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{\f60\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0805030504020804}Eras Demi ITC;}{\f61\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0402030504020804}Eras Light ITC;}{\f62\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0504020202050204}Eurostile;}
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{\f69\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03050502040202030202}Kristen ITC;}{\f70\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0602030504020204}Lucida Sans;}{\f71\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020e0502030308020204}Maiandra GD;}
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{\f468\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Light CE;}{\f469\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Light Greek;}{\f470\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Light Tur;}
{\f471\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Light Baltic;}{\f472\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Med CE;}{\f473\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Med Greek;}
{\f474\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Med Tur;}{\f475\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Med Baltic;}{\f476\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni CE;}
{\f477\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Greek;}{\f478\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Tur;}{\f479\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Baltic;}
{\f480\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MGI Archon CE;}{\f481\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MGI Archon Greek;}{\f482\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MGI Archon Tur;}
{\f483\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MGI Archon Baltic;}{\f484\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}AucoinExtBol CE;}{\f485\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}AucoinExtBol Greek;}
{\f486\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}AucoinExtBol Tur;}{\f487\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}AucoinExtBol Baltic;}{\f488\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}AucoinLight CE;}
{\f489\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}AucoinLight Greek;}{\f490\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}AucoinLight Tur;}{\f491\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}AucoinLight Baltic;}
{\f492\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Bedini CE;}{\f493\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Bedini Greek;}{\f494\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Bedini Tur;}
{\f495\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Bedini Baltic;}{\f496\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar Black Extended CE;}
{\f497\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar Black Extended Greek;}{\f498\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar Black Extended Tur;}
{\f499\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar Black Extended Baltic;}{\f500\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar CE;}{\f501\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar Greek;}
{\f502\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar Tur;}{\f503\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar Baltic;}{\f504\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar Regular Extended CE;}
{\f505\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar Regular Extended Greek;}{\f506\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar Regular Extended Tur;}
{\f507\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Gourmand CE;}{\f508\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Gourmand Greek;}{\f509\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Gourmand Tur;}
{\f510\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Gourmand Baltic;}{\f511\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Metro Nouveau CE;}{\f512\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Metro Nouveau Greek;}
{\f513\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Metro Nouveau Tur;}{\f514\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Metro Nouveau Baltic;}{\f515\froman\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Palladius CE;}
{\f516\froman\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Palladius Greek;}{\f517\froman\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Palladius Tur;}{\f518\froman\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Palladius Baltic;}
{\f519\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Peinaud CE;}{\f520\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Peinaud Greek;}{\f521\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Peinaud Tur;}
{\f522\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Peinaud Baltic;}{\f523\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Schindler CE;}{\f524\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Schindler Greek;}
{\f525\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Schindler Tur;}{\f526\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Schindler Baltic;}{\f527\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Schindler Small Caps CE;}
{\f528\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Schindler Small Caps Greek;}{\f529\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Schindler Small Caps Tur;}
{\f530\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Schindler Small Caps Baltic;}{\f531\fscript\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Vianta Greek;}{\f532\fdecor\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}LcdD CE;}
{\f533\fdecor\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}LcdD Tur;}{\f534\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}????????????????????????\'a8\'ac?????;}
{\f535\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}??????????????????????\'a8\'ac???????;}{\f536\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}?????????????????????????\'a1\'ec????;}
{\f537\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}??????????????????????????????\'a8;}{\f538\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 Times New Roman CYR;}{\f539\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 Times New Roman TUR;}{\f540\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 Arial CYR;}
{\f541\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 Arial TUR;}{\f542\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 Courier New CYR;}{\f543\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 Courier New TUR;}{\f544\fnil\fcharset178\fprq2{\*\panose 02010000000000000000}Traditional Arabic;}
{\f545\fnil\fcharset178\fprq2{\*\panose 02010000000000000000}Arabic Transparent;}{\f546\fnil\fcharset178\fprq2{\*\panose 02010000000000000000}Andalus;}{\f547\fnil\fcharset178\fprq2{\*\panose 02010000000000000000}Simplified Arabic;}
{\f548\fmodern\fcharset178\fprq1{\*\panose 02010009000000000000}Simplified Arabic Fixed;}{\f549\fmodern\fcharset134\fprq1{\*\panose 02010609030101010101}NSimSun;}{\f550\fmodern\fcharset134\fprq1{\*\panose 02010609030101010101}@NSimSun;}
{\f551\fnil\fcharset134\fprq2{\*\panose 02010600030101010101}@SimHei;}{\f552\froman\fcharset128\fprq2{\*\panose 02020600040205080304}MS PMincho;}{\f553\froman\fcharset128\fprq2{\*\panose 02020600040205080304}@MS PMincho;}
{\f554\fmodern\fcharset128\fprq1{\*\panose 020b0609070205080204}@MS Gothic;}{\f555\fswiss\fcharset128\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0600070205080204}MS PGothic;}{\f556\fswiss\fcharset128\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0600070205080204}@MS PGothic;}
{\f557\fswiss\fcharset128\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0600070205080204}MS UI Gothic;}{\f558\fswiss\fcharset128\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0600070205080204}@MS UI Gothic;}{\f559\froman\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}AngsanaUPC;}
{\f560\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}BrowalliaUPC;}{\f561\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}Browallia New;}{\f562\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0304020202020204}CordiaUPC;}
{\f563\froman\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}DilleniaUPC;}{\f564\froman\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}EucrosiaUPC;}{\f565\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}FreesiaUPC;}
{\f566\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}IrisUPC;}{\f567\froman\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}JasmineUPC;}{\f568\froman\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}KodchiangUPC;}
{\f569\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}LilyUPC;}{\f570\fswiss\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 050b0604020202020204}Typographic Ext;}{\f571\fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05000000000000000000}Iconic Symbols Ext;}
{\f572\fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05000000000000000000}Math Ext;}{\f573\froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05020603050405020304}Multinational Ext;}{\f574\froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05020603050405020304}Greek Symbols;}
{\f575\fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}SPSS Marker Set;}{\f576\froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05050102010607020607}MapInfo Cartographic;}{\f577\fmodern\fcharset136\fprq1{\*\panose 02020309000000000000}@MingLiU;}
{\f578\froman\fcharset136\fprq2{\*\panose 02020300000000000000}@PMingLiU;}{\f579\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}(Use Asian text font){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f580\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}PMingLiU Western{\*\falt !Ps2OcuAe};}{\f581\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Gothic Western{\*\falt ?l?r ?S?V?b?N};}
{\f582\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Gothic CE{\*\falt ?l?r ?S?V?b?N};}{\f583\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Gothic Cyr{\*\falt ?l?r ?S?V?b?N};}
{\f584\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Gothic Greek{\*\falt ?l?r ?S?V?b?N};}{\f585\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Gothic Tur{\*\falt ?l?r ?S?V?b?N};}
{\f586\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Gothic Baltic{\*\falt ?l?r ?S?V?b?N};}{\f587\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MingLiU Western{\*\falt 2OcuAe};}
{\f588\froman\fcharset163\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Times New Roman CYR (Vietnamese;}{\f589\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\f590\froman\fcharset163\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Times New Roman Greek (Vietname;}
{\f591\froman\fcharset163\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Times New Roman TUR (Vietnamese;}{\f592\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\f593\froman\fcharset163\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Times New Roman Baltic (Vietnam;}
{\f594\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}NSimSun Western;}{\f595\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@NSimSun Western;}{\f596\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PMincho Western;}
{\f597\froman\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PMincho CE;}{\f598\froman\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PMincho Cyr;}{\f599\froman\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PMincho Greek;}
{\f600\froman\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PMincho Tur;}{\f601\froman\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PMincho Baltic;}{\f602\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PMincho Western;}
{\f603\froman\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PMincho CE;}{\f604\froman\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PMincho Cyr;}{\f605\froman\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PMincho Greek;}
{\f606\froman\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PMincho Tur;}{\f607\froman\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PMincho Baltic;}{\f608\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS Gothic Western;}
{\f609\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS Gothic CE;}{\f610\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS Gothic Cyr;}{\f611\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS Gothic Greek;}
{\f612\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS Gothic Tur;}{\f613\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS Gothic Baltic;}{\f614\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PGothic Western;}
{\f615\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PGothic CE;}{\f616\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PGothic Cyr;}{\f617\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PGothic Greek;}
{\f618\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PGothic Tur;}{\f619\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PGothic Baltic;}{\f620\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PGothic Western;}
{\f621\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PGothic CE;}{\f622\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PGothic Cyr;}{\f623\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PGothic Greek;}
{\f624\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PGothic Tur;}{\f625\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PGothic Baltic;}{\f626\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS UI Gothic Western;}
{\f627\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS UI Gothic CE;}{\f628\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS UI Gothic Cyr;}{\f629\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS UI Gothic Greek;}
{\f630\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS UI Gothic Tur;}{\f631\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS UI Gothic Baltic;}{\f632\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS UI Gothic Western;}
{\f633\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS UI Gothic CE;}{\f634\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS UI Gothic Cyr;}{\f635\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS UI Gothic Greek;}
{\f636\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS UI Gothic Tur;}{\f637\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS UI Gothic Baltic;}{\f638\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Browallia New (Thai);}
{\f639\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MingLiU Western;}{\f640\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@PMingLiU Western;}
{\f641\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}????????????????????\'a1\'a7?????????;}{\f642\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Sans Serif{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f643\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0502040204020203}Segoe Media Center;}{\f644\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0702040200020203}Segoe Media Center Semibold;}{\f645\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0804030504040204}Tahoma Small Cap;}
{\f646\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Elite{\*\falt Arial};}{\f647\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}GothicPS{\*\falt Arial};}
{\f648\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}????????????\'a1\'a7???????;}{\f649\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}??????????????????\'a8\'ac?????????;}
{\f650\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}????????????????????????\'a1\'a7?????;}{\f651\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}???????????????????????????????;}
{\f652\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}??????????????????????\'a1\'a7???????;}{\f653\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}CG Times (W1){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f654\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}CG Times 12pt;}{\f655\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}????????????????????\'a8\'ac?????????;}{\f656\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}?????\'a1\'ec???;}
{\f657\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}????\'a1\'a7???;}{\f658\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Prestige;}{\f659\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}?????????????????\'a1\'ec?????????;}
{\f660\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}??????????????????\'a1\'a7??????????;}{\f661\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}o{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f662\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}ome{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f663\fnil\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Times Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f664\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Plain text{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f665\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}boscombe{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f666\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}??????????????????????????\'a8\'ac???;}{\f667\froman\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Rockwell CE;}
{\f668\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Sans Serif CE;}{\f669\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Sans Serif Cyr;}
{\f670\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Sans Serif Greek;}{\f671\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Sans Serif Tur;}
{\f672\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Sans Serif Baltic;}{\f673\froman\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Serif CE;}
{\f674\froman\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Serif Cyr;}{\f675\froman\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Serif Greek;}
{\f676\froman\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Serif Tur;}{\f677\froman\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Serif Baltic;}
{\f678\froman\fcharset163\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Serif (Vietnamese);}{\f679\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Verdana Ref CE;}{\f680\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Verdana Ref Cyr;}
{\f681\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Verdana Ref Greek;}{\f682\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Verdana Ref Tur;}{\f683\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Verdana Ref Baltic;}
{\f684\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Verdana Ref (Vietnamese);}{\f685\froman\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Georgia Ref CE;}{\f686\froman\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Georgia Ref Cyr;}
{\f687\froman\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Georgia Ref Greek;}{\f688\froman\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Georgia Ref Tur;}{\f689\froman\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Georgia Ref Baltic;}
{\f690\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Gill Sans MT CE;}{\f691\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Gill Sans MT Condensed CE;}
{\f692\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Gill Sans Ultra Bold CE;}{\f693\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 Arial Baltic;}{\f694\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 Courier New Baltic;}{\f695\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\f696\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 Arial CE;}{\f697\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 Arial Greek;}{\f698\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 Courier New CE;}{\f699\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 Courier New Greek;}
{\f700\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f701\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f703\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f704\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f705\froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f706\froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f707\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f708\froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f710\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial CE;}{\f711\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial Cyr;}
{\f713\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial Greek;}{\f714\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial Tur;}{\f715\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Arial (Hebrew);}{\f716\fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Arial (Arabic);}{\f717\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial Baltic;}
{\f718\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Arial (Vietnamese);}{\f720\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 Courier New CE;}{\f721\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 Courier New Cyr;}{\f723\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 Courier New Greek;}{\f724\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 Courier New Tur;}
{\f725\fmodern\fcharset177\fprq1 Courier New (Hebrew);}{\f726\fmodern\fcharset178\fprq1 Courier New (Arabic);}{\f727\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 Courier New Baltic;}{\f728\fmodern\fcharset163\fprq1 Courier New (Vietnamese);}
{\f740\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Helvetica CE;}{\f741\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Helvetica Cyr;}{\f743\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Helvetica Greek;}{\f744\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Helvetica Tur;}{\f745\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Helvetica (Hebrew);}
{\f746\fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Helvetica (Arabic);}{\f747\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Helvetica Baltic;}{\f748\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Helvetica (Vietnamese);}{\f812\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 MS Mincho Western{\*\falt ?l?r ??\'81\'66c};}
{\f810\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 MS Mincho CE{\*\falt ?l?r ??\'81\'66c};}{\f811\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 MS Mincho Cyr{\*\falt ?l?r ??\'81\'66c};}{\f813\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 MS Mincho Greek{\*\falt ?l?r ??\'81\'66c};}
{\f814\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 MS Mincho Tur{\*\falt ?l?r ??\'81\'66c};}{\f817\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 MS Mincho Baltic{\*\falt ?l?r ??\'81\'66c};}{\f822\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 Batang Western{\*\falt \'a1\'a7IoUAA};}
{\f820\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Batang CE{\*\falt \'a1\'a7IoUAA};}{\f821\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Batang Cyr{\*\falt \'a1\'a7IoUAA};}{\f823\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Batang Greek{\*\falt \'a1\'a7IoUAA};}
{\f824\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Batang Tur{\*\falt \'a1\'a7IoUAA};}{\f827\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Batang Baltic{\*\falt \'a1\'a7IoUAA};}{\f832\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2 SimSun Western{\*\falt ???\'a1\'ec??};}{\f910\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Century CE;}
{\f911\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Century Cyr;}{\f913\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Century Greek;}{\f914\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Century Tur;}{\f917\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Century Baltic;}{\f922\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 Angsana New;}
{\f932\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 Cordia New;}{\f960\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Sylfaen CE;}{\f961\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Sylfaen Cyr;}{\f963\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Sylfaen Greek;}{\f964\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Sylfaen Tur;}
{\f967\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Sylfaen Baltic;}{\f1042\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS Western;}{\f1040\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS CE;}{\f1041\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS Cyr;}
{\f1043\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS Greek;}{\f1044\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS Tur;}{\f1045\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS (Hebrew);}{\f1046\fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS (Arabic);}
{\f1047\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS Baltic;}{\f1048\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS (Vietnamese);}{\f1049\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS (Thai);}{\f1050\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Tahoma CE;}
{\f1051\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Tahoma Cyr;}{\f1053\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Tahoma Greek;}{\f1054\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Tahoma Tur;}{\f1055\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Tahoma (Hebrew);}{\f1056\fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Tahoma (Arabic);}
{\f1057\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Tahoma Baltic;}{\f1058\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Tahoma (Vietnamese);}{\f1059\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 Tahoma (Thai);}{\f1090\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 Lucida Console CE;}
{\f1091\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 Lucida Console Cyr;}{\f1093\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 Lucida Console Greek;}{\f1094\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 Lucida Console Tur;}{\f1100\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Verdana CE;}{\f1101\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Verdana Cyr;}
{\f1103\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Verdana Greek;}{\f1104\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Verdana Tur;}{\f1107\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Verdana Baltic;}{\f1108\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Verdana (Vietnamese);}{\f1110\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial Black CE;}
{\f1111\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial Black Cyr;}{\f1113\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial Black Greek;}{\f1114\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial Black Tur;}{\f1117\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial Black Baltic;}
{\f1120\fscript\fcharset238\fprq2 Comic Sans MS CE;}{\f1121\fscript\fcharset204\fprq2 Comic Sans MS Cyr;}{\f1123\fscript\fcharset161\fprq2 Comic Sans MS Greek;}{\f1124\fscript\fcharset162\fprq2 Comic Sans MS Tur;}
{\f1127\fscript\fcharset186\fprq2 Comic Sans MS Baltic;}{\f1130\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Impact CE;}{\f1131\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Impact Cyr;}{\f1133\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Impact Greek;}{\f1134\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Impact Tur;}
{\f1137\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Impact Baltic;}{\f1140\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Georgia CE;}{\f1141\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Georgia Cyr;}{\f1143\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Georgia Greek;}{\f1144\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Georgia Tur;}
{\f1147\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Georgia Baltic;}{\f1150\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium CE;}{\f1151\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium Cyr;}{\f1153\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium Greek;}
{\f1154\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium Tur;}{\f1157\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium Baltic;}{\f1160\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Palatino Linotype CE;}{\f1161\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Palatino Linotype Cyr;}
{\f1163\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Palatino Linotype Greek;}{\f1164\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Palatino Linotype Tur;}{\f1167\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Palatino Linotype Baltic;}{\f1168\froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Palatino Linotype (Vietnamese);}
{\f1170\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Trebuchet MS CE;}{\f1171\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Trebuchet MS Cyr;}{\f1173\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Trebuchet MS Greek;}{\f1174\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Trebuchet MS Tur;}
{\f1177\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Trebuchet MS Baltic;}{\f1200\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Microsoft Sans Serif CE;}{\f1201\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Microsoft Sans Serif Cyr;}{\f1203\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Microsoft Sans Serif Greek;}
{\f1204\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Microsoft Sans Serif Tur;}{\f1205\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Microsoft Sans Serif (Hebrew);}{\f1206\fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Microsoft Sans Serif (Arabic);}{\f1207\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Microsoft Sans Serif Baltic;}
{\f1208\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Microsoft Sans Serif (Vietnamese);}{\f1209\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 Microsoft Sans Serif (Thai);}{\f1210\fscript\fcharset238\fprq2 Mistral CE;}{\f1211\fscript\fcharset204\fprq2 Mistral Cyr;}
{\f1213\fscript\fcharset161\fprq2 Mistral Greek;}{\f1214\fscript\fcharset162\fprq2 Mistral Tur;}{\f1217\fscript\fcharset186\fprq2 Mistral Baltic;}{\f1220\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Lucida Sans Unicode CE;}
{\f1221\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Lucida Sans Unicode Cyr;}{\f1223\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Lucida Sans Unicode Greek;}{\f1224\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Lucida Sans Unicode Tur;}{\f1225\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Lucida Sans Unicode (Hebrew);}
{\f1340\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Book CE;}{\f1341\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Book Cyr;}{\f1343\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Book Greek;}{\f1344\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Book Tur;}
{\f1347\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Book Baltic;}{\f1350\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Demi CE;}{\f1351\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Demi Cyr;}{\f1353\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Demi Greek;}
{\f1354\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Demi Tur;}{\f1357\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Demi Baltic;}{\f1360\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium Cond CE;}{\f1361\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium Cond Cyr;}
{\f1363\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium Cond Greek;}{\f1364\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium Cond Tur;}{\f1367\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium Cond Baltic;}{\f1380\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Century Gothic CE;}
{\f1381\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Century Gothic Cyr;}{\f1383\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Century Gothic Greek;}{\f1384\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Century Gothic Tur;}{\f1387\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Century Gothic Baltic;}
{\f1500\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial Narrow CE;}{\f1501\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial Narrow Cyr;}{\f1503\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial Narrow Greek;}{\f1504\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial Narrow Tur;}
{\f1507\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial Narrow Baltic;}{\f1512\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS Western;}{\f1510\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS CE;}{\f1511\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS Cyr;}
{\f1513\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS Greek;}{\f1514\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS Tur;}{\f1515\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS (Hebrew);}{\f1516\fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS (Arabic);}
{\f1517\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS Baltic;}{\f1518\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS (Vietnamese);}{\f1519\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS (Thai);}{\f1520\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Book Antiqua CE;}
{\f1521\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Book Antiqua Cyr;}{\f1523\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Book Antiqua Greek;}{\f1524\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Book Antiqua Tur;}{\f1527\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Book Antiqua Baltic;}
{\f1530\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Bookman Old Style CE;}{\f1531\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Bookman Old Style Cyr;}{\f1533\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Bookman Old Style Greek;}{\f1534\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Bookman Old Style Tur;}
{\f1537\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Bookman Old Style Baltic;}{\f1540\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Garamond CE;}{\f1541\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Garamond Cyr;}{\f1543\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Garamond Greek;}{\f1544\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Garamond Tur;}
{\f1547\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Garamond Baltic;}{\f1560\fscript\fcharset238\fprq2 Monotype Corsiva CE;}{\f1561\fscript\fcharset204\fprq2 Monotype Corsiva Cyr;}{\f1563\fscript\fcharset161\fprq2 Monotype Corsiva Greek;}
{\f1564\fscript\fcharset162\fprq2 Monotype Corsiva Tur;}{\f1567\fscript\fcharset186\fprq2 Monotype Corsiva Baltic;}{\f2370\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Haettenschweiler CE;}{\f2371\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Haettenschweiler Cyr;}
{\f2373\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Haettenschweiler Greek;}{\f2374\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Haettenschweiler Tur;}{\f2377\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Haettenschweiler Baltic;}{\f2413\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Alba Greek;}
{\f2423\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Alba Matter Greek;}{\f2433\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Alba Super Greek;}{\f2443\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Baby Kruffy Greek;}{\f2453\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Chick Greek;}{\f2463\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Croobie Greek;}
{\f2483\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Freshbot Greek;}{\f2493\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Frosty Greek;}{\f2503\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 GlooGun Greek;}{\f2513\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Jenkins v2.0 Greek;}{\f2543\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Pussycat Greek;}
{\f2553\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Weltron Urban Greek;}{\f2562\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 @MS Mincho Western;}{\f2560\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 @MS Mincho CE;}{\f2561\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 @MS Mincho Cyr;}{\f2563\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 @MS Mincho Greek;}
