}{\f976\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Sylfaen Greek;}{\f977\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Sylfaen Tur;}
{\f980\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Sylfaen Baltic;}{\f1055\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS Western;}{\f1053\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS CE;}{\f1054\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS Cyr;}
{\f1056\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS Greek;}{\f1057\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS Tur;}{\f1058\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS (Hebrew);}{\f1059\fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS (Arabic);}
{\f1060\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS Baltic;}{\f1061\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS (Vietnamese);}{\f1062\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS (Thai);}{\f1063\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Tahoma CE;}
{\f1064\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Tahoma Cyr;}{\f1066\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Tahoma Greek;}{\f1067\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Tahoma Tur;}{\f1068\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Tahoma (Hebrew);}{\f1069\fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Tahoma (Arabic);}
{\f1070\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Tahoma Baltic;}{\f1071\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Tahoma (Vietnamese);}{\f1072\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 Tahoma (Thai);}{\f1083\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f1087\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f1090\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f1103\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 Lucida Console CE;}{\f1104\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 Lucida Console Cyr;}
{\f1106\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 Lucida Console Greek;}{\f1107\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 Lucida Console Tur;}{\f1113\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Verdana CE;}{\f1114\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Verdana Cyr;}{\f1116\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Verdana Greek;}
{\f1117\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Verdana Tur;}{\f1120\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Verdana Baltic;}{\f1121\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Verdana (Vietnamese);}{\f1123\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial Black CE;}{\f1124\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial Black Cyr;}
{\f1126\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial Black Greek;}{\f1127\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial Black Tur;}{\f1130\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial Black Baltic;}{\f1133\fscript\fcharset238\fprq2 Comic Sans MS CE;}
{\f1134\fscript\fcharset204\fprq2 Comic Sans MS Cyr;}{\f1136\fscript\fcharset161\fprq2 Comic Sans MS Greek;}{\f1137\fscript\fcharset162\fprq2 Comic Sans MS Tur;}{\f1140\fscript\fcharset186\fprq2 Comic Sans MS Baltic;}
{\f1143\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Impact CE;}{\f1144\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Impact Cyr;}{\f1146\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Impact Greek;}{\f1147\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Impact Tur;}{\f1150\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Impact Baltic;}
{\f1153\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Georgia CE;}{\f1154\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Georgia Cyr;}{\f1156\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Georgia Greek;}{\f1157\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Georgia Tur;}{\f1160\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Georgia Baltic;}
{\f1163\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium CE;}{\f1164\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium Cyr;}{\f1166\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium Greek;}{\f1167\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium Tur;}
{\f1170\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium Baltic;}{\f1173\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Palatino Linotype CE;}{\f1174\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Palatino Linotype Cyr;}{\f1176\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Palatino Linotype Greek;}
{\f1177\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Palatino Linotype Tur;}{\f1180\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Palatino Linotype Baltic;}{\f1181\froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Palatino Linotype (Vietnamese);}{\f1183\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Trebuchet MS CE;}
{\f1184\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Trebuchet MS Cyr;}{\f1186\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Trebuchet MS Greek;}{\f1187\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Trebuchet MS Tur;}{\f1190\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Trebuchet MS Baltic;}
{\f1223\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Microsoft Sans Serif CE;}{\f1224\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Microsoft Sans Serif Cyr;}{\f1226\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Microsoft Sans Serif Greek;}{\f1227\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Microsoft Sans Serif Tur;}
{\f1228\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Microsoft Sans Serif (Hebrew);}{\f1229\fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Microsoft Sans Serif (Arabic);}{\f1230\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Microsoft Sans Serif Baltic;}
{\f1231\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Microsoft Sans Serif (Vietnamese);}{\f1232\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 Microsoft Sans Serif (Thai);}{\f1236\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Alba Greek;}{\f1246\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Alba Matter Greek;}
{\f1256\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Alba Super Greek;}{\f1266\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Baby Kruffy Greek;}{\f1276\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Chick Greek;}{\f1286\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Croobie Greek;}{\f1306\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Freshbot Greek;}
{\f1316\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Frosty Greek;}{\f1326\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 GlooGun Greek;}{\f1336\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Jenkins v2.0 Greek;}{\f1376\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Pussycat Greek;}{\f1386\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Weltron Urban Greek;}
{\f1393\fscript\fcharset238\fprq2 Mistral CE;}{\f1394\fscript\fcharset204\fprq2 Mistral Cyr;}{\f1396\fscript\fcharset161\fprq2 Mistral Greek;}{\f1397\fscript\fcharset162\fprq2 Mistral Tur;}{\f1400\fscript\fcharset186\fprq2 Mistral Baltic;}
{\f1403\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Lucida Sans Unicode CE;}{\f1404\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Lucida Sans Unicode Cyr;}{\f1406\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Lucida Sans Unicode Greek;}{\f1407\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Lucida Sans Unicode Tur;}
{\f1408\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Lucida Sans Unicode (Hebrew);}{\f1523\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Book CE;}{\f1524\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Book Cyr;}{\f1526\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Book Greek;}
{\f1527\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Book Tur;}{\f1530\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Book Baltic;}{\f1533\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Demi CE;}{\f1534\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Demi Cyr;}
{\f1536\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Demi Greek;}{\f1537\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Demi Tur;}{\f1540\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Demi Baltic;}{\f1543\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium Cond CE;}
{\f1544\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium Cond Cyr;}{\f1546\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium Cond Greek;}{\f1547\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium Cond Tur;}
{\f1550\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium Cond Baltic;}{\f1563\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Century Gothic CE;}{\f1564\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Century Gothic Cyr;}{\f1566\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Century Gothic Greek;}
{\f1567\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Century Gothic Tur;}{\f1570\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Century Gothic Baltic;}{\f1685\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS Western;}{\f1683\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS CE;}
{\f1684\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS Cyr;}{\f1686\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS Greek;}{\f1687\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS Tur;}{\f1688\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS (Hebrew);}
{\f1689\fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS (Arabic);}{\f1690\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS Baltic;}{\f1691\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS (Vietnamese);}{\f1692\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS (Thai);}
{\f1695\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 @Batang Western;}{\f1693\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 @Batang CE;}{\f1694\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 @Batang Cyr;}{\f1696\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 @Batang Greek;}{\f1697\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 @Batang Tur;}
{\f1700\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 @Batang Baltic;}{\f1703\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Book Antiqua CE;}{\f1704\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Book Antiqua Cyr;}{\f1706\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Book Antiqua Greek;}{\f1707\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Book Antiqua Tur;}
{\f1710\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Book Antiqua Baltic;}{\f1713\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Bookman Old Style CE;}{\f1714\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Bookman Old Style Cyr;}{\f1716\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Bookman Old Style Greek;}
{\f1717\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Bookman Old Style Tur;}{\f1720\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Bookman Old Style Baltic;}{\f1723\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Garamond CE;}{\f1724\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Garamond Cyr;}
{\f1726\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Garamond Greek;}{\f1727\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Garamond Tur;}{\f1730\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Garamond Baltic;}{\f1733\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Haettenschweiler CE;}{\f1734\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Haettenschweiler Cyr;}
{\f1736\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Haettenschweiler Greek;}{\f1737\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Haettenschweiler Tur;}{\f1740\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Haettenschweiler Baltic;}{\f1745\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 @MS Mincho Western;}
{\f1743\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 @MS Mincho CE;}{\f1744\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 @MS Mincho Cyr;}{\f1746\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 @MS Mincho Greek;}{\f1747\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 @MS Mincho Tur;}{\f1750\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 @MS Mincho Baltic;}
{\f1763\fscript\fcharset238\fprq2 Monotype Corsiva CE;}{\f1764\fscript\fcharset204\fprq2 Monotype Corsiva Cyr;}{\f1766\fscript\fcharset161\fprq2 Monotype Corsiva Greek;}{\f1767\fscript\fcharset162\fprq2 Monotype Corsiva Tur;}
{\f1770\fscript\fcharset186\fprq2 Monotype Corsiva Baltic;}{\f1775\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2 @SimSun Western;}{\f1793\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial Narrow CE;}{\f1794\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial Narrow Cyr;}
{\f1796\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial Narrow Greek;}{\f1797\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial Narrow Tur;}{\f1800\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial Narrow Baltic;}{\f1863\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Albertus Medium CE;}
{\f1867\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Albertus Medium Tur;}{\f1870\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Albertus Medium Baltic;}{\f1873\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Albertus CE;}{\f1877\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Albertus Tur;}{\f1880\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Albertus Baltic;}
{\f1883\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Albertus Extra Bold CE;}{\f1887\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Albertus Extra Bold Tur;}{\f1890\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Albertus Extra Bold Baltic;}{\f1893\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 ITC Avant Garde Gothic CE;}
{\f1897\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 ITC Avant Garde Gothic Tur;}{\f1900\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 ITC Avant Garde Gothic Baltic;}{\f1903\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 ITC Avant Garde Gothic Demi CE;}
{\f1907\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 ITC Avant Garde Gothic Demi Tur;}{\f1910\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 ITC Avant Garde Gothic Demi Baltic;}{\f1913\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 ITC Bookman Light CE;}{\f1917\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 ITC Bookman Light Tur;}
{\f1920\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 ITC Bookman Light Baltic;}{\f1923\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 ITC Bookman Demi CE;}{\f1927\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 ITC Bookman Demi Tur;}{\f1930\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 ITC Bookman Demi Baltic;}
{\f1933\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 CG Omega CE;}{\f1937\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 CG Omega Tur;}{\f1940\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 CG Omega Baltic;}{\f1943\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 CG Times CE;}{\f1947\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 CG Times Tur;}
{\f1950\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 CG Times Baltic;}{\f1953\fscript\fcharset238\fprq2 ITC Zapf Chancery CE;}{\f1957\fscript\fcharset162\fprq2 ITC Zapf Chancery Tur;}{\f1960\fscript\fcharset186\fprq2 ITC Zapf Chancery Baltic;}
{\f1963\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Clarendon CE;}{\f1967\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Clarendon Tur;}{\f1970\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Clarendon Baltic;}{\f1973\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Clarendon Condensed CE;}
{\f1977\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Clarendon Condensed Tur;}{\f1980\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Clarendon Condensed Baltic;}{\f1983\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Clarendon Extended CE;}{\f1987\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Clarendon Extended Tur;}
{\f1990\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Clarendon Extended Baltic;}{\f1993\fscript\fcharset238\fprq2 Coronet CE;}{\f1997\fscript\fcharset162\fprq2 Coronet Tur;}{\f2000\fscript\fcharset186\fprq2 Coronet Baltic;}{\f2003\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 CourierPS CE;}
{\f2007\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 CourierPS Tur;}{\f2010\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 CourierPS Baltic;}{\f2023\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Helvetica Narrow CE;}{\f2027\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Helvetica Narrow Tur;}
{\f2030\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Helvetica Narrow Baltic;}{\f2033\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 Letter Gothic CE;}{\f2037\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 Letter Gothic Tur;}{\f2040\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 Letter Gothic Baltic;}
{\f2043\fscript\fcharset238\fprq2 Marigold CE;}{\f2047\fscript\fcharset162\fprq2 Marigold Tur;}{\f2050\fscript\fcharset186\fprq2 Marigold Baltic;}{\f2053\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 New Century Schoolbook CE;}
{\f2057\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 New Century Schoolbook Tur;}{\f2060\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 New Century Schoolbook Baltic;}{\f2063\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Antique Olive CE;}{\f2067\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Antique Olive Tur;}
{\f2070\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Antique Olive Baltic;}{\f2073\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Antique Olive Compact CE;}{\f2077\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Antique Olive Compact Tur;}{\f2080\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Antique Olive Compact Baltic;}
{\f2083\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Palatino CE{\*\falt Book Antiqua};}{\f2087\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Palatino Tur{\*\falt Book Antiqua};}{\f2090\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Palatino Baltic{\*\falt Book Antiqua};}{\f2103\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Univers CE;}
{\f2107\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Univers Tur;}{\f2110\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Univers Baltic;}{\f2113\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Univers Condensed CE;}{\f2117\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Univers Condensed Tur;}
{\f2120\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Univers Condensed Baltic;}{\f6113\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CYR CE;}{\f6114\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman CYR Cyr;}{\f6116\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman CYR Greek;}
{\f6117\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman CYR Tur;}{\f6118\froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman CYR (Hebrew);}{\f6119\froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman CYR (Arabic);}{\f6120\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman CYR Baltic;}
{\f6121\froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman CYR (Vietnamese);}{\f6123\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman TUR CE;}{\f6124\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman TUR Cyr;}{\f6126\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman TUR Greek;}
{\f6127\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman TUR Tur;}{\f6128\froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman TUR (Hebrew);}{\f6129\froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman TUR (Arabic);}{\f6130\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman TUR Baltic;}
{\f6131\froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman TUR (Vietnamese);}{\f6133\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial CYR CE;}{\f6134\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial CYR Cyr;}{\f6136\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial CYR Greek;}
{\f6137\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial CYR Tur;}{\f6138\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Arial CYR (Hebrew);}{\f6139\fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Arial CYR (Arabic);}{\f6140\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial CYR Baltic;}
{\f6141\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Arial CYR (Vietnamese);}{\f6143\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial TUR CE;}{\f6144\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial TUR Cyr;}{\f6146\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial TUR Greek;}{\f6147\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial TUR Tur;}
{\f6148\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Arial TUR (Hebrew);}{\f6149\fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Arial TUR (Arabic);}{\f6150\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial TUR Baltic;}{\f6151\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Arial TUR (Vietnamese);}
{\f6153\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 Courier New CYR CE;}{\f6154\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 Courier New CYR Cyr;}{\f6156\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 Courier New CYR Greek;}{\f6157\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 Courier New CYR Tur;}
{\f6158\fmodern\fcharset177\fprq1 Courier New CYR (Hebrew);}{\f6159\fmodern\fcharset178\fprq1 Courier New CYR (Arabic);}{\f6160\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 Courier New CYR Baltic;}{\f6161\fmodern\fcharset163\fprq1 Courier New CYR (Vietnamese);}
{\f6163\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 Courier New TUR CE;}{\f6164\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 Courier New TUR Cyr;}{\f6166\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 Courier New TUR Greek;}{\f6167\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 Courier New TUR Tur;}
{\f6168\fmodern\fcharset177\fprq1 Courier New TUR (Hebrew);}{\f6169\fmodern\fcharset178\fprq1 Courier New TUR (Arabic);}{\f6170\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 Courier New TUR Baltic;}{\f6171\fmodern\fcharset163\fprq1 Courier New TUR (Vietnamese);}
{\f6623\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek CE;}{\f6624\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek Cyr;}{\f6626\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek Greek;}{\f6627\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek Tur;}
{\f6628\froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek (Hebrew);}{\f6629\froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek (Arabic);}{\f6630\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek Baltic;}
{\f6631\froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek (Vietnamese);}{\f6653\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic CE;}{\f6654\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic Cyr;}{\f6656\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic Greek;}
{\f6657\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic Tur;}{\f6658\froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic (Hebrew);}{\f6659\froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic (Arabic);}
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{\operator John Palmer}{\creatim\yr2007\mo7\dy21\hr20\min52}{\revtim\yr2007\mo7\dy30\hr21\min14}{\printim\yr2113\mo1\dy1}{\version4}{\edmins7}{\nofpages96}{\nofwords43720}{\nofchars249210}{\*\company  University of Hull}{\nofcharsws292346}{\vern16389}}
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{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \s21\qc \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar
\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid7800816 NOTES
\par }{\insrsid5851405 (version 1a)
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 HEREFORDSHIRE. The main scribe of Great Domesday wrote the running title }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 HEREFORDSCIRE}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\insrsid7800816 in vermilion capitals across the top of}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  folios 179ab, 180 ab, }{\insrsid7800816 centred above both columns,}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
 and at the head of the List of Landholders on folio 179b; he abbreviated it to }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 HEREF'SCIRE }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
above folios 179cd, 180cd to 187cd. There are no running titles on the last folio of the quire, folio 188, because it is blank, as is the previous column (folio 187d).}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 C1\tab IN THE CITY. Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 civitas}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ;}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 at 2,1 the Old English term }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 port }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('town', 'market-town') is preferred. See 2,57 town note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab THE CUSTOMS MENTIONED BELOW. }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Consuetudo }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
has a general sense ('custom', 'habit') and a specific one ('customary due' or 'customary payment'). It is here rendered by 'custom' whenever a payment is not involved or the case is unclear (as at 1,61 'Welsh customs').}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 C2\tab REEVE'S CONSENT. On the reeve as a subordinate of the sheriff, see W.A. Morris, 'Office of Sheriff', pp. 157-58. See also 1,3 reeve note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab LEFT HIS HOUSE WITHOUT PAYMENT TO THE REEVE. From this it would appear that house ownership was dependent on ability to perform service.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 C3\tab WHOLE MESSUAGE. }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Integra}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 contrasting with }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 wasta }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
('derelict'), such messuages paying no dues (see WIL M2). The 'messuages', }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 ma}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 n}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 surae}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 are essentially houses, but the word can denote a group of buildings or a house-plot or plots; see WIL M1 'In ... Malmesbury ... 25 messuages (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 masuras}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 in which are houses (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 domus}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 )'.}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 See also SOM 26,6 plots note; Ellis, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 General Introduction to Domesday Book}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 244; }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Dictionary of Medieval Latin}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , under }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 mansura}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab PAID 7 \'bd d. Domesday uses the old Engli
sh currency system which lasted for a thousand years until 1971. The pound contained 20 shillings, each of 12 pence, abbreviated }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 \'a3}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 ibrae}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ], }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 s}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 olidi}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ] and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 d}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 enarii}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
]. Domesday often expresses sums above a shilling in pence (for example, 52d in 1,10a instead of 4s 4d) and above a pound in shillings (for example, 75s instead of \'a33 15s in 10,5).}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab HIRE OF HORSES. }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Caballos }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('riding horses', 'war horses'). No distinction is probably intended}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 between them and Classical Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 equus }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 as both appear in this entry and in C
5. However, in the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Liber Exoniensis}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  in the entry corresponding to SOM 8,5, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 roncinos }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('cobs') is glossed above }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 caballos}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 In some}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 instances, therefore, Medieval Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 caballus }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 may be reflecting Old English }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 capel}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Old Norse }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 kapall }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('a nag').}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab ON THREE DAYS IN AUGUST. Compare WOR 19,12 where 13 burgesses in Droitwich had}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 to reap for 2 days in August and March on Osbern son of Richard's manor of Wychbold.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab REAPED. }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Secabat}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 singular, to agree with }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 masura}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 although the occupants of the messuage are meant.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab MARDEN. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 The king's manor (1,4) was evidently large, although no hidage is given for it.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab WHERE THE SHERIFF WISHED. Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 ubi }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 can be translated either by 'where' or by 'when'. It}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
is not certain whether a place or a time is meant here.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab TO [MEETINGS OF] THE HUNDREDS. That is, to the hundred courts.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab WORMELOW [TUMP]. Wormelow Hundred occurs at 1,61 as an 'English' area projecting}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 into the Welsh district of Archenfield. It would be a natural point for the English and Welsh}{
\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 of South Herefordshire to meet; see A7 meeting note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab TO STALL GAME. The Latin is }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 ad stabilitionem}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 . The practice is mentioned in BRK B11}{\insrsid7800816  }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 ad stabilitionem uenationis }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
(literally, 'to the stalling of the hunt'),}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 a fine being payable if a man did not go. In SHR C3 the sheriff sent 36 men on foot to stall game. The method was to drive deer and}{\insrsid7800816  }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 other game from all sides into the centre of a gradually contracting circle of men, where,}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 presumably, there would be a pen or stall in which to trap the animals; see Ellis, }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 General Introduction to Domesday Book}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 111. In}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 CHS R1,40a a cognate word }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 stabilitura }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 seems to imply an enclosure}{
\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 formed of nets or fences, similar in purpose to a 'hay'; see 2,23 enclosures note).}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 C4\tab ESCORTS. Here }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 jneuuardos}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 also }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 inward}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  inguard}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 us}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ]}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 elsewhere in Domesday. They were armed and mounted men detailed to guard the king. The obligation to provide }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
inward }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (frequently coupled with }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 auera }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 'cartage'; see especially in Domesday Cambridgeshire and Hertfordshire)}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 was often com\-
muted to a money payment; see HRT 1,6 cartage note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 C5\tab WHEN A BURGESS ... DIED. See C9 relief note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab PROPERTY. }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Pecuniam}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 In Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 pecunia }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
normally means 'cattle', 'livestock', its original Latin meaning (from}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  pecus}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
'flock', 'herd'). However, it can also mean 'resources', 'money', 'goods', as in the similar list of customary dues in CHS Rl,40g.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 C6\tab THESE [SAME] CUSTOMS. The ones mentioned in C2-5.}
{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 C9\tab ONE OF THESE WAS THE BISHOP'S MONEYER. The letters }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 b}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  a}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  c }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 are interlined over the first letters of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 erat monetari' ep'i}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 presumably to correct the word order to read }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Un' ex his monetari' erat ep'i}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab WAS RENEWED. The manuscript has }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 renouabat' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (= }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 renouabatur}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ),}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
the imperfect passive; Farley misprinted }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 renouat' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (= }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 renouatur}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ),}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 the present passive.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab DIES. The Latin is }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 cunei}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Similar arrangements are found in WOR C1 and SHR C10.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab AFTER THE DAY ... WITHIN ONE MONTH ... KING. Each moneyer had a month in which to pay the king 20s, the month beginning on the day he returned home. Likewise in DOR B1-4, each moneyer had to pay the king 20
s whenever the coinage was changed (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 uertebatur}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and in SHR C11 each of the 3 moneyers in Shrewsbury paid the king 20s on the 15th day.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab RETURNED. That is, from London where the dies were collected. WOR C1 records that each moneyer paid 20s at London for receiving dies for the coinage.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab FULL JURISDICTION. The fullest authority normally exercised by a lord; see Maitland, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday Book and Beyond}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , pp. 80-107.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 20s IN DEATH-DUTY. Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 releuamentum }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 or }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 releuatio }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 was similar to the Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 heregeatu}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Middle English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 heriot}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ;}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
a form of death-duty, payable by an heir on taking up his inheritance. Originally the heriot and the 'relief' were payments in horses and arms, but like many other customary dues in kind they came to be commuted for payments in money; in C5 
both forms of payment appear. See 1,49; NTT S3 death-duty note; Ellis, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 General Introduction to Domesday Book}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. pp. 268-72; Freeman, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 History of the Norman Conquest}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 , v. Appendix, Note II.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 C10\tab INTO WALES WITH AN ARMY. The Welsh of Archenfield were bound by a similar custom; see A8 and 1,49. There was a like custom in Shrewsbury (SHR C4), and in Worcester (WOR C5).}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 C11\tab EARL HAROLD}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 . Son of Earl Godwin and brother of Queen Edith (see 1,9 Edith note); King of England from 6th January to 14th October 1066. Willia
m the Conqueror did not recognize his title to the crown, hence he is referred to as 'Earl' throughout Domesday. He was Earl of East Anglia (1045), received half of Swein's earldom (1046), was Earl of the West Saxons on his father's death in 1053, and Ear
l of Hereford (1058). These customs will equally have applied to the time when he was Earl of Hereford where he had large holdings of land and conducted war against the Welsh; see \{Introduction: The Welsh Border: History\}).}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 C12\tab \'a312 ... TO KING EDWARD AND \'a3
6 TO EARL HAROLD. The division of a borough's total revenues between the king and the earl at a rate of two-thirds to one-third was a common one; see, for example, STS B12, CHS C2;22, SHR C12. For the third penny of the pleas of a county or of a hundred, 
which is quite different, see 19,2 penny note. See also Round, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Geoffrey de Mandeville}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , pp. 287-296; Round, 'Tertius Denarius'.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 C13\tab BREACH OF THE PEACE ... FINE OF 100s. In WOR C4 and SHR C2, the fine of 100s was payable if the peace 'given by the sheriff' was broken; if the peace 'given by the king' was broken the culprit was made an outlaw.}{
\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab HOUSE-BREAKING. }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Heinfaram }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (for }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Hemfaram}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  or }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Heimfaram}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ),}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 accusative, means 'breaking into a house' or 'breach of the peace within a house' (late Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 heimfare}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Old Norse }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 heimfor}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Middle English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 hamfare}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 );}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 see Harmer, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Anglo-Saxon Writs}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , pp. 167, 319, also pp. 79-80 under }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 hamsocn}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab HIGHWAY ROBBERY. }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Forestellum}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  means 'waylaying' or 'ambushing', from Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 foresteall}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ; see Harmer, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Anglo-Saxon Writs}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 81.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 C14\tab 
FRENCH BURGESSES. Earl William (see 1,3 time note) modelled the customs of his French burgesses on those of his Norman borough of Breteuil; see Bateson, 'Laws of Breteuil'. Compare CHS FT 2,19 where the burgesses of Rhuddlan Castle paid only a 12d fine fo
r every crime other than homicide, theft and premeditated breaking and entering.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab DISCHARGED. The Latin is }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 quietas}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
commonly in Domesday meaning 'exempt from tax' (as in 19,10) or 'immune from dues or service' (see 1,44); or, as here, 'quit, settled, discharged'. See }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Revised Medieval Latin Word List}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , under }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 quietantia}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and WOR 2,74 discharged note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 C15\tab C15 BLANCHED PENCE AT FACE VALUE. Or 'white' or 'dealbated': }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 albas}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  candidas }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 or }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 blancas }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 in Domesday. A sample of coin was melted as a test for the presence of 
alloy or baser metal. Money could also be said to be blanched when, without a test by fire, a standard deduction was made to compensate for clipping or alloying; see }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Dialogus de Scaccario}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, p. 125; and 1,6 "orae" note. 'At face value' (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 ad numerum}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 contrasts with Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 ad pensum}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }
{\cf1\insrsid7800816 or Old French }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 ad peis}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  ('by weight').}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 18 MANORS. The manors that pay their }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 firma }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 at Hereford form the first main block of chapter 1 (see HEF 1 king note). There appear to be 19 manors (that is, 1,1-10;39-47) but it is possible that 1
,40-41 were counted as one manor since their payments are combined.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab WHICH PAY. Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 qui }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 is an error for }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 quae}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 referring to the neuter plural }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 maneria}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 See also 1,10c pay note, 1,44 manors note and 31,7 waste note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab \'a3335. In the manuscript there is a black ink spot written diagonally above the dot after }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 ccc}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ;}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
the spot and the dot are reproduced in the Ordnance Survey facsimile rather like a }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 i}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 making the amount of pounds seem to be }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 cccixxxv lib'}
{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Had the scribe needed to insert a }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 i}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  after the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 ccc }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (so that the amount was \'a3
301 (plus) 35), there was room.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 A\tab ARCHENFIELD. This was a Welsh area lying between the River Wye and the River Monnow. It fell into English hands before 1066 and was partially incorporated into England, part remaining with Welsh customs; see \{
Introduction: The Welsh Border: Political Geography\} and 1,49 Archenfield note. Similar customs for Archenfield are given in 1,49.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 A1\tab BEAR THE KING'S DISPATCHES INTO WALES. The Latin is }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 ferunt legationes regis in Wales}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 . It could possibly mean: 'accompany (or conduct) the king's embassies into Wales'.}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 A2\tab A BUNDLE OF SHEAVES. }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Manipulus }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 from Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 manus }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('a hand', 'a handful') has a number of derived meanings. A common Medieval Latin sense is 'a vestment' or 'maniple'; see }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Dictionary of Medieval Latin}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , under }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 manipulus}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ; Ducange, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Glossarium}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , which defines it as }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
una e vestibus ecclesiasticis quae et sudarium appellatur}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  quam in bracchio sinistro deferunt sacerdotes }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('an ecclesiastical vestment, also called a}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  sudarium }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 worn by priests on their left arms'). A common Classical Latin sense is 'sheaf', 'bundle of wheat, corn or barley' which seems appropriate to the context here. In DBY B13 the burgesses of Derby pay 12 thraves (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
trabes}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 of corn, a thrave containing 12 sheaves. A similar sense may be intended here}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 A3\tab 20s
 AS PAYMENT FOR THE MAN. Presumably because the king has lost the service of the dead man. Similarly for the thane's man.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 A5\tab PROVES HIS INNOCENCE. In the manuscript }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 se defend'}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ;}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Farley misprinted }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 de defend'}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{
\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 40 MEN. That is, 40 men who were prepared to swear that he was guiltless.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 A6\tab CONCEALED. The Latin is }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 celauerit}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ;}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 the meaning here is 'kept back', 'not paid'.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab A SESTER OF HONEY. Together with sheep or pig rents, honey is a normal customary due in the Welsh areas of Herefordshire; see \{Introduction: The Welsh Border: Political Geography\}. The sester (Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
sextarium}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is a measure, both liquid and dry, of uncertain and probably variable size; see GLS G1 and GLS 19,2). It was reckoned at 32 ounces for honey; see Zupko, }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Dictionary of English Weights and Measures}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 155.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 A7\tab IF THE SHERIFF SUMMONS THEM. For the judicial, military and financial duties of the sheriff at this period, as well as the depredations many sheriffs carried out, see Morris, 'Office of Sheriff'.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab MEETING OF THE SHIRE. Perhaps at Wormelow Tump (see C3 Wormelow note); possibly in Hereford.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 A8\tab BUT IF THE SHERIFF. An adversative force seems required for }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 nam }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 here, although it usually means 'for'.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 A9\tab CUSTOMS OF THE WELSHMEN. The sentence summarizes what has gone before, section A10 being an addition.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 A10\tab RHYS OF WALES. }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Riset }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 appears to represent the Old French diminutive }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 -et}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
suffixed to Old Welsh }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Ris}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Modern Welsh }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Rhys}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
The man is probably Rhys ap Tewdwr who ruled Deheubarth from }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 c}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 . 1078. He was driven from his kingdom in 1081 by Caradoc ap Gruff
ydd ap Rhydderch and took refuge in Saint Davids. Thereafter, with Norman help and allied with Gruffydd ap Cynan, the deposed ruler of Gwynedd, he consolidated his position in Deheubarth. He seems to have become an ally of King William, Deheubarth being p
erhaps regarded as his fief from which he rendered the customary due mentioned in Domesday here. Norman frontier policy soon changed, and in 1093 Rhys was killed while attacking a party of Normans engaged in fortress building in Brycheiniog; see \{
Introduction: The Welsh Border: History\}.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab "}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 CALCEBUEF".}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Perhaps a surname, although the person is unknown. The second element is perhaps Old French }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 boef}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  buef }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (Modern French }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 boeuf}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 'beef', 'ox'; the first element perhaps a verb. Similar words are }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Escorceboef}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Grindebofe}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ;}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 see Jonsjo, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Middle English Nicknames 1: Compounds}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, pp. 85, 105; Dauzat, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Dictionnaire des Noms de Famille et Pr\'e9noms}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 232. A Philip with the surname }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Chaucebof}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Chacebeof }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 or}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Causebuf }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is found in connection with several Devonshire manors in the thirteenth century; see }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, pp. 265, 612, 1371. The context, however, really requires a Welsh ruler or kingdom. Mr Coplestone-Crow points out that }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Calcebuef }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 might be a corruption of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Kenthlebiac}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 This name occurs in the total of a list of Welsh 
cantrefs in the Red Book of the Exchequer, (Hall, p. 762) and refers to the eastern part of Buellt (Builth) lying 'between the Severn and the Wye': }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 summa xlviii cantredi}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
 exceptis xi cantredis de Pois et vii cantredis inter Sabrinam et Gwaiam}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ;}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  et excepto Buhelt inter Sabrinam et Wayam}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ; }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
in tempore Ris filii Oeni vocata fuit Kenthlebiac}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 . The figure }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 vii }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 should probably be corrected to }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 iii }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and refers to the cantrefs of }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Elfael}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Maelienydd }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Gwerthrynion }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 which occupied approxi\-mately the area of modern Radnorshire. }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Kenthlebiac }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 occurs as }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Cinlipiuc }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 or }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Cinloipiauc }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in Nennius (Morris, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Nennius}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 81 section 70) and is derived from the personal name }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Cynllib}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 a by-form of Saint Cynllo. }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Ris filius Oeni }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 must be Rhys ab Owain, brother of Maredudd ab Owain whom he succeeded as king of Deheubarth (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 c}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 . 1078). Both were defeated during the campaigns of Earl William in 1067-71 (see \{
Introduction: The Welsh Border: History\}). If }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Calcebuef }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Kenthlebiac}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
it was probably conquered but not occupied by Earl William and was in 1086 
continuing to pay tribute to the English king. English settlement was already beginning in the area: a number of the manors recorded by Domesday as 'in the Welsh March' lay within the area of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Kenthlebiac}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 L2\tab THE BISHOP OF HEREFORD. HEF 2 is headed 'Land of the Church of Hereford'.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 L5\tab GLOUCESTER CHURCH. The 'Church of St Peter, Gloucester', in HEF 5.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 L28\tab THE CHAPTER is wrongly numbered '27' here.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 L31\tab GRUFFYDD. 'Gruffydd son of Maredudd' at the head of HEF 31.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 1\tab LAND O
F THE KING. The manuscript, followed by Farley, does not give a number to chapter 1, as happens in several Domesday counties.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab The chapter falls into a number of distinct blocks:

