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In red, across the top of the page, spread above both columns: }{ \i\cf1\insrsid425480 Sudssexe }{\cf1\insrsid425480 on folio 22 ab, }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Sudsexe }{\cf1\insrsid425480 on all other folios (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }\pard \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 {\cf1\insrsid11889890 \par }{\cf1\insrsid425480 L15\tab ALDRED. His single holding is included in SUS 14}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 in the text (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 1,1\tab EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{ \insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid425480 \tab 8s 10d. Domesday uses the English currency system which remained in use until 1971. The pound}{\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 contained 20 shillings, each of 12d. The abbreviations \'a3.s.d. preserved the Domesday terms }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 librae }{\cf1\insrsid425480 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 solidi}{\cf1\insrsid425480 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 denarii}{\cf1\insrsid425480 (JRM).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\cf1\insrsid425480 1,2\tab HOLDING. See 11,8 holding note (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 \tab EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 2\tab ARCHBISHOP [* OF CANTERBURY *]. }{\cf1\insrsid425480 Of Canterbury. The }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Domesday Monachorum}{\cf1\insrsid425480 , written about 1100, assembles documents closely}{\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 related to Domesday, almo st all concerning Kent. The pages, photographed in the modern edition, are numbered in a recent hand, and the manuscript distinguishes sections by huge capital letters. The top of the third column on page 10 (folio 5v; Douglas, }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 The Domesday Monachorum}{\cf1\insrsid425480 , p. 99) gives eight entries in other counties. 1 Croydon, 2 Mortlake and Hayes, 3 Harrow are in Middlesex; 4-8 Malling, (West) Tarring, Pagham, Lavington, and Tangmere are in Sussex. The text reads, with a stroke (/) marking the ends of lines:}{ \insrsid425480 \par }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 \tab \tab }{\cf1\insrsid425480 (4) }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Mellinges }{\i\f710\cf1\insrsid425480 de firm' .c. lib'. Gabl\'fb }{\cf1\insrsid425480 /}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 x. lib' & .x & .ix. sol'}{\cf1\insrsid425480 .}{ \i\cf1\insrsid425480 & .xxx }{\cf1\insrsid425480 / }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 sol' archiep'o. De}{\cf1\insrsid412510 }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 c'stum' .iiii. }{\cf1\insrsid425480 /}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 lib'. & .xiiii. sol'. }{\cf1\insrsid425480 / \par \tab \tab (5)}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Terringes de firm' .x. & .viii. }{\cf1\insrsid425480 /}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 lib'. Buresto .viii. }{\cf1\insrsid425480 /}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 lib'. }{\cf1\insrsid425480 / \par \tab \tab (6) }{\i\f710\cf1\insrsid425480 Pagah\'e2 de frm' .Ixxx. lib'. }{\cf1\insrsid425480 /}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Gabl' .viii. lib'. De c'stum' }{\cf1\insrsid425480 /}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Ix. sol' }{\cf1\insrsid425480 / \par \tab \tab (7) }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Louentune de firm' .x. & .viii }{\cf1\insrsid425480 /}{\i\f710\cf1\insrsid425480 lib'. Gabl\'fb .xxxv. sol'. De }{\cf1\insrsid425480 /}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 c'stum' .xxiiii. sol'. }{\cf1\insrsid425480 / \par \tab \tab (8) }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Tangemere de firm' .x. lib'. }{\cf1\insrsid425480 /}{\i\f710\cf1\insrsid425480 & .i. unci\'e2 auri}{\cf1\insrsid425480 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 & .xl. sol'. }{\cf1\insrsid425480 /}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 numerant' pro .ii. hidis os}{\cf1\insrsid412510 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 /}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 mellini.}{\cf1\insrsid425480 \par \tab The }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 firma }{\cf1\insrsid425480 of the }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Domesday Monachorum}{\cf1\insrsid425480 closely matches the }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 valet }{\cf1\insrsid425480 of Domesday. In 1086 the value of Malling was \'a3 70; if the values of the archbishop's men are additional, \'a318 10s plus the omitted value of 'Alchin', which, if at the same rate as the only other virgate holding (2,lg), would be 30s, a total of \'a390. Godfrey had held Malling }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 ad firmam pro }{\cf1\insrsid425480 \'a390. The }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Domesday Monachorum}{\cf1\insrsid425480 gives }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 a firma }{\cf1\insrsid425480 of \'a3100. At Pagham and Lavington, the }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Domesday Monachorum firma }{\cf1\insrsid425480 and Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 valet }{\cf1\insrsid425480 are identical. At Tarring, the }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Domesday Monachorum}{\cf1\insrsid425480 has \'a318, Domesday's two holdings \'a3 18 10s between them. The }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Domesday Monachorum}{\cf1\insrsid425480 has \'a310 for Tangmere, while Domesday has \'a3 6 on 6 hides, but notes that it answered for 10 hides before 1066. Most, and probably all the men who held from the archbishop in Sussex, except for William of Keynes, with a single virgate, are listed among the archbishop's }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 milites }{\cf1\insrsid425480 in the }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Domesday Monachorum}{\cf1\insrsid425480 (Douglas, }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 The Domesday Monachorum}{\cf1\insrsid425480 , p. 105). Domesday omits the lesser dues claimed by the }{ \i\cf1\insrsid425480 Domesday Monachorum}{\cf1\insrsid425480 , amounting to a little over a tenth of the }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 firma }{\cf1\insrsid425480 at Malling and Pagham, but one third at Lavington. The }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Domesday Monachorum}{ \cf1\insrsid425480 omits the manors held by or for the monks and the Malling Canons (2,3;4;8) (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 2,1a\tab [SOUTH] MALLING.}{\cf1\insrsid425480 Malling (later Loxfield) Hundred and [South] Malling manor were coextensive; the constituent}{\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 villages or outliers in the same Rape are not named (JRM).}{ \cf1\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 \tab GODFREY [!2! OF MALLING !2!].}{\cf1\insrsid425480 Called Godfrey of Malling in the }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Domesday Monachorum}{\cf1\insrsid425480 's version of Domesday Kent (JRM).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 2,1e\tab WALTER [* OF RICARVILLE *]. }{\cf1\insrsid425480 Probably of Ricarville, listed among the archbishop's }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 milites}{\cf1\insrsid425480 ;}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 see 10,60 Walter note (JRM).} {\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 2,1f\tab CANONS OF ST MICHAEL'S. }{\cf1\insrsid425480 Of [South] Malling (JRM).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 2,1g\tab WILLIAM OF KEYNES. }{\cf1\insrsid425480 Probably Cahagnes in Calvados: Tengvik, }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Old English Bynames}{\cf1\insrsid425480 , p. 79. He or his descendants named Horsted Keynes, Milton Keynes in Buckinghamshire, and many other places in England (JRM).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\cf1\insrsid425480 2,2\tab THE OTHER PART. See 10,99, Burleigh (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }{\cf1\insrsid425480 2,5\tab PAGHAM. A frequented residence of the archbishop; see, for example, Rule, }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Eadmeri}{\cf1\insrsid425480 }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Historia Novorum}{\cf1\insrsid425480 , p. 198 [translated in Bosanquet and Southern, }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Eadmer's History of Recent Events in England}{\cf1\insrsid425480 , p. 212] (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }{\cf1\insrsid425480 \tab 1 PIG FROM EACH VILLAGER WHO HAS SEVEN PIGS. So in parts of Surrey (SUR 19,23. 30,l); elsewhere in Surrey one in ten (SUR 19,1 1); but at Bishopstone (3,1) and perhaps parts of Surrey and Middlesex, one in three (MDX 2,1 pigs note; SUR 1,2 pigs note). The 'Survey of the manor of Tidenham, Gloucestershire' (Robertson, }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{ \cf1\insrsid425480 , no. cix, pp. 204-207, 451-54 = Birch, }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Cartularium Saxonicum}{\cf1\insrsid425480 , no. 928 = Kemble, }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Codex Diplomaticus}{\cf1\insrsid425480 , no. 461), probably eleventh century, required three of the first seven pigs, thereafter one in ten (JRM).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 \tab A CHURCH IN CHICHESTER.}{\cf1\insrsid425480 Probably All Saint's in the Pallant (JRM).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 \tab OSMELIN.}{\cf1\insrsid425480 The }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Domesday Monachorum}{\cf1\insrsid425480 [Douglas, }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 The Domesday Monachorum}{\cf1\insrsid425480 , p. 99]}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 assigns him 2 hides in Tangmere, at 40s; Pagham and Tangmere adjoin (JRM).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 2,7\tab LAVANT. }{\cf1\insrsid425480 Both East Lavant and West Lavant; see }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Place-names of Sussex}{\cf1\insrsid425480 , i. p. 50 (JRM).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 2,9\tab [WEST] TARRING. The}{\cf1\insrsid425480 }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Domesday Monachorum}{\cf1\insrsid425480 [[Douglas, }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 The Domesday Monachorum}{\cf1\insrsid425480 , p. 99]}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 }{ \cf1\insrsid425480 lists }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Buresto }{\cf1\insrsid425480 under Tarring, evidently as an outlier. The place should be}{\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 Burstow in Surrey (TQ3141), }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Burestou }{ \cf1\insrsid425480 in 1121: }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Place-names of Surrey}{\cf1\insrsid425480 , p. 286. Other Sussex manors had Surrey outliers, see 11,36 Compton note (JRM).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\cf1\insrsid425480 3\tab MANUSCRIPT error, }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 II}{\cf1\insrsid425480 for }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 III}{\cf1\insrsid425480 (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }{\cf1\insrsid425480 3,1\tab 1 PIG IN 3. See 2,5 pig note (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 \tab HAROLD . If Harold son of Earl Ralph of Hereford is excluded, the name Harold was uncommon among 1086 landowners so it is unlikely that any tena nt-in-chief had two tenants of the same name. Despite the distance between them, therefore, both these estates (3,1;3) were probably held by the same individual, one of the bishop's men-at-arms (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid425480 \tab 10s [[10d?]]. In the manuscript }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 x sol' }{\cf1\insrsid425480 is perhaps an error for }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 x den'}{\cf1\insrsid425480 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 See 12,45 value note (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 3,2\tab WILLIAM [A MAN-AT-ARMS?].}{\cf1\insrsid425480 Evidently the }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 miles }{\cf1\insrsid425480 named below. The gap in the manuscript, with possible}{\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 traces of deletion, is too long for }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 miles}{\cf1\insrsid425480 ;}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 it has room for a byname (JRM).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 3,3\tab HAROLD . See 3,1 Harold note (JP).}{ \insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 3,5\tab HUSCARL. }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Huscarle }{ \cf1\insrsid425480 ('guard') is not uncommon as a personal name (JRM).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 3,8\tab [EAST?] WITTERING.}{\cf1\insrsid425480 The bishop held the eastern portion of Selsey peninsula, including}{\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 one Wittering, as Somerley Hundred; Earl Roger held the western portio n, including the other Wittering, as Wittering Hundred. Earl Roger's repulsive son forfeited his lands in 1102, and in all later records the bishop held both [estates in] Wittering. Since Somerley itself is listed in Wittering Hundred, this hundred was pr obably a recent and temporary creation. Since all other Domesday Sussex hundreds are a geographical unit, it is probable that the Wittering in the bishop's eastern hundred in 1086 was East Wittering (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }{\cf1\insrsid425480 \tab SITES. }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Hagae}{\cf1\insrsid425480 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 probably in Chichester; the figure is too large for rural hunting enclosures (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }{\cf1\insrsid425480 5,1\tab RYE. The modern name is a corruption of Middle English }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 at ther eye}{\cf1\insrsid425480 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 since the place was}{\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 an island in marshes until the fourteenth century (see }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Place-names of Sussex}{\cf1\insrsid425480 , ii. p. 536), and is probably Domesday's 'new borough'. It was formed from the earlier manors of }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Rameslie }{ \cf1\insrsid425480 and }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Brede}{\cf1\insrsid425480 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 probably replacing the earlier borough of (}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 H}{\cf1\insrsid425480 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Eorepeburnan}{ \cf1\insrsid425480 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 east of Hastings, see \{Introduction: The Rapes\}. The account of the borough is omitted; see 9,13 burgesses note (JRM).