{\f2564\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 @MS Mincho Tur;}{\f2567\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 @MS Mincho Baltic;}{\f2962\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 @Batang Western;}{\f2960\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 @Batang CE;}{\f2961\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 @Batang Cyr;}
{\f2963\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 @Batang Greek;}{\f2964\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 @Batang Tur;}{\f2967\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 @Batang Baltic;}{\f2972\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2 @SimSun Western;}{\f2980\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Albertus Medium CE;}
{\f2984\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Albertus Medium Tur;}{\f2987\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Albertus Medium Baltic;}{\f2990\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Albertus CE;}{\f2994\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Albertus Tur;}{\f2997\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Albertus Baltic;}
{\f3000\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Albertus Extra Bold CE;}{\f3004\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Albertus Extra Bold Tur;}{\f3007\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Albertus Extra Bold Baltic;}{\f3010\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 ITC Avant Garde Gothic CE;}
{\f3014\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 ITC Avant Garde Gothic Tur;}{\f3017\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 ITC Avant Garde Gothic Baltic;}{\f3020\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 ITC Avant Garde Gothic Demi CE;}
{\f3024\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 ITC Avant Garde Gothic Demi Tur;}{\f3027\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 ITC Avant Garde Gothic Demi Baltic;}{\f3030\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 ITC Bookman Light CE;}{\f3034\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 ITC Bookman Light Tur;}
{\f3037\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 ITC Bookman Light Baltic;}{\f3040\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 ITC Bookman Demi CE;}{\f3044\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 ITC Bookman Demi Tur;}{\f3047\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 ITC Bookman Demi Baltic;}
{\f3050\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 CG Omega CE;}{\f3054\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 CG Omega Tur;}{\f3057\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 CG Omega Baltic;}{\f3060\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 CG Times CE;}{\f3064\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 CG Times Tur;}
{\f3067\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 CG Times Baltic;}{\f3070\fscript\fcharset238\fprq2 ITC Zapf Chancery CE;}{\f3074\fscript\fcharset162\fprq2 ITC Zapf Chancery Tur;}{\f3077\fscript\fcharset186\fprq2 ITC Zapf Chancery Baltic;}
{\f3080\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Clarendon CE;}{\f3084\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Clarendon Tur;}{\f3087\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Clarendon Baltic;}{\f3090\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Clarendon Condensed CE;}
{\f3094\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Clarendon Condensed Tur;}{\f3097\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Clarendon Condensed Baltic;}{\f3100\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Clarendon Extended CE;}{\f3104\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Clarendon Extended Tur;}
{\f3107\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Clarendon Extended Baltic;}{\f3110\fscript\fcharset238\fprq2 Coronet CE;}{\f3114\fscript\fcharset162\fprq2 Coronet Tur;}{\f3117\fscript\fcharset186\fprq2 Coronet Baltic;}{\f3120\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 CourierPS CE;}
{\f3124\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 CourierPS Tur;}{\f3127\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 CourierPS Baltic;}{\f3140\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Helvetica Narrow CE;}{\f3144\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Helvetica Narrow Tur;}
{\f3147\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Helvetica Narrow Baltic;}{\f3150\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 Letter Gothic CE;}{\f3154\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 Letter Gothic Tur;}{\f3157\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 Letter Gothic Baltic;}
{\f3160\fscript\fcharset238\fprq2 Marigold CE;}{\f3164\fscript\fcharset162\fprq2 Marigold Tur;}{\f3167\fscript\fcharset186\fprq2 Marigold Baltic;}{\f3170\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 New Century Schoolbook CE;}
{\f3174\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 New Century Schoolbook Tur;}{\f3177\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 New Century Schoolbook Baltic;}{\f3180\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Antique Olive CE;}{\f3184\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Antique Olive Tur;}
{\f3187\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Antique Olive Baltic;}{\f3190\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Antique Olive Compact CE;}{\f3194\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Antique Olive Compact Tur;}{\f3197\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Antique Olive Compact Baltic;}
{\f3200\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Palatino CE{\*\falt Book Antiqua};}{\f3204\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Palatino Tur{\*\falt Book Antiqua};}{\f3207\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Palatino Baltic{\*\falt Book Antiqua};}{\f3220\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times CE;}
{\f3221\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times Cyr;}{\f3223\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times Greek;}{\f3224\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times Tur;}{\f3225\froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times (Hebrew);}{\f3226\froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times (Arabic);}
{\f3227\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times Baltic;}{\f3228\froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times (Vietnamese);}{\f3230\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Univers CE;}{\f3234\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Univers Tur;}{\f3237\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Univers Baltic;}
{\f3240\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Univers Condensed CE;}{\f3244\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Univers Condensed Tur;}{\f3247\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Univers Condensed Baltic;}{\f6080\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CYR CE;}
{\f6081\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman CYR Cyr;}{\f6083\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman CYR Greek;}{\f6084\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman CYR Tur;}{\f6085\froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman CYR (Hebrew);}
{\f6086\froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman CYR (Arabic);}{\f6087\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman CYR Baltic;}{\f6088\froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman CYR (Vietnamese);}{\f6090\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman TUR CE;}
{\f6091\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman TUR Cyr;}{\f6093\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman TUR Greek;}{\f6094\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman TUR Tur;}{\f6095\froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman TUR (Hebrew);}
{\f6096\froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman TUR (Arabic);}{\f6097\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman TUR Baltic;}{\f6098\froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman TUR (Vietnamese);}{\f6100\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial CYR CE;}
{\f6101\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial CYR Cyr;}{\f6103\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial CYR Greek;}{\f6104\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial CYR Tur;}{\f6105\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Arial CYR (Hebrew);}{\f6106\fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Arial CYR (Arabic);}
{\f6107\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial CYR Baltic;}{\f6108\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Arial CYR (Vietnamese);}{\f6110\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial TUR CE;}{\f6111\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial TUR Cyr;}{\f6113\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial TUR Greek;}
{\f6114\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial TUR Tur;}{\f6115\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Arial TUR (Hebrew);}{\f6116\fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Arial TUR (Arabic);}{\f6117\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial TUR Baltic;}
{\f6118\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Arial TUR (Vietnamese);}{\f6120\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 Courier New CYR CE;}{\f6121\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 Courier New CYR Cyr;}{\f6123\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 Courier New CYR Greek;}
{\f6124\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 Courier New CYR Tur;}{\f6125\fmodern\fcharset177\fprq1 Courier New CYR (Hebrew);}{\f6126\fmodern\fcharset178\fprq1 Courier New CYR (Arabic);}{\f6127\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 Courier New CYR Baltic;}
{\f6128\fmodern\fcharset163\fprq1 Courier New CYR (Vietnamese);}{\f6130\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 Courier New TUR CE;}{\f6131\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 Courier New TUR Cyr;}{\f6133\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 Courier New TUR Greek;}
{\f6134\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 Courier New TUR Tur;}{\f6135\fmodern\fcharset177\fprq1 Courier New TUR (Hebrew);}{\f6136\fmodern\fcharset178\fprq1 Courier New TUR (Arabic);}{\f6137\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 Courier New TUR Baltic;}
{\f6138\fmodern\fcharset163\fprq1 Courier New TUR (Vietnamese);}{\f6590\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek CE;}{\f6591\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek Cyr;}{\f6593\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek Greek;}
{\f6594\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek Tur;}{\f6595\froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek (Hebrew);}{\f6596\froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek (Arabic);}{\f6597\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek Baltic;}
{\f6598\froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek (Vietnamese);}{\f6620\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic CE;}{\f6621\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic Cyr;}{\f6623\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic Greek;}
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\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2585885 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\b\fs24\insrsid206495 LEICESTERSHIRE
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx284\tx8647\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15145625 \cbpat8 {\fs24\cf2\insrsid15145625 (version 1a)
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid206495 {\b\fs24\insrsid206495 
\par }{\b\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 INTRODUCTION}{\fs24\cf2\insrsid13204308\charrsid9059627 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9598683 \f2\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs24\insrsid12275482 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid12275482\charrsid12275482 HISTORY
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12275482 The shire that pivoted around the borough of Leicester is first named in Domesday Book }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
but its history cannot be treated separately from that of the adjacent counties of Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire and at least the eastern portion of Northamptonshire. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
Derby}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9241681\charrsid4553540 shire is first named in 1048, Nottinghamshire and Northamptonshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15870378\charrsid4553540  in 1016}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12744606\charrsid4553540 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15870378\charrsid4553540 
 in the}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9241681\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9241681\charrsid13518136 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 .
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9241681\charrsid4553540 \tab The land that became Leicestershire lay mostly in the t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12024325\charrsid4553540 erritory of the Middle Angles. Alt}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9241681\charrsid4553540 hough they were probably onc}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12024325\charrsid4553540 e }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12024325\charrsid15881878 independent }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15870378\charrsid15881878 (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12024325\charrsid15881878 Bede, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12024325\charrsid15881878 
Ecclesiastical History}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12024325\charrsid15881878 , i. 15}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15881878 : }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12275482\charrsid15881878 Colgrave and Mynors, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12744606\charrsid15881878 pp. 50-}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13775020\charrsid15881878 5}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12744606\charrsid15881878 1}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12275482\charrsid15881878 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12024325\charrsid15881878 , they became subj}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9241681\charrsid15881878 
ect to the kings of Mercia in the mid-seventh century when King Penda (died 655) set his son Peada (died 657) over them. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15870378\charrsid15881878 However}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12744606\charrsid15881878 ,}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15870378\charrsid15881878  p}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid15881878 art }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15870378\charrsid15881878 of the future Leicestershire }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid15881878 lay in the territory of the }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid15881878 Tomsaetan}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid15881878  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9241681\charrsid15881878 who named Tamworth and whose lands appear to}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid15881878  have incl
uded much of Warwickshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9241681\charrsid15881878 . They were still regarded as a }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12024325\charrsid15881878 separa}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9241681\charrsid15881878 te people in 848}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid15881878 : 
}{\i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12024325\charrsid15881878 Early Charters of Northern England}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12024325\charrsid15881878 , p. 68 no. 34 }{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12744606\charrsid15881878 (}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12024325\charrsid15881878 = Sawyer, }
{\i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12024325\charrsid15881878 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12024325\charrsid15881878 , no. 197}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12744606\charrsid15881878 )}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12024325\charrsid15881878 ; see }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12024325\charrsid15881878 VCH Leicestershire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12744606\charrsid15881878 , iii. pp. 75-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6710452\charrsid15881878 7}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12744606\charrsid15881878 6;}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6710452\charrsid15881878 
 and}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12024325\charrsid15881878  LEC 5 Peterborough note. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid15881878 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12024325\charrsid15881878 \tab Peada converted to Christianity in 653 in Northumbria. One of the monks who came south with him was Diuma who was consecrated Bishop of the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5797134\charrsid15881878 Mercians, the }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5797134\charrsid15881878 Lindisfari}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5797134\charrsid15881878  and the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12024325\charrsid15881878 Middle Angles in 656; there was a Middle Anglian see based on Leicester before the 
end of the seventh century: Bede, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12024325\charrsid15881878 Ecclesiastical History}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12024325\charrsid15881878 , iv. 23}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12275482\charrsid15881878  (Colgrave and Mynors, }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13697448\charrsid15881878 p}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12744606\charrsid15881878 p. 410-11}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12275482\charrsid15881878 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12024325\charrsid15881878 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12024325\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11404210\charrsid4553540 \tab There is little detailed information from which to construct a narrative of the land that became Leicestershire. Among fragments of history are the fact that Me}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8286735\charrsid4553540 r}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11404210\charrsid4553540 cian royal councils were held at Gumley in 749 and 775 and at Croft in 836 (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8286735\charrsid4553540 Sawyer, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8286735\charrsid4553540 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8286735\charrsid4553540 , nos. 92, 109, 190}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11404210\charrsid4553540 ). This last was under King Wiglaf}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8286735\charrsid4553540  whose grandson Wigstan (St}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11404210\charrsid4553540 
 Wystan) was murder}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8286735\charrsid4553540 ed at Wi}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11404210\charrsid4553540 stow and buried at Repton.
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9598683\charrsid4553540 \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13697448\charrsid4553540 In the latter half of the ninth}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  century Danish invaders had }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13697448\charrsid4553540 begun to }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 marau}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13697448\charrsid4553540 d}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  freely in northern Mercia. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13697448\charrsid4553540 According to the }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13697448\charrsid13518136 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13697448\charrsid4553540  they spent the winter of 873-874 at Repton close to the future Derbyshire/ Leicestershire border. Then in 877}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 in the harvest season the army went into Mercia and shared out some of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13697448\charrsid4553540 
 it and gave some to Ceolwulf}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Ceolwulf was a pro-Danish Mercian king put on the thr}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13697448\charrsid4553540 one in 874 and his portion of Mercia }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 seems to have lain south-west of the Foss Way}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13697448\charrsid4553540 ; the rest was ceded to the Danes. }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 This was the beginning of the Danish settlement which occupied territory that was later to become the counties of Northampton}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13697448\charrsid4553540 shire}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  (north-east of Watling Street), Rutland, Lincoln}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13697448\charrsid4553540 shire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 , Nottingham}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13697448\charrsid4553540 shire}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 , Derby}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13697448\charrsid4553540 shire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  and York}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13697448\charrsid4553540 shire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 . }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2509582\charrsid4553540 In 879 Ceolwulf died and the rump of Mercia}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15870378\charrsid4553540  passed to Aethelred, their ea}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2509582\charrsid4553540 ldorman}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12744606\charrsid4553540 ,}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2509582\charrsid4553540  who accept}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 ed the overlordship of Alfred, k}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2509582\charrsid4553540 
ing of Wessex and married his daughter Aethelflaed. Aethelred and Aethelflaed began a serie}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15870378\charrsid4553540 s of measures to counter the Dan}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2509582\charrsid4553540 es, mainly the construc
tion of a series of fortified }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2509582\charrsid4553540 burh}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2509582\charrsid4553540 s, and their work was continued after Aethelred}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2509582\charrsid4553540 
s death by Aethelflaed alone and then by King Edward the Elder, Alfred}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2509582\charrsid4553540 s son and her brother.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12744606\charrsid4553540 
\par \tab In Wessex, which had not been settled by the Danes, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9598683\charrsid4553540 the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9598683\charrsid4553540 Burghal Hidage}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6710452\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12744606\charrsid4553540 
shows that }{\f0\fs24\insrsid223849\charrsid4553540 land surrounding}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9598683\charrsid4553540  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9598683\charrsid4553540 burhs}{\f0\fs24\insrsid223849\charrsid4553540 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6710452\charrsid4553540  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid223849\charrsid4553540 that had been }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6710452\charrsid4553540 established in anticipation}{\f0\fs24\insrsid223849\charrsid4553540  of warfare,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9598683\charrsid4553540  was laid under}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15870378\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9598683\charrsid4553540 contribution for the upkeep of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12744606\charrsid4553540 ir}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9598683\charrsid4553540  defences.}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12744606\charrsid4553540  However, in areas occupied by the Danes, these }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12744606\charrsid4553540 burhs}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12744606\charrsid4553540  seem to have been hastily constructed, often for ind
ividual campaigns, and it is not certain that any local territorial arrangements were made, or could have been made, for their maintenance.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2509582\charrsid4553540 
\par \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 The Danish host seems to have been divided into a series of separate armies, each of them based on a major }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 burh}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2509582\charrsid4553540 
 of their own}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 In 913 Danish armies }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
from Northampton and from Leicester rode out after Easter and broke the peace, and killed many men at Hook}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13697448\charrsid4553540  Norton }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12744606\charrsid4553540 (Oxford}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15870378\charrsid4553540 
shire) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13697448\charrsid4553540 and round about there}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12744606\charrsid4553540 : }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12744606\charrsid4553540 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13112520\charrsid4553540 , }{\f0\fs24\insrsid223849\charrsid4553540 pp. 62-63}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12744606\charrsid4553540  (in this and the following extracts the translation is from Whitelock and others)}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Again, in 917 Danish armies from Northampton, Leicester and north of there broke the peace and laid siege to Towcester}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15870378\charrsid4553540 
 (Northamptonshire)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 , which had been occupied and fortified by the English earl}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2509582\charrsid4553540 ier in the year}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 But King Edward }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2509582\charrsid4553540 the Elder }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
accepted submission of the Danish army from Northampton in that same year and proceeded to establish his control over the whole area of Danish settlement by buildin}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2509582\charrsid4553540 g fortresses at Stamford (Lincolnshire}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 ), Nottingham, Thelwall (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2509582\charrsid4553540 Cheshire), Manchester (Lancashire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 ) and Bakewell (Derby}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2509582\charrsid4553540 shire)}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8286735\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15870378\charrsid4553540 In that year }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8286735\charrsid4553540 Aethelflaed}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16142252\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8286735\charrsid4553540 obtained the borough which is called Derby, with all that belongs to it}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2509582\charrsid4553540 . In}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6710452\charrsid4553540 
 the next year}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2509582\charrsid4553540  Ae}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6710452\charrsid4553540 thelflaed}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
recovered by peaceful means the borough of Leicester for the English, the greater part of its Danish}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2509582\charrsid4553540  army becom}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10497518\charrsid4553540 ing subject to her}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13112520\charrsid4553540 :}{\f0\fs24\insrsid732627  the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13112520\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13112520\charrsid732627 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle}{\f0\fs24\insrsid732627 
 (Whitelock and others,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13112520\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid223849\charrsid4553540 p. 66}{\f0\fs24\insrsid732627 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10497518\charrsid4553540 . This presum}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2509582\charrsid4553540 
ably explains why there is no evidence of an English }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2509582\charrsid4553540 burh}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2509582\charrsid4553540  at Leicester}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10497518\charrsid4553540 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15870378\charrsid4553540 The future shire o}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2701964\charrsid4553540 f Leicester was probably in essence the territory that had been occupied by this army.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10497518\charrsid4553540 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13775020 {\f0\fs24\insrsid13775020\charrsid4553540 \tab In that same year}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6710452\charrsid4553540  (918) King Edward the Elder}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13775020\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6710452\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13775020\charrsid4553540 captured the borough of Nottingham 'and ordered it to be repaired and manned both with Englishmen and Danes. And all the 
people who had settled in Mercia, both Danish and English, submitted to him':}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13775020\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7102858 the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7102858\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7102858\charrsid732627 
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7102858  (Whitelock and others,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13112520\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid223849\charrsid4553540 p. 67}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7102858 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13775020\charrsid4553540 
. This brought an end to that particular Danish occupation of this area and began the process of its incorporation into a united England}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13112520\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13775020\charrsid4553540 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid805201 {\f0\fs24\insrsid13775020\charrsid4553540 \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10497518\charrsid4553540 
Scarcely had these areas been freed from Danish armies and begun to return to peaceful cultivation than they were}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  oppressed by the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Nors}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10497518\charrsid4553540 emen}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10497518\charrsid4553540 
 who had already taken York. They were liberated in 942 by King Edmund and formed an alliance}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15870378\charrsid4553540  known as the territory of the Five B}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10497518\charrsid4553540 oroughs. The }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid10497518\charrsid7102858 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10497518\charrsid4553540  for 942 records: }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10497518\charrsid4553540 
In this year, King Edmund, lord of the English, protector of men, the beloved performer of mighty deeds}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13775020\charrsid4553540 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10497518\charrsid4553540  overran Mercia, as bounded by the Dore, Whitwell gate and the}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid7102858  broad stream, the River Humber,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10497518\charrsid4553540  and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4553540\charrsid7102858 by}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10497518\charrsid4553540 
five boroughs, Leicester and Lincoln, Nottingham a
nd likewise Stamford and also Derby. The Danes were previously subjected by force under the Norsemen, for a long time in the bonds of captivity to the heathens, until the defender of warriors, the son of Edward, King Edmund, redeemed them, to his glory}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13112520\charrsid4553540 ' (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10497518\charrsid4553540 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10497518\charrsid4553540 , p. 71)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2701964\charrsid4553540 ;}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15870378\charrsid4553540  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid805201\charrsid4553540 see Mawer, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2701964\charrsid4553540 Redemption of the Five }{\f0\fs24\insrsid805201\charrsid4553540 Boroughs}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid805201\charrsid4553540 ; }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid805201\charrsid4553540 VCH Leicestershire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid805201\charrsid4553540 , iii. pp. 77-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13775020\charrsid4553540 7}{\f0\fs24\insrsid805201\charrsid4553540 8.
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13775020 {\f0\fs24\insrsid13775020\charrsid4553540 \tab This confederation was no doubt created so that the men of these boroughs and the territory a
round them could act quickly and jointly against the Vikings of York, but it also formed a buffer zone to protect southern Mercia and even Wessex and was probably intended to attract the Danes who had settled in the East Midlands away from }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid223849\charrsid4553540 the Vikings }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13775020\charrsid4553540 of York.