\par \tab \tab 1,1-47: manors that pay their }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 firma }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in Hereford (see C15 manors note). Amon
g them are the great manor of Leominster (1,10-38) and a number of manors in Gloucestershire or Worcestershire (1,39-47) drawn into Herefordshire by Earl William.
\par \tab \tab 1,48: Monmouth Castle.
\par \tab \tab 1,49-60: Lands within Archenfield mostly held from the king by major tenants who have separate chapters elsewhere in Domesday Herefordshire.
\par \tab \tab 1,61-75: Land of the king in various hundreds, mostly on the Welsh border, not contribut\-ing to }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 the firma }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 of Hereford.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 1,1\tab 5 HIDES. The hide is a unit of land measurement, either 
of productivity or of extent or of tax liability, and contained 4 virgates. Administrators attempted to standardize the hide at 120 acres, but incomplete revision and special local reductions left hides of widely differing extents in different areas; see 
JRM in SUS \{Appendix\}. Within the 1086 county of Hereford the hidation of areas that had long been under English rule contrasts with}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
areas that are recently acquired from the Welsh, measured in terms of ploughlands (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 carucatae}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ).}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 'Welsh' hides are also found 
in Herefordshire (1,61. 2,15;56) where Welshmen have settled on areas of English hidation and have been granted their customs. See \{Introduction: The Welsh Border: Political Geography\}.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab ONE NIGHT'S REVENUE. Many royal manors (especially in t
he south-west) had to pay this revenue, which took the place of the normal tax payment. Originally this meant the amount of food needed to support the king and his household for one night. By the eleventh century these food rents were generally commuted, 
though apparently not in the case of Gloucestershire (see GLS 1,9;11;13) nor in that of Dorset (see DOR 1,2-6). Before 1066 \'a380 was a probable figure for one night's revenue, of which a quarter was paid here; after 1066 \'a3
100 is a likely amount; see Poole, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Exchequer in the Twelfth }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Century, p. 29. Manors often combined to provide this rent; see SOM 1,2 revenue note. Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 firma }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
here represents Old English}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  feorm }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('a food rent'). For different meanings of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 firma}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , see 1,1 revenue note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab A}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 MILL AT 8d. In the manuscript and Farley }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 denar'}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ;}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
the Ordnance Survey facsimile does not reproduce the abbrevi\-ation mark, although it is quite clear.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab OF WHITE PENCE. See C15 blanched note .}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab SAINT-MARIE OF CORMEILLES HOLDS. See HEF 3 Cormeilles note. The church held Kingstone (3,1) which may have been adjacent to this holding.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 1 VILLAGER WITH 1 VIRGATE OF LAND. In the manuscript and Farley }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 virg'}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ;}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
the Ordnance Survey facsimile does not reproduce the abbreviation mark, although it is quite clear.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab ANSFRID OF CORMEILLES HOLDS 2 HIDES. In 21,3 Ansfrid holds 2 hides at Aston Ingham in this hundred and they had been held before 1066 by King Edward. The same land may be meant although details differ.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 
WILLIAM SON OF BADERON HOLDS 1 VIRGATE. The land reappears in his fief at 15,3.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab IN HIS REVENUE. Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 firma}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 , Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 feorm}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 The word is used in several related senses in Domesday. Apart from the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 firma unius noctis }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 (1,1 night's revenue note), it generally refers to a fixed-sum pay\-ment or agreed rent, unaffected by changes in value. Depe
nding on the verb or preposition employed, it refers either to the sum received by the king or a noble for his revenue, or the whole revenue itself (for example, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 misit ad firmam}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  (1,70); }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 adiacuerunt ad firmam}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  (16,4); }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 reddit lxii denarios ad firmam regis}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  (1,70))}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 or to the type of payment (for example, }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Hugo tenuit ad firmam de Hunfrido}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  (1,75);}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  sunt haec duo maneria pro xxx solidis ad firmam}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  (28,2)).}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
The first sense is especially common in the case of royal manors in Herefordshire, 18 of them contributing to a single }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 firma }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
(C15); the appropriate translation is: 'put, lie, pay, belong in the (king's) revenue'. The second group of examples shows the manner of payment 'at farm' or 'at a (fixed) revenue'. In some phrases, especially involving the verb }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
ponere }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 ad firmam}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
it is not always clear whether movement of money into a central 'revenue' or the 'farming' of a manor is implied: for example, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 modo est ad firmam pro xiii libris et iii solidis}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  (1,5) could be translated}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 'now it is in the (royal) revenue at \'a313 3s' or 'now it is at a (fixed) revenue for \'a313 3s'. See also 1,2 revenue note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab ARCHENFIELD ... HONEY AND SHEEP. Archenfield (see 1,49 Archenfield note and \{Introduction: The Welsh Border: Political Geography\}) lay between the rivers Wye and Monnow. Linton, li
ke Cleeve (1,8), lay on its borders and seems to have served as a collecting point for the typical Welsh renders of sheep and honey, and probably also as a centre for supervision and consolidation of the newly-won area.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab WILLIAM SON OF NORMAN. See HEF 16 William note. The Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 5, see p. 83 note) places his land at }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Gedelesford'}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 probably Gatsford (SO6126); see 6,1 Brampton note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 6 SHEEP WITH LAMBS. Similar renders of sheep with lambs are to be found on many manors i
n Domesday Somerset, being payable mostly to such large royal manors as South Petherton (SOM 1,4) and Curry Rivel (SOM 1,5); see SOM 1,4 sheep note and SOM 19,17 sheep note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 1,2\tab A SERVANT OF THE KING. The Latin is }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 unus seruiens regis}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 See also in 1,4. }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Servientes regis}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 the King's}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Servants or 'serjeants', occur at the end of several Domesday counties, in a separate chapter,}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
individually named, with, or instead of, the King's Thanes and Almsmen. Unnamed }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 seruientes}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 are also sometimes listed in villages. Their status is uncertain and they may have nothing but}{
\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 the name in common with later 'serjeantries'. See WOR 8,11 Frenchmen note; DOR 26,9 Frenchmen note; LEC 13,63 Frenchmen note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab ONE OUNCE OF GOLD. Written in the left margin of the manuscript with transposition signs to}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 show its correct position in the entry. See LEC 13,21 gold note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab PUT IN THE REVENUE. Or perhaps 'put at revenue', that is, 'put out to 'farm'; see 1,1}{\insrsid7800816  revenue }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab REEVELAND. Land that the sherif
f ('shire-reeve') has exclusively for his own use, all customs, payments and services belonging to him. In 1,75 land has been converted into reeveland. The Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 5, see p. 83 note), records this land in a marginal 
note as at }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Langeford }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 now Longworth (SO5639), the change from 'Longford' being quite recent.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab RALPH OF BERNAY. A supporter of Earl William of Hereford (see \{Introduction: The Welsh Border: History\}
) and sheriff of Hereford (see 1,70) under him. He was imprisoned by King William and his lands fell to the crown. Bemay is in the d\'e9partement of Eure, France.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 1 SMALLHOLDER. As }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 un }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 with a line over the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 n }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 generally abbreviates the accusative }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 unum}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 the smal
lholder is probably also the object of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 posuit}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ;}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 the mill may also have been in Ralph's reeveland.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab FOR HIS USE. The Latin is }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
ad suum opus}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 The meaning of this fairly common Domesday phrase varies with the context. Here a contrast is implied between the money that goes to the king (the \'a3
10 of white pence and the ounce of gold) and what the sheriff receives for administering the land. See DOR 11,1 value note for a correspondence between 'lordship' and 'use' in the value statement, and SOM 6,1 use note for a co
rrespondence between the phrases 'Value for [the holder's] use' and 'Value to [the holder]'. The predominant Latin meaning of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 opus}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
however, is 'work', and there are occasions in Domesday where this is the appropriate rendering. It can also mean 'benefit'; see DEV 15,67 manor note, 'Worcester H2' in WOR \{Appendix\} and probably also in the Lincolnshire }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Clamores}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  (LIN CS19).}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 1,3\tab [?IN STRETFORD HUNDRED]. The heading is a conjecture. In 1316 (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Feudal Aids}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , ii. p. 387)}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Kingstone was in Webtree Hundred which is a l
ater amalgamation of Dinedor Hundred with}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 the southern portion of Stretford Hundred. In 1086, Kingstone will have lain near the edge of both}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 hundreds.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab ANOTHER WOULD BE POSSIBLE. Latin }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 posset esse}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  is}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 subjunctive, perhaps with a different}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 nuance from the indicative}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  potest esse }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 or }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 possunt esse }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (for example, 1,48) here translated 'possible'. The two forms are}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
about equally represented in Herefordshire. The formulae seem to be used as a substitute}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 for the phrase 'land for }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 n }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ploughs' which is common in a number 
of Domesday counties. See 1,3}{\insrsid7800816  land }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab A REEVE. There are some 38 reeves recorded in Domesday Herefordshire apart from the reeve}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 mentioned in the city of Hereford (C2;12; see C2 reeve's note). In most entries they are listed}{
\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 among the villagers with a share in the ploughs and in two cases (2,30;49) they are among the}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
subtenants; they also appear to be linked with the beadle (see 1,10a beadles note). Their functions}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 as local officials, in the manor (1,6) and in the village (2,21), were probably varied; see}{\insrsid7800816  }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 Lennard, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Rural England}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , pp. 272-76.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab TREVILLE. }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Foresta de Trivel }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 186a. The name survives as a parish in an area}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 south of Kingstone that
 is still heavily wooded. It appears to be this wood that has}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 encroached on Didley and "Stane" (2,2).}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab HUNTING RIGHTS ... [THE PRODUCE OF] THE HUNT. Latin 
}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 venatio}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  was}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 originally an}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 abstract noun from }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 venari}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  
}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 meaning 'an act of hunting', 'a hunt'. Already in Classical Latin it can mean}{\insrsid7800816  '}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 game', and here 'venison', for which a Medieval Latin word }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 venisona }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
exists, may be implied. Ducange, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Glossarium}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , defines }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 venatio }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 as }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 ferina}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
 ferae ipsae quae inter venandum capiuntur aut interficiuntur }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('the}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 flesh of wild animals or the animals themselves caught or killed in hunting').}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab THE SHIRE. Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 scira }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 is from Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 scir}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 : 'something sheared', 'something cut off'}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 'shire' equivalent to Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 comitatus }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 'county' as in}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 C15.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab ILBERT SON OF TUROLD }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 HOLDS 2 HIDES. The Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 6, see p. 83 note) locates the land}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 at }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Hungareston'}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 now Hungerstone (SO4435).}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab CUSOP ... ROGER OF LACY. The identity of the village is uncertain. There is a Cusop near}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Hay-on-Wye which would have been a remote outlier of Kingstone on the very edge of the}{
\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Golden Valle, or in Ewias. It should reappear in Roger}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 of Lacy's fief, and may be concealed under another name in the unidentified lands he held}{\insrsid7800816  }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 in the Golden Valley (10,16-18). There is another Cusop near Bromyard (SO6451), but}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 there are no Lacy lands adjacent.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab "WAPLEFORD".}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 The Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 6, see p. 83 note) has a marginal entry }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Waplefora i hid' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and in a}{
\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 second hand }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 terra Laur' in Kingest'}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 thus locating it as a part of Kingstone.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab EARL WILLIAM'S TIME. The phrase, which also occurs in 1,72, replaces the more normal}{\insrsid7800816  }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 T.R.E. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 or }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 T.R.W. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
('in King Edward's time') or ('in King William's time'), translated in this series 'before}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 1066' or 'after 1066'. It refers to the period between 1067 and 1071 when William son of}{\insrsid7800816  }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 Osbern (William Fitz Osbern), brother of Bishop Osbern of Exeter, was 'palatine' Earl of}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Hereford and, among other powers, allocated lands in the king's place. Because Domesday concerns}{
\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 itself largely with the tenurial position at two dates, 1066 and 1086, much of the detail of}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Earl William's grants is obscured. The grants of small parcels and tithes of royal land to the}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 abbeys of Cormeilles and Lyre, both his foundations, are witness to his administration of}{\insrsid7800816  }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 the king's estates, as is his drawing into Herefordshire of the revenues of a number of}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Worcestershire manors (1,39 lands note). Equally he was responsible for settling a number of Norman families, including the Lac
ys (HEF 10) on the Welsh frontier and is mentioned as allocating lands to them at 1,5;61;65. 2,8. 10,41;50;66. 25,9. 29,18. 31,1;7, as well as adjusting manorial boundaries (see 1,4;44. 29,1). On his period as 'palatine' earl, see \{
Introduction: The Welsh Border: History\}
. William was joint 'regent' of England with Odo of Bayeux during King William's absence in 1067 and was responsible for defending the Welsh border. He was married to Adeline, sister of Ralph of Tosny (HEF 8 Ralph note) and died in battle in 1071.}{
\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab HE COULD GO TO WHICHEVER LORD HE WOULD. He was free to choose any lord as his patron and protector of his lands. Many holdings were 'tied' to a particular manor; see 10,39;54. 15,3. 23,6. 29,19. 34,1.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab LAND FOR 2 PLOUGHS. The estimated number of ploughlands is rarely recorded in Domesday Herefordshire. They are regularly entered for example in nearby Warwickshire and Stafford\-
shire, but only in a few places in Gloucestershire and Worcestershire. The formula, together with }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 carucata }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 derived from it (
see 1,48 carucates note), is a convenient way of giving the true arable extent without the complexities associated with the hide (see 1,1 hides note) and is used where, as in the case of some of the Herefordshire castleries, the land has not been hidated 
(see, for example, 8,1). See SOM 1,3 land note; and also Moore, 'Domesday Teamland'.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 1 HAWK. Hawks were often included in renders to the king; see WOR C2 hawk note. Sometimes, as here in 25,4, such renders took the place of the value statement in an entry.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 1,4\tab [IN "TORNELAUS" HUNDRED]. The hundred head is supplied from 35,1 (compare 10,11).}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab MARDEN. Additional information concerning the royal manor is given in C3 and 10,11.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 2 PLOUGHMEN. }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Bouarii}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 literally men who look after the oxen (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 boues}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ).}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Their status was uncertain, some perhaps being servile, while }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 bouarii liberi }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('free ploughmen') are mentioned at 8,2. 9,6-7;9. See Nelson, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Normans in South Wales}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , pp. 51-57; Round in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Worcestershire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 274, and in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. pp. 288-89; Tait in }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Shropshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. pp. 302-304.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 4 FREEDMEN. }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Coliberti}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
former slaves. A continental term, not otherwise found in England, used in Domesday to render a native term, stated on three occasions to be (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 ge}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 bur }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
(WOR 8,10a. HAM l,10;23). The }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 coliberti }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 are found mainly i
n the counties in Wessex and western Mercia, particularly in Wiltshire and Somerset. Some of them at least seem to have held land and ploughs and paid various dues, as in 1,6 here and in WOR 8,7 and GLS 8,1. Only 16 }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 coliberti }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 occur in Domesday Herefordshire: here and at 1,5-6; in each case they are entered at the end of the list of population, after the slaves. See Vinogradoff, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 English Society in the Eleventh Century}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 , pp. 468-69; Maitland, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday Book and Beyond}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , pp. 36-37, 328-30. On (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 ge}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 bur}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 see 2,12 boors note and BRK 1,31 boors note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 25 STICKS OF EELS. A stick contained 25 eels. Renders of eels (as well as money) from mills are common in Domesday Herefordshire; presumably they were taken from the mill-pond.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab FISHERY. Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 piscariae }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('fisheries') were
 not simply places where fishing was done, but 'an apparatus for the catching of fish - perhaps some sort of weir or hatch ... perhaps almost any kind of contrivance for the purpose': Lennard, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Rural England}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, p. 248. Compare 1,39 weirs note. Usually, though not in this case, a fishery rendered fish or money or, as in the case of the fishery at Portchester in Hampshire (HAM 35,4), it was reserved for the supply of the lord's hall.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab SALT-HOUSES IN DROITWICH. See WOR 1,3a Droitwich note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab PACKLOADS OF SALT. }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Summae salis}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 The size of the packload is unknown, but in the case of salt in Cheshire (CHS S1,4) it contained 15 }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 bulliones }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('boilings'). It is also used of corn in Domesday.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab WILLIAM SON OF NORMAN HOLDS 3 HIDES, LESS 1 VIRGATE. In 16,3-4 he holds Venns Gr
een and The Vern, 2 hides in all, said to have been attached to the revenue of Marden. The discrepancy in the hidage seems to be accounted for by deducting the land of Norman the pigman and the 1 virgate put outside the manor by Earl William, despite the 
different holders, but it is possible that one or two entries for 3 virgates in Marden were omitted from William's holding in HEF 16.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab NORMAN THE PIGMAN }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 HOLDS \'bd HIDE. The Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 6, has a marginal note }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Pag' de Burhop' dim' h'}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, probably implying that the land was at Burghope (SO5050) in Wellington parish; see 10,11 hide note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 1 VIRGATE OUTSIDE THIS MANOR. Probably the virgate of Stephen (35,1).}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab BOTH OPEN LAND AND MEADOW. Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 inter planam terram 7 pratum}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ; similar phrases are found elsewhere in Domesday, for example, in GLS 1,57. 10,11. WOR 8,6. 9,2. 10,11. HRT 10,9.}{
\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 3 RIDING MEN. Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 radchenist}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 res}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ] is}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 from Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
rad-cniht }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (plural }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 radcnihtas}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ),}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 similar to }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 radmen }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 which is Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
rad-mann}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  (plural }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 radmen}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 though regularly written }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 radmans}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  radmanni }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 in Domesday), the latter being translated here as 'riders' to maintain the distinction. Of higher standing than villagers, they are glossed twice as }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 liberi}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 homines }
{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in GLS 1,15 and 19,2; in WOR 8,9b and 8,10a }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 liberi homines }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 radmans}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  respectively}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
perform similar services. However, they were apparently not allowed to leave the manor (see the present entry and GLS 3,1). Originally they were men who rode with messages or on escort duty, for the king o
r for their lord (see WOR 2,29); they also worked their own lands and those of their lord (see 29,4; also WOR 8,10a and GLS 1,24). From 1,10a it would seem that they also paid dues. The term }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 radman }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
is common in north-west Mercia, up to the River Ribble. In the south-\-western Welsh Marches and in Hampshire the form }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 radchenist}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 res}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ]}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 predominates. In Herefordshire there appear to be 30 }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 radmans }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and 47 }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 radchenistres }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
mainly in the centre and north of the county. In this entry the 3 }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 radchenist}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 res}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ]}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 appear to be the same as the 2 }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 radmans }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and a named subtenant in 16,3-4; see 1,10a riders note. For discussion, see }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Worcestershire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. pp. 250-51; Maitland, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Domesday Book and Beyond}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , pp. 57, 66, 305-308; Vinogradoff, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 English Society in the Eleventh Century}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , pp. 69-71; Nelson, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Normans in South Wales}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 , pp. 44-51.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab PRODUCE OF THIS MANOR'S LAND. Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 merces }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 normally means 'goods', 'sale',
\par \tab 'price'; here probably it means 'profits', 'revenue from produce'.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 1,5\tab 
[IN "HEZETRE" HUNDRED]. The heading is conjectural, but is applied elsewhere in the text to all the members listed below, apart from Hopleys Green which was in Elsdon Hundred in 1086. See 1,64 Burlingjobb note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab KINGSLAND. Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Lene}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 . The Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 7, see p. 84 note) has a marginal note }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Kingeslene}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 . }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Lene }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
is the Anglicized form of Old Welsh }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Lien }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (from hypothetical }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Lion}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  or }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Lian}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ),}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 the name of a district on the River Arrow and the River Lugg. The name is found also in "Lene" Hundred (1,6), Leominster (Welsh }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Llanllieni}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ),}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Eardisland, Monkland, Lyonshall and in Leen farm (between Pembridge and Staunton-on-Arrow at SO3859). See Ekwall, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Dictionary of English Place-Names}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , under Leominster.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab PASTURE. The only occurrence of pasture (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 pastura}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
in Domesday Herefordshire apart from in 8,2. This lack of entries for pasture (paralleled in Domesday Staffordshire, Shropshire and other midland counties) is unusual, but there are seven references to meadow only for the oxen; see 7,3 meadow note.}{
\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab FROM CUSTOMARY DUES ... COME 100s. Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 exeunt }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is used here in the sense of its noun derivative }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 exitus }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('payment', 'revenue').}{
\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab "MERESTONE".}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 This name was tentatively identified as ?Marston in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 313, but was left unidentified by }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 . It occurs as }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 MERESTONE}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  in the manuscript and Farley; the Ordnance Survey facsimile reproduces }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 MERESTON.}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 presumably because the final }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 E }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is partly obscured by a smudge from the ink blot on the facing folio 180a (see 1,8 pays note). }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Merestun }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is the form used in 9,1. Ralph of Mortimer built Wigmore Castle there; see 1,19 Wigmore note. In the place-name }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Merestun}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 locative }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Merestune }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (= }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Merestone}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ),}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 the final element is Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 tun }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('a farmstead, an estate'), but the first element is ambiguous: either Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 mere }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('a lake', 'a pool'), or Old English (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 ge}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 )}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 maere }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('a boundary'); compare Marston Stannett (1,10a) and see 1,10a Marston note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab HOPLEYS [GREEN] ... STREET ... LAWTON. Roger's lands are found in his fief at 10,43;41;40 respectively. Of these Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Hope}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  was left unidentified by }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 313, but was identified as Hopleys (Green) in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ; see 10,43 Hopleys note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab ANOTHER MANOR. In the manuscript and Farley }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 M }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 with a line over it}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (= }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 manerium}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 )}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 as usual; the Ordnance Survey facsimile does not reproduce the abbreviation line, presumably because of the ink smudge mentioned in 1,5 "Merestone" note, although the line over }{\i\f720\cf1\insrsid7800816 ali
\'fb}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  (similarly partly obscured) is reproduced.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab WALTER OF LACY. He had been a 
major landholder in Gloucestershire and Herefordshire and had been settled by Earl William in the castlery of Ewyas Harold (10,1) to strengthen the defence of the border against the Welsh; see Orderic Vitalis, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Ecclesiastical History}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  (Chibnall, ii. pp. 260-61) and \{Introduction: The Welsh Border: History\}
. Walter helped to crush the revolt of Roger, Earl William's son. He was a benefactor of the Churches of St Peter in both Gloucester and Hereford. On his death in 1085, he was succeeded by his son Roger; see HEF 10 Roger note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab "ALAC".}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
The name recurs at 1,34. If it refers to one place, then it appears that in 1086 the village was divided between "Hezetre" Hundred and the great manor of Leominster (1,34). John Freeman observes that the name-form most likely represents Old English }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 halh }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 or }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 halc }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
'a nook', 'a corner of land'; a water-meadow' (as it were, in the bend of a river); 'a recess', but it could represent not one but two elements, that is, an Old English place-name }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 aet lace }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 or }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 aet lacum }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 'at the stream(s)' from Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 lacu}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 perhaps with the Old French preposition }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 a }
{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('at') substituted for Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 aet}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ;}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 or a Normanized name from Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 lacu}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  La lac }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 or }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Lalac}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 with the French feminine definite article }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 la }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
(compare 2,3 Noakes note for discussion of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Lacre }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 33,1), from which the initial }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 l-}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  has been lost by dissimilation; or Norman }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 a l' }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 (preposition 'at' with definite article) translating an Old English place-name }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 aet thaere ace }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 'at the oak' (from Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 ac}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ).}{
\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab \tab The appearance of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Ach }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in the list of Leo
minster lands granted to Reading Abbey (see 1,10a Leominster note) seems to bear out John Freeman's last suggestion. If this is so, the place is perhaps represented by Cold Oak in Newton (SO4953), more likely, in view of the geographical list of granted l
ands, than Court of Noke in Pembridge (SO3759) or Knoakes Court (SO4555) which are, however, nearer to Kingsland of which a part of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Alac }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
was a member. Certainty is impossible before a full study of Herefordshire place-names is published.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab VALUE. The Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 valebat }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 or }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 valuit}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  ('it was worth',}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 past tenses) and }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 valet}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('it is worth', present tense) normally mean the amount due to lords from their lands; see 1,2. 24,13. }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Reddit }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
(past }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 reddidit}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ),}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 as in 1,3-4}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 etc., has a similar meaning; SOM \{Introduction: Related or 'Satellite' Texts\}
and DOR 1,7 value note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab IN THE REVENUE AT. See 1,1 revenue note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 1,6\tab "LENE" HUNDRED. The hundred is not found elsewhere in Domesday and if it is not an alternative name for another hundred it will have been a royal manor with the status 
of a hundred: other examples are Wormelow Hundred (1,61 Wormelow note) and a number of small hundreds in Somerset; see SOM \{Introduction: Hundreds\}.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab EARDISLAND.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Lene }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (see 1,5 Kingsland note); The Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 7, see p. 84 note),}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
has a marginal }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Orleslene}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 which appears in the thirteenth century as }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Erleslene}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
that is 'earl's "Lene"' (Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 eorl}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Middle English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 erle}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ),}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
referring presumably to Earl Morcar, who held it before 1066. }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 313, without access to the Herefordshire Domesday, identified Kingsland. }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday Gazetteer}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816  has Eardisland.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab EARL MORCAR. Son of Earl Algar (10,58 Algar note); he stirred the Northumbrians to revolt}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 against Earl Tosti in 1065, and was chosen their earl, and eventually recognized as such by}{
\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Harold. He submitted to King William, but rebelled twice and was in custody at the time of}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 the Domesday Survey.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 2 \'bd SHEEP. Presumably 2 sheep one year and 3 the next; see Lennard, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Rural England}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 369 note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab OF THESE TWO MANORS. That is, Kingsland and Eardisland.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab HIS LADY. That is, Morcar's wife. There is a similar entry in SHR 4,1,21 referring}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 to the wife of Earl Edwin, Morcar's brother.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 18 "ORAE"}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 OF PENCE. An "ora"}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 was literally an ounce; a unit of currency still in use in}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Scandinavia. It was reckoned at either 16d or 20d. The 16d rate was the normal rate; the}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 20d rate was primarily a unit of account, found on estates in the king's hands (see 1,39) and}{\insrsid7800816  }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 was payment 'at face value'. For every 16d due in revenue, 20d was collected, the result}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
being equivalent to a payment in 'blanched' or assayed money (as in GLS 1,58); see C15 blanched note; Harvey, \lquote Royal Revenue and Domesday Terminology\rquote }{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 1,7\tab [MUCH] MARCLE.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  In 1,10c the manor is said to have been part of Leominster before 1066.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab WHICH PAY TAX. [***]. The Latin is }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 geld'}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 assumed to be expanded to }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 geldantes }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
'paying tax' (translated}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 'which pay tax' in this series), rather than to }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 geldant }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('they pay tax'). }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Geldantes }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is written out
}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in full in many identical phrases in Domesday Gloucestershire (for example, GLS 11,9. 28,4. 31,2). }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Geldantes }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is interlined}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
above }{\i\f713\cf1\insrsid7800816 In Frome sunt x hid\'ea }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in 2,21; in 2,47 }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 est geld' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is found which can only be}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 expanded to }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 est geldans}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 However, in 2,49;51 and on a few other occasions, the correct}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 expansion is probably }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
geldant}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ;}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 also }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 7}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 geld' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 which occurs, for example, in 1,69 and 2,7, is probably}{\insrsid7800816 
 }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 7}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 gelda}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 n}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 t}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Later abstracts of Domesday often use }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 geldabiles }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('taxable').}{\insrsid7800816 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab \tab The rest of the line after }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 geld' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is left blank in the manuscript, possibly for some other information}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 on the manor to be inserted later.}
{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab VILLAGERS PLOUGH AND SOW WITH THEIR OWN SEED. This service occurs also in}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 1,10a (see 1,10a plough note) and in WOR 8,5-7. Also see Robertson, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 , nos. 109 (pp. 204-207, 451-}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 54) and 110 (pp. 206-207, 454-56) for the same customs in eleventh-century surveys of}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
manors at Tidenham in Gloucestershire (GLS 1,56) and Hurstbourne Priors in Hampshire (HAM 3,6); the date of the Hurstbourne text is defined at Robertson p. 454.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab BELONG TO WILLIAM SON OF BADERON. In 15,4 he holds \'bd hide of the king's manor}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 of [Much] Marcle.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab WOODLAND. Timber was used as fuel for salt production in Droitwich; see WOR 2,15.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 60 MEASURES OF SALT. The Latin is }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 mittas salis}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 . A }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 mitta }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 was commonly reckoned as 8 bushels; see}{\insrsid7800816  }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Worcestershire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 270, ii. p. 257.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 4 BURGESSES WHO PAY 18 PLOUGHSHARES. A burgess in Gloucester (GLS 39,12) similarly pays 4}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ploughshares (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 soccos}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ); see also GLS 
68,12. Compare 1,41 here.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab "TURLESTANE". Unidentified. The iron may well have come from the extensive deposits in}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 the Forest of Dean, the salmon probably from the River Wye, perhaps locating the place in the}{
\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 area of Perrystone Court (SO6229).}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 50 LUMPS OF IRON. Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 massas ferri}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ;}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 the quantity of iron represented by a }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 massa}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 which may}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 not have been a standard measure at all, is unknown. Compare }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 blomas ferri }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
('blooms of iron') in 17,1 and see 17,1 blooms note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab THE FOREST. That is, the Forest of Dean; see \{Introduction: Forest\}.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab 58 ACRES OF LAND, CLEARED. Above the Latin }{\i\insrsid7800816 proiecte}{\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\insrsid7800816  }{\insrsid7800816 literally 'thrown out (of the wood)', is written }{\i\insrsid7800816 essarz }{\insrsid7800816 
from Anglo-Norman }{\i\insrsid7800816 assarter}{\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\insrsid7800816  }{\insrsid7800816 Old French }{\i\insrsid7800816 essarter}{\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\insrsid7800816  }{\insrsid7800816 ('to clear of woo
d', 'convert to arable'). It appears in this form in 10,48-49 and is Latinized as }{\i\insrsid7800816 de exsartis }{\insrsid7800816 in 1,10a. The modern English is 'assart'. These are the only occurrences of the term in Domesday.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 1,8\tab CLEEVE. Lying just south of Ross-on-Wye on the eastern bank 
of the River Wye, this composite manor, like Linton in the same hundred, served to supervise the Welsh district of Archenfield. Two members of the manor, Wilton and Ashe Ingen, were geographically within Archenfield, though dependencies of Cleeve, and ill
ustrate how Archenfield was being colonized from the}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 English bank of the River Wye before 1066. Kings Caple, another member (see 1,8 forest note and 1,8 virgate note), though}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
east of the River Wye, is said in 1,55 to be in Archenfield.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 9 MALE ... SLAVES. In the manuscript }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 vii }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is underlined for deletion with }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 ix }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 interlined as a correction.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab WITH 1 VILLAGER. In the manuscript the scribe accidentally erased part of the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 u }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 uill'o }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 at the}{\insrsid7800816  }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 same time as erasing a figure under the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 .i.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ; Farley printed }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 uill'o }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 complete.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab IN KING WILLIAM'S FOREST. The Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 9, see p. 84 note) places the land at }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Chingescaple}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (Kings Caple, SO5628).}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab WILLIAM BADERON. Probably an error for William son of Baderon, the normal Domesday}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 designation, although the former occurs in GLS G 4. The father's name is}{\insrsid7800816  }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 perhaps on the point of becoming a surname, as Richard Scrope occasionally occurs for}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Richard son of Scrope. William's land was at Wilton (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Wilton' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
in the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 9, see p. 84 note).}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab GODFREY HOLDS 1 VIRGATE. It was in Kings Caple, given as }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Caple W. de Clinton' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 9, see p. 84 note).}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab ASHE [INGEN].}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  The Domesday form is }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Ascis}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ; the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 9, see p. 84 note) has a marginal }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Hing'}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 thus identifying}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 the land. It is given again under Archenfield in 1,57. The Domesday form is dative plural ('at the}{\insrsid7800816  }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 ash-trees') of a Latinized form, hypothetical }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 asca}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 for Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 aesc }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('an ash tree').}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab WHEN HE DIED. At the battle of Hastings, on 14th October 1066}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab THIS MANOR PAYS ... . There is an ink blot in the manuscript which partially obscures }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Hoc M'}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Rex }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
in the line below (in 1,9).}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 1,9\tab STANFORD. The manor had belonged to Leominster before 1066; see 1,10c. The parish is named Stanford Bishop, from a holding of the Bishop of Hereford (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Feudal Aids}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, ii. p. 384) not named in Domesday and either included by it in the total of Bromyard (2,49) or a later acquisition. The present Domesday holding was Kings Stanford or Stanford Regis (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, pp. 806, 1482), a lost part of Stanford Bishop parish. In }{\i\insrsid7800816 Lay Subsidy Roll (1334)}{\insrsid7800816 , }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 p. 123, it is associated with Grendon Warren, and in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Feudal Aids}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, ii. p. 384, with Avenbury and Hopton Sollers. The 1 hide of 10,73, known as 'Stanford', may be represented by Hyde Farm (SO6652) and with the 4 hides of this holding will have made a five-hide unit.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab QUEEN EDITH. Wife of King Edward the Confessor, daughter of Earl Godwin. She died in 1075.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 4 HIDES. [***]. In the manuscript there is a gap of about 5 letters' width after }{\i\f713\cf1\insrsid7800816 hid\'ea }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 probably left either for a fraction of a hide or for some such word(s) as }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 geld' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 or }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 non geld' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 to be added later. There are a number of suc
h gaps left after the hidage of manors has been given in Herefordshire as also in Domesday Worcestershire, Gloucestershire and Shropshire. Sometimes as here (and at 2,9. 7,5. 10,23. 16,4. 19,5. 21,6. 23,3. 25,4. 26,1. 29,13) there is a dot after the hidag
e
, sometimes not (as at 2,8;52. 6,3. 10,22. 14,4. 17,1. 19,4. 22,8. 24,2. 29,7;15). Sometimes (as in 2,52. 14,4(?). 16,4. 22,8. 23,3. 25,4(?). 26,1. 29,7(?)) there are erasures after the hidage; unless, as in 29,16, a line is drawn to cover the erasure, it
 is not clear whether the scribe intended the space to be left for later filling and so did not write over the erasure, or whether the erasure was done at the correcting stage of the work.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 4 SMALLHOLDERS WITH. The gap before }{\i\f720\cf1\insrsid7800816 c\'fb }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('with') shown by Farley is 
due to an erasure in the manuscript. Farley did not always leave gaps for such erasures; see, for example, l,20 plough note and 1,44 Pull note).}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 1,10a\tab LEOMINSTER. Leominster was a large composite manor that had been the property of Leominster Abbey, founded }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 c}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 . 660 by Merewald said to be brother (Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
germanus}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ) of Wulfhere of Mercia (657-674); see Florence of Worcester, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Chronicle}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  (Thorpe, i. p. 33). After its destruction by the Danes, perhaps }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 c}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 . 870, it was restored and enriched in 980 by Leofric of Mercia and his wife Godiva; see John of Worcester,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Chronicle}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
 (Darlington and McGurk, ii. pp. 582-83). However, in 1046 it was dissolved as a result of Earl Swein's making Abbess Eadgifu his mistress following his Welsh campaign; see John of Worcester,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Chronicle}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  (
Darlington and McGurk, ii. pp. 548-49); the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, under the year 1046. After its dissolution it fell to the crown and had not been fully allotted to other holders at the time of the Domesday Survey. The manor appears to have been treated 
a
s a large scattered ecclesiastical hundred, similar to 'Oswaldslow', Pershore and Westminster Hundreds in Worcestershire, Deerhurst and Tewkesbury Hundreds in Gloucestershire, or the hundred of the Bishop of Wells in Somerset. Of these, Westminster Hundre
d seems to have been treated as a single manor (see WOR 8,22 outlier note). Domesday omits a hundred heading above the present entry, as above the similar hundreds of Pershore and Westminster in Domesday Worcestershire.}{\insrsid7800816 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid5851405 \tab \tab }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday records 80 hides in the manor before 1066 (1,10a): of these, 60 are in lordship in 1086 (1,10a) and another 18 \'bd
 hides are in the hands of subtenants (1,10c); the discrepancy is perhaps accounted for by the land of Leofwin Latimer (1,10c) which is only given a value. Further lands,
 additional to the 80 hides, are given in 1,11-36 as having belonged to Leominster before 1066 and these, together with Stanford and [Much] Marcle (1,10c), will have given Leominster Abbey a total holding of over 130 hides.}{\insrsid7800816 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab \tab These lands appear in the Book of Fees, Feudal Aids and early feudal lists as parts of the scattered Hundred of Leominster; much later they are in the enlarged Hundred of 'Wolfhay'; see \{Introduction: Hundreds\}
. Nuns, a remnant of the former community, con
tinued to be supported by some of the lands (see 1,10b), and its former abbess may be the one mentioned as holding Fencote (1,14). Leominster with the tithes and churches of many of its former lands was granted to Reading Abbey in 1123. In effect, Reading
 was enriched by being merged with the nunneries of Cholsey (Berkshire) and Leominster; see John of Worcester,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Chronicle}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
 (Darlington and McGurk, ii. pp. 540-41). By then, some of Leominster's lands were in other hands; see List 3 Leominster note; Kemp, 'Monastic Dean of Leominster'. This grant to Reading Abbey by Richard, Bishop of Hereford, is in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Monasticon Anglicanum}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , iv. p. 56. The list of lands includes the majority of the Domesday places, listed in geographical order, with some additions. These are in s
ome cases parts of Domesday villages not mentioned as belonging to Leominster in 1086, such as ?Woonton (see 2,52 "Winetune" note), Titley, Whyle, Pudleston and Croft, as well as some places altogether unmentioned: 'Lene', Kinnersley (SO3449), Hennor (SO5
358), }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Herntun}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Drayton (SO5366) and Eye (SO4963). See Knowles and Hadcock, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Medieval Religious Houses}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , pp. 55, 69.}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab AYMESTREY.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  The Domesday form is }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Elmodestreu}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 . The Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 9, has the same form in its text, with }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
vel Bedmodestreu }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 interlined. The spelling }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Aylmondestre }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 found in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Feudal Aids}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, ii. p. 377, provides an interesting clue. John Freeman observes that Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Elmodestreu }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 represents the Old English personal name }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 \'c6thelmod }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
in the genitive singular, and Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 treow}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  treo }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('a tree'); that the interlinear insertion }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Bedmodestreu }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
indicated that the place had another name, from Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Beadumodes-treo }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('Beadumod's tree'), at the time of the annotation, whilst the marginal form }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Eilmundestro }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 in the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 11, [whence }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Aylmondestre }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Feudal Aids}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, ii. p. 377, noted by Frank Thorn, and the subsequent development noted by Bannister, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Place-Names of Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, and the modern form (JMcND)] appear to indicate a change of the second theme of the personal name from }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 -mod }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 to }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 -mund}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 John Freeman points out that if the form }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Elmodestreu }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 had appeared only once in Domesday it could have been taken to be a form of}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Elmondestreu }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
with }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 -mod- }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in error for }{\i\f720\cf1\insrsid7800816 -m\'f4d- }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 standing for }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 -mond- }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (Anglo-Norman, for Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
-mund-}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ),}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 but the occurrence of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 -mod- }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
three times seems to reduce this possibility: 'One thus appears to be dealing with three distinct personal names: }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 \'afthelmod }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (Domesday, the Herefordshire Domesday), }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Beadumod }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 (the Herefordshire Domesday) and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 \'afthelmund }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
(the Herefordshire Domesday and later forms)'. He then observes the possibility that the name of the estate at Aymestrey is here changing along a dynastic succession, in a family with alternating name-themes }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 \'afthel- }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 -mod}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Compare F.M. Stenton in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Introduction to the Survey of English Place-Names}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, i. pp. 168-169; and Dodgson, 'Two Coals to Newcastle'. See also 29,9 "Almundestune" note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab ASHTON.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Estune }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 can represent Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 \'e6sctun }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('farm where ashes grow') or Old English }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 east-tun }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('eastern farm'). The modern descendants of these are usually Ashton and Easton or Aston respectively. There is an Aston in Kingsland (SO4662), but the list of Leominster lands in }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Monasticon Anglicanum}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , iv. p. 56, includes }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Esscetuna }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Ayston }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Feudal Aids}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 , ii. p. 383, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Asshton'}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  in }{\i\insrsid7800816 Lay Subsidy Roll (1334)}{\insrsid7800816 , }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
p. 130), suggesting that this place is Ashton in the township of Eye, Moreton and Ashton in Eye Ancient parish.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab MARSTON [STANNETT]. The order of entries in this list is geographical. 'Marston' appearing between Stoke [Prior] and Upton is likely to be a part of Marston [Stannett], rather than Marston in Pembridge as }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 314. The place was left unidentified by }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab \tab Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Mersetone }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 indicates Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 tun }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('farmstead', 'estate') and the element Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 m\'e6rse }
{\cf1\insrsid7800816 'boundary; boundary stream, line, mark' (which has been supposed in the name of the River Mersey in Lancashire and Cheshire, and of Marshfield, Gloucestershire), rather than the more usual (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 ge}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 maere }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('boundary') in genitive singular inflexion as in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Merestone }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (1,5).}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab UPTON. In Brimfield parish. The Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 10) gives the hidage of this member: }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Upetona i h}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab [MILES] HOPE. The tentative identification is that of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 314 (where Miles Hope is called 'Hope in Laysters'), followed by }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 . It is perhaps Hope-under-Dinmore; see 6,5 Hope note. Mr Coplestone-Crow points out that if the Miles who named this Hope is Miles }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 de Mucegros }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
or Miles Picard, then Miles Hope was probably a part of Laysters (11,2) held by Roger of Mussegros in 1086. If this is so, the present }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Hope}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  is to be sought elsewhere.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab BRIERLEY. John Freeman notes: }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 'Bretlege }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in Domesday, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Bradelega }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 10), }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Brereley }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in 1539 (Bannister, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Place-Names of Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
). The second element in all three early forms is Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 leah }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('a wood', 'a glade'), the Domesday form representing the dative singular }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 leage}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 At first sight the Domesday and the Herefordshire Domesday forms appear to contain different elements. That in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Bretlege }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 seems to be Old English }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 bred }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('a board', 'a plank') with Anglo-Norman }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 -t- }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 for }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 -d-}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  [see von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid7800816 P
re-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid7800816 ,}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  \'a7 102(3)]. The meaning of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Bred-leah }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 would be 'wood where planks were got'. The first element of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Bradelega }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 seems to be Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 brad }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('broad') ... '(at the) broad wood or glade' '. He concludes that the place 
had alternative names or that its name had changed between the compilation of Domesday and of the Herefordshire Domesday transcripts. 'Possibly the original element was }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 bred}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 which was replaced by the much more common element }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 brad }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 by analogy with other names. The 1539 form }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Brereley }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
and the modern form Brierley, if they refer to the same place as Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Bretlege}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 show a substitution of a new first element, Old English }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 brer}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('briars'). The only way in which }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Brereley }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 might be derived from the same element as that of }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Bretlege }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 would be to assume that the first element of both was Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 brerd }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('a rim', 'an edge', 'a border', probably also 'a hill-side'); see }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 English Place-Name Elements}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. under }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 brerd}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , and compare Bredwardine (see 19,5 Bredwardine note). The first }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 -r-}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  of }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Brerd- }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 could have been lost by dissimilation from the second }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 -r-}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , giving }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Bred-}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 and one would then need to assume a loss of the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 -d- }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in the consonant-group }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 -rdl- }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 to produce a form }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Brereley }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 by 1524. In view of the phonetic difficulties involved in linking the three extant forms of the name, the identification of the Domesday form with Brierley ought perhaps to be regarded as tentative.'}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab IVINGTON. }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Iuintune }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in the manuscript; Farley misprinted }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Lumtune}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
The first letter is clearly a capital }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 I}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 - and the last three minim strokes of the first element divide into -}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 in}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 -}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
rather than -}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 m}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 -.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 
LEINTHALL. Probably covering the modern parishes of Leinthall Earls and Leinthall Starkes.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 \tab FARLOW. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 It is now a pari
sh, but with a more complex earlier history. In 1086 and later it was a remote outlier of Herefordshire, geographically within Shropshire. SHR 4,28,5 records that 'a manor, Farlow, at 1 hide and 3 virgates lies in Leominster, the king's manor in Herefords
hire'.}{\insrsid7800816 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab \tab 
In the Shropshire text, the main scribe of Great Domesday wrongly placed Farlow among an appendix to Earl Roger's lands (SHR 4,28), for the text makes clear that Widard held directly from the king. Despite its being an outlier of Leominster, it is 
there surveyed in the Shropshire hundred of 'Conditre'. Farlow was later regarded as a chapelry of Stottesdon Ancient Parish, Shropshire, the only part of that parish to be in Herefordshire, in which county it remained until 1844.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 

\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 8 BEADLES. Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 bedellus}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ;}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
an under-bailiff, unpopular, with minor police functions. In Domesday Herefordshire 13 beadles are recorded for 1086 (7 here, and one each in 1,39-41;44. 2,39. 10,9), more than for any other county in Domesday, though this may be accidental. As the b
eadle is listed after the reeve in all but the last two of these entries, he may have been his assistant. See Lennard, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Rural England}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 277.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 82 SLAVES ... 230 PLOUGHS. From this entry it would seem that slaves had a share in the ploughs in 1066, as also in 1086. See also SOM 21,55. 47,16}{\b\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
and SOM 45,7 where in the corresponding entry in the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Liber Exoniensis}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  (Exon) 3 slaves share \'bd virgate with 2 smallholders; see SOM 45,7 slaves note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab PASTURE DUES. Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 pasnagium}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  ('pannage'), payment for pasturing pig
s in the wood; the payment was often of one pig for every ten, as in 1086 here; see MDX 2,1 pigs note; SUR 1,2 pigs note; SUS 2,5 pig note; WOR 3,3 pigs note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 6 RIDERS. }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Radmans}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ;}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 see 1,4 riding note. They were probably the same as six of the eight riding-men who were on this estate previously.}{
\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 201 PLOUGHS. In the manuscript an erasure after this extends to the end of the line.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab THESE [MEN] PLOUGH AND SOW ... WITH THEIR OWN WHEAT. 'Villagers' above and in 1,7, but }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 uillani }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 there may be being used in the general sense of all the inhabitants of a }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 uilla }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
and, as presumably here, all those who shared the ploughs contributed to this duty; see GLS 1,24 and WOR 8,10a for examples of riding men or riders ploughing. For the custom of sowing with their own seed, see 1,7 villagers note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 

\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 17s FOR FISH, 8s FOR SALT, 65s FROM HONEY. See 1,39 fish note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab WOODLAND 6 LEAGUES LONG. Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 leuua}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  leuga}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 a measure of length, usually of wood\-
land, traditionally reckoned at a mile and a half. A subdivision of the league was the furlong (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 quarentina}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ),}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
reckoned at 220 yards, an eighth of a mile. Both are sometimes used as square measures (as in 9,5), but see DOR 1,1 furlong note and 1,2 league note. There is reason to think that the Domesday league was smaller and contained less furlo
ngs; see NTH 1,6 leagues note and WOR 1,1c leagues note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 5s ARE GIVEN FOR BUYING TIMBER. Compare 1,7. It would seem that the wood was sold locally to save carting it to Droitwich and 5s of the profits was used to buy more wood in Droitwich to be exchanged
 for salt. This is a more sophisticated development of the simple exchange of wood for salt, as found in WOR 1,1a.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab FROM CLEARED WOODLAND. See 1,7 cleared note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 1,10b\tab THESE PAYMENTS. They appear to be based, with two exceptions (Widard's and one Alward's) on a unit of 20d, probably the "ora",}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
which is mentioned in the other list of renders to Leominster at 1,38.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab BERNARD BEARD. See Tengvik, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Old English Bynames}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 290. Compare 15,3 level note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab WIDARD. }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Vitardus}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , also occurring in other Domesday counties, for example, Shropshire, Gloucestershire, Sussex, and in 22,5;8 here in the form }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Widardus}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 represents }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Withard}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Witard; see Forssner, }{\i\insrsid7800816 
Continental-Germanic Personal Names}{\insrsid7800816 ,}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  p. 253, under }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Widardus}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Wihtheard }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 (Searle, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Onomasticon Anglo-Saxonum}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 494) is not convincing.}{\insrsid7800816 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab \tab Against this list of names the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 11, see p. 84 note) has a marginal note }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Nicol de Hedfeld' Dreicote di' h'}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  
}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 implying the existence of land at 'Draycott', now represented by Draycott Wood in Newton, south of Leominster, (SO5053). The Herefordshire Domesday does not make clear to which Domesday holder the note refers.}{\insrsid5851405 

\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab BESIDES THE SUPPLIES OF THE NUNS. See 1,10a Leominster note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab [PROPERLY] VALUED. Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 deliberare }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
has a number of possible meanings: (1) 'to weigh up', 'assess'; (2) 'to free'; (3) 'to deliver', 'hand over'. The first has been chosen as a neutral translation; }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 314, has 'if it 
were freed from other claims', but a translation based on sense (3) 'if it were [fully] transferred [to other holders]' has its attractions, since the manor (1,10a Leominster note) was in the process of being re-allotted to other holders.}{
\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 1,10c\tab 80 HIDES. See 1,10a Leominster note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab LEINTHALL. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Ralph holds other parts (9,6-7).}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab LYE. There are now two villages, Upper and Lower Lye (SO3965 and SO4066 respectively). In Domesday the land is divided among several tenants and was partly in Herefordshire and partly 
in Shropshire (SHR 6,16). Soon after Domesday this border area came under Marcher jurisdiction and the Shropshire lands were progressively transferred into Herefordshire. The earliness of}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
this boundary change makes it difficult to determine the 1086 border
 between the counties. If in 1086 the boundary lay along the River Lugg then it may have turned northwards along the tributary that separates Lower Lye from Upper Lye, keeping Upper Lye in Shropshire, like Lingen which is not far away to the north-west.}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab EYTON. The Domesday form is }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Ettone}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Ettone }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Etone }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
can both yield modern Eaton or Eyton (see Ekwall, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Dictionary of English Place-Names}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , under each) and it is possible that this holding is at the same place as }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Etone}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 that is Eaton (1,22). Lands of William son of Norman later form the honour of Kilpeck (HEF 16 William note) and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Iatton' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
(identified by the indexer as Eyton) appears as held of that honour in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 815. The same land appears as }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Eatona }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 799, and as }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Eton }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Feudal Aids}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , ii. p. 382.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab LEOFWIN LATIMER.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  The byname is from Medieval Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Latimarus}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Latinarius }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
('Latin translator' or 'interpreter'); see Tengvik, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Old English Bynames}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 258.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab ST PETER'S [* OF HEREFORD *]. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Possibly St Peter's of Hereford (HEF 2 church note). The dedication of the original church at Leominster (1,10a}{\cf1\up6\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Leominster note) is unknown. The re-founded priory and parish church, granted to Reading Abbey in 1123 by Henry I, was dedicated to St Peter and St Paul; see }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Royal Commission on Historical Monuments (Herefordshire)}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 , iii. p. 111a. See also Lennard, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Rural England}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , appendix iv, pp. 400-401.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab STANFORD AND [MUCH] MARCLE. See 1,9 and 1,7. Much Marcle alone accounts for \'a330; Stanford for a further 100s.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab THEY NOW PAY. }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Qui reddunt }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 in error for }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 quae reddunt}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 as }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 maneria }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is neuter plural; see C15 pay note.}{\insrsid5851405 

\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 LIST 3\tab 
WERE AN ADJUNCT OF LEOMINSTER. These lands (1,11-38) were not in lordship before 1066, but let to subtenants and here appear to be in the process of
 transfer to other tenants-in-chief, but although other parts of some villages are found in other hundreds, these lands appear still to be regarded as part of Leominster Hundred and have not been included in the holders' own fiefs. In 1,12 Osbern son of R
i
chard is claiming that Wapley is in effect part of his fief. The transfers must have been confirmed soon after Domesday, for many of the lands descend to the same later owners (in the Herefordshire Domesday and the feodaries) as lands in individual Domesd
ay fiefs. For example, Hatfield 1,11 has the same }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 T}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 R}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 E}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
. holder as other of the lands in Hugh the ass's fief (HEF 29). The lands of William of Ecouis (1,23-27) have the same later holders as have the lands in his own fief (HEF 14). Details of these major holders will be found at the heads of their chapters.}{
\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 1,11\tab HATFIELD. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 See the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, pp. 84-85 note).}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab OF THESE ... PAID TAX. Probably added slightly later; everything after }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Ex his }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (which appears below }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 T.R.E. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in the line a
bove) is written into the right margin: this is not clear from Farley.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 1,12\tab WAPLEY.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 315, did not identify this place, though }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  has Wapley.}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 1,14\tab ABBESS ^[OF LEOMINSTER]^.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  In the absence of further information, this 
must be Eadgifu, the abbess of the dissolved Abbey of Leominster (see 1,10a Leominster note) who probably lived on this land after her house had been dissolved 40 years before.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab [VALUE ***]. Probably omitted here in error, as also, for example, at 4,1. 23,2-3.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 1,15\tab HAMPTON [WAFRE]. The identification is supplied by a marginal note in the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 12. see p. 85 note): }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Hantone}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 held by }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Rob' Wafre}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 The parish name is Hampton [Wafer]; the settle\-ment has recently reverted to the earlier spelling.
\par \tab \tab For the three 'Hamptons' (1,15-16;29) }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 315, proposed either Hampton in Docklow or Hampton in Hope-under-Dinmore. }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday Gazetteer}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816  identified 1,15 as Hampton Wafre and 1,16;29 as Hampton in Hope-under-Dinmore.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 1,16\tab HAMPTON. Probably Hampton Court in Hope-under-Dinmore (see Galbraith and Tait, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Herefordshire Domesday}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 86 note), the Hampton }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Ricardi }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 held of the Lacy honour of Weobley (HEF 10 Roger note) in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , pp. 798, 811. On the identification of the three royal 'Hamptons', see 1,15 Hampton note and 1,29 Hampton note.}{
\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 1,17\tab SAERIC. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Most probably the father of Guthmund, the 1086 subtenant; see 10,71.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 1,19\tab WIGMORE CASTLE IS SITUATED IN IT. The entry at 9,1 contradicts this, saying that Wigmore Castle was erected on waste land called }{\i\insrsid7800816 Merestun }{\insrsid7800816 held }{\i\insrsid7800816 T}{\insrsid7800816 .}{
\i\insrsid7800816 R}{\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\insrsid7800816 E}{\insrsid7800816 . by Gunfrid, apparently a part of the royal manor of Kingsland (1,5); see 1,5 "Merestone" note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 1,20\tab 
ERNSI <OF PAINSWICK>. The Domesday form of this name, }{\i\insrsid7800816 Ernesi}{\insrsid7800816 , represents Old English }{\i\insrsid7800816 Earnsige}{\insrsid7800816 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid7800816 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{
\insrsid7800816 , p. 243. JRM preferred the first element Ern- for Old English }{\i\insrsid7800816 Earn-}{\insrsid7800816  and the second element -si for Old English }{\i\insrsid7800816 -sige}{\insrsid7800816 
, as they reflected the Domesday spelling. The Phillimore printed edition has Ernsy and (in Gloucestershire) Erneis; these have now been standardized as Ernsi. The Alecto edition has Earnsige.
\par \tab \tab Although six tenants-in-chief had lands previously held by an Ernsi, it is likely that all had belonged to the same individual before the C
onquest, the lord of the substantial manor of Painswick (GLS 39,8) and a number of other valuable properties in Gloucestershire, Herefordshire and Worcestershire. The restricted area in which the name occurs, the status and grouping of many of the propert
i
es, and an intricate web of interrelations between them, point to unitary ownership. Painswick, acquired by Roger of Lacy, is circled by the manors of Hascoit Musard and by that of Drogo son of Poyntz at Frampton, part of which Roger was holding illegally
 