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 5,2\tab [* EARL *] HAROLD. The name Harold is one of the most common in Domesday Book, occurring over 700 times; but it probably represents fewer than 20 individuals, of whom Earl Harold Godwinson is overwhelmingly the most significant, Harold son of Earl Ralp h of Hereford being the only other individual of any consequence. In a large number of cases, unfortunately, the scribe has not given Harold his title. In Essex, Norfolk and Suffolk, for instance, he is described as earl only once in each county (ESS B3k. NFK 3,2. SUF 68,1) though he undoubtedly held a large number of estates in all three, possibly all but two of those recorded in the three counties. In the Godwinson heartland of Sussex, there is little doubt about the identity of the earl where his title i s omitted, either the status of the holdings (5,2. 13,7;11), his lordship over men (13,23;25;28), or manorial or family links (10,23;93) confirming his identity. Elsewhere, too, there are surprisingly few cases where there is real cause for uncertainty ab o ut identifying the earl: the royal estates, the larger manors, the lordship over men, his territorial predominance in some areas, association with members of his family, and relationships between estates, serve to distinguish him in the majority of cases; but see BUK 17,22 Harold note. Ann Williams, 'Land and Power', discusses Harold's estates and those of his men; and Clarke, }{\i\insrsid425480 English Nobility}{\insrsid425480 , pp. 164-91, lists them. Clarke tends to omit the dependencies where Harold is not explicitly named, or holdings na med only in satellite texts (CON 4,2. KEN 2,5;41;43). He has also omitted the following: BUK 3a,5. 26,11. 30,1. CHS 8,41. ESS 1,23. HEF 1,56. 17,2. HRT 1,15. 5,5. HUN 13,1-3. NFK 8,33. 9,178; 233. 20,8;19;24;31. 21,16;22;33-34. 22,2-8. 26,3. NTT 3,1-3. OX F 58,30. SUF 1,119. 36,3;5-7;15. 38,21. 39,17. 67,12;17. 76,6;20;23. SUR 26,1. WIL 18,2. 41,1; and the entries for GLS 30,1 and 50,3 have been confused (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 5,3\tab COUNTESS GODA. King Edward's sister; see 11,4 Gytha note (JRM). \par \tab \tab See also 9,23 Goda note (JP)..}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 6\tab BISHOP OSBERN [OF EXETER]. Bishop of Exeter }{\cf1\insrsid425480 1072-1103. Brother of Earl William of Hereford. He was a chaplain}{\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 of King Edward when he first received Bosham (JRM).}{ \insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 6,1\tab BOSHAM. }{\cf1\insrsid425480 See also HAM 5,1 'Bishop Osbern of Exeter holds Farringdon}{\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 [SU7135] from the k ing. Godwin the priest held it from King Edward. It belongs to the church of Bosham' (JRM).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 \tab HUGH SON OF RANULF HOLDS 30 HIDES. }{\cf1\insrsid425480 See 12,42, Plumpton (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 \tab RALPH OF QUESNAY, 17 HIDES. }{\cf1\insrsid425480 See 12,33, Saddlescombe (JRM).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\cf1\insrsid425480 \tab ACQUIRED IT. After 1066, since he had already relinquished the hides outside the Rape,}{\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 presumably at King William's confirmation of existing holdings, probably early in 1067 (JRM).}{ \cf1\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 \tab [WEST] THORNEY. }{\cf1\insrsid425480 West Thorney, in contrast with Thorney in East Wittering; see }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Place-names of Sussex}{\cf1\insrsid425480 , i. p. 62 (JRM).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 6,4\tab [EAST] LAVINGTON.}{\cf1\insrsid425480 Also called Woolavington (JRM).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 8\tab LAND OF BATTLE CHURCH.}{\cf1\insrsid425480 The site of the abbey is not entered. It may have been Branshill ('Bramble Hill',}{\insrsid425480 }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Brembelshulle c}{\cf1\insrsid425480 . 1240: }{ \i\cf1\insrsid425480 Place-names of Sussex}{\cf1\insrsid425480 , ii. p. 496), preserved as a farm name on the hill above the abbey, since under the abbey's only Surrey holding (Limpsfield, SUR 11,1 and SUR 11,1 "Brameselle" note), Domesday records that }{ \i\cf1\insrsid425480 Brameselle }{\cf1\insrsid425480 ('Bramble Hill') belonged to it before 1066. If the site of the abbey was an outlier of a Surrey manor, that manor was necessarily granted to the abbey (JRM).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 8,1\tab YOUNG ALNOTH [* OF KENT *]. }{\cf1\insrsid425480 Or Aethelnoth, of Canterbury, a prominent Kentish noble (JRM).}{\insrsid425480 Young Alnoth, or Alnoth of Kent, was a major landholder in 1066, with several very large holdings in Kent, Sussex, Surrey, Hampshire and Oxfordshire. Apart from the scale of his individual manors he is nearly always distinguished by the title }{\i\insrsid425480 cilt}{\insrsid425480 (Young) and by the fact that every one of his holdings devolved upon the Bishop of Bayeux apart from the huge manor of Bramley (8,1) used to endow Battle Abbey, and a small property in Buckinghamshire (BUK 17,25) where an Alnoth the Kentishman was lord of the pre-Conquest holder, Edstan. It was probably the modest scale of thi s holding and its acquisition by a tenant-in-chief other than Odo which caused Peter Clarke to omit this Alnoth from his list: }{\i\insrsid425480 English Nobility}{\insrsid425480 , pp. 237-38. However, this is almost certainly Alnoth of Kent. Apart from the description, 'Kentishman', his man Edstan did occur elsewhere on the fief of the Bishop of Bayeux (ESS 18,43), and the name is rare enough to make it likely that this is the same individual, despite the distance between the properties (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 8,2\tab YOUNG ALNOTH [* OF KENT *]. See 8,1 Alnoth note (JP).}{ \insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid425480 8,3\tab THIS ENTRY and those following as far as 8,16, are in small writing (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }{\cf1\insrsid425480 \tab IN HIS RAPE. Possibly meaning Hastings Rape, in which Battle lies; but possibly meaning the }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 leuga}{\cf1\insrsid425480 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 territory or 'Liberty', of the abbey, for whose government and taxation the abbot was responsible, as were the lords of Rapes in their Rapes (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }{\cf1\insrsid425480 \tab 6 HIDES. Possibly a total of the following entries: 8,4-11 total 6 hides; 8,12-15, 2 \'bd hides, are possibly those of 8,16 (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 \tab WULFBALD.}{\cf1\insrsid425480 See }{\insrsid425480 von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid425480 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid425480 , p. }{\cf1\insrsid425480 418.}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 \tab EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid425480 8,5\tab BATHURST. See }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Place-names of Sussex}{\cf1\insrsid425480 , ii. p. 496. The }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 s}{\cf1\insrsid425480 and }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 g}{\cf1\insrsid425480 of }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Wasingate }{\cf1\insrsid425480 do not greatly differ in shape (JRM).}{ \cf1\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 8,11\tab CATSFIELD. }{\cf1\insrsid425480 Population and value are omitted, by accident or because it was waste (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }{\cf1\insrsid425480 8a\tab THE FIEF was added at the foot of the page, written across both columns, in three lines, without number, presumably because the rest of the numbers had already been entered (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 9,1\tab EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{ \insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid425480 \tab REINBERT. Sheriff of Hastings: }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 VCH Sussex}{\cf1\insrsid425480 , i. p. 352 (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 \tab "WERELC". }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Werelc }{\cf1\insrsid425480 probably for }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Werenc}{\cf1\insrsid425480 (JRM).}{\insrsid425480 \par }{\cf1\insrsid425480 \tab \tab In the Phillimore printed edition this name was given as Waring (?). If at some stage in the Domesday process this name had been written }{\i\f710\cf1\insrsid425480 Wer\'e7c}{\cf1\insrsid425480 (= }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Werenc}{\cf1\insrsid425480 , which might represent Old German }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Warin}{\cf1\insrsid425480 ; see Forssner, }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Continental-Germanic Personal Names}{\cf1\insrsid425480 , pp. 246-47, although he does not give this form) it might have been wrongly extended to }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Werelc}{\cf1\insrsid425480 . A }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Werenc}{\cf1\insrsid425480 was t he Count of Eu's subtenant in 9,2;4. Alternatively, if it had been written }{\i\f710\cf1\insrsid425480 Wen\'e7c}{\cf1\insrsid425480 (= }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Wenenc}{\cf1\insrsid425480 , a Norman French personal name: Forssner, }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Continental-Germanic Personal Names}{\cf1\insrsid425480 , p. 251) - in caroline minuscule }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 n}{\cf1\insrsid425480 and }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 r}{\cf1\insrsid425480 , when succeeded by another letter, can easily be confused - the subtenant in the present entry might be the same as the }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Wenenc}{\cf1\insrsid425480 who held from the count in 9,8;11 and the }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Wen(n)enc }{\cf1\insrsid425480 the priest in 9,6;14;26. However, in view of the uncertainty over this name it has been decided in the present edition to keep to the Domesday form. The Alecto edition has Werelc here and Werenc for 9,2;4.}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 9,2\tab "WERENC". See 9,2 "Werelc" note.}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid425480 9,3\tab WIBERT. Possibly father of William son of Wibert, }{ \i\cf1\insrsid425480 vicecomes comitatus}{\cf1\insrsid425480 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 evidently sheriff}{\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 of all Sussex, early in the twelfth century; see }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 VCH Sussex}{ \cf1\insrsid425480 , i. p. 352 (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 \tab OSWARD [* OF NORTON *]. Osward, probably the sheriff of Kent (KEN 1,1), is named as having full jurisdiction in western Kent (KEN D25); he was the predecessor of the Bishop of Bayeux in Kent and Essex and probably also o f the only two other holdings of an Osward in Kent, the two substantial manors of Crayford and Sellindge, the former held from the archbishop of Canterbury according to the }{\i\insrsid425480 Domesday Monachorum}{\insrsid425480 , and the latter acquired by Hugh de Montfort. Crayford was adja cent to the royal manor of Dartford where Osward the sheriff was active, and Sellindge was in western Kent. Moreover, two wealthy landowners with an uncommon name in one county is unlikely, three very improbable (JP). \par \tab \tab It has been observed that in the abs ence of documentation - almost always the case with Anglo-Saxon landowners - the search for connections which may indicate a identification 'starts with a scattering of dots across the map of England': Lewis, 'Joining the Dots', p. 80. In the case of Oswa r d, the dots are highly indicative: two concentrations, one in Kent, Sussex and Surrey, the other in western England. Otherwise the map is blank apart from a solitary dot in Nottinghamshire. In the south-east, this pattern offers indications of identificat i on where the usual clues - tenurial associations - fail, due the manner in which the Conqueror carved up Kent and Sussex in particular, and they point to a limited number of individuals, possibly only one. The wealthy manor at Walkingstead (SUR 15,2), and the substantial ones at Addington (SUR 34,1), Pangdean and Ratton (10,35. 12,32), point in the same direction. Additionally, two tenant-in-chief acquired a holding from an Osward in Claverham, and each had one other holding in the neighbourhood from an Os w ard. Finally, there are three holdings along the south coast of Sussex held by an Osward at both dates (12,24;27) or in 1086 (9,14): more than one survivor with an uncommon name in a limited area is improbable. These three holdings are interspersed with t h ose already discussed, forming a line across southern Sussex and Kent between Muntham (13,15) in the west and Sellindge in the east. It seems more likely than not that the bulk of these holdings, possibly all of them, had belonged to the same individual, allowed to survive on a fraction of his former holdings by his supplanters, as was often the case elsewhere. See also Clarke, }{\i\insrsid425480 English Nobility}{\insrsid425480 , whose list omits the holding recorded in the }{\i\insrsid425480 Domesday Monachorum}{\insrsid425480 and also SUS 9,4 and 12,24;27;32 (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 9,4\tab "WERENC". See 9,2 "Werelc" note.}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 9,8\tab NORTHMANN . The name Northmann is not common in the south-east, where all references have been identified as the magnate who had significant legal privileges in eastern Kent (KEN D17). All the holdings of North mann in Kent, Surrey and Sussex were held directly from the Crown, and several were of a status appropriate to a magnate of regional importance. Although they devolved upon a number of tenants-in-chief, the substantial manors of Nettlestead, Mereworth, Bl e an, Annington and Camberwell are more likely to have been held by one man rather a number of different wealthy individuals with an uncommon name. There can be less confidence with the smaller properties; but if Peter Clarke is correct in his identificatio n , Northmann was one of the many Anglo-Saxon magnates permitted to survive on a fragment of their previous estates, holding a small part of the manor of Frankwell he had previously held in its entirety, serving moreover as one of a number of men-at-arms in the entourage of the Norman who had supplanted him: Clarke, }{\i\insrsid425480 Domesday Nobility}{\insrsid425480 , p. 325 (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid425480 9,11\tab BISHOP ALRIC. Or Aethelric, of Selsey, 1057-1070 (JRM). }{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 \tab ANSKETIL [* OF RIEUX *]. Note to be supplied (JP).