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid805201 {\f0\fs24\insrsid13775020\charrsid4553540 \tab The Five B}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10497518\charrsid4553540 
oroughs were still a distinct grouping early in the eleventh century (Stenton, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10497518\charrsid4553540 Anglo-Saxon England}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2701964\charrsid4553540 , p}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2317093\charrsid4553540 p}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2701964\charrsid4553540 . 385}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13775020\charrsid4553540 , 508-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2317093\charrsid4553540 13}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2701964\charrsid4553540 ) but}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13112520\charrsid4553540 ,}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid10497518\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2701964\charrsid4553540 however }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15870378\charrsid4553540 long they survived as a separate}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2701964\charrsid4553540 
 legal entity within the Danelaw, their need to be a defensive confederation came to an end in 954 with the death of Eric Bloodaxe, ruler of the Viking kingdom of York. This allowed the unification of England under a single monarch. From that}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13775020\charrsid4553540  time, the need of each of the Five B}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2701964\charrsid4553540 oroughs to have territory contributing to the maintenance of their fortifications will have begun to weaken. }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid10497518\charrsid4553540 By 1016 however, their territory had been shired, with four of the five towns}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15870378\charrsid4553540  becoming the capitals of counties}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10497518\charrsid4553540 
 named after them. The exception was Stamford, which, probably shorn of some of its territory to the north and west}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13775020\charrsid4553540 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10497518\charrsid4553540  was incorporated in}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15870378\charrsid4553540 to}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10497518\charrsid4553540  Lincolnshire. 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7603019 {\f0\fs24\insrsid2701964\charrsid4553540 \tab It is not possible to find}{\f0\fs24\insrsid805201\charrsid4553540  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2701964\charrsid4553540 the detail of how these territories centred on }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2701964\charrsid4553540 burh}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2701964\charrsid4553540 
s became shires, in the sense of acquiring a central administration of tax and justice, a county court and a sheriff. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4553540\charrsid7102858 
The Nottingham forest of Sherwood, meaning 'wood belonging to the shire' is mentioned in a copy of a genuine charter of 956 (Sawyer, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4553540\charrsid7102858 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4553540\charrsid7102858 
, no. 659), granting land in Southwell in Nottinghamshire (NTT 5,1) and if the name Sherwood there is not an updating (it corresponds to the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4553540\charrsid7102858 Hereswode}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4553540\charrsid7102858 
 of LEC C18), this suggests that some form of shiring had taken place by this time. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2701964\charrsid7102858 Certainly t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13775020\charrsid7102858 he land of all the Five B}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10497518\charrsid7102858 oro}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid10497518\charrsid4553540 ughs had been divided into wapentakes }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2701964\charrsid4553540 probably }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10497518\charrsid4553540 by the middle of the tenth cen}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7603019\charrsid4553540 
tury. The word wapentake is first found in the laws of King Edgar in 962 (Stenton, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7603019\charrsid4553540 Anglo-Saxon England}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7603019\charrsid4553540 , p. 505)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15870378\charrsid4553540 . T}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid10497518\charrsid4553540 he Wantage Code of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2701964\charrsid4553540 King }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10497518\charrsid4553540 Ethelred II }{\f0\fs24\insrsid805201\charrsid4553540 (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid805201\charrsid4553540 c}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid805201\charrsid4553540 . 997) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10497518\charrsid4553540 makes them fundamental to the administration of justice: }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10497518\charrsid4553540 English Historical}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid805201\charrsid4553540  }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10497518\charrsid4553540 Documents}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15472938\charrsid4553540 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10497518\charrsid4553540  i. pp.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13775020\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15472938\charrsid4553540 439-}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid10497518\charrsid4553540 42 no. 43; Stenton, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10497518\charrsid4553540 Anglo-Saxon England}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13775020\charrsid4553540 , pp. 507-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10497518\charrsid13829394 13}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13829394 . }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid10824843\charrsid13829394 For the text, which is in both Old English and Latin, see Liebermann, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10824843\charrsid13829394 Die Gesetze der Angelsachsen}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10824843\charrsid13829394 
, i. p. 228, and Robertson, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10824843\charrsid13829394 Laws of the Kings of England}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10824843\charrsid13829394 , pp. 64-65, 318-19.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10497518\charrsid13829394  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4553540\charrsid13829394 
In effect, the wapentakes, like the hundreds of Wessex and southern Mercia, assumed responsibility for peace and justice that had formerly been discharged by the multiple (usually royal) estates which were then beginning to break up. The Code makes each b
orough subordinate to the will of the other four. Breach of the peace, given in the assembly of the Five Boroughs, is amended by 12 hundreds [of "ora}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13829394 e}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4553540\charrsid13829394 
"], peace given in an individual borough by 6 hundreds and in a wapentake by one hundred. These 'hundreds' of "ora}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13829394 e"}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4553540\charrsid13829394 
 do not prove the existence at that time of the territorial small hundreds that are bound up with carucation, although the latter may well have become the territory responsible for providing the fine; see \{Introduction: Small Hundreds\}}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5904085\charrsid5904085  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5904085\charrsid10294923 and NTT S1 hundreds note}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4553540\charrsid13829394 
. In fact it is not certain at what point these wapentakes assumed responsibility for taxation and whether a carucation (which is a fiscal measure) was imposed on them from the start, or whether in the beginning they adopted or continued to us
e a previous hidatio}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3954418 n; see \{Introduction: Assessment of Land and Tax}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4553540\charrsid13829394 \}.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5904085  }{\f0\fs24\striked1\insrsid7603019\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7603019\charrsid4553540 \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid805201\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13847249\charrsid4553540 The federation of the Five B}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7603019\charrsid4553540 
oroughs did not last. Far from being loyal to the south of the country when}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13847249\charrsid4553540  Swein invaded in 1013, the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7603019\charrsid4553540 
 boroughs accepted him and the confederacy seems to have collapsed or been terminated soon after, when he was expelled.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri-341\nowidctlpar\tx284\faauto\rin-341\lin0\itap0\pararsid4423313 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\fs24\insrsid4423313\charrsid4553540 \tab 
Following the conquest by the Normans in 1066, Leicestershire was probably considerably damaged by the Conqueror}{\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\fs24\insrsid4423313\charrsid4553540 s march from Warwick to Nottingham}{
\fs24\insrsid5009857\charrsid4553540  in 1068 to sup}{\fs24\insrsid13847249\charrsid4553540 p}{\fs24\insrsid4423313\charrsid4553540 ress the first of }{\fs24\insrsid15601527\charrsid4553540 the revolts by }{\fs24\insrsid4423313\charrsid4553540 
Earl Edwin and Earl Morcar. The castle in the city of Leicester was probably constructed at this time, though it is not mentioned in Domesday nor named in the }{\fs24\insrsid4423313\charrsid5904085 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle}{
\fs24\insrsid13847249\charrsid4553540 , though its existence may be implied there}{\fs24\insrsid4423313\charrsid4553540 : }{\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\fs24\insrsid4423313\charrsid4553540 
He then went to Nottingham and built a castle there, and so went to York and there built two castles and in Lincoln and everywhere in that}{\fs24\insrsid16142252\charrsid4553540  }{\fs24\insrsid4423313\charrsid4553540 district}{
\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\fs24\insrsid4423313\charrsid4553540  (}{\fs24\insrsid5904085 Whitelock and others}{\fs24\insrsid4423313\charrsid4553540 , p. 148)}{\fs24\insrsid7950442\charrsid4553540 ; see }{
\i\fs24\insrsid7950442\charrsid4553540 VCH Leicestershire}{\fs24\insrsid7950442\charrsid4553540 , iv. p.}{\fs24\insrsid15601527\charrsid4553540  }{\fs24\insrsid7950442\charrsid4553540 3}{\fs24\insrsid15601527\charrsid4553540 .}{
\fs24\insrsid4423313\charrsid4553540 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri-341\nowidctlpar\tx284\faauto\rin-341\lin0\itap0\pararsid11404210 {\fs24\insrsid11404210\charrsid4553540 (}{\fs24\insrsid15601527\charrsid4553540 On the h}{\fs24\insrsid4423313\charrsid4553540 istory of the shire}{
\fs24\insrsid15472938\charrsid4553540 ,}{\fs24\insrsid4423313\charrsid4553540  see}{\fs24\insrsid11082769\charrsid4553540  }{\i\fs24\insrsid5009857\charrsid4553540 VCH Leicestershire}{\fs24\insrsid5009857\charrsid4553540 , ii. pp.}{
\fs24\insrsid11404210\charrsid4553540  74-80; Cain }{\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\fs24\insrsid11404210\charrsid4553540 Introduction}{\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\fs24\insrsid11404210\charrsid4553540 ,}{
\fs24\insrsid15601527\charrsid4553540  }{\i\fs24\insrsid11404210\charrsid4553540 Leicestershire Domesday}{\fs24\insrsid11404210\charrsid4553540 , pp. }{\fs24\insrsid8156905\charrsid4553540 2-5}{\fs24\insrsid11404210\charrsid4553540 ; }{
\fs24\cf1\insrsid11404210\charrsid4553540 Phythian-Adams, }{\i\fs24\cf1\insrsid11404210\charrsid4553540 Norman Conquest of Leicestershire and Rutland}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid11404210\charrsid4553540 .)}{\fs24\insrsid4423313\charrsid4553540 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7603019 \f2\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs24\insrsid4423313 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5904085\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13847249\charrsid4553540 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8286735 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid8732330\charrsid4553540 ASSESSMENT OF LAND AND TAX}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid8286735\charrsid4553540 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15486653 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14434266\charrsid4553540 Like other shires that emerged from the territory of the Five Boroughs, Leicestershire is assessed }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13847249\charrsid4553540 in 1066 as in 1086 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14434266\charrsid4553540 not in the hides and virgates that are particular}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5797134\charrsid4553540 l}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14434266\charrsid4553540 
y associated with Wessex, East Anglia and southern and western Mercia but in carucates and bovates. As to the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5797134\charrsid4553540 origins of this assessment, the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14434266\charrsid4553540 re are many obscurities.}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15486653\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5797134\charrsid4553540 It is not certain when carucation took place nor is it known if it}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15486653\charrsid4553540  was imposed }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3956963\charrsid4553540 
jointly }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15486653\charrsid4553540 across the terri}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3956963\charrsid4553540 tory of the Five B}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5797134\charrsid4553540 oroughs or}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15486653\charrsid4553540 
 evolved separately within each of the four shires that emerged from it (the lands of Stamford and Lincoln having merged to form the single county of Lincoln}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5797134\charrsid4553540 shire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15486653\charrsid4553540 ).

\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8156905 {\f0\fs24\insrsid15601527\charrsid4553540 \tab 
Like hidation, carucation would be a simple way of assessing the tax burden that each estate should bear, by estimating its product}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8156905\charrsid4553540 ive land. Some form of assessment of land }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15601527\charrsid4553540 would have to be in place for the levying o}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8156905\charrsid4553540 f Danegeld under King Ethelred (978}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5904085  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8156905\charrsid4553540 x}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5904085  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8156905\charrsid4553540 979-1016), but might }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15601527\charrsid4553540 have been needed ea}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8156905\charrsid4553540 rlier in the lands of the Five B}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15601527\charrsid4553540 oroughs for the upkeep of the defensive }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15601527\charrsid4553540 burh}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15601527\charrsid5904085 s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8156905\charrsid4553540  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15601527\charrsid4553540 at the time of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8156905\charrsid4553540 the confederation (from 942)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1726840\charrsid4553540 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15601527\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8156905\charrsid4553540 
However, a pre-existing hidation, fragments of which are visible in charters}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2034903\charrsid4553540 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8156905\charrsid4553540  would have served the purpose}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2034903\charrsid4553540 , and caruca}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8156905\charrsid4553540 tion could have taken place later.
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15486653 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid15601527 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5904085\charrsid4553540 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8286735 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid1183423\charrsid4553540 Hides}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid2191142\charrsid4553540  and Virgates}{
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid1183423\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5797134\charrsid4553540 Although Leicestershire is assessed in carucates and bovates, t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9178246\charrsid4553540 he word }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9178246\charrsid4553540 hide}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9178246\charrsid4553540  does occur in}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5797134\charrsid4553540  the text}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9178246\charrsid4553540 , and appears to be used in two ways.}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1183423\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5797134\charrsid4553540 \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9178246\charrsid4553540 The first is }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5797134\charrsid4553540 as a large unit only found in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9178246\charrsid4553540 Leicestershire}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8156905\charrsid4553540  and}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8130541\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3956963\charrsid4553540 (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8130541\charrsid4553540 with a different size}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3956963\charrsid4553540 )}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8130541\charrsid4553540  in West D}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5797134\charrsid4553540 erby Hundred in the land }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5797134\charrsid4553540 Between the Ribble and the Mersey}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5797134\charrsid4553540  attached to Cheshire (CHS }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12938043\charrsid4553540 R1,44}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5797134\charrsid4553540 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12938043\charrsid4553540 . This }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8130541\charrsid4553540 Leicestershire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12938043\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9178246\charrsid4553540 hide is a grouping of car}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12938043\charrsid4553540 ucates. It occurs }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8130541\charrsid4553540 several }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9178246\charrsid4553540 times without an indication of its size }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8130541\charrsid4553540 (1,6;9-10. 3,2. 9,1. 10,1. 13,1. 18,3. 25,1-2. 44,3-4) }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9178246\charrsid4553540 but in the entry for Burbage (6,1) the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9178246\charrsid4553540 1 hide}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8130541\charrsid4553540  and the f}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9178246\charrsid4553540 ourth part of 1 hide}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9178246\charrsid4553540  appears to be explained by the succeeding}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8156905\charrsid4553540  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9178246\charrsid4553540 22 \'bd carucates of land}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8156905\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9178246\charrsid4553540 . That this hide is equivalent to 18 carucates}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3155374\charrsid4553540  is borne out by the entry for Kilby (38,1) where }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3155374\charrsid4553540 2 parts of 1 hide}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3155374\charrsid4553540  is said to be }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3155374\charrsid4553540 12 carucates of land}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3155374\charrsid4553540 
. The same phrase is found in the entry for Bruntingthorpe (44,6). That for Melton Mowbray (29,3) seems exceptional: }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3155374\charrsid4553540 7 hides, 1 carucate }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8156905\charrsid4553540 of land and 1 bovate}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3155374\charrsid4553540 . In each hide are 14 \'bd carucates of land}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3155374\charrsid4553540 
. The equation 1 hide = 18 carucates works for }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4416325\charrsid4553540 many of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3155374\charrsid4553540 those estates that in Domesday are measured in hides, but in the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3155374\charrsid5904085 
Leicestershire }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid5904085 Survey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3155374\charrsid5904085  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3155374\charrsid4553540 appear in carucates}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8156905\charrsid4553540 , although some re}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4416325\charrsid4553540 assessments took place}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8156905\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4416325\charrsid4553540 between the dates of the two documents}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2034903\charrsid4553540 .}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4416325\charrsid4553540 
\par \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3155374\charrsid4553540 This large hide appears to be used to measure large estates and to be a conv}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4416325\charrsid4553540 enient unit that avoids using larger Roman numerals}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3155374\charrsid4553540  for }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4416325\charrsid4553540 a multiplicity }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3155374\charrsid4553540 of carucates, though figures of more than 18 caruca}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4729424\charrsid4553540 
tes do occur in the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8156905\charrsid4553540 Leicestershire }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4729424\charrsid4553540 text. It ap}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3155374\charrsid4553540 pears to be perfectly integrated into the }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3155374\charrsid4553540 Danish}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3155374\charrsid4553540  duodecimal assessments of Leicest}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4729424\charrsid4553540 
ershire. There has been specula}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3155374\charrsid4553540 tion that this hide }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4416325\charrsid4553540 is a vestige of Middle Anglian a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3155374\charrsid4553540 
ssessments or is a Mercian hide equivalent to 30 Saxon hides. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid24098\charrsid4553540 It certainly cannot be the Saxon hide itself, for Leicestershire was assessed in 1086 at about 2600 carucate
s which could not possibly equate to an assessment as}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4729424\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid24098\charrsid4553540 low as 144 Saxon hides. It is difficult to prove the existenc}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4416325\charrsid4553540 
e of a Middle Anglian hide, or of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid24098\charrsid4553540  Mercian hides, especially as the earliest hidation for Mercia}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4729424\charrsid4553540  in the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4729424\charrsid5904085 Tribal H}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid24098\charrsid5904085 idage}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4416325\charrsid4553540 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4729424\charrsid4553540  however optimistic}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4416325\charrsid4553540 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4729424\charrsid4553540  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid24098\charrsid4553540 is expressed in Saxon hides }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4416325\charrsid4553540 (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4729424\charrsid4553540 30,000}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16142252\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid24098\charrsid4553540 hides for }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4729424\charrsid4553540 the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4729424\charrsid4553540 Myrcenes}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4416325\charrsid4553540  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4729424\charrsid4553540 landes}{\f0\fs24\insrsid24098\charrsid4553540 ).}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3155374\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1183423\charrsid4553540 \tab Leicestershire is the most heavily assessed of the shires measured in carucates and bovates, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6451127\charrsid4553540 its 2604}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4476004\charrsid4553540  carucates}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4416325\charrsid4553540  contrasting with }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6451127\charrsid4553540 about 520 for Nottinghamshire (including }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13518136 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6451127\charrsid4553540 Roteland}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13518136 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6451127\charrsid4553540 ) and 535 for Derbyshire.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1183423\charrsid4553540  In these circumstance}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6451127\charrsid4553540 s, the existence of a larger u}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1183423\charrsid4553540 
nit of assessment (the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1183423\charrsid4553540 large hide}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1183423\charrsid4553540 ) may have simply arisen as a convenient comput}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6451127\charrsid4553540 ational device. Moreover, if this}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1183423\charrsid4553540  hide is a function of carucation, it may date from no earlier than the e}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4416325\charrsid4553540 l}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4476004\charrsid4553540 eventh century; see \{Introducti}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4416325\charrsid4553540 on: Carucates and Bovates\}}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6451127\charrsid4553540 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1183423\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8263239\charrsid4553540 \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1726840\charrsid4553540 The sec}{\f0\fs24\insrsid223849\charrsid4553540 ond use is probably erroneous: twice}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14887917\charrsid4553540  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8263239\charrsid4553540 the word}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4729424\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4729424\charrsid4553540 hide}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4729424\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1183423\charrsid4553540 appear}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4729424\charrsid4553540 s to be a mere slip}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1183423\charrsid4553540  of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4729424\charrsid4553540 the pen for }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4729424\charrsid4553540 carucate}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1183423\charrsid4553540 . In}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1726840\charrsid4553540 
 both cases (Donington-le-Heath at 39,2 and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1183423\charrsid4553540 Burton-on}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4476004\charrsid4553540 -the-Wolds}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1726840\charrsid4553540  at }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4476004\charrsid4553540 43}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1726840\charrsid4553540 ,3) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1183423\charrsid4553540 the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6451127\charrsid4553540 resources of the estate}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1726840\charrsid4553540 
 are too small for an 18-carucate hide; see 39,2 hides note; 43,3 hide note. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid223849\charrsid4553540 There are several instances}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2191142\charrsid4553540  in Great Domesday}{\f0\fs24\insrsid223849\charrsid4553540  where th
}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2191142\charrsid4553540 e main scribe }{\f0\fs24\insrsid223849\charrsid4553540 seems to have inadvertently}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2191142\charrsid4553540  used}{\f0\fs24\insrsid223849\charrsid4553540  the wrong }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2191142\charrsid4553540 assessment term}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13438268\charrsid4553540 . For example}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14887917\charrsid4553540 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13438268\charrsid4553540  i}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14887917\charrsid4553540 n Hunt
ingdonshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13438268\charrsid4553540  he wrote carucates on three occasions and corrected two of them to }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14887917\charrsid4553540 hides}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13438268\charrsid4553540  (HUN 15,1. 17,1, but not 29,6)}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2191142\charrsid4553540 . A}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13438268\charrsid4553540 
s that county was assessed in hides, rather than the carucates of the rest of circuit VI, which he had just completed, the errors are explicable. He also wrote 'carucates' for 'hides' in Bedfordshire (BDF 23,36) and corrected himself. Although }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1183423\charrsid4553540 Northamp}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13438268\charrsid4553540 tonshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14887917\charrsid4553540 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13438268\charrsid4553540  in the same circuit as Leicestershire}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14887917\charrsid4553540 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4476004\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1183423\charrsid4553540 is m}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6451127\charrsid4553540 easured in hides}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4476004\charrsid4553540  and virgates,}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13438268\charrsid4553540  there are two occurrence}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14887917\charrsid4553540 s of carucates (NTH 1,5. 35,21);}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13438268\charrsid4553540  the first }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14887917\charrsid4553540 is }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13438268\charrsid4553540 probably explicable (NTH 1,5 carucate note)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2191142\charrsid4553540 , but the second is most likely}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14887917\charrsid4553540  a mistake. For the appearance t
wice of virgates in Lincolnshire, which was assessed in carucates and bovates, see LIN 12,18 virgates note.}{\f0\fs24\highlight5\insrsid4476004\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1183423\charrsid4553540 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4729424 {\f0\fs24\insrsid4729424\charrsid4553540 \tab Virgates }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6451127\charrsid4553540 also }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4416325\charrsid4553540 
appear }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14887917\charrsid4553540 in Domesday Leicestershire }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4416325\charrsid4553540 at 8,3. 13,13;46. 17,10;}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4729424\charrsid4553540 12-14;17. 27,4. 40,6. In the Saxon hide, the vi}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6451127\charrsid4553540 rgate is a quarter. If the Leicestershire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4416325\charrsid4553540  virgate were}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4729424\charrsid4553540  a qu}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4416325\charrsid4553540 arter of the large }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2820041\charrsid4553540 18-carucate }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4416325\charrsid4553540 hide, it would}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4729424\charrsid4553540  have been awkwardly equivalent to 4 \'bd carucates. This cannot be so}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4416325\charrsid4553540 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4729424\charrsid4553540  as at 17,12 the size of the estate (3 \'bd carucates less 1 virgate}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6451127\charrsid4553540 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4729424\charrsid4553540 
 would be a minus quantity. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2820041\charrsid4553540 Virgates only occur as plus 1 virgate or }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1398299\charrsid4553540 minus 1 virgate or as a quarter-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2820041\charrsid4553540 virgate }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1398299\charrsid4553540 or as a third of a virgate}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2191142\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2820041\charrsid4553540 of a virgate. It is possible that in some cases, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11731992\charrsid4553540 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2820041\charrsid4553540 virgate}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11731992\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2820041\charrsid4553540  is a slip for }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11731992\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2820041\charrsid4553540 bovate}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11731992\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2191142\charrsid4553540 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2820041\charrsid4553540  but in most if not all cases the virgate is probably equivalent to two bovates (a quarter of a carucate), as it was in the }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2820041\charrsid5904085 Leicestershire Survey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2820041\charrsid4553540 . This is clearly the equation in cases where a direct and unequivocal comparison can }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5904085 be made between Domesday and that}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2820041\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2820041\charrsid5904085 Survey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2820041\charrsid4553540 ; see for example }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7175755\charrsid4553540 1,3 Halstead }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2820041\charrsid4553540 note and 
}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7175755\charrsid4553540 1,4 Carlton }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2820041\charrsid4553540 note. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2191142\charrsid4553540 However, in}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4729424\charrsid4553540  27,4 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2191142\charrsid4553540 a tru}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4729424\charrsid4553540 e virgate is involved}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2191142\charrsid4553540 : }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4729424\charrsid4553540 27,4}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16142252\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5904085 s}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid7553590\charrsid4553540 cribe B}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2191142\charrsid4553540  note.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4729424\charrsid4553540 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8286735 {\f0\fs24\insrsid4729424 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5904085\charrsid4553540 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15279495 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid16347244\charrsid4553540 Carucates and Bovates}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9178246\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16347244\charrsid4553540 In the hidated counties of England, the existence of estates assessed in 5, 10, 15 or 20 hides, and of adjacent holdings that, however fragmented their own figures are}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6451127\charrsid4553540 ,}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16347244\charrsid4553540  nonetheless in aggregate add up to five hides or other }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16347244\charrsid4553540 decimal}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16347244\charrsid4553540  figures}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1508894\charrsid4553540 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16347244\charrsid4553540  suggests that hidation was imposed from above and round assessments }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1508894\charrsid4553540 
were applied to or }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16347244\charrsid4553540 split betw}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6451127\charrsid4553540 e}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16347244\charrsid4553540 
en estates. The same is true of carucates and bovates in Leicestershire. Many are the assessments that either individually or in total make 3 or 6 or 18 or 24 or 36 carucates. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6451127\charrsid4553540 E}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16347244\charrsid4553540 ven apparent fragments combine to make duodecimal numbers}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11082769\charrsid4553540 ; }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5587390\charrsid4553540 see }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5587390\charrsid4553540 VCH Leicestershire}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid7175755\charrsid4553540 , i. pp. 279-80}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5587390\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6451127\charrsid4553540 Further, t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5587390\charrsid4553540 
hese units of villar assessment combine into larger duodecimal units which form the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5587390\charrsid4553540 small hundreds}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5587390\charrsid4553540  evidenced in the}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5587390\charrsid5904085  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5587390\charrsid5904085 Leicestershire }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid5904085 Survey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5587390\charrsid5904085 , b}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5587390\charrsid4553540 ut not in Domesday for this county}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1508894\charrsid4553540 ; see}{\f0\fs24\insrsid814161\charrsid4553540  \{Introduction: Small Hundreds\}}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5587390\charrsid4553540 .