(GLS 54,1). Drogo also held another Ernsi manor, Swell (adjacent to one of the Musard manors at Eyford), as a tenant of Ralph of Tosny (GLS 45,6). William of Eu had also acquired an Ernsi holding in Swell (GLS 1,12). Both Roger of Lacy and Drogo son of Po
y
ntz obtained manors previously held by an Ernsi in Herefordshire, and Ralph one held by Ernsi in Worcestershire: none of these three tenants-in-chief are likely to have had two predecessors with this uncommon name. Finally, the one remaining holding, acqu
ired by Ralph of Mortimer (1,20), was - like that held by Drogo (1,30) - part of the great manor of Leominster. See also Clarke, }{\i\insrsid7800816 English Nobility}{\insrsid7800816 , p. 307, who omits 1,20;30 and 10,68 from his list (JP).}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab IN LORDSHIP 1 PLOUGH. In the manuscript there is an e
rasure or perhaps a scrubbed patch before }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 una}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Farley did not show the gap; see, however, 1,9 smallholders note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 1,21\tab FORD. Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Forne}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 . The Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 12) has a marginal entry }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Forde i hid' et i virg'}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Forne }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 must be a copyist's error for }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Forde}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
If a badly-written or badly-read original used lower-case insular }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 r }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and backward-sloping }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 d }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and if the ascender of the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 d}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 horizontal above the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 r}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , were detached from the bow, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 ford }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 might well resemble }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 fore }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 or }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 foro}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  with a nunnation line over the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 r}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 whence }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 forne}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab BROADFIELD. Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Bradefelde}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 held of the honour of Tosny; see }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 813.}{
\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 1,22\tab EATON. See 1,10c Eyton note.}{
\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab HERBERT [* OF FURCHES *]. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Herbert here and in 10,9-10 is probably Herbert }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 de Furcis}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , from Furches in the French d\'e9
partement of Calvados (canton Morteaux-Couliboeuf): Eyton, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Antiquities of Shropshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , v. pp. 44-45; Wightman, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Lacy Family}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 154 note; Keats-Rohan, }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday People}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 249. The same man also appears to have held land in Shropshire (SHR 4,8,4;6;10-11), where he holds from Roger of Lacy under Earl Roger.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 1,23\tab 
THE VILLAGER PAYS 10d. Or 'a villager who pays 10d', separate from the villager in the previous line.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 1,24\tab BERNARD [* BEARD *]. Note to be supplied (JP).}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 1,25\tab 
NEWTON. Another part of the village in "Tornelaus" Hundred, not waste, is held by William}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
as tenant-in-chief in 14,4 (see 14,4 Newton note). Marginal notes in the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, pp. 13, 54) record the same later holder, Hugh }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 de Crofta}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 named from Croft (14,5).}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 \tab BERNARD [* BEARD *]. Note to be supplied (JP).}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 \tab BRUNING.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  Domesday }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Bruning}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 In 14,4 a }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Bruns }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('Brun': the form is Norman French) is given as the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 T}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 R}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 E}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 . holder of \'bd hide of waste land in Newton. As other }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 T}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 R}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 E}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 . holders of William's lands}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
are the same, or have the same name, in chapter 1 as in his chapter 14 (for example, Edwin 1,23 occurs in 14,2-3;5-6;8;12, and Almer 1,26-27 occurs in 14,10) and as Bernard is the subtenant in both 1,25 and 14,4, it would seem likely that }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Bruning }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Bruns }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 are either the same person or closely related. This provides an interesting illustration of the use of the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 -ing }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 suffix in personal-name formation, which might be of interest in connection with the commonplace }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 -ingtun }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 type of place-name; see }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 English Place-Name Elements}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. under }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 -ing}{\i\cf1\up6\insrsid7800816 4}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ).}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Bruning }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is an Old English name-form, an }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 -ing }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
suffix formation upon the base }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Brun }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('brown'; 'the brown one') and would usually be taken to mean 'person called after }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Brun}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
'; 'son of', or 'member of the family of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Brun}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 '; 'follower' or 'associate of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Brun}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ':}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 that is, the }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 -ing }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 here would be seen as either patronymic or associative, and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Bruning }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 would be a separate person associated in law or by heredity or inheritance with the said }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Brun}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 This is quite possible here, as members of a family or associates could well hold different parts of a village. However, the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 -ing }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 suffix could be taken here as having the adjectival effect of the noun-forming suffix, emphasising the force of the adjective }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 brun}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 :}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  bruning }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
would thus mean 'the brown one'; 'that which', or 'the person who, is characterized by a brown quality'. Compare such Old English sets as }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 leof}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 :}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Leof}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 :}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Leofing}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ;}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  deor}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 :}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Deor}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 :}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Deoring}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ;}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  dunn}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 :}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Dunn}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 :}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Dunning}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ; see Redin, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Uncompounded Personal Names in Old English}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  under 
these various names (JMcND).}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 1,26\tab DILWYN. Another part of the village was apparently in Elsdon Hundred, also held by William of Ecouis, see 14,8 Dilwyn note. The two chapter 1 holdings (1,26;32) have a marginal note }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Dilwyn Sorel }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 in the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, pp. 13-14), but the relationship between these holdings and the later Dilwyn Sollers and Church Dilwyn has not emerged. See Galbraith and Tate, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Herefordshire Domesday}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 86 note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 1,28\tab BROADWARD. Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Bradeford}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  means}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 'broad ford
'. Like Newton (1,25. 14,4) Broadward seems to have been divided between Leominster manor and "Tornelaus" Hundred. The substitution of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Bradeford }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 by Broadward by 1280 is accepted by Bannister, }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Place-Names of Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 24, by Ekwall, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Dictionary of English Place-Names}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , under Broadward, and by the indexer of the Book of Fees. In }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 p. 101, half of}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Bradeford' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
held by the lords of Kilpeck, heirs of William of Ecouis (HEF 14 William note) and the other half is held by the monks of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Radinges }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (Reading) by gift of Roger, Earl of Hereford. See Galbraith and Tait, }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Herefordshire Domesday}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 105 note; }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i.}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
pp. 304-305; and 14,3 Broadward note. The later name, Broadward, probably arises from 'broad warth', with Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 waroth}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  warth }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
('land' or 'meadow along a stream or shore'; 'marshy ground near a stream').}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab NOW 30[s]. In the manuscript }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 sol}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 idos}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ]}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
is omitted, probably through lack of space, as happens many times in Domesday; see 7,5 now note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 1,29\tab HAMPTON. In the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 14, see p. 86 note) the marginal note records this hide as held by Adam }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 de Mapenour'}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 Hampton }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Mappenore }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is found in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 798, held of the honour of Clifford (see HEF 23 Drogo note) and is part of the same village he
ld of the honour of Weobley; see }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Feudal Aids}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , ii. pp. 381, 383. On the identification of the three royal 'Hamptons', see 1,15 Hampton note and 1,16 Hampton note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 \tab STEPHEN [* SON OF FULCRED *]. Note to be supplied (JP).}
{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 1,30\tab HAMNISH. Memory of Drogo's land,
 which passed later to the honour of Clifford (HEF 23 Drogo note), is preserved in Hamnish Clifford (SO5360).}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 \tab ERNSI <OF PAINSWICK>. See 1,20 Ernsi note.}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 1,31\tab 
DURAND THE SHERIFF. Of Gloucestershire, see 1,61 Durand note and HEF 22 Durand note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 \tab BERNARD [* BEARD *]. Note to be supplied (JP).}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 1,32\tab ILBERT [* SON OF TUROLD *]. Note to be supplied (JP).}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 \tab DILWYN. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 See 1,26 Dilwyn note.}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 \tab RAVENKEL <OF DILWYN>. The Domesday forms of this name - 
}{\i\insrsid7800816 Rauenchil}{\insrsid7800816 , }{\i\insrsid7800816 Rauenchel}{\insrsid7800816 , }{\i\insrsid7800816 Rauechil}{\insrsid7800816 , }{\i\insrsid7800816 Ramechil}{\insrsid7800816 , }{\i\insrsid7800816 Ranchil}{\insrsid7800816 , }{
\i\insrsid7800816 Rauechetel}{\insrsid7800816 , }{\i\insrsid7800816 Rauechet}{\insrsid7800816 , }{\i\insrsid7800816 Rauecate}{\insrsid7800816 , }{\i\insrsid7800816 Rauechel}{\insrsid7800816  - represent Old Norse }{\i\insrsid7800816 Hrafnkell}{
\insrsid7800816 , Old Swedish }{\i\insrsid7800816 Ramkel}{\insrsid7800816 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid7800816 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid7800816 
, p. 293. JRM preferred Raven- for the first element as it reflected most of the Domesday forms, and -k- for }{\i\insrsid7800816 -ch-}{\insrsid7800816 . The form R
afnketill, however, appears in the Phillimore printed translation for Yorkshire, following the form given in Fellows Jensen, }{\i\insrsid7800816 Scandinavian Personal Names in Lincolnshire and Yorkshire}{\insrsid7800816 
, pp. 212-13; it has now been standardized as Ravenkel. The Alecto edition has Ramkel.
\par \tab This name only occurs here and in the next entry (1,33) in this county.
\par \tab \tab The closest other holding is some 40 miles distant, a small property with no tenurial associations with this Ravenkel (JP).}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 1,33\tab ILBERT [* SON OF TUROLD *]. Note to be supplied (JP).}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 \tab LUNTLE}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Y. See Galbraith and Tait, }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Herefordshire Domesday}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 87 note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 \tab RAVENKEL <OF DILWYN>. See 1,32 Ravenkel note.}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 1,34\tab GRUFFYDD BOY. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Probably the same as Gruffydd son of Maredudd (HEF 31 Gruffydd note) since the later holder named in the margin of the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 14), William }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 de Blez}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 also holds some of Gruffydd's lands in HEF 31. }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Puer }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 'boy') probabl
y distinguishes him from King Gruffydd (1,49 Gruffydd note). Compare Robert Boy in DOR 55,38-39.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab "ALAC". See 1,5 "Alac" note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 1,37\tab 
32 HIDES. The total hides listed in 1,11-36 appear to be 34 hides 1 virgate, of which 2 hides 3 virgates at 1,11 and 1 hide at 1,14 did not pay tax, thus giving a total of 30 \'bd hides paying tax.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 1,38\tab FOR THESE PAYMENTS, see 1,10b payments note.}{
\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab THEY WORK 2 DAYS A WEEK. The sentence }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 ii dies in ebdomada operantur }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 appears to have been added later. It is not clear whether the work
 is done only by Leofwin, in which case the subject of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 opero }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 dies}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 :}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
'2 days a week are worked'; or, as seems more likely, by all those in the list, in which case they are the subject of the deponent verb }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 operor}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 as translated here.
}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab AFTER THIS ENTRY in the manuscript a space for about 4 lines (larger than in Farley) has been left, possibly for additional payments.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 1,39\tab 
THE LIST OF LANDS contributing to the revenue of Hereford (HEF 1 king note) continues with a series of manors (1,39-47) listed under the n
ames of Worcestershire hundreds or said by Domesday to be in that county or in Gloucestershire. Earl William, son of Osbern (1,3 time note), exercising his power as 'palatine' earl on the Welsh frontier, had drawn the revenues of these manors, some of the
m deep inside Worcestershire, into Herefordshire. When his son Roger forfeited his lands in 1075 after his rebellion, they returned fully to the crown. Martley, Feckenham, Hollow Court and Suckley are cross-referenced in WOR X2-3 and WOR 1,1b. Their }{
\i\insrsid7800816 T}{\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\insrsid7800816 R}{\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\insrsid7800816 E}{\insrsid7800816 . 
holders show that they and the Gloucestershire manors were royal land. The other lands grouped below are portions of church lands accounted for in the text of Domesday Worcestershire under their ecclesiastical holders, but said to be in }{
\i\insrsid7800816 manu regis}{\insrsid7800816 .}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 \tab MARTLEY.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
 In WOR X3 the hidage is given as 13. The boundaries probably included Areley Kings (SO8070); see }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Worcestershire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , iv. p. 288.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 2 WEIRS. For trapping fish in a pool; see 1,4 fishery note; 'Worcester G11' in WOR \{Appendix\}; }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Worcestershire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 272.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 2,500 EELS AND 5 STICKS. That is, 2,625 eels at 25 to the stick.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab A BEADLE.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  See 1,10a beadles note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab IN PLACE OF FISH AND TIMBER. Purchase of a commodity by a manor is usually represented by }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 ad }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('for'),}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 as in 1,10a:}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  ad pisces }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ... }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 ad sal}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 em}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ].}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Here }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 pro }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('in place of')}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 implies that a former render of fish and timber has been commuted, as in 1,49.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab OF PENCE AT 20 TO THE "ORA".}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 See 1,6 "orae" note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab A PREMIUM. Usually paid to the queen. Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 g\'e6rsuma}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  g\'e6rsum}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 e}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 )}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('treasure', 'profit of office'); Middle English}{\insrsid7800816  }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 gersum }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('a premium', 'a fine'). A gift-payment or fine, usually to gain liberty from some other}{
\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 obligation. The word occurs in the same connection in OXF 1,12 and WAR B4. In KEN 3,18 there is a payment of 100s to the Archbishop of Canterbury }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 de}{\insrsid7800816  }{
\i\f720\cf1\insrsid7800816 gars\'fbnne}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 In NTH B36 in a similar context }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 donum }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('gift') is used. See Ellis, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
General Introduction to Domesday Book}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 i. p. 174; Finn, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Introduction to Domesday Book}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , pp. 230-31, 277; Lennard, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Rural England}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , pp. 180-82; }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Oxford English Dictionary}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  under }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 gersum}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab SAINTE-MARIE OF CORMEILLES.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  See }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Monasticon Anglicanum}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , vi. pp. 1075-76, which mentions 3 virgates of}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 land. Some land was at 
}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Wigrestun}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 now probably Witton (SO7662).}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab RALPH OF BERNAY.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  See 1,2 Ralph note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab DRUWARD. Middle English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Druward}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 also Old French hypothetical}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Druhard }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
from an unrecorded Old German hypothetical }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Thruth-}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Drud- }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 or }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Drut-}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , and}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  -ward }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 or }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 -wart}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ;}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 see Dauzat, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Dictionnaire des Noms de Famille et Pr\'e9noms}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , under }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Druard}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ; von Feilitzen, \lquote Continental Germanic Personal Names in England'.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 1,40\tab FECKENHAM. The diversion from Worcestershire is recorded in WOR X2.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab FIVE THANES. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Capital }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Q}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  for }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Quinque }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in the manuscript; Farley misprinted }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 quinque}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab EARL EDWIN. Earl of Mercia }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 c
}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 . 1063-1070; son of Algar who was also Earl of Mercia.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 \tab SAINTE-MARIE CHURCH [* OF LYRE *].}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
 Later evidence suggests that this is the Abbey of Lyre; see Gu\'e9ry, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 L'Abbaye de Lyre,}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  p. 159;}{\insrsid7800816  }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Monasticon Anglicanum}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, vi. p. 1092. See also HEF 4 Lyre note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab WALTER OF LACY. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 See 1,5 Walter note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab HE HAS. }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Hic }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 means 'he', a replacement for }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 ipse}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ;}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
not 'here'. See textual note to 'Worcester H2' in WOR \{Appendix\}.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 1,41\tab HOLLOW [COURT]. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Haloede}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ; with }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Holewei }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
(WOR X2), this name has been taken to represent Hollow [Court] and Hollowfields Farm in Hanbury, Worcestershire, that is, as 'Holloway'; see }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Place-Names of Worcestershire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 323; }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
VCH Worcestershire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , iii. p. 376. The supposition of Old English (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 se}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 hola weg }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 or (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 aet thaem}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 )}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  holan wege }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('hollow way', 'road in a hollow', 'sunken road') is obviously right for Hollow [Court], }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Holewei }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in WOR X2, but not for }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Haloede }
{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
in the Herefordshire folios, which is a different name, etymology not ascertained. Although the names have different origins, both refer to the same place which lay and lies in Worcestershire although its dues had in 1086 been diverted to 
Herefordshire. The fact that the main description is in the Herefordshire folios is mentioned in WOR X2. The place is called }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Holeweya }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, p. 1290 (relating to Worcestershire). 1 virgate and the tithe belonged to the Church of Cormeilles: }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Monasticon Anglicanum}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , vi. pp. 1075-76.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab A PARK FOR WILD ANIMALS. For hunting. }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Parcus }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is usually an area of woodland reserved}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
for the chase within the bounds of the manor, contrasting with }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 foresta}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ; see}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \{Introduction: Forest\}. In this case the p
ark has been taken into the (king's) forest.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 1 "HOCH".}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Latinized as }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 hoccus}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 a word of uncertain meaning in connection with salt-making;
}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 see WOR 1,3a hocci note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 1 HOUSE WHICH PAYS 2 PLOUGHSHARES. See 1,7 ploughshares note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab THESE TWO MANORS. That is, Feckenham and Hollow Court.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 1,42\tab HANLEY [CASTLE]. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Geographically it fell well within Worcestershire in 1086, but it is regarded as a part of Gloucestershire both in GLS 1,34 and here, Brictric son of Algar having withdrawn it from Worcestershire and attached 
it to his great manor of Tewkesbury. It is duplicated in Herefordshire because Earl William had withdrawn its revenues there. The Gloucestershire and Herefordshire entries originate from different returns and there are a number of discrepancies:}{
\insrsid7800816 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
\par }\trowd \irow0\irowband0\ts11\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5\brdrcf1 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5\brdrcf1 \clbrdrr\brdrnone 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4374\clshdrawnil \cellx4266\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5\brdrcf1 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5\brdrcf1 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5\brdrcf1 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4374\clshdrawnil \cellx8640\pard 
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\pararsid16330151 {\fs20\cf1\insrsid7800816 GLS 1,34\cell }\pard \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\pararsid5851405 {
\fs20\insrsid7800816 HEF 1,42\cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\fs20\insrsid7800816 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\ts11\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3 
\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5\brdrcf1 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5\brdrcf1 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4374\clshdrawnil \cellx4266\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5\brdrcf1 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw5\brdrcf1 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5\brdrcf1 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4374\clshdrawnil \cellx8640\row }\trowd \irow1\irowband1\lastrow \ts11\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt
\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5\brdrcf1 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4374\clshdrawnil \cellx4266\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5\brdrcf1 \clbrdrr
\brdrs\brdrw5\brdrcf1 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4374\clshdrawnil \cellx8640\pard \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\pararsid5851405 {\fs20\cf1\insrsid7800816 4 hides outside the lordship}{
\fs20\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\fs20\cf1\insrsid7800816 2 lordship ploughs before 1066}{\fs20\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\fs20\cf1\insrsid7800816 40 villagers and smallholders}{\fs20\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\fs20\cf1\insrsid7800816 -----------------------------------}{\fs20\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\fs20\cf1\insrsid7800816 8 male and female slaves}{\fs20\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\fs20\cf1\insrsid7800816 a mill at 16d}{\fs20\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\fs20\cf1\insrsid7800816 woodland containing an enclosure}{\fs20\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\fs20\cf1\insrsid7800816 ------------------------------------}{\fs20\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\fs20\cf1\insrsid7800816 ------------------------------------}{\fs20\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\pararsid16330151 {\fs20\cf1\insrsid16330151 ------------------------------------
\par }\pard \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\pararsid5851405 {\fs20\cf1\insrsid7800816 value before 1066 \'a315; now \'a310.\cell 4 hides}{\fs20\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\fs20\cf1\insrsid7800816 2 lordship ploughs}{\fs20\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\fs20\cf1\insrsid7800816 20 villagers, 17 smallholders}{\fs20\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\fs20\cf1\insrsid7800816 21 \'bd villagers' ploughs}{\fs20\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\fs20\cf1\insrsid7800816 9 male and female slaves}{\fs20\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\fs20\cf1\insrsid7800816 a mill at 2s}{\fs20\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\pararsid16330151 {\fs20\cf1\insrsid7800816 woodland 5 leagues long and wide, put}{\fs20\insrsid7800816  }{\fs20\cf1\insrsid7800816 outside the manor and containi
ng a hawk's eyrie}{\fs20\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\pararsid5851405 {\fs20\cf1\insrsid7800816 a forester holds \'bd virgate}{\fs20\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\fs20\cf1\insrsid7800816 a villager of 'Baldenhall' pays 2 "orae"}{\i\fs20\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\fs20\cf1\insrsid7800816 of pence}{\fs20\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\pararsid5851405 {\fs20\cf1\insrsid7800816 [value given for the group of manors in HEF 1,47]\cell }\pard 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\fs20\cf1\insrsid7800816 \trowd \irow1\irowband1\lastrow \ts11\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone 
\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5\brdrcf1 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4374\clshdrawnil \cellx4266\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5\brdrcf1 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5\brdrcf1 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4374\clshdrawnil \cellx8640\row }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {
\insrsid7800816 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 \tab BRICTRIC [* SON OF ALGAR *]. He is B}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
rictric son of Algar, a great English thane who held much land in the west. He was the lord of Tewkesbury manor (to which Hanley Castle and Forthampton had belonged);}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
see GLS l,34-35;39. Many of his lands passed to William's queen, Matilda (see GLS 1,42 queen note) and, on her death in 1083, to King William (see WOR 2,30).}{\insrsid7800816 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab \tab }{\insrsid7800816 
His estate has been carefully reconstructed by Ann Williams whose detailed and persuasive arguments need not be repeated here: Williams, 'A West-Country Magnate of the Eleventh Century', pp. 41-68. Dr Williams has also suggested that 
Brictric was the unnamed lord of the pre-Conquest holders of the manors acquired by Walter and Gotshelm of Claville in Devon (fiefs 24-25). See also Clarke, }{\i\insrsid7800816 English Nobility}{\insrsid7800816 
, pp. 260-62, who excludes these and also the Brictric holdings on fiefs 24, 40, 42 and 50 from his list; he identifies the predecessor of Odo son of Gamalin as another Brictric (}{\i\insrsid7800816 ibidem}{\insrsid7800816 
, p. 265). Dr Williams, however, has shown that complex interrelationships between these and other fiefs make it probable that all had been held by the son of Algar (JP).}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab WOODLAND ... IN BOTH LENGTH AND WIDTH. The verb }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 habet }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('has') may have been omitted after }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 silua }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (compare 1,43;47), because the genitive 
}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 siluae }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is normal in this phrase as in 15,8. 24,1. 27,1 etc.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 'BALDENHALL'. See }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Place-Names of Worcestershire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, p. 210. Lost in Great Malvern parish and probably corresponding roughly to the area of the ecclesiastical parish of Guarlford. 1 virgate here was granted to the priory of Great Malvern by Edward the Confessor of the fee of Hanley, suggesting that t
he village lay within the bounds of Hanley Castle in the eleventh century. It was merged with Great Malvern manor in the mid-sixteenth century and in the time of Edward VI was stated to fall between Great Malvern and Guarlford, though it no longer existed
; see }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Worcestershire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , iv. p. 125. The Church of Hanley belonged to Lyre Abbey: }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Monasticon Anglicanum}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , vi. pp. 1092-93.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 1,43\tab FORTHAMPTON. Lying in the extreme north of Gloucestershire almost entirely surrounded by Worcestershire, Forthampton's revenue ha
d been withdrawn to Hereford by Earl William as the corresponding duplicate entry in Domesday GLS 1,35 makes clear. There are significant differences of detail in the two accounts of the same land:
\par }{\fs20\cf1\insrsid7800816 
\par }\trowd \irow0\irowband0\ts11\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5\brdrcf1 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5\brdrcf1 \clbrdrr\brdrnone 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4374\clshdrawnil \cellx4266\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5\brdrcf1 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5\brdrcf1 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5\brdrcf1 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4374\clshdrawnil \cellx8640\pard 
\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\pararsid5851405 {\fs20\cf1\insrsid7800816 GLS 1,35\cell }\pard \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\pararsid5851405 {
\fs20\cf1\insrsid7800816 HEF 1,43\cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\fs20\cf1\insrsid7800816 \trowd \irow0\irowband0
\ts11\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5\brdrcf1 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5\brdrcf1 \clbrdrr\brdrnone 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4374\clshdrawnil \cellx4266\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw5\brdrcf1 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5\brdrcf1 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5\brdrcf1 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4374\clshdrawnil \cellx8640\row 
}\trowd \irow1\irowband1\lastrow \ts11\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5\brdrcf1 \clbrdrr\brdrnone 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4374\clshdrawnil \cellx4266\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5\brdrcf1 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5\brdrcf1 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4374\clshdrawnil \cellx8640\pard 
\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\pararsid5851405 {\fs20\cf1\insrsid7800816 9 hides}{\fs20\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\fs20\cf1\insrsid7800816 2 ploughs in lordship}{\fs20\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\fs20\cf1\insrsid7800816 20 villagers and smallholders}{\fs20\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\fs20\cf1\insrsid7800816 ------------------------------------}{\fs20\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\fs20\cf1\insrsid7800816 woodland}{\fs20\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\fs20\cf1\insrsid7800816 Value before 1066 \'a310; now \'a38.
\par }{\fs20\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7800816 \cell }{\fs20\cf1\insrsid7800816 9 hides which pay tax for 4 hides}{\fs20\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\fs20\cf1\insrsid7800816 3 ploughs in lordship}{\fs20\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\fs20\cf1\insrsid7800816 7 villagers with 5 ploughs}{\fs20\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\fs20\cf1\insrsid7800816 4 pigmen with 1 plough pay 35 pigs}{\fs20\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\fs20\cf1\insrsid7800816 woodland 3 leagues in length and width ...}{\fs20\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\pararsid5851405 {\fs20\cf1\insrsid7800816 [Value given for the group of manors in}{\fs20\insrsid7800816  HEF }{\fs20\cf1\insrsid7800816 1,47]}{
\fs20\insrsid7800816 \cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\fs20\insrsid7800816 \trowd \irow1\irowband1\lastrow \ts11\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3 
\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5\brdrcf1 \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4374\clshdrawnil \cellx4266\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw5\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw5\brdrcf1 
\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw5\brdrcf1 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4374\clshdrawnil \cellx8640\row }\pard \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 {\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7800816 