}{ \insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid425480 9,13\tab 20 BURGESSES. Presumably of Hastings (JRM).}{ \cf1\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 9,14\tab OSWARD [* OF NORTON *]. See 9,3 Osward note (JP).}{ \insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid425480 9,15\tab 4 \'bd HIDES. The 1086 holdings total 4 \'bd hides, the 1066 assessment (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }{\cf1\insrsid425480 9,16\tab [***] HOLDS. The holder's name is omitted, presumably accidentally (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }{\cf1\insrsid425480 \tab \tab As the main scribe of Great Domesday did not leave a space, it is possible that Goldwin continued to hold a small part of 'Cortesley' in 1086. (A Goldwin was a 1086 holder in OXF B10 and ESS B3a.)}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 9,18\tab EARL HAROLD. See 5,2 Harold note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 9,21\tab EARL HAROLD. See 5,2 Harold note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 9,22\tab GOD [* COUNTESS GODA *].}{\cf1\insrsid425480 }{ \insrsid425480 The Domesday form, }{\i\insrsid425480 God}{\insrsid425480 , represents Old English }{\i\insrsid425480 God}{\insrsid425480 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid425480 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid425480 , p. 262. However, it is possible that in this instance }{\i\insrsid425480 God}{\insrsid425480 is a scribal error for }{\i\insrsid425480 Goda}{\insrsid425480 , the name of the 1066 holder of the adjacent estate in the next entry (9,23); }{ \i\insrsid425480 VCH Sussex}{\insrsid425480 , i. p. 398, suggests this by putting God(a). The Phillimore printed edition has Goda, as has the Alecto edition. JRM's note does not mention the Domesday form: 't}{\cf1\insrsid425480 he name could be mascul ine or feminine; if feminine, it might mean Countess}{\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 Goda, whose name is commonly written }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Goda}{\cf1\insrsid425480 , with }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 comitissa }{\cf1\insrsid425480 usually added above}{\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 the line in correction, possibly here overlooked'.}{\insrsid425480 \par \tab \tab See also 9,23 Goda note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 9,23\tab [* COUNTESS *] GODA. Countess Goda wa s the sister of Edward the Confessor, wife of Drogo, Count of Mantes, and mother of Earl Ralph of Hereford; she was probably dead by 1049: see Williams, 'The King's nephew', pp. 327-43 for her lands and family. \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 \tab \tab The name, though fairly common, probably re presents few individuals which helps to identify the countess where her title has been omitted, although there are complications where the scribe appears to have confused the names }{\i\insrsid425480 God}{\insrsid425480 , }{\i\insrsid425480 Goda}{ \insrsid425480 , }{\i\insrsid425480 Gode}{\insrsid425480 , }{\i\insrsid425480 Golde}{\insrsid425480 , and even }{\i\insrsid425480 Godo}{\insrsid425480 : see Palmer, 'Great Domesday on CD-ROM', }{\i\insrsid425480 Domesday Book}{\insrsid425480 , ed. Hallam and Bates, p. 215. Every Goda in the Godwinson heartland of Sussex, however, was probably the countess. In five cases (9,78;80;96;101) the holdings lay in vills where the countess held under her full name, and in several of th ese she was succeeded by a tenant with the uncommon name of Reinbert. In two other cases (9,23. 10,42), the holdings were substantial ones and close to several others held by the countess. Only Birchgrove is a doubtful. Here (10,110) the holding is tiny a nd somewhat isolated from the other properties of the countess. Even here, however, the holding was had been held in freehold from the Crown and was subinfeudated to an tenant with the same name as her successor on another holding. Additionally, the }{ \i\insrsid425480 God}{\insrsid425480 o of 9,115 and the }{\i\insrsid425480 God}{\insrsid425480 of 9,22 may have been the countess since both holdings were close to other holdings of hers and both were subinfeudated to the Reinbert who had acquired several other of her manors. In Devon, the Goda who preceded Ralph of Feug\'e8res was v ery probably the countess, who was his predecessor in Buckinghamshire and Surrey also. In Gloucestershire, it is improbable that the fief of Sigar of Chocques was acquired from two separate individuals named Goda, and the countess is identified in the fir st entry on the fief. Clarke, }{\i\insrsid425480 English Nobility}{\insrsid425480 , omits Countess Goda from his lists (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 9,27\tab EARL LEOFWIN. See 13,36 Leofwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 9,28\tab EYELID. }{\cf1\insrsid425480 The hundred boundary evidently cut through its lands; the value, not}{\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 stated, is probably included in 9,27 (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 \tab EARL LEOFWIN. See 13,36 Leofwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 9,29\tab EARL LEOFWIN. See 13,36 Leofwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 9,32\tab NORTHMANN . See 9,8 Northmann note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 9,34\tab COUNTESS GODA. See 9,23 Goda note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 9,35\tab [IN THE RAPE OF PEVENSEY]. }{\cf1\insrsid425480 See \{ Introduction: The Outliers\} (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 9,37\tab COUNTESS GODA. See 9,23 Goda note (JP).}{ \insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid425480 9,39\tab WILTON ABBEY. In Wiltshire, a women's house, richly endowed and rebuilt in stone}{\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 by Queen Edith, consecrated in 1065; see Freeman, }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Norman Conquest}{\cf1\insrsid425480 , ii. p. 520. Domesday}{ \insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 shows that the Sussex grants were not confirmed by King William (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 9,40\tab COUNTESS GODA. See 9,23 Goda note (JP).}{ \insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 9,42\tab EARL HAROLD. See 5,2 Harold note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 9,43\tab EARL HAROLD. See 5,2 Harold note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 9,44\tab COUNTESS GODA. See 9,23 Goda note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 9,45\tab COUNTESS GODA. See 9,23 Goda note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid425480 9,47\tab 1 FURLONG. }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Quarentina}{ \cf1\insrsid425480 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 a fourth part, or quarter, commonly used in Domesday for measurements}{\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 of length, as a quarter of a league. Elsewhere, for a quarter of a virgate, Domesday uses English}{\insrsid425480 }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 ferlang}{\cf1\insrsid425480 , in Sussex,}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 ferdinc }{\cf1\insrsid425480 (10,117), }{ \i\cf1\insrsid425480 ferding }{\cf1\insrsid425480 (11,22), etc. The word is also used for a}{\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 quarter of a borough, see 9,107 quarter note (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }{\cf1\insrsid425480 9,49\tab [EAST] DEAN. It is probable that all Countess Goda's land in }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Dene }{\cf1\insrsid425480 (2 hides less 1 virgate:}{\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 9,44;49;80) were East Dean, as expressly stated in 9,44, with the 10 hides of 10,33-34}{\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 constituting West Dean (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 \tab COUNTESS GODA. See 9,23 Goda note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 9,50\tab COUNTESS GODA. See 9,23 Goda note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 9,52\tab COUNTESS GODA. See 9,23 Goda note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 9,59\tab EARL HAROLD. See 5,2 Harold note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid425480 9,60\tab AS A HOLDING. See 11,8 holding note (JRM).}{ \cf1\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 9,61\tab [IN THE RAPE OF PEVENSEY].}{\cf1\insrsid425480 See \{Introduction: The Outliers\} (JRM).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 9,66\tab COUNTESS GODA. See 9,23 Goda note (JP).}{ \insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 9,67\tab COUNTESS GODA. See 9,23 Goda note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 9,68\tab COUNTESS GODA. See 9,23 Goda note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 9,70\tab COUNTESS GODA. See 9,23 Goda note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 9,72\tab COUNTESS GODA. See 9,23 Goda note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 9,73\tab JEVINGTON. }{\i\insrsid425480 Lovingetone }{\insrsid425480 for }{\i\insrsid425480 Iovingetone. }{\insrsid425480 The Domesday script, and the returns which it copied, easily confused capital }{\i\insrsid425480 I }{\insrsid425480 and }{\i\insrsid425480 L}{\insrsid425480 ; so also with Yeverington and Lavant, si milarly spelt, and with }{\i\insrsid425480 Luet }{\insrsid425480 (Lidham: 9,106;113) (JRM).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 \tab COUNTESS GODA. See 9,23 Goda note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 9,74\tab EARL HAROLD. See 5,2 Harold note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 9,78\tab [* COUNTESS *] GODA. See 9,23 Goda note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 9,80\tab [* COUNTESS *] GODA. See 9,23 Goda note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 9,82\tab COUNTESS GODA. See 9,23 Goda note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 9,83\tab 'DRIGSELL'.}{\cf1\insrsid425480 See Burleigh, 'Deserted Medieval Villages in East Sussex', p. 77 (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 9,86\tab NORTHMANN . See 9,8 Northmann note (JP).} {\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 9,87\tab AZUR . Azur was one of the wealthiest thanes in southern E ngland, his large estate centred in Sussex but spread as far afield as Gloucestershire. The bulk had been held directly from King Edward though several holdings were held from Earls Godwin and Harold. The division of Sussex into Rapes which cut across Ang l o-Saxon tenurial arrangements make it impossible to be certain that every one of the Sussex holdings belonged to the same Azur; but the fact that he held from both the King and the earls in the three Rapes where most of his holdings lay, and that he had l a rge manors in all of them, indicate the majority if not all of these holdings were his. The key to his identification in Gloucestershire, Wiltshire, and Surrey, and the link between these counties and his Sussex manors, is provided by a Gloucestershire en t ry (GLS 1,63) which reveals that Azur sold this manor to the Godwinsons and that it was held illegally in 1086 by Edward of Salisbury, on whom Azur's estates in Wiltshire and some in Surrey devolved. With one exception, the remaining holdings in Surrey, a ll substantial, were acquired by Richard of Tonbridge; they all lay between Edward of Salisbury's two manors and it is likely they had belonged to same individual. The remaining manor (SUR 8,30), valued at \'a3 6, had been granted by Azur to Chertsey Abbey for his soul's sake, the act of a wealthy man. Finally, the three Hampshire properties acquired by Hugh of Port were freehold properties of substance, as was the Berkshire manor of Eddington (BRK 1,28), retained by King William. It may be coincidental but it is apparent that all the tenants-in-chief who shared Azur's holdings held official positions, as sheriffs or lords of liberties. See also Williams, }{\i\insrsid425480 The English and the Norman Conquest}{\insrsid425480 , pp. 105-106 (who argues that Edward's predecessor may have been a relative of his); Clarke, }{\i\insrsid425480 English Nobility}{\insrsid425480 , p. 255-57; and OXF 18,1 Azur note. (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 9,88\tab [IN THE RAPE OF PEVENSEY].}{\cf1\insrsid425480 See \{ Introduction: The Outliers\} (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 9,93\tab BURGHAM. }{\cf1\insrsid425480 Perhaps Burgham in Etchingham in 'Henhurst' Hundred; but not listed after}{\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 9,82, with Reinbert's other manor in 'Henhurst' Hundred. It might be a Pevensey outlier; or a lost}{\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 place in Pevensey Rape (JRM).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 9,94\tab OSWARD [* OF NORTON *]. See 9,3 Osward note (JP).}{ \insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 9,96\tab [* COUNTESS *] GODA. See 9,23 Goda note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 9,97\tab AZUR . See 9,87 Azur note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 9,99\tab COUNTESS GODA. See 9,23 Goda note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 9,100\tab [* COUNTESS *] GODA. See 9,23 Goda note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 9,101\tab [* COUNTESS *] GODA. See 9,23 Goda note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 9,104\tab EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 9,105\tab ROBERT OF ULCOMBE. }{\cf1\insrsid425480 Ulcombe is in Kent.}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 9,106\tab LIDHAM.}{\cf1\insrsid425480 }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Luet}{\cf1\insrsid425480 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 explicitly entered under both Baldslow Hundred and Guestling Hundred; therefore Lidham, on the border between these hundreds (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 \tab EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid425480 \tab [HE HAS]. }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Habet }{ \cf1\insrsid425480 omitted before accusative }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 villanum}{\cf1\insrsid425480 (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }{\cf1\insrsid425480 9,107\tab 1 QUARTER. }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Unum Ferlang. }{\cf1\insrsid425480 Assessed at 6 hides, value \'a36. Not a quarter of a virgate;}{\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 and not a place-name. When spelt, as here, with a capital letter, }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Ferding}{\cf1\insrsid425480 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 or }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Ferling}{\cf1\insrsid425480 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 }{ \cf1\insrsid425480 a quarter, is also used for a 'quarter' or 'ward' of a borough, (for example, HUN B1;7, and Winchcombe, GLS 12,10). Here it probably refers to Hastings, on the border of Guestling Hundred, or possibly to Rye (JRM).