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5587390 {\f0\fs24\insrsid5587390\charrsid4553540 \tab The date of this carucation has been much discussed for the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6451127\charrsid4553540 
 evidence provided by Domesday is both tantalising and insufficient}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4084424\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1508894\charrsid4553540 The terms }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1508894\charrsid4553540 
carucate}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1508894\charrsid4553540  and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1508894\charrsid4553540 bovate}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1508894\charrsid4553540  are particularly associated with the Danelaw counties, though they are not in origin Scandinavian terms. The }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4084424\charrsid4553540 duodecimality }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1508894\charrsid4553540 
of the assessment }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4084424\charrsid4553540 might suggest that carucation originated }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5587390\charrsid4553540 during the Danish occupation }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4084424\charrsid4553540 of the late ninth century }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5587390\charrsid4553540 or after the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6451127\charrsid4553540 ensuing }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5587390\charrsid4553540 peace with the English or following the liberatio}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7175755\charrsid4553540 n of the Five B}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4084424\charrsid4553540 oroughs}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6451127\charrsid4553540  in 942}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4084424\charrsid4553540 . Even }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1508894\charrsid4553540 if this is }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4084424\charrsid4553540 
so, it is not clear }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1508894\charrsid4553540 how far it began from}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5587390\charrsid4553540  the conversion of much older hidage figures}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4084424\charrsid4553540 
As to a date}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6451127\charrsid4553540  in}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4084424\charrsid4553540  the late ninth century}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6451127\charrsid4553540  or at the beginning of the tenth century}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4084424\charrsid4553540 , i}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6451127\charrsid4553540 t is not evident}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4084424\charrsid4553540  that conditions were sufficiently settled nor an administrati}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6451127\charrsid4553540 ve apparatus available for }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1508894\charrsid4553540 a }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6451127\charrsid4553540 carucation }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1508894\charrsid4553540 (in the sense of a new assessment) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4084424\charrsid4553540 
to have taken place. Had carucation been a joint enterprise by the Five Boroughs, i}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6451127\charrsid4553540 t might have been expected to b}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4084424\charrsid4553540 e more uniformly applied, whereas the carucation of}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1508894\charrsid4553540  Leicestershire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4084424\charrsid4553540  is greatly in excess of that for the adjacent Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire. This argument could be discounted if it }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6451127\charrsid4553540 could be shown or thought likel}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4084424\charrsid4553540 y that }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6451127\charrsid4553540 t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4084424\charrsid4553540 here had been }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1508894\charrsid4553540 subsequent }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4084424\charrsid4553540 increases or reductions tha}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6451127\charrsid4553540 t had made the shires appear di}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4084424\charrsid4553540 fferent. 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6044392\charrsid4553540 \tab Any atte}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1508894\charrsid4553540 mpt to assign carucation to }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7175755\charrsid4553540 the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid797197\charrsid4553540 late }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1508894\charrsid4553540 ninth}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7175755\charrsid4553540  century}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1508894\charrsid4553540  or }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7175755\charrsid4553540 to }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1508894\charrsid4553540 the }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6044392\charrsid4553540 tenth century has to surmount two difficulties, one minor and one major. The minor}{\f0\fs24\insrsid665258\charrsid4553540  difficulty is that}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1508894\charrsid4553540  the regularity of caruca}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid7175755\charrsid4553540 tion which is }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13905663\charrsid4553540 most evident in Domesday }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13518136 'Roteland'}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13905663\charrsid4553540  and in the later }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13905663\charrsid5904085 L}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1508894\charrsid5904085 indsey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13905663\charrsid5904085  Survey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13905663\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1508894\charrsid4553540 and }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1508894\charrsid5904085 Leicestershire Survey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13905663\charrsid4553540  (\{see Introduction: }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15881878 The Leicestershire Survey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13905663\charrsid4553540 \}), but }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid7175755\charrsid4553540 is }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13905663\charrsid4553540 in large part recoverable from Domesday itself}{\f0\fs24\insrsid797197\charrsid4553540 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1508894\charrsid4553540  suggests a}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid665258\charrsid4553540  process}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1508894\charrsid4553540  that was }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6044392\charrsid4553540 the result of a single administrative decision }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1508894\charrsid4553540 
(even if the actual assessment }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13905663\charrsid4553540 was applied more or less heavil}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1508894\charrsid4553540 y)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13905663\charrsid4553540 
 and one that was carried out at a late date, though before 1066. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2840278\charrsid4553540 It also seems artificial, dictated essentially by duodecimal assessment}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7175755\charrsid4553540 s and grouping vills which}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2840278\charrsid4553540  are not always adjacent and often ignoring relationships between estates. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13905663\charrsid4553540 In terms of regularity it has as}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7175755\charrsid4553540 
 its parallel the shiring of s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6044392\charrsid4553540 outhern Mercia (divided into regular multiples of hides and virgates, allotted to hundreds) which appears to have taken}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16142252\charrsid4553540  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4416325\charrsid4553540 place in the early eleventh cen}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6044392\charrsid4553540 tury and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7175755\charrsid4553540 which contrasts}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6044392\charrsid4553540 
 markedly with the complex process of growth and change which produced the pattern of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13905663\charrsid4553540  e}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6044392\charrsid4553540 states}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13905663\charrsid4553540 ,}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6044392\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13905663\charrsid4553540 hides }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6044392\charrsid4553540 and hundreds in Wessex.
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14434266\charrsid4553540 \tab The second difficulty is important}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6044392\charrsid4553540 : that there are no tenth}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13905663\charrsid4553540 -century}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6044392\charrsid4553540  or }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid7175755\charrsid4553540 pre-C}{\f0\fs24\insrsid665258\charrsid4553540 onquest }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13905663\charrsid4553540 eleventh-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6044392\charrsid4553540 
century charter grants that mention carucates and bovates, but several, i}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14434266\charrsid4553540 n}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6044392\charrsid4553540 cluding some tow}{\f0\fs24\insrsid665258\charrsid4553540 ards the }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13905663\charrsid4553540 end of the reign of Edward the C}{\f0\fs24\insrsid665258\charrsid4553540 onfessor (1042-1066)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7175755\charrsid4553540 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid665258\charrsid4553540  which contin}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6044392\charrsid4553540 ue to make grants i}{\f0\fs24\insrsid665258\charrsid4553540 n}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6044392\charrsid4553540  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6044392\charrsid4553540 mansae}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6044392\charrsid4553540  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13905663\charrsid4553540 or }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13905663\charrsid4553540 mansiones}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13905663\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6044392\charrsid4553540 or }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6044392\charrsid4553540 cassati}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16142252\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6044392\charrsid4553540 or }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6044392\charrsid4553540 hidae}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6044392\charrsid4553540 , tha}{\f0\fs24\insrsid665258\charrsid4553540 t}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6044392\charrsid4553540  is in hides. It is ingenious, though not convincing, to argue that the carucate is merely a fiscal assessment and that the hide is the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6044392\charrsid4553540 whole agricultural package}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6044392\charrsid4553540  and that therefore the two co-existed}{\f0\fs24\insrsid665258\charrsid4553540  (}{
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16281323\charrsid4553540 Phythian-Adams, }{\i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16281323\charrsid4553540 Norman Conquest of Leicestershire and Rutland}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16281323\charrsid4553540 , pp.}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16021730\charrsid4553540  
}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16281323\charrsid4553540 32-33}{\f0\fs24\insrsid665258\charrsid4553540 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16021730\charrsid4553540 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13905663\charrsid4553540  B}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14434266\charrsid4553540 y this time in We}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid665258\charrsid4553540 s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14434266\charrsid4553540 sex and southern }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13905663\charrsid4553540 and western }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14434266\charrsid4553540 
Mercia the hide was capable of being both a grant of land and a unit of taxation. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7175755\charrsid4553540 Moreover, a
fter 1086, grants in the former Danelaw counties are often expressed in carucates and bovates and never in hides and virgates, suggesting that one assessment had entirely replaced the other. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15951501\charrsid4553540 Taken at face }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid665258\charrsid4553540 value, the existence of hides or their equivalents in charters suggests that these shires were still hidated}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16021730\charrsid4553540  at their particular dates; see, for}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5904085 
 example RUT 1,20 o}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11885266\charrsid4553540 utliers note}{\f0\fs24\insrsid665258\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11885266\charrsid4553540 Because the carucation of Nottinghamshire is li}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8732330\charrsid4553540 n}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11885266\charrsid4553540 ked to that of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13518136 'Roteland'}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11885266\charrsid4553540 , }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8732330\charrsid4553540 the date of its imposition }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11885266\charrsid4553540 
for Nottinghamshire (and probably, because of their similarities}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8732330\charrsid4553540 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11885266\charrsid4553540  for Derbyshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8732330\charrsid4553540 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11885266\charrsid4553540 
 depends on when }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13518136 'Roteland'}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11885266\charrsid4553540  was detached from Northamptonshire and incorporated fiscally into Nottinghamshire; see RUT \{Introduction: History\}. RUT \{Introduction: Carucation\}. }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9705848\charrsid4553540 Certainly carucation is pre-C}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14434266\charrsid4553540 onquest (in some entries it is ex}{\f0\fs24\insrsid665258\charrsid4553540 p}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14434266\charrsid4553540 licit}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16021730\charrsid4553540 l}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14434266\charrsid4553540 y a }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14434266\charrsid4553540 T}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13905663\charrsid4553540 .}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14434266\charrsid4553540 R}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13905663\charrsid4553540 .}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14434266\charrsid4553540 E}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13905663\charrsid4553540 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14434266\charrsid4553540  measure), but it could date from late in the Confessor}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15486653\charrsid4553540 s reign}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16021730\charrsid4553540 . If a reassessment were carried out, it could have been expressed in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16021730\charrsid4553540 Saxon}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16021730\charrsid4553540 
 hides, but it is likely that new terms were adopted for those people who were used to counting in twelves rather than in tens.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6044392\charrsid4553540 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14957651 {\f0\fs24\insrsid4084424\charrsid4553540 \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14957651\charrsid4553540 
It is almost impossible to reach an exact and agreed total of hides or carucates for any shire because some figures are missing or inadequate and unsuspected duplicate entries may swell the total}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15486653\charrsid4553540 The total assessment of the shire }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4739542\charrsid4553540 according to Cain}{\f0\fs24\insrsid665258\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4739542\charrsid4553540 (}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid665258\charrsid4553540 Int}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16059589\charrsid4553540 r}{\f0\fs24\insrsid665258\charrsid4553540 oduction}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid665258\charrsid4553540 , }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid665258\charrsid4553540 Leicestershire Domesday}{\f0\fs24\insrsid665258\charrsid4553540 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16142252\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid665258\charrsid4553540 p. 11}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2425245\charrsid4553540 ) is 2604 carucates. It is }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4739542\charrsid4553540 2319}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11885266\charrsid4553540  carucates}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12979526\charrsid4553540  and 6 \'bd bovates plus and}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11885266\charrsid4553540  17 11/12 hides}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12979526\charrsid4553540  (that is 2642}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14957651\charrsid4553540  caruca}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2425245\charrsid4553540 tes}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12979526\charrsid4553540 
 and 2 \'bd bovates}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2425245\charrsid4553540  at 18 carucates to the hide}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14957651\charrsid4553540 ) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4739542\charrsid4553540 according to Stenton (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5264753\charrsid4553540 
VCH Leicestershire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5264753\charrsid4553540 , i. p}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12979526\charrsid4553540 p}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5264753\charrsid4553540 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11885266\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12979526\charrsid4553540 
304-305; he excluded figures for the borough of Leicester}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5264753\charrsid4553540 ). }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14957651\charrsid4553540 Maitland, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14957651\charrsid4553540 Domesday Book and Beyond}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14957651\charrsid4553540 , p}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8732330\charrsid4553540 p}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14957651\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8732330\charrsid4553540 400, 464, gave a figure of 2500 (?) under the heading 'Hides, Carucates, Sulungs'
}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16142252\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5264753\charrsid4553540 Holly (in }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5264753\charrsid4553540 Domesday Geography of Midland England}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12979526\charrsid4553540 , p. 327}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5264753\charrsid4553540 ) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2425245\charrsid4553540 using the mo}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4739542\charrsid4553540 dern county as the basis of his calculations found 2382 carucates}
{\f0\fs24\insrsid8732330\charrsid4553540 , 1/6 bovate and 18 \u8532\'3f hides}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4739542\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14957651\charrsid4553540 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5587390 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14957651\charrsid4553540 \tab Whatever the exact figure, t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4739542\charrsid4553540 
his is a heavy burden placed on the county, especially in contrast to neig}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5264753\charrsid4553540 hbouring ones}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4739542\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2425245\charrsid4553540 
It is several times the individual assessments of Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire and this seems reflected in the fact that what are normally regarded as 12-carucate }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2425245\charrsid4553540 
small}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2425245\charrsid4553540  hundreds are larger in Leicestershire. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4739542\charrsid4553540 There are signs that the ploughland }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2425245\charrsid4553540 
assessment}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5904085  recogniz}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4739542\charrsid4553540 es this}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11885266\charrsid4553540 ; see \{Introduction: P}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2425245\charrsid4553540 loughlands\}}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4739542\charrsid4553540 . However, according to Cain (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16059589\charrsid4553540 Introduction}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16059589\charrsid4553540 , }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16059589\charrsid4553540 Leicestershire Domesday}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16059589\charrsid4553540 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16142252\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16059589\charrsid4553540 p. 11}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4739542\charrsid4553540 ), the assessment of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11695556\charrsid4553540  county could once have been 432}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4739542\charrsid4553540 0 hides (taking a hide as equiv}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16281323\charrsid4553540 
alent to a ca}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16059589\charrsid4553540 rucate for this purpose, and that }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4739542\charrsid4553540 the 18-car}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16059589\charrsid4553540 ucate }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16059589\charrsid4553540 large hides}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16059589\charrsid4553540  had formerly}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4739542\charrsid4553540  bee}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16059589\charrsid4553540 n}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4739542\charrsid4553540  assessed}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16059589\charrsid4553540  as a decima}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4739542\charrsid4553540 l 30 hides or carucates). The total of 2604 carucates in 1086 would repr}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16059589\charrsid4553540 es}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4739542\charrsid4553540 ent a 40% }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16059589\charrsid4553540 downwards }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4739542\charrsid4553540 revis}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16059589\charrsid4553540 ion}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11695556\charrsid4553540 . The figure of 432}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4739542\charrsid4553540 0 however is based on two assumptions, firstly th}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16059589\charrsid4553540 at as in Wessex according to t}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4739542\charrsid4553540 he Burghal Hidage}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16059589\charrsid4553540 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4739542\charrsid4553540  the number }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2425245\charrsid4553540 of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4739542\charrsid4553540 
hides that cont}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16059589\charrsid4553540 r}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4739542\charrsid4553540 ibuted to the upkeep of the defences of the fortified }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4739542\charrsid4553540 burh}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4739542\charrsid4553540 
 was related to the length of the circuit of the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4739542\charrsid4553540 burh}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16059589\charrsid4553540 s wall, and secondly that this length can be calcula}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4739542\charrsid4553540 ted}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16059589\charrsid4553540  for Leicester}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4739542\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11695556\charrsid4553540 Neith}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16059589\charrsid4553540 
er assumption is certain. In pa}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11695556\charrsid4553540 rticular, Leicester as a Roman city will have }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16059589\charrsid4553540 already }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11695556\charrsid4553540 had walls }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16059589\charrsid4553540 surrounding much or all of the settlement. T}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11695556\charrsid4553540 his may have made the situatio}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16059589\charrsid4553540 n exceptio}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11695556\charrsid4553540 
nal}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16059589\charrsid4553540  as the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16059589\charrsid4553540 burh}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16059589\charrsid4553540 s are generally smaller}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2425245\charrsid4553540  and newly constructed. Moreo}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11695556\charrsid4553540 ver, Leicester }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16059589\charrsid4553540 is said to have }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11695556\charrsid4553540 yielded to Aethelflaed without a fight }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16059589\charrsid4553540 \{
Introduction: History\}}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11695556\charrsid4553540 and there is no evidence that she or }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2425245\charrsid4553540 her husband }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11695556\charrsid4553540 Aethelred or }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2425245\charrsid4553540 
King }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11695556\charrsid4553540 Edward the Elder }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16059589\charrsid4553540 had }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11695556\charrsid4553540 built a }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid11695556\charrsid4553540 burh}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16059589\charrsid4553540 
 there}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11695556\charrsid4553540 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5587390\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5587390 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5904085\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid814161\charrsid4553540 Ploughlands}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid11695556\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16059589\charrsid4553540 M}{\f0\fs24\insrsid814161\charrsid4553540 any Domesday counties contain an estimate of the number of teams}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16059589\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid814161\charrsid4553540 that coul}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11885266\charrsid4553540 d be employed on the land. These}{\f0\fs24\insrsid814161\charrsid4553540  are often known as }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid814161\charrsid4553540 ploughlands}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid814161\charrsid4553540  or }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11885266\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid814161\charrsid4553540 teamlands}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11885266\charrsid4553540 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid814161\charrsid4553540  and a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2425245\charrsid4553540 ppear to be an attempt to assess}{\f0\fs24\insrsid814161\charrsid4553540  the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16059589\charrsid4553540 real }{\f0\fs24\insrsid814161\charrsid4553540 
potential}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2425245\charrsid4553540  of arable land, whether gre}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11885266\charrsid4553540 ater or smaller, in}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16059589\charrsid4553540  contrast to}{\f0\fs24\insrsid814161\charrsid4553540 
 the fiscal assessments of land which in theory were or had been }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2425245\charrsid4553540 themselves }{\f0\fs24\insrsid814161\charrsid4553540 related to produc}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16059589\charrsid4553540 t}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid814161\charrsid4553540 ivity. In many counties the number}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16059589\charrsid4553540 s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid814161\charrsid4553540  of pl}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11885266\charrsid4553540 
oughs or ploughlands possible, generally expressed in the form 'land for }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid11885266\charrsid4553540 n}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11885266\charrsid4553540  ploughs' (1,12 land note) or '}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid11885266\charrsid4553540 n}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11885266\charrsid4553540  ploughs possible' (3,4 plough note), }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16059589\charrsid4553540 are}{\f0\fs24\insrsid814161\charrsid4553540  supplement}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16059589\charrsid4553540 ed}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid814161\charrsid4553540  by figures for the actual num}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16059589\charrsid4553540 ber of ploughs at work on the lordship land and o}{\f0\fs24\insrsid814161\charrsid4553540 n the villager}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16059589\charrsid4553540 s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid814161\charrsid4553540  land. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5329012\charrsid4553540 In Leicestershire the plo}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16059589\charrsid4553540 u}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5329012\charrsid4553540 gh potential and the number of plo}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16059589\charrsid4553540 u}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5329012\charrsid4553540 
ghs at work are often given, but in many instances, unusually, the number of ploughs at work in 1066 is given}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3409889\charrsid4553540  (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3409889\charrsid4553540 T.R.E.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3409889\charrsid4553540 
 is not always specifically mentioned)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5329012\charrsid4553540 , as }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11885266\charrsid4553540 well as those at work in 1086
. However, the record of the ploughs that were there is not a variation on the ploughland formula; see 9,1 1066 note.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid814161\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5797134\charrsid4553540 \tab Where they ap}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4936549\charrsid4553540 pear, the ploughlands are more often}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5797134\charrsid4553540  less }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4936549\charrsid4553540 in number }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5797134\charrsid4553540 than the carucates and sometimes in a simple ratio of one to two or two to three. This seems to be an acknowledgement that the carucation of the shire was excessively heavy.}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16059589\charrsid4553540  In a shire rated at }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12803148\charrsid4553540 approximately }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1598474\charrsid4553540 2600}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16059589\charrsid4553540  carucates, there appear to h}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3161757\charrsid4553540 ave been 1577 ploughlands and 18}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16059589\charrsid4553540 33 ploughs at work}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3161757\charrsid4553540 : Cain }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3161757\charrsid4553540 Introduction}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3161757\charrsid4553540 , }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3161757\charrsid4553540 Leicestershire Domesday}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3161757\charrsid4553540 ,}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16142252\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3161757\charrsid4553540 p. 11.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5797134\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12287750\charrsid4553540 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15279495 {\f0\fs24\insrsid3409889\charrsid4553540 (On the interrelated q}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12287750\charrsid4553540 
uestions of hides, carucates, bovates, ploughlands and ploughs, see }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1383251\charrsid4553540 Round, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid1383251\charrsid4553540 Feudal England}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1383251\charrsid4553540 , pp. 76-78; }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12287750\charrsid4553540 Maitland, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12287750\charrsid4553540 Domesday Book and Beyond}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12287750\charrsid4553540 , pp. 420-21; Stenton in }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12287750\charrsid4553540 VCH Leicestershire}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12287750\charrsid4553540 , i. pp.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4936549\charrsid4553540  278-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12287750\charrsid4553540 82; Moore, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12287750\charrsid4553540 
Domesday Teamland in Leicestershire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12287750\charrsid4553540 ; Harvey, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12287750\charrsid4553540 
Taxation and the Ploughland in Domesday Book}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12287750\charrsid4553540 ; }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9854506\charrsid4553540 Hart, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9854506\charrsid4553540 Danelaw}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9854506\charrsid4553540 , pp. 289-336; }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12287750\charrsid4553540 Cain, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12287750\charrsid4553540 Introduction}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12287750\charrsid4553540 , }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12287750\charrsid4553540 Leicestershire Domesday}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12287750\charrsid4553540 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16142252\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12287750\charrsid4553540 
pp. 3-4, 8-16.)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5587390\charrsid4553540 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8286735 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid3409889\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid3409889 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid3954418\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid8286735\charrsid4553540 ADMINISTRATION OF THE SHIRE
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6882163 {\f0\fs24\insrsid8286735\charrsid4553540 
In the early eleventh century, Leicestershire will have been subject to the earls of Mercia, among them Earl Leofric, his son Earl Algar and his grandson Earl Edwin. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9131987\charrsid4553540 Edwin had only held }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3299112\charrsid4553540 the earldom briefly before the C}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9131987\charrsid4553540 onquest. In 1068, he and his brother M
orcar turned against King William. Edwin allied with the Welsh king Bleddyn of Gwynedd, but his behaviour may have been more pique (that William ha}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3299112\charrsid4553540 d not given him a promised daugh}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9131987\charrsid4553540 ter in marriage) than r}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3299112\charrsid4553540 ebellion. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9131987\charrsid4553540 Edwin swiftly submitted.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3299112\charrsid4553540  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9131987\charrsid4553540 However, the Conqueror little by little ate into his earldo}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12803148\charrsid4553540 m. He}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3299112\charrsid4553540  first gave judicial}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9131987\charrsid4553540 
 authority throughout Mercia, except}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16142252\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9131987\charrsid4553540 in Cheshire, to}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4936549\charrsid4553540  Aethelwig, Abbot of Evesh}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11232374\charrsid4553540 
am. He then (the dates are uncertain) gave Cheshire to Gherbod, the greater part of Shropshire to Earl Roger and Glouceste}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4936549\charrsid4553540 r}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11232374\charrsid4553540 
shire, Herefordshire, part of Worcestershire and}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3299112\charrsid4553540  probably the southern part of Shropshire to Earl W}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11232374\charrsid4553540 illiam son of Osbern. Earl Edwin fled with his brother Mo}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4936549\charrsid4553540 rcar in the s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11232374\charrsid4553540 pring of 1071}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8342907\charrsid4553540 . Morcar was arrested, Edwin killed by }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3299112\charrsid4553540 his own men. No new e}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8342907\charrsid4553540 arl was appointed until after William the Conqueror}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8342907\charrsid4553540 s death.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6882163\charrsid4553540  See Williams, }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3954418 The }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6882163\charrsid4553540 English and the Norman Conquest}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6882163\charrsid4553540 , pp. 24-26; 51-54.