\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab [None of the remaining details of the Herefordshire entry is found in the Gloucestershire one].}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab BRICTRIC [* SON OF ALGAR *]. S}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ee 1,42 Brictric note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab IN THE ENCLOSURE OF THE KING'S WOODLAND. Latin }{\i\f713\cf1\insrsid7800816 in defenso silu\'ea regis}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Similar phrases in OXF 1,5 (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
silua est in defens' regis}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ),}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 WAR 27,3 (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 silua }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .. }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 sed in defenso regis est}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 )}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and BRK 1,1 (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 silua missa est in defensa}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 suggest that the woodland has been put into the king's forest; see \{
Introduction: Forest\}. Herefordshire entries show the (ablative) forms }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 defenso}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  defensu }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 defensione }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
(2,2;9;24;56).}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab HAWK'S EYRIE. In the manuscript }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 i }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is interlined above the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 e }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 accepitris }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
in correction, but the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 e }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is not underlined or dotted for deletion as one would expect.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab ANSGOT. Probably the 'Ansgot, Earl William's man' who held part of the nearby manor of}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Eldersfield (1,46) (JSM).}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab SAINTE-MARIE [* OF LYRE *]. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Sainte-Marie of Lyre: }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Monasticon Anglicanum}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , vi. pp. 1092-93. See HEF 4 Lyre note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab \tab . In and after the}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 twelfth century it leased its tithes and land in Forthampton to Tewkesbury Abbey, the owner}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 of Forthampton manor from 1107 (
}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Gloucestershire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , viii. pp. 199, 203 (JSM)}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 1,44\tab BUSHLEY.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  The land belonged to Worcester Church and is said at WOR 2,30, which gives additional information, to be }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 in manu regis}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab BRICTRIC [* SON OF ALGAR *]. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 See 1,42 Brictric note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab LEOFING. Lyfing, Bishop of Worcester 1038-40, then from 1041 to his death in 1046.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 3 GOLD MARKS ... A SILVER MARK. The gold mark was worth \'a36; the silver, 13s 4d.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab HE BOUGHT THE WHOLE. The detail of the arrangement in WOR 2,30 is different.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab SERVE ANY MAN FOR IT. The rest of the line in the manuscript is blank after this, perhaps left for additional information to be inserted later.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab A DAIRYMAID. Or 'dairyman': Latin }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 daia}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  is}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 either masculine or feminine; see }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Dictionary of Medieval Latin}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , under }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 daia}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 . This is}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 the Latinized form of Middle English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 deye}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 d\'e6ge 
}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('a dairymaid', originally 'a baxter').}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 \tab IN PULL [COURT]. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
There is an erasure in the manuscript from the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 I }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 IN }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 to the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 L }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 LAPULE}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 ;}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 N }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 IN }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is very wide to cover the erasure; not shown by Farley. Pull Court is }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 La Pulle }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (again with the French definite article) in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 139; see }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Worcestershire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 322 note 3; }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Place-Names of Worcestershire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 105. The house that marks the site is now Bredon School. In the Book of Fees, the place is likewise associated with Bushley to which Earl William had joined it. Bushley, as part
}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 of the lands of Worcester Church, was in 'Oswaldslow' Hundred, but Pull Court had been part}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 of Longdon (WOR 8,9) a manor of Westminster Church. The 3 virgates of Pull Court}{
\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 probably represent the unnamed 3 virgates of the 5 hides 3 virgates held by Reinbald and}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Aelfric before 1066 in WOR 8,9c, the 5 hides being the land at Eldersfield (1,46).}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab EARL ODA. Or Odda. He became Earl of Somerset, Devon and Dorset and 'the Wealas' in}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 1051 on the banishment of Earl Godwin and Earl Harold, but lost the earldom on their return}{
\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and was compensated with the earldom of the Hwiccas. He was a benefactor of Deerhurst}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and Pershore Churches; he became a monk at the latter and was buried there on his death in
}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 1056. See }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Worcestershire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. pp. 257-60; Robertson, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , pp. 456-58. For the name, see}{
\insrsid7800816  von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid7800816 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid7800816 ,}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  p. 333.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab MONKS OF LYRE ... 1 VIRGATE. Recorded at Bushley in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 140, and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Monasticon Anglicanum}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , vi.}{\insrsid7800816  }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 pp. 1092-93.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 2 FORESTERS. In the manuscript }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 os }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is interlined above and after }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 forestar.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , presumably a mistake}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
for }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 ios }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 as }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 forestarius }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is the correct (nominative) form. Farley printed -}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 ios}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 either in correction}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 or because the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 -o }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 -os }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
is not joined at the top and, at a quick glance, could be mistaken}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 for a badly written }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 io}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab OUTSIDE HIS MANORS. Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 extra suos M'}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ;}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  suos }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 being an error for }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 sua }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 as }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 manerium }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is neuter.}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 See C15 pay note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab TO GUARD THE WOODLANDS. See GLS 37,3. In }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 139, Pull Court is held by}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Hugh }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 de Colcumba }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 'as a serjeanty to look after the hedged enclosure at Bushley' (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 per serianteriam}{\insrsid7800816  }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 custodiendi hayam de Bisseleg}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ). See also Hall, }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Red Book of the Exchequer}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 568; and 2,23 enclosures note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 1,45\tab QUEENHILL.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Chonhelme}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ;}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 also }{\i\f720\cf1\insrsid7800816 C\'fbhille }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
in WOR 2,36; see }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Worcestershire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 322 note 8; }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Place-Names of Worcestershire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, p. 155. The entry here is a duplicate, with different detail, of the Worcestershire entry, said to be }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 in manu regis}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
The two place-names are precisely different; }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Chonhelme }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 here represents Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 cuna-helme }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('at the cows' shelter' or 'hill-top', from }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
cu }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 helm}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ),}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Cu}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 n}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ]}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
hille }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (WOR 2,36) represents Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 cuna-hylle }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('at the cows' hill', from }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 hyll}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ).}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab BISHOP BRICTRIC. }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Brictrec }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 here represents Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Beorhtric}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 . He}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 also appears
 in WOR 2,24 as }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Bricsteg }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('Brictheah'), a late eleventh-century form of Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Beorhtheah}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
He was Bishop of Worcester 1033-1038. See von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid7800816 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid7800816 ,}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  p. 194.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab SAINTE-MARIE OF LYRE ... \'bd VIRGATE. Held by the prior of Lyre in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 140.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 1,46\tab ELDERSFIELD. This formed part of the original grant by King Edgar to Pershore Church: Birch, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Cartularium Saxonicum}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , no. 1282 (= }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Early Charters of the West Midlands}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , no. 120 p. 116 = Sawyer, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, no. 786); see WOR 8 Westminster note. The land was alienated by Earl William. These 5 hides are probably part of the unnamed 5 hides 3 virgates of Longdon (WOR 8,9c), the other 3 virgates being at Pull Court (1,44).}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab REINBALD THE CHANCELLOR.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  Also called 
Reinbald the priest and Reinbald of Cirencester (BRK 61) of which church he was dean or provost. He was the first chancellor of England and held land in Berkshire, Dorset, Somerset, Buckinghamshire, Worcestershire, Gloucestershire and elsewhere; see Round
, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Feudal England}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , pp. 421-30;}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
i. pp. xiii, xv; Stevenson, 'Charter of William the Conqueror', p. 731 note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab SAINTE-MARIE [* OF LYRE *]}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  ... 1 VIRGATE OF LAND [***]. In the manuscript there is no full-stop after }{\i\f713\cf1\insrsid7800816 t'r\'ea }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and proba
bly an erasure; the scribe may have intended to add more details when available in the space at the end of the line.}{\insrsid7800816 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab \tab The prior of Sainte-Marie of Lyre held 1 virgate in Hardwick in Eldersfield (SO8132) in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 140. See }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Worcestershire}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 322 note 11; }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Worcestershire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , iv. p. 79; }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Monasticon Anglicanum}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , vi. p. 1092; }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Taxatio Ecclesiastica}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 217a.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 1,47\tab SUCKLEY. See WOR 1,1b and WOR X3 for the diversion of its revenue to Hereford.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 10 IMPOVERISHED SMALLHOLDERS. That is, without ploughs.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab A KEEPER OF 12 BEEHIVES. Literally 'a keeper of the bees of 12 hives'.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab SAINTE-MARIE [* OF CORMEILLES *]. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Sainte-Marie of Cormeilles; see }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Worcestershire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 323 note 1; }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Monasticon Anglicanum}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 , vi. pp. 1075-76.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 \tab EARL ROGER.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
 Roger of Breteuil, Earl of Hereford from 1071 until his rebellion in 1075;}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 see \{Introduction: The Welsh Border: History\}. He was son of William son of Osbern, his predecessor as Earl of}{\insrsid7800816  }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 Hereford.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 
THESE SIX MANORS PAY TO HEREFORD. That is 1,42-47, the four Worcestershire manors of Bushley (with Pull}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Court), Queenhill, Eldersfield and Suckley together with Hanley Castle and Forthampton,}{\insrsid7800816  }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 both in Gloucestershire in 1086. This implies that the entry for Pull Court is part of that for}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Bushley.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 1,48\tab [CASTLERY]. The entry concerning Monmou
th is not governed by any previous administrative unit head (for example 'In Worcestershire' at 1,44 or 'In Doddingtree Hundred' inserted at 1,47), nor probably, since it was not hidated and lay west of the boundary of Herefordshire and England, was it in
 any hundred, like some other castles; see \{Introduction: Castles\}. In such cases [Castle] or [Castlery] is inserted in the translation.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 
MONMOUTH CASTLE. The castle no doubt played an important role in the consolidation}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 of Anglo-Norman rule in Archenfield and in the conquest of Gwent; see \{Introduction: Castles\}. The Book of Llan D\'e2
v, (Evans, pp. 277-78) recalls how the castle was built during King William's reign and how Earl William gave half of it to three of his barons, Humphrey, Osbern and William the scribe (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 scriptor}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ).}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 After the revolt in 1075 of Earl William's son, Earl Roger, the castle was given to Wihenoc (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 gueithenauc}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ).}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
During his tenancy Bishop Herwald (of Llandaff 1056-1104) consecrated the church of the castle in the presence of King Caradoc (son of Gruffydd ap Rhydderch, King of Gwynllwg and Upper Gwent). Wihenoc founded the priory there some time after 1075 (}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Monasticon Anglicanum}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , iv. p. 596) as a dependency of Saint-Florent of Saumur (in the d\'e9partement of Maine-et-Loire, France) and became a monk in it. His tenancy of the castle passed to Ranulf (}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 randulf}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 of Colville, then to William son of Baderon (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 batrun}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ).}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
For the priory and its dependencies and the lands and tithes bestowed on it by Wihenoc, his brother Baderon and nephew William, see Round in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 277, and in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Calendar of Documents}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  France}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , pp. 395-416, and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Monmouth Priory Charters}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 2 CARUCATES OF LAND. Here and elsewhere in Herefordshire, Gloucestershire and the south-western counties the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 carucata }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
is not the carucate of former Danish areas (which is equivalent to the hide) but is the same as 'land for }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 n }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ploughs' (see 1,3 land note). On many occasions the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Liber Exoniensis}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816  uses the term }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 carucatae terrae }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 where the corresponding entry in Great Domesday has }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 terra est}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ...}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  car'}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 thus proving that the terms were synonymous. In Domesday Herefordshire carucates are especially associated with castles and newly-occupied lands which had not yet been hidated.}{
\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 1,49\tab ARCHENFIELD. The second major division (1,49-60) of the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Terra Regis }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
(see HEF 1 king note) deals with the district of Archenfield, recently acquired from the Welsh. The introductory section at 1,49 is similar to A1-10 ; the lands listed in 1,50-60 are not measured in hides but in carucates (1,48 carucates n
ote), and generally pay 'Welsh' honey and sheep dues. Many lands are held by major landholders but are not listed in their own fiefs. Wormelow Hundred (1,61-63) was a small inroad of English settlement in Archenfield in 1066 and the meetings of the hundre
ds were held there (C3 Wormelow note). In }{\i\insrsid7800816 Lay Subsidy Roll (1334)}{\insrsid7800816 , p. 125,}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
 Wormelow Hundred is co-extensive with Archenfield and the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 19) has a heading at the place corresponding to HEF 1,49: }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 hic incipy}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 un}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 ]}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 t consetudines de manerium de Wormelowe in Irchynffeld infra comytatum Harfordie }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
('here begin the customs of the manor of Wormelow in Archenfield within the county of Hereford'). This is written in a late medieval hand and is not transcribed by the editors of the Herefordshire Domesday.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 20s IN PLACE OF THE SHEEP WHICH THEY USED TO GIVE. A clear example of a payment in kind being commuted to a money rent.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab HEARTH TAX. }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Fumagium }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 'reek-silver' or 'hearth-money'; see }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Dictionary of Medieval Latin}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , under }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 fumagium}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab MARCH IN THE KING'S ARMY. Compare A9.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab IF THEY HAVE BEEN ORDERED. In the manuscript there is an erasure immediately after the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 t }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 fuerit}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ;}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 the scribe may have written }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 fuerint }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 first.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab KING GRUFFYDD AND BLEDDYN. Gruffydd ap Llywelyn was ruler of Powys and Gwynedd from }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 c}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
. 1039. He exerted pressure on Deheubarth and ruled it from 1055 on the death of Gruffydd ap Rhydderch. He conducted a number of raids into England, coming near to Leomins
ter in 1052 (Anglo-Saxon Chronicle under that year). In 1055 in alliance with Algar, outlawed son of Earl Leofric, he routed a force under Earl Ralph of Hereford and sacked the town of Hereford, plundering the cathedral (Anglo-Saxon Chronicle under that y
e
ar). It is probably this raid to which Domesday refers. In 1063 after a further incursion, he was pursued by Harold and Tosti and killed by the Welsh after being driven beyond Gwynedd and Powys. His kingdom was broken up and in Gwynedd he was succeeded by
 Bleddyn ap Cyfyn (died 1075), probably the man mentioned here. Since }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 rex }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is mentioned only once and refers to Gruffydd, the raid probably took place before 1063 when he succeeded Gruffydd. Domesday }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Blein }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 corresponds to Old Welsh }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Bledgint}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Middle Welsh }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Blethyn}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 modern Welsh }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Bleddyn}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ;}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 see}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid7800816 
Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid7800816 , }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 p. 204.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 1,50\tab GARWAY.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Lagademar}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 . }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 318, left the place unidentified,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 but the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 19, see p. 87 note) has a marginal }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Garwi}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Garway is a shortened }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Llan- }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 name, an abbreviation of a hypothetical }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Langarewi }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('Guoruoe's church') or similar; see Ekwall, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Dictionary of English Place-Names}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , u
nder Garway. Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Lagademar }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 probably represents }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Lan-gademar}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 that is a }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Llan- }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 name with a different personal name. In this instance, the name of the estate may have changed with a change of church dedication.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab BELONGED TO ARCHENFIELD. It lay on the southern edge, far from any other Domesday place so far identified, and may in 1086 have been regarded as part of Gwent which is surveyed in GLS W1-19.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 3 OXEN. In 24,7, three oxen are also mentioned, apparently in place of a fraction of a plough. There were normally eight oxen to a plough-team, but perhaps fewer in the south-west; see WIL 28,10 oxen note, and SOM 25,56 where '
\'bd plough' is '3 oxen' in the corresponding entry in the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Liber Exoniensis}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 . See also Galbraith and Tait, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Herefordshire Domesday}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , pp. xxxi-
xxxii, for evidence that at least on the king's lordship land in Herefordshire a plough-team of six oxen was the norm.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 1,51\tab A MANOR. The Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 19, see p. 87 note) has a marginal entry placing the land at }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Baldinga'}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
now Ballingham (SO5731) on the west bank of the River Wye.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 1,52\tab WAERSTAN. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Werestan}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 from Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 W\'e6rstan}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab ONE VILLAGE. Harewood, to the east of Llanwarne (SO5226). It is }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Harewuda }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 19, see p. 87 note).}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 1,53\tab CADIAND.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  An Old Welsh name; see von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid7800816 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid7800816 , }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 p. 213. The man appears in the Book of Llan D\'e2
v ( Evans, p. 276) as }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Catgendu}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 holder of the parish.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab EXCEPT [IN] THE ARMY. For this service, see A8-9 and 1,49.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 1,56\tab PONTRILAS. Domesday }{\i\insrsid7800816 Elwistone}{\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\insrsid7800816  }{\insrsid7800816 in Archenfield; identified by }{\i\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\insrsid7800816 
, i. p. 318, as Helvistone Wood in Harewood. This spelling derives from Duncumb, }{\i\insrsid7800816 History of Herefordshire}{\insrsid7800816 , and is corrupt; the place is now Elvastone, Elversto
n on the Ordnance Survey first edition one-inch map (sheet 43 of 1831, reprinted 1969 as sheet 59); Elvastone is the identification of }{\i\insrsid7800816 Domesday Gazetteer}{\insrsid7800816 . Earlier spellings cited in Bannister, }{\i\insrsid7800816 
Place-Names of Herefordshire}{\insrsid7800816 , p. 69, such as }{\i\insrsid7800816 Evaston }{\insrsid7800816 (1443), probably show confusion with Everstone in Peterstow (SO5525), but }{\i\insrsid7800816 Elvareston' }{\insrsid7800816 from }{
\i\insrsid7800816 Lay Subsidy Roll (1334)}{\insrsid7800816 , p. 126, should certainly be added as a predecessor of the modern name. Such spellings make derivation from Domesday }{\i\insrsid7800816 Elwistone }{\insrsid7800816 
improbable. On the other hand, early forms of Pontrilas are }{\i\insrsid7800816 Helyston}{\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\insrsid7800816  Heliston}{\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\insrsid7800816  Elston}{\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\insrsid7800816  Elstones }{\insrsid7800816 
and the place occurs on early maps as 'Elstones' or 'Elstones Bridge'}{\i\insrsid7800816  }{\insrsid7800816 (Saxton's map of 1577, Speed's map of 1611, Blohme's map of 1670); the earliest occurrence of the modern name Pontrilas cited in Bannister, }{
\i\insrsid7800816 Place-Names of }{\insrsid7800816 Herefordshire, pp. 154-55, being }{\i\insrsid7800816 c}{\insrsid7800816 . 1750. }{\i\insrsid7800816 Heliston }{\insrsid7800816 or }{\i\insrsid7800816 Elistone }{\insrsid7800816 
occurs in a number of deeds in the so-called 'Cartulary of Ewyas Harold'; see 19,1 Ewyas note; Bannister, }{\i\insrsid7800816 History of Ewias Harold}{\insrsid7800816 , pp. 48-60 and p. 129 note y; Walker, 'Register of St Peter's, Gloucester',}{
\i\insrsid7800816  }{\insrsid7800816 p. 43 nos. 114-116 and p. 50 nos. 147-148. This 'Cartulary' is extracted from Gloucester Cathedral, D. and C., 'Register A' folios 138r-176v; see Davis, }{\i\insrsid7800816 Medieval Cartularies}{\insrsid7800816 , pp
. 44, 51 (no. 455); Walker, 'Register of St Peter's, Gloucester', p. 6. }{\i\insrsid7800816 Elwistone }{\insrsid7800816 
was held by Alfred of Marlborough and if it is Pontrilas, will have lain adjacent to his castle of Ewyas Harold (19,1), although on the southern bank of the River Dore. }{\i\insrsid7800816 Helistone }{\insrsid7800816 
was part of Harold son of Earl Ralph's gift of lands to Ewyas Harold Priory (see Walker, 'Register of St Peter's, Gloucester',}{\i\insrsid7800816  }{\insrsid7800816 
p. 8), and it was to this Harold that some of Alfred's lands passed (see HEF 19 Alfred note). Pontrilas is in Kentchurch parish and both this parish and the adjacent Kenderchurch have churches dedicated to Welsh saints. They are the }{\i\insrsid7800816 
Ecclesia de Sancta Keyne }{\insrsid7800816 (Saint Ceina) and the }{\i\insrsid7800816 Ecclesia Sancti Kenedri }{\insrsid7800816 (Saint Cynidr) in }{\i\insrsid7800816 Taxatio Ecclesiastica}{\insrsid7800816 , p. 160b, see }{\i\insrsid7800816 
Nonarum Inquisitiones}{\insrsid7800816 , p. 150b, and they lay in Archenfield both administratively and ecclesiastically, although they were later transferred to the enlarged Webtree Hundred; see \{Introduction: Hundreds\}. The priest at }{
\i\insrsid7800816 Elwistone }{\insrsid7800816 may well have presided over the church at Kentchurch which was also part of the grant of Harold son of Earl Ralph to Ewyas Harold Priory. 'Elstones Bridge'}{\i\insrsid7800816  }{\insrsid7800816 
was earlier identified with }{\i\insrsid7800816 Elnodestune }{\insrsid7800816 (10,17 "Elnodestune" note), but that land lay in the Dore or Golden Valley in 1086.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 1,57\tab ASHE [INGEN]. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Formerly part of the royal manor of Cleeve (1,8; see 1,8 Cleeve note), where it is assessed at 2 hides less 1 virgate.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 1,58\tab BIRCH. Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Mainaure}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 identified as Mainoaks in Goodrich by Bannister, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Place-Names of Herefordshire}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 127, and as ?Mainoaks near Huntsham in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 318 . But the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 20, see p. 88 note) has a marginal note }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Birches }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 referring to Much Birch or Little Birch or both. }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  has }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Mainaure}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  (in Birch).}{
\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab COSTELIN.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  A Continental German personal name derived from Old German }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Costila}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ; see}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid7800816 
Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid7800816 , }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 p. 219.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab HE PAYS ... .Or perhaps 'it pays ...', referring to the manor, as in 1,59 'This land pays ...', although it is the Welshman in the next sentence who pays the money and sesters of honey.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 1,59\tab "}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 PENEBECDOC".}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 The Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 20) in a marginal entry has }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Penebredoc}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 In minuscule script, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 c }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 r}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  could be confused, and the Domesday form could represent }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Peneberdoc}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , due to metathesis of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 r}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 . The place might be represented by Pendigot in St Weonards, at SO4826.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab NOVI. Probably Old Welsh }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Novgui}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Nogui}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ; see von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid7800816 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{
\insrsid7800816 ,}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  p. 332.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 1,60\tab GODRIC MAPSON ... HOWLE [HILL]. For the byname, see Tengvik, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Old English Bynames}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, p. 378. Godric named Goodrich Castle (SO5719), on the western bank of the River Wye, with which the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 20, see p. 88 note) identifies }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Hulla }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
in a marginal annotation }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Cast' Godr'}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 'Howle' which simply means 'hill' (see Ekwall, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Dictionary of English Place-Names}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 , under Howle, and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 English Place-Name Elements}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. under }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 hygel}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
is a common word in the area. The most likely Howle is Howle Hill in Walford (SO6020) which suggests that this land lay on both sides of the River Wye.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab TALDUS. A name of uncertain origin; see von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid7800816 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid7800816 ,}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  p. 382.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 1,61\tab THIS THIRD DIVISION of roy
al land, beginning here, lay in various hundreds (HEF 1 king note). These estates did not contribute to the revenue of Hereford; 1,61-70 lay on the border of Wales and 1,72-75 close to the Gloucestershire border which had not been finally fixed in 1086; s
ee \{Introduction: The County Boundary\}. Rowden (1,71), in "Plegelgete" Hundred is exceptional.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab IN WORMELOW HUNDRED. The 'hundred' is in fact a small composite manor consisting apparently of only 7 cultivated hides. Such manors, counted as hundreds for admi
nistrative purposes, are found in other counties (see 1,6 "Lene" note). For Wormelow, see C3 Wormelow note and 1,49 Archenfield note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 'WESTWOOD'. The Gloucester Abbey holding, originating as a grant of Earl William, is }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Westwode in Jerchenfeld }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in the Gloucester History (Hart,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 i. p. 118) and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Westwode in Jerchenffeld in Lawaran }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in the same document (Hart, i. p. 123). There are four 'Westwoods' in Domesday Herefordshire, the}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
other three being identified more exactly by the Herefordshire Domesday; see Walker, \lquote Descent of Westwood in Llanwarne'. The Domesday spellings }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Westuode }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (1,61) and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Westeude }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 (1,62) could represent different names: 'west wood' (Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 west wudu}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and 'waste' or 'useless wood' (Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
weste wudu}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 respectively. Against this entry the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 20, see p. 88 note) has an unexplained }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 villa Asmacum}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 probably a mistake for }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Asmantun }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 which would represent Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 \'c6scmantun }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
('farmstead' or 'village' or 'estate called after one }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 \'c6scman}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 '}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ;}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
such a name might have yielded a modern 'Ashminton' or 'Ashenton'.}{\insrsid7800816 
\par \tab \tab The place is tentatively identified as ?Dewsall in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 319, but is left unidentified by }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab ONE OF THESE HAS WELSH CUSTOMS. See 2,15;56 for other occurrences of 'Welsh hides'.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab DURAND ... HIS BROTHER ROGER. Durand was Durand of P\'eetres, sheriff of Gloucester in 1086; Roger his brother was Roger of P\'eetres, constable of Gloucester Castle (see Hart, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Historia et Chartularium Monasterii Sancti Petri Gloucestriae}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
i. p. lxxvi) and sheriff of Gloucester in Earl William's time, but dead by 1086 as this entry shows. See 1,72 and 22,8 and HEF 22 Durand note. P\'eetres is in the d\'e9partement of Eure, France; see Tengvik, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Old English Bynames}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 106.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab ROGER OF LACY HOLDS PART. The Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 20, see p. 88 note), identifies Roger's part as }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Wrmenton' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in a marginal note. The place occurs as }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Wurmetun'}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , a Weobley fee (see HEF 10 Roger note) in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 811, and later as 'Wormeton' o
r 'Wormington', now lost. Like Wormelow, it will have been named from the Worm Brook; see Ekwall, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Dictionary of English Place-Names}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , under Worm Brook}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab RALPH OF SACEY ALSO HOLDS PART. The Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 21, see p. 88 note) similarly places the land at }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Wrmoton'}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  and in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 811, Ralph }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 de Saucey }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 holds from Walter of Lacy (honour of Weobley) at }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Wurmetun'}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab \tab }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Salceit }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is either Sacey near Avranches in the French d\'e9partement of Manche, or Sassy near Falaise in the d\'e9partement of Calvados; see Tengvik, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Old English Bynames}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 112.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 1,62\tab DEWSALL. Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Westeude }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (see 1,61 'Westwood' note); for which the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
p. 21, see p. 88 note) has a marginal entry }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Dewiswell}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 The prior of Lyre holds it in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Taxatio Ecclesiastica}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 158b.}
{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 \tab ILBERT [* SON OF TUROLD *]. Note to be supplied (JP).}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 1,63\tab 9 WASTE MANORS. The Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 21) has a marginal entry }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 nouem maneria uasta in forestis de xix hid' quas tenet Will' Normanni }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
('nine waste manors of 19 hides in the forests which William [son] of Norman holds').}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
This alteration to the Domesday entry suggests that the manors were in the area of Archenfield overgrown by the Forest of Dean which then stretched north and east towards Hereford; see \{Introduction: Forest\}.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 1,64\tab 
BURLINGJOBB. With the exception of this manor and of Old Radnor (1,65), all other manors in this area of "Hezetre" Hundred which are waste are said in 9,13 and 24,3 to be 'In the Welsh March'; see \{Introduction: The Welsh Border: Political Geography\}.}{
\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab SOL. An obscure personal name. Von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid7800816 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid7800816 ,}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  p. 368 offers no explanation, but refers to Redin, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Uncompounded Personal Names in Old English}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , pp. 23-24, who discusses and rejects Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 sol }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('sun') and Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 sol }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
('mud'). Bosworth and Toller, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Anglo-Saxon Dictionary}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Supplement}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ),}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and Campbell's }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Enlarged Addenda and Corrigenda }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 thereto, attest the Old English adjective }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 sol }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('dirty') and this would form a good basis for a nickname and personal name (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 se}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  sol}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 which would be Latinized }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Solus}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , or }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Sola }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
and which would be comparable with other Old English personal names such as }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Bigga}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Blaca}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Brun}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 etc.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab \tab There is a gap of about two letters' width in the manuscript after }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Sol}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 not shown by Farley.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 1,65\tab [OLD] RADNOR. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 See 1,64 Burlingjobb note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab HUGH THE ASS ... HIS PREDECESSOR THORKIL [* WHITE *]. That is, Thorkil White. Norman landholders were often granted all the lands of a particul
ar English thane. Thorkil preceded Hugh at 29,2;11-12;16;20 in his fief. Hugh's claim seems to have succeeded as [Old] Radnor is held by William }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 de Braose}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
his successor in other lands in the later survey in the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 78). On Thorkil's wife Leoffled, see 7,1 Leoffled note.}{\insrsid7800816 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab \tab }{\insrsid7800816 It is likely that the Thorkil whose estates were acquired by Roger of Lacy and William son of Baderon was the same man. The majority had been held from Earl Harold, and all were intermingled with
 the other estates of Thorkil White and his wife. See also Clarke, }{\i\insrsid7800816 English Nobility}{\insrsid7800816 , pp. 345-46, whose list omits GLS 39,2 and HEF 1,65 (JP).}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab WHEN HE GAVE HIM. In the manuscript there is an erasure after }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 ded' ei}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 extending to the end of the line and perha
ps into the right margin. The scribe drew a line to join up the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 ded' ei }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 to the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 t'ram }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
in the next line, in case it was thought that he had left a space for other details to be added later. Farley did not print this line nor a similar one in 21,7, though he did in 29,16.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 1,67\tab "MATEURDIN"}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ... PART OF THIS LAND. The rest is held by Gruffydd in 31,1; see 31,1 "Mateurdin" note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 1,69\tab WELSON. }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Ulfelmestone }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Ulfelmetone}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
 in the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 22), }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Ulfhemeston}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  in a later survey in the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 79). John Freeman observes: '}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 319, suggests that identification of Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Ulfelmestone }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in Elsdon Hundred with Welson near Eardisley, an identification which is accepted by }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  but apparently not by the editors of the Herefordshire Domesday (see Galbraith and Tait,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Herefordshire Domesday}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, index, p. 145). The Domesday form represents the Old English personal name }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Wulfhelm }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in the genitive singular and Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 tun }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ...}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 Unfortunately, the early forms of the name Welson, which might shed light on the rather drastic reduction of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Wulfhelmes- }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 to }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Wels-}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 are lacking. One might, however, have expected a modern form, hypothetical 'Wo(o)ls(t)on' or 'Wolves(t)on'}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
rather than Welson, since the vowel of the strongly-stressed first syllable normally prevails over that of the weakly-stressed medial syllable in place-names'.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab IN CHICKWARD 1 HIDE. Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Stiuingeurdin}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  was tentatively identified by }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i.
 p. 319 as ?'Strangward' (near Knill) citing Saxton's and Speed's maps, with a note to say that the place is 'now Strongwood'. However, the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 22) has }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Stiuichewordin }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 in the text with }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Chicwurdine }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 interlined and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Chicwordin i hid' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 as}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
a marginal entry. The final element of the place-name is Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 worthign }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 'a private curtilage' (probably for a consolidated estate, see }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 English Place-Name Elements}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 , ii. under }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 worthign}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ). The first element of the Domesday form would represent a hypothetical Old English place-name }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Stifinge }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (Old English }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 stif}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 'stiff', 'unyielding', perhaps for a heavy soil, see }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Place-Names of Chesh}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ire, v. (I, ii) p. 353}{
\cf1\dn6\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 under }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 stif}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ); hence 'the manor' or 'estate at }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Stifing}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 '.}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
This name gives way to }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Chicwurdine }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in which the first element is probably an Old English personal name }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Cic }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('Chick'?) observed in other place-names; see Ekwall, }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Dictionary of English Place-Names}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , under Chickney, Essex. Yet another instance of name-change in Herefordshire. Perhaps the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 worthign }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 at }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Stifing }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 belonged to one }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Cic}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab IN BOLLINGHAM 1 HIDE. Domesday }{\i\insrsid7800816 Burardestune}{\insrsid7800816  is identified by }{\i\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 319, as Burton. However, }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait,}{\insrsid7800816  p. 22) has }{\i\insrsid7800816 Buracdestone }{\insrsid7800816 in the text with }{\i\insrsid7800816 Bollingeshulle }{\insrsid7800816 interlined and }{\i\insrsid7800816 Bolingeshulla i hid' }
{\insrsid7800816 in the margin. JMcND, with acknow\-ledgement to John Freeman, adds that }{\i\insrsid7800816 Buracdestone }{\insrsid7800816 is a scribe's error for }{\i\insrsid7800816 Burardestone }{\insrsid7800816 through similarity of }{
\i\insrsid7800816 c }{\insrsid7800816 and short }{\i\insrsid7800816 r }{\insrsid7800816 in his script (compare 1,59 }{\i\insrsid7800816 Penebecdoc}{\insrsid7800816 ).}{\i\insrsid7800816  }{\insrsid7800816 The first element is p
robably the Old English personal name }{\i\insrsid7800816 Burgheard}{\insrsid7800816 . The}{\i\insrsid7800816  }{\insrsid7800816 new name is based on an Old English place-name, hypothetical }{\i\insrsid7800816 Bol}{\insrsid7800816 (}{\i\insrsid7800816 l}{
\insrsid7800816 )}{\i\insrsid7800816 ing }{\insrsid7800816 to which }{\i\insrsid7800816 hyll}{\insrsid7800816 (}{\i\insrsid7800816  }{\insrsid7800816 'a hill') and later }{\i\insrsid7800816 hamm }{\insrsid7800816 
('enclosure', 'hemmed-in place') have been suffixed.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab IN RUSHOCK 4 HIDES. The scribe first wrote }{\i\insrsid7800816 .iii. }{\insrsid7800816 and then corrected it to }{\i\insrsid7800816 /iii. }{\insrsid7800816 the dot originally written before the }{\i\insrsid7800816 iii }{
\insrsid7800816 being still visible under the lengthened added minim stroke. The }{\i\insrsid7800816 -or }{\insrsid7800816 of }{\i\insrsid7800816 quattuor }{\insrsid7800816 was interlined to clarify the correction.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab BARTON.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  Domesday has }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Beuretune}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 22) has }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Beuertona }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in the text. }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 319 note 43, suggests Burton (Burton Court SO4257), citing }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Feudal Aids}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , ii. p. 377, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Bourton cum membris in valle de Radenore}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ; the indexer of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Feudal Aids}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  places }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Bourton }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
in Eardisland, the wrong hundred for this Domesday place. Barton near Kington is in the right area, but in view of the Domesday form the identification is tentative. }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday Gazetteer }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
suggests Barton. John Freeman notes that the first element of the Domesday place-name }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Beuretone }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 appears to be Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 beofor}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  befer }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('a beaver') and that the development from Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Befer-tun }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 to Modern English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Barton }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
would be regular enough; but Barton near Kington is not sited aptly for the beaver, being not on a stream, but on a fairly steep hillside \'bc
 mile away from, and 100 feet above, the River Arrow. He suggests an etymology for the Domesday name, less obvious in form but more fitting the site of Barton, which would see the first element as a place-name, hypothetical Old English }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Beofre }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 be ofre}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ) -}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 '(place) on a hill-slope' - consisting of the Old English preposition }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 be}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816  ('by', 'near') and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 ofer}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  ('a slope', 'a hill', 'a ridge') to which the element Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 tun }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 had been su
ffixed. Compare Bure, Hampshire, in Ekwall, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Dictionary of English Place-Names}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 1,70\tab WOONTON. The Elsdon hundred head identifies this place as Woonton in Almeley; see Rennell, 'Domesday Manors', p. 155; and 2,52 "Winetune" note and 10,12 Woonton note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab RALPH OF BERNAY.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  See 1,2 Ralph note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab THE REVENUE OF LEOMINSTER. That is, of the great manor with its many members 1,10-38.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 1,72\tab 'NEWARNE'. In East Dean: }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Place-Names of Gloucestershire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , iii. pp. 218-19 (which does not cite the Domesday}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 form); possibly the site
 of the later Speech House, the judicial centre of the Forest of Dean.}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 The derivation is Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 niwe aern }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('new house').}{\i\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab \tab VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 319, tentatively identified the place as ?Huntsham and}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  as Newerne.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab CAME TO [HUNDRED] MEETINGS. Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 convenire }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('to gather', 'meet') is correctly used of}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
people, not land (see WOR 8,25 appear note). The meaning is explained by the final phrase.}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 In terms of justice and service the land lay in Herefordshire but its payments had been}{\insrsid7800816  }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 'diverted' to Gloucestershire. A similar arrangement applied to Kingstone (3,1); both manors}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 lay in an area where the Gloucestershire-Herefordshire boundary had not been finalized, see}{
\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \{Introduction: The County Boundary\}.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 \tab ROGER OF P\'ceTRES.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  See 1,
61 Durand note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 1,73\tab REDBROOK. Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Brocote}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 ;}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 see }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Place-Names of Gloucestershire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , iii. p. 237, which does not cite the Domesday form,}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
which represents 'cottage(s) at the brook or water-meadows' from Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 broc }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 cot }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (dative singular }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 cote}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 nominative plural }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 cotu}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ). Neither }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 319, nor}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Domesday Gazetteer}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816  identifies this place. The identification with Redbrook was made by JSM in the Phillimore printed edition of Gloucestershire note to E3 (= HEF 1,73) which reads: '[Lower] Redbr
ook in Newland, the nucleus of the later royal manor of Newland, first}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 recorded in 1221 (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Place-Names of Gloucestershire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
iii. p. 237)'.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab THE KING'S WOOD. The Forest of Dean; see \{Introduction: Forest\}.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 1,74\tab THERE ALSO. That is, in Redbrook; see 1,73 Redbrook note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab BRICTRIC HELD A MANOR. Upper Redbrook, partly in Newland and partly in Staunton (JSM).}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab STAUNTON. Staunton near Coleford, not Staunton in Corse (JSM).}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab EARL GODWIN. Earl of the West Saxons, father of Earl (King) Harold and Edith (wife of King Edward the Confessor). He died in 1053; see 19,3 Godwin note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 1,75\tab YATTON. Identified tentatively by }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 320, as ?Gayton near Ross-on-Wye, but as Yatton by }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab AT A REVENUE FROM. In the manuscript }{\i\f720\cf1\insrsid7800816 ad firm\'e2 de}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ;}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Farley misprinted }{\i\f720\cf1\insrsid7800816 ad firm\'e2 de de}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab HUMPHREY THE CHAMBERLAIN. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Brother of Aiulf the sheriff of Dorset. He was probably of the household of Queen Matilda: he held land in Surrey from her holding (SUR 31) and she gave him 
two manors in Gloucestershire (GLS 69,6-7). He was a major landholder in a number of other Domesday counties.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab THANELAND. Generally thaneland was part of the lordship land (see SOM 8,16) of either a lay or an ecclesiastical landholder, set aside to maintai
n a thane, armed and mounted. In return for the land the thane would provide certain services, often military. This land, especially if it was part of the church's land, was usually inalienable: the holder was not free to transfer his allegiance to anothe
r
 lord nor to sell the land (see SOM 8,20). Thaneland was not automatically hereditable, though it could sometimes be granted for a period of 'three lives'. The holder of thaneland was not necessarily a thane, however; see DOR 1,31 where he is a priest. Fr
om several entries in Domesday (for example, DOR 1,13) it would seem that thaneland was often simply land once held by a thane. The protest here}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
seems to mean that the change in the status of the hide in Yatton has deprived the king of revenue.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab REEVELAND. See 1,2 reeve note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab COMMISSIONERS. Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 legati}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ;}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
that is, the Commissioners charged with carrying out the Domesday Survey. Their names are known only in the case of Worcestershire: see 'Worcester H' in WOR \{Appendix\}.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 2\tab THE CHURCH OF HEREFORD. 
Like the Church of Shrewsbury (SHR 3) this Church comprised several churches of which St Aethelbert's (2,13) and St Peter's (2,58) are separately mentioned. The core of the chapter is 2,4-56, but it opens with a survey of the bishop's portion of Hereford 
and a note of alienated lands (2,2-3) and ends with 2,57-58 which are supplementary notes. Cartularies of the Cathedral Church survive in Oxford, Bodleian Library Jones 23 (see Rawlinson, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 City and Cathedral Church of}{
\insrsid7800816  }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Hereford}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , Appendix pp. 32-85) and in Oxford, Bodleian Library Rawlinson B 329 (calendared by Bannister, 'A Lost Cartulary of Hereford Cathedral'; see Davis, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Medieval Cartularies}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , pp. 54-55 nos. 480-482). See also HEF 6 St Guthlac's note and 10,5 Walter note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 2,1\tab THE TOWN OF HEREFORD. Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 port }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('town' or 'market-town'); see Ekwall, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Dictionary of English Place-Names}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , under }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 port}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ; and C1 city note and 2,57 town note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab BISHOP WALTER. Walter of Lorraine, chaplain to Queen Edith and Bishop of Hereford}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 1061-1079.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab THE BISHOP ALSO HAD. }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Habebat q; isd' ep's}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ; the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 q; }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (= }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 que }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 'and') is unusually placed: it is
}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 normally an enclitic, joining two words or phrases within a sentence. It is possible that the}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 scribe meant to write }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 qq}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
; with a superscript }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 o}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  over the first }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 q }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (= }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 quoque}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
'also'); the rest of the entry is neat and with no erasures.}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Farley misprinted the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 q;}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  as occasionally elsewhere.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab ONE MONEYER. See C9}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab BISHOP ROBERT. Robert Losinga, Bishop of Hereford 1079-1095.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 40 HIDES. Probably an error for }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 mansuras}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 :}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 the 40 messuages destroyed with the 60 messuages intact make approximately the 98 that Bishop Walter had before 1066. The city had been}{\insrsid7800816  }
{\cf1\insrsid7800816 devastated by the Welsh in 1055; see \{Introduction: The Welsh Border: History\}.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 2,2\tab DIDLEY ... "STANE". Didley has here been assumed to lie in the southern part of S
tretford Hundred, probably its original hundred. Having been alienated from the church, the lands now lay partly in "Cutestornes" Hundred (in the castlery of Ewyas Harold; see 10,1. 13,2 and \{Introduction: Castles\}
), partly in the royal forest, probably an extension of Treville Wood; see 1,3 Treville note).}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab IN THE KING'S ENCLOSURE. See 1,43 enclosure note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 2,3\tab 
THESE HIDES PAID TAX. A brief hidage schedule bound up with the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 77) and based on Domesday but slightly updated is relevant to this entry. It records Roger of Lacy holding 3 virgates in }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Erdeshop' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (Yarsop) }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 de quibus geldabat cum episcopo }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('on which he paid tax with the bishop'). Similarly Gilbert son of Turold pays with the bishop for 2 \'bd
 hides in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Salberga }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (Sawbury Hill), Charbonnel for l \'bd hides and Bernard of Neufmarch\'e9 (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 de Novo Mercato}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 on \'bd
 hide. In Domesday Roger of Lacy holds 1 \'bd hides at Yarsop (10,59); he also holds 2 \'bd virgates in Sawbury Hill (10,65) and 1 hide in Tedstone (10,68). All these amount
s are difficult to relate to this hidage schedule. Charbonnel's land is undoubtedly }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Ach }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
(Noakes: 33,1). If this schedule is in error in naming Gilbert son of Turrold's estate as Sawbury, it is perhaps the 2 hides of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Chetestor }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (probably Tedstone; see 25,8 "
Chetestor" note). The 3 virgates of Yarsop could be those of the wife of Ralph the chaplain (34,1), the implication of the entry in the hidage list being that Roger of Lacy acquired them after 1086. Her other manor, Rowden (34,2), \'bd
 hide, adjacent to Sawbury, could be the Sawbury of the present Domesday entry and the \'bd hide held by Bernard in the list (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 de qua geldabat cum episcopo}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
: 'on which he paid tax with the bishop'). But that list records her total holding of 1 hide 1 virgate (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Vxor Radulfi capellani i hidam et i virgatam}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ) as apparently paying tax directly, not via the bishop.}{
\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab TEDSTONE.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Tedesthorne }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in Domesday; on the form see 10,68 Tedstone note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 \tab SAWBURY [HILL]. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Salberga}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  was left unidentified by }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 320, but identified as Sawbury [Hill] by }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .
}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 \tab N}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 OAKES. }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Ach }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 in Domesday was left unidentified both by }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 320, and by }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 . It appears to be the same estate as }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Lacre }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (33,1), corrected to }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Lac}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  in the margin
 of the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 73, see pp. 123-124 note), 1 hide held by Charbonnel. The place appears later as }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Hakes}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
1 hide in Broxash Hundred held in 1243 by Thomas }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 de Lake}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ; see }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 806. The identity of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Ach }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Lacre }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is further suggested by the hidage schedule in Galbraith and Tait, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Herefordshire Domesday}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 77, where }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Carbonellus }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 'paid tax with the bishop for 1 \'bd}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 hides'; see Galbraith and Tait, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Herefordshire Domesday}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 89 note. The two names may be the same:}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Ach }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 represents Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 ac }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 'oak' (Noke in Oxfordshire, Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Ac}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 h}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 )
}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 am}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is similarly derived from }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 ac}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ),}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Lac }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 represents a combination of that name with the French definite article (see Galbraith and Tait, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Herefordshire Domesday}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 124). But they could be 
different names, perhaps for two manors very closely involved territorially; John Freeman observes that }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Lac }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 might represent Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 lacu }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 'a stream', 'a water-course'), taken by Ekwall, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Dictionary of English Place-Names}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , as the origin of the place-nam
es Lake, in Wiltshire, and Lacon near Wem in Shropshire; the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 -re }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Lacre }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
is an Anglo-Norman feature, either an excrescent or a representation of a late Old English dative plural locative inflexion.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 LIST 5\tab THESE LANDS ... BELONG TO THE CANONS. The schedule
 of the lands held by the church in 1086 now begins. The various holders of the lands (the bishop, the canons, nuns, some churches) are not always stated. The Herefordshire Domesday supplies some of the missing information in marginal notes.}{
\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 2,4\tab POSSIBLE IN LORDSHIP [***]. The rest of the line after this is blank in the manuscript; as there is no dot after }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 d'nio}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
the scribe may have intended to add something later.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 \tab 2 CLERICS.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  Latin }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 clericus }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 can refer to a lay job or to an ecclesiastical office, and Domesday rarely indicates which is intended. The English 'cleric' preserves the ambiguity of the Latin.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab VALUE NOW \'a310. There is no dot after }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 lib'}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , so the scribe may have intended to add to the amo
unt, though there are occasions in Domesday when the full stop has obviously been omitted in error.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 2,5\tab 
THEY HAVE 7 VILLAGES WITH 3 PLOUGHS. Following a mistake at the beginning of the line, and the consequent erasure, the scribe wrote }{\i\f720\cf1\insrsid7800816 vii uill' c\'fb iii car}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 ' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
slightly indented, then added the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Hi h'nt }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in the left margin and squeezed in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 os }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 after }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 uill'}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ;}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  
}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 this compression is not apparent in Farley.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab [VALUE] NOW 100s. }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Valet }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 omitted in error in the manuscript.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 2,6\tab TYBERTON. The Bishop of Hereford also holds }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Childeston }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Bellimare }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Feudal Aids}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, ii. p. 388) now Chilstone (SO3939) and Bellamore (SO3940), possibly part of the 6 hides of Tyberton.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 2,7\tab THE CANONS' BARTON. Domesday }{\i\insrsid7800816 
Bertune }{\insrsid7800816 from Old English }{\i\insrsid7800816 beretun}{\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\insrsid7800816  }{\insrsid7800816 Latinized as }{\i\insrsid7800816 bertona}{\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\insrsid7800816  bartona}{\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\insrsid7800816  
}{\insrsid7800816 from Old English }{\i\insrsid7800816 bere }{\insrsid7800816 ('barley', 'corn') and }{\i\insrsid7800816 tun }{\insrsid7800816 ('farm'). The word refers to a 'corn-farm' and in later times to a 'lordship farm' or 'outlying grange'. See }{
\i\insrsid7800816 English Place-Name Elements}{\insrsid7800816 , i. under }{\i\insrsid7800816 bertune}{\insrsid7800816 . It is frequently associated with church or monastic lands and is a common pla
ce-name. Here and in 2,9-10 it appears to be being used as a common noun but in 2,11 as a place-name; see 2,11 'Barton' note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 2,8\tab 
5 HIDES [***]. There is a gap of about 4 letters' width in the manuscript after }{\i\f713\cf1\insrsid7800816 hid\'ea}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , which has no dot}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 after it; the scribe pr
obably left the gap deliberately for the later inclusion of some such}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 word as }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 geld' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('which pay tax'); see 1,9 hides note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab BISHOP WALTER. See 2,1 Walter note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab MARKET. Presumably in Hereford; see }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday Geography of Midland England}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , pp. 104, 107; }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 272.}{
\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 2 FURLONGS. See 1,10a woodland note.}{
\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 
LYDNEY. In Gloucestershire (SO6302). GLS 1,55 records 'In Lydney Earl William}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 made a manor from 4 lands which he received from their lords. From the Bishop of}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Hereford's lordship 3 hides ...'.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 2,9\tab 3 HIDES; [***]. See 1,9 hides note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 2,10\tab VALUE OF THE WHOLE MANOR. The two parts of the bishop's barton (2,9-10) seem to be treated as a single manor, the value clause referring to both.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 2,11\tab `BARTON'.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Bertune}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 on which see 2,7 Barton note. The land was in Dinedor Hundred, and }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 320, and Bannister, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Place-Names of Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , followed by }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, identify a 'Burton' in Holme Lacy which has not been traced. Outside the medieval city of Hereford lay both a Cano
ns' Barton and a Barton Episcopi. John Taylor's map of 1757 records a Barton Field, Orchard and Farm west of the city at SO4939 in the area to which Barton Road now leads; Barton is likewise marked there on Bryant's map of 1835. To the east of the city st
ill lies a Bartonsham (SO5139). If Domesday's }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Bertune }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 was one of these, a part of Dinedor Hundred will in 1086 have lain north of the River Wye; see Baddeley, \lquote Herefordshire Place-Names\rquote 
, p. 108. The 10 hides will have covered a large area, perhaps north and south of the river.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 2,12\tab HOLME [LACY]. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Held by Roger of Lacy under the bishop; see }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Feudal Aids}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , ii. p. 387; }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, p. 812; Wightman, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Lacy Family}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , pp. 128-29; Colvin, 'Holme Lacy'; also Galbraith, 'Episcopal Land Grant'.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 4 BOORS. Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 buri }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 from Old English (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 ge}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 bur}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ;}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 the plural is also found as }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 burs }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in Domesday (for example BRK 1,31. HAM 1,10). }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Buri }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
are found in several counties in Domesday, including Worcestershire, Oxfordshire, Devon, Buckinghamshire and Berkshire, though not in any great number except on individual estates (for example, 17 }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 buri }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
in Bampton (OXF 1,6)). In Herefordshire they occur only on land of the Church of Hereford (here, and at 2,25-26;29-30;57), on each occasion having a share in some ploughs. They were not exactly the same as the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 geburs }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 of pre-Conquest documents who were of higher standing, but they are equated on three occasions in Domesday with }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 coliberti}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ;}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
see 1,4 freedmen note. For the rights and dues of the Anglo-Saxon (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 ge}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 bur}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 see }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Rectitudines}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 p. 446. See also OXF 1,6 boors note; Maitland, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday Book and Beyond}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , pp. 36-37; 328-30.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab LLANWARNE. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Ladguern}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 an outlying dependency lying within the bounds of Archenfield.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab EARL HAROLD ... WRONGFULLY. He had appropriated land in some 8 manors from the Church of Hereford 
(see also 2,26;31-33;37;50); King William had restored them. In WOR 3,3 he had also taken Inkberrow from this church and it had been restored. Compare Pembridge (19,8) which was still lost to St Guthlac's.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab FOR THE CANONS' SUPPLIES. Its revenues were devoted to supplying the needs of the canons. Compare 1,10b.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 2,13\tab IN 'GREYTREE' HUNDRED. Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Tragetreu}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
This form of the heading only appears here in Domesday. All three places (2,13-15) lay at the southern end of 'Greytree' Hundred and it is probable that the hundred head is a mistake for }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 t'ra gretreu }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
'the land (of, called) }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Gretreu' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 that is, the hundred name in singular inflexion. The places have been assumed to lie in 'Greytree' Hundred in this edition; see Anderson, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
English Hundred Names}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , pp. 167-68.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab WOOLHOPE.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Hope}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 801, records 15 hides held at }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Wulveve Hope }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 by the canons of St Ethelbert's (Albert's), by gift of Wulfeva (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Wulveve}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Wulfgifu}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 feminine) and Godiva (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Godheva}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Godgifu}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 feminine);see }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Feudal Aids}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , ii. p. 383.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 
THE CANONS OF ST ALBERT'S. That is, of the Church of St Ethelbert, the predecessor of the modern cathedral of St Mary and St Ethelbert. It was dedicated to King Ethelbert of East Anglia, murdered in 794 by Offa of Mercia and said to have bee
n buried at Hereford. This church was begun by Bishop Aethelstan II (1012-1056) and was the one seriously damaged by the Welsh raid of 1055 (see the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle under that year) although John of Worcester, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Chronicle}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816  (Darlington and McGurk, ii. pp
. 579-79) in describing the 1055 raid refers to the sack of a monastery established by Aethelstan and containing the relics of St Ethelbert. The existing cathedral was begun by Bishop Reinhelm (1107-1115); see }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Royal Commission on Historical Monuments (Herefordshire)}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 i. p. 90. The Dean and Chapter of St Ethelbert's later hold Canon Pyon (2,39; see }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Feudal Aids}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 , ii. p. 385).}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 2,15\tab BROCKHAMPTON.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Caplefore }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 probably for }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Capleford}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 . }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 321 note 47, suggests an identification with 'Caple' (Foraway Farm in How Caple). However, the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 26) has a marginal entry }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Brochamtona}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Bannister, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Place-Names of Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 40 note 1, thinks this adjacent to How Caple (2,14) and cites a spelling }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Capulfford }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 1420 in an }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Inquisition Post Mortem}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  relating to Foy; on this construction we have a place or two places }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Capele }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
('chapel', either Old French or Welsh) whose manorial parts or separate identities are distinguished by the affixed personal name }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Hugh }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and the place-name element }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 ford}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 The 'Greytree' hundred head at 2,15 leaves little doubt that the place is Brockhampton parish rather than Brockington in Norton near Bromyard (Bannister, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Place-Names of Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 30); the three Welsh hides point to the same
 conclusion. If the 'ford' was in the River Wye, then the land may have been a Welsh intrusion onto the English bank or an English extension into Archenfield.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 2,16\tab PRESTON [WYNNE].}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  Preston }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Inferior }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Superior }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Feudal Aids}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, ii. p. 390; see }{\i\insrsid7800816 Lay Subsidy Roll (1334)}{\insrsid7800816 , }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 p. 124.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 2,17\tab WITHINGTON.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  The Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 26) in a marginal note }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Canonicorum }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 attributes the 8 hides to the canons.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 1 MALE AND 2 FEMALE SLAVES. In the accusative case following }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 habent}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
like the villagers, smallholders and meadow; likewise the villagers and meadow in the following subtenancy of Withington.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab NUNS OF HEREFORD.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  Mr. Coplestone-Crow points out that their land was probably at Nunnington (SO5543).}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 2,18\tab ULLINGSWICK. The Bishop of Hereford holds }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Brig}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 e ('Bridge') and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Ulingwike }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in the Red Book of the Exchequer (Hall, p. 496).}{
\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 2,21\tab [BISHOPS] FROME. Its position athwart the border between "Plegelgete" and Radlow Hundreds identifies this }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Frome }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 as Bishops Frome. A further hide lies in "P
legelgete" Hundred at 10,67.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 6 PLOUGHS. In the manuscript }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 vi }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 has been corrected from }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 iii}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 2,22\tab 
'WHIPPINGTON'. A lost place, the name surviving in the Whippington Brook which separates the parishes of Staunton and English Bicknor; see }{\i\insrsid7800816 Place-Names of Gloucestershire}{\insrsid7800816 
, iii. p. 213, although the earliest form there cited is }{\i\insrsid7800816 Wybaltunesbroke }{\insrsid7800816 1282.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab \tab The identification of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 322, followed by }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
was with Whittington. As JSM pointed out in the Phillimore printed edition of Gloucestershire (note to E6 = HEF 2,22): ' Not 'Whittington' in Staunton, which is a mythical name'.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 2,23\tab 3 HEDGED ENCLOSURES. These were frequent in the west midland shires. From Old English (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 ge}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 haeg }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Latinized as }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
haia }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 'hedge' (compare Modern French }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 haie}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 );}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 a 'hay' or hedged enclosure into which game were driven for capture; see WOR 18,4 }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 haia in qua capiebantur ferae}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 . In Shropshire (SHR 4,8,10. 6,14) 'hays' are 'for capturing roe-deer': }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 capreolis capiendis}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 See Ellis, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 General Introduction to Domesday Book}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 114; Ducange, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Glossarium}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , under }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 haga}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ;}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  English Place-Name Elements}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. under (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 ge}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 haeg}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 haga}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 In Herefordshire, as well as in this example and in Upton Bishop in Bromsash Hundred (2,25) 'hays' are also found on the borders of Malvern Chase at Eastnor (2,
27), Cradley (2,30) and Colwall (2,31). There is also a group in Elsdon Hundred and "Hezetre" Hundred at Downton-on-the Rock (9,2), Rushock (14,7), Titley (24,6), 'Bernaldeston' (29,16) and "Mateurdin"}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (31,1).
}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 2,26\tab 1 BOOR. In the manuscript }{\i\f720\cf1\insrsid7800816 un' bur\'fb}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ;}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Farley misprinted }{\i\f720\cf1\insrsid7800816 unu' bur\'fb}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Un' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (a nunnation line over the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 n}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is a regular abbreviation in Domesday for the accusative }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
unum }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (see 1,2 smallholder note), but it is not clear why the accusative should be used here, as there is no verb (such as }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 habet}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
requiring it. The accusative also occurs without reason at 2,29.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 2,28\tab 'BAGBURROW'. Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Bageberge}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 It is unlikely to be Backbury (near Mordiford) tentatively identified by }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 322, followed by }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , since the latter is in 'Greytree' Hundred, whereas }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Bageberge }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
is listed in Domesday in a group of places in "Wimundestreu" Hundred. Just south-east of Mathon Court, Bagburrow Wood (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 grava de Baggebarwe }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 1275, cited in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Place-Names of Worcestershire}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 66, ex inf. John Freeman) is found on modern six-inch maps and on}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
the first edition Ordnance Survey map (sheet 55 of 1832, 1970 reprint sheet 50). John Freeman suggests that this is likely to be the modern representative of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Bageberge }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
('Bacga's barrow' or 'badger's hill' or 'barrow') from the Old English personal name }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Bacga }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 or from Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 bagga }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 'a badger', and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 beorg}
{\cf1\insrsid7800816 . For the implications for the boundary of Mathon, see 10,39 Mathon note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 2,29\tab A PRIEST ... HAS 1 PLOUGH. There is an erasure of about 9 letters' width after }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 car'}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 T
he resulting space was probably not intended to be filled later, but is the space very commonly left before the value of a manor is given.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 2,30\tab 6 BOORS. In the manuscript }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 vi }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 corrected from }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 v}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 28 PLOUGHS. In the manuscript }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 xxviii:}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 . Farley did not print the larger dot above the usual dot after a number.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 2,31\tab THORMOTH.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  Old Norse }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Thormothr}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Old Danish }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Thormoth}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Middle English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Thormod}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 See von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid7800816 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{
\insrsid7800816 , }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 p. 395; Fellows-Jensen, }{\i\insrsid7800816 Scandinavian Personal Names}{\insrsid7800816 ,}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  under }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 thormothr}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ; Reaney, }{\i\insrsid7800816 
Dictionary of British Surnames}{\insrsid7800816 ,}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  p. 348 under }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Thurman}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 2,33\tab 6 VILLAGERS AND 5 SMALLHOLDERS. In the manuscript }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 vi uill'i }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 has been corrected either from}{\insrsid7800816  }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 iv }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 or }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 v}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ; }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 v bord' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 has also been corrected, perhaps from }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 ii}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 2,34\tab TUPSLEY. The Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 27), after the marginal place-name and hides, adds }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Epc'}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,'(belonging to) the bishop', here and in 2,35-38.}{
\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 2,35\tab SHELWICK.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  It belonged to the bishop according to the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 27); see 2,34 Tupsley note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 2,36\tab SHELWICK.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  It belonged to the bishop according to the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 27); see 2,34 Tupsley note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 2,37\tab SUGWAS. Now combined with the Domesday village of Stretton (10,24. 29,13) into the}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 parish of Stretton Sugwas. The 1 hide was perhaps at Breinton; see }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Feudal Aids}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , ii. p. 386.}{\cf1\striked1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab \tab Sugwas belonged to the bishop according to the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 27); see 2,34 Tupsley note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 2,38\tab WARHAM. It belonged to the bishop according to }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait,}{\insrsid7800816  p. 27); see 2,34 Tupsley note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 2,39\tab [CANON] PYON. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 The Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 27) has a marginal note }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 In Piona xii hid' Can' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (' In Pyon 12 hides [belonging to] the canons'),
}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 identifying Canon}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Pyon. See 2,13 canons note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 2,42\tab FROM THE BISHOP. In the manuscript and Farley }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 de ep'o}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ; the Ordnance Survey facsimile does not reproduce the nunnation mark over the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 p}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816  of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 epo}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 2,43\tab PIPE. Now combined with Lyde (2,44 and 10,25-26. 24,11) into the parish of Pipe and Lyde.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 1 PLOUGH THERE. The 'villagers' to work the plough appear to have been omitted (as also in 10,12), unless members of another village worked it (see 6,8).}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 2,44\tab LYDE. A number of holdings in the village have distinctive epithets in the feodaries; see 10,25 Lyde note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 2,45\tab NORTON [CANON]. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
The Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 28) has a marginal entry }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 In Nortona vi hid' Can' H'}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  ('6 hides in Norton belonging to the Canons of H[ereford]').}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 2,46\tab BISHOPSTONE. Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Malveshille}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  was tentatively identified with ?Mansell in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 324, and with Mansell Gamage and Mansell Lacy by }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday Gazetteer}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab \tab The name }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Malveshille}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  is}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 from Old English hypothetical }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 malu}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , genitive }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 malwes}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 related to Old Norse }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 mol }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('gravelly soil'), giving }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Malwes-hyll }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
('gravel or sand hill'); see Ekwall, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Dictionary of English Place-Names}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , under Mansell. It is an area name covering three holdings in Domesday, 
a total of 18 hides: Mansell [Gamage], 10,56; Mansell [Lacy], 31,4-5; and the present holding, the Bishop of Hereford's 'Mansell' said by a marginal entry in the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 28, see p. 90 note) to be }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Bissopestona}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 modern Bishopstone lying between and slightly to the south of Mansell Lacy and Mansell Gamage. In }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Feudal Aids}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 , ii. p. 376 (1303), }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Bysshoppeston }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is held by the Bishop of Hereford in Grimsworth Hundred into which Domesday "Stepleset" Hundred was incorporated.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 1 PLOUGH; ANOTHER IDLE. Compare 2,5 'the villagers have more ploughs than ploughable land'. For other examples of actual ploughs on the land exceeding the estimate, see CAM 26,18 and CAM 26,18 ploughs note, and DOR 56,20.}{
\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 2,47\tab \'bd HIDE WHICH PAYS TAX. Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 est geldans}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ; see 1,7 tax note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab VALUE ... 4s. In the manuscript the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 sol' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is written badly, over an erasure, and there is no dot after it, as though the scribe intended to add something later.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 