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 \tab EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 9,108\tab EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 9,109\tab EDNOTH . Tenants named Ednoth survived on five estates in 1086, two of them in Sussex, both held from the same tenant-in-chief and so probably both held by the same individual. The othe r survivors were too distant, and their holdings too modest, to be linked to their Sussex namesake (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 9,110\tab EDNOTH . See 9,109 Ednoth note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid425480 9,114\tab CLAVERHAM. In }{\insrsid425480 "Edivestone"}{ \cf1\insrsid425480 Hundred, Pevensey Rape. Perhaps entered here}{\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 because William so returned his two small holdings; but see 9,115 "}{\insrsid425480 Hailesaltede" }{\cf1\insrsid425480 note (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 \tab OSWARD [* OF NORTON *]. See 9,3 Osward note (JP).}{ \insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid425480 \tab THEIR VALUE. The plural, }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 valuer}{ \cf1\insrsid425480 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 unt}{\cf1\insrsid425480 ],}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 is unusual (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }{\cf1\insrsid425480 9,115\tab IN "HAILESALTEDE}{\insrsid425480 "}{\cf1\insrsid425480 HUNDRED. The two places named [9,115-116] are nowhere near this hundred;}{\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 Chalvington, and possibly also 'Heighton', are in Pevensey Rape. Perhaps a Domesday mistake.}{\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 But it may be that a manor in "}{\insrsid425480 Hailesaltede" Hundred}{\cf1\insrsid425480 , to which these places were outliers, has been}{\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 omitted; if so, the heading may be misplaced, and should have come before 9,114. Such}{\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 misplacement is not uncommon in Domesday (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 \tab [COUNTESS GODA *]. See 9,23 Goda note (JP).}{ \insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 9,116\tab 'HEIGHTON'. }{\cf1\insrsid425480 Perhaps the lost }{ \i\cf1\insrsid425480 Hecton }{\cf1\insrsid425480 or }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Heghton }{\cf1\insrsid425480 in Beckley, in 'Goldspur' Hundred, Hastings}{\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 Rape (see }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Place-names of Sussex}{ \cf1\insrsid425480 , ii. p. 527). Possibly South Heighton in Pevensey Rape, which is however}{\insrsid425480 }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Estone }{\cf1\insrsid425480 in Domesday (10,47) (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 9,119\tab SASWALO . The name Saswalo occurs on thirteen holdings in Domesd ay Book, probably representing three or four individuals. The tenant of this minuscule holding in Sussex is unlikely to be connected to any of the other, distant holdings (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid425480 9,120\tab 5 VIRGATES ARE FOREGONE. }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Retro} {\cf1\insrsid425480 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 literally either 'in arrears' (of tax), or 'on the other hand', in}{\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 either case equivalent to 'outside the Rape', usually implying 'never paid tax' (JRM).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 9,121\tab EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{ \insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid425480 9,122\tab SEDLESCOMBE. Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Salescome }{\cf1\insrsid425480 ;}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Selescome }{\cf1\insrsid425480 in 9,125-127. Entered under Staple Hundred}{\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 in Hastings Rape, therefore Sedlescombe in that Rape and hundred; see }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Place-names of Sussex}{\cf1\insrsid425480 , ii. p. 524. But in all these entries, Domesday states that it 'was outside the Rape' (of Hastings). It was therefore an outlier of a manor in another Rape, probably }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Salescome }{ \cf1\insrsid425480 (Saddlescombe) in Lewes Rape, which had itself belonged to Bosham Church immediately before 1066; see 12,33 Godwin note. }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Place-names of Sussex}{\cf1\insrsid425480 , ii. p. 524, suggests a different etymology for the two place-names, on the basis of an alleged 'persistent }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 e }{\cf1\insrsid425480 ' spelling in Sedlescombe; but }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 e }{\cf1\insrsid425480 and }{ \i\cf1\insrsid425480 a }{\cf1\insrsid425480 spellings are used indifferently for both places (JRM).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 \tab COUNTESS GODA. See 9,23 Goda note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 9,123\tab OSWARD [* OF NORTON *]. See 9,3 Osward note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid425480 \tab \'bd HIDE. }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Una }{\cf1\insrsid425480 ['one']}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 underlined for deletion (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 9,125\tab COUNTESS GODA. See 9,23 Goda note (JP).}{ \insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 9,126\tab COUNTESS GODA. See 9,23 Goda note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid425480 9,127\tab AND [WHO] HOLDS. Or 'held'; }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 ten }{\cf1\insrsid425480 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 et}{\cf1\insrsid425480 ]}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 normally 'holds', is sometimes also used in Domesday for }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 ten}{\cf1\insrsid425480 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 uit}{ \cf1\insrsid425480 ],}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 'held', here perhaps intended, in view of }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 iacuit}{\cf1\insrsid425480 , ('lay'), earlier in the entry (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 \tab COUNTESS GODA. See 9,23 Goda note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 9,128\tab ANSKETIL [* OF RIEUX *]. Note to be supplied (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 9,129\tab EDNOTH . See 9,109 Ednoth note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 9,130\tab THERE IS }{\cf1\insrsid425480 1 HIDE. There 'is' 1 hide, and it answered for 1 hide, before 1066 and in 1086; but}{\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 the details total 13 virgates (3 \'bc hides), which correspond to the value of 66s at both dates. The arable had been much extended before 1066, but the assessment had not been raised. Since 'there was nothing but a hall' apparen tly when acquired, in or after 1067, it had presumably been wasted in 1066, but the damage had been made good (JRM).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 \tab ANSKETIL [* OF RIEUX *]. Note to be supplied (JP).}{ \insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid425480 10,1\tab MONKS OF MORTAIN. See also 10,60 Walter note (JRM).}{ \cf1\insrsid412510 \par }{\cf1\insrsid425480 \tab GILBERT THE SHERIFF. Probably of Pevensey Rape (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 \tab WILLIAM OF KEYNES.}{\cf1\insrsid425480 See 2,1g William note.}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 \tab ALAN [* OF DUCEY *]. Note to be supplied (JP).}{ \insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 \tab ROGER [* THE CLERIC *]. Note to be supplied (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 \tab ALFRED [* THE BUTLER *]. Note to be supplied (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 10,2\tab ALFRED [* THE BUTLER *]. Note to be supplied (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 10,6\tab IN 'TOTNORE' HUNDRED.}{\cf1\insrsid425480 The heading is misplaced; it should be at 10,11. See 12,6 (JRM).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 10,7\tab WILLIAM OF KEYNES. See 2,1g William note.}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 10,11\tab [* YOUNG *] BRICTSI. Young Bricsti held full jurisdiction in western Kent (KEN D25) and is n amed as the predecessor as Bishop Odo of Bayeux on three occasions. Greenwich (KEN 5,29) and Hatcham (SUR 5,10), acquired by Bishop Odo in western Kent from a Brictsi, were granted to the Bishop of Lisieux; these and the nearby Plumstead (KEN 5,21), proba b ly belonged to the same individual who is unlikely to have been a second Brictsi. Elsewhere in Surrey, Young Bricsti is named as the predecessor of Richard of Tonbridge at Stoke d'Abernon and was probably the Brictsi who held two substantial manors to whi c h Walter son of Other succeeded, the closest a little over five miles away from Stoke. Young Brictsi is not named in Sussex; but the Brictsi who held two valuable manors in south Sussex (11,67 and 13,49) may well be the same individual, and possibly he at Itford (10,11) also. The only other Brictsis holding manors valued at \'a3 10 or more were the predecessors of Arnulf of Hesdin in Wiltshire (WIL 25,1), of William of Falaise in Somerset (SOM 27,1), and of Aiulf the chamberlain in Dorset (DOR 49,12), all or ea ch of whom might have been Young Brictsi; but there are no tenurial or other associations to support an identification. See Clarke, }{\i\insrsid425480 English Nobility}{\insrsid425480 , pp. 265-66, who attributes the Sussex holdings to Young Brictsi but not those further afield, and Williams, 'Lost Worlds: Kentish Society in the Eleventh Century' (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 10,15\tab ROGER [* THE CLERIC *]. Note to be supplied (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 10,20\tab [* EARL *] GODWIN. Godwin is such a common name that identifying the earl where his title in not supplied is difficult. However, th e earl is frequently named: between them, the counties of Sussex, Surrey, Kent and Hampshire can muster fewer than half-a-dozen manors valued at \'a3 5 or more held by an unidentified Godwin. In Sussex, Godwin is likely to be the earl at Tilton (10,20-21) since his son held in the same vill (9,43), and at Sheffield, held in freehold from the Crown (10,111). Peter Clarke, }{\i\insrsid425480 English Nobility}{\insrsid425480 , pp. 164-169, adds Mayfield (11,118). His list does not include the three manors in Kent said to have been held by Earl Godwin in the }{\i\insrsid425480 Domesday Monachorum}{\insrsid425480 (KEN 2,5;41;43). The Domesday entries do not name the 1066 holders (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 10,21\tab [* EARL *] GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 10,22\tab ROGER [* THE CLERIC *]. Note to be supplied (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 10,23\tab [* EARL *] HAROLD. See 5,2 Harold note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 10,27\tab EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 10,31\tab EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 10,33\tab [WEST?] DEAN.}{\cf1\insrsid425480 See 9,49 Dean note (JRM).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 10,34\tab AZUR . See 9,87 Azur note (JP).}{ \insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid425480 10,35\tab IN WILLINGDON H UNDRED. The heading is unnecessarily repeated (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 \tab OSWARD [* OF NORTON *]. See 9,3 Osward note (JP).}{ \insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 10,38\tab NORTHMANN . See 9,8 Northmann note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 10,39\tab EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 10,40\tab EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 10,41\tab EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 10,42\tab [* COUNTESS *] }{\cf1\insrsid425480 GODA. See 9,22 Goda note (JRM).}{\insrsid425480 \par \tab \tab See also 9,23 Goda note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\cf1\insrsid425480 \tab [1] \'bd PLOUGHS. The Latin is }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 cum car' 7 dimid'}{\cf1\insrsid425480 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 A figure may have been omitted before }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 car'}{\cf1\insrsid425480 (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 10,43\tab AZUR . See 9,87 Azur note (JP).}{ \insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 \tab EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 10,44\tab [FROG] FIRLE. }{\cf1\insrsid425480 The value, not stated, was perhaps included in 10,45 (JRM).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 10,45\tab EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{ \insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 10,46\tab EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 10,49\tab ALAN [* OF DUCEY *]. Note to be supplied (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid425480 10,51\tab IN FREEHOLD. A continental term, }{ \i\cf1\insrsid425480 alodium}{\cf1\insrsid425480 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 defined as }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 haereditas quam vendere et}{\insrsid425480 }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 donare possum }{\cf1\insrsid425480 ... }{ \i\cf1\insrsid425480 mea propria}{\cf1\insrsid425480 ['an inheritance which I can sell and give away ... my very own'];}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 as }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 praedium}{\cf1\insrsid425480 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 id est alodium }{\cf1\insrsid425480 ['an estate, that is freehold'],}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 from the ninth century on; see Du Cange, }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Glossarium}{\cf1\insrsid425480 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 under }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 alodium}{\cf1\insrsid425480 . Landed property not held from a lord. Used in Domesday in the south-east, often with }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 sicut }{\cf1\insrsid425480 ('like a') for holdings that resembled continental }{ \i\cf1\insrsid425480 alodium. }{\cf1\insrsid425480 The Sussex returns identify the Domesday meaning; the same holding, held by the same person, is described in the return of Pevensey Rape as }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 sicut alodium}{\cf1\insrsid425480 ,}{ \i\cf1\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 but in the Hastings Rape return as 'he could go where he would', or 'she was a free woman' (10,56 and 9,47. 