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8286735 {\f0\fs24\insrsid8342907\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12803148\charrsid4553540 \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8850283\charrsid4553540 
It is assumed that Hugh of Grandmesnil }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4936549\charrsid4553540 was the sheriff in 1086. N}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8850283\charrsid4553540 owhere }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4936549\charrsid4553540 in Domesday is he explicitly said to be, but he wa}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8850283\charrsid4553540 s the most prominent man in th}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3299112\charrsid4553540 e shire and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12803148\charrsid4553540 in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3299112\charrsid4553540 the city and received}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8850283\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12803148\charrsid4553540 the third penny, which wa}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8850283\charrsid4553540 s norm}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3299112\charrsid4553540 ally reserved for the sheriff or}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8850283\charrsid4553540  the earl. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4936549\charrsid4553540 However, in passing, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8850283\charrsid11757254 Orderic Vitalis}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12275482\charrsid11757254 , }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4936549\charrsid11757254 Ecclesiastical History}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4936549\charrsid11757254  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12275482\charrsid11757254 (Chibnall, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4936549\charrsid11757254 iii. pp. 226-27)}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12275482\charrsid11757254 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8850283\charrsid11757254  says that }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4936549\charrsid11757254 Humphrey of Tilleul was 'nephew of Hugh of Grandmesnil who was sheriff of Leicester' (}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5439541\charrsid11757254 u}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4936549\charrsid11757254 icecomitis Legrecestrae}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4936549\charrsid11757254 ). Orderic }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12275482\charrsid11757254 Vitalis, }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4936549\charrsid11757254 Ecclesiastical History}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12275482\charrsid11757254  (Chibnall, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4936549\charrsid11757254 ii. p. 264) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12275482\charrsid11757254 also says }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4936549\charrsid11757254 that}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4936549\charrsid4553540  he}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10361586\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8850283\charrsid4553540 held the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8850283\charrsid4553540 municipatu}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4936549\charrsid4553540 s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8850283\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3299112\charrsid4553540 (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4936549\charrsid4553540 wardship' or '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3299112\charrsid4553540 overlordship of the city}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3299112\charrsid4553540 ) o}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8850283\charrsid4553540 f Leicester}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3882994\charrsid4553540 . }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4936549\charrsid4553540 This may have made him castellan as well, though }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4936549\charrsid4553540 municipatus}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4936549\charrsid4553540  itself does not bear that meaning; see C5 Hugh note. }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid802570\charrsid4553540 This appointme}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3882994\charrsid4553540 nt could have been made early in William}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3882994\charrsid4553540 
s reign, and may have been connected with the use of Leicester as a base for William}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3882994\charrsid4553540 s cam}{\f0\fs24\insrsid802570\charrsid4553540 paign in the north in 1068-1069;}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3299112\charrsid4553540  see Stenton, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3299112\charrsid4553540 First Century of English Feudalism}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3299112\charrsid4553540 , pp}{\f0\fs24\insrsid802570\charrsid4553540 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3299112\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid802570\charrsid4553540 234 note 2, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3299112\charrsid4553540 334-35; }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10361586\charrsid4553540 VCH Leicestershire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10361586\charrsid4553540 , iv. pp. 1-19; }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3882994\charrsid4553540 Keats-Rohan, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3882994\charrsid4553540 Domesday People}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3882994\charrsid4553540 , p. 262; }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3299112\charrsid4553540 Green, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3299112\charrsid4553540 English Sheriffs}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3299112\charrsid4553540 , p. 53.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8850283\charrsid4553540 

\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12803148\charrsid4553540 \tab Hugh rebelled against W}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3299112\charrsid4553540 
illiam Rufus in 1088 and in the process Leicestershire and Northamptonshire were ravaged. He was, however, pardoned and allowed to retain his land}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3882994\charrsid4553540 s which passed, along with }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14361010\charrsid4553540 the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10361586\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3882994\charrsid4553540 s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3299112\charrsid4553540 hrievalty to hi}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3882994\charrsid4553540 s son Ivo on Hugh}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3882994\charrsid4553540 s death in 1093.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9132629\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3882994\charrsid4553540 Ivo}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12803148\charrsid4553540  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3882994\charrsid4553540 revolted against Henry I in 1102 and was punished by a huge fine}{\f0\fs24\insrsid802570\charrsid4553540 . On setting out on Crusade, he}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3882994\charrsid4553540 
 pledged his lands to Robert Count of Meulan.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3299112\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12803148\charrsid4553540 He}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3882994\charrsid4553540  di}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12803148\charrsid4553540 ed on crusade and his s}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3882994\charrsid4553540 on was unable to recover the lands which were seized by Count Robert with the king}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3882994\charrsid4553540 
s connivance. The next sheriff, Robert de Pavilli}{\f0\fs24\insrsid802570\charrsid4553540 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3882994\charrsid4553540  was unconnected with either family. However}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12803148\charrsid4553540 , Count Robert was appointed Ear}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3882994\charrsid4553540 l of Leicester }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3882994\charrsid4553540 c}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9132629\charrsid4553540 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3882994\charrsid4553540  1107 and the earldom passed down his family for some generations}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid10361586\charrsid4553540 , the second holder}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5798435\charrsid4553540  being his son, another Robert}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3882994\charrsid4553540 . See }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3882994\charrsid4553540 VCH Leicestershire}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12803148\charrsid4553540 , ii. pp. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid802570\charrsid4553540 79-80}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12154408\charrsid4553540 , iv. p. 2}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14361010\charrsid4553540 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9131987\charrsid4553540 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9598683 {\f0\fs24\insrsid9241681\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3954418\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 THE COUNTY BOUNDARY
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12803148\charrsid4553540 For }{\f0\fs24\insrsid802570\charrsid4553540 t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7156811\charrsid4553540 he emergence of Leicestershire from the lands held by a Danish army and its place in the federation of th}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12803148\charrsid4553540 e Five Boroughs}{\f0\fs24\insrsid802570\charrsid4553540 , }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12803148\charrsid4553540 see}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7156811\charrsid4553540  \{Introduction: History}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1989210\charrsid4553540 \}
}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7156811\charrsid4553540 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12803148\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7156811\charrsid4553540 Clear though the story }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4423313\charrsid4553540 may be }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7156811\charrsid4553540 in outline}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15279495\charrsid4553540 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7156811\charrsid4553540  the exact }{\f0\fs24\insrsid802570\charrsid4553540 composition of the proto-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15279495\charrsid4553540 shire and shire before 1086 is uncertain}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15279495\charrsid4553540 It is not clear}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4423313\charrsid4553540  whether it preserved its original shape until the Domesday }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 Survey}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4423313\charrsid4553540  or had already been subject to transfers and exchanges of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15279495\charrsid4553540 land with adjacent counties.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14434266\charrsid4553540 
 The English reconquest of this part of Mercia}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15486653\charrsid4553540  was piecemeal. Parts of some armies may have}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14434266\charrsid4553540  held out longer than their main bod}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12803148\charrsid4553540 y and the land they occupied may have been}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14434266\charrsid4553540  recovered as part of the campaign against an army based on another }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14434266\charrsid4553540 burh}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15486653\charrsid4553540 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14434266\charrsid4553540  If }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3954418 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14434266\charrsid3954418 Roteland}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3954418 '}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14434266\charrsid4553540  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15486653\charrsid4553540 (the northern portion of the future Rutland) h}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14434266\charrsid4553540 ad ever been an integral part of the land dependent on Nottingham}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15486653\charrsid4553540 ,}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16142252\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14434266\charrsid4553540 then an area approximating to Framland Wape}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15486653\charrsid4553540 ntake must have done so as well, though it seems }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12803148\charrsid4553540 much }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15486653\charrsid4553540 more probable that }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3954418 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15486653\charrsid3954418 Roteland}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3954418 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15486653\charrsid4553540  was only attached to Nottingham as a fiscal measure accomp}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12803148\charrsid4553540 anying carucation late in the reign of Edward the Confessor. Non}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15486653\charrsid4553540 
etheless o}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14434266\charrsid4553540 ther changes might have intervened in the period between the liberation of the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid802570\charrsid4553540 Five B}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 oroughs and the Domesday Survey}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14434266\charrsid4553540 .
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7552760 {\f0\fs24\insrsid15279495\charrsid4553540 \tab 
Even a proto-shire dating from the early tenth century will have either disrupted or had to take account of existing estates and linkages between them. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 There are }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15279495\charrsid4553540 
certainly }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 cases where the co}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15279495\charrsid4553540 unty boundary cuts}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  through what had probably once been sin}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15279495\charrsid4553540 gle units or, conversely, weaves}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  a sinuous course between estates in order to keep them in a particular county}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12803148\charrsid4553540 Thus }{\f0\fs24\insrsid802570\charrsid4553540 the land-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 unit of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Appleby}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12803148\charrsid4553540 was }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 divided between Leicestershire and Derbyshire, }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Bowden}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15279495\charrsid4553540 was }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 split into Great and Little Bowden }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15279495\charrsid4553540 which, in 1086, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 lay in Leicestershire and Northampto}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15279495\charrsid4553540 nshire respectively, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 while }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Broughton}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  was represented by Nether Broughton in Leicestershire and Upper}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15279495\charrsid4553540  Broughton in Nottinghamshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid7552760\charrsid4553540 
\par \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Moreover, the county boundary sometimes, while not actually partitioning an estate, disrupted the relation of one esta}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7552760\charrsid4553540 te to another: thus Hugh of}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  Gr}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15279495\charrsid4553540 andmesnil}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15279495\charrsid4553540 s estate of Edwalton in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
Nottinghamshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15279495\charrsid4553540  (NTT }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12803148\charrsid4553540 23,1) belong}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15279495\charrsid4553540 ed to Sto}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7552760\charrsid4553540 ckerston in Leicestershire (}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15279495\charrsid4553540 13,15)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7552760\charrsid4553540  while Guy of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  Raimbeaucourt}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
s holding at }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Stormesworth}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  and at Kilworth and one of his}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15279495\charrsid4553540  holdings at Husbands Bosworth}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16142252\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15279495\charrsid4553540 (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7552760\charrsid4553540 23,2;5-6) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
belonged to his manor of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15279495\charrsid4553540 Stanford}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16142252\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15279495\charrsid4553540 in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Northamptonshire}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15279495\charrsid4553540  (NTH}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7552760\charrsid4553540  41,3}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12803148\charrsid4553540 ). T}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 he royal holding at Knossington}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid7552760\charrsid4553540  (1,11) belonged to the important royal estate of Oakham in Rutland (RUT 1,17)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3096080\charrsid4553540 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16142252\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 It is,}
{\f0\fs24\insrsid7552760\charrsid4553540  however, difficult to date such}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  ties which could have been arranged to suit a Norman}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 s convenience rather than representing a relationship dating from}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7552760\charrsid4553540  Mercian times. For example, Hugh of Grandmesnil}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid7552760\charrsid4553540 s fief in Nottinghamshire con}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12803148\charrsid4553540 sisted of only two estates (NTT 23,1-2}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7552760\charrsid4553540 ), both attached to places in other counties.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1330105 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\fs24\insrsid7552760\charrsid4553540 \tab }{\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
Conversely, at the point of junction between Leicestershire and Derbyshire it seems t}{\fs24\insrsid7552760\charrsid4553540 hat the county boundary was}{\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
 artificially drawn through estates that were in a dependent relationship to each other, or that some powerful tenants had drawn land from one county and put it in another for the convenient administration of their estates}{
\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 A scattering of Derbyshire detachments, consisting of Oakthorpe, Donisthorpe, Willesley, Ravenstone, Chi}{\fs24\insrsid1330105\charrsid4553540 lcote, Stretton-en-le-Field}{
\fs24\insrsid802570\charrsid4553540 ,}{\fs24\insrsid1330105\charrsid4553540  }{\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Measham}{\fs24\insrsid1330105\charrsid4553540  and }{\i\fs24\insrsid12803148\charrsid4553540 Trangesbi}{
\fs24\insrsid12803148\charrsid4553540  (possibly Thringstone; see }{\fs24\insrsid802570\charrsid4553540 DBY 1,23 "Trangesbi"}{\fs24\insrsid1330105\charrsid4553540  note)}{\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
, lay geographically in Leicestershire at the junction of }{\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Gosco}{\fs24\insrsid1330105\charrsid4553540 te}{\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{
\fs24\insrsid1330105\charrsid4553540  and Guthlaxton Wapentakes. }{\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Of these, Donisthorpe, Ravenstone and Stretton-en-le-Field we}{\fs24\insrsid1330105\charrsid4553540 re shared with Leicestersh}{
\fs24\insrsid12803148\charrsid4553540 ire. Oakthorpe also had a Leicestershire portion, not named in Domesday}{\fs24\insrsid1330105\charrsid4553540  (14,28 Donisthorpe note). }{\fs24\insrsid15242\charrsid4553540 Furthermore, Linton which was n}{
\fs24\insrsid12803148\charrsid4553540 amed from a settlement that was }{\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 geo}{\fs24\insrsid12803148\charrsid4553540 graphically within Derbyshire, }{\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 had a portio}{
\fs24\insrsid1330105\charrsid4553540 n in Leicestershire (}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid1330105\charrsid4553540 DBY 6,19. LEC 14,34). }{\fs24\insrsid802570\charrsid4553540 These}{\fs24\insrsid1330105\charrsid4553540  parts were held }{
\fs24\insrsid802570\charrsid4553540 respectively by and from Henry of}{\fs24\insrsid1330105\charrsid4553540  Ferrers in 1086 and both were waste}{\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\fs24\insrsid1330105\charrsid4553540 The Leicestershire portion }{
\fs24\insrsid1398857\charrsid4553540 probably lay }{\fs24\insrsid1330105\charrsid4553540 over the county boundary }{\fs24\insrsid16338677\charrsid4553540 (}{\fs24\insrsid1330105\charrsid4553540 
which is less than a mile from the modern settlement of Linton}{\fs24\insrsid16338677\charrsid4553540 )}{\fs24\insrsid1330105\charrsid4553540 .}{\fs24\insrsid16338677\charrsid4553540  In that case it is possible that th}{
\fs24\insrsid1398857\charrsid4553540 e}{\fs24\insrsid16338677\charrsid4553540 re was no }{\fs24\insrsid1398857\charrsid4553540 subsequent }{\fs24\insrsid16338677\charrsid4553540 
boundary change but that this portion of Linton was soon absorbed by some other Leicestershire estate. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid1330105\charrsid4553540 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16338677 \f2\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs24\insrsid1330105\charrsid4553540  \tab }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 These complexities survived}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1330105\charrsid4553540  into the nineteenth century. They are shown clearly o}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1398857\charrsid4553540 n the early nineteenth-century f}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16338677\charrsid4553540 ir}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1330105\charrsid4553540 st series Ordnance }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 Survey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1330105\charrsid4553540 
 one-inch map (sheet 63 of 1835, reprinted as sheet 43 in 1970)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1330105\charrsid4553540 
In particular the area around Donisthorpe is there shown to consist of a dense patchwork of fields belonging to both counties, making }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1398857\charrsid4553540 it in effect a shared portion; s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1330105\charrsid4553540 
ee also }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid1330105\charrsid4553540 Place-Names of Derbysh}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16338677\charrsid4553540 ire,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1330105\charrsid4553540  i. p. xxxiv. This}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16142252\charrsid4553540  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1330105\charrsid4553540 complicated interweaving of boundaries has}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  since been tidied up by the transfer of Overseal and Netherseal to Derbyshire from Leicestershire and t}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2515558\charrsid4553540 he placing of all the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  outlying portions of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2515558\charrsid4553540 Derbyshire in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Leicestershire}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 The origin of this interlacing, however, is obscure, but probably has a mainly tenurial explanation}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Thus the royal land in the Derbyshire detach}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13697819\charrsid4553540 ments of Willesley, Measham, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Chilcote}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1398857\charrsid4553540  and 
}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2515558\charrsid4553540 Trangesbi}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2515558\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5319381\charrsid4553540 (if it is Thringstone)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2515558\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
were parts of the king}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16338677\charrsid4553540 s }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2515558\charrsid4553540 Derbyshire estate of Repton (DBY}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16338677\charrsid4553540 
 1,20). It is possible that other adjacent estates in Leicestershire had also once been attached to Repton but had become independent of it. The break-up of multiple estates often left a patchwork such as this, with estates 
still attached to the centre interleaved with estates that have been granted }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2515558\charrsid4553540 out }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16338677\charrsid4553540 or broken away}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 .}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16142252\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1398857\charrsid4553540 In this case the partial dissolution of a multiple estate affected the county boundary itself. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 The Abbey of Burton}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2515558\charrsid4553540 -on-Trent (in Stafford}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 shire) held nothing in Leicestershire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16338677\charrsid4553540  in 1086}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
, so that it was clearl}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2515558\charrsid4553540 y convenient}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16338677\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 to link its holding at Appleby Magna with Derbyshire}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16338677\charrsid4553540  where it held several important manors}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16338677\charrsid4553540 This practice was not uncommon elsewhere: for example, som}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13697819\charrsid4553540 e outlying portions of No}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1398857\charrsid4553540 rthamptonshire lay within Hunti}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13697819\charrsid4553540 ngdonshir}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1398857\charrsid4553540 
e, but were held by the North}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13697819\charrsid4553540 amptonshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16338677\charrsid4553540  Abbey of Peterborough}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13697819\charrsid4553540 
Widford lay within Oxfordshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16338677\charrsid4553540 , but had been a possessi}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13697819\charrsid4553540 on of the Gloucestershire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16338677\charrsid4553540  Church of St Oswald and so was regarde}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13697819\charrsid4553540 d as an outlying portion of Gloucestershire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16338677\charrsid4553540 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2515558\charrsid4553540  It is poss
ible that at least one of the Leicestershire portions of Appleby had also once been in Derbyshire; see11,2 Appleby note.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16338677\charrsid4553540 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13697819 {\f0\fs24\insrsid13697819\charrsid4553540 \tab A similar case is probably }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
Nigel of Stafford who held estates at Ravensto}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1398857\charrsid4553540 ne, Donisthorpe and Oakthorpe. He was a landholder in Derbyshire but not }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 in Leicestershire}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2515558\charrsid4553540 On the other hand, Henry of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  Ferrers who held Stretton-en-le-Field and Willesley, detachments of Derbyshire, }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1398857\charrsid4553540 also }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 held land nearby in Leicesters}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13697819\charrsid4553540 hire, including Appleby Parva. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12154733\charrsid4553540 Another }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13697819\charrsid4553540 portion}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12154733\charrsid4553540  of Willesley was}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13697819\charrsid4553540 , however, already in Derby}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1398857\charrsid4553540 shire}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12154733\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13697819\charrsid4553540 as part of Repton manor}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1398857\charrsid4553540  (DBY 1,21)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12154733\charrsid4553540  and it may well }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13697819\charrsid4553540 have seemed logical to include Henry}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13697819\charrsid4553540 s tenancy }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12154733\charrsid4553540 there }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13697819\charrsid4553540 in the same county}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13697819\charrsid4553540 More probably, Henry}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12154408\charrsid4553540 
s part of Willesley }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13697819\charrsid4553540 and possibly }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12154408\charrsid4553540 of Stretton-en-le-Field as well}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13697819\charrsid4553540  had originally been portions of Repton before being }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13697819\charrsid4553540 booked out}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13697819\charrsid4553540 .