\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 2,48\tab BRIDGE [SOLLERS].}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
 The Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 29, see p. 91 note) has a marginal entry }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 In Bruge v. hid' H. de Solers}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ;}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 see }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Feudal Aids
}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , ii. p. 376.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 2,49\tab 
BROMYARD. The Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 29) has a marginal entry }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 In Bromiarde xxx hid' Ep'c}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 denoting a holding of the bish
op. The 30 hides probably contained Upper Sapey (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Feudal Aids}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , ii. p. 378) at SO6863, and Whitbourne (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Feudal Aids}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, ii. p. 384) at SO7256, as well as Stanford Bishop (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Feudal Aids}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , ii. p. 384; see 1,9 Stanford note) and possibly Grendon Bishop (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Feudal Aids}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i
i. p. 384; see 10,72 Grendon note).}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 2,50\tab THAT MENTIONED ABOVE. Bridge Sollers was noted at 2,48.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 2,51\tab IN 'WOLFHAY' HUNDRED. Farley omitted the abbreviation line over the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 D }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 HD }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (= }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Hundredum}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in error; it is in the manuscript.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab LITTLE HEREFORD. Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Lutelonhereford}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , a rare example of a distinguishing adjective with a Domesday place-name. The Bishop of Hereford holds }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
parva Herefordia }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in the Red Book of the Exchequer (Hall, p. 496).}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 2,52\tab "WINETUNE".}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 The form given by the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 30) is }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Winestone}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 This place is identified by }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 324, and by Bannister, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Place-Names of Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, p. 208, as Winnington, a place not included on the map in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. (facing p. 309) and not so far found in
 the county by the present editors; this identification, although accepted without comment by the editors of the Herefordshire Domesday, may well be an extrapolation by Duncumb, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 History of Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, i. p. 64, of the Domesday form. }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  leaves the place unidentified. It appears to be in 'Wolfhay' Hundred (heading at 2,51) and should be derived from the Old English personal name }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Wine }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (genitive singular }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Wines}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ),}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 which is a different name from Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Wynna }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 (genitive singular }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Wynnan}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ),}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 the first element of Woonton in Almeley (Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Wennetune }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
1,70 and 10,45 in Elsdon Hundred) and of Woonton in Laysters in 'Wolfhay' Hundred which is }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Wenetune }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in 10,12 (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Woneton}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Feudal Aids}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 , ii. p. 385 (1316); }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Wynetun' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in }{\i\insrsid7800816 Lay Subsidy Roll (1334)}{\insrsid7800816 ,}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  p. 130); see Ekwall, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Dictionary of English Place-Names}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , under Woonton. Despite this formal difference, it is tempting to take }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Winetune}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
an otherwise unidentified place in 'Wolfhay' Hundred, as standing for Woonton in the same hundred. Von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid7800816 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid7800816 , }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 p. 428 under }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Wyn}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 n}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 -i}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 alleges Domesday spellings }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Win-}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Wine-}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Wen-}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Wene-}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ;}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
moreover, in the charter of Richard, Bishop of Hereford, enumerating the lands of Leominster Church possessed by Reading Abbey (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Monasticon Anglicanum}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , iv. p. 56; see 1,10a Leominster note) are }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Lunthelega}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Chinardeslega}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Winnetone}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 two places called }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Sernesfelda }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and one called }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Titellega}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
These places are Luntley, Kinnersley, Sarnesfield and Titley lying in a geographically compact group west of Leominster, and it is difficult to avoid concluding that }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Winnetone }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
represents Woonton in Almeley. It is possible that the same spelling was sometimes applied to Woonton in Laysters. The problem requires further investigation.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab \'bd HIDE [***]. See 1,9 hides note.}{
\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 2,54\tab IN STRADEL HUNDRED. On the name, see \{
Introduction: Hundreds\}.The term 'hundred' is not strictly appropriate as the valley contained only 56 hides (25,7 hides note) many of them waste. The scribe seems to have been uncertain of the correct designation 
of the area; at 10,16 and 14,6 the heading 'In the Straddle Valley' is incorporated in the text; see 10,16 valley note and 14,6 valley note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab `MOOR'. }{\i\insrsid7800816 Domesday Gazetteer }{\insrsid7800816 has (The) Moor. }{\i\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 324, has Moore (near Hereford). It is no longer the name of a settlement.}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 2,57\tab AROUND THE TOWN OF HEREFORD. The word }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 portam }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is more likely a Latinization of Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 port}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  than from Latin }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 porta }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('a gate'); see C1 city note and 2,1 town note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab A MAN-AT-ARMS [HOLDS] 1 HIDE. This is written over an erasure, perhaps later, hence the cramped style, which is not visible from Farley.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 300 HIDES. The hides accounted for so far in the chapter amount to 297 \'bd
. With the 1 hide 1 virgate of 2,58 the total becomes 298 hides 3 virgates. Allowing for the fact that a few entries may need correction, this is close to the total of 300 hides. The 33 hides for which no account has been given are therefore additional. T
h
e lands mentioned in 2,57 must have been of some considerable extent in view of the other details. Worcester Church holds a round 300 hides in its Hundred of Oswaldslow in Domesday (WOR 2). The original grant to Pershore Church (WOR 9) was of the same ext
ent.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 2,58\tab ST PETER'S OF HEREFORD. A pre-conquest college of prebendaries in Hereford. Walter of Lacy (1,5 Walter note) was its great benefactor; see HEF 6 St Guthlac's note. Other of his gifts to St Peter's are in 10,5;37;48;75.}{
\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab [PRIORS] FROME. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 In }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 801, 1 hide is held by the prior of Hereford in 'Greytree'}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Hundred, though it is said to have been given to the church by one }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Wige}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab YOUNG EDWY. Domesday }{\i\insrsid7800816 Eduuj cilt}{\insrsid7800816 . }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 The man also occurs as }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Edwi Chid }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Edwi Cilt}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
 in different versions of this entry in the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 30). Alwin is said to be}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
son of Edwy at 10,15 and of Young Edwy in 10,70. Other references to plain 'Edwy', especially as a predecessor of Roger of Lacy (HEF 10) may be to Young Edwy. }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Cilt }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is from Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
cild }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('childe', 'born to}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 an inheritance', 'well-born', 'a young nobleman'); see Tengvik, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Old English Bynames}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 244.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab \tab }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 In the manuscript }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Eduuj }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is cramped and runs into }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 cilt}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
as it is written over an erasure of a smaller}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 word or words.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 3\tab THIS CHAPTER and the one following (HEF 4) are compressed and were no doubt added later, the space initially left}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 for them proving insufficient.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab THE CHURCH OF CORMEILLES. This Benedictine Abbey, near Pont L'Ev\'eaque in the d\'e9partement of Eure, France, was founded }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 c}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .
 1060 by Earl William (1,3 time note) who was buried there in 1071. He is stated in 1,39-40 to have granted land, churches and tithes to Cormeilles from the royal land over which he had presided as 'palatine' earl; he was probably also responsible for sim
ilar holdings of the abbey mentioned in 1,1-3;6-9;47.10,50. See }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Monasticon Anglicanum}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , vi. pp. 1075-76.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 3,1\tab KINGSTONE.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  See 1,1 Cormeilles note. GLS 1,11 records that this land was with\-drawn from the manor of Westbury(-on-Severn) in Gloucestershire. For the church's holding, see }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Monasticon Anglicanum}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , vi. pp. 1075-76.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab WHO LIVE THERE. The phrase }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 q' ibi manent }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 was squeezed in as an afterthought, to give a human subject to }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 conueniunt}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 the subject having previously been the 2 hides in the line above; see 1,72 came note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab COME TO PLEAS. That is, attend the hundred court, see 1,72 came note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 4\tab THIS CHAPTER appears to be a later addition; see HEF 3 chapter note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab [LAND] OF THE CHURCH OF LYRE. }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Terra }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is omitted from the heading through lack of space (see HEF 3 chapter note). The Abbey at La Vieille-Lyre in the d\'e9
partement of Eure, France, was founded in 1046 by Earl William; see 1,3 time note. The church also held the tithe, a villager and \'bd virga
te of land in Queenhill (1,45) and the church and priest as well as land for 1 plough in 'Westwood' (1,62), both probably grants of Earl William.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 4,1\tab [MUCH] MARCLE.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  Much Marcle and Little Marcle are in different Domesday hundreds, so the hundred head can only be supplied when the place is identified. The Priory of Lyre holds the church of }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Magna Marcle }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Taxatio Ecclesiastica}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 161a.}{\insrsid7800816 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab \tab }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 325, tentatively identified ?Little Marcle; }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  has Much Marcle.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab [VALUE ***]. De
tails of the manor and its value are omitted. The entry should perhaps have been included in 1,7 in the same way that grants of land to the Church of Cormeilles from royal manors are included under these manors (see HEF 3 Cormeilles note).}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 5\tab ST PETER'S OF GLOUCESTER. That is, Gloucester Abbey.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 5,1\tab BRAMPTON [ABBOTTS].}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  In }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 801, 1 hide is held by Gloucester Abbey at }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Bromtun' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
in the later 'Greytree' Hundred that absorbed Bromsash Hundred; see also }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Feudal Aids}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , ii. p. 383.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 5,2\tab THIS ENTRY has been added later by the scribe and is compressed.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab LEA BY GIFT OF WALTER OF LACY. Walter of Lacy was buried at St Peter's, Gloucester, of which his son Walter was to become abbot in 1130.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 6\tab ST GUTHLAC'S. A pre-Conquest foundation lying at first in the castle a
t Hereford. Some time in the twelfth century, certainly by 1139-1148, but possibly earlier, it was united with the Church of St Peter (founded under William I by Walter of Lacy; see 1,5 Walter note) which lay in the market-place at Hereford, and a new joi
nt church called after Saints Peter, Paul and Guthlac was built outside the city. St Peter's had become a dependency of Gloucester Abbey in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 c}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
. l100 (see 10,5 Walter note) and St Guthlac's had the same status after the merger. See Bannister, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Memorials of Old Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , pp. 118-19; }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Gloucestershire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, ii. p. 54; Knowles and Hadcock, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Medieval Religious Houses}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 68. In the Gloucester Cartulary (Hart,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
ii. p. 65) the joint name of the church appears to be in use by 1109-1114. The church appeared to be havin
g difficulty in retaining its lands at the time of the Domesday Survey. As in Worcestershire lands had been lost to Nigel the doctor (7,1;5;7); Maund (14,2) was in the hands of William of Ecouis; and Pembridge (19,8) was held by Alfred of Marlborough. Dor
mington (6,2), although listed in its fief, seems to have been alienated. A cartulary of the church is found in Oxford, Balliol College, MS 271, and is described by Mynors, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Manuscripts of Balliol College}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, pp. 286-88. See also Davis, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Medieval Cartularies}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 55 no. 484.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 6,1\tab BRAMPTON [ABBOTTS].}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, i. p. 325, suggested Brampton in Madley. However, the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 31, see p. 91 note) has a marginal entry, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Gadelesford'}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
in a later hand, the name being found in a later hidage schedule bound up with the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 79) as }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Gedesford}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
. This suggests that part or all of the 1 hide was at Gatsford (SO6126), adjacent to Brampton Abbots; see 1,1 William note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab WASTE. HOWEVER IT PAYS. Wast
e land has a value on several occasions in Domesday Herefordshire; see also 6,10. 8,3. 20,2. 29,10. 34,2 and compare 2,23 and 29,2. Apparently not all of the holding was waste, some population and resources being mentioned. There are also several examples
 in Worcestershire of waste land with a value; see WOR 8,8 waste note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 6,2\tab THE CHURCH ITSELF HELD. }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Tenuit }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('held')}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 if not an error for }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 tenet }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
('holds') suggests that the church has lost the land to the current holder, Walter. The usual formula for a normal tenancy is seen in 6,8 'The Church holds Almeley. Roger of Lacy holds from it'.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab "AESTAN"}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 . The Domesday form is }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Aestanus}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ; see von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid7800816 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid7800816 ,}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 p. 182.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 6,3\tab HINTON. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Identified by }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 325, and by }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
 as Hinton in Peterchurch, in the Golden Valley. But in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Taxatio Ecclesiastica}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 170a, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Hyniton }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is coupled with }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Felton }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 (Felton, 6,6) which is in "Tornelaus" Hundred. The "Tornelaus" hundred head has thus been placed in error at the end of this entry rather than at the beginning, as happens elsewhere in Domesday.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 1 HIDE WHICH PAYS TAX [***]. See 1,9 hides note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 4 COTTAGERS. Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 cot' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 for }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 cotarii}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  who were}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 apparently similar to }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 cotmanni}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  cotmani }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (translated 'cottage-men') who appear in other counties. For an allied group }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 coscet }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (singular), }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 coscez }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 cozets }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (plural) in the south-western counties, see SOM 8,30 cottagers note and WIL M3 cottagers note. }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Cotarii }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 often occur in Domesday Wiltshire in the same entry as }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 coscez }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 suggesting a distinction; likewise }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 cotarii }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 are distinguished from }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 cotmanni }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in other documents, though in each case the distinction is obscure; see Maitland, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday Book and Beyond}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , pp. 39-40. Cottagers (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
cotarii}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 are rare in Herefordshire; see also 7,3. 8,8. 10,9. 14,2.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 6,5\tab THIS ENTRY is written below the bottom marginal ruling, some four letters into the central margin. The transposition signs level with the first lines of 6,6 and 6,5 appear as daggers on their sides in Farley's tex
t, not quite the same as the Greek letter upsilon written aslant in the manuscript. The "Tornelaus" hundred heading before 6,4 governs this displaced entry as well as 6,6.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab HOPE[-UNDER-DINMORE]. The identification is tentative. There is a Lower Hope in Ullingswick parish in "Tornelaus" Hundred (SO5850).}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab DOES NOT ... SLAVES. In the manuscript an ink blot, or perhaps a smudge from the blot mentioned in 6,10 pay note, partially covers }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 non }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 serui}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 6,7\tab MOCCAS. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 From Old Welsh }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Mochros }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('moor for swine'). For another part, formerly held by St Guthlac's, see 7,7.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 6,8\tab ANOTHER VILLAGE. A marginal note in the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 32, see p. 92 note) identifies this as }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Upcote i h'}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 The additional hide would make a 5-hide unit here. }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Upcote }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is now Upcott (SO3250) to the south-west of Almeley.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab THE VALUE of this holding may have been omitted, as on a number of other occasions (see 1,14 value note), or the payment by the villagers from outside may take the place of the value statement (as probabl
y in 1,57. 10,46. 25,4; see DOR 47,7 hides note), but see 1,23;26. 2,24-25.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 6,9\tab 'MIDDLEWOOD'. Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Mideurde }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (from Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 midel-worth}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 :}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
'middle estate' or 'manor'). }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 325, left this place unidentified. The Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 32, see p. 92 note) has }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Midewrde }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 in the text and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Midelwud' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('middle wood', Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 wudu}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
in the margin. Perhaps this indicates a degeneration of the estate. Rennell, 'Domesday Manors', p. 153, and Rennell, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Valley on the March}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 82, suggests Winforton Wood and it is so placed by }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  (SO2848), though there still called Middlewood; but the name survives on the six-inch Ordnance Survey map as Middlewood Covert in Winforton, south of Court Barn, just across the Riv
er Wye from the Middlewood in Clifford (25,5) with which it may in some way be connected.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 6,10\tab HAROLD <OF WHITNEY>. This holding is rem
ote from any other Harold except Harold son of Earl Ralph of Hereford who may be this tenant though there appear to be no associations to verify the identification. If not the son of the earl, this is likely to have been the only property of the tenant of
 Whitney (JP).}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab THEY PAY 6s. In the manuscript a large ink blot covers }
{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 solid'}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 but the word is visible underneath it.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 6,11\tab THIS ENTRY is written below the bottom marginal ruling, some four letters into the central margin and at the same time as 6,5 above it
. As it is in another hundred it would appear to be an addition to the end of St Guthlac's holding; it may be that the scribe intended to put transposition signs beside it and 6,10.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab "WESTELET".}{\i\insrsid7800816  }{\insrsid7800816 The place occurs as }{\i\insrsid7800816 Westeleg' }{\insrsid7800816 in the later hidage schedule in }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Galbraith and Tait, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Herefordshire Domesday}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\insrsid7800816  p. 79, but has not been identified. The name looks like Old English }{\i\insrsid7800816 weste-leah}{\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\insrsid7800816  }{\insrsid7800816 
the first element being the Old English adjective }{\i\insrsid7800816 weste}{\insrsid7800816  ('waste', 'desolate').}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 7\tab NIGEL THE DOCTOR. He was one of King William's doctors, and possibly also doctor to Earl}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Roger of Shrewsbury (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Monasticon Anglicanum}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, vi. p. 750, but see }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Shropshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 290). He also held land once belonging to St Guthlac's in WOR 12,1-2.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 7,1\tab LEOFFLED [* WIFE OF THORKIL *]. }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 The Domesday forms of this name - }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Leflet}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Leofleda}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Lefflet}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Lefled}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816  - represent Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Leoffl\'e6d}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, p. 311. JRM preferred the second element -fled}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 for the Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 -fl\'e6d}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  as it reflecte
d the Domesday forms. The Phillimore printed edition has Leofled; the Alecto edition has Leoffl\'e6d.}{\insrsid7800816 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab \tab }{\insrsid7800816 Thorkil White and his wife Leoffled are both named in two late Anglo-Saxon lawsuits (Sawyer, }{\i\insrsid7800816 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\insrsid7800816  }{\insrsid7800816 
nos. 1462, 1469) which refer to his mano
r of Wellington (29,11). Since Thorkil is named elsewhere as the predecessor of Hugh the ass (1,65) and the bulk of Hugh's fief came to him from a Leoffled and a Thorkil (named Thorkil White in several entries), there is little doubt as to the identify of
 
the Leoffled in those entries. She is very probably also the Leoffled whose manors provided half of the fief of Nigel the doctor in Herefordshire since these holdings are distributed around those acquired by Hugh the ass and the name Leoffled is an uncomm
on one. See also Clarke, }{\i\insrsid7800816 English Nobility}{\insrsid7800816 , pp. 345-46 (JP).}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 
MEADOW THERE. [***]. The extent is not given, the gap of about 9 letters' width left after it suggesting that the scribe intended to add the dimensions later, if available.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab AN OUTLIER. The berewick is named in the margin in the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 32, see p. 92 note) as }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Dormintona}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 now Dormington (SO5840).}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 7,2\tab 
LEOFFLED [* WIFE OF THORKIL *]. See 7,1 Leoffled note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 7,3\tab SUTTON. There were three estates here in 1086 (see al
so 7,4. 29,5) and there are now two parishes Sutton St Nicholas and Sutton St Michael, south of Marden. In Marden parish lies a Sutton Frene and in Sutton St Michael a Freen Court. These are named from }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 del Fresne}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 the family name of Walter of Moccas who later held some of Nigel's manors; see Galbraith and Tait, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Herefordshire Domesday}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, p. 92 note. The holdings thus probably extended beyond the two modern parishes. In }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 807, Hugh }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 de Fraxino }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (Old French }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Fresne}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 holds 2 hides in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Suttune }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Magene }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
(Sutton and Maund, see 7,5) from the honour of Kington.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 \tab LEOFFLED [* WIFE OF THORKIL *]. See 7,1 Leoffled note.}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 
MEADOW FOR THE OXEN. Meadow for the plough-oxen (see 1,50 oxen note), for pasture as well as to provide hay. Other similar entries are 7,4. 8,5. 10,9;27.14,2-3. In the manuscript }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 bob' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 written partially over an erasure and is compressed: the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 7}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 et}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ) after it has been squeezed in later.}{
\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab A MILL WHICH HUGH THE ASS HOLDS. Hugh holds another part of Sutton in 29,5.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab HUGH HELD THIS MANOR. Hugh the ass was apparently the successor of Leoffled (Old English feminine personal name }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Leoffl\'e6d}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
here as in 29,3-8;10;15, but Nigel the doctor seems to have taken this manor from him. Nigel also succeeded to some of Leoffled's lands. The gap after }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 tempore Willelmi }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
(see 7,3 time note) may have been left for the later inclusion of details of a dispute (if there was one) about the tenancy of Sutton.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab [* EARL *] WILLIAM'S}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  TIME [***]. In the manuscript the rest of the line is blank after }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 t'pr Will'i }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
which has no dot after it. It would seem that the scribe was unsure whether }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 regis }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 or }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 comitis }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 should be written after }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Will'i}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 The difference would be between}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 'the time of King William', that is, 'after 1066' and 'the time of Earl William', that is, 1067-1071. Though 
}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 t'pr Will'i regis }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (often abbreviated }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 T.R.W.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is a common phrase in Domesday, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 t'pr W. comitis 
}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 occurs in 1,3;72 and fits the context better; see 7,3 Hugh note. On Earl William's extra powers in Herefordshire, see 1,3 time note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 7,4\tab SUTTON.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  See 7,3 Sutton note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab SPIRTES THE PRIEST. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 A wealthy churchman who had held a total of nearly 80 hides in Somerset, Hampshire, Wiltshire, Shropshire and Herefordshire. According to Hemming (Hearne, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Hemingi Chartularium}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 254; see 'Worcester G 8' in WOR \{Appendix\}), he was a favourite of King Cnut's sons Harold and Harthacnut but he was banished by King Edward; see SHR 3d,7. He is}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
described as one of twelve canons of St Mary's, Bromfield, who alone held in 1066 ten out of the 20 hides in Bromfield in Shropshire (SHR 3d,7). He was Nigel's predecessor in several of the latter's holdings.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab THEY ARE IN LORDSHIP. That is, the 2 ploughs; this is the only occurrence of this formula in Domesday Herefordshire, although it occurs regularly elsewhere, for example, in SOM 21,8. 45,1. 46,9.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 7,5\tab MAUND. Originally a regional name, from Old Welsh }{\i\insrsid7800816 maen }{\insrsid7800816 ('stone'), perhaps in an archaic sense 'plain' here. The inhabitants are called }{\i\insrsid7800816 Magesaete }{\insrsid7800816 
in 1016 (Anglo-Saxon Chronicle) and the area }{\i\insrsid7800816 Magonsetum }{\insrsid7800816 and }{\i\insrsid7800816 Magesaetna }{\insrsid7800816 in Saxon charters, the termination being Old English }{\i\insrsid7800816 s\'e6te }{\insrsid7800816 
('inhabitants'); compare the county names Somerset and Dorset. This interesting name is discussed in Gelling, }{\i\insrsid7800816 Signposts to the Past}{\insrsid7800816 , pp. 101-105; see also Ekwall, }{\i\insrsid7800816 Dictionary of English Place-Names}
{\insrsid7800816 , under Maun
d. Maund Bryan, Whitechurch Maund and Rosemaund survive on modern maps and other divisions are found in the feodaries: see 10,6 Maund note and 14,2 Maund note. It has not proved possible to identify this holding more precisely.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 \tab LEOFFLED [* WIFE OF THORKIL *]. See 7,1 Leoffled note.}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 2 HIDES WHICH PAY TAX. [***]. See 1,9 hides note}{
\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab NOW 30[s]. In the manuscript }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 solid'}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  is}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 omitted in error (as also at 14,10), not through lack of space; see 1,28 now note.}{
\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 7,6\tab SPIRTES [* THE PRIEST *]. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Spirtes was Nigel's prede
cessor in several of the latter's holdings in Herefordshire, Wiltshire, Hampshire and Somerset. He was a wealthy churchman who had held a total of nearly 80 hides in Somerset, Hampshire, Wiltshire, Shropshire and Herefordshire. According to Hemming (Hearn
e, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Hemingi Chartularium}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 254; see 'Worcester G8' in WOR \{Appendix\}), he was a favourite of King Cnut's sons Harold and Harthacnut but he was banished by King Edward; see SHR 3d,7. He is}{\insrsid7800816  
}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 described as one of twelve canons of St Mary's, Bromfield, who alone held in 1066 ten out of the 20 hides in Bromfield in Shropshire (SHR 3d,7).}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 7,7\tab 
MOCCAS. The Dinedor hundred head is probably an error. At 6,7 Moccas is said to be in Stretford Hundred. It is close to the boundary with "Stepleset" Hundred, but not with Dinedor, unless a detached portion is implied.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 \tab ANSFRID [* OF CORMEILLES *]. Note to be supplied (JP).}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 7,8\tab [LITTLE] COWARNE. Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Colgre}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 . It was tentatively identified by }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 326, with Cold Green in Bosbury. }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Colgre}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
 lay in "Plegelgete" Hundred in 1086. A marginal note in the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 34, see p. 93 note) reads }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Parva Cour'}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 807, also places these 3 hides at Little Cowarne. Land in Cowarne (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Cogre}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
had formerly belonged to Worcester Church, see 10,5 Ocle note. (Great) Cowarne was in Radlow Hundred (19,10 Cowarne note).}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab \tab JMcND observes that Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Colgre }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 cannot represent the place-name }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Cowarne }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (see 
19,10 Cowarne note) even if there is other evidence for the identification of the place with Little Cowarne; and that, without further spellings it is hard to explain }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Colgre}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
: the first element could be Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 col }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('charcoal'), }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 col }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('cool'), }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 cole }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('a hollow') or }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 cu }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('a cow'), and the second element could be Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 gred}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  ('pasture') or }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 grene }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
('a green', 'a piece of grassland').}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 \tab SPIRTES [* THE PRIEST *]. See 7,6 Spirtes note.}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 7,9\tab SPIRTES [* THE PRIEST *]. See 7,6 Spirtes note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab FOLLOWING THIS ENTRY, 
in the bottom left-hand corner of this folio, below the last marginal ruling, is written }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 STE PLESHET}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 STE }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
being above and slightly to the left of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 PLESHET}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in a}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
contemporary hand and in a mixture of capital and large lower-case letters. Farley did not reproduce it. It would appear to be }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Stepleshet}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, that is,"Stepleset" (Hundred), and may have been a note by the scribe to remind himself to insert holdings of Nigel in that hundred (if they existed) in the space he had left at the end of chapter 7.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 8\tab RALPH O
F TOSNY. Ralph III, also called Ralph of Conches, was brother-in-law of Earl William son of Osbern. He was lord of Clifford Castle, his chief seat being at Flamstead in Hertfordshire. He died some time before March 1102. See Douglas, }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 William the Conqueror}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,
 pp. 85-86. His father was Roger of Conches, founder of the Abbey of Saint-Pierre of Castellion in Conches to which Ralph granted Monkland (8,2; see 8,2 Monkland note). Ralph also bestowed land on the Abbey of Saint-Evroult. His lands later form the honou
r of Clifford. Tosny and Conches-en-Ouche are in the d\'e9partement of Eure, France. Tosny occurs in the forms of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Todeni}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Thoney}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Toney }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 in later documents.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 8,1\tab CASTLE OF CLIFFORD ... CASTLERY. See \{Introduction: Castles\}.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab EARL WILLIAM. See 1,3 time note and \{Introduction: The Welsh Border: History\}.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab WASTE LAND. Presumably it had been a part of the Golden Valley 'Hundred' before the}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 castle was built.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab LAND THERE FOR 3 PLOUGHS. That is, 3 carucates; see 1,3 land note and 1,48 carucates note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab AND THE PLOUGH [***]. Possibly that mentioned above, but }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 car' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 can abbreviate both }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 carruca}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
carucata}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 The entry appears to be unfinished since in the manuscript there is a gap of about 3}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 letters' width after }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 car'}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 which does not have a dot after it, and before the side marginal}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ruling. Since a plough would not usually be 'farmed' (see 1,1 revenue note), but a
}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ploughland would be, it is possible that }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 carucata terrae }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is meant here, although the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 terrae}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
has been omitted.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab ROGER HOLDS LAND FOR 4 PLOUGHS. Probably Roger of Lacy who holds 4 carucates}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 here in 10,3, although these carucates were and are waste.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab DROGO. Drogo son of Poyntz: }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 278.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 6 MALE ... SLAVES. In the manuscript the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 vi }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 has probably been corrected from }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 iiii}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 3 MEASURES OF CORN. The }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 modius }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 was a liquid and dry measure of uncertain size, possibly a bushel, of which the sester (A6 sester note) was a fraction.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 8,2\tab MONKLAND. Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Leine}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 originally a district name, see 1,5 Kingsland no
te. The Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 34, see p. 94 note) has a marginal entry }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Monecheslene v h' d' Castellion}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 In }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 804, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Munekelane}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 4 hides, is held by the Abbey of Conches from (the honour of) }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Thoney}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 ; see }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Feudal Aids}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , ii. p. 387. For the grant}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (1174-1186) of Monkland to Saint-Pierre of Castellion at Conches (see HEF 8 Ralph note), see Round }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Calendar of Documents}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  France}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , pp. 138-39 no. 416, which includes the tithes of the demesne of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Chabbenour' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
(Chadnor: 8,5), the tithe of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Hide }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (Westhide: 8,8) and two-thirds of the tithe of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Edithestoc' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
(Stoke Edith: 8,10), as well as tithes in Gloucestershire (Bromsberrow) and Worcestershire (Worsley, Lindon) also held by Ralph.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab VALUE BEFORE 1066. In the manuscript }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 T.R.R. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in error for }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 T}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 R}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 E}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
.; also occurs elsewhere in Great Domesday (for example, SOM 25,6)..}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 8,5\tab A FURTHER. In the manuscript }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
adhuic }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is written}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in error for }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 adhuc}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 the usual word in this phrase, which Farley prints.}{
\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab THE THIRD PART OF 1 HIDE. See 10,52 parts note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 8,6\tab MONNINGTON[-ON-WYE].}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  Distinct from Monnington [Stradel] in the Golden Valley. In }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, p. 802, it is held in Grimsworth Hundred (a later amalgamation of "Cutestornes" Hundred and "Stepleset" Hundred) of the honour of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Thony}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab ROGER.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  Roger of Mussegros; a descendant of his, Walter, held Monnington and Winforton from Roger }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 de Tony }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 by service of one knight's fee: }{\i\insrsid7800816 
Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , 49 Henry III, no. 606, p. 193.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 8,7\tab IN THE RIVER. Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 in aqua }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 literally 'in the water'. The River Wye flows just to the east of the modern village.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 8,8\tab WESTHIDE. In the manuscript }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 STOCHES }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is underlined for deletion and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 HIDE }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
interlined above it. As rubrication normally takes place after a county is complete, and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 STOCHES }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 but not }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 HIDE }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is rubricated, it would s
eem that the correction was a late one, or possibly that the rubricator failed to see the correction. The Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 36, see p. 94 note) has a marginal note }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Hida }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ...}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Walteri }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 which enables other parts of Westhide (29,4 unnamed and 29,15 "Lincumbe",}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
as well as 10,35) to be identified. Part of the Domesday land was in Radlow Hundred, part in "Tornelaus" Hundred. The tithes of this land were granted to the Abbey of Conches by Ralph of Tosny (see HEF 8 Ralph note). In }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of 
Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 809, 2 hides are held at Westhide from the honour of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Thony}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 4 COTTAGERS. See 6,3 cottagers note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 8,9\tab IN RADLOW HUNDRED. The hundred head has, unusually, been incorporated in the entry. It is rubricated like the other hundred heads.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab IT IS CALLED ASHPERTON. Probably added later, though neatly, the last letters of the name and the interlineation being written in the central margin.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 8,10\tab STOKE [EDITH]. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Stoches}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ;}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 the modern name derives from the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 T}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .
}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 R}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 E}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 . holder. The Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 36) has a marginal }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Edithe Stoka}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 In }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 809, 2 hides are held here of the honour of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Thony}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 9\tab RALPH OF MORTIMER. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Son of Roger of Mortimer, from Mortemer in the d\'e9partement of}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Seine-Maritime in France; see Tengvik, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Old English Bynames}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 , pp. 101-102. Ralph received a number of estates forfeited by Roger son of Earl William on his rebellion in 1074, including Wigmore Castle (9,1) which became his seat. His lands formed the later honour of Wigmore.}{\insrsid5851405 

\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 9,1\tab WIGMORE CASTLE. See \{Introduction: Castles\}.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab "MERESTUN".}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 See 1,19 Wigmore note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab GUNFRID. Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Gunuert}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 From Old Scandinavian }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Gunfr\'f8thr}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ;}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 see von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid7800816 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid7800816 , }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 p. 277; Fellows-Jensen, }{\i\insrsid7800816 Scandinavian Personal Names}{\insrsid7800816 ,}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816  p. 114.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 9,2\tab OIDELARD [* THE STEWARD *]. The Domesday forms of this 1086 tenant are }{\i\insrsid7800816 Oilard}{\insrsid7800816 [}{\i\insrsid7800816 us}{\insrsid7800816 ] in Huntingdonshire, }{\i\insrsid7800816 Oidelard}{\insrsid7800816 [}{
\i\insrsid7800816 us}{\insrsid7800816 ] in other counties, and are accepted by Forssner, }{\i\insrsid7800816 Continental-Germanic Personal Names in England}{\insrsid7800816 , p. 195, as representing Old German }{\i\insrsid7800816 Odalhard}{
\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\insrsid7800816  Odel}{\insrsid7800816 (}{\i\insrsid7800816 h}{\insrsid7800816 )}{\i\insrsid7800816 ard}{\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\insrsid7800816  Odilard }{\insrsid7800816 
etc. with loss of the dental in the Huntingdonshire form. However, an Old French form, not given by him, is more likely; the Domesday forms suggest it was }{\i\insrsid7800816 Oidelard}{\insrsid7800816 
, with characteristic Old French differentiation of the initial long vow
el. In the Phillimore printed edition the forms Odelard and Odilard appear and these have now been standardized as Oidelard. The Alecto edition has Oilard for the Huntingdonshire tenants and Oidelard for the rest.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab \tab Oidelard was a tenant of Ralph of Mortimer in Shropshire, Herefordshire, Wiltshire and elsewhere, including Buckton (SHR 6,21) and Tockenham (WIL 41,2). He was perhaps his steward: Keats-Rohan, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Domesday People}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 312.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab "TURSTIN" OF FLANDERS. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Also known as "Turstin" of Wigmore (19,10); see 19,6 daughter note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 9,3\tab EDRIC THE WILD. }{\i\insrsid7800816 Saluage }{\insrsid7800816 interlined (Farley misprinted }{\i\insrsid7800816 Salvage}{\insrsid7800816 ),}{\i\insrsid7800816  }{\insrsid7800816 from Old French }{\i\insrsid7800816 salvage}{
\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\insrsid7800816  }{\insrsid7800816 Modern French }{\i\insrsid7800816 sauvage }{\insrsid7800816 ('wild', 'untamed') from Late Latin }{\i\insrsid7800816 salvaticus}{\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\insrsid7800816  }{\insrsid7800816 
Classical Latin }{\i\insrsid7800816 silvaticus }{\insrsid7800816 from }{\i\insrsid7800816 silva }{\insrsid7800816 ('wood'). His byname is rendered as }{\i\insrsid7800816 Guilda}{\insrsid7800816  (a Norman-French spelling of 'Wild') in Orderic Vitalis, }{
\i\insrsid7800816 Ecclesiastical History}{\insrsid7800816 , and is also glossed by him as }{\i\insrsid7800816 Guilda}{\insrsid7800816 , }{\i\insrsid7800816 id est silvaticus}{\insrsid7800816 ); see Orderic Vitalis, }{\i\insrsid7800816 
Ecclesiastical History }{\insrsid7800816 (Chibnall, ii. pp. 194-95, 228). He was nephew of Edric Streona (ealdo
rman of the Mercians, died 1017). He held lands in Herefordshire and Shropshire under Edward the Confessor. Though he acknowledged William as king in 1066, he joined King Bleddyn and King Rhiwallon of Gwynedd and Powys in devastating Herefordshire in 1067
; he also burnt Shrewsbury in 1069; see \{Introduction: The Welsh Border: History\}. He submitted to King William in 1070 when he is described as }{\i\insrsid7800816 vir strenuissimus Edricus cognomento Silvaticus}{\insrsid7800816 
 ('the most valiant Edric, called }{\i\insrsid7800816 Silvaticus}{\insrsid7800816 '): John of Worcester, }{\i\insrsid7800816 Chronicle}{\insrsid7800816  (McGurk, iii. pp. 14-15).}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 9,4\tab ASTON.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Hesintune}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 . The Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 37, see p. 95 note) has }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Hesintone }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
with an explanation }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 id est Asciston}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  in the margin. JMcND observes: 'Domesday and the Herefordshire Domesday represent hypothetical Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Escingtun }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
('estate called after the ash-tree(s)'), from Old English Mercian }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 esc}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ;}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 the gloss with }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Ascis- }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
(genitive singular of standard Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 \'e6sc}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 bears evidence of interchange between the characteristic -}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 ing}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
- and genitival compositions of place-names'.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 9,5\tab WOODLAND, 2 FURLONGS. Used here as a square measure, a furlong by a furlong; see 1,10a woodland note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 9,6\tab LEINTHALL. Ralph of Mortimer holds 8 hides in Leinthall, as part of Leominster (1,10c).}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 9,7\tab LEINTHALL. See 9,6 Leinthall note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab MILL AT 30s. In the manuscript }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 xxx }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 has been altered from }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 xx}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 with }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
ta }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 for }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 triginta }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 interlined to clarify the correction.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 9,8\tab LYE. The land appears to have been at Lower Lye, since }{\i\insrsid7800816 Netherlege }{\insrsid7800816 is held of the honour of Wigmore in }{\i\insrsid7800816 Feudal Aids}{\insrsid7800816 , ii. p. 377; see }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait,}{\insrsid7800816  p. 38, see p. 95 note); and 1,10c Lye note. Another part of Lye, also held by Ralph, was in Shropshire in 1086 (SHR 6,16).}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 9,10\tab EDITH HELD IT. [***]. There is a neat erasure in the manuscript after }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 tenuit}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
extending almost to the end of the line; either the erasure was done after the next line was written or the scribe intended to add something here later, as erasures are generally written over.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab WOODLAND. }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Siluae}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 genitive; in the manuscript the squiggle denoting an }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 e }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 was added to the 
}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 a }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 siluae }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 later in slightly paler ink; see also in a similar phrase in 27,1.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 9,11\tab STAUNTON[-ON-ARROW]. 2 hides are held from the honour of Wigmore in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 803, in the late
r Stretford Hundred which included a number of places counted by Domesday in "Hezetre" Hundred.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 9,12\tab 3 [MEN?]. Some such noun as}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  homines }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('men') or }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 uillani }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('villagers') is omitted before }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 habentes}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 9,13\tab HARPTON. Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Ortune}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , identified by }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 328, tentatively with ?Orleton, and by }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Domesday Gazetteer }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 with Harpton.}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 However, Harpton has been identified with two Domesday entries. This entry for }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Ortune }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 which is}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Hortona }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 38) marginal, is a straightforward representation of the common place-name }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Horton}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Hor}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 e}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 tun }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 from }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 horh}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  horu }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('filth', 'shit', 'slime') and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 tun }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('farmstead, village, estate'). At 24,3, Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Hertune }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 (represented by}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Hortona }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 65) marginal) is perhaps a scribal error for }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Hortune}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 but more likely a name-change from Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Hertune }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (which is Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 hearra}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  hierra}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  herra }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 meaning}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 'higher', perhaps 'Higher Harpton') to }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Hortune}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 Ekwall, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Dictionary of English Place-Names}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , notes Harpton as }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Herton }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 1308 in }{\i\insrsid7800816 Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 , so the original }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Her- }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 form persisted alongside the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Hor- }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
form for some time before 'Horton' prevailed over 'Herton'; but there is, as yet, no evidence of the epoch at which 'Horton' in its turn was overtaken by 'Harpton', see 24,3 Lower note. Harpton is now in Wales, Lower Harpton remains in Herefordshire.}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab MIDDLETON ... WESTON. Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Mildetune }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is identified by }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  (following }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 328) with Milton in Pembridge and Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Westune }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 likewise}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
as Weston in Pembridge. Milton in Pembridge is included in Domesday at 24,1, but both the places mentioned here are specifically said to be 'In the Welsh March'. They are likely to be on or b
eyond the boundary of modern Herefordshire and adjacent to those Welsh March places (see \{Introduction: The Welsh Border: Political Geography\}
) that have been positively identified. Weston is here tentatively identified with Lower Weston and Upper Weston t
o the west of Pilleth. A Vron Weston is found here on the First Edition Ordnance Survey map of 1833 (sheet no. 56 reprinted in 1970 as sheet no. 49). Weston was formerly an important settlement, Weston Hall featuring on Saxton's map (1578) of Radnorshire.
 }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Mildetune }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is probably now represented by Middleton Barn south of Lower Harpton; metathesis of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 dl }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 midle- }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
occurs in other place-names.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab IN THE WELSH MARCH. Here and at 24,3 the manors lying on the Welsh border are apparently a part of "Hezetre" Hundred; see \{Introduction: The Welsh Border: Political Geography\}. Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 marcha }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 represents Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 mearc }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('boundary', border').}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 9,14\tab GRUFFYDD [* BOY *]'S MANOR OF LYE. See 31,7.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab \tab }{\insrsid7800816 Note to be supplied (JP).}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 9,15\tab KINNERSLEY. Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Elburgelega }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 was left unidentified by}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, i. p. 328. However, the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 39, see p. 95 note) changes the name to }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Edburgelega }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 by a marginal entry in red. This latter is annotated in black }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Kinardesleg' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 thus identifying the place. In both place-names the common element is Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 leah }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
('open woodland', 'settlement in a woodland setting'); the first element, a personal name, changes from Old English feminine }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Ethelburg }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (Domesday) to Old English feminine }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Eadburg }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 to Old English masculine }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Cyneheard}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 The ladies' names may be kin-related, by alliteration and common element }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 -burg}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 In }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 803, 1 hide is held in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Kynardesle }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 from the honour of Wigmore; see also }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Feudal Aids}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , ii. p. 377.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 \tab 
RICHARD <OF BRAMPTON>. A Richard was Ralph of Mortimer's subtenant in Shropshire; see SHR 6,23 Richard note. Richard is a very common name and there seems to be no evidence that his subtenant here and in 9,16-17 was the same individual. Keats-Rohan, }{
\i\insrsid7800816 Domesday People}{\insrsid7800816 , p. 368, does not include references corresponding to this Richard in her account of the tenant of Roger (}{\i\insrsid7800816 sic}{\insrsid7800816 ) of Mortimer.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 9,16\tab RICHARD <OF BRAMPTON>. See 9,15 Richard note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 \tab RUILLIC. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Probably an old Welsh name; see von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid7800816 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid7800816 , }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 p. 350.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 9,17\tab RICHARD <OF BRAMPTON>. See 9,15 Richard note.}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 9,18\tab 
WOLFERLOW. The Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 39, see p. 95 note) in a marginal entry specifies }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Underlide}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 now Upper and Lower Underley (SO6562,
 SO6561); see 10,66 Wolferlow note. In }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 806, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Hunderlithe Walteri }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is held from the Abbot of Wigmore.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 9,19\tab ORLETON. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 See 12,2 castle note. In }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 810, 4 hides at }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Alretun' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 are held from the honour of Wigmore.}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 10\tab ROGER OF LACY. Son of Walter of Lacy (from Lassy in the d\'e9partement of Calvados, France) who died in 1085 (see 1,5 Walter note) and Ermelina (Emma). His extensive fief with land at Ewias Lacy (now Longtown: 10,2) and its }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 caput }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 at Weobley (10,48), where Roger had his park, ma
de him an important defender of the English frontier against the Welsh. He rebelled against William Rufus in 1088 and 1094, was banished and his lands, which later formed the honour of Weobley, were given to his brother Hugh. Roger died some time after 11
0
6 in Normandy where he had attained high office under Duke Robert. In WOR 18,6 land in Droitwich is said to belong to his manor of Hereford. Although Roger holds some houses in the borough, his principal Herefordshire manor, Weobley, is probably meant. Fo
r Walter, Roger and the honour of Weobley, see Wightman, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Lacy Family}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , especially pp. 117-66.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 10,1\tab IN "CUTESTORNES" HUNDRED. The rest of "Cutestornes" Hundred lay in the centre of Hereford\-shire and was not adjacent to Ewyas Harold. Didley and "Stane"}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (2,2) 
had been drawn into}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 the castlery of Ewyas Harold, suggesting that the land lay close to the castle; see \{Introduction: Castles\}.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab CASTLERY. See \{Introduction: Castles\}.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 4 CARUCATES. On 'carucate', see 1,48 carucates note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab WALTER OF LACY. See 1,5 Walter note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab THEY HAVE 1 PLOUGH. The Welshmen have the plough. William and Osbern have the}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 slaves in the next statement, and probably also the smallholders, though, as is often the case}{
\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 with }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 bord'}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 the accusative is not indicated.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 10,2\tab 
LONGTOWN. Formerly Ewias Lacy. Longtown is dominated by the castle (SO321291), erected at the confluence of the valleys of the River Monnow, the River Olchon and the Escley Brook in the late twelfth century. No castle of Roger is mentioned in Domesday, bu
t he may well have built one, possibly at Oldcastle (SO3224). His immediate successors built at Pont Hendre (SO326282).}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab WITHIN THE BOUNDARY OF EWIAS. That is, the Welsh commote of Ewias, not the}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 castlery of Ewyas Harold; compare 1,53: }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 In fine Arcenefelde}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab DOES NOT BELONG TO THE CASTLERY NOR TO THE HUNDRED. It probably lay}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 within the Welsh commote of Ewias, then about to be conquered.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab [ADMINISTERS] JUSTICE. Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 habet}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  ... }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 placita}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 literally 'has pleas over them'. His court
}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 replaces that of a hundred, to which this land does not belong.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 10,3\tab IN THE CASTLERY OF CLIFFORD [CASTLE]. Clifford Castle (8,1) is not in a hundred; the castlery may similarly have been extra-hundredal.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 4 CARUCATES. These may be the 'land for 4 ploughs' held by Roger in 8,1; see 8,1 land note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 10,4\tab PUTLEY. Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Poteslepe}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 In the margin of the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 40, see p. 96 note) }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Poteslepa }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 has been glossed }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Puttelee}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 John Freeman}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
observes that the Middle English and Modern English spellings of the place-name represent the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Puttelee }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 form; and that there may be two names for Putley. He says: '}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Poteslepe }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 is also the Domesday form of Postlip, Gloucestershire, but there the later forms clearly derive from the Domesday form. Ekwall, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Dictionary of English Place-Names}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, under Postlip, takes the second element of Postlip to be Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 slaep }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
... 'slippery' or 'miry place', but perhaps also having a secondary sense 'portage', 'place where boats or other objects are dragged'. The first element may be Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 pott }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
('a pot'; 'a pool', 'a hollow', 'a hole').' He notes that Ekwall (who omits the Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Poteslepe }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 form both in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Dictionary of English Place-Names}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , and in }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Studies on English Place-Names}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 perhaps regarding it as a scribal error) discusses the later forms of Putley in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Studies on English Place-Names}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 pp. 91-92, finding a place-name in Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 leah }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 with first element the Old English personal name }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Putta }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 or the hypothetical noun }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 putta }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('a kite', 'a bird of prey'). John Freeman concludes: 'If ... one accepts Domesday and Herefordshire Domesday }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Poteslepe }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 as a genuine form, a solution might be to take }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Poteslepe }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 to represent not }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 pottes-slaep }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 but }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Puttan-slaep }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('Putta's }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 slaep}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 '),}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 which, with reduction of the weak genitive }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 -an- }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 to }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 -e- }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and with Anglo-Norman }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 -o- }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 for -u- (von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid7800816 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid7800816 ,}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816  \'a717) and Anglo-Norman simplification of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 -tt- }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 to }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 -t- }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid7800816 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{
\insrsid7800816 , }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \'a7147), would result in a Domesday form }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Poteslep}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 e}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ).}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Puttelee }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 might then 
represent an alternative name of the place, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Puttan-leah }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('Putta's wood' or 'glade'), containing the same personal name as }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Poteslepe}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 '.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab [* EARL *] TOSTI. The Domesday forms of this name - }{\i\insrsid7800816 Tosti}{\insrsid7800816 , }{\i\insrsid7800816 Tostius}{\insrsid7800816  and, once each, }{\i\insrsid7800816 Thostin}{\insrsid7800816  and }{\i\insrsid7800816 
Tostillus}{\insrsid7800816  - represent Old Danish/Old Norse }{\i\insrsid7800816 Tosti}{\insrsid7800816 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid7800816 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid7800816 , p. 387 and, on the form }{\i\insrsid7800816 
Thostin}{\insrsid7800816  in this entry, }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \'a7 148}{\insrsid7800816 . The Alecto edition has Tosti.
\par \tab \tab Although the name Tosti occurs almost 100 times in Domesday Book it is not a common n
ame. Once holdings plausibly be attributed to the earl and Tosti <of Sawtry> (see LIN 4,17 Tosti note) have been excluded, only five holdings remain, probably held by four individuals, all of them of minor landholders. In the absence of other significant 
l
andholders of his name, the task of identifying the earl where he is not accorded his title is simplified. There can be little doubt, for instance, that the Tosti who held the huge royal manor of Falsgrave (YKS 1Y3) was the earl, as also the royal manor o
f
 Hemingbrough (YKS 1Y3). The scale, status, and absence of other suitable candidates also make it likely that he had held the substantial manors at Polhampton (HAM 31,1), Buckworth (HUN 10,1), Bingham (NTT 9,97) and, less certainly, the anonymous holding 
f
rom Guy of Raimbeaucourt in Northamptonshire (NTH 41,2). The Tosti who held Halmonds Frome from Queen Edith is also likely to have been the earl; and since no tenant-in-chief will have had two predecessors with the same uncommon name, he will have been th
e Tosti who held Putley, if the }{\i\insrsid7800816 Thostin}{\insrsid7800816 
 of that holding is, in fact, a Tosti (10,4;29). The Tosti of IoW7,22 is shown to be the earl by the link with his manor of Freshwater (IoW1,5), and there can be no doubt that the Tosti who 'went from England' of NFK 1
0,83 was the earl also. Finally, the Tosti who held a minuscule property at Worthing (SUS 13,37) was probably also the earl since his father and brother held in the same vill and the holding 'lay in' the large manor of Sompting, held from the Crown by a L
eofwin who was surely the earl, his brother. See Clarke,}{\i\insrsid7800816  English nobility}{\insrsid7800816 , pp. 191-94, who omits HAM S2 and NTH 41,2 from his list (JP).}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 10,5\tab OCLE [PYCHARD]. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 The portion given to St Peter's of Hereford (on which see 2,58 St Peter's note) is called }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Acla monachorum }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
(Monkton, SO5745) in the margin of the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 40). In }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 807, 4 hides are held by Roger }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Pichard }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
of the honour of Weobley. Hemming (Hearne, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Hemingi Chartularium}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 274 (folio 127v = new 128v)) in
 his list of former possessions of Worcester Church, records how Edmund Ironside, after dividing England with Cnut (in 1016), awarded Herefordshire to Earl }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Ranig}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 . He and his soldiers seized from the church }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Pencofan }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (unidentified in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Early Charters of the West Midlands}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 140 no. 412, possibly Pencombe; see 19,6 manor note), }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Cogre }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 (Little Cowarne 7,8; see 7,8 Cowarne note), }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Upledene }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (Upleadon 18,1, 9 hides),}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Aclea }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (Ocle 10,5 and see 29,3 manor note) and }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Raeccesford }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (Rochford 22,5. 23,1). Domesday does not record the Worcester interest in these villages and it is not possible to decide which parts of divided villages it had held.}{\insrsid7800816  }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 For a discussion of Hemming's Cartulary, see WOR \{Appendix\}. Finberg in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Early Charters of the West Midlands}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , pp. 225-27, and Smith in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Place-Names of Gloucestershire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , iv. p. 32 note 1, identify the Upleadon in Gloucestershire with }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Upledene}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
and hence use it as additional proof that this part of Gloucestershire was at first in Herefordshire; see \{Introduction: The County Boundary\}.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 
WALTER OF LACY ... ST PETER'S OF HEREFORD. Walter (see 1,5 Walter note) had founded the monastery. His second son Hugh gave the monastery and all its lands to St Peter's of Gloucester either in 1100 (according to the Gloucester Cartulary: Hart,}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 i. p. 326) or in 1101 (according to the Gloucester History: Hart,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 i. pp. 84-85) or in 1096 according to a writ (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ii. p. 410). See also HEF 6 St Guthlac's note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 10,6\tab THIS ENTRY, added later, is squeezed in at the foot of the column, the last line being written below the bottom marginal ruling, with }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 h' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 for }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 hic }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 in the left margin corresponding to a marginal }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 h' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 level with the last line of 10,5 .}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab MAUND. For the name, see 7,5 Maund note. These 2 hides appear to be }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Magene Albini}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 a lost place listed in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 805; see the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 105 note).}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 10,7\tab A FISHERY ON THE [RIVER] WYE. It cannot have been in "Tornelaus" Hundred (heading at 10,5), which does not touch the River Wye. In the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 41) a marginal note reads }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 piscaria de Hodenac}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 The place has not been located, but the name might be a metathesis of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Hadenoc}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 now Hadnock Farm on the River Wye just north of Monmouth (SO5314), for which see }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Taxatio Ecclesiastica}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 170b, and Round, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Calendar of Documents}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  France}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , pp. 412-13 no. 1148.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 10,8\tab MAUND.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  For the name, see 7,5 Maund note. This particular Maund is Rose Maund which passed from the Lacys to the lords of Richards Castle; it is }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Magene Mauricii }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 807.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab WONNI. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Perhaps from Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Wunning}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ;}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 see von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid7800816 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Do
mesday Book}{\insrsid7800816 , }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 pp. 416-17.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 10,9\tab HERBERT [* OF FURCHES *]. See 1,22 Herbert note.}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab A BEADLE. See 1,10a beadles note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 