10,92 and 9,58); in other counties, }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 libere tenuit}{\cf1\insrsid425480 ,}{ \i\cf1\insrsid425480 se recedere potuit }{\cf1\insrsid425480 and similar phrases have the same meaning. The word is not of course at all points identical with modern 'freehold'. In Domesday it is virtually confined to the south and south-east. In Sussex it is used frequently in the returns of Earl Roger and of the Count of Mortain, but not in those of the king, of the churches or of the Count of Eu; in other chapters it is rare (JRM).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\cf1\insrsid425480 10,58\tab 6 SMALLHOLDERS PLOUGH THE HALF. Probably half of their time or services, rather than 'metayage' (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 10,59\tab EARL HAROLD. See 5,2 Harold note (JP).}{ \insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 \tab HARTFIELD HUNDRED. Partly in Pevensey Rape, partly in Lewes Rape; see 10,96 Grinstead note (JRM).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 10,60\tab WALTER [* OF RICARVILLE *]. }{\cf1\insrsid425480 Probably of Ricarville, near Dieppe, sheriff of Pevensey about 1095, who deprived the monks of Mortain of lands at Withyham (TQ4935) in Hartfield, which are not reported in Domesday (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 \tab KARLI . Karli was an Anglo-Saxon magnate with estates valued at almost \'a3 150, which would place him among the twenty wealthiest landowners after the earls. Most of his estates were granted to Alfred of Marlborough, who succeeded him in five counties. Elsewhere, the Karli who held estates from King Edward in Sus sex and Berkshire may well be the same man since these are the only other holdings in the south of England held by a Karli and three of them were of sufficient status for a magnate. In Kent, two sons of Karli, Godric and Godwin, had held valuable manors w hich were acquired by Bishop Odo. It seems likely that Karli of Norton was their father. See also Clarke, }{\i\insrsid425480 English Nobility}{\insrsid425480 , pp. 5, 317-18, who also attributes all the holdings in the south of England to this individual (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid425480 \tab 5 PIGS. Unusually, }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 iiiii }{ \cf1\insrsid425480 for }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 v}{\cf1\insrsid425480 (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }{\cf1\insrsid425480 10,61\tab OUTSIDE THE RAPE. See \{Introduction: The Outliers\} (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 \tab EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 10,62\tab AZUR . See 9,87 Azur note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 10,63\tab EARL HAROLD. See 5,2 Harold note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 10,65\tab HELGHI . See 11,46 Helghi note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 10,67\tab WOOTTON. }{\cf1\insrsid425480 Uncertain identification; see }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Place-names of Sussex}{\cf1\insrsid425480 , ii. p. 412, followed by the }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid425480 , without query. }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 VCH Sussex}{ \cf1\insrsid425480 , i. p. 415,}{\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 suggests 'Doddington', which it locates about 2 miles north of Wootton (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }{\cf1\insrsid425480 \tab 41s AND 8s[d?]. Perhaps a manuscript error, }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 sol' }{\cf1\insrsid425480 for }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 den' }{\cf1\insrsid425480 (JRM).}{\i\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 10,70\tab WILLINGDON.}{\cf1\insrsid425480 In Willingdon, not Pevensey, Hundred; the manor had 36 hides, and its lands may have included \'bd hide beyond the hundred border (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 10,77\tab HOOE. }{\cf1\insrsid425480 Evidently Hooe Level, with coastal salt-pans (JRM).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\cf1\insrsid425480 \tab SALT-HOUSES. }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Salina }{\cf1\insrsid425480 comprehends all kinds of salt workings from coastal pans to}{\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 the boilers of Worcester and Cheshire, with their associated sheds and buildings.}{\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 'Salt-house' is the most comprehensive term (JRM).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 10,79\tab ALAN [* OF DUCEY *]. Note to be supplied (JP).}{ \insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 \tab ROGER [* THE CLERIC *]. Note to be supplied (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 10,80\tab "LEMAR". In the printed Phillimore edition this name was rendered Leofmer. As von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid425480 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid425480 , p. 309, was unsure as to whether the Domesday form }{\i\insrsid425480 Lemar'}{ \insrsid425480 represented Old English }{\i\insrsid425480 Leofm\'e6r }{\insrsid425480 or Old English }{\i\insrsid425480 Leodm\'e6r}{\insrsid425480 , and left his headword as Lemar, it has been thought safest for the present edition to keep to the Domesday form. The Alecto edition has Lemar. This is the only occurrence of this name-form in Domesday Sussex.}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 10,83\tab EARL HAROLD. See 5,2 Harold note (JP).}{ \insrsid412510 \par }{\cf1\insrsid425480 10,84\tab THE MARGINAL ENTRY repeats 10,82 (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid425480 10,85\tab HIM [WILLIAM]. The meaning is clear in the Latin, not interrupted by the marginal entry (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 10,86\tab EARL HAROLD. See 5,2 Harold note (JP).}{ \insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 10,87\tab OSWARD [* OF NORTON *]. See 9,3 Osward note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 \tab ALFRED [* THE BUTLER *]. Note to be supplied (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 10,91\tab OSWARD [* OF NORTON *]. See 9,3 Osward note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 \tab TOTI . The name Toti occurs on eight holdings, probably representing six individuals. The modest holding of Toti of Chalvington is unlikely to be connected with any other Totis, all of whose properties devolved upon other tenants-in-chief and all of whom were remote (JP).}{ \insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 \tab HUMPHREY . }{\cf1\insrsid425480 The distribution of unidentified tenants named Humphrey is skewed in the extreme. In Great Domesday only five tenants-in-chief subinfeudated more than a single holding to a tenant of that name who cannot plausibly be identified fr om documentary sources: the Bishop of Coutances (2), Odo of Bayeux (2), the Bishop of London (2), William son of Stur (3), and the Count of Mortain (23). The Count of Mortain evidently did not have 23 tenants named Humphrey and may have had only one. The d istribution of the Mortain tenants makes this a probability. In three counties - Buckingham, Cornwall, and Northamptonshire - all Humphreys were Mortain tenants; and in the remaining four counties with Mortain tenants named Humphrey, their distribution wa s distinct from that of other tenants of the same name. }{\insrsid425480 See also Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid425480 Domesday People}{\insrsid425480 , p. 276 (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 10,93\tab EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid425480 10,95\tab A MILLER. Probably; but possibly intending }{ \i\cf1\insrsid425480 molinarium}{\cf1\insrsid425480 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 in the sense of 'mill-site' (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 10,96\tab IN [EAST] GRINSTEAD HUNDRED. }{\cf1\insrsid425480 All places except Brambletye were outside the Rape, necessarily in Lewes Rape, where two are expressly stated to lie. Most of them had been outliers of downland Lewes manors, and 'never paid tax' on their own, but through their manors. Rushmonden and Hartfield Hundreds were similarly divided by the Rape boundary, but were all included in the Pevensey chapter, and were later transferred to Pevensey Rape, probably not long after 1086. See \{Introduction: The Outliers\} (JRM).}{ \insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 10,99\tab HOLY TRINITY [* OF CANTERBURY *]. }{\cf1\insrsid425480 Of Canterbury. Wootton (2,2) was held by the archbishop for the monks (JRM).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 10,102\tab KING EDWARD. }{\cf1\insrsid425480 EDWARD. Manuscript error, }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 e}{\cf1\insrsid425480 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 st}{\cf1\insrsid425480 ]}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 for }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 E} {\cf1\insrsid425480 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 dwardus}{\cf1\insrsid425480 ] (JRM).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\cf1\insrsid425480 \tab A FORGE. }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Ferraria}{\cf1\insrsid425480 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 used for a smithy or forge, as, for example, in SUR 8,18; possibly here meaning iron-workings (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }{\cf1\insrsid425480 10,105\tab BRAMBLETYE. Probably Brambletye House, or the moated site across the river (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 10,106\tab FOLKI. }{\cf1\insrsid425480 The Phillimore printed edition has Fulk and JRM's note reads: '}{\insrsid425480 von Feilitzen }{\i\insrsid425480 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid425480 ,}{\cf1\insrsid425480 pp. 251, 257 distinguishes between Scandinavian }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Folki}{\cf1\insrsid425480 , for }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Fulchi}{\cf1\insrsid425480 , here, and Old German }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Fulcwig}{\cf1\insrsid425480 for }{ \i\cf1\insrsid425480 Fulcoius}{\cf1\insrsid425480 (11,14;31-32, in 1066 and 1086) and }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Fulcui}{\cf1\insrsid425480 (14,1 and SUR 27,3, in 1066); but does not list the 1086 landholders north of the Thames, e.g. }{ \i\cf1\insrsid425480 Fulcui}{\cf1\insrsid425480 (HUN 11,1); }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Fulcui}{\cf1\insrsid425480 and }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Fulcheius}{\cf1\insrsid425480 (in Cambridgeshire); }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Fulcuius}{\cf1\insrsid425480 and }{ \i\cf1\insrsid425480 Fulco}{\cf1\insrsid425480 (Shropshire), in both cases probably the same person. Since }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Fulcwig}{\cf1\insrsid425480 is virtually unknown among the numerous Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Folc}{ \cf1\insrsid425480 - names, all these spellings are probably variants of the common Norman }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Fulco}{\cf1\insrsid425480 , which, like other Norman names, reached Sussex before 1066. }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Fulcoius}{\cf1\insrsid425480 looks like a Latin ending added to }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Fulco}{\cf1\insrsid425480 .'}{\insrsid425480 \par }{\cf1\insrsid425480 \tab \tab For the present edition it has been decided to follow von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid425480 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid425480 , p. 251, and have Old Norse/Old Danish }{\i\insrsid425480 Folki}{ \insrsid425480 for the Domesday }{\i\insrsid425480 Fulchi}{\insrsid425480 . The Alecto edition has }{\i\insrsid425480 Folki.}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 \tab LAVANT. }{\cf1\insrsid425480 Probably Mid Lavant (11,5) in Chichester Rape, though the other named manors in this section were in Lewes Rape. Jevington, occasionally spelt without a }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 g}{\cf1\insrsid425480 (}{ \i\cf1\insrsid425480 Place-names of Sussex}{\cf1\insrsid425480 , ii. p. 421) and Yeverington are possible alternatives (see 9,73 Jevington note), but both were in Pevensey Rape (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }{\cf1\insrsid425480 10,107\tab STANDEN. Exceptionally listed as now assessed in a Pevensey manor, though formerly in}{\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 a Lewes manor; but still 'outside the Rape' of Pevensey (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 \tab AZUR . See 9,87 Azur note (JP).}{ \insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 10,110\tab [* COUNTESS *] GODA. See 9,23 Goda note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid425480 \tab BALMER. Manuscript error, }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Bergeinere }{\cf1\insrsid425480 for }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Bergemere }{\cf1\insrsid425480 (JRM).}{\i\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 10,111\tab [* EARL *] GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{ \insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 10,114\tab KARLI . See 10,60 Karli note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 10,115\tab WARNER . Warner is not a common name in Domesday Book, occurring less than two dozen times, and on only half-a-dozen holdings in southern England. In view of the rarity of the name in the region, the two modest Sussex holdings may have belonged to the same individual, although there are no tenurial associations to support this, though this has little negative force in Sussex due to the all ocation of land by Rapes (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 \tab EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 10,116\tab ALAN [* OF DUCEY *]. Note to be supplied (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid425480 \tab 'INWQOD'. Manuscript }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 jnode}{ \cf1\insrsid425480 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 one word, not }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 in Ode}{\cf1\insrsid425480 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 For the occasional use of a small letter for}{\insrsid425480 }{ \cf1\insrsid425480 capital, see 10,102 (JRM).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 \tab NEW MINSTER ^[OF WINCHESTER]^. }{\cf1\insrsid425480 Winchester (Hyde) Abbey (JRM).