\par \tab The }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13697819\charrsid3954418 Leicestershire }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid3954418 Survey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13697819\charrsid4553540 
 gives the contents of many small hundreds that were units of taxation smaller than the wapentake. Seal Hundred which is adjace}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9534617\charrsid4553540 nt to these intrusive parts of D}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13697819\charrsid4553540 
erbyshire, contained }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12154408\charrsid4553540 Nethers}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9534617\charrsid4553540 eal and Overseal (14,19-20. 39,1) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13697819\charrsid4553540 Boothorpe}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9534617\charrsid4553540  (14,21)}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13697819\charrsid4553540 , Appleby}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9534617\charrsid4553540  (11,2. 14,22)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13697819\charrsid4553540 , Stretton-en-le-Field}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9534617\charrsid4553540  (14,28)}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13697819\charrsid4553540 , Donisthorpe}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9534617\charrsid4553540  (14,28) Swepstone (14,23)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13697819\charrsid4553540 , Newton}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9534617\charrsid4553540  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2515558\charrsid4553540 Burgoland }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9534617\charrsid4553540 (14,24-25)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13697819\charrsid4553540 , Oakthorpe}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9534617\charrsid4553540  (part of Donisthorpe, 14,28), }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 "}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9534617\charrsid4553540 Chilteston}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 "}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9534617\charrsid4553540  (apparently not in Domesday)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13697819\charrsid4553540 
 Ashby-de-la-Zouch}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9534617\charrsid4553540  (13,65)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13697819\charrsid4553540 , Packington }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9534617\charrsid4553540 (6,6) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13697819\charrsid4553540 and Osgathorpe}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9534617\charrsid4553540  (14,27)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12154408\charrsid4553540 : }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3954418 the Leicestershire }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12154408\charrsid3954418 Survey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3954418  (Slade}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12154408\charrsid4553540 , pp. 19, 47-48}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3954418 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13697819\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9534617\charrsid4553540 
None of the Derbyshire portions of the divided vills was included. On the ground, Appleby was}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13697819\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9534617\charrsid4553540 detached from th
e rest of the hundred, which might indicate that some at least of these Derbyshire places had been in Leicestershire when}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12154408\charrsid4553540  the hundreds were established.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13697819\charrsid4553540 
\par \tab The changes that took place in the county }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8932198\charrsid4553540 boundary after 1086 are summariz}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13697819\charrsid4553540 ed below:
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9598683 {\f0\fs24\insrsid12154733\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid8932198\charrsid4553540 Later Changes to the County B}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 oundary
\par }\trowd \irow0\irowband0\ts16\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr
\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2808\clshdrawnil \cellx2813\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2880\clshdrawnil \cellx5693\clvertalt\clbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2880\clshdrawnil \cellx8573\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid9598683\yts16 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5728331\charrsid4553540 PLACE\cell 1086\cell LATER\cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5728331\charrsid4553540 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\ts16\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr
\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 \trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2808\clshdrawnil \cellx2813\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2880\clshdrawnil \cellx5693\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2880\clshdrawnil \cellx8573\row }\pard\plain 
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid9598683\yts16 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5728331\charrsid4553540 Leicestershire/ Derbyshire Border
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5728331\charrsid4553540 APPLEBY (DBY 3,2. LEC 11,2. 14,22)
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6317063\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5728331\charrsid4553540 CHILCOTE}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13004472\charrsid4553540  (DBY 1,25)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5728331\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13004472\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6317063\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5728331\charrsid4553540 DONISTHORPE}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13004472\charrsid4553540  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid2515558\charrsid4553540 (DBY 14,}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13004472\charrsid4553540 9. LEC 14,28)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5728331\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13004472\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6317063\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5728331\charrsid4553540 LINTON}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13004472\charrsid4553540  (DBY 6,19. LEC 14,34)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5728331\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13004472\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6317063\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12154733\charrsid4553540 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5728331\charrsid4553540 MEASHAM}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13004472\charrsid4553540  (DBY 1,24)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5728331\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13004472\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6317063\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5728331\charrsid4553540 OAKTHORPE}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13004472\charrsid4553540  (DBY 14,10)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5728331\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13004472\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6317063\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid1330105\charrsid4553540 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid13004472\yts16 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12154733\charrsid4553540 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid9598683\yts16 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5728331\charrsid4553540 PACKINGTON}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13004472\charrsid4553540  (LEC 6,6)}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5728331\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13004472\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6317063\charrsid4553540 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9117840\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5728331\charrsid4553540 RAVENSTONE}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13004472\charrsid4553540  (DBY 14,8. LEC 26,1)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5728331\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13004472\charrsid4553540 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid7406759\yts16 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7406759\charrsid11757254 SEAL [NETHERSEAL and}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid227623 /or}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7406759\charrsid11757254  OVERSEAL]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid227623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7406759\charrsid11757254 (LEC 14,19-20. 39,1)}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7406759\charrsid4553540 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid9598683\yts16 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7406759 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5728331\charrsid4553540 STRETTON-EN-LE-FIELD}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13004472\charrsid4553540  (DBY 6,16. LEC 14,28)
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid8533859\yts16 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13004472\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8533859 "TRANGESBI"/"TRANGESBY"}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13004472\charrsid4553540  (DBY 1,23. 14,11)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5728331\charrsid4553540 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid9598683\yts16 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7156811\charrsid4553540 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13004472\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5728331\charrsid4553540 WILLESLEY}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13004472\charrsid4553540  (DBY 1,21. 6,20)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5728331\charrsid4553540 
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5728331\charrsid4553540 \cell }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5728331\charrsid4553540 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6163761\charrsid4553540 Divided between counties}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13004472\charrsid4553540  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5728331\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6317063\charrsid4553540 
\par 
\par 
\par Entirely in Derbyshire
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid6317063\yts16 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6163761\charrsid4553540 Divided between counties}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6317063\charrsid4553540  
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6163761\charrsid4553540 Divided between counties}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6317063\charrsid4553540  
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12154733\charrsid4553540 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6317063\charrsid4553540 Entirely in Derbyshire
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid9598683\yts16 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6317063\charrsid4553540 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid1330105\yts16 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid1330105\charrsid4553540 Divided between counties, but the Leicestershire portion is not named in Domesday (}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12154733\charrsid4553540 14,28 Donisthorpe }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid1330105\charrsid4553540 note)
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid9598683\yts16 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6317063\charrsid4553540 
\par Divided between counties, but the Der}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid1330105\charrsid4553540 b}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6317063\charrsid4553540 yshire portion is not named in Domesday}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9117840\charrsid4553540  (6,6 Packington note)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6317063\charrsid4553540 
\par 
\par Divided between counties
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid7406759\yts16 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7406759\charrsid4553540 Entirely in Leicestershire
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid9598683\yts16 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7406759 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6317063\charrsid4553540 Divided between counties
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid8533859\yts16 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8533859 If it is }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8533859\charrsid7098607 identified}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8533859  as Thringstone}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8533859\charrsid7098607 , this place was in Derbyshire (but a chapelry of Whitwick Ancient Parish, Leicestershire)
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid9598683\yts16 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12023778\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7156811\charrsid4553540 Entirely in Derbyshire\cell }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5728331\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6317063\charrsid4553540 
\par 
\par The Derbyshire portion was placed in Leicestershire in 1897
\par 
\par 
\par Transferred to Leicestershire in 1897
\par 
\par The Derbyshire portion was placed in Leicestershire in 1897
\par 
\par 
\par The Leicestershire portion was placed in Derbyshire at an unknown date, probably early}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6163761\charrsid4553540 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12023778\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12154733\charrsid4553540 or absorbed by a nearby Leicestershire estate without a boundary change }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6317063\charrsid4553540 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12154733\charrsid4553540 Transferred to}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6317063\charrsid4553540  Leicestershire in 1897
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid6317063\yts16 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6317063\charrsid4553540 Transferred to Leicestershire in 1897
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid1330105\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12154733\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6317063\charrsid4553540 Transferred to Leicestershire in 1884
\par 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9117840\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6317063\charrsid4553540 The Derbyshire portion was placed in Leicestershire in 1884
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid7406759\yts16 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7406759\charrsid4553540 Transferred to Derbyshire in 1897
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid6317063\yts16 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7406759 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6317063\charrsid4553540 The Derbyshire portion was placed in Leicestershire in 1897
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7156811 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7156811\charrsid4553540 Transferred early to Leicestershire
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid9598683\yts16 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7156811\charrsid4553540 Transferred to Leicestershire in 1897}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6317063\charrsid4553540 

\par \cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5728331\charrsid4553540 \trowd \irow1\irowband1
\ts16\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr
\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2808\clshdrawnil \cellx2813\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2880\clshdrawnil \cellx5693\clvertalt\clbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2880\clshdrawnil \cellx8573\row }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid9598683\yts16 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5728331\charrsid4553540 Leicestershire/ Norhamptonshire Border
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5728331\charrsid4553540 BOWDEN}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6163761\charrsid4553540  (LEC 1,4. 40,18. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13004472\charrsid4553540 NTH 18,19) }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5728331\charrsid4553540 
\par \cell 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7156811\charrsid4553540 
\par 
\par Little Bowden was in Northamptonshire; Great Bowden was in Leicestershire
\par \cell }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5728331\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7156811\charrsid4553540 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid7156811\yts16 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7156811\charrsid4553540 Little Bowden was transferred to Leicestershire in 1889
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid9598683\yts16 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7156811\charrsid4553540 \cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 
\fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5728331\charrsid4553540 \trowd \irow2\irowband2\ts16\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr
\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 \trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2808\clshdrawnil \cellx2813\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2880\clshdrawnil \cellx5693\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2880\clshdrawnil \cellx8573\row }\pard\plain 
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid9598683\yts16 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5728331\charrsid4553540 Leicestershire/ Nottinghamshire Border
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5728331\charrsid4553540 BROUGHTON}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13004472\charrsid4553540  (LEC 1,2. NTT }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9117840\charrsid4553540 1,59}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13004472\charrsid4553540 )}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5728331\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5728331\charrsid4553540 
\par \cell }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5728331\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7156811\charrsid4553540 
\par 
\par Nether Broughton was in Leicestershire; }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9117840\charrsid4553540 Upper}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7156811\charrsid4553540  Broughton was in Nottinghamshire\cell }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5728331\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7156811\charrsid4553540 
\par 
\par They remained in their respective counties, with no boundary change\cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5728331\charrsid4553540 \trowd \irow3\irowband3\lastrow \ts16\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv
\brdrs\brdrw10 \trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2808\clshdrawnil \cellx2813\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2880\clshdrawnil \cellx5693
\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2880\clshdrawnil \cellx8573\row }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9598683 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7156811\charrsid4553540 The dates of boundary changes are derived from Youngs, }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7156811\charrsid4553540 Local Administrative Units}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6163761\charrsid4553540 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5728331\charrsid4553540 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9598683 \f2\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid8533859 
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid8533859 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5406578\charrsid4553540 WAPENTAKE}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 S
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1972594 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid8533859 T}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid1972594\charrsid4553540 he Names of the Wapentakes}{\b\f0\insrsid1972594\charrsid8533859 
\par }\trowd \irow0\irowband0\ts16\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr
\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2808\clshdrawnil \cellx2700\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6048\clshdrawnil \cellx8748\pard\plain 
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid12651174\yts16 \f2\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\f0\insrsid1972594\charrsid8533859 Name used in this edition\cell Form(s) found in Domesday Book\cell }\pard\plain 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid1972594\charrsid8533859 \trowd \irow0\irowband0
\ts16\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr
\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2808\clshdrawnil \cellx2700\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6048\clshdrawnil \cellx8748\row }\pard\plain 
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid12651174\yts16 \f2\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\f0\insrsid1972594\charrsid8533859 Framland
\par Gartree
\par 'Goscote'
\par Guthlaxton
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid4553540\charrsid8533859 \cell }{\i\f0\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid1972594\charrsid8533859 Frandone, Franelun, Franelund}{\f0\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid1972594\charrsid8533859 ,}{
\i\f0\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid1972594\charrsid8533859  Franland}{\f0\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid1972594\charrsid8533859 ,}{\i\f0\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid1972594\charrsid8533859  Franlund
\par Geretreu}{\f0\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid1972594\charrsid8533859 ,}{\i\f0\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid1972594\charrsid8533859  Geretrewes}{\f0\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid1972594\charrsid8533859 ,}{
\i\f0\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid1972594\charrsid8533859  Gertreu
\par Gosecot}{\f0\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid1972594\charrsid8533859 ,}{\i\f0\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid1972594\charrsid8533859  Gosecote}{\f0\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid1972594\charrsid8533859 ,}{
\i\f0\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid1972594\charrsid8533859  Gosencote
\par Gutlacist}{\f0\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid6444728\charrsid8533859 [}{\i\f0\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid1972594\charrsid8533859 an}{\f0\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid6444728\charrsid8533859 ]}{
\f0\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid1972594\charrsid8533859 ,}{\i\f0\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid1972594\charrsid8533859  Gutlagistan}{\f0\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid1972594\charrsid8533859  \cell }\pard\plain 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid1972594\charrsid8533859 \trowd \irow1\irowband1\lastrow 
\ts16\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr
\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2808\clshdrawnil \cellx2700\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6048\clshdrawnil \cellx8748\row }\pard\plain 
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1972594 \f2\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid1972594 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid8533859\charrsid8533859 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9598683 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid1972594\charrsid4553540 Identification and Reconstruction of the 1086 Wapentakes
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5406578 {\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Leicestershire, like the land dependent on the remaining four }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6163761\charrsid4553540 
of the Five Boroughs}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 , together with }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8533859\charrsid8533859 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8533859\charrsid8533859 Roteland}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8533859\charrsid8533859 '}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 (the nucleus of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5406578\charrsid4553540 the future Rutland)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  and all of Yorkshire, apart}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5406578\charrsid4553540  from the East Riding, is divided into wapentakes. The word wapentake is Scandinavian (Old Norse }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5406578\charrsid4553540 vapnatak}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5406578\charrsid4553540 
), but it is only in England that it is used as the name of a territorial division}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5406578\charrsid4553540 It means }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5406578\charrsid4553540 a vote of consent expressed by waving or brandishing weapons}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5406578\charrsid4553540 , and hence probably }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5406578\charrsid4553540 a vote or resolution of a deliberative assembly}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5406578\charrsid4553540 
, then perhaps came to be used of the assembly itself and of the area that it represented; see Anderson, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5406578\charrsid4553540 English Hundred Names}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5406578\charrsid4553540 , p. xxi.}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3092420\charrsid4553540  Each wapentake comprehended a number of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3092420\charrsid4553540 small hundreds}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3092420\charrsid4553540 , which in th}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193767\charrsid4553540 e}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3092420\charrsid4553540  other shires that emerged from the confede}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193767\charrsid4553540 ration of the Five B}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9117840\charrsid4553540 oroughs are generally}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3092420\charrsid4553540  known as 12-carucate hundreds. The Leicestershire hundreds were larger, though apparently still assessed duodecimally}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3100045\charrsid4553540 ; they are not mentioned in Domesday}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3092420\charrsid4553540 . R}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1598474\charrsid4553540 ather than being a necessary su}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3092420\charrsid4553540 bdiv}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2193767\charrsid4553540 ision of the wapentake, they seem to be}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3092420\charrsid4553540  a function of carucation; see \{Introduction: Small Hundreds\}}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193767\charrsid4553540 .}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3092420\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5406578\charrsid4553540 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9598683 {\f0\fs24\insrsid5406578\charrsid4553540  \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 The folio}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14957651\charrsid4553540 
s for the county mention four}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9117840\charrsid4553540  wapentakes}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14957651\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5406578\charrsid4553540 (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Framland, }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9117840\charrsid4553540 Gartree, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 G}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5406578\charrsid4553540 oscote}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2193767\charrsid4553540 , Guthlaxton}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5406578\charrsid4553540 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193767\charrsid4553540 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1598474\charrsid4553540  but say}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
 nothing about their interrelation nor about the work of their courts}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 The arrangement of wap
entake headings in the Domesday text and the later history of the Leicestershire wapentakes thems}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8533859 elves do}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5406578\charrsid4553540  not suggest that any}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  wapentake nam}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5406578\charrsid4553540 es have been entirely omitted, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193767\charrsid4553540 as appears to be the case in}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5406578\charrsid4553540  Derbyshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Leicestershire differs, however, from the adjacent Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire, each of which }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5406578\charrsid4553540 appears to have }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 contained the }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5406578\charrsid4553540 equivalent of six wapentakes. Those two co}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10439606\charrsid4553540 unties seem to have been organiz}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5406578\charrsid4553540 ed in a very similar way to each other in terms of numb
er of carucates and of wapentakes}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5406578\charrsid4553540 They were also closely linked in 1086}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10439606\charrsid4553540 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5406578\charrsid4553540  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2193767\charrsid4553540 as they were later}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10439606\charrsid4553540 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193767\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5406578\charrsid4553540 
to the extent of sharing a sheriff, having a common specification of shir}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193767\charrsid4553540 e customs (on folio 280c}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5406578\charrsid4553540 ) and the inclusion of the details of the borough of Derby}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14957651\charrsid4553540  within the Nott}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193767\charrsid4553540 inghamshire folios (on folio 280b). I}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5406578\charrsid4553540 t is possible that they had once been a single }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid10439606\charrsid4553540 administrative unit. The organiz}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5406578\charrsid4553540 ation of Leicestershire, however,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16142252\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193767\charrsid4553540 also differs}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14957651\charrsid4553540  in the size of its assessment in that it contains about }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 2600 caru}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14957651\charrsid4553540 cates in comparison to their 530 or so}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  apiece}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14957651\charrsid4553540 ; see \{}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11163568\charrsid4553540 Introduction: Hides and Virgates}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14957651\charrsid4553540 \}}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1247134\charrsid4553540 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16326348 {\f0\fs24\insrsid1247134\charrsid4553540 \tab Identification of the composition of the 1086 wapentakes }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11752999\charrsid4553540 
begins from the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1247134\charrsid4553540 rubrication supplied by Domesday. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9516574\charrsid4553540 W}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1247134\charrsid4553540 ithin each fief }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1598474\charrsid4553540 
this is intended to indicate}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9516574\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1247134\charrsid4553540 where a new w}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9516574\charrsid4553540 apentakal group}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1247134\charrsid4553540 
 begins, but it is necessary to check each estate against other evidence to determine if a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9516574\charrsid4553540 ny}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1247134\charrsid4553540  heading}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9516574\charrsid4553540 s have}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1247134\charrsid4553540  been omitted. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12729784\charrsid4553540 Domesday itself supplies many useful cross-references. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10439606\charrsid4553540 For example, in chapter 10}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16326348\charrsid4553540 , }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16326348\charrsid4553540 Land of Earl Aubrey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16326348\charrsid4553540 
, the first entry, Knaptoft, is stated to lie in Guthlaxton Wapentake, while the tenth entry, Swinford, is part of a vill, another manor of which is directly below a Guthlaxton }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10439606\charrsid4553540 w}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16326348\charrsid4553540 apentake head at 17,7}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16326348\charrsid4553540 This helps to identify a large }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193767\charrsid4553540 
block of places in Guthlaxton Wapentake }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16326348\charrsid4553540 in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1598474\charrsid4553540 Earl Aubrey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1598474\charrsid4553540 s chapter}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1598474\charrsid4553540 It is likely that Theddingworth (10,12) was in Gartree Wapentake, though Domesd}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193767\charrsid4553540 a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1598474\charrsid4553540 
y supplies no heading. This leaves the wapentake in which Walton (10,11) lay to be determined. Walton only occurs here in Domesday so evidence needs to}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193767\charrsid4553540  be sought from outside}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1598474\charrsid4553540 .
\par \tab However, m}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16326348\charrsid4553540 any Leicestershire vills are divided and the portions appearing in different fiefs provide a network of cross-references}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16326348\charrsid4553540 Thus other portions of most of the vills listed in the nine entries beginning with Sapcote at 10,2, of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12729784\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12154408\charrsid4553540 four}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12729784\charrsid4553540  of the six beginning with }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16326348\charrsid4553540 Husb}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12729784\charrsid4553540 ands Bosworth at 17,15, and all five in chapter }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16326348\charrsid4553540 40 fro
}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12729784\charrsid4553540 m Peatling Magna (40,2) onwards occur elsewhere in the Leicestershire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16326348\charrsid4553540  folios.