\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab MEADOW ONLY FOR THE OXEN. See 7,3 meadow note.}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 10,10\tab HERBERT [* OF FURCHES *]. See 1,22 Herbert note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 10,11\tab ONE HIDE [* BURGHOPE *]. The Here
fordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 41, see p. 96 note) has a marginal annotation }{\i\insrsid7800816 P.}{\insrsid7800816  }{\i\insrsid7800816 de Burh'}{\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\insrsid7800816  }{\insrsid7800816 
which suggests that the land was at Burghope (SO5050) in Wellington parish; see 1,4 Norman note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab MARDEN, THE KING'S MANOR. See 1,4.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 10,12\tab WOONTON. In Laysters, identified by the 'Wolfhay' Hundred head; see 1,70 Woonton note and 2,52 "Winetune" note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 1 PLOUGH THERE. See 2,43 plough note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 10,13\tab HEATH. The Domesday form is }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Hed}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ; The Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 41) has }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Heth}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  in the margin.}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 The place is now represented by Great Heath farm and Little Heath farm, the latter only on the six-inch Ordnance Survey map.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 10,14\tab PUDLESTON. Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Pillesdune}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ; the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 41) has a marginal }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Putlesdona}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 The first element of the place-name is Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 pidel}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  pydel }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('a stream'); the second element is Old English }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 dun }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('upland tract', 'upland pasture').}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 10,15\tab ONE MANOR OF 1 \'bd HIDES. The land was possibly at Whyle in 'Wolfhay' Hundred. In }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 810, 2 hides
 in Whyle are split between the honour of Richards Castle (24,10) and the honour of Weobley.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab ALWIN ... HIS FATHER EDWY. Probably Young Edwy who had a son called Alwin; see 10,70.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 10,16\tab GOLDEN VALLEY. In the manuscript }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 STRADELEI }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is in capitals and rubricated as if it were the manor's name, whereas the place-names }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Bachetune }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Wadetune }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 are in lower-case letters, the same as the}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
rest of the entry, though also rubricated; see 2,54 Stradel note. Some of Roger's holdings in the valley are unidentified: one may have been at }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Cheyneston }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
(now Chanstone, SO3635) held from the honour of Weobley in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 817; }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Feudal Aids}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , ii. p. 380. This may be the Domesday "Elnodestune"}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (10,17) against which }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 W}{\b\cf1\insrsid7800816 . }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Ebrois }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is entered as holder in the margin of the Herefordshire
 Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 42). He may have been ancestor to the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Devereux }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 who held Chanstone in the Book of Fees. Another holding may have been at Howton in Kenderchurch (SO4129), held in }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 812, by Walter }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 de Scotot }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 from the honour of Weobley. Mr Warren Skidmore identifies this with "Wadetune"}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 on the ground that the 1086 holder Gilbert (probably Gilbert of Bacton, see the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, pp. 85, 96, 100)) was Gilbert of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Esketot}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
 }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ancestor of Walter }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 de Scotot}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 A third Lacy holding was at Walterstone (SO3425), in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 1479. The place-name could derive from the tenant of the unidentified "Edwardestune"}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
(10,18), or from the early thirteenth-century Walter of Lacy, or from some other Walter. The position
 of Walterstone, south-west of Ewyas Harold, close to Ewias Lacy (Longtown), suggests, however, that it was acquired as part of the Conqueror's thrust into Ewias at the end of his reign: it is therefore unlikely to have been hidated or in the Golden Valle
y in 1086.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 10,17\tab "ELNODESTUNE".}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 'Elnoth's farm or estate', from the Old English personal name }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Elnoth}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Alnoth}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 ; see}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid7800816 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid7800816 , }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 p. 149. The place was tentatively identified by Round in }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, i. p. 330, as ?Elston Bridge, citing the form 'Elstones Bridge' from Saxton's map, positioned at the southern end of the Golden Valley. Domesday Gazetteer has the same identification (Elston Bridge). That place is, however, to be identified with Pontril
as and is probably Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Elwistone }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (1,56 Pontrilas note), which lay in Archenfield in 1086. See also 10,16 valley note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 10,18\tab "EDWARDESTUNE".}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 A marginal entry in the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 42) has }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 In Edwardeston' Uilla Huardi}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 There also a }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Huardus}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  holds Poston (Galbraith and Tait, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Herefordshire Domesday}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, p. 54), corresponding to the Domesday entry at 14,6, which may have been close to this unidentified holding.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 10,19\tab BULLINGHOPE. The Domesday form is }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Boniniope}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 . The Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 42, see p. 96 note) has a marginal }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Bulinghop'}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 . In the Middle Ages there were two villages }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Bollynghop' Superior }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Bollynghop' Inferior}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ;}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 see }
{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Feudal Aids}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , ii. p. 388, and }{\i\insrsid7800816 Lay Subsidy Roll (1334)}{\insrsid7800816 , }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 p. 127. The first edition Ordn
ance Survey map distinguishes them as Bullingham and Lower Bullingham respectively. On recent maps (Upper) Bullingham has become Bullinghope once more, Lower Bullingham (SO5238) remaining in that form.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab THE THIRD PART OF 2 MILLS. The remaining parts, with the same value, are at 21,6 and 25,2 (but see 25,2 mill note).}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 10,20\tab COBHALL. The Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 42) has a marginal note }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Archeteleston' i h'}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
. This was 'the estate of Arnketil' (an Old Scandinavian personal name), indicating that the land was at Arkstone (SO4336) close to Cobhall.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 4 SMALLHOLDERS WITH 1 HIDE. In some Domesday counties it is normal for the hidage of the villagers' land to be mentioned. This is not so in Herefordshire. There is clearly an error here}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
since the total holding is only 1 hide. The Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 42) corrects to '4 smallholders with 1 plough' (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 una caruca}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ).}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 10,22\tab BERNER <OF HIGFORD>. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
He is probably the same man as the Berner in the next entry (10,23) and as Roger of Lacy'
s subtenant in Shropshire (SHR 4,8,12 and 4,8,15: Higford) and as William Pandolf's subtenant Berner in the same county (SHR 4,14,22-23); see SHR 4,8,12 Berner note. See Keats-Rohan, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday People}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 167.}{
\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab \'bd HIDE [***]. See 1,9 hides note.}{
\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 10,23\tab WEBTON. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Lined through in red in the manuscript as usual; the Ordnance Survey facsimile does not have the rubrication. Part of the land was at Meer Court (SO4336): in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 811, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Webbetun'}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Cobbewell' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (10,20) and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 La Mare }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 are held from the honour of Weobley.}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 \tab BERNER <OF HIGFORD>. See 10,22 Berner note.}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 2 \'bd HIDES. [***]. See 1,9 hides note.}{
\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 10,24\tab STRETTON. See 2,37 Sugwas note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 10,25\tab LYDE. Two manors are distinguished in the margin of the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 43, see p. 97 note) as }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Luda }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ...}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Salcei }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Luda }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ...}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Monesl'}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 . Later, land is held of the Weobley Fee in Lyde }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Mucegros}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
(also Lyde }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Beaumyes}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and Lyde }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Godfrey }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (also Lyde }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Arundel}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ); see }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 803, and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Feudal Aids}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , ii. pp. 376, 386, 392. See 2,44 Lyde note. Roger holds another part of Lyde under Osbern son of Richard in 24,11. Lyde }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Arundel }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is now Arundel Farm (SO4943).}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 \tab THORKIL [* WHITE *]. See 1,65 Thorkil note.}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 10,26\tab LYDE. See 10,25 Lyde note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 

\par }{\insrsid7800816 10,27\tab WESTON [BEGGARD]. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 1 hide is held in the Weston in Radlow Hundred from the honour of Weobley in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 809.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab GUNFRID. The Domesday form is }{\i\insrsid7800816 Gunuer}{\insrsid7800816 ;}{\i\insrsid7800816  }{\insrsid7800816 see 9,1 Gunfrid note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 10,28\tab YARKHILL.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Archel}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 It is coincidental that the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 T}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 R}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 E}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 . holder was named }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Archil}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  (Arnketil), the place-name being derived not from him but from Old English }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 geard }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('yard', 'enclosure') and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 cylen }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('kiln'); see Ekwall, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Dictionary of English Place-Names}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , under Yarkhill.}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab ARNKETIL. Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Archil}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ;}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 see von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid7800816 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid7800816 , }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 p. 163, under Old Norse }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Arnkell}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , Old Danish }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Arnketil}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab A}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 THANE. In the manuscript }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 tan'}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 probably a mistake for }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 tain' }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 (compare SHR 4,1,36 where }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 tani }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 has an }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 i}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  interlined above the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 a}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 which, with }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 teinus }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 tegnus}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is the usual Domesday form for 'thane'; }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
tanus}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 however, is evidenced as a form in 1160 (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Revised Medieval Latin Word-List}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , under }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 thanus}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
),}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 tannus }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is the form used sometimes in the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Liber Exoniensis}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  (Exon).}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 10,29\tab [HALMONDS] FROME. Domesday }{\i\insrsid7800816 Nerefrum }{\insrsid7800816 represents Old English }{\i\insrsid7800816 nearra-}{\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\insrsid7800816  }{\insrsid7800816 Middle English }{\i\insrsid7800816 nerre-}{
\insrsid7800816 , meaning}{\i\insrsid7800816  }{\insrsid7800816 'the nearer Frome', perhaps nearer to the river than the land of the next entry, Castle Frome, which occupies the hill above it. }{\i\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\insrsid7800816 , i.
 pp. 330-31, tentatively identified Castle Frome for 10,29 and Halmond Frome for 10,30, but the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 44, see p. 98 note) makes the identifications clear. This Frome, in a marginal note there, is }{
\i\insrsid7800816 Nederefroma }{\insrsid7800816 ...}{\i\insrsid7800816  Hamonis}{\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\insrsid7800816  }{\insrsid7800816 which contains Old English }{\i\insrsid7800816 neothera}{\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\insrsid7800816  }{\insrsid7800816 
Middle English }{\i\insrsid7800816 nethere }{\insrsid7800816 ('lower').}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 \tab [* EARL *] TOSTI. See 10,4 Tosti note.}{\insrsid5851405 

\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 10,30\tab [CASTLE] FROME. Domesday }{\i\insrsid7800816 
Brismerfrum }{\insrsid7800816 named after the }{\i\insrsid7800816 T}{\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\insrsid7800816 R}{\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\insrsid7800816 E}{\insrsid7800816 . holder (Old English }{\i\insrsid7800816 Brihtmer}{\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\insrsid7800816  
}{\insrsid7800816 see under }{\i\insrsid7800816 Beorhtm\'e6r }{\insrsid7800816 in}{\i\insrsid7800816  }{\insrsid7800816 von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid7800816 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid7800816 , p. 195). }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
The Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p.}{\insrsid7800816  44, see p. 98 note) has }{\i\insrsid7800816 Brichtmer}{\insrsid7800816 (}{\i\insrsid7800816 es}{\insrsid7800816 )}{\i\insrsid7800816  froma }{\insrsid7800816 ...}{\i\insrsid7800816 
 Castelli }{\insrsid7800816 in the margin.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 10,32\tab [LITTLE] MARCLE.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  In Radlow Hundred, Much Marcle being in "Wimundestreu" Hundred. The Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 44, see p. 99 note) records the later holder as }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 O
}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Tirel }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 807, Little Marcle is held by Roger }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Tirel }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
from the honour of Weobley in Radlow Hundred; see }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Feudal Aids}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , ii. p. 379.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab ODO NOW HOLDS IT WITH. In the manuscript and Farley }{\i\f720\cf1\insrsid7800816 c\'fb}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ; the Ordnance Survey facsimile reproduces it as }{\i\f720\cf1\insrsid7800816 c\'f4}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{
\i\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab THE OTHER LAND. Although }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 alius }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 normally means 'another' it seems here to refer to the rest of the 5 hides. There were two holdings before 1066, held
 by Thorkil and by Alric; they were later combined and held in 1086 by Odo.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 \tab THORKIL [* WHITE *]. See 1,65 Thorkil note.}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 10,33\tab [CANON] FROME. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
The Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p.}{\insrsid7800816  45, see p. 99 note) has a marginal addition }{\i\insrsid7800816 Canonicorum}{\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\insrsid7800816  }{\insrsid7800816 In }{\i\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\insrsid7800816 
, p. 808, it is held by the Canons of Llanthony (Priory) from the Weobley honour. }{\i\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 331, without the benefit of an edition of the Herefordshire Domesday simply identified the place as Frome.}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 \tab THORKIL [* WHITE *]. See 1,65 Thorkil note.}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 10,34\tab THORKIL [* WHITE *]. See 1,65 Thorkil note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 10,35\tab MONKHIDE. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 The Domesday}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 form is }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Hide}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , making it part of Westhide; see 8,8 Westhide note and 29,4 manor note. That is the identification of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday Gazetteer}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816  which improved on the identification of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 331, which was plain Hide. A more precise identification is with Monkhide: in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 808, 1 hide is held at Monkhide by the Church of Gloucester by gift of Walter of Lacy, from the honour of Weobley. Galbraith and Tait, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Herefordshire Domesday}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, p. 99 note, are inclined to identify it with the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 villa Ricardi }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 809. There was also a }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 parva Hida}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 held by Gloucester Abbey in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Feudal Aids}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , ii. p. 389, but Monkhide and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Parva Hida }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 appear as separate lands in }{
\i\insrsid7800816 Lay Subsidy Roll (1334)}{\insrsid7800816 , }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 p. 128.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 10,36\tab TARRINGTON. Possibly Little Tarrington, see Galbraith and Tait, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Herefordshire Domesday}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 100 note, and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, i. p. 331 note 75.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab ANSFRID [* OF CORMEILLES *]. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 He is Ansfrid of Cormeilles who holds another part of Tarrington in chief (21,1); he was Roger's cousin by marriage (GLS 68,13).}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 10,37\tab IN THE LEFT MARGIN of the manuscript, level with the first line of this entry is written a +}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 sign. It is contemporary with Domesday and draws attention to the fact
 that the manor is held by a church. These crosses occur in several Domesday counties; see SOM 5,43 manuscript note. Farley did not reproduce this cross here, though he does in several counties (for example at GLS 1,27-33). Not all land held by the church
 from lay tenants is so distinguished in Domesday.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab LEADON. Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Lede }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (for }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Leden}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ). The Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 45) has a marginal }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Ledena}
{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 331, identified the same Leadon (in Bishops Frome).}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 In }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, p. 808, \'bd}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 hide is held here by St Guthlac's of Hereford from Walter of Lacy of the honour of Weobley; see }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Feudal Aids}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, ii. p. 389. St Peter's of Hereford and St Guthlac's later merged; see HEF 6 St Guthlac's note. St Peter's of Gloucester, which became t
heir mother church, also held land at Upleadon in Gloucestershire (GLS 10,10) according to the Gloucester Cartulary (Hart, i. pp. 374-75). }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  identifies }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Lede}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816  with the Upleadon in Herefordshire (SO6742)}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 \tab ST PETER'S [* OF HEREFORD *]. See 10,37 Leadon note.}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab THORKIL [* WHITE *]. See 1,65 Thorkil note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 10,38\tab LEADON.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  See 10,37 Leadon note.}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 \tab THORKIL [* WHITE *]. See 1,65 Thorkil note.}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 10,39\tab 
THIS ENTRY is written below the bottom marginal rulings of column 184c and some 10 letters into the left margin. In the manuscript the transposition signs are the Greek letter upsilon and are rubricated; in Farley's text they are crosses.}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab MATHON. The parish was formerly partly in Herefordshire and partly in Worcestershire, it being fully transferred to Herefordshire in 1897. The division is found in Domesday.}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
WOR 9,6a records the Church of Pershore as having held 5 hides at Mathon, of which 4 are in Worcestershire and 1 is in Herefordshire, in Radlow Hundred. Domesday Herefordshire here and in 23,6 records two 
half-hides both held before 1066 by thanes of Earl Oda. Round in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, i. p. 331 note 76, regarded the one Herefordshire hide (held by two riders in 1086) mentioned in WOR 9,6a as the same as that given in Herefordshire 10,39 and 23,6. If so, 
the two half-hides will have been alienated church land, of which fact no mention is made in Herefordshire; Earl Oda (see 1,44 Oda note) was buried in 1056 in Pershore Church and may have been holding these lands from that church. The uncertain status of 
these half-hides is perhaps shown by the fact that 10,39 certainly (see 10,39 entry note), and 23,6 possibly, are later additions to the schedule. For centuries Mathon was a westward projection of Worcester\-
shire; but if 'Bagburrow' (2,28) is correctly identified, Mathon will in 1086 have been divided from Worcestershire by a part of the Herefordshire Hundred of "Wimundestreu", thus forming a detached portion of the former county.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 

\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab HE COULD NOT WITHDRAW. See 1,3 go note.}{
\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 10,40\tab LAWTON. This land had been part
 of Kingsland before 1066; see 1,5 Kingsland note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 10,41\tab STREET. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 This land had been part of Kingsland before 1066; see 1,5 Kingsland note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 10,42\tab ALFLED. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Elflet}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ;}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 see von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid7800816 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{
\insrsid7800816 , }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 p. 144.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 10,43\tab HOPLEYS [GREEN]. Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Hope}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 . It had been part of Kingsland before 1066; see 1,5. }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, i. p. 331, identified Hope. The identification with Hopleys Green is due to Rennell, 'Domesday Manors', p. 154, followed by }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 . Mr Coplestone-Cr
ow points to an alternative identification in the existence of a 'Hope' in Lyonshall (10,44) marked on the first edition Ordnance Survey map of 1833 (sheet 56, reprint sheet 49 of 1970) at SO337568.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab RIGHT TO SETTLE. Colonists were invited by the lord to s
ettle on his land in order to cultivate it. Such an influx of people would be useful in bringing new or waste lands under the plough on the Welsh Marches. Other examples of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 hospites }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
are 10,47 (compare 10,44), CHS 2,9 and SHR 4,23,17. 4,25,3. 4,27,27. See Nelson, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Normans in South Wales}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , pp. 57-61.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 10,44\tab THORKIL [* WHITE *]. See 1,65 Thorkil note.}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 10,45\tab WOONTON. See 1,70 Woonton note.}{
\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab NOW 64d. In the manuscript and Farley }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 lxiiii}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ;}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 the Ordnance Survey facsimile reproduces the figure as }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Ixiii\'b7.}
{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 the photozincographic process not 'picking up' most of the final }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 i}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 10,46\tab ROBERT [* OF BASKERVILLE *].}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  Robert of Baskerville; Eardisley was }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 caput }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 of the later Baskerville fief; see Wightman, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Lacy Family}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 154; Galbraith and Tait, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Herefordshire Domesday}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 100 note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab NOR LIES IN ANY HUNDRED. The land containing a small-scale castle is treated like a}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 castlery; see 8,1 and 10,2, and \{Introduction: Castles\}.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab A FORTIFIED HOUSE. Probably with a moat and wall. The building was perhaps the germ}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 of the later Eardisley Castle; see Nelson, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Normans in South Wales}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 71; }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Royal Commission on Historical Monuments (Herefordshire)}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , iii. pp. lxiii and 52b.}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Another }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 domus defensabilis }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 in the same area is mentioned at 25,9.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 1 WELSHMAN WHO PAYS 3s. See 6,8 value note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 10,47\tab LETTON.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  In }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 803, Letton is held in the later enlarged Stretford Hundred from the honour of Weobley.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab YOUNG EDWY. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 The Ordnance Survey facsimile fails to reproduce all of the interlined }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 cilt}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 probably because the }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 i}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 t }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 are rather faint in the manuscript.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 7 SETTLERS. See 10,43 settle note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 10,48\tab WEOBLEY. This was the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 caput }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 of the Lacy barony.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 3 \'bd HIDES WHICH PAY TAX. }{\i\f713\cf1\insrsid7800816 Ibi .ii.i hid\'ea 7}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 dimid.' geldant.' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 was interlined later, squeezed in with a gap between }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 .iii. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and }{\i\f713\cf1\insrsid7800816 hid\'ea}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 dimid'. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
geldant'. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 to accommodate respectively the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 g }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Rog' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in the line above and the abbreviation sign of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 car' }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 7}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  in the line below; Farley did not show these gaps.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab A PARK. For hunting wild animals within the boundaries of the manor. See 1,41 park note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab ST PETER'S [* OF HEREFORD *]. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 St Peter's of Hereford. See 10,5 Walter note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab ONE OF THESE VILLAGERS. }{\i\f720\cf1\insrsid7800816 Un\'e2 de istis uill'}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 which could be translated as 'one of these villages' (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 uill' 
}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 abbreviating }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 uillis}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ), implying Weobley or one of the preceding villages. However, it is much more likely that }{\i\f720\cf1\insrsid7800816 un\'e2 }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
is a scribal error for }{\i\f720\cf1\insrsid7800816 un\'fb }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 = unum}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
) and that the meaning is that St Peter's had (the services of) one of the 10 villagers mentioned above. See the Gloucester History (Hart,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 i. p. 85) where a villager in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Webbeleya in Herfordschire }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is mentioned as part of a grant by Walter of Lacy to St Peter's of Hereford (which later became a dependency of St Peter's, Gloucester; see HEF 6 St Guthlac's note).}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 10,49\tab FERNHILL. Bannister, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Place-Names of Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , and Galbraith and Tait, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Herefordshire Domesday}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, p. 101 note, identify 'Fernhale' a place now lost in Staunton-on-Wye. A Fernhill occurs on the modern six-inch Ordnance Survey map south-west of Weobley and is the likely identification in Stretford Hundred, wherea
s Staunton-on-Wye lay in 1086 in "Stepleset" Hundred.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 1 RIDING MAN. In the accusative (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 un' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 = }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 unum}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in error, as there is no verb such as }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 habet }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 requiring an object.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab HOLD. Or perhaps 'who holds' referring only to the riding man, as }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 ten' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 can abbreviate both }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 tenent }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 tenens}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 10,50\tab [KINGS] PYON.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  In the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 48) there is a marginal }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Regis }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 to distinguish this land from Canon Pyon (2,39). }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Pyonia Regis }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is a member of Weobley in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Feudal Aids}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , ii. p. 377.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab GRUFFYDD [* BOY *]. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Probably the son of King Maredudd who has a separate fief in Domesday (HEF 31). In the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 48) the later holder is }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 W}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  de Braosa }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 who holds a number of Gruffydd's lands in HEF 31. See 1,34 Boy note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab \'bd HIDE OF THIS LAND. [***]. The fact that the rest of the line is left blank after this in the manuscript and that there is a }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 7}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
 at the beginning of the next statement (and no verb there) suggests that the scribe intended to add details of another subtenancy later when available.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 10,52\tab ALTON ... TWO PARTS OF 1 HIDE. The }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Pletune}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  of Domesday}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 has defied identification, being left unidentified by }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 332,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
. However, at Chadnor (8,5), also in this hundred, Domesday records the third part of 1 hide, an unusual fraction, that appears to belong with the two parts of 1 hide at }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Pletune}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 . Moreover, }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Alleton }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Falle }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (Alton Court and ?Fields Place, SO4153) are members of Weobley honour in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Feudal Aids}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, ii. pp. 377, 392. It is likely that }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Pletune }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is a scribal error for }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Aletune}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 10,55\tab STAUNTON[-ON-WYE]. Both the Lacy holdings (10,55;57) reappear in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 802, as respectively 2 hides and 4 hides held at }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Standun }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 of the honour of Weobley in Grimsworth Hundred which was a later merging of "Cutestornes" Hundred and "Stepleset" Hundred. The 10,55 entry is }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Standon Leurici }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
in the margin of the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 48, see p. 101 note). Part of the larger Lacy holding, held by Miles }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Pichard }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, p. 802, was at Letton (SO3346); see }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Feudal Aids}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , ii. p. 376.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 10,56\tab MANSELL [GAMAGE]. 'Mansell' is represented by three other Domesday entries (2,46, now Bishopstone, and 31,4-5). }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, i. p. 332, identified this 'Mansell' as Mansell Lacy and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday Gazetteer }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
offered both Mansell Lacy and Mansell Gamage. Mansell Lacy, despite the distinguishing name, does not refer to this land which the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 49, see p. 101 note) qualifies in the margin as }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Melueshull' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ... }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 G. de Gamag'}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 'Gamage' is derived from Gamaches in Les Andelys in Normandy. The Herefordshire Domesday also has a marginal }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Stand' Mah' iii h}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ., suggesting that 3 of the 8 hides were a part of Staunton-on-Wye. These are probably the 3 hides at }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Staunton }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
in Grimsworth Hundred held by Matthew }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 de Mauns }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 from Walter of Clifford in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 802. Mansell Gamage is similarly held from the Weobley honour in }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 802, and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Feudal Aids}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , ii. p. 376.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 10,57\tab STAUNTON[-ON-WYE]. See 10,55 Staunton note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab IN LORDSHIP. }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 In dnio}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 with a nunnation line over the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 n }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 dnio}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 , in the manuscript and Farley; the Ordnance Survey facsimile does not reproduce the nunnation line, which is rather faint.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 10,58\tab LUDRIC <OF YAZOR>. Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Ludri}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ; see von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid7800816 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid7800816 ,}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
 p. 321. The only other occurrence of this name is as a predecessor of Osbern son of Richard in WAR 37,5.}{\insrsid7800816 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab \tab }{\insrsid7800816 The name Ludric occurs on two holdings of modest value, separated by 50 miles or more, which devolved upon different tenants-in-chief. It is likely they had been held by different individuals in 1066 (JP).
}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab EARL ALGAR. Earl of East Anglia 1051-1052 and 1053-1057, then Earl of Mercia 1057-1062. He was outlawed in 1055 and again in 1058, but won back his position on 
each occasion with the help of Gruffydd ap Llywelyn, king of Gwynedd and Powys (see 1,49 Gruffydd note). Algar was the son of Earl Leofric and the Lady (Countess) Godiva; father of Earl Edwin and Earl Morcar. He died }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 c}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 . 1062.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 10,59\tab SAEMER. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 In the manuscript }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Semar }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 has been badly written over an erasure, probably of an ink blot, parts of which still remain.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 10,60\tab 4 MORE PLOUGHS. In the manuscript }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 ii }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 with }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 ii }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 interlined, making the figure }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 iiii}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{
\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 10,62\tab HADWY. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 For the name, Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Haduic}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 see 15,2 and von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid7800816 
Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid7800816 ,}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  p. 282 note 4.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 10,63\tab STOKE [LACY].}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  Not Stoke Prior as }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 333. Stoke Lacy (thus identified by }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
) is held from the honour of Weobley in 1243 (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 807); see Galbraith and Tait, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Herefordshire Domesday}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 103 note. The land included }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Muntrich }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (now Mintridge Farm, SO6352) in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 806.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 10,66\tab IN WOLFERLOW, 6 HIDES. }{\insrsid7800816 The Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 50) has a marginal '6 \'bd hides', the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 7}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 di' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (' \'bd ') being added later and at the same time as another marginal note ' \'bd hide at }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Underlide'}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, that is Upper Underley and Lower Underley at SO6562 and SO6561 respectively; see 9,18 Wolferlow note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab ALWIN THE SHERIFF. A former sheriff of Gloucestershire.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 10,67\tab [BISHOPS] FROME. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 See 2,21 Frome note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab LEOFSI.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  Domesday has }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Lepsi }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 here and at 10,69;74. See von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid7800816 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid7800816 , }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 \'a7 90.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 10,68\tab TEDSTONE. This entry refers to Tedstone (Wafer). The Domesday form is }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Tetistorp}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ; the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 51, see p. 104 note) has a marginal entry }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Tedestorna }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ... }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 R}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Walfr'}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ; see also }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, p. 806. JMcND points out that this and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Tedesthorne }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (2,3), both identified with Tedstone, are different names. The 
first element in both appears to be the same Old English personal name; the final element of the one is Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 thorn }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 thyrne }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
('thorn-bush', 'thorn-brake'), and of the other Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 thorp}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  throp }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('dependent or outlying settlement'); compare Wagner,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
 English Place-Names in Thorp}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , pp. c-ci.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 \tab ERNSI <OF PAINSWICK>. See 1,20 Ernsi note.}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 10,69\tab BREDENBURY ... 1 HIDE. }{\insrsid7800816 
The Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  51) has a marginal entry: }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 In Bridenebiria ii h'}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 10,70\tab BUTTERLEY.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  Mr Coplestone-Crow points out that the Lacy land included }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Wakintun' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (Wacton, SO6157), where 2 hides are held in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees
}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 806.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 10,71\tab 
MARSTON [STANNETT]. The "Plegelgete" Hundred head identifies the place; see 14,12 Marston note, 27,1 Marston note, and 32,1 Marston note. In }{\i\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\insrsid7800816 
, p. 805, 1 hide is held in Marston in Broxash Hundred (which included the Domesday "Plegelgete" Hundred) from the honour of Weobley. To the \'bd hide mentioned here may have been added the \'bd hide of 32,1. }{\i\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{
\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 334, identified Marston [Chapel]; }{\i\insrsid7800816 Domesday Gazetteer}{\insrsid7800816  has Marston [Stannett].}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 10,72\tab 
GRENDON. There are now two adjacent parishes, Grendon Bishop and Pencombe with Grendon Warren. Grendon Bishop was a holding of the Church of Hereford (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Feudal Aids}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,
 ii. p. 384) perhaps included under the 30 hides of Bromyard (2,49) in Domesday. Grendon Warren appears to have been the Lacy holding; see Galbraith and Tait, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Herefordshire Domesday}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 104 note; }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 806; }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Feudal Aids}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , ii. p. 379.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab EDWY HELD IT, AND ORDRIC. }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Tenuit }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is singular; the scribe presumably wrote }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Eduui tenuit }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and put a }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 punctus}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816  after it before he realized that there were two }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 T}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 R}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 E}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
. holders; see 22,8 Alwin note for a similar omission.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 10,73\tab STANFORD. That is, 'Stanford Regis', in Stanford Bishop parish. }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 806, records 1 hide held in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Stanford' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
in the later Broxash Hundred from the Weobley honour. See 1,9 Stanford note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 10,74\tab 'CUPLE'. Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Chipelai}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  was left unidentified by }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 334, but a not
e (note 83) drew attention to Duncumb's identification as 'Underley in Wolferlow'. }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Chipelai }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and the next entry (for }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Hanlei}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 : 10,75)}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 are not necessarily in "Plegelgete" Hundred, in which all the places in 10,63-73 seem to have lain.
\par \tab \tab The Domesday form of the present entry is }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Chipelai}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ; the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 52) has }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Cupleai}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  in the margin.}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 This 1 hide, held of the fee of Walter of Lacy, was subsequently granted as 'Cuple' by Earl Roger of Hereford to St Guthlac's; see Walker, 'Chart
ers of the Earldom of Hereford', p. 39 note 2, and Walker, 'Honours of the Earls of Hereford', p. 186. The modern representative of the place, which was not certainly in "Plegelgete" Hundred has not been found. JMcND adds: 'the place-name forms indicate s
econd element Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 leah }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('open woodland', 'settlement in a woodland setting'), and suggest a first element Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 cype }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
('a kipe', 'an osier basket for catching fish'); but we must await confirmation by further research'.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 10,75\tab HANLEY. If no hundred head has been omitted and this }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Hanlei}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  lay in "Plegelgete" Hundred (but see 10,74 'Cuple' note), this place}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
can hardly be the same as that at 23,5 which is said to be in "Wimundestreu" Hundred. }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 334, printed Hanley and in a note 
(note 84) suggested that it was represented by 'Hanley's End by Leadon Court, south-east of Bishop's Frome'. }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  similarly identified Hanley's End. This would place }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Hanlei }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in Radlow Hundred. In fact, the most likely identification is with Hanley William and Hanley Child just over the Worcestershire border (WOR 20,3-4). The present holding is so identified by Wightman, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Lacy Family}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  (map pp. 118-19). The \'bd hide of this entry added to the 4 \'bd hides of the Worcestershire schedule would make a 5-hi
de village. The division between counties would then be similar to that of Mathon (10,39 Mathon note). If this identification is correct then the Herefordshire portion of Hanley William and Hanley Child will have lain in "Plegelgete" Hundred.}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab ST PETER'S [* OF HEREFORD *]. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Probably St Peter's of Hereford, see 10,5 Walter note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 11\tab ROGER OF MUSSEGROS. He is named from Mussegros, in the d\'e9partement of Eure, France, close to Les Andelys; see Tengvik, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Old English Bynames}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, p. 102. The surnames Musgrove and Mucegros are derived from the French place.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 11,1\tab ARNKETIL}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 . }{\insrsid7800816 The Domesday forms of this name - }{\i\insrsid7800816 Archil}{\insrsid7800816 , }{\i\insrsid7800816 Archel}{\insrsid7800816 , }{\i\insrsid7800816 Archetel}{\insrsid7800816 , }{
\i\insrsid7800816 Archillus}{\insrsid7800816  - represent Old Danish}{\i\insrsid7800816  Arnketil}{\insrsid7800816 , Old Norse}{\i\insrsid7800816  Arnkell}{\insrsid7800816 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid7800816 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{
\insrsid7800816 , p. 163. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 See also Fellows-Jensen, }{\i\insrsid7800816 Scandinavian Personal Names}{\insrsid7800816 ,}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  p. 14 and addenda. }{\insrsid7800816 
The printed Phillimore edition has the forms Arkell, Arketel and Arnketill (the last, in YKS and LIN, following Fellows Jensen, }{\i\insrsid7800816 Scandinavian Personal Names in Lincolnshire and Yorkshire}{\insrsid7800816 
, pp. 14-16); these have now been standardized as Arnketil. The presence in Domesday Book of so many occurrences of the forms }{\i\insrsid7800816 Archil}{\insrsid7800816  and }{\i\insrsid7800816 Archel}{\insrsid7800816 
 may, however, suggest that these men were known by the Old Norse name. The Alecto edition has Arnketil.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab ARNGRIM <OF WOMERTON>.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\insrsid7800816 The Domesday forms of this name - }{\i\insrsid7800816 Arnegri}{\insrsid7800816 [}{\i\insrsid7800816 m}{\insrsid7800816 ], }{\i\insrsid7800816 Ergrim}{\insrsid7800816 , }
{\i\insrsid7800816 Arnegrin}{\insrsid7800816 , }{\i\insrsid7800816 Ernegrin}{\insrsid7800816 , }{\i\insrsid7800816 Aergrim}{\insrsid7800816 , }{\i\insrsid7800816 Aregrim}{\insrsid7800816 , }{\i\insrsid7800816 Aregrin}{\insrsid7800816 , }{
\i\insrsid7800816 Haregrim}{\insrsid7800816 , }{\i\insrsid7800816 Haregrin}{\insrsid7800816  - represent Old Danish }{\i\insrsid7800816 Arngrim}{\insrsid7800816 , Old Norse }{\i\insrsid7800816 Arngrimr}{\insrsid7800816 : von Feilitzen, }{
\i\insrsid7800816 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid7800816 , pp. 162-63. In the printed Phillimore edition of Yorkshire the Old Norse form was used; this has now been standardized as Arngrim. The Alecto edition has Arngrim.}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816  The holdings of an Arnketil and an Arngrim were also combined in the next entry (11,2) and in SHR 4,5,3.}{\insrsid7800816 
\par \tab \tab 
The name Arngrim occurs on 14 holdings in Domesday Book, probably representing four or five individuals. The four holdings on the border of Herefordshire and Shropshire are likely to have been held by one individual in 1066 since Arngrim shared thre
e of them with an Arnketil while the fourth, Pedwardine, lay close to two of the other three (JP).}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 11,2\tab LAYSTERS. Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Last}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 A marginal entry in the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 52) has }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Lastes}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 See 1,10a Hope note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab ARNKETIL. See 11,1 Arnketil note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab ARNGRIM <OF WOMERTON>. See 11,1 Arngrim note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 12\tab ROBERT GERNON. From Old French }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 grenon}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  gernon}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  guernon }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('moustache'); see Tengvik, }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Old English Bynames}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , pp. 314-15.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 12,1\tab YARPOLE.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 IARPOL }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in the manuscript; Farley misprinted }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 LARPOL}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab RICHARD
 SCROPE. A Norman who settled in Herefordshire at the time of the Confessor, continued to hold land after the Conquest and was succeeded by his son Osbern (HEF 24 Osbern note), although here his lands passed to Robert Gernon. For Scrope, see Tengvik, }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Old English Bynames}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 224; Ekwall, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Dictionary of English Place-Names}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , under Shrewsbury; von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid7800816 
Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid7800816 , }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 p. 349 note 1. The surname, despite Tengvik's hesitations and Ekwall's accidental complication (this family's surname is not the origin of Shrewsbury),}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is obviously an Anglo-Scandinavian nickname, the Old Norse byname }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Skropi}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 presumably anglicized as hypothetical}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Scrop}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 e}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 which would produce Anglo-Norman }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Scrupe}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Escrob}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Scrob}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ;}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 see Bj\'f6rkman,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Englischen Namen-kunde}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 76; Lind, }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Norsk-Isl\'e4ndska Personbinamn}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 333. It looks as if a pre-Conquest Norman settler has been given an Anglo-Scandinavian surname.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 12,2\tab [RICHARDS] CASTLE. The Domesday form is }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Auretone}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , which}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 stands for Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Alretune}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Now represented by Orleton (SO4967); see 9,19; and Ekwall, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Dictionary of English Place-Names}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, under Orleton. In a marginal note, the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 52) has }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Castellum Ricardi}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
the name deriving from Richard Scrope. The castle may have been erected under the Confessor like the first construction of Ewyas Harold (19,1); see \{Introduction: Castles\}.}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Part of Richards Castle parish was later transferred to Shropshire, a part, including the church and the castle, remaining in Herefordshire; see \{Introduction: The County Boundary\}.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 \tab 
RICHARD [* SCROPE *]. Richard is the father of Osbern (see 12,1 Richard note); he built Richards Castle.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 4 MEASURES OF CORN. See 8,1 measure note.}{
\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 13\tab HENRY OF FERRERS. He came from Ferri\'e8res-Saint-Hilaire in the d\'e9partement of Eure, France; see Tengvik, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Old English Bynames}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, p. 88. He was one of the Domesday Commissioners named in Hemming' Cartulary; see 'Worcester F' in WOR \{Appendix\}. He was also lord of Tutbury Castle in Staffordshire (STS 10,1), holding much land in Derbyshire; see Lennard, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Rural England}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , pp. 32-33. His heirs were the Earls of Derby and Nottingham.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 13,1\tab [PRIORS] FROME.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  In Mordiford parish. In }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 801, 1 hide in Mordiford is held in socage by Ralph }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 de Beaufey }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 of the honour of the Earl of Ferrers. See Galbraith and Tait, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Herefordshire Domesday}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 104 note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab BISHOP "ESTAN" [* AETHELSTAN OF HEREFORD *].}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  The Domesday form is }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Estan}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ; see}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid7800816 
Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid7800816 , }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 p. 188. According to the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Handbook of British Chronology}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 229, Aethelstan was}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
consecrated in 1012 and was Bishop of Hereford from some time between then and 1052 until his death in 1056.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 2 HIDES. Part of this is written over an erasure in the manuscript; }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 ii}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  is a correction from }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 i }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 with the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 e }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 (= }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 duae}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 added to clarify the correction, and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 hida }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
has been made plural by the addition of the diphthong squiggle on the top of the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 a}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 13,2\tab CASTLERY. See \{Introduction: Castles\}.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab ROGER. Roger of Lacy. This property descended to his grandson, Hugh II; see Galbraith and Tait, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Herefordshire Domesday}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 53; Wightman, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Lacy Family}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 132. The three churches may well have been at Walterstone (SO3424), Llancillo (SO3625) and Rowlstone (SO3727) which were numbered among the possessions of Llanthony Priory, a foundation of Hugh (I) of Lacy, Roger's brother.}{
\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 2 MESSUAGES. }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Masuras }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (for }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 mansuras}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 );}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
see C3 messuage note . Their existence here implies the beginning of a }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 burgus }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 as at the castles of Clifford (8,1) and Wigmore (9,1).}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 14\tab WILLIAM OF ECOUIS. The Domesday form is }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Scohies}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ;}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Ecouis is in the d\'e9partement of Eure, France; see Tengvik, }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Old English Bynames}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 114. In later feodaries his lands are held of the honour of Dilwyn.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 14,1\tab 8 CARUCATES. See 1,48 carucates note}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 
CASTLERY OF CAERLEON. Caerleon is a strategic site, commanding the River Usk, just north of the modern Newport (Casnewydd). The castle, whose existence is deduced from the mention of a castlery, will have been erected as part of t
he Norman advance into South Wales from Gloucestershire and represents a forward fortified position beyond Chepstow (Casgwent). Brief details of these newly-conquered lands 'between the Wye and the Usk' and 'beyond the Usk' are given in GLS W1-19 under th
e heading 'In Wales'. In GLS S2 it is stated that '\'a3
7 10s comes from the payments of Caerleon, from 1 plough which is there, and from 7 fisheries in the Wye and the Usk'. The details of Caerleon rightly belong in Domesday Gloucestershire and may have been i
ncluded in Herefordshire in error since William has no fief in Gloucestershire. It is also possible that the land in the castlery was remote from the castle, within Herefordshire proper; see 1,48 castlery note and \{Introduction: Castles\}
. The mention that the land was waste }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 T}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 R}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 E}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
. is puzzling, for if the castlery was at Caerleon, it is unlikely that King Edward formally held it as part of his kingdom of England before 1066, although he had begun to establish client kingdoms in the area; see \{Introduction: T
he Welsh Border: History\}
. The erection of Monmouth and Chepstow Castles are due to Earl William (1067-1071) and it is unlikely that Caerleon Castle, occupying a forward position, was of an earlier date. The land here was possibly devastated, like Archenfi
eld, by Gruffydd and Bleddyn (1,49 Gruffydd note) or by Caradoc ap Gruffydd ap Rhydderch in his raid on Portskewett in 1065 (see GLS W2 and W2 Caradoc note).}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 \tab "TURSTIN".}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
 Probably "Turstin" son of Rolf who held other land in the Caerleon area; see GLS W18: '"Turstin" son of Rolf ... has 6 carucates of land beyond the Usk'.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 2 MALE SLAVES, 1 FEMALE [***]. There is no }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 punctus}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  after }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 ancilla}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
although Farley printed one, and the rest of the line has been left blank in the manuscript, perhaps for details of 'resources' to be added if and when available.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab WASTE. In the manuscript }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Wasta}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ; Farley printed }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 wasta}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
The scribe frequently, especially in Shropshire, used a large }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 W }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Wasta}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Wastata }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
etc., even in the middle of a phrase, where Farley printed a small }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 w}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 It is n
ot always possible to tell whether the scribe intended a capital, as he wrote many sizes of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 w}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
; attention is therefore not drawn elsewhere in these notes to apparent discrepancies between Farley and the manuscript on this point.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 14,2\tab MAUND. That is, Maund (Bryan). }{\insrsid7800816 The Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  53, see p. 105 note) has a marginal }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Maga }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ...}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Nicol'}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 found as }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Magene Nicholae }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in 1195. The same holding is 1 hide at }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Magene Brian' }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 in 1243 in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 805. On 'Maund', see 7,5 Maund note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 3 SMALLHOLDERS. In the manuscript }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 iij}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  has been corrected from }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 ii}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 the original final }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 punctus}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  being still visible under the lengthened last }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 i}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 iij}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab MEADOW FOR THE OXEN. See 7,3 meadow note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab CLERICS OF ST GUTHLAC'S}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  CLAIM. Their holdings at Hinton and Felton (6,3;6)}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 are close by.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 14,3\tab 
BROADWARD. If correctly identified (see 1,28 Broadward note) Broadward (like Newton: 14,4) was divided between the great manor of Leominster and the Hundred of "Tornelaus". Although Broadward seems separated from "Tornelaus" 
Hundred by Leominster members, and Newton nearly so, such intrusions of ecclesiastical manors into 'secular' hundreds are not unusual in Herefordshire, Worcestershire and Gloucestershire; see \{Introduction: Hundreds\}.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 \tab STEPHEN [* SON OF FULCRED *]. Note to be supplied (JP).}
{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 14,4\tab 
NEWTON. In Hope-under-Dinmore parish. Another part of the same village was held by William from the king in 1,25, having formerly been a part of the great manor of Leominster. In the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 54
) the marginal annotator has entered }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 H}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  de Crofta }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 as the holder of this land as of the Leominster share. The same man holds }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Wafreton }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Newton }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 from the honour of Dilwyn in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Feudal Aids}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , ii. p. 381, and in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 798. }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Wafreton }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is the Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Wavertune}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 that is Wharton (1,24).}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab WHICH PAYS TAX [***]. See 1,9 hides note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab BRUN.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Bruns}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , probably from Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Brun}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ; see von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid7800816 
Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid7800816 , }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 p. 210. }{\insrsid7800816 The Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  54) has }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Brunus}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 See 1,25 Bruning note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 \tab BERNARD [* BEARD *]. Note to be supplied (JP).}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 14,5\tab BERNARD [* BEARD *]. Note to be supplied (JP).}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 14,6\tab POSTON. The Domesday form is }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Poscetenetune}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 that of the margin of the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 54) }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Pocintona}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 The grid reference (SO3637) refers to Poston House. There is a Poston Court Farm on the western side of the river at SO3537. See 10,18 "Edwardestune" note and 23,3 "Burcstanestune" note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 