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\cf1\insrsid425480 \tab 10 SHILLINGS. The manuscript has a gap between x and }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 .}{\cf1\insrsid425480 , sufficient to permit }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 xii}{\cf1\insrsid425480 or }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 xiii}{\cf1\insrsid425480 (JRM).}{ \cf1\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 10,117\tab HUMPHREY . See 10,91 Humphrey note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid425480 10,118\tab MAYFIELD. Probably }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Mesewelle } {\cf1\insrsid425480 for }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Megevelle}{\cf1\insrsid425480 ; see}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Place-names of Sussex}{\cf1\insrsid425480 , ii. p. 381. Capital }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 S}{\cf1\insrsid425480 and }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 G}{ \cf1\insrsid425480 are somewhat}{\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 similar in 8,5, as in other eleventh-century hands; Domesday may have misread the return it copied (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 \tab [* EARL *] GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{ \insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 11,2\tab ST NICHOLAS [* OF ARUNDEL *]. }{\cf1\insrsid425480 Of Arundel (JRM).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\cf1\insrsid425480 \tab ROUGH CORN. Rye, or a mixture of corns including rye (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 \tab ROBERT SON OF THEOBALD. Sheriff of Arundel. On his death bed, in 1087, he bequeathed Toddington (11,61), to Saint-Martin of S\'e9es, with his wife Emma, the witnesses including Robert, the priest}{\insrsid11889890 of Petworth (11,18), Corbelin (}{\insrsid425480 11,23;31), Hamelin (11,27-29) and Turstin (11,20); see Round, }{\i\insrsid425480 Calendar of Documents}{\insrsid425480 , }{\i\insrsid425480 France}{\insrsid425480 ,}{\i\insrsid425480 }{\insrsid425480 cited in }{\i\insrsid425480 VCH Sussex}{\insrsid425480 , i. p. 378. Probably all the holdings of 'Robert' from Earl Roger were his (JRM). \par \tab \tab See also Keats Rohan, }{\i\insrsid425480 Domesday People}{\insrsid425480 , p. 386 (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 11,3\tab EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{ \insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid425480 11,4\tab COUNTESS GYTHA. Wife of Earl Godwin, mother of King Harold; in some counties she}{\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 is confused with her namesake, wife of Earl Ralph, whose son was also named Harold, and is sometimes wrongly entered as Goda (JRM).}{ \insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 11,5\tab IVO [* OF GRANDMESNIL *]. Hugh de Grandmesnil had a son, Ivo, who died in the White Ship disaster (Ordericus Vitalis, }{\i\insrsid425480 Ecclesiastical History}{\insrsid425480 , vi. 304-305). He may be the Ivo recorded here, who also held land from Hugh in Leicestershire (LEC 13,35;44;50-51;65) and Northamptonshire (NTH 23,9;12): the name Ivo is uncommon and the office of steward an honourable one: see Mason , 'Barons and their Officials', }{\i\insrsid425480 Anglo-Norman Studies}{\insrsid425480 , vol. xiii (1991), p. 256. He may also have held land from the earl of Shrewsbury in Sussex: Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid425480 Domesday People}{\insrsid425480 , p. 282 (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid425480 \tab LAVANT. Probably Mid Lavant, since East and West Lavant were the archbishop's (2,7) (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 \tab EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 \tab EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid425480 11,6\tab 10 PLOUGHS. Manuscript }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 .x.c}{ \cf1\insrsid425480 at the end of the line; }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 c}{\cf1\insrsid425480 is the first letter of }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 car'}{\cf1\insrsid425480 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 beginning the next line, and should have been deleted (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 11,8\tab ROBERT SON OF THEOBALD. See 11,2 Robert note.}{ \insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 \tab EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 \tab ROBERT ^[SON OF THEOBALD]^. See 11,2 Robert note.}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid425480 \tab AS A HOLDING. }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Feudum }{ \cf1\insrsid425480 translates Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 feoh}{\cf1\insrsid425480 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 normally meaning 'possessions', 'property', 'holding' in general; see, for example, 2,1 }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 de feudo. }{\cf1\insrsid425480 But }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 in feudo}{\cf1\insrsid425480 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 as here and in 9,60, and occasionally elsewhere, describes a special kind of English grant, before 1066, and sometimes afterwards. Here, as the whole manor was held for life only, Offa's 2-hide manor was presumably also held by a grant for a lifetime. Other instances may denote a grant for a fixed period, or otherwise revocable, not necessarily for life. }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Feudum }{\cf1\insrsid425480 was not used in England before 1066, and in Domesday neither it nor}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 feuum }{\cf1\insrsid425480 (}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 feoff}{\cf1\insrsid425480 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 appear to hav e yet acquired their twelfth-century connotation}{\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 (JRM).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 11,9\tab EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{ \insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 11,10\tab ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 \tab EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 11,11\tab ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 \tab AZUR . See 9,87 Azur note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 11,12\tab ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 11,13\tab ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 \tab EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 11,14\tab ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 \tab EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 11,15\tab WIGOT [* OF WALLINGFORD *]. Note to be supplied (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 11,16\tab EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 11,17\tab ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. }{\cf1\insrsid425480 Correcting Ralph (}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Radulf'}{\cf1\insrsid425480 ),}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 with deletion mark omitted (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }{\cf1\insrsid425480 \tab \tab }{\insrsid425480 See also 11,2 Robert note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 11,18\tab ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.}{ \insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid425480 \tab 189 EELS. Deletion mark under }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 ix }{ \cf1\insrsid425480 perhaps omitted, intending 180 (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 11,19\tab ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.}{ \insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 11,20\tab ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 11,21\tab ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 \tab LEOFWIN. Possibly the earl; see 13,36 Leofwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 11,22\tab ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid425480 \tab WHEN ACQUIRED. }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Post }{ \cf1\insrsid425480 ['later'] deleted, }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 cum recepit}{\cf1\insrsid425480 ['when he acquired it']}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 substituted (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 11,23\tab ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.}{ \insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 \tab FRAWIN [* OF CORNWALL *]. }{\i\insrsid425480 Frauuinus}{\insrsid425480 : }{\cf1\insrsid425480 von Feilitzen, }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cf1\insrsid425480 , pp. 252-53, was unable to account satisfactorily for the derivation.}{\insrsid425480 \par }{\cf1\insrsid425480 \tab \tab Frawin occurs on seven holdings distributed between Cornwall and Sussex, and on an eighth occasion as Frawin of Kirtling among a list of Cambridgeshire jurors. Despite the dispersed nature of these references, it is likely that seven, if not all e ight, refer to one individual. A Frawin appears both as a thane with a modest holding on one of the Count of Mortain's manors in Devon in 1066 (DEV 15,47 note) and as one of his tenants in Cornwall in 1086 (5,24,21). Given the rarity of the name, it is im p robable that two individuals are involved, a significant point since it establishes the likelihood that the Frawins of 1066 and 1086 do, in fact, represent the same name. This makes it likely that the Frawin with a modest holding in Wiltshire in 1086 (WIL 68,18) is the same man since two survivors with such a rare name is implausible. It is perhaps relevant that this holding is adjacent to two of the properties of the Count of Mortain (WIL 20,1-2). If these deductions are correct, then the three remaining holdings of Frawin in 1066 are likely to have been held by the same individual. It is perhaps unlikely that a man who may have become sheriff of Cornwall in the reign of Henry I (Keats Rohan, }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Domesday People}{\cf1\insrsid425480 , p. 199) was also a juror in Cambridgeshire in 10 86; but even this cannot be confidently ruled out since, as already noted, the survival of two Anglo-Saxons with a rare name is statistically improbable, the survival of three such even more so. Moreover, a man who lost one inheritance, built the nucleus of another in two different and widely separated areas, and prospered to the extent that he or his descendant could offer 300 gold marks for the recovery of his lands, was clearly a man who put himself about (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 11,24\tab ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 11,25\tab ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 11,26\tab [* EARL *] HAROLD. See 5,2 Harold note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 11,27\tab ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 11,30\tab EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 11,31\tab ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid425480 \tab MARDEN. 'Down on the border' (of Hampshire), originally including Compton: }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Place-names of Sussex}{\cf1\insrsid425480 , i. p. 51. The four Domesday entries presumably concern North Marden, West Marden, East Marden and Up Marden; only the last, whose church was held by Engelhere's heirs (11,33), seems identifiable (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 11,32\tab IVO [* OF GRANDMESNIL *]. See 11,5 Ivo note (JP).}{ \insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 11,34\tab AZO [* BIGOT *]. Note to be supplied (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid425480 11,36\tab COMPTON. See SUR 18,1 'In Wotton Hundred Earl Roger has 1 hide from the king,}{\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 which lies in [the lands of] his manor of Compton in Sussex. Before 1066 the holder of Compton held this hide from the king' (JRM).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 \tab ESBIORN. Possibly Esbiorn Big, an important landowner in K ent; see KEN 5,42 Esbiorn note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 \tab EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 11,37\tab EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid425480 \tab 1500 PIGS. The holding was probably in the woodland in the north of the Rape (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 11,38\tab [* EARL *] GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{ \insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 11,39\tab EARL TOSTI. See 13,37 Tosti note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 11,40\tab WARIN . }{\cf1\insrsid425480 This Warin, distinct from Warin the sheriff (SHR 4,3,8;71), was a tenant of Earl Roger in both Shropshire and Sussex; he was succeeded by the de Eyton family, named from Eyton upo n the Weald Moors (SHR 4,14,18). He may have been their ancestor: }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 VCH Shropshire}{\cf1\insrsid425480 , xi. p. 139; Keats-Rohan, }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Domesday People}{\cf1\insrsid425480 , p. 461.}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 11,41\tab ALCHERE . }{\cf1\insrsid425480 The name Alchere occurs fifteen times in Domesday Book, probabl y representing four individuals. It is likely that all occurrences of this name in Shropshire (SHR 4,3,4;60;65;71. 4,27,35) refer to the same individual and that he was also Earl Roger's tenant at Mundham in Sussex. He was apparently the ancestor of the F itz Ayer family. See Williams, }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 The English and the Norman Conquest}{\cf1\insrsid425480 , p. 91; Lewis, 'Introduction', }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Shropshire Domesday}{\cf1\insrsid425480 , p. 19; Keats-Rohan, }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Domesday People}{\cf1\insrsid425480 , p. 134 (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 \tab EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 11,44\tab IN WITTERING HUNDRED.}{\cf1\insrsid425480 See 3,8 Wittering note (JRM).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 11,45\tab WARIN . See 11,40 Warin note.}{ \insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 \tab EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 11,46\tab REGINALD [* THE SHERIFF *]. Note to be supplied (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 \tab HELGHI . Helghi is a rare name, occurring only in Sussex and Nottinghamshire. Of t he three Sussex holdings, the two which devolved upon Earl Roger of Shrewsbury (here and 11,116), both subinfeudated to Reginald, are likely to have belonged to the same individual before the Conquest. The tenant of the Count of Mortain at Worth (10,65), s ome 50 miles away, might be the same individual given the rarity of the name, its free tenure under King Edward (as 11,46), and the reasonably substantial nature of his holding; but there are no other links to confirm this though the allocation of land to tenants-in-chief by Rapes makes this negative factor of little significance in Sussex (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 11,47\tab ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.