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9598683 {\f0\fs24\insrsid12729784\charrsid4553540 \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1247134\charrsid4553540 In the case of Leicestershire}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1598474\charrsid4553540 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3623804\charrsid4553540  restoration of these heads is helped by }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193767\charrsid4553540 a further }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3623804\charrsid4553540 two factors. Firstly}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12154408\charrsid4553540 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3623804\charrsid4553540  the wapentakes are mostly entered in a standard sequence (Guthlaxton, Gartree, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3623804\charrsid4553540 
Goscote}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3623804\charrsid4553540 , Framland)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9516574\charrsid4553540 
. Since in most fiefs the land in lordship is entered first, followed by the subinfeudations, this standard sequence of wapentakes }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11433116\charrsid4553540 can occur}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9516574\charrsid4553540  twic}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1598474\charrsid4553540 e; see \{Introduction: Standard O}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9516574\charrsid4553540 rder of Wapentakes\}}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9516574\charrsid4553540  Secon}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11752999\charrsid4553540 dly, the twelfth-century }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11752999\charrsid8533859 Leicest}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9516574\charrsid8533859 ershire }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid8533859 Survey}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9516574\charrsid4553540 , because it is arranged}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1598474\charrsid4553540  territorially (by }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9516574\charrsid4553540 wapentakes}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1598474\charrsid4553540  and hundreds}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9516574\charrsid4553540 ), rathe}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11752999\charrsid4553540 r}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9516574\charrsid4553540  than feudally, gives a clear idea of the composition of the wapentakes. In all cases where }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11752999\charrsid4553540 an estate occurs in Do}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9516574\charrsid4553540 mesday}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16142252\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193767\charrsid4553540 directly beneath}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9516574\charrsid4553540 
 a wapentake heading and is }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11752999\charrsid4553540 also }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9516574\charrsid4553540 listed in the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9516574\charrsid8533859 Leicestershire }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid8533859 Survey}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9516574\charrsid4553540 , it is in the same wapentake }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11752999\charrsid4553540 which suggests}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9516574\charrsid4553540  that no changes had taken place between the two dates. On the }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9516574\charrsid8533859 Leicestershire }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid8533859 Survey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9516574\charrsid4553540 , see }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6974434\charrsid4553540 \{Introduction: }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8533859 
Related and 'Satellite' Texts}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6974434\charrsid4553540 \}}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2317093\charrsid4553540 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13769308 {\f0\fs24\insrsid11752999\charrsid4553540 \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
Identification of these wapentakal groupings within the text, from internal and from later evi}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11752999\charrsid4553540 dence, not only casts doubt on the correctness of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16142252\charrsid4553540  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15889863\charrsid4553540 a }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 few of the wapentak}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15889863\charrsid4553540 e headings supplied in}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193767\charrsid4553540  Domesday}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15889863\charrsid4553540  Leicestershire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11752999\charrsid4553540 , but also shows up a considerable }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 shortage o}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11752999\charrsid4553540 f such heads}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11752999\charrsid4553540 In the first category}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 , it is evident that the heading}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11752999\charrsid4553540 s above Saddington at 1,6, 
above Fleckney at 19,12}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11752999\charrsid4553540 and above Little Dalby at 29,19}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  bel}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2193767\charrsid4553540 ong above}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11752999\charrsid4553540  previous entries:}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16142252\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11752999\charrsid4553540 above }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Great Bowden}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11752999\charrsid4553540 
 (1,4)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 , an earlier occurrence of Fleckney }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13769308\charrsid4553540 (19,10) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 and Kirby Bellars}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13769308\charrsid4553540  (29,16)}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16142252\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13769308\charrsid4553540 respectively).}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13769308\charrsid4553540 
In the chapter 19 example the scribe may simply have put the wapentake head above the wrong Fleckney}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7351347\charrsid4553540 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13769308\charrsid4553540 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9598683 {\f0\fs24\insrsid13769308\charrsid4553540 \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 In the case of Sewstern}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16526538\charrsid4553540  (27,3) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 the fact that it lay in Framland Wapentake is added at the end of the entry as an afterthoug}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16526538\charrsid4553540 ht}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16142252\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 More seriously, it appears that the Guthlaxton he}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16526538\charrsid4553540 ading above the first entry in c}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 hapter 43 (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7351347\charrsid4553540 43,1 for Barrow-upon-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16526538\charrsid4553540 Soar)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  is an error for }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Goscote}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  Wapentake}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Here, as occasionally in other counties, the scribe has been misled by the standard sequence and entered a Guthlaxton }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7351347\charrsid4553540 w}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1598474\charrsid4553540 apentake }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 heading, since this wapentake normally comes first, even though the fief-holder, Earl Hugh, in fact ha}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16526538\charrsid4553540 d nothing in that wapentake.}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3092420\charrsid4553540 
\par \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 As to the shortage of wapentake heads, it is not confined to the beginnings of chapters}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Although doubt remains about a f
ew individual cases, and the existence of unidentified or uncertainly-identified places makes restoration difficult, it seems likely that to the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11433116\charrsid4553540 sixty-eight}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
 wapentake headings present in the te}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3092420\charrsid4553540 xt}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11433116\charrsid4553540  (of which two are erroneous)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16142252\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 there should b}
{\f0\fs24\insrsid3092420\charrsid4553540 e added another }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11433116\charrsid4553540 seventy-nine (including the two that replace the erroneous headings)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3092420\charrsid4553540 . These additional headings are discussed a}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid7351347\charrsid4553540 nd justified in the individual N}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3092420\charrsid4553540 otes}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9847794\charrsid4553540 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6037091 {\f0\fs24\insrsid3092420\charrsid4553540 \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
Some of the manors recorded in Domesday Book, especially in the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Terra Regis}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 , consisted of a central e}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7351347\charrsid4553540 state
 with a number of outli}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9847794\charrsid4553540 e}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7351347\charrsid4553540 rs}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Such are Croxton Kerrial}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4656593\charrsid4553540  (1,1)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 , Rothley}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4656593\charrsid4553540  (1,3)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 , Great Bowden}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7351347\charrsid4553540  (1,4)}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 , Melton Mowb}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1598474\charrsid4553540 ray}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4656593\charrsid4553540  (29,3-4)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7351347\charrsid4553540 , Barrow-upon-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1598474\charrsid4553540 Soar}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4656593\charrsid4553540  (43,1)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1598474\charrsid4553540  and possib}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 ly Ratby}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4656593\charrsid4553540  (13,5); on this last}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid7351347\charrsid4553540 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4656593\charrsid4553540  see}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1598474\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3092420\charrsid4553540 Cain, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3092420\charrsid4553540 Introduction}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3092420\charrsid4553540 , }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3092420\charrsid4553540 Leicestershire Domesday}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4656593\charrsid4553540 , p}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid7351347\charrsid4553540 p.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9847794\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7351347\charrsid4553540 20-21}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4656593\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16142252\charrsid4553540  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
As in other counties, Domesday Book is concerned only to indicate the wapentake in which the manorial centre of such multiple estates lay, no doubt since that information was sufficient for the purposes of assessment and taxation}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 It says nothing about the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15242\charrsid4553540 wapentakes in which the outlier}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
s may have lain and this information is difficult to glean from later sources since such manors tended to evolve both before and after 1086 in two conflicting ways: either they became more centralized and their members were 
drawn into the wapentake in which their }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 caput}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
 lay, or their scattered members became more loosely attached or entirely detached and were taken into the wapentakes in which they were locally situated}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
In Leicestershire it is Rothley}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14579389\charrsid4553540  (1,3)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  that presents }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6033081\charrsid4553540 the greatest problem. Most of its}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  members clearly fell, with Rothley, in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Goscote}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  Wapentake itself, a fact supported by a network of cross-references}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6033081\charrsid4553540 : thus the vills of Allexton}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14579389\charrsid4553540  (1,3. 40,27;39)}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6033081\charrsid4553540 , B}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7351347\charrsid4553540 arsby}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9847794\charrsid4553540  (1,3. 32,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14579389\charrsid4553540 2)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7351347\charrsid4553540 , Seagrave}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9847794\charrsid4553540  (1,3. 14,7. 17,2}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14579389\charrsid4553540 3}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6576155\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11433116\charrsid4553540 43,1}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14579389\charrsid4553540 )}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid7351347\charrsid4553540 , Sileby}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14579389\charrsid4553540  (1,3. 13,64. 43,1)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7351347\charrsid4553540 , Tilton-on-the-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6033081\charrsid4553540 Hill}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14579389\charrsid4553540  (1,3. 2,7. 19,17)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15341029\charrsid4553540 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6033081\charrsid4553540  Asfordby}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14579389\charrsid4553540  (1,3. 42,9)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6033081\charrsid4553540 
, Twyfo}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7351347\charrsid4553540 rd}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14579389\charrsid4553540  (1,3. 13,30)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7351347\charrsid4553540 , Frisby-on-the-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6033081\charrsid4553540 Wreake}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14579389\charrsid4553540  1,3. 43,1)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6033081\charrsid4553540 , Grimston}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14579389\charrsid4553540  (1,3. 17,22)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6033081\charrsid4553540  and Gaddesby }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14579389\charrsid4553540 (1,3. 40,34-35. 43,1) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6033081\charrsid4553540 all have other portions that appear among groups of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7351347\charrsid4553540 places in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6033081\charrsid4553540 Goscote}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7351347\charrsid4553540  Wapentake elsewhere in the Leicestershire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6033081\charrsid4553540  folios}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4656593\charrsid4553540 In the case of Tilton-on-the-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6033081\charrsid4553540 Hill, Asfordby}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15341029\charrsid4553540 , Seagrave, Allexton, Gaddesby, }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11433116\charrsid4553540 Sileby, Frisby}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6033081\charrsid4553540  and Twyford, their allocation to }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6033081\charrsid4553540 Goscote}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6033081\charrsid4553540  Wapentake depends}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15341029\charrsid4553540  wholly or partly}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6033081\charrsid4553540  on the restoration of wapentake heads. T}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 here is}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6033081\charrsid4553540 , however,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16142252\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 a strong presumption that a few }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15242\charrsid4553540 of the outliers}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6033081\charrsid4553540  of Rothley }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6576155\charrsid4553540 (1,3) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 lay in Framland o}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6037091\charrsid4553540 r in Gartree Wapentakes. Marefield}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14579389\charrsid4553540 , another }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6037091\charrsid4553540 Marefield}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15991339\charrsid4553540  and Baggrave}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14579389\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6037091\charrsid4553540 are included in Gartree Wapentake by the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6037091\charrsid8533859 Leicestershire }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid8533859 Survey}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6037091\charrsid8533859  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6037091\charrsid4553540 (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8533859 Slade, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6037091\charrsid4553540 p}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6576155\charrsid4553540 p}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6037091\charrsid4553540 .}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6576155\charrsid4553540  14, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6037091\charrsid4553540 31)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3428480\charrsid4553540 , as is Halstead (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3428480\charrsid4553540 ibidem}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3428480\charrsid4553540 
, pp. 15, 37). In Domesday Somerby is included in Framland Wapentake: it is directly beneath a Framland wapentake head in 19,19.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6037091\charrsid4553540 By its failure to mention them}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16142252\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6037091\charrsid4553540 in an otherwise complete wapentake, th}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8533859 at}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6037091\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid8533859 Survey}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6037091\charrsid4553540  appears to include Chadwell and Wycomb}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16473730\charrsid4553540  (1,3)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6037091\charrsid4553540  not in Framland}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16473730\charrsid4553540  Wapentake}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6037091\charrsid4553540 , where they were geographically situated, but as outlying portions of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6037091\charrsid4553540 Goscote}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6037091\charrsid4553540 , as they were in 1334}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16142252\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6037091\charrsid4553540 (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6037091\charrsid4553540 Lay Subsidy Roll (1334)}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6037091\charrsid4553540 , p. 161). This}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  may indicate that the wapentake-system had been imposed awkwardly on }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6033081\charrsid4553540 a pre-existing unit}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6037091\charrsid4553540 . On the other hand, the members of the other composite manors mentioned seem to have lain in the same wapentake as their }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6037091\charrsid4553540 capita}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6037091\charrsid4553540 .

\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11538866 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6037091\charrsid4553540 \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
The pattern that emerges from these studies and restorations is less simple than would be anticipated in a shire that emerged f}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16083150\charrsid4553540 rom the Danelaw}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16083150\charrsid4553540 T}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 he wapentakes }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16083150\charrsid4553540 are }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 of unequal sizes, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Goscote}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  and Guthlaxton being a third as large again in assessment and twice as big in}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16083150\charrsid4553540  area as Framland and Gartree}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15991339\charrsid4553540  Wape}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6764076\charrsid4553540 ntakes}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16083150\charrsid4553540 . The figures given by Stenton in }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16083150\charrsid4553540 VCH Leicestershire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16083150\charrsid4553540 , i. pp. 342-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15991339\charrsid4553540 4}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16083150\charrsid4553540 3, derived from the }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16083150\charrsid8533859 Leicestershire }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid8533859 Survey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16083150\charrsid4553540  or from Domesday, give about 560 carucates each to Framland and Gartree Wapentakes, about 770 each to }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16083150\charrsid4553540 Goscote}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16083150\charrsid4553540 
 and Guthlaxton Wapentakes. The wapentakes are also, to some extent, intermingled. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Thus Gartree }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16083150\charrsid4553540 Wapentake }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
had detached portions north of its main body}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 On}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15991339\charrsid4553540 e, consisting of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Pickwell}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15991339\charrsid4553540  and Leesthorpe}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16473730\charrsid4553540  (29,10)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 , is clea}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16083150\charrsid4553540 rly attested by Domesday Book, for}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16083150\charrsid4553540 both are coupled directly beneath a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16473730\charrsid4553540  Gartree wapentake head}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16083150\charrsid4553540 . }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Knossington }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16473730\charrsid4553540 (1,11. 18,1) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 cert}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16083150\charrsid4553540 ainly lay in a second }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16083150\charrsid4553540 island}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16083150\charrsid4553540 : it is }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11538866\charrsid4553540 d}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16473730\charrsid4553540 irectly beneath a Gartree w}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16083150\charrsid4553540 apentake head at}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11538866\charrsid4553540  18,1}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16083150\charrsid4553540 .}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11538866\charrsid4553540 This }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11538866\charrsid4553540 island}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11538866\charrsid4553540  probably contained Marefield}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4656593\charrsid4553540  (1,3)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11538866\charrsid4553540 , }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16473730\charrsid4553540 another }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11538866\charrsid4553540 Marefield}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4656593\charrsid4553540  (1,3) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11538866\charrsid4553540 and Owston}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4656593\charrsid4553540  (40,26)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11538866\charrsid4553540 . }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Baggrave}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4656593\charrsid4553540  (1,3)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  may have formed a third }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11538866\charrsid4553540 
island}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4656593\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11538866\charrsid4553540 as it did later}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
These seven places}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16473730\charrsid4553540  (counting Marefield as two)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  formed a single, scattered, fiscal hundred }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4656593\charrsid4553540 (Knossington Hundred)}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16473730\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 in the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid8533859 Leicestershire }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid8533859 Survey}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid11538866\charrsid4553540  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11538866\charrsid4553540 (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8533859 Slade, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11538866\charrsid4553540 p}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4656593\charrsid4553540 p}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11538866\charrsid4553540 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16473730\charrsid4553540  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4656593\charrsid4553540 14, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11538866\charrsid4553540 31),}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  but it is not clear why they had come to do so}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 It is possible that }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11538866\charrsid4553540 these islands had once been part of the mainland of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Gartree Wapentake}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4656593\charrsid4553540 , but i}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11538866\charrsid4553540 f so, Gartree Wapentake would have }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 incorp}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11538866\charrsid4553540 orated a number of intervening places,
}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  for instance, Twyford}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4656593\charrsid4553540  (1,3. 13,30)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 , Lowesby}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4656593\charrsid4553540  (40,24)}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 , Quenby}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4656593\charrsid4553540  (15,11)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 , Cold Newton}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4656593\charrsid4553540  (29,15. 42,2-3)}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16473730\charrsid4553540 , Tilton-on-the-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Hill}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4656593\charrsid4553540  (1,3. 2,7. 19,17)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 , Whatborough}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4656593\charrsid4553540  (1,7)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 , Halstead}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4656593\charrsid4553540  (1,3)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 , Skeffington}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4656593\charrsid4553540  (1,3)}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 , Tugby}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4656593\charrsid4553540  (1,3)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 , East Norton}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4656593\charrsid4553540  (19,18. 29,2)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
, Loddington}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4656593\charrsid4553540  (17,24)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  and Allexton}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4656593\charrsid4553540  (1,3. 40,27;39), }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 that in 10}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11538866\charrsid4553540 86 lay in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11538866\charrsid4553540 Goscote}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11538866\charrsid4553540  Wapentake; see }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid11538866\charrsid4553540 VCH Leicestershire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11538866\charrsid4553540 , v. p. 3. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 This, however, implies a major re-ordering of the wapentakes}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3678179\charrsid4553540 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11538866\charrsid4553540 Withcote}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3678179\charrsid4553540  (19,20. 29,20)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11538866\charrsid4553540 was}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3678179\charrsid4553540 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11538866\charrsid4553540  in 1086}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3678179\charrsid4553540 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11538866\charrsid4553540  severed from Framland Wapentake by the ou
tlying portion of Gartree Wapentake that contained Marefield}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16473730\charrsid4553540  (1,3), another}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11538866\charrsid4553540  Marefield}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16403838\charrsid4553540  (1,3}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16473730\charrsid4553540 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11538866\charrsid4553540 , Owston}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16473730\charrsid4553540  (40,26)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11538866\charrsid4553540  and Knossington}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16403838\charrsid4553540 
 (1,11. 18,1)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3428480\charrsid4553540 Neither occurrence of Withcote}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16473730\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11538866\charrsid4553540 
in Domesday is directly beneath a wapentake head, but}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16473730\charrsid4553540  the place}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11538866\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16473730\charrsid4553540 appears to be in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11538866\charrsid4553540 
Framland Wapentake}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16473730\charrsid4553540 ; it was}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11538866\charrsid4553540  in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16473730\charrsid4553540 that wapentake in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11538866\charrsid4553540 the }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11538866\charrsid3026676 Leicestershire }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid3026676 Survey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10255300\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3026676 (Slade,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16473730\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3026676 p}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3678179\charrsid4553540 p. 20, 50}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3026676 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16473730\charrsid4553540 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11538866\charrsid4553540  as part of Cold Overton Hundred}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11538866\charrsid4553540 It could of course have once lain in Gartree Wapentake, been drawn out of it and put in Framland }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16473730\charrsid4553540 Wapentake}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10255300\charrsid4553540  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11538866\charrsid4553540 for some unknown tenurial reason.