\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab IN THE GOLDEN VALLEY. It would seem that the scribe failed to leave room on the first line of the entry for the heading }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 In Valle de Stratelei' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
and so had to incorporate it in the entry rather belatedly. The rest of the entry is neat, however. However, when he came to rubricate this 'heading', he merely outlined in red the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 I }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 of }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 In }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 V }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Valle}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, rather than drawing a red line through the words as with normal hundred headings and place-names. See 2,54 Stradel note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 14,8\tab DILWYN. Like Broadward and Newton (14,3-4) Dilwyn was divided between}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Leominst
er and an ordinary territorial hundred. Though later in Stretford Hundred, there is no reason to doubt the Elsdon hundred head at 14,7. Dilwyn will have been separated from its hundred by the intrusion of Luntley, another member of Leominster manor. See 1
,26 Dilwyn note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 14,9\tab DILWYN. See 14,8 Dilwyn note.}{\insrsid5851405 

\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 14,10\tab LATER 15[s]. See 7,5 now note.}{
\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 14,12\tab MARSTON [STANNETT]. The identification is uncertain. }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 335, identified a Marston without specifying; }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday Gazetteer}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816  chose Marston [in Pembridge] (27,1 Marston note). The descent of some of William's manors is obscure, but there is no Marston in "Stepleset" Hundred (hundred head at 14,10). In }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 1482, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Hugo de Croft}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 who holds other lands in chapter 14 (see
 14,4 Newton note) holds Marston in Broxash Hundred, that is, Marston Stannett in the 1086 Hundred of "Plegelgete". }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Hugo }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
is said to hold from the honour of Weobley and it may be that the Lacy family, who held another part of Marston Stannett (10,71 Marston
 note), had acquired William of Ecouis' portion without disturbing the subtenancy. Although the text of Domesday lacks a "Plegelgete" Hundred head at this point, "Plegelgete" places tend to be entered at this point in individual fiefs; see \{
Introduction: Hundreds\}.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 15\tab WILLIAM SON OF BADERON. The }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 caput }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 of his lands was Monmouth Castle of which he was keeper. See 1,48 and 1,48 Monmouth note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 15,1\tab HOPE [MANSELL].}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  A marginal note in the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 p. 55, see p. 106 note) has }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 H}{
\b\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Maloisel }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 as the later tenant. The land was granted by King William to Wihenoc of Monmouth; see Round }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Calendar of Documents}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  France}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , pp. 403-11.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab ST PETER'S CHURCH OF GLOUCESTER.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  The Abbey seems to have recovered its land, since it is found holding here in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 800, and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Feudal Aids}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , ii. p. 383.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 15,2\tab RUARDEAN.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  This village was in Herefordshire in 1086 but had been transferred to Gloucestershire by 1316 (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Nomina Villarum }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Feudal Aids}
{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , ii. p. 275), probably at the time of the extensive forest clearings that took place under Edward I. The whole area between the River Severn and the River Wye appears originally to have been in Herefordshire, see \{
Introduction: The County Boundary\}.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab HADWY. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Hadeuui}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ;}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 see 10,62; and von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid7800816 Pre-Conquest P
ersonal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid7800816 ,}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  p. 282.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 15,3\tab LINTON, THE KING'S MANOR. See 1,1.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab LEVEL WITH THE LAST LINE of this entry, which is written on the bottom marginal ruling, and in the left margin on the extreme edge of the parchment of folio 185c are written the words ... }{\i\f720\cf1\insrsid7800816 l'm' c\'fb
 barba}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 the rest of the word or words being lost due to bleeding of the manuscript; }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 l'm'}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  is}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
probably the end of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Will'm' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 making the reading 'William with a beard'. They were written by the scribe as the text and were probably a note to add something. See Galbraith and Tait, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Herefordshire Domesday}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 107 note, on Linton; and compare Bardsley, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Dictionary of English and Welsh Surnames}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , pp. 88, 821. Gilbert, a sub\-
tenant of Robert of Tosny in CAM 20,1, is described as }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 cum barba }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  (Hamilton, p. 42).}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 15,4\tab [MUCH] MARCLE,}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  THE KING'S MANOR. See 1,7.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 15,5\tab VALUE. In the manuscript the scribe wrote 3 strokes of a }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 W }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 for the first letter of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Valet}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 presumably influenced by the two }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 W}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 s}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 above; Farley corrected it to a }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 V}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 

\par }{\insrsid7800816 15,6\tab STRETTON [GRANDISON]. In }{\i\insrsid7800816 Feudal Aids}{\insrsid7800816 , ii. p. 379, William }{\i\insrsid7800816 de Grande Sono }{\insrsid7800816 holds Ashperton (see 15,8) and Stretton from the barony of Monmouth.}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 \tab THORKIL [* WHITE *]. See 1,65 Thorkil note.}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 15,7\tab THORKIL [* WHITE *]. See 1,65 Thorkil note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 15,8\tab ASHPERTON ... 5 \'bd HIDES. The land recurs in }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 808, as 5 hides in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Asperton }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Strattun'}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
held of the Monmouth fee, probably implying that some of the land was in Stretton Grandison. But see 15,6 Stretton note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 15,9\tab THORKIL [* WHITE *]. See 1,65 Thorkil note.}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 15,10\tab MUNSLEY. Part of the land was at }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Maynestun' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 or }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Maineston}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 that is, Mainstone in Munsley}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (SO6539), held in }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 808, from the honour of Monmouth; see }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 336 note 91. The Herefordshire Domesday (Galbrait
h and Tait, p. 56, see p. 108 note) has a marginal entry }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 item in Hundeslawa di' h'}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , ('similarly in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Hundeslawa}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  \'bd hide')}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 referring to an unidentified place.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 1 \'bd HIDES; THEY PAY TAX. }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Ibi i hida 7 dimid' 7}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  in the manuscript with }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 geld'}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  interlined above }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 dimid'}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 ; Farley did not print the final }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 7}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , which was probably inserted at the same time as the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 geld'}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  was interlined.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 16\tab WILLIAM SON OF NORMAN. He held land in Archenfield 1,53-55 with his }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 caput }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
at Kilpeck. He seems to have had some responsibility for supervising the Forest of Dean; see 1,63 and compare GLS 37,3. His descendants held land in Little Taynton 'for keeping the hay of Hereford' and his son Hugh is described as 'son of William the fore
ster of Herefordshire'; see }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. pp. 276-77. On 'hays', see 2,23 enclosure note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 16,1\tab MUNSLEY. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 The land was at Court y Park in Munsley (SO6439). In }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 808, Eleanor }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 de Parco }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 holds 1 hide 
}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 in villa de Parco }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 of Hugh of Kilpeck. See }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 336 note 92; Galbraith and Tait, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Herefordshire Domesday}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 108 note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab WADA <OF MUNSLEY>. The Domesday forms of this name - }{\i\insrsid7800816 Wada}{\insrsid7800816 , }{\i\insrsid7800816 Wade}{\insrsid7800816  - represent Old English }{\i\insrsid7800816 Wada}{\insrsid7800816 : von Feilitzen, }{
\i\insrsid7800816 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid7800816 , p. 407, who included also the form }{\i\insrsid7800816 Wado}{\insrsid7800816 
 which occurs in SOM and DEV. However, the forms in the corresponding entries in Exon for these suggest otherwise; see DEV 15,49 Wado note. The Alecto edition follows von Feilitzen and has Wada for all these forms. This 
is the only occurrence of this name in Domesday Herefordshire.
\par \tab \tab The name Wada occurs on seven holdings in Domesday Book and may represent four, five or six individuals. This very modest holding is unlikely to be connected to any others, all of them over 150 miles away (JP).}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 16,2\tab HOPTON [SOLLERS].}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  The land will have included both Hopton Sollers and Lower Hopton; see Galbraith and Tait, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Herefordshire Domesday}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 108 note.}{
\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 16,3\tab 7 SMALLHOLDERS WITH 3 PLOUGHS. In the manuscript }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 vii bord' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 has been corrected from }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 iii bord'}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 . The number of ploughs,}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  iii }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 with }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 b' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (for }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 tribus}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 interlined,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 has been corrected from }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 ii}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  with }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 b'}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  (for }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 duabus}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ) interlined.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 16,4\tab [THE] VERN.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  So identified by }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 . }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 336, has Ferne.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab \'bd HIDE. [***]. See 1,9 hides note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab MARDEN, THE KING'S MANOR. See 1,4.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 17\tab "TURSTIN" SON OF ROLF. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Perhaps the standard-bearer at the battle of Hastings who was rewarded with land in Gloucestershire, Somerset, Dorset, Devon, Herefordshire and in other countie
s; see Ellis, 'Landholders of Gloucestershire', pp. 186-87.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 17,1\tab ALVINGTON.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  On the western shore of the River Severn, now in Gloucestershire. The land remained for a time in Herefordshire after the area between the River Severn and the River Wye had been m
ostly transferred to Gloucestershire before 1086; see \{Introduction: The County Boundary\}. Since Alvington was held by Brictric }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 T}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 R}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 E}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 . and therefore probably from Earl Harold, William son of Osbern may well have administered the land as 'palatine' earl, keeping it in Herefordshire as he had transferred other lands; see 1,39-47; \{
Introduction: The Welsh Border: History\}; Galbraith and Tait, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Herefordshire Domesday}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 57, see p. 109 note. }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Place-Names of Gloucestershire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, iii. p. 249, does not cite the Domesday reference, possibly because }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 336, had tentatively identified the place as ?Alton Court (in Ross-on-Wye). }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  has Alvington.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 6 HIDES [***]. There is a gap of about four letters' width in the manuscript after }{\i\f713\cf1\insrsid7800816 hid\'ea}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , which has no dot}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
after it; probably the space was left for }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 geld' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 or another word; see 1,9 hides note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 20 BLOOMS OF IRON. Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Bloma}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 also }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 plumba }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
as in Domesday SOM 17,3. It was a dish used as a measure for ore; afterwards the due payable on the measure. See 1,7 lumps note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 17,2\tab [LITTLE] MARCLE.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  A marginal note in the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 57, see p. 110 note) reads }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 In Eilinetona}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 that is, Aylton (SO6537) a mile to the north-west of Little Marcle. Much Marcle (1,7;10c. 4,1. 15,4), the identification of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 337, was in "Wimundestreu" Hundred.}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab ANOTHER "TURSTIN". }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Alter }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 should strictly mean 'the other', but see 19,2 where }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 alter quidam }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
means 'another man', a sense strictly covered by }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 alius}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Further examples of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 alter }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
meaning 'another' are to be found at 2,48. 6,8 and 31,5.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 18\tab 
ALBERT OF LORRAINE. Also known as Albert the cleric; see RUT 7 Albert note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 18,1\tab UPLEADON.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  The Domesday form is }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Ledene}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ;}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 it is }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Upledena }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in the margin of the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith 
and Tait, p. 57, see p. 110 note). Part or all of the village had probably belonged to the Church of Worcester (see 10,5 Ocle note). Part of the land was at }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Kantel }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (Catley, SO6844) held with }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Hupledene }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 808.}{\insrsid7800816 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab \tab }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 337 note 93, identified the place as Leadon (in Bishops Frome), that is the same place as Leadon (10,37-38). }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday Gazetteer}
{\cf1\insrsid7800816  identified it with Upleadon.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 19\tab THE CHAPTER NUMBER is mistakenly given as }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 ix }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in the manuscript. There is no question of the first }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 x }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
being cut off, as the number is on the inner edge of the folio.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 
ALFRED OF MARLBOROUGH. A Norman whose family settled in Herefordshire under Edward the Confessor. Nephew of the Norman Osbern 'Pentecost' (see 19,3) and father-in-law of "Turstin" of Wigmore
 (see 19,10). Ewyas Harold Castle was the head of his honour. Apart from Pencombe (19,6) which he held himself before 1066, Alfred's lands had been held by Earl (later King) Harold. They were no doubt conferred on him by William son of Osbern and with the
m he acquired Harold's responsibility for the frontier with Wales. His fief was variously divided at his death, some lands falling to Harold son of Earl Ralph.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 19,1\tab 
EWYAS [HAROLD] ... REFORTIFIED. The Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 58, see p. 110 note) has a marginal entry }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Ewias Haroldi}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
; the distinctive name probably was derived from Harold, son of the Earl Ralph who was nephew of Edward the Confessor and first Earl of Hereford. The castle may have been the one mentioned in 1052 in the Anglo-
Saxon Chronicle (D version) at the time of Gruffydd's invasion of Herefordshire. It was probably Osbern Pentecost's castle, a Norman castle built in the days of Edward the Confessor by Osbern the uncle of Alfred of Marlborough (19,3); see the Anglo-Saxon 
Chronicle (E version); Round }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Feudal England}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , pp. 323-24. The refortification mentioned here was probably a result of Gruffydd's attack; see \{Introduction: Welsh Border: History] and \{Introduction: Castles\}
. Harold son of Earl Ralph founded the priory of Ewyas Harold }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 c}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 . 1100 as a cell of St Peter's, Gloucester; see 1,56 Pontrilas note; Walker, 'Register of St Peter's,}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Gloucester', pp. 6-9.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 5 CARUCATES OF LAND. In the manuscript }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 car' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (the abbreviation for both }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 carucata }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 carruca}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 was originally written and then extended to }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 carucatas}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
but the abbreviation mark was not erased.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 5 OTHER CARUCATES AT MONNINGTON. 5 hides are mentioned at Monnington in 19,4, possibly a confusion about the same piece of land; see \{Introduction: Castles\}.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab RALPH OF BERNAY. See 1,2 Ralph note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 12 SMALLHOLDERS WHO WORK 1 DAY A WEEK. The only reference to week-work in Domesday, though later evidence suggests that it was common; see Lennard, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Rural England}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 370 note 1.}{
\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab FISHERIES; MEADOW, 22 ACRES. Both are the object of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 habent}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 as the smallholders were probably also.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 \tab WARNER <OF EWYAS>. The Domesday forms of this name - }{
\i\insrsid7800816 Warneri}{\insrsid7800816 [}{\i\insrsid7800816 us}{\insrsid7800816 ], }{\i\insrsid7800816 Warnerus}{\insrsid7800816 , }{\i\insrsid7800816 Garner}{\insrsid7800816 [}{\i\insrsid7800816 us}{\insrsid7800816 ], }{\i\insrsid7800816 Warnari}{
\insrsid7800816 [}{\i\insrsid7800816 us}{\insrsid7800816 ] - represent Old German }{\i\insrsid7800816 Warinhari}{\insrsid7800816 , }{\i\insrsid7800816 Warinher}{\insrsid7800816  etc., Old French }{\i\insrsid7800816 Garnier}{\insrsid7800816 : Forssner, }{
\i\insrsid7800816 Continental-Germanic Personal Names in England}{\insrsid7800816 , pp. 247-48. The Alecto edition also has Warner. This is the only occurrence of this name in Domesday Herefordshire.
\par \tab \tab Warner is not a common name in Domesday Book, occurring less than two dozen times. The tiny holding at Ewyas is unlikely to be connected to any others, all distance and without tenurial associations (JP).}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 19,2\tab 
BURGHILL. Mr Coplestone-Crow points out that six of the eight hides are accounted for}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , pp. 802-803, by two at }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Tulintun'}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 two in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Burchull' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and two in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Burwelton'}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
that is, at}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Tillington (SO4645), Burghill and Burlton (SO4844).}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab ANOTHER MAN. See 17,2 another note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab THIRD PENNY. A third of the revenue from the pleas, to which the Earl (Harold) had been}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 entitled as holder of this manor; see Round, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Geoffrey de Mandeville}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 291. See also C12 Edward note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab TWO HUNDREDS. Burghill was in "Cutestornes" Hundred; Stretford Hundred, divided into two}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
parts, was contiguous on the western side. For a similar entry, see 19,10. In Somerset the third penny of the 'borough-right' of four hundreds was attached to the}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 manor of Old Cleeve (SOM 1,13).}{\insrsid5851405 

\par }{\insrsid7800816 19,3\tab BRINSOP.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  The Domesday form is }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Hope}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 . The Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 58, see p. 112 note) has a marginal }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Bruneshop'}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 15 SMALLHOLDERS. Or possibly '16'; the usual }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 punctus}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  after a figure is large here and written}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 level with the top of the }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 xv}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , probably in error. A similar large }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 punctus}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  occurs in 24,6; see 24,6 land note and compare 2,30 ploughs note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab OSBERN UNCLE OF ALFRED.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  Osbern Pentecost; see HEF 19 Alfred note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab AFTER GODWIN AND HAROLD HAD BEEN EXILED. Earl Godwin and all his sons (Swein, Tosti, Gyrth, Harold and Leofwin) were bani
shed in 1050 (Anglo-Saxon Chronicle). They were restored to power in 1052. Earl Godwin died the next year; see 1,74 Godwin note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 19,4\tab 5 HIDES [***]. See 19,1 Monnington note and on the gap, see 1,9 hides note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 19,5\tab BREDWARDINE. Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Brocheurdie}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 . The place was left unidentified by }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 337, but }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  has Bredwardine, no doubt because the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait,, p. 59, see p. 113 note) has a marginal }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Brodewordin}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
. John Freeman (starting from the discussion of the name Bredwardine in Ekwall, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Studies on English Place-Names}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 pp. 133-135, and comparing Brobury (}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Brocheberie}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 :}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 10,54) subjected these spellings to careful analysis, and concluded ' ... if }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Brocheurdie }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
is Bredwardine, the place probably bore alternative names in the twelfth century, one with the Old English element }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 broc }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ['a marsh', 'water-meadow', 'stream'] or the hypothetical personal name }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Broca}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and the other with the element }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 bre}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 o}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 rd }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 (from }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 bre}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 o}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 d}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
[Old English, 'brim', 'margin', 'rim'; 'shore', 'bank', brink'; compare 1,10a Brierley note]. The second element of the forms from the Herefordshire Domesday onwards is Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 worthign }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
('an enclosure', 'a curtilage'), an element common in the West Midland counties, particularly Herefordshire and Shropshire. The Domesday form in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 -urdie}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
on the other hand, seems to suggest Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 worthig}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  wurthig }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
('an enclosure'), apparently in the dative singular. This might support the argument that the Domesday form represents a different name, that is, hypothetical }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Broc-wurthig }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 or }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Brocan-wurthig}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 as against the Herefordshire Domesday and subsequent hypothetical }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Breordworthign}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 '.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 5 HIDES. [***]. See 1,9 hides note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 19,6\tab 
THIS ENTRY and the next two (19,7-8) are written in a compressed way in the manuscript.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab ONE MANOR. This is given as }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Pencumba}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
that is, Pencombe (SO5952), in a marginal entry in the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 59, see p. 113 note). 15 hides in Pencombe are held of the honour of Ewyas in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, p. 806. Land here may formerly have belonged to Worcester Church, see 10,5 Ocle note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab HIS DAUGHTER. Agnes, wife of "Turstin" of Wigmore, who also held [Much] Cowarne from her father (19,10). See the Gloucester History (Hart,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 i. pp. 107, 115) for a grant
 to that monastery by her and her son Eustace of 1 hide in Pencombe. Eustace is called }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 filius Thurstini Flandrensis }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
there, thus proving that "Turstin" of Wigmore and "Turstin" of Flanders were one and the same.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 21 VILLAGERS. The Latin reads }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 xxi uill}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 anu}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ]}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 s}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
; the singular occurs regularly in Domesday with the figures 21, 31 etc.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 19,7\tab 
THIS ENTRY, the previous one (19,6) and the next one (19,8) are written in a compressed way in the manuscript.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab [HILL OF] EATON. In Foy. It is }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Edtune }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Eatona }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in the margin and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Ettone}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
 in the text of the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 59). Formerly }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Eton Tregos}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 : }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Feudal Aids}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , ii. p. 383. In }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 801, 2 \'bd hides are held from the honour of Ewyas in 'Greytree' Hundred which later absorbed Bromsash Hundred. John Freeman observes, 'The name [Eaton] is composed of the Old English elements }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 ea }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('a river', 'a stream') and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 tun }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('a farmstead'), an appropriate enough description of this place near the River Wye. The Domesday form }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 EDTUNE }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
is probably due to scribal misreading of a form }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 EATUNE}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 since the two letters, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 D}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 A}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 , are quite similar in the majuscule script used for the names of manors in Domesday. The Herefordshire Domesday form }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Ettone }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
may be an unsuccessful attempt to correct the Domesday form, or it may show that the scribe was copying from dictation, hearing }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Edtune }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 as }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Ettune}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 '.}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 See 29,20 Strangford note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 6 SMALLHOLDERS. In the manuscript }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 vi }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 has been corrected from }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 iii}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 19,8\tab 
THIS ENTRY and the previous two (19,6-7) are written in a compressed way in the manuscript.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 
PEMBRIDGE. The Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 59) has a marginal note }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Item in Morcote}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
referring to Moorcot (SO3555), a couple of miles south-west of the Pembridge near Leominster. This rules out identification with Pembridge near Skenfrith in Bromsash Hundred (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, i. p. 338 note 94a; Rennell, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Valley on the March}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 39) and makes it necessary to restore a hundred head to the text. Neither Marston (27,1) nor Pembridge is entered under a hundred head in Domesda
y; both were later in Stretford Hundred which contained places from both Elsdon Hundred and "Hezetre" Hundred. The 1086 boundary between these latter hundreds was probably the River Arrow and on this assumption both Marston and Pembridge have been here as
signed to Elsdon Hundred. Pembridge is, however, associated with Staunton-on-Arrow on the other bank of the river in }{\i\insrsid7800816 Lay Subsidy Roll (1334)}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
and if the older identification of Weston (9,13) as Weston in Pembridge is maintained, both Pembridge and Marston will have been in "Hezetre" Hundred in 1086.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab IF IT HAD PRODUCED [MAST]. The Latin is }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 si fructificasset}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 literally 'if it had borne fruit', the}{\insrsid7800816  }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 particular 'fruit' being that of the oak, beech, chestnut and other forest trees on which the}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 swine fed. }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, i. p. 295, paraphrases 'in a good season'.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab CANONS OF ST GUTHLAC'S CLAIM . See 2,12 Harold note on Earl Harold's appropriation}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 of church land.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab VALUE NOW \'a310 10s. In the manuscript the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 x }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 x sol' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 has probably been altered from another}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 f
igure and the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 sol'}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  is written in the right margin.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 19,9\tab WOODLAND. No extent is given. Compare 29,16 where an explanation is added: }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 silua ... sed quantitas non fuit dicta}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 19,10\tab [MUCH] COWARNE. Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Cuure }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 for Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Cuuren}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 that is, }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 cu}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  and}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  aern }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('cow-house'). The two later Cowarnes seem to be distinguished in Domesday by their being placed in different hundreds. Galbraith and Tait, }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Herefordshire Domesday}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 114 note, is inclined to think that this entry covers both. Certainly }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Colgre }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is a different name from }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Cowarne }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 (see 7,8 Cowarne note).}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab AGNES DAUGHTER OF ALFRED AND WIFE OF "TURSTIN" OF WIGMORE. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 See 9,2 "Turstin" note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab THREE HUNDREDS. Compare 19,2 where the hundreds are named. [Much] Cowarne is}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 close to the junction of Radlow Hundred, "Plegelgete" Hundred and "Tornelaus" Hundred.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab HAS BEEN REMOVED. In the manuscript }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 abblat' est }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in error for }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 ablat' est}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 20\tab ALFRED OF `SPAIN'. }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Hispan}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 iensis}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ],}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 also }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 de Hispania }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 in 20,1. He came from Epaignes in}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 the d\'e9partement of Eure, France; see Tengvik, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Old English Bynames}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , pp. 92, 134. The Latin }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Hispaniensis }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is a kind of word\-play. He held land also in Dorset, Devon, Somerset, Wiltshire and Gloucestershire.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 20,2\tab ALFRED ALSO HOLDS 1 HIDE. In Netherwood according to Duncumb, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 History of Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , ii. p. 203.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 21\tab ANSFRID OF CORMEILLES. Cormeilles is in the d\'e9partement of Eure, France. He owed his holding in Herefordshire to Earl William; see \{Introduction: The Welsh Border: History\}.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 21,1\tab TARRINGTON.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  See 10,36 Tarrington note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 21,2\tab THORGER <OF PIXLEY>. The Domesday form, }{\i\insrsid7800816 Turgar}{\insrsid7800816 (}{\i\insrsid7800816 us}{\insrsid7800816 ), represents Old Norse }{\i\insrsid7800816 Thorgeirr}{\insrsid7800816 , Old Danish }{
\i\insrsid7800816 Thorger}{\insrsid7800816 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid7800816 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid7800816 
, p. 393. In the Phillimore printed edition the form Thorgar was used, but this has now been altered to the Old Danish form. The Alecto edition has Thorger. This is the only occurrence of this name in Domesday Herefordshire.
\par \tab \tab The name Thorger is uncommon,
 occurring nine times in Domesday Book and probably representing six or seven individuals. It is possible that this Thorger is the same individual as the predecessor of William son of Ansculf at WOR 23,12 since that man owned property in Worcester which l
ay midway between the two holdings; but there are no tenurial or other associations to support this (JP).}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab VALUE ... 8s. In the manuscript }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 viii }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 has been corrected from another figure: there are two minims visible under the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 v}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{
\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 21,3\tab ASTON [INGHAM] }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ... 2 HIDES. The Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 61, see p. 116 note) has a marginal }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Estona }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ...}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Hing'}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 In }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 100, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Eston' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is held by Richard }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Ingan }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 and in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 800, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Estun' Ingan }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is held by Roger }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 de Estun' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 from the honour of Corm
eilles. The 2 hides may be a duplicate of those mentioned at 1,1. Although the details of villagers and ploughs differ, King Edward held both before 1066.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 21,4\tab [SOLLERS] HOPE.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  A marginal entry in the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 61, see p. 116 note) has }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Hop'}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ...}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Solers}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 In }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 801, it is }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Hope Solers }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 held from the fee of Cormeilles.}{\insrsid5851405 