}{ \insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 11,48\tab ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 11,49\tab ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 11,50\tab ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 11,51\tab ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 11,52\tab ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 11,53\tab ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 \tab WARIN . See 11,40 Warin note.}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 11,55\tab ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 \tab IVO [* OF GRANDMESNIL *]. See 11,5 Ivo note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 11,56\tab ERNUCION . }{\cf1\insrsid425480 The name Ernucion occurs four times in Domesday Book, three times as a tenant of Earl Roger of Shrewsbury, once as a tenant of the abbey of St Albans (BRK 12,1). Given the rarity of the name, this tenant could be the same man as the tenant of the earl}{ \insrsid425480 , as suggested by Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid425480 Domesday People}{\insrsid425480 , p. 191}{\cf1\insrsid425480 . A John son of Ernucion occurs in Essex (ESS 40,1)}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 \tab AZUR . See 9,87 Azur note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 11,57\tab ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 \tab AZUR . See 9,87 Azur note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 11,58\tab ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 11,60\tab ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 \tab AZUR . See 9,87 Azur note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 11,61\tab ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 \tab AZUR . See 9,87 Azur note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid425480 11,63\tab 'NUNMINSTER'. Probably West Preston; see Allcroft, }{ \i\cf1\insrsid425480 Waters of Arun}{\cf1\insrsid425480 , p. 97;}{\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 Fisher, }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Saxon Churches of }{\cf1\insrsid425480 Sussex, p. 141. The editor is indebted to Mr. G.R.}{\insrsid425480 }{ \cf1\insrsid425480 Burleigh for this identification and these references (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 \tab ESMUND [SMELT] THE PRIEST. The manuscript has }{\i\insrsid425480 Esmund}{\insrsid425480 ,}{\i\insrsid425480 }{\insrsid425480 in error; see von Feilitzen }{\i\insrsid425480 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{ \insrsid425480 , p. 367. Old English }{\i\insrsid425480 Eastmund}{\insrsid425480 , always with a -}{\i\insrsid425480 t}{\insrsid425480 - is well evidence d only for the ninth century, dying out in the thirteenth century, after a few sporadic survivals, one of them in Domesday (SUF 1,102:}{\i\insrsid425480 Estmunt}{\insrsid425480 ).}{\i\insrsid425480 }{\insrsid425480 Modern Esmond appears to derive from Thackeray's, }{\i\insrsid425480 The History of Henry Osmond Esq., a Colonel in the Service of Her Majesty Queen Anne, written by Himself}{\insrsid425480 , published in 1852 (revised edition 1858) (JRM).}{ \i\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 11,65\tab WARIN . See 11,40 Warin note.}{ \insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 \tab EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 11,67\tab REGINALD [* THE SHERIFF *]. Note to be supplied (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 \tab [* YOUNG *] BRICTSI. See 10,11 Brictsi note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 11,68\tab LEOFWIN. Possibly the earl: see 13,36 Leofwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 11,69\tab ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 11,70\tab ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 11,71\tab ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 11,72\tab ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 11,73\tab ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 11,75\tab EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 11,76\tab ST MARTIN'S OF SEES. }{\cf1\insrsid425480 MARTIN. The manuscript has }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Marun}{\cf1\insrsid425480 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 in error (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 \tab EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 11,77\tab COUNTESS GODA. See 9,23 Goda note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 11,78\tab ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 11,79\tab ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 \tab IVO [* OF GRANDMESNIL *]. See 11,5 Ivo note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 11,85\tab ERNUCION . See 11,56 Ernucion note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 11,87\tab WARIN . See 11,40 Warin note.}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 11,88\tab AZUR . See 9,87 Azur note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 11,92\tab AZO [* BIGOT *]. Note to be supplied (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 11,93\tab EARL HAROLD. See 5,2 Harold note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 11,94\tab WARIN . See 11,40 Warin note.}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 \tab AZUR . See 9,87 Azur note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 11,95\tab EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 11,96\tab ACARD [* THE PRIEST *]. Note to be supplied (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 \tab EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 11,97\tab EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 11,98\tab EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 11,99\tab AZUR . See 9,87 Azur note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 11,105\tab EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 11,108\tab AUGUSTINE. }{\cf1\insrsid425480 Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Austin }{\cf1\insrsid425480 represents Old French }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Austin}{\cf1\insrsid425480 or Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Augustinus}{ \cf1\insrsid425480 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cf1\insrsid425480 , p. 169.}{\insrsid425480 \par }{\cf1\insrsid425480 \tab \tab The form Augustine occurs twice in Domesday Book (also in STS 11,24), Austin four times (SHR 4,3,44}{\insrsid425480 . }{\cf1\insrsid425480 4,21,12. 4,28,1), all holding modest properties in 1066, five of which devolved up on Earl Roger of Shrewsbury. Were it not for the fact that one of the Shropshire entries records 'another' Austin (SHR 4,3,44), all five could be attributed to the same individual, and possibly all six. It seems likely that one or other of the Austins sha red them (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 11,110\tab [* EARL *] GYRTH. Although the name Gyrth occurs more than 150 times in Domesday Book, it is probable that all pre-Conquest occurrences (only two are post-Conquest) refer to one individual, Earl Gyrth Godwinson, King Harold's brother. Despite the fact that he is identified by his title in scarcely one case in seven, two principle factors aid his identification elsewhere: the massive disproportion in the distribution of the name, fewer than two dozen holdings being outside East Anglia ( w here Gyrth was the earl), and the heavy preponderance of Gyrth as a lord of men rather than as a landowner in his own right. Additionally, the Gyrth holding a large number of royal manors in Norfolk and Suffolk is evidently the earl; and he can also be id e ntified as the predecessor of Hardwin of Scales in Cambridgeshire and Hertfordshire. In the few cases outside East Anglia where unidentified Gyrths are recorded, the status of the holding and other factors indicate the earl. In the Sussex heartland of the Godwinsons, for instance, the two substantial manors of Coombes and Merston (13,19. 11,110) were almost certainly held by the earl: apart from their status, both are adjacent to other Godwinson manors, Coombes being close to Earl Gyrth's own huge manor of Washington (13,9). Similar considerations suggest that the handsome manors of Hartley Mauditt (BRK 30,1) and Eaton Hastings (HAM 35,2), both held in freehold from the Crown, had also belonged to the earl. See also Clarke, }{\i\insrsid425480 English Nobility}{\insrsid425480 , pp. 194-200, whose list omits NFK 9,159. 29,9. 34,9. 52,3. 57,1 and SUF 7,75. 21,30;62. 31,34. 74,7 (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 11,116\tab REGINALD [* THE SHERIFF *]. Note to be supplied (JP). }{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 \tab HELGHI . Note to be supplied (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid425480 12,1\tab THE KING HAS THE ADULTEROUS MAN. Meaning the fine f rom the man (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }{\cf1\insrsid425480 \tab TWO PARTS WERE. }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 sunt }{\cf1\insrsid425480 corrected to }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 erant }{\cf1\insrsid425480 (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 \tab EARL [* HAROLD *]. See 5,2 Harold note (JP).}{ \insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 12,4\tab EARL HAROLD. See 5,2 Harold note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 12,5\tab EARL HAROLD. See 5,2 Harold note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid425480 \tab 163 VILLAGERS. In the manuscript }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 cxlxiii}{\cf1\insrsid425480 has been emended by deletion mark to }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 clxiii}{\cf1\insrsid425480 (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 12,6\tab IN SWANBOROUGH HUNDRED. }{\cf1\insrsid425480 [* IN STREAT HUNDRED *]. Swanborough is a manuscript error for Streat. See 10,6 (JRM).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\cf1\insrsid425480 12,9\tab EARL. So also in HUN 14,1, }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 comes Willelmus}{\cf1\insrsid425480 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 evidently intending William of Warenne (HUN 13). He is never called }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 comes }{\cf1\insrsid425480 in relation to Normandy. He was created Earl of Surrey in or soon after 1087. It seems probable that these entries were written after that date (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 \tab EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 12,10\tab EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 12,12\tab AZUR . See 9,87 Azur note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 12,13\tab EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 12,16\tab [IN FALMER HUNDRED]. }{\cf1\insrsid425480 The heading should have been placed before, not after, Balmer (JRM).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 12,18\tab AZUR . See 9,87 Azur note (JP).}{ \insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 12,19\tab ALDGYTH . }{\cf1\insrsid425480 The name Aldgyth occurs eighteen times in Domesday Book, probably representing a dozen individuals. The tenant of this modest holding is unlikely to be related to any others, all too distant to be plausibly connected (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 12,20\tab IN THE HALF-HUNDRED OF ALDRINGTON. }{\cf1\insrsid425480 Called a hundred in 13,28 (JRM).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 12,21\tab WIGOT [* OF WALLINGFORD *]. Note to be supplied (JP).} {\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 12,22\tab BENFIELD. [}{\cf1\insrsid425480 Domesday }{ \i\cf1\insrsid425480 Esmerewic}{\cf1\insrsid425480 ]; see Burleigh, 'Deserted Medieval Villages in East Sussex', p. 77 and references there cited (JRM).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 \tab AZUR . See 9,87 Azur note (JP).}{ \insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 12,23\tab AZUR . See 9,87 Azur note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 12,24\tab OSWARD [* OF NORTON *]. See 9,3 Osward note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid425480 12,26\tab PAYTHORNE. See }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Place-names of Sussex}{\cf1\insrsid425480 , ii. p. 285 (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 12,27\tab OSWARD [* OF NORTON *]. See 9,3 Osward note (JP).}{ \insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 12,28\tab EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid425480 12,29\tab SHIPLEY. Omitted in Domesday. In [West] Grinstead Hundred. This hundred, with its}{\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 neighbour, Steyning Hundred, is given 235 hides; if Shipley were a 5-hide manor, the total would be 240 (JRM).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 \tab [* EARL *] HAROLD. See 5,2 Harold note (JP).}{ \insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 12,30\tab EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 12,32\tab OSWARD [* OF NORTON *]. See 9,3 Osward note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid425480 \tab 2 CARUCATES. Evidently for 'land for 2 ploughs'; }{ \i\cf1\insrsid425480 car' }{\cf1\insrsid425480 abbreviates }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 ca}{\cf1\insrsid425480 (}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 r}{\cf1\insrsid425480 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 rucatas}{\cf1\insrsid425480 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 occasionally}{\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 used elsewhere in this sense, see \{Appendix\}unless there is an manuscript error (JRM).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 12,33\tab RALPH [* OF QUESNAY *].}{\cf1\insrsid425480 Of Quesnay; see 6,1 (JRM).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 \tab SADDLESCOMBE. }{\cf1\insrsid425480 See 9,122 Sedlescombe note, and 6,1 Ralph note (JRM).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 \tab EARL }{\cf1\insrsid425480 GODWIN. In 6,1 both Saddlescombe and Plumpton (12,42) are said to have belonged to the Church of Bosham, held by (Bishop) Osbern from King Edward. In chapter 12 (William of Warenne's return) both were said to have been held from Earl Godwin by Godwin the priest. Go dwin the priest, presumably of Bosham, also held East Lavington from Osbern in 1086. They had perhaps been granted to Osbern after Godwin's death (JRM).}{\insrsid425480 See also 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 12,34\tab RALPH [* OF QUESNAY *]. Note to be supplied (JP).}{ \insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 12,35\tab AZUR . See 9,87 Azur note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 \tab THEN THERE WERE 2 HALLS; NOW [IT IS] IN 1 MANOR.