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1718242 {\f0\fs24\insrsid11538866\charrsid4553540  \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3678179\charrsid4553540 It may be that }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3678179\charrsid4553540  detached parts of Gartree Wapentake }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 came into existence later, perhaps for}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3678179\charrsid4553540  tenurial reasons}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8681174\charrsid4553540  or as part of carucation and the creation of fiscal hundreds that post-dated the creation of the wapentakes. This would have disrupted}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3678179\charrsid4553540  a simpler pattern}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8681174\charrsid4553540  and altered the wapentake boundaries}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3678179\charrsid4553540 . It is also possible }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 that Framland }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8681174\charrsid4553540 Wapentake }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 had once extended further south and west}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8681174\charrsid4553540 W}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3678179\charrsid4553540 hat may have then happened is that }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Goscote}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3678179\charrsid4553540 Wapentake grew an eastwards}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  projection in order to incorporate within it scattered members of t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1718242\charrsid4553540 he multiple estate of Rothley}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3678179\charrsid4553540  (1,3) whose }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3678179\charrsid4553540 caput}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3678179\charrsid4553540  was in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3678179\charrsid4553540 Goscote}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid10255300\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3678179\charrsid4553540  Wapentake}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1718242\charrsid4553540 : of the places mentioned above as separating Gartree Wapentake from its outlying}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3678179\charrsid4553540  portions, Twyford, Tilton-on-the-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1718242\charrsid4553540 Hill, Halstead, Skeffington, Tugby and Allexton were }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3678179\charrsid4553540 all }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1718242\charrsid4553540 members of Rothley}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3678179\charrsid4553540 But it might be the case}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8681174\charrsid4553540 
 that this interlacing of the wapentake boundaries was}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1718242\charrsid4553540  original. The multiple es}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8681174\charrsid4553540 t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1718242\charrsid4553540 
ate of Rothley might once have occupied a large but continuous and compact tract o}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8681174\charrsid4553540 f}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1718242\charrsid4553540  land, but had gradually become a patchwork of intermingled estates, s}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8681174\charrsid4553540 ome belonging to the capital manor}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1718242\charrsid4553540 , other}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8681174\charrsid4553540 s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1718242\charrsid4553540  having}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8681174\charrsid4553540  broken away or been granted ou}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1718242\charrsid4553540 t. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8681174\charrsid4553540 When the wapentakes were laid out}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1718242\charrsid4553540 , it}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3875851\charrsid4553540  was decided to incorporate as }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8681174\charrsid4553540 m}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3875851\charrsid4553540 uch as p}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8681174\charrsid4553540 ossible of what remained of Ro}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3875851\charrsid4553540 thley in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3875851\charrsid4553540 Goscote}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3875851\charrsid4553540  Wapentake.}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1718242\charrsid4553540  
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9598683 {\f0\fs24\insrsid3875851\charrsid4553540 \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8681174\charrsid4553540 Despite this speculation, the key to the}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  puzzle}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8681174\charrsid4553540  presented by these boundaries}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  is so far lacking}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 It may, however, be significant that the boundaries of the Leicestershire wapentakes do not, in the main, seem to follow natural features}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Although }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Goscote}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
 and Guthlaxton Wapentakes were partly separated by Charnwood Forest}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8681174\charrsid4553540 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  it may well be that the remaining wapentake boundaries, when laid down, took mo}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8681174\charrsid4553540 re than usual note of tenure}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3875851\charrsid4553540 For example, the boundary seems to take Sc}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8681174\charrsid4553540 rap}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3875851\charrsid4553540 toft }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8681174\charrsid4553540 (6,5) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3875851\charrsid4553540 out of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3875851\charrsid4553540 Goscote}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3875851\charrsid4553540  Wapentake where it geographically belongs and put it into Gartree Wapentake}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3875851\charrsid4553540 Oadby}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid10255300\charrsid4553540  (1}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8681174\charrsid4553540 3,31. 40,1;25)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3875851\charrsid4553540  and Wigston Magna }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8681174\charrsid4553540 (13,1. 40,25) }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3875851\charrsid4553540 seem to belong naturally to Gartree Wapentake, though they are allocated to Guthlaxton Wapentake}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid813416\charrsid4553540 
Newton Burgoland (14,24-25) and Swepstone (14,23) form an odd projection of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid813416\charrsid4553540 Goscote}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid813416\charrsid4553540 
 Wapentake into Guthlaxton Wapentake, as part of the scattered hundred of Seal. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 It is curious that the later subdivisions of Guthlaxton and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Goscote}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  Wapentakes, in following}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540  the course of the R}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3875851\charrsid4553540 iver Soar,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  had more natural boundaries}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
Be that as it may, some vills seem to have been divided betwee}{\f0\fs24\insrsid813416\charrsid4553540 n wapentakes, sometimes perhaps}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  as a result of tenure}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16740741\charrsid4553540 . Thus part}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  of Appleby Parva was in Guthlaxton W}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16740741\charrsid4553540 apentake, part}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12786070\charrsid4553540  in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12786070\charrsid4553540 Goscote}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12786070\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid813416\charrsid4553540 Wapentake, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12786070\charrsid4553540 t}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 his latter portion being cut off from the body of its w}{\f0\fs24\insrsid813416\charrsid4553540 apentake by an outlying part }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 of Derbysh}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12786070\charrsid4553540 ire t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid813416\charrsid4553540 hat included Appleby Magna. It reappears}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3875851\charrsid4553540  in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3875851\charrsid4553540 Goscote}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3875851\charrsid4553540  Wapentake in the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3875851\charrsid3026676 Leicestershire }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid3026676 
Survey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3026676  (Slade}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16740741\charrsid4553540 , p}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2970968\charrsid4553540 p. 19,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16740741\charrsid4553540  48}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3026676 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3875851\charrsid4553540 .}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12786070\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2970968\charrsid4553540 Newbold}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 , a single holding in 1086, may in fact have been halved between Gartree and Framland Wapentakes, as it was in the }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3875851\charrsid3026676 Leicestershire }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid3026676 Survey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3026676  (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3026676\charrsid3026676 Slade,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16740741\charrsid4553540  p}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2970968\charrsid4553540 p}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16740741\charrsid4553540 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2970968\charrsid4553540  14, 20, 31,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16740741\charrsid4553540  50}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3026676 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16740741\charrsid4553540 
.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3963094\charrsid4553540 \tab If }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 these considerations of detail }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3963094\charrsid4553540 are left behind, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
it is clear that the Leicestershire of 1086 was quartered, though unequally, into wapentakes}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
The boundaries of three of them met at the borough of Leicester, and if Framland Wapentake had once taken in some lands that in 1086 lay in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Goscote}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  Wapentake, its boundary also might have come close to the borough}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15486653 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3026676\charrsid4553540 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2840278 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid3026676 Small H}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 undreds}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid15750442\charrsid4553540 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6104031 \cbpat8 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 In the three other counties that emer}{
\fs24\insrsid8144217\charrsid4553540 ged from the federation of the Five B}{\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 oroughs there are indications that }{\fs24\insrsid3963094\charrsid4553540 in }{\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 eac}{
\fs24\insrsid3963094\charrsid4553540 h wapentake lay }{\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 a series of small }{\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 hundreds}{\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{
\fs24\insrsid4553540 , }{\fs24\insrsid4553540\charrsid3026676 sometimes}{\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  of twelve carucates}{\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Certainly there is one reference to such a 
}{\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 hundr}{\fs24\insrsid3963094\charrsid4553540 ed}{\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\fs24\insrsid3963094\charrsid4553540  in the Derbyshire folios (DBY }{
\fs24\insrsid813416\charrsid4553540 2,1}{\fs24\insrsid3963094\charrsid4553540 )}{\fs24\insrsid3100045\charrsid4553540 ,}{\fs24\insrsid3963094\charrsid4553540  several }{\fs24\insrsid813416\charrsid4553540 references }{\fs24\insrsid3424018\charrsid4553540 
in Nottinghamshire}{\fs24\insrsid3963094\charrsid4553540  (NTT }{\fs24\insrsid813416\charrsid4553540 11,17. 18,1;6. 24,1)}{\fs24\insrsid10825985\charrsid4553540  and}{\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  }{\fs24\insrsid813416\charrsid4553540 many }{
\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 more, though still in an unsystematic way, in Lincolnshire}{\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\fs24\insrsid8144217\charrsid4553540 There is no 
reference to them in Domesday for Leicestershire or Yorkshire, the other carucated shires. }{\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 This particular use of the word }{\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 hundred}{
\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\fs24\insrsid8144217\charrsid4553540  may}{\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  be derived }{\fs24\insrsid813416\charrsid4553540 ultimately }{\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
from that for a fine imposed for }{\fs24\insrsid3963094\charrsid4553540 a breach of the king}{\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\fs24\insrsid3963094\charrsid4553540 s peace}{\fs24\insrsid10825985\charrsid4553540 .}{
\fs24\insrsid10369214\charrsid4553540  This fine appears in the shire customs for Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire (NTT S1):}{\fs24\insrsid1378807\charrsid1378807  }{\fs24\insrsid1378807\charrsid13657582 
'In Nottinghamshire and in Derbyshire, if the King's peace, given by his hand or seal, is broken, a fine is paid by 18 hundreds [of "ora}{\fs24\insrsid13657582 e}{\fs24\insrsid1378807\charrsid13657582 "]; each hundred [of "ora}{\fs24\insrsid13657582 e}{
\fs24\insrsid1378807\charrsid13657582 " makes] \'a38. The King has two parts of this fine, the Earl the third; that is, 12 hundreds [of "ora}{\fs24\insrsid13657582 e}{\fs24\insrsid1378807\charrsid13657582 
"] are the fine paid to the King, 6 to the Earl'; see NTT S1 hundreds note.}{\fs24\insrsid10369214\charrsid4553540  These hundreds are 'long hundreds' consisting of 120 silver }{\fs24\insrsid10369214\charrsid12391811 "ora}{
\fs24\insrsid12391811\charrsid12391811 e}{\fs24\insrsid12391811 "}{\fs24\insrsid10369214\charrsid12391811 ,}{\fs24\insrsid10369214\charrsid4553540  each "ora" being reckoned at 16 pence. The boroughs of Lincoln (LIN C32) and York (YKS C38) had }{
\fs24\insrsid1378807\charrsid12391811 very}{\fs24\insrsid1378807  }{\fs24\insrsid10369214\charrsid4553540 similar customs. This use of the word derives from the provisions of the Wantage Code of King Ethelred II (}{\i\fs24\insrsid10369214\charrsid4553540 
c}{\fs24\insrsid10369214\charrsid4553540 . 997), for example in  I.1: 'And the peace which the ealdorman and the king's reeve give in the meeting of the Five Boroughs, that is to be atoned for with twelve hundred [}{\fs24\insrsid6104031\charrsid4553540 "}
{\fs24\insrsid12391811 orae}{\fs24\insrsid6104031\charrsid4553540 "}{\fs24\insrsid10369214\charrsid4553540 ]'; see }{\i\fs24\insrsid10369214\charrsid4553540 English His}{\i\fs24\insrsid10369214\charrsid12391811 torical Documents}{
\fs24\insrsid10369214\charrsid12391811 , i. pp. 439-42 no. 43; Stenton, }{\i\fs24\insrsid10369214\charrsid12391811 Anglo-Saxon England}{\fs24\insrsid10369214\charrsid12391811 , pp. 507-13}{\fs24\insrsid1378807\charrsid12391811 ; }{
\fs24\insrsid12391811\charrsid12391811 and}{\fs24\insrsid1378807\charrsid12391811  \{Introduction: History\}}{\fs24\insrsid10369214\charrsid12391811 .}{\fs24\insrsid16656921\charrsid12391811  }{\fs24\insrsid813416\charrsid12391811 However}{
\fs24\insrsid10825985\charrsid12391811 ,}{\fs24\insrsid813416\charrsid12391811  }{\fs24\insrsid8144217\charrsid12391811 if carucation dates from late in the reign of Edw}{\fs24\insrsid8144217\charrsid4553540 ard the Confessor (1042-1066) and the}{
\fs24\insrsid16656921\charrsid4553540  fiscal}{\fs24\insrsid8144217\charrsid4553540  hundreds are related to carucation}{\fs24\insrsid16395642\charrsid4553540 , then the fine and the fiscal unit }{\fs24\insrsid16656921\charrsid4553540 
cannot have been established at the same time}{\fs24\insrsid16395642\charrsid4553540 .}{\fs24\insrsid16656921\charrsid4553540  In fact they may have no connection. In this case, t}{\fs24\insrsid16395642\charrsid4553540 he name 'hundred'}{
\fs24\insrsid3428480\charrsid4553540 ,}{\fs24\insrsid16395642\charrsid4553540  }{\fs24\insrsid3428480\charrsid4553540 when applied to the fiscal hundred which is the subdivision of the wapentake, }{\fs24\insrsid16395642\charrsid4553540 
could have been taken from the unit used in Wessex or southern Mercia which had largely lost its sense of '100 men' or '100 hides'. }{\fs24\insrsid16656921\charrsid4553540 Nonetheless, it}{\fs24\insrsid16395642\charrsid4553540 
 is possible that the fine and the unit of assessment were in fact linked, but that }{\fs24\insrsid813416\charrsid4553540 these hundreds of }{\fs24\insrsid12391811 "orae}{\fs24\insrsid16656921\charrsid4553540 "}{\fs24\insrsid813416\charrsid4553540 
 may only have been given a territorial expression later}{\fs24\insrsid1577612\charrsid4553540 ; see \{Introduction: History\}.}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid1577612\charrsid4553540 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1577612 \f2\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs24\insrsid1577612\charrsid4553540 \tab I}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 n 1086 and later times these }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 hundreds}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
 were essentially territorial }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2840278\charrsid4553540 and fiscal }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 units, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1577612\charrsid4553540 perhaps }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
equivalent to the leets and tithings found in other parts of the kingdom}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1577612\charrsid4553540 , but}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2840278\charrsid4553540 , in the Danelaw counties}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1577612\charrsid4553540 
 closely connected with carucation. T}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 hey are best understood from th}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1577612\charrsid4553540 e Domesday folios for }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3540386 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8533859\charrsid3540386 Roteland}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3540386\charrsid3540386 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1577612\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1577612\charrsid3540386 (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1378807\charrsid3540386 RUT R1-2; see RUT R1 hundreds note}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1577612\charrsid3540386 )}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  and from the twelfth-century }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid3540386 Lindsey }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid3540386 Survey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1577612\charrsid4553540 ; see Round, }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid1577612\charrsid4553540 Feudal England}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16395642\charrsid4553540 , pp. 181-214; }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1577612\charrsid4553540 Foster and Longley, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid1577612\charrsid4553540 
Lincolnshire Domesday and the Lindsey }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 Survey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16395642\charrsid4553540 ; Roffe, 'Lincolnshire Hundred'}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10825985\charrsid4553540 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1577612\charrsid4553540 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1990839 {\f0\fs24\insrsid2840278\charrsid4553540 \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 None }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1577612\charrsid4553540 of these }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1577612\charrsid4553540 small hundreds}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1577612\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
is in fact mentioned in the Leicestershire folios, but their existence at least early in the next century is attested from two sources which together allow reconstruction of the so}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1990839\charrsid4553540 -called }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1990839\charrsid3540386 Leicestershire }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid3540386 Survey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1990839\charrsid4553540 ; see }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6974434\charrsid4553540 \{Introduction: }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3540386 
Related and 'Satellite' Texts}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6974434\charrsid4553540 \}}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 This }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid3540386 Survey}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  is complete for Framland Wapentake, is defective for the wapentakes of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Goscote}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  and Guthlaxton and largely missing for Gartree}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . The original }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid3540386 Survey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
 is lost, but most of the surviving manuscript information divides each wapentake into }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 hundreds}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  and within each hundred }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10825985\charrsid4553540 in almost all cases }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 it specifies the name of each vill and of its holder and gives its geld assessment}
{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 These }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 hundreds}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 , which are primarily units of assessment, are larger than those found in the adjacent counties, those in Framland Wapentake for example ranging in size between thirty-th}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1990839\charrsid4553540 
ree and fifty-three carucates.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1990839\charrsid4553540 Those in the surviving portion of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1990839\charrsid4553540 Goscote}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1990839\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3355951\charrsid4553540  Wapentake }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1990839\charrsid4553540 range from 70 carucates to 32 carucates and 2 bovates, and in Gartree }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3355951\charrsid4553540  Wapentake }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1990839\charrsid4553540 from 48 carucates to 43 carucates and 7 bovates}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1990839\charrsid4553540 
Despite these examples, there is a strong }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1990839\charrsid4553540 Danish}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1990839\charrsid4553540 
 duodecimal basis to the assessment.
\par \tab N}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 ot all the hundreds are compact units of territory: some have outlying portions within their own or another wapentake or intertwine wi}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1990839\charrsid4553540 
th each other in complex ways: }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3355951\charrsid4553540 t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1990839\charrsid4553540 hey are mapped}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16142252\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1990839\charrsid4553540 in }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1990839\charrsid3540386 Leicestershire }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid3540386 Survey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3540386  (Slade}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1990839\charrsid4553540 , pp. 69-72}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3540386 )}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Nevertheless it is quite possible that behind the twelfth-century complexity lies a simpler and more logical system}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2840278\charrsid4553540 Framland}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16395642\charrsid4553540  Wapentake}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2840278\charrsid4553540 , for instance, might}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
 once have been quartered into units of 144 carucates, each containing twelve groups of twelve-carucate hundreds, and the whole wapentake being equivalent in size to the separate counties of Derby}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1990839\charrsid4553540 shire}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  and Nottingham}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1990839\charrsid4553540 shire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 The same may have applied to G}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1990839\charrsid4553540 artree Wapentake. This wapentake is fragmentary in the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 Survey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1990839\charrsid4553540 , but appears to have contained about 557 carucates in 1086 (}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid1990839\charrsid4553540 VCH Leicestershire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1990839\charrsid4553540 , i. pp. 342-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16395642\charrsid4553540 4}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1990839\charrsid4553540 3)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1990839\charrsid4553540 Perhaps it had once been 576 carucates (4 x 144). T}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 he twelfth-century arrangement, which in view of t
he similarity in the composition of wapentakes probably existed in 1086, suggests that a number of factors had d}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1990839\charrsid4553540 istorted the original pattern: }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3355951\charrsid4553540 v}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1990839\charrsid4553540 arious factors - person}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3355951\charrsid4553540 al}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1990839\charrsid4553540 
, political, geographical, for example - had warped what was originally a coherent and logical system}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1990839\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14945474\charrsid4553540 (}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1990839\charrsid4553540 Slade, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid1990839\charrsid4553540 Leicestershire }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 Survey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1990839\charrsid4553540 , p. 77}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14945474\charrsid4553540 )}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1990839\charrsid4553540 .
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9598683 {\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3540386\charrsid4553540 
\par }\pard\plain \s2\ql \li0\ri0\keepn\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9598683 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Lordship of the Hundred}{
\insrsid2360012\charrsid4553540  }{\insrsid744080\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\b0\insrsid2360012\charrsid4553540 Apart from the possibility that the moot}{\b0\insrsid14945474\charrsid4553540 -sites of Framland and Gartree Wapentakes were asso}{\b0\insrsid2360012\charrsid4553540 ciated with}{\b0\insrsid744080\charrsid4553540 
 Geoffrey of la Guerche}{\b0\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\b0\insrsid744080\charrsid4553540 s manor of Melton Mowbray (29,3-4) and the royal manor of Great Bowden (1,4) respectively, there is no indicat}{\b0\insrsid15750442\charrsid4553540 
ion that w}{\b0\insrsid744080\charrsid4553540 apentakes were attached to manors or that an individual was lord of }{\b0\insrsid15750442\charrsid4553540 the wapentake. The focus of the shi}{\b0\insrsid744080\charrsid4553540 re on the city of Leicester}{
\b0\insrsid14945474\charrsid4553540  could mean that the w}{\b0\insrsid744080\charrsid4553540 apentakes were appurtenant to the city; see \{Intro}{\b0\insrsid14945474\charrsid4553540 duction: Moot-S}{\b0\insrsid744080\charrsid4553540 ites\}}{
\b0\insrsid14945474\charrsid4553540 .}{\b0\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2360012 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid2360012 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3540386\charrsid4553540 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2360012 \f2\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid2360012\charrsid4553540 Wapentakal Courts
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2360012\charrsid4553540 There are no references to the work of these courts in Leicestershire. The shire }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14945474\charrsid4553540 [}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2360012\charrsid4553540 court}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14945474\charrsid4553540 ]}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2360012\charrsid4553540  (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14945474\charrsid4553540 scira}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2360012\charrsid4553540 ) is mentioned in 13,23.
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9598683 {\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13318316 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Moot-Sites}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6581458\charrsid4553540 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12140779 {\f0\fs24\insrsid12140779\charrsid4553540 FRAMLAND WAPENTAKE. The moot-site is represented by Great Framlands (Farm)}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14945474\charrsid4553540 , north of Melton Mowbray (SK}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12140779\charrsid4553540 7521)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12140779\charrsid4553540 The name is Scandinavian from }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12140779\charrsid4553540 Fraena}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12140779\charrsid4553540  (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14945474\charrsid4553540 a }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12140779\charrsid4553540 personal name) and }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12140779\charrsid4553540 lundr}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12140779\charrsid4553540 , }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14945474\charrsid4553540 (= }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12140779\charrsid4553540 Fraena}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12140779\charrsid4553540 s grove}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14945474\charrsid4553540 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12140779\charrsid4553540 
. There was a Danish jarl called Fraena killed at the battle of Ashdown in 871 according to the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12140779\charrsid3540386 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12140779\charrsid4553540 . Another leader with the same name is recorded in}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16142252\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14945474\charrsid4553540 the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12140779\charrsid3540386 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15750442\charrsid4553540  (E version) for 993. The place is represented by}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12140779\charrsid4553540  the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12140779\charrsid4553540 bosco de Framelund}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12140779\charrsid4553540  in 1276 (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12140779\charrsid4553540 Rotuli Hundredorum}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12140779\charrsid4553540 , }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11750118\charrsid4553540 i. p. 240}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12140779\charrsid4553540 
). The site would have been central to the wapentake if the boundary had indeed once been further west. Melton Mowbray (29,3-4) was a multiple estate held by Geoffrey of La Guerche in 1086, but large and impo
rtant enough to have been formerly a royal or comital manor. See }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12140779\charrsid4553540 Place-Names of Leicestershire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12140779\charrsid4553540 , ii. pp. 1-2.
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13318316 {\f0\fs24\insrsid12140779\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6581458\charrsid4553540 GARTREE WAPENTAKE}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6581458\charrsid4553540 The site}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13318316\charrsid4553540 
 was central to the wapentake, lying just north of Shangton village on the Roman road som}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6581458\charrsid4553540 etimes called the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6581458\charrsid4553540 Via Devana}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14945474\charrsid4553540 , a convenient name}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6581458\charrsid4553540  though it is an antiquarian invention: }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6581458\charrsid4553540 
Place-Names of Cambridgeshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6581458\charrsid4553540 , pp. 30, 32. It is }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13318316\charrsid4553540 represented by the names }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13318316\charrsid4553540 Ga}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6581458\charrsid4553540 rtree Bush}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6581458\charrsid4553540  and Gartree Road. Gartree Road as the name of the Roman road appears on the first series Ordnance }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 Survey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6581458\charrsid4553540  one-inch map (sheet 63 of 1835, repri}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14945474\charrsid4553540 nted as sheet 43 in 1970) at SP}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6581458\charrsid4553540 6898 ju}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14945474\charrsid4553540 st north of Burton Overy, at SP}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6581458\charrsid4553540 7097 on the six-inch map}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14945474\charrsid4553540  of 1891 (sheet 38SE) and at SP7296 on the 1:10,000 sheet (SP}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6581458\charrsid4553540 79NW) of 1967}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6581458\charrsid4553540 The site of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6581458\charrsid4553540 Gartree Bush}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14945474\charrsid4553540  (SK}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6581458\charrsid4553540 7197) is described in Nichols, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6581458\charrsid4553540 History and Antiquities}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14945474\charrsid4553540 , ii. part}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6581458\charrsid4553540  2}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14945474\charrsid4553540 , pp. 431, 791,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6581458\charrsid4553540  as lying in the north-west a}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14945474\charrsid4553540 ngle of the road junction at SJ}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6581458\charrsid4553540 717973}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6581458\charrsid4553540 The name is probably Old Scandinavian }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14945474\charrsid4553540 g}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6581458\charrsid4553540 eitre}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6581458\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14945474\charrsid4553540 (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6581458\charrsid4553540 tree with a barked and subsequently overgrown gash on the stem}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14945474\charrsid4553540 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6581458\charrsid4553540 : Cox, }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6581458\charrsid4553540 Leicestershire }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6845742\charrsid4553540 Hundred }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6581458\charrsid4553540 Moot-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16265526\charrsid4553540 S}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6581458\charrsid4553540 ites}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6581458\charrsid4553540 , p. 16; see Anderson, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6581458\charrsid4553540 English Hundred Names}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6581458\charrsid4553540 , p. 44. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13318316\charrsid4553540 Part of Shangton was a member of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15750442\charrsid4553540  the royal manor of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13318316\charrsid4553540  Great Bowden (1,4)}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid10107647\charrsid4553540 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13318316\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10107647\charrsid4553540 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14290145 {\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10107647\charrsid4553540 GOSCOTE}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid10107647\charrsid4553540  WAPENTAKE.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14290145\charrsid4553540  The name ap}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2360012\charrsid4553540 pears to be more probably }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2360012\charrsid4553540 Gosa}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2360012\charrsid4553540 s cottage}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2360012\charrsid4553540  than}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14290145\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14290145\charrsid4553540 shelter for geese}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2360012\charrsid4553540 .}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14290145\charrsid4553540  The moot was at an impressive promontory in Barkby parish (15,10. 41,3), overlo}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16265526\charrsid4553540 o}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14290145\charrsid4553540 king Syston to the north-west and }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid7043996\charrsid4553540 Queniborough to the north at SK6411,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14290145\charrsid4553540  1 \'bd miles from a Roman road and beside an early ridgeway (now Ridgemere Lane}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16265526\charrsid4553540 ). T}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15750442\charrsid4553540 he site}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14290145\charrsid4553540  is called }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14290145\charrsid4553540 Mothowes}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16265526\charrsid4553540  (1467 x1484) or}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14290145\charrsid4553540  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14290145\charrsid4553540 Mute Bush}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14290145\charrsid4553540  (1609), from Old English }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14290145\charrsid4553540 gemot}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14290145\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7043996\charrsid4553540 (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14290145\charrsid4553540 meeting-place}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid7043996\charrsid4553540 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14290145\charrsid4553540 : Nichols, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14290145\charrsid4553540 History and Antiquities}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7043996\charrsid4553540 , iii. part}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14290145\charrsid4553540  1, pp. 2, 453; Anderson, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14290145\charrsid4553540 English Hundred Names}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14290145\charrsid4553540 , p. 44}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16265526\charrsid4553540 ;}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14290145\charrsid4553540  Cox, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14290145\charrsid4553540 Leicestershire }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6845742\charrsid4553540 Hundred }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14290145\charrsid4553540 Moot-}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16265526\charrsid4553540 S}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14290145\charrsid4553540 ites}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14290145\charrsid4553540 , p. 17; }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14290145\charrsid4553540 Place-Names of Leiceste
rshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14290145\charrsid4553540 , i}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7043996\charrsid4553540 ii. pp. 1-3}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14290145\charrsid4553540 . 
\par 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12140779 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14290145\charrsid4553540 GUTHLAXTON WAPENTAKE.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12140779\charrsid4553540  The name Guthlaxton}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16142252\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12140779\charrsid4553540 is represented by Guthlaxton Bridge and Guthlaxton Gap near Narborough. Guthlaxton Bridge}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7043996\charrsid4553540  is marked at SP}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12140779\charrsid4553540 526961 on the first series Ordnance }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 Survey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12140779\charrsid4553540  one-inch map (sheet 63 of 1835, reprinted as sheet 43 in 1970)}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12140779\charrsid4553540 Guthlaxton Gap is on