\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab HAGEN. Domesday }{\i\insrsid7800816 Hagene }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 represents Old Scandinavian }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Hagni}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Hogni }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (see Fellows-Jensen, }{
\i\insrsid7800816 Scandinavian Personal Names}{\insrsid7800816 ,}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  p. 122) and Old German }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Hagona}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Hagana}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Hagena}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816  (see Forssner, }{\i\insrsid7800816 Continental-Germanic Personal Names}{\insrsid7800816 ,}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  p. 138).}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 21,6\tab REVER.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Reuer }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is probably a British name, the first element being Welsh }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 rhew }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('cold'); see von Feilitzen, 
}{\i\insrsid7800816 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid7800816 , }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 p. 348.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab HELD IT [***]. There is no }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 punctus}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  in the manuscript after }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 tenuit}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
but an erasure which extends almost to the end of the line; the space may have been left intentionally. Compare 26,1 held note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 2 HIDES. [***]. See 1,9 hides note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab THE THIRD PART OF 2 MILLS. See 10,19 mills note. The }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 redd' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is more likely to abbreviate}{\insrsid7800816  }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 reddens }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 than }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 reddentium }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (to agree with the 2 mills) in view of the values given in 10,19}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and 25,2. See DOR 55,13 mill note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab WHICH PAYS 14s 8d. In the manuscript there is an erasure before }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 xiii. sol'}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ;}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 redd' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 was}
{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 interlined}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 because the space left was not sufficient. Below the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 r }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is a hair-line (rather wavy because of}{\insrsid7800816  
}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 being written over the erasure) to indicate the correct position in the text of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 redd'}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ;}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Farley}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
did not print it, though it was frequently his policy to show hair-lines (as, for example, with}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 the interlined }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 non }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in 29,3).}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 21,7\tab CLEHONGER. The Domesday form is }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Cleunge}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ; the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 62, see p. 117 note) gives a more recognizable form in the margin }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Clahungra }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('Clayhanger'). The village seems to have been divided between Stretford Hundred and Dinedor Hundred in 1086 (see 26,2). The former hundred contains 5 of its 6 hides.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab IN LORDSHIP 2 PLOUGHS. There is an erasure in the manuscript between }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 car'}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 7}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 iii uill'i }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 and the scribe drew in a line, not shown by Farley (as also at 1,65, though he printed a similar one in 29,16) to join up the two phrases. It is possible that the whole line was written over an erasure.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 22\tab DURAND OF GLOUCESTER. Durand of P\'eetres, constable of Gloucester Castle (Hart, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Historia et Chartularium Monasterii Sancti Petri Gloucestriae}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 i. p. lxxvi) and sheriff of Gloucestershire in 1086 (called Durand the sheriff in GLS G 4). He succeeded his brother Roger as sher
iff; see 22,8 and 1,61 Durand note. He seems to have been dead by 1095 as his nephew Walter was holding most of his lands by that date; see Walker, 'Honours of the Earls of Hereford', pp. 174, 179; Walker, 'Charters of the Earldom of Hereford', pp. 37-38.
}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 22,2\tab BERNARD [* BEARD *]. Note to be supplied (JP).}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab GUNNAR <OF PONTSHILL>. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 The name Gunnar occurs on almost 20 holdings in Domesday Book, distributed between Cornwall and Yorkshire and acquired by or held from eleven tenants-in-chief. The three tiny Heref
ordshire holdings are expressly stated to have been held by the same man in 1066; he is unlikely to have been the pre-Conquest Gunnar of the handsome manors in Berkshire and Wiltshire, the only other Gunnar within several hundred miles (JP).}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 22,3\tab BERNARD [* BEARD *]. Note to be supplied (JP).}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab GUNNAR <OF PONTSHILL>. See 22,2 Gunnar note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 22,4\tab COLDBOROUGH. Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Calcheberge}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 339, left this place unidentified, but later evidence suggests the identification of this place, which must
 be in Bromsash Hundred with Coldborough; see Galbraith and Tait, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Herefordshire Domesday}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 117 note. JMcND observes: 'The divergence in modern and eleventh-century spelling may be more apparent than real; }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 calche- }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 could be a misreading of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 calde- }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 from an original return; hence Old English (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 aet}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
 calde beorge }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 or (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 aet thaem}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  caldan beorge }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('(place at) cold barrow or hill'). Otherwise, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Calche- }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 looks like Old English (Anglian) }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 calc }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('chalk', 'limestone'), perhaps in a derivative suffixed form hypothetical }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 calcen }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
('made of limestone'); this raises questions of geology or archaeology'.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 \tab BERNARD [* BEARD *]. Note to be supplied (JP).}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 \tab GUNNAR <OF PONTSHILL>.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  Domesday }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Gunuer}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ;}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 the second }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 u }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is obviously a scribal error for }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 n}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  (making }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Gunner}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ),}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 as the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Isd}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 em}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ]}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
indicates he is the same person as the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Gunner }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 of 22,2-3; see von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid7800816 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid7800816 , }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 p. 277 under Old Norse }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Gunnarr}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , Old Danish }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Gunnar}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\insrsid7800816 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab \tab On the identification, s}{\insrsid7800816 ee 22,2 Gunnar note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 22,5\tab ROCHFORD. Part or all of the village had formerly belonged to Worcester Church; see 10,5 Ocle note. Rochford was transferred to Worcestershire in 1837; see \{Introduction: The County Boundary\}.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab AND HIS NEPHEW WALTER TOO. Walter of P\'eetres, sheriff of Gloucestershire after Durand, though perhaps not immediately; see Round }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Feudal England}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, p. 313. He was also known later as Walter the constable and was constable of Gloucester Castle like his uncle (Hart, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Historia et Chartularium Monasterii Sancti Petri Gloucestriae}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, i. p. lxxvi). See White, 'Household of the Norman Kings', pp. 149-151. His son Miles became Earl of Hereford in 1141. The scribe appears initially to have omitted Walter as co-holder with his uncle, hence the word order.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 \tab WIDARD <OF FARLOW>. Note to be supplied (JP).}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 22,6\tab BERNARD [* BEARD *] }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
FROM HIM. The Latin should read }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 de eis }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('from them'), as in 22,5.}{\insrsid7800816 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab \tab }{\insrsid7800816 Note to be supplied (JP).}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 22,7\tab THRUXTON. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 The Domesday form is }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Torchestone}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  which }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 339, took to be Dorstone. However, the H
erefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 63, see p. 118 note) has }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Turchelestune }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in the text and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Turkelestona }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
in the margin. This suggests Thruxton, which was the identification of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 . The place-name contains the Old Scandinavian personal name }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Thorkil }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
in an anglicized form. For Dorstone, see 23,2.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 \tab BERNARD [* BEARD *]. Note to be supplied (JP).}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 22,8\tab WIDARD <OF FARLOW>. Note to be supplied (JP).}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab REVER HELD IT, AND ALWIN. In the manuscript }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 7 Aluuin }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 appears to have been added (a }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 punctus}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  is visible under the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 7)}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , hence the singular }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
tenuit}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ;}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 see 10,72 held note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 1 HIDE... See 1,9 hides note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab ROGER OF P\'ce
TRES. Durand's brother; see 1,61 Durand note and HEF 22 Durand note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 23\tab 
DROGO SON OF POYNTZ. Founder of the House of Clifford; see }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 278.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 23,1\tab ROCHFORD. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
See 22,5 Rochford note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 23,2\tab 
[IN THE GOLDEN VALLEY]. A hundred head has been omitted above 23,2 which is certainly identifiable and 23,3-4 are probably also in the same hundred. The erasure noted in 23,4 could be a misp
laced hundred name, later erased but not inserted in its correct place.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab DORSTONE. Domesday has }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Dodintune}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ; the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 64) has }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Dodintone }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in the text and an explanatory }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 id est Dorsinton' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in the margin, which confirms the identification and is evidence of a name-change, from }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Dod}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 d}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 )}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 ing- }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 'called after }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Dodda}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 '}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 or 'after a }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 dod }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (hill)', to }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Dorsing- }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('called after }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Deorsige'}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ).}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Dorsynton }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in Webtree Hundred is held from the barony of Clifford in }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Feudal Aids}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , ii. p. 380.}{\insrsid7800816 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab \tab }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 339, having identified Dorstone as the Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Torchestone}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
 (Thruxton, 22,7) conjectured ?Downton for the present entry.}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  has Dorstone.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 23,3\tab "BURCSTANESTUNE".}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 339, tentatively identified ?Burrington, but the place was left unidentified by }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday Gazetteer}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 . The name derives from the Old English masculine personal name }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Burgstan }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 tun}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
. The Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 64) has a marginal }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Burstanestona}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ; but the place remains unidentified. It is possible that this was part of Poston, held as }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Puteston' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 by Walter }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 de Scudemor }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 from the honour of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Toenei }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (Tosny) and Clifford in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, p. 813; see 14,6 Poston note. A holding of Drogo at Poston is not otherwise accounted for in Domesday.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab ALFHILD. Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Elfild}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ;}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 see von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid7800816 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid7800816 , }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 p. 175.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 3 HIDES. [***]. See 1,9 hides note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 23,4\tab MYNYDDBRYDD. [***]. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 In the manuscript there is an erasure after this place-name, extending almost to the end of the line, with some ink spilt there as well.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab \tab Both }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 339, and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  left Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Ruuenore}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
 unidentified. It is }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Ruuenoure }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 64) where there is also a marginal gloss }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Rugenoura }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 with a later addition }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Fagemeneda }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 written above. The later hidage schedule (Galbraith and Tait, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Herefordshire Domesday}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 78) has }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Rogenoura}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}
{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 John Freeman observes that '}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Ruuenore}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, listed as the fourth manor in Drew fitz Pons's [Drogo son of Pontz'] fief under the heading for 'Wolfhay' Hundred, cannot actually have been in that hundred, for Galbraith and Tait, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Herefordshire Domesday}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, p. 119, indicates that only the first of those manors could have been therein and that the erasure noted by the county editors may have contained another hundred name [see 23,2 valley note]'. He identifies }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Ruuenore}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816  as follows:}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 '}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Ruuenore }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 probably represents Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 ruwan-ofre }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ...}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 'at the rough slope'; see }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 English Place-Name Elements}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , under }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 ruh}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , and hypothetical}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  ofer}{\i\cf1\up6\insrsid7800816 2}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 In the Herefordshire Domesday, the word }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Fagemeneda }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ... written above the marginal form }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Rugenoura }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 ...}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 apparently represents an alternative name of the place ... to be connected with }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Fowemenede }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 1327,}{\insrsid7800816  }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Fowmynd }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 1577, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Vowmynd }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 1786; see Bannister, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Place-Names of Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 141. Charles, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
The Welsh in Archenfield and}{\i\insrsid7800816  }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Oswestry}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 94, states that this is still a locally current name for the place now ... on maps as Mynydd Brith (SO2740) near Dorstone (23,2). }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Fowemenede }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and the Herefordshire Domesday's }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Fagemenede }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 represent the Old English adjective}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  fag }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
('variegated', 'multi-coloured', 'coloured') and Welsh }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 mynydd }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ... ('a mountain', 'a hill'), .... modern Welsh }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Mynydd Brith }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
('speckled hill') is an almost direct translation of this. Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Ruuenore }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
is thus to be regarded as a lost place-name in, or supplanted by, Vowmynd or Mynydd Brith'. The modern settlement, now called Mynyddbrydd, lies on the north-east slope of the hill
 (SO2841). The locality is marked as 'the township of Vowmine' on Bryant's map of 1835.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 1 HIDE. }{\i\f720\cf1\insrsid7800816 Ibi \'e7 i hida }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is written over an erasure; a lightning-shaped abbreviation sign, not printed by Farley, remains above the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 a }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 hida}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 23,5\tab `HANLEYS [END]'.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  This place was not identified by }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 340, or }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
. However, this holding in "Wimundestreu" Hundred reappears in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 808, as 1 hide held in Radlow Hundred from the honour of Clifford and appears to be distinc
t from the Hanley in "Plegelgete" Hundred (10,75 Hanley note). In addition to 'Hanleys End', a place now lost, but found on the first edition one-inch Ordnance Survey map of 1832 (sheet 55 of 1970, reprint sheet 50) in Cradley parish, there was a 'Hanley'
 at SO6643 in Canon Frome (Ordnance Survey first edition map of 1831, sheet 43; 1969 reprint sheet 59).}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 1 BURGESS. The burgess may well have been in Hereford.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 23,6\tab MATHON. See 10,39 Mathon note. Th
is entry may have been added slightly later: study of the manuscript shows that it has been squeezed in above the last ruled line and the whole entry (like 25,2, the final one in the adjacent column) looks different from the others in the column, although
 this is due to the parchment's being shiny here rather than rough.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 24\tab OSBERN SON OF RICHARD. Son of Richard Scrope (12,1 Richard note) and lord of Richards Castle. In later feodaries, many of his lands are held of the honour of Richards Castle (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Castrum Ricardi}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 which assists the identification of some places.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 24,1\tab MILTON. In Pembridge, 2 hides being held there in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 804, in the later Stretford Hundred, from the honour of Richards Castle.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 24,2\tab 2 HIDES [***]. See 1,9 hides note.}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 1 WATER-MEADOW. }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Ibi est una broce}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ;}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  broce }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is probably a scribal mistake for the nominative singular }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 broca}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
although it is possible that }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 broce }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is genitive singular and a word such as }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 acra }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 has been omitted in error after }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 una}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}
{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 or that it is nominative plural representing a clumsy transposition of a reported item }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 broce}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 :}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  ibi est una}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 In all these cases and in GLS 19,2, DOR 31,1. 34,5. LEC 13,18 }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 broca }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is a first declension Latinization of Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 broc}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 In DBY 1,26 (and perhaps in DBY 2,1) the form is }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 broces }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 which is the genitive singular of the Old English masculine }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 a
}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 -stem noun }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 broc}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Broc }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 came to mean 'a brook', but originally the word (like its cognates Middle Dutch and Dutch }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 brock
}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Low German }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 brok}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Old High German and Modern German }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 bruch}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 meant 'marsh', 'bog' etc., a sense retained by }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 brook }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
('water-meadow') in the Modern English dialects of Kent, Sussex and Surrey and in medieval field names in Cambridgeshire and Essex and in some place-names; see Ekwall, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Dictionary of English Place-Names}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , under 
}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 broc}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 The River Lugg runs north and west of Byton and there is marsh to the south at Combe Moor.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 24,3\tab BRADLEY. This place was tentatively identified by }{\i\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 340, as ?Broadheath. However, it appears to be Bradley (the identification of }{\i\insrsid7800816 Domesda
y Gazetteer}{\insrsid7800816 ),now represented only by Bradley's Cottage on the six-inch Ordnance Survey map; see Rennell, }{\i\insrsid7800816 Valley on the March}{\insrsid7800816 , pp. 58-63.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab TITLEY. Another part of the village is 24,6 in Elsdon Hundred; see Rennell, 'Domesday Manors', p. 134; Rennell, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Valley on the March}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , pp. 63-66.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab [LITTLE] BRAMPTON.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  So called to distinguish the place from Brampton Bryan which was in Shropshire in 1086.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab [LOWER] HARPTON. This place was not identified by }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 340. The Domesday form is }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Hercope }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 which appears as }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Herecopton }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in later records (Rennell, 'Domesday Manors', p. 145; Rennell,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Valley on the March}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, pp. 70-71) associated with Knill manor and eventually merged with it. The place-name probably represents an Old English place-name in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 hop }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('a valley') with, say, the Old English personal name }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Heahric }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 or}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Hearca}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 to which Middle English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 ton }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (Old English }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 tun}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is added. Middle English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Herecopton}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 reduced to }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Harpton}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 seems to be the origin of the name which, at some juncture as yet unascertained, has replaced }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Ortune}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
/'Horton' (see 9,13 Harpton note) and}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Hertune}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 /'Horton'; see 24,3 Harpton note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab HARPTON. }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Hertune }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday; }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Hortona }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
in the margin of the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 65). On the name-form, see 9,13 Harpton note and 24,3 Lower note. Harpton is now in Wales, Lower Harpton remains in Herefordshire.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab NASH. The Domesday form is }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Hech}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  and it was left unidentified by }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 340. }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday Gazetteer
}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  has Nash.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab CLATTERBRUNE.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  Thus identified by }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ; }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, i. p. 340, left it unidentified. The Domesday form }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Clatretune }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 represents Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 tun }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 with an early instance of the element }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 clater }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('loose stones', 'a clatter', 'a noisy stream'; see }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 English Place-Name Elements}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. under }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 clater}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
), named from the Clatterbrook, the river which flows immediately to the south of Presteigne. The name now survives as a house-name Clatterbrune House (age of name not yet known, etymology not yet ascertained).}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab "QUERENTUNE".}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Probably representing hypothetical Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 cweorn-tun }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
('mill-stone farm'), that is, a mill-site or a place noted for having or quarrying millstones; but a different commodity may be on hand. If the form were a mistake for }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Quenen-}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 the first element could be Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 cwene}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 genitive singular }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 cwenan}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }
{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('a woman', 'a quean'). The site is quite unknown. Rennell in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Valley on the March}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, p. 73, and 'Domesday Manors', p. 146, speculates on its position from the possible 'itinerary' of the Domesday Commissioners.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab CASCOB.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  In the sixteenth 
century Cascob was an Ancient Parish in Radnorshire. It had been placed there in 1536 on the dissolution of the Marcher lordships. Cascob included the township of Litton and Cascob. This township was partly in Herefordshire until 1844 when this portion wa
s also transferred to Radnorshire. This reflects an earlier complexity. In addition to the present waste \'bd
 hide here, held by Osbern son of Richard, said to lie in "Hezetre" Hundred and on the Welsh March, a half-hide at Cascob, also held by Osbern son of R
ichard, was in Leintwardine Hundred in Shropshire in 1086 (SHR 5,6) but soon began to be moved into Marcher jurisdiction There is insufficient detail in the entries to determine whether the entries are duplicates, but to survey the same vill or two parts}
{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 o
f the same vill in different counties suggests an unclear boundary between Shropshire, Herefordshire and Wales. A natural boundary in this area would be the River Lugg: Norton and Ackhill surveyed in Shropshire lie to the north of it; Discoed and Clatterb
rune in Herefordshire to the south. Yet Pilleth on its north side is surveyed in Herefordshire and Cascob on its south side in both counties. See \{Introduction: The County Boundary\}; Eyton, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Antiquities of Shropshire}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 , iv. pp. 302, 304, xi. p. 341. In }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , iv. no. 221 of Hugh }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 de Mortuo Mari}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Cascop }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 is counted as a part of Herefordshire, as also in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , iv. no. 235, where it is numbered among the hamlets of Radnor. By contrast, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Pullid }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (Pilleth) is there counted in Shropshire.}{\insrsid7800816 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab \tab If the two Domesday entries for Cascob were indeed separate estates, it is possible that the present one actually lay at Litton.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab THE WELSH MARCH. See 9,13 March note and \{Introduction: The Welsh Border: Political Geography\}.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 24,4\tab LYE. See 1,10c Lye note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 24,5\tab WASTE LANDS. The lands have been waste long enough for a wood suitable for hunting to grow. The devastation in this area was probably caused during the invasion of Gruffydd ap Llywelyn recorded by the Anglo-Saxon Chron
icle for 1052; see \{Introduction: The Welsh Border: History\}.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab HAS FROM IT WHAT HE CAN CATCH. See 29,16 for a similar right; compare WOR 2,15;22.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 24,6\tab TITLEY. See 24,3 Titley note;}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab LAND FOR 6 PLOUGHS. Or possibly '7 ploughs': there is a large dot after }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 vi }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in the manuscript, written level with the top of the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 vi }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
instead of in its usual position level with the bottom. See 19,3 smallholders note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 24,7\tab NEWTON. The place is said to be near Bredwardine in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 340, and near Clifford in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
. The Domesday village is in Stretford Hundred and this identifies Newton in Dilwyn, near Weobley, held as \'bd hide in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 804, from the honour of Richards Castle.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab RICHARD SCROPE. See 12,1 Richard note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 3 OXEN. See 1,50 oxen note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 24,8\tab STAUNTON[-ON-ARROW]. The "Stepleset" hundred head points to Staunton-on-Wye (see 10,55;57) which is the identification of }{\i\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 340, and}{\i\insrsid7800816 
 Domesday Gazetteer}{\insrsid7800816 . However, the marginal entry in the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 65), }{\i\insrsid7800816 Vure Stanton' et Maldelega}{\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\insrsid7800816  }{\insrsid7800816 
points to Staunton-on-Arrow, in "Hezetre" Hundred (see 9,11). }{\i\insrsid7800816 Vure }{\insrsid7800816 is 'Upper' (Old English }{\i\insrsid7800816 uferra}{\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\insrsid7800816  }{\insrsid7800816 
adjective: 'higher', 'over'), perhaps a temporary distinction from the other Staunton, perhaps indicating that this holding was on the hill above the river. }{\i\insrsid7800816 Maldelega }{\insrsid7800816 
must be Mowley (SO3360) in Staunton parish. Mr Coplestone-Crow cites an }{\i\insrsid7800816 Inquisitio post mortem }{\insrsid7800816 of 1287 (ii. no. 640), where this holding appears as Staunton and }{\i\insrsid7800816 Moldelege}{\insrsid7800816 .}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab SEISYLL. Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Saissil}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Saisi}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 probably from Old Welsh }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Seisill}
{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ; see von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid7800816 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid7800816 , }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 p. 351.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 24,10\tab WHYLE. See 10,15 manor note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 24,11\tab LYDE. See 2,44 Lyde note. The holding was }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Lyde Prior}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
the monks of Hereford annotated in the margin of the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 66) being of St Peter's, Hereford.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab ROGER [OF] LACY. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 In the interlineation }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 de }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 has been omitted in error before }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Laci}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 \tab SEISYLL. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 See 24,8 Seisyll note.}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 24,12\tab LUDFORD. A 'Wolfhay' hundred head has apparently been omitted, since in }{\i\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\insrsid7800816 , p. 809, land is held in }{\i\insrsid7800816 Ludeford }{\insrsid7800816 
of the honour of Richards Castle; see }{\i\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 341 note 102.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 \tab \tab }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
The Herefordshire/Shropshire boundary south of Ludlow was probably formed by the River Teme in 1086. Soon after Domesday Ludford and an area lying to the south including part of Richards Castle was transferred to Shropshire a
nd this was enlarged in the late nineteenth century; see \{Introduction: The County Boundary\}
. This whole area had belonged in 1086 to Osbern son of Richard Scrope, lord of Richards Castle, and continued in the barony. Five hides in the castlery surveyed in Munslow Hundred (Shropshire) in 1255 (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Rotuli Hundredorum}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 , ii. pp. 69-70) contained }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Wllerton\rquote  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (Woofferton, SO5268) and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Asford Budlers }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (Ashford Bowdler, SO5170), held by Henry }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 de Budlers}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ; }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Overton and Hulle }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (Overton, SO5072 and \lquote Hill\rquote ); }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Mora }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (Moor Park, SO5071); }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Bachecot\rquote  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (Batchcott, SO4970); }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Whitebroc }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (unidentified) and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Turford }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (unidentified); see }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Rotuli Hundredorum}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , ii. p. 72; Hall, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Red Book of the Exchequer}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , ii. pp. 603-604; }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 965; }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Feudal Aids}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 , iv. pp. 224, 229, 246; }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. no. 439, ii. no. 640, iv. no. 221, v. nos. 57-58, x. no. 251; Eyton, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Antiquities of Shropshire}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 , v. pp. 224-33. Eyton mistakenly identified }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Lude }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (24,11) with Ludlow rather than with Lyde. See Weyman, 'Ludford'; and SHR 5 Osbern note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 24,13\tab [RICHARDS] CASTLE. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 For }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Auretone}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 see 12,2 castle note. For the castle, see \{Introduction: Castles\}.}{
\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 25\tab GILBERT SON OF TUROLD. Perhaps the same man as Gilbert of Bouill\'e9, see WAR B2 Gilbert note. He was a fairly important follower of Earl William, holding l
and in Worcestershire, Gloucestershire and Somerset, as well as the odd manor in Warwickshire, Cambridgeshire and Essex. In WOR 11,2 (Sheriffs Lench) he is said to have collected the gold for the king's use (}{\i\insrsid7800816 
qui aurum recepit ad opus regis}{\insrsid7800816 ).}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 25,2\tab THE THIRD PART OF A MILL. Almost certainly an error for 2 mills, the remaining two-thirds being given at 10,19 and 21,6 with the same revenue, 14s 8d.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab WHICH PAYS. The Latin is }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 redd}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 en}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ]}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 tis}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
 (genitive), referring to the mill, but in fact it is the third part which is worth 14s 8d (see 10,19), the whole mill paying 44s.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 25,4\tab [THE] BAGE.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  The principal medieval manor of Bach, formerly Bach or the Bach; the new (phonetic) spelling first appears on post-war seventh edition one-inch Ordnance Survey maps. The name is common 
in the Golden Valley area. See Bannister, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Place-Names of Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 11; }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 English Place-Name Elements}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. under }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 bece}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 3 HIDES. [***]. See 1,9 hides note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 1 HAWK AND 2 DOGS. This render appears to take the place of the normal 'value'
\par \tab statement; see 1,3 hawk note and 6,8 value note. Compare SHR 4,27,4 hawk note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 25,5\tab MIDDLEWOOD. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 The Domesday form is }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Midewde}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ; the form in the margin of the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 67) is }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Midelwud}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 ; see 6,9 'Middlewood' note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 25,6\tab TURNED BACK INTO WOODLAND. The Latin is }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 in siluam est }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ...}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  redacta}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , which is}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
perhaps to be translated 'reverted to woodland', implying a natural process; compare the woods grown on waste lands in 24,5.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 25,7\tab 112 PLOUGHS. This figure of 112 ploughs (a doubling of the hidage fig
ure, as in other entries in the county) seems to be the ideal number if all the land were under cultivation. Much was waste in 1086 and less than 40 ploughs are mentioned in the entries relating to the Golden Valley; see 25,7 hides note.}{
\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 56 HIDES. The words }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 .l.vi. hidis}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ablative, are interlined and are in apposition to }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 In Valle Stradelie}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 The total of hides for those places that seem to have been in the Golden Valley is 59 hides 2 virgates, represented by the entries at 2,54-56. 10,16-18. 14,6. 19,4-5. 23
,2-4. 25,4-6. 29,6-10. Of these, 4 hides at 25,6 pay nothing. Such figure discrepancies in Domesday are not uncommon.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab PAID TAX. Or perhaps 'pay tax', as }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 geld' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 can abbreviate both the present and the past tenses. The subject is taken to be the 56 hides. The }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 7 geld' }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 appears to have been added later, as there is a full-stop after }{\i\f713\cf1\insrsid7800816 caruc\'ea }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 geld' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
is mostly written in the central margin and rather compressed; the addition must have been fairly early as }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 7}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 geld' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
is lined through in red like the rest of the entry.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab AFTER THIS ENTRY, a whole line between it and the hundred head for 25,8 seems to have been erased, though the parchment is very rough all round here; the gap above the}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
hundred head is not printed in Farley.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 25,8\tab "CHETESTOR".}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Possibly a corruption of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Testestorp }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
(see 10,68 Tedstone note), that is, Tedstone Delamere where 2 hides are held by William }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 de la Mare }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 from the Earl of Hereford in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, p. 806. If this is so, part or all of the land may have belonged to the Church of Hereford, which had held 2 \'bd hides at Tedstone (2,3 hides note).}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 25,9\tab 2 }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 HIDES WHICH PAY TAX. EARL WILLIAM GAVE THESE. In the manuscript }{\i\f713\cf1\insrsid7800816 hid\'ea }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is written over an erasure and is black and smeared; the}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
 geld'.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Has }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 has been added and is squeezed in before the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Com'}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab A FORTIFIED HOUSE. See 10,46 house note. The earthwork called Lemore Mount (SO3151) in Eardisley may be the site in question; see Nelson, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Normans in South Wales}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 71; }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. pp. 226-27.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 26\tab IN THE MANUSCRIPT the chapter number is written correctly as }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 xxvi}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 but the red }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 i}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
 is written on top of the large dark brown }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 I }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Ilbertus }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
(the scribe having begun the number too close to the text), which is probably why Farley missed it; it is not very clear in the Ordnance Survey facsimile either.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 26,1\tab WULFWARD HELD IT [***]. In the manuscript there is a space for three or so letters after }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 tenuit}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
perhaps left intentionally as there is no }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 punctus}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  after }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 tenuit}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ; compare 21,6 held note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 1 \'bd HIDES. [***]. See 1,9 hides note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 6 SMALLHOLDERS. In the manuscript the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 vi }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 has been corrected from some word or perhaps}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 figure and is partially written in the right margin.}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 26,2\tab CLEHONGER. See 21,7 Clehonger note. The land in Dinedor Hundred was probably at }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Hunegarestun' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (Hungerstone, SO4435), held in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 812, by Robert }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 le Rus}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 the margin of the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 68, see p. 79) giving }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
R. Rus }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 as holder of the manor.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 27\tab HERMAN OF DREUX. Dreux is in the d\'e9partement of Eure-et-Loir, France.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 27,1\tab MARSTON. This place is given simply as Marston in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 341, and left unidentified by }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
. The absence of a hundred head makes it unclear whether the place was Marston in Pembridge (probably in Elsdon Hundred in 1086; see 19,8 Pe
mbridge note) or Marston Stannett in "Plegelgete" Hundred (see 10,71 Marston note. 14,12 Marston note. 32,1 Marston note). In }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, pp. 803, 816, 2 hides in Marston are held in Stretford Hundred, a later amalgamation of Elsdon Hundred and "Hezetre" (see \{Introduction: Hundreds\}
), from the honour of Weobley by William Pichard. Although the Lacy family, whose lands later form the honour of Weobley, hold Marston Stannett (10,71) only the present entry has sufficient hides to be represented in the Book of Fees entry.}{
\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 28\tab HUMPHREY OF BOUVILLE. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Buiuile }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is probably Bouville near Rouen in the d\'e9
partement of Seine-Maritime, France, rather than one of the two Beuvilles in Calvados; see Tengvik, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Old English Bynames}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 78.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 29\tab HUGH THE ASS. The byname }{\i\insrsid7800816 Lasne }{
\insrsid7800816 ('the ass') is from Old French }{\i\insrsid7800816 asne }{\insrsid7800816 (which form occurs in 1,65; compare Modern French \'e2}{\i\insrsid7800816 ne}{\insrsid7800816 )}{\i\insrsid7800816  }{\insrsid7800816 
and the French definite article; the Latin form }{\i\insrsid7800816 asinus }{\insrsid7800816 
also occurs in Domesday, for example in WOR 27. Hugh probably came to England with William son of Osbern and served under him defending the English border against the Welsh. His heirs are the Chandos family and his lands formed the later honour of Snodhil
l named from the place in the Golden Valley (SO3240) where a castle was built to guard the northern entrance to the valley. See Galbraith and Tait, }{\i\insrsid7800816 Herefordshire Domesday}{\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\insrsid7800816  }{\insrsid7800816 
pp. 84-85 note. Snodhill was acquired by exchange for Hatfield (1,11) with Malvern Priory: }{\i\insrsid7800816 Monasticon Anglicanum}{\insrsid7800816 , iii. p. 448. }{\i\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\insrsid7800816 
, p. 814, gives a list of the fees held of the honour of Snodhill. Among them were a number of Domesday places but there is a further group - }{\i\insrsid7800816 Turneston' }{\insrsid7800816 (Turnastone), }{\i\insrsid7800816 Wirkebrok }{\insrsid7800816 
(Welbrook in Peterchurch), }{\i\insrsid7800816 Thurlokeshop' }{\insrsid7800816 (a lost place in Peterchurch) and }{\i\insrsid7800816 Haya Wiri }{\insrsid7800816 
(Urishay) - which probably corresponded to some of the places so far not identified in Hugh's Domesday holding.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 29,1\tab FROM THE SAID WULFWY. The Latin is }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 de Vluuino supradicto}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 :}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 not 'Wulfwin' (Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Wulfwine}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
but Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Wulfwig}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ; compare}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 HUN 2,7 }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Vluuine episcop}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 : 'to Bishop Wulfwy (of Dorchester)'. See von Feilitzen, }{
\i\insrsid7800816 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid7800816 ,}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  pp. 426-27.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab LEASED 1 HIDE. The land is probably at Bunshill (31,3) although the details differ.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab KING MAREDUDD. HIS SON GRUFFYDD. See HEF 31 Gruffydd note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 \tab GRUFFYDD [* BOY *]. Note to be supplied (JP).}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 29,2\tab 
FOWNHOPE. The land was granted by Hugh the ass to the Church of Lyre; see }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 276 note 80; }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Monasticon Anglicanum}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , vi. p. 1093. 5 \'bd
 hides are held at }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Fauue Hope }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 801, of the honour of Snodhill, possibly the 'member' here mentioned.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab BETWEEN THEM ... 25 PLOUGHS. The Latin does not make it clear whether the ploughs are shared by just the reeve, smith and carpenter or by the villagers, smallholders and priests as well.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab FISHERIES. The Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 piscarias }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (accusative) is in error for }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 piscariae }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (nominative).}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 29,3\tab ONE MANOR. The Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 69, see p. 120 note) identifies this in a marginal note as }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Acla monacorum de Lira}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 Ocle Lyre now Livers Ocle (SO5746). The confirmation grant by Henry I in 1100 is in Round, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Calendar of Documents}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  France}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 135 no. 402. }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Acle Lyre }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is held in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 807, from the honour of Snodhill. Part or all of 'Ocle' had once belonged to Worcester Church; see 10,5 Ocle note.}{
\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 \tab LEOFFLED [* WIFE OF THORKIL *]. See 7,1 Leoffled note.}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab SLAVES. The Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 servos }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 (accusative) is in error for}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  servi }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (nominative).}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 29,4\tab ONE MANOR. A marginal note in the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 69, see p. 121 note) reads }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 In hida Willelmi}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
The same phrase is applied to Westhide (8,8) and to "Lincumbe"}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (29,15) in similar marginal notes in the Herefordshire Domesday, thus identifying this manor as a part of Westhide, where land is held in }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 809, of the honour of Snodhill. Most of Westhide is in Radlow Hundred, but on the boundary with "Tornelaus" Hundred and this portion appears to have been in the latter hundred.}{
\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 \tab LEOFFLED [* WIFE OF THORKIL *]. See 7,1 Leoffled note.}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 29,5\tab SUTTON. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Part of Sutton St Nicholas or Sutton St Michael; see 7,3 Sutton note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 \tab LEOFFLED [* WIFE OF THORKIL *]. See 7,1 Leoffled note.}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 29,6\tab "BELTROU". The Herefordshire Domesday (Galbrait
h and Tait, p. 70, see p. 121 note) has }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Bestrov }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in the text and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Benitrou }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
in the marginal addition. The place has not been identified but there is said to be a wood of similar name on the ridge above Wilmastone at Godway (SO352410); see Marshall, 'Norman Oc
cupation'. On the relationship of the three forms, John Freeman observes a series of phonological and orthographical evolutions which would explain the variants and confirm their identity, but would leave the etymology in a 'highly speculative' state; the
y are between Old French }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 bel trove }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 'beautiful find' (compare the place-name Butterby in County Durham in Ekwall, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Dictionary of English Place-Names}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, under Butterby) and Old English hypothetical }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Bening-troh }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 or }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Bening-treow }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 'valley (literally 'trough'), or 'tree, at' or 'called }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Bening}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 ',}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Bening }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 being 'thing or place called after one }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Benna}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 '.}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Gilbert of Bacton gave }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Bautre }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 of the holding of Robert }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 de Chandos }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 to Dore Abbey (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Monasticon Anglicanum}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, v. p. 555) in whose possession Galbraith and Tait, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Herefordshire Domesday}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 70, shows it.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 \tab LEOFFLED [* WIFE OF THORKIL *]. See 7,1 Leoffled note.}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 29,7\tab "WLUETONE". The Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 70, see p. 121 note) has a marginal note }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 In Wuluetona ... Lenhal' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 identifying the place with a part of Lyonsha
ll in Peterchurch (SO3539).}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab LEOFFLED [* WIFE OF THORKIL *]. See 7,1 Leoffled note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 
2 HIDES [***]. See 1,9 hides note. The gap is larger than appears in Farley, as }{\i\f713\cf1\insrsid7800816 hid\'ea }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is written below }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 dimid' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 the line above.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 29,8\tab WILMASTONE. Probably included }{\i\insrsid7800816 
Thurlokeshop' }{\insrsid7800816 (Old English }{\i\insrsid7800816 hop }{\insrsid7800816 'valley' with an Anglo-Scandinavian personal name }{\i\insrsid7800816 Thurlac}{\insrsid7800816 ),}{\i\insrsid7800816  }{\insrsid7800816 
a lost place in Peterchurch, mentioned with it in }{\i\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\insrsid7800816 , p. 814, as held from the honour of Snodhill (see HEF 29 Hugh note).}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab LEOFFLED [* WIFE OF THORKIL *]. See 7,1 Leoffled note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 
2 SMALLHOLDERS ... 2 SMALLHOLDERS. Probably one of these is in error; the entry is not a neat one in the manuscript with }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 In d'nio sunt ii }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 written over an erasure.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab VALUE NOW. In the manuscript }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Modo}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ;}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Farley misprinted }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 modo}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 29,9\tab "ALMUNDESTUNE".}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 John Freeman observes that both this unidentified place and the next ("Alcamestune", 29,10) were somewhere in the Golden Valley; that the Domesday form }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Almundestune }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 represents Old English }
{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Alhmundes tune }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('at Alhmund's village or estate') and that }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Alcamestune }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is more likely to represent Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Alhhelmes tune }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('at Alhhelm's estate, etc.') than Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Alhmundes tune }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (as in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Almundestune}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ).}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Although the latter relationship is possible, for there is ample evidence in Domesday for reduction of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 -mund-}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 to }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 -men- }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
and a feasible model can connect }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 -men- }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 to }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 -ame}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 it is not necessary unless we are}{\insrsid7800816  }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 required to suppose the different name-forms represent the same place-name. More interesting is the likelihood that here we may have evidence of neighbouring estates named after men with personal names }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Alhmund}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Alhhelm}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 whose common theme suggests a family relationship. See Aymestrey (1,10a). "Almundestune"}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 with a priest and a church was perhaps Peterchurch, and certainly belonged to it since a marginal note in the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 70) says }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Sancti Petri }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
('of Saint Peter') referring to the 3 hides.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 
ALWARD HELD IT. There is no gap in the manuscript between }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 tenuit }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and the side marginal ruling, though because the place-name in Farley occupies less space than in the manuscript there appears to be a gap; }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 tenuit }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 has no full-stop after it, however (compare 21,6 held note and 26,1 held note).}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 29,10\tab "ALCAMESTUNE". See 29,9 "Almundestune" note. }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 342, tentatively identified this place as ?Chanstone; }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday Gazetteer}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816  left it unidentified.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 \tab 
LEOFFLED [* WIFE OF THORKIL *]. Note to be supplied (JP).}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 29,11\tab WELLINGTON.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
 Part of this holding or that at 29,14 was in Wootton (SO4848), held as }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Wudetun' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('farmstead or estate in or of woodland', Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 wudu }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 tun}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 from the honour of Snodhill in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 803.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 17 MEASURES OF SALT. See 1,7 measures note.}{
\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 29,12\tab THORKIL [* WHITE *]. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Almost certainly Thorkil White, Hugh's predecessor, as also at 29,16; see 1,65 Hugh note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 29,13\tab STRETTON. See 2,37 Sugwas note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab \'bd HIDE. [***]. See 1,9 hides note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 29,14\tab HUGH ALSO [HOLDS]. The Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 tenet }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is omitted in error.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 29,15\tab "LINCUMBE".}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 An unidentified place although it is mapped by }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
. In the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 71) a marginal }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 in hida W. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
is added, thus indicating a part of Westhide (see 29,4 manor note) this time in Radlow Hundred. The final element of the place-name is Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 cumb }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('a valley').}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 \tab LEOFFLED [* WIFE OF THORKIL *]. See 7,1 Leoffled note.}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 3 VIRGATES [***]. See 1,9 hides note.}{
\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 29,16\tab 'BERNALDESTON'. The place was not identified by }{
\i\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 343, or by }{\i\insrsid7800816 Domesday Gazetteer}{\insrsid7800816 . However, although it is now lost, it is found as }{\i\insrsid7800816 Bernaldeston'}{\insrsid7800816  in }{\i\insrsid7800816 
Feudal Aids}{\insrsid7800816 , ii. pp. 377, 392, 412. See Galbraith and Tait, }{\i\insrsid7800816 Herefordshire Domesday}{\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\insrsid7800816  }{\insrsid7800816 p. 71, see p. 122 note. Domesday }{\i\insrsid7800816 Bernoldune }{
\insrsid7800816 represents Old English }{\i\insrsid7800816 Beornwald-dune }{\insrsid7800816 ('upland tract called after one }{\i\insrsid7800816 Beornwald}{\insrsid7800816 ');}{\i\insrsid7800816  }{\insrsid7800816 the later form is 'Beornwald's village
 or estate', from Old English }{\i\insrsid7800816 tun}{\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\insrsid7800816  }{\insrsid7800816 Identified as Barland (SO2862) by Charles, }{\i\insrsid7800816 Non-Celtic Place-Names in Wales}{\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\insrsid7800816  }{
\insrsid7800816 p. 172.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab THORKIL [* WHITE *].}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  See 29,12 Thorkil note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 2 HIDES. There is an erasure in the manuscript after }{
\i\f713\cf1\insrsid7800816 hid\'ea }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and the scribe has drawn a line to join the }{\i\f713\cf1\insrsid7800816 hid\'ea }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 to the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 silua }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
to indicate that he did not intend to add anything in the space. Farley did not always print these link-lines; see 1,65 gave note and 21,7 ploughs note.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 
MAY KEEP WHAT HE CAN CATCH. Compare 24,5 and 24,5 catch note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 29,18\tab 1 HIDE AND 1 VIRGATE OF LAND. The }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 i hid' 7 i v'}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  is written over an erasure in the manuscript; }{\i\f713\cf1\insrsid7800816 t'r\'ea }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is interlined because of lack of space.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 29,19\tab "LEGE".}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 A lost 'Lea' or 'Ley' in Elsdon Hundred where there are a number of modern places with this termination, for example, Hurstley, Kinley, Red Ley. See Galbraith and Tait, 
}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Herefordshire Domesday}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , pp. xxii, 122.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab \'bd HIDE WHICH PAYS TAX. In the manuscript there is a small erasure between }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 hida }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 geld'}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ;}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 the gap caused by it is not shown in Farley.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 29,20\tab THIS ENTRY may have been added later as it is written below the bottom marginal ruling and slightly into the central margin.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab IN SELLACK HUNDRED ... STRANGFORD. Domesday has }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Sulcet }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 for the hundred name and }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Etone }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
for the place; above the place-name the Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 71, see p. 122 note) has }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 St}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 ra}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ]}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 ngef'}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 343, tentatively identified the place as ?Eaton in Foy; }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  left it unidentified.
\par }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab \tab }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 The hundred head occurs only here in Domesday Herefordshire and has been thought to represent an alternative name for another hundred. Anderson, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 English Hundred Names}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 163, regards a corruption of a hypothetical}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Wulfei }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (for 'Wolfhay') as possible, but the hone
y renders suggest a place in the Welsh area. There is an Eaton Hill in Vowchurch (SO3735). John Freeman notes: 'The meaning of the place-name is the same as that of Eaton in Foy [19,7 Eaton note], that is, Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 ea-tun }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('farmstead by or near a river').
\par \tab \tab The supposition that the place is in a Welsh area would make Anderson's suggestion that }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Sulcet }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is a corruption of hypothetical }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Wulfei }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
('Wolfhay') Hundred unlikely, since the latter is in the north-eastern part of Herefordshire ... The word }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 St}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 ra}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ]}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 ngef' }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 .... the editors of the Herefordshire Domesday take to be the name of a later unidentified tenant (Galbraith and Tait, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Herefordshire Domesday}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, p. 122). It is possible, however, that this represents a place-name .... by which the Domesday manor }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Etone }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 was k
nown at the time of the later annotation. Not far from Foy there is a place Strangford (SO5828). No early forms ... have been published, and it is possible that this is the place called }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Etone }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
in Domesday and annotated as }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 St}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 ra}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ]}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 ngef' }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in the Herefordshire Do
mesday. Furthermore, it is now in the parish of Sellack, which is }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Lann Sulucc}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 c}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 . 1130 in the Book of Llan D\'e2v (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 sic}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 not }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Sulac }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 as given in Bannister, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Place-Names of Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 169). This is a Welsh name meaning '}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Suluc's }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 church', }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Suluc }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 being a hypocoristic form of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Suliau }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 or }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Tysilio}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 to whom the church is dedicated; see Ekwall, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Dictionary of English Place-Names}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , under Sellack. It is possible that the }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Sulcet }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 Hundred in which }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Etone }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is placed .... is to be associated with this early form of Sellack. }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Sulcet }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 may be a misreading of }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Suluc }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 itself, or it may contain a Welsh suffix or terminal element, or }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Suluc }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 may have been gallicized by the addition of the Old French suffix }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 -et}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ; see }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 English Place-Name Elements}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. under -}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 et}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 . If the above suggestions are valid, i
t would be possible to regard Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Edtune }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 [see 19,7 Eaton note] as the same name as Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Etone}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
but to accept that they represented two distinct manors in Domesday, one of which, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Etone}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
was later renamed Strangford. It is clear that to verify this, the manorial history of Strangford will have to be examined in detail'.
\par \tab \tab If this suggestion proves to be correct, Sellack 'Hundred' will have been, like Wormelow 'Hundred' (1,61 Wormelow note)
, an English manorial intrusion into Archenfield. Hill of Eaton lies east of the River Wye, in Foy parish which spans the river. The village of Foy itself, like Sellack and Strangford, lies to the west of the river. Although Foy was later in the English H
undred of 'Greytree', it was formerly counted as a part of Archenfield (see }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Feudal Aids}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , ii. p. 404) and the Welsh form of the name given in the Book of Llan D\'e2v (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Lannimoi}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Lanntivoi}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 suggests an original dedication of its church to a Welsh saint, St Moi or St Mwy; see Ekwall, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Dictionary of English Place-Names}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , under Foy. If the hundred name }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Sulcet }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
represents Sellack, then Sellack and Strangford will have been separated parts of this small 'hundred', divided from each other by Baysham (1,54) which is surveyed by Domesday as part of Archenfield.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 30\tab URSO OF ABETOT. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 From Abetot in the d\'e9
partement of Seine-Maritime, France. Urso was the brother of Robert the bursar, and sheriff of Worcestershire, being called Urso of Worcester in GLS 65,1. He was probably also constable; see Round, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Geoffrey de Mandeville}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 , pp. 313-15. He helped to crush the revolt of Earl Roger of Hereford in 1075. See WOR 26 Urso note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 30,1\tab WICTON.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Wigetune}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  is identified by }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 343, as Wigton and by }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
 as Wickton (in Stoke Prior parish, near Hope-under-Dinmore, SO5254). But this Wickton is some distance from the western edge of "Plegelgete" Hundred. Wicton in Bredenbury is a more likely identification. John Freeman observes: 'Domesday }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Wigetune }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 probably represents the Old English personal name }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Wi}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 c}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 ga}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Wigga }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .... with Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 tun}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Formally, the first element could be Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 wigga }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('a beetle'), but this can be discounted on semantic}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 grounds in a composition with the habitative element }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 tun}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 Wickton in Stoke Prior, though spelled Wickton}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in the first edition of the one-inch Ordnance Survey map, is given as Wigton}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in Bannister, }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Place-Names of Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , and Baddeley, \lquote Herefordshire Place-Names\rquote , and if this represents a local pronunciation or traditional spelling the identification with Domesday }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Wigetune }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 would present no difficulties. There is also a Wig Wood near Wickton on modern Ordnance Survey maps, and this may go back to Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Wicgan-wudu }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
('Wicga's wood'). A pronunciation }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Wick-}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 on the 
other hand, would imply the unvoicing of [g] to [k], possibly under the influence of the following unvoiced [t] of the second element. In order to confirm an identification of Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Wigetune }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
with Wicton in Bredenbury one would need some early forms in }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Wig-}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 since the name might otherwise go back to Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 wic-tun }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('farmstead with a }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 wic}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 )';}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 see}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  English Place-Name Elements}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , ii. under }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 
wic-tun}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  wic}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 '.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab BY EXCHANGE. The exchanged land does not seem to be mentioned elsewhere in Domesday Herefordshire.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 31\tab GRUFFYDD SON OF MAREDUDD. Maredudd ab Owain ab Edwin of the house of Hywel ab Edwin was king of Deheubarth }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 c}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
. 1063 having succeeded Gruffydd ap Llywelyn (1,49 Gruffydd note). He seems to have allied himself with Earl William and was rewarded with estates i
n England. He was killed in 1071 on the banks of the river Rhymney by Caradoc ap Gruffydd ap Rhydderch with Norman help. He was succeeded by his brother Rhys ab Owain then by Rhys ap Tewdwr (A10 Rhys note). Maredudd's son Gruffydd lived as an exile on his
 father's English estates and was killed in 1091 by Rhys ap Tewdwr while trying to recover his Welsh kingdom; see \{Introduction: The Welsh Border: History\}. Apart from the lands he held in chief, he held "Alac"}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 (1,34-35) from the king and part of Kings Pyon from Roger of Lacy (10,50). In both the latter cases the Herefordshire Domesday enters in the margin the same later holders as for Gruffydd's holdings in the present chapter.}{
\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 31,1\tab "MATEURDIN".}{\i\insrsid7800816  }{\insrsid7800816 
The same form occurs at 1,67. The Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 72, see p. 122 note) assimilates this name to Marden (Domesday }{\i\insrsid7800816 Maurdine}{\insrsid7800816  in}{\i\insrsid7800816  }{\insrsid7800816 
C 3. 1,4. 10,11. 16,4. 35,l; see Ekwall, }{\i\insrsid7800816 Dictionary of English Place-Names}{\insrsid7800816  under Marden) by giving }{\i\insrsid7800816 Mauuerdin }{\insrsid7800816 in the text and in the margin. The correct form seems to have been }{
\i\insrsid7800816 Mathewurda' }{\insrsid7800816 (Galbraith and Tait, }{\i\insrsid7800816 Herefordshire Domesday}{\insrsid7800816 , p. 21 = Domesday 1,67) or }{\i\insrsid7800816 Mathewordin }{\insrsid7800816 
in the later hidage schedule (Galbraith and Tait, }{\i\insrsid7800816 Herefordshire Domesday}{\insrsid7800816 , p. 79) of the lands of 1,66-71. Perhaps the }{\i\insrsid7800816 Mauuerdin }{\insrsid7800816 form is by mistake, reading }{\i\insrsid7800816 
\'fe}{\insrsid7800816  (}{\i\insrsid7800816 th}{\insrsid7800816 ) as a wynn (}{\i\insrsid7800816 w}{\insrsid7800816 , }{\i\insrsid7800816 uu}{\insrsid7800816 , }{\i\insrsid7800816 u}{\insrsid7800816 );}{\i\insrsid7800816  }{\insrsid7800816 but }{
\i\insrsid7800816 Mau-uerdin }{\insrsid7800816 could represent }{\i\insrsid7800816 Mav-w- }{\f713\insrsid7800816 with [v] for [\'f0], from a hypothetical form }{\i\insrsid7800816 Math-worthign }{\insrsid7800816 with voiced }{\i\insrsid7800816 th}{
\insrsid7800816 .}{\i\insrsid7800816  }{\insrsid7800816 As an element }{\i\insrsid7800816 Math}{\insrsid7800816 (}{\i\insrsid7800816 e}{\insrsid7800816 )}{\i\insrsid7800816 - }{\insrsid7800816 
still eludes identification. The final element exhibits the alternation of Old English }{\i\insrsid7800816 worth }{\insrsid7800816 (}{\i\insrsid7800816 -wurda}{\insrsid7800816 )}{\i\insrsid7800816  }{\insrsid7800816 and }{\i\insrsid7800816 worthign }{
\insrsid7800816 (}{\i\insrsid7800816 -urdin}{\insrsid7800816 , -}{\i\insrsid7800816 uerdin}{\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\insrsid7800816  -worden}{\insrsid7800816 );}{\i\insrsid7800816  }{\insrsid7800816 see }{\i\insrsid7800816 English Place-Name Elements}{
\insrsid7800816 , ii. under }{\i\insrsid7800816 worth}{\insrsid7800816  and }{\i\insrsid7800816 worthign}{\insrsid7800816 .}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 
THE THIRD PART OF 2 HIDES. The rest of the land is described in 1,67; see Galbraith and Tait, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Herefordshire Domesday}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 21.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 31,2\tab "CURDESLEGE".}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Identified by }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
, i. p. 343, tentatively as ?Kinnersley, but there are grounds for thinking that the latter is Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Elburgelega }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (9,15 Kinnersley note). }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
 left it unidentified. The Domesday form probably represents Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Cuthredes-leage }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ('at Cuthred's }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 leah}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ').}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 31,3\tab BUNSHILL. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 See 29,1 hide note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 31,4\tab MANSELL [LACY]. For the identification, see }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 Galbraith and Tait, }{\i\insrsid7800816 Herefordshire Domesday}{\insrsid7800816 , p. 123 note, and 10,56 Mansell note . }{\i\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 343, i
dentified this and the 'Mansell' in the next entry (31,5) as Mansell Gamage and }{\i\insrsid7800816 Domesday Gazetteer }{\insrsid7800816 offered both Mansell Lacy and Mansell Gamage for both.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 31,5\tab MANSELL [LACY]. See 31,4 Mansell note.}{\insrsid5851405 

\par }{\insrsid7800816 31,6\tab STOKE [BLISS].}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  The Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 72, see p. 123 note) adds the later holder as }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 G. de Blez }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
in the margin. This supersedes the tentative identification of }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 343 with Stoke (?Prior).}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 31,7\tab LYE. The }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Blez }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 family, who held other lands of Gruffydd later, had a connection with Upper Lye, but see Galbraith and Tait, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Herefordshire Domesday}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 123 note, and 1,10c Lye note. The Herefordshire Domesday (Galbraith and Tait, p. 73) has an unexplained name }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Putangle }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in the margin.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab OWEN <OF LYE>. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 From Old Welsh }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Oue}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 (}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 i}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 n}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ; see }{\insrsid7800816 
von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid7800816 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid7800816 , }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 p. 342. This is the only occurrence of this name in Domesday Book.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab THEY WERE WASTE. }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Wasti erant }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 is a mistake for }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 wasta erant}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 correctly referring to }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 maneria}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab RALPH OF MORTIMER. His holding is cross-referenced at 9,14.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 32\tab [LAND] OF RAINER. The scribe omitted }{\i\insrsid7800816 Terra }{\insrsid7800816 probably through lack of space caused by the interlineation of }{\i\insrsid7800816 carpent'}{\insrsid7800816  ('the carpenter')}{\i\insrsid7800816  }
{\insrsid7800816 above }{\i\insrsid7800816 Rayner'}{\insrsid7800816  in 32,1.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 32,1\tab MARSTON [STANNETT]. In "Plegelgete" Hundred, see 10,71 Marston note. }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 344, left the place as plain Marston and}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Domesday Gazetteer}
{\cf1\insrsid7800816  does not identify it.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 \tab LUDI.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  For the name, see von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid7800816 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid7800816 , }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 p. 321.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 33\tab THIS CHAPTER and the following three (HEF 34-36) are numbered and headed in the List of Landholders, folio 179b;}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
they are numbered here, but the scribe did not leave himself room to insert the headings.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab CHARBONNEL. A French surname; see Reaney, }{\i\insrsid7800816 Dictionary of British Surnames}{\insrsid7800816 ,}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  p. 64; Dauzat, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Dictionnaire des Noms de Famille et Pr\'e9noms}{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 111, under Carbonnell.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 33,1\tab NOAKES. }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Lacre}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ; see 2,3 Noakes note. It is not identified by }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 VCH Herefordshire}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , i. p. 344, or by}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 34,1\tab WULFNOTH.}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  The Domesday form is }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Oruenot}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ;}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 see von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid7800816 
Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid7800816 ,}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  \'a7 60.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab 4 CATTLE. Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 animalia}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 commonly called }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 animalia otiosa }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
('idle animals') elsewhere, that is, beef or dairy cattle in contrast to ploughing oxen, 
though occasionally they seem to be oxen (see SOM 25,41 plough note; CON 4,23 plough note; and perhaps in WOR 19,9 and here they take the place of the ploughteam statement). Cattle and other animals were counted in the surviving circuit returns (the }{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Liber Exoniensis}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  (Exon) and Little Domesday), but were normally omitted from Great Domesday, except to make a particular point, as probably in}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 
HRT 31,8 where a catalogue of livestock etc. is given for land appropriated wrongfully}{\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 by Bishop Odo.}{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 34,2\tab AELFEVA. Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Aueue}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 probably a mistake for }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Auueue}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ;}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{
\cf1\insrsid7800816 other Domesday forms include }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Aelueua}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\insrsid7800816  }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Elueua}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  Elfgiua}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  
}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 from Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 \'c6lfgifu}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ; see von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid7800816 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid7800816 ,}{\cf1\insrsid7800816  \'a7 64 and p. 173.}{
\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab VALUE WAS 3s. In the manuscript }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 iii solid'}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ;}{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Farley misprinted }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 iiii solid'}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 .}{
\i\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 35\tab 
STEPHEN [* SON OF FULCRED *]. Note to be supplied (JP).}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid7800816 35,1\tab 1 VIRGATE ... IN MARDEN. See 1,4 virgate note.}{
\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\insrsid7800816 36,1\tab MADOC. }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Madoch }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 in the List of Landholders, folio 179b; }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Madoc }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 here. From Old Welsh }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Matoc}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ,}{
\i\cf1\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 Welsh}{\insrsid7800816  }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Madog}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 ; see von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid7800816 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid7800816 , }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 p. 325.}
{\cf1\insrsid5851405 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 \tab ASHPERTON. The land was at Little Ashperton; see }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 809; Galbraith and Tait, }{\i\cf1\insrsid7800816 Herefordshire Domesday}{\cf1\insrsid7800816 , p. 73, see p. 124}{
\insrsid7800816  }{\cf1\insrsid7800816 note.}{\insrsid5851405 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5851405 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7800816 
\par }}