}{ \cf1\insrsid425480 Here Domesday defines the manor as a place with a hall,}{\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 and therefore with the jurisdiction attached thereto (JRM).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 12,36\tab ROBERT HOLDS.}{\cf1\insrsid425480 A gap in the manuscript between }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Rotbertus }{\cf1\insrsid425480 and }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 de}{\cf1\insrsid425480 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 where possibly a duplicate}{\insrsid425480 }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 ten}{\cf1\insrsid425480 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 et}{\cf1\insrsid425480 ]}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 has been erased (JRM).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 \tab EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 12,37\tab AZUR . See 9,87 Azur note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 12,38\tab AZUR . See 9,87 Azur note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 12,39\tab AZUR . See 9,87 Azur note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 12,40\tab LEOFWIN. Possibly the earl: see 13,36 Leofwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 12,42\tab EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid425480 12,45\tab VALUE 12s. }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 denar' }{ \cf1\insrsid425480 partly erased in manuscript, corrected to }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 sol'}{\cf1\insrsid425480 (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 12,47\tab BEEDING.}{\cf1\insrsid425480 In Bramber Rape, as stated, here included with Hugh's Lewes return (JRM).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 12,48\tab AZUR . See 9,87 Azur note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 \tab EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid425480 12,49\tab 7 HIDES ... 4 HIDES LESS \'bd VIRGATE. Wulfeva held 7 hides in Earl Roger's Rape, Arundel (11,69), and}{\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 4 hides from the Count of Mortain (10,109), which were 'outside the Rape' of (Pevensey),}{\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 in the lands of Hamsey, in Lewes Rape, evidently the 4 hides less 1 virgate here listed.}{\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 Domesday has here inverted the figures. She also held a 2-hide manor in [East] Grinstead [Hundred] from the}{\insrsid425480 }{ \cf1\insrsid425480 Count of Mortain, in Lewes Rape (10,100).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 12,50\tab WARNER . See 10,115 Warner note (JP).}{ \insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid425480 12,52\tab \'bd PLOUGH. The manuscript has }{ \i\cf1\insrsid425480 dim' v'car'. }{\cf1\insrsid425480 The }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 v}{\cf1\insrsid425480 is evidently virgate, corrected to }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 car'}{\cf1\insrsid425480 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 but not}{ \insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 marked for deletion (JRM).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 12,53\tab AZUR . See 9,87 Azur note (JP).}{ \insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 13,1\tab BEEDING. }{\cf1\insrsid425480 Perhaps including Lower Beeding (TQ2227), in the same Rape and hundred (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }{\cf1\insrsid425480 \tab SESTER. A measure, usually of liquid, of uncertain and probably variable size (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }{\cf1\insrsid425480 \tab HEARTH-TAX. }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Herdigelt}{\cf1\insrsid425480 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 probably with this meaning, not reported elsewhere in Domesday by}{\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 that name, but called}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 fumagium }{\cf1\insrsid425480 ('smoke-payment' or 'hearth-payment') in Herefordshire (HEF l,49) (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 13,2\tab EARL HAROLD. See 5,2 Harold note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid425480 13,3\tab BERTH. Omitted from Domesday (JRM).}{ \cf1\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 13,5\tab AZUR . See 9,87 Azur note (JP).}{ \insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 13,6\tab EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 13,7\tab [* EARL *] HAROLD. See 5,2 Harold note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 13,8\tab NORTHMANN . See 9,8 Northmann note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 13,9\tab EARL GYRTH. See 11,110 Gyrth note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 13,11\tab [* EARL *] HAROLD. See 5,2 Harold note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 13,13\tab AZUR . See 9,87 Azur note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 \tab EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 13,14\tab KARLI . See 10,60 Karli note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 13,17\tab EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 13,18\tab EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 13,19\tab [* EARL *] GYRTH. See 11,110 Gyrth note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 13,20\tab LEOFWIN. Possibly the earl: see 13,36 Leofwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 \tab EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 13,23\tab AZUR . See 9,87 Azur note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 \tab [* EARL *] HAROLD. See 5,2 Harold note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 13,24\tab AZUR . See 9,87 Azur note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 13,25\tab AZUR . See 9,87 Azur note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 \tab [* EARL *] HAROLD. See 5,2 Harold note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 13,26\tab AZUR . See 9,87 Azur note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 13,27\tab AZUR . See 9,87 Azur note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid425480 \tab 2 CATTLE. }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Animalia}{ \cf1\insrsid425480 , in the }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Liber Exoniensis}{\cf1\insrsid425480 and elsewhere commonly called }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 animalia otiosa}{\cf1\insrsid425480 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 'idle}{\insrsid425480 }{ \cf1\insrsid425480 animals', beef, dairy etc. cattle, in contrast with ploughing oxen (JRM).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 13,28\tab RALPH [* OF BUCY *].}{\cf1\insrsid425480 Of Bucy, from whom the place was called Kingston-Bucy, corrupted to Kingston-by-Sea; see }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Place-names of Sussex}{\cf1\insrsid425480 , i. p. 245 (JRM).}{ \insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 \tab AZUR . See 9,87 Azur note (JP).}{ \insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 \tab [* EARL *] HAROLD. See 5,2 Harold note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 13,29\tab [* EARL *] HAROLD. See 5,2 Harold note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 13,30\tab ROBERT [* SAVAGE *]. }{\cf1\insrsid425480 Probably Robert Savage, whose heirs held most of these lands: }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 VCH Sussex}{\cf1\insrsid425480 , i. p. 447 (JRM).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 \tab BROADWATER.}{\cf1\insrsid425480 See HAM 69,40: 'In Kingsclere Hundred Alwin White holds 2 hides...}{\insrsid425480 Alwin held th is land before 1066 under Wigot [* of Wallingford *] for protection; now he holds it under Miles [* Crispin *], and it was delivered to Wigot by Humphrey Visdeloup in exchange for Broadwater, as he himself states; but the hundred knows nothing of it.' }{ \cf1\insrsid425480 (JRM).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 \tab WIGOT [* OF WALLINGFORD *]. Note to be supplied (JP).}{ \insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 13,31\tab EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 13,33\tab EARL HAROLD. See 5,2 Harold note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 13,35\tab EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 13,36\tab [* EARL *] LEOFWIN. The name Leofwin is so common tha t it is an almost hopeless task to identify the earl of that name if the scribe has omitted his title. Even in the Sussex heartland of the Godwinson family where Leofwins are suspiciously thick on the ground, there are few cases where a reasonably secure i dentification can be suggested. It is likely, for instance, that most if not all of the substantial manors held by a Leofwin in the county (11,21;68. 12,40. 13,20;38;43) had belonged to the earl; but which of them is guesswork. Only in the case of Worthin g and Sompting (13,36-40), where the interdependence of holdings and the coincidence of the names of Earl Godwin, Leofwin and Tosti suggest a family holding, has an identification been accepted as reasonably secure. Outside the county, it is probable that t he Leofwins at Islington (MDX 11,2) and Libury (HRT 5,10) were the earl since no other Leofwin was a lord of men in Middlesex and other men held from the earl in Libury. It is also likely that it was the earl who held the substantial manor of Rampisham in Dorset (DOR 4,1) since this devolved upon the Bishop of Bayeux who succeeded Earl Leofwin in several other counties. Finally, Count Eustace of Boulogne probably acquired his very valuable manors of Stanford and Laver (ESS 20,43;45) from the earl, these be ing by a very considerable margin the most valuable manors held by a Leofwin in Essex. See also Clarke, }{\i\insrsid425480 English Nobility}{\insrsid425480 , pp. 200-203, who omits from his list the substantial manors held by the earl's men in Hemel Hempstead and King's Langley (HRT 15,10-11) (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 13,37\tab [* EARL *] TOSTI. Although the name Tosti occurs almost 100 times in Domesday Book it is not a common name since it was borne by few individuals. Once holdings plausibly be attributed to the earl and Tosti of Sawtry (see LIN 4,17 Tosti note) h ave been excluded, only five holdings remain, probably held by four individuals, all of them of minor landholders. In the absence of other significant landholders of his name, the task of identifying the earl where he is not accorded his title is simplifi e d. There can be little doubt, for instance, that the Tosti who held the huge royal manor of Falsgrave (YKS 1Y3) was the earl, as also the royal manor of Hemingbrough (YKS 1Y3). The scale, status, and absence of other suitable candidates also make it likel y that he had held the substantial manors at Polhampton (HAM 31,1), Buckworth (HUN 10,1), Bingham (NTT 9,97) and, less certainly, the anonymous holding from Guy of Raimbeaucourt in Northamptonshire (NTH 41,2). The Tosti who held Halmonds Frome from Queen E dith is also likely to have been the earl; and since no tenant-in-chief will have had two predecessors with the same uncommon name, he will have been the Tosti who held Putley, if the }{\i\insrsid425480 Thostin}{\insrsid425480 of that holding is, in fact, a Tosti (HEF 10,4;29). The Tosti of IoW7,22 is shown to be the earl by the link with his manor of Freshwater (IoW1,5), and there can be no doubt that the Tosti who 'went from England' of NFK 10,83 was the earl also. Finally, the Tosti who held a minuscule property at Worthing (13,37) was pr obably also the earl since his father and brother held in the same vill and the holding 'lay in' the large manor of Sompting, held from the Crown by a Leofwin who was surely the earl, his brother. See Clarke,}{\i\insrsid425480 English Nobility}{ \insrsid425480 , pp. 191-94, who omits HAM S2 and NTH 41,2 from his list (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 \tab [* EARL *] LEOFWIN. See 13,36 Leofwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 13,38\tab [* EARL *] LEOFWIN. See 13,36 Leofwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid425480 \tab 2 HIDES ARE IN EARL ROGER'S RAPE, IN GORING. 3 \'bd HIDES ELSEWHERE. An alternative but less likely translation is '2 hides are in}{\cf1\insrsid11889890 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 Roger's Rape. In Goring and elsewhere are 3 \'bd hides' (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 13,39\tab [* EARL *] LEOFWIN. See 13,36 Leofwin note (JP).}{ \insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 13,40\tab [* EARL *] LEOFWIN. See 13,36 Leofwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 13,41\tab EARL HAROLD. See 5,2 Harold note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 13,42\tab EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 13,43\tab LEOFWIN. Possibly the earl: see 13,36 Leofwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 13,44\tab RALPH [* SON OF THEODRIC *]. Note to be supplied (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 \tab LEOFWIN. Possibly the earl: see 13,36 Leofwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 13,45\tab AZUR . See 9,87 Azur note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 13,46\tab HOE.}{\cf1\insrsid425480 The name is preserved by Hoecourt Barn; see }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 Place-names of Sussex}{\cf1\insrsid425480 , i. p. 200 (JRM).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 \tab EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 13,47\tab EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 13,49\tab [* YOUNG *] BRICTSI. See 10,11 Brictsi note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 13,50\tab OSWARD [* OF NORTON *]. See 9,3 Osward note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 13,51\tab EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 13,53\tab EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid425480 13,54\tab IFIELD HUNDRED. The manuscript has }{ \i\cf1\insrsid425480 Tifeld}{\cf1\insrsid425480 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 from Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 aet Ifeld}{\cf1\insrsid425480 (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 \tab WILLIAM SON OF RANULF. }{\cf1\insrsid425480 William of Ifield was one of the archbishop's }{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 milites}{\cf1\insrsid425480 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid425480 }{\cf1\insrsid425480 see SSX 2 archbishop note (JRM).}{ \cf1\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 13,55\tab AZUR . See 9,87 Azur note (JP).}{ \insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 13,57\tab EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 14,2\tab ALDRED [* BROTHER OF ODO *]. }{\cf1\insrsid425480 Brother of Odo (of Winchester) (JRM).}{\insrsid412510 \par }{\insrsid425480 \tab OUALET. }{\cf1\insrsid425480 Or possibly Ovalet. The name is not otherwise known (JRM).}{\insrsid412510 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid412510 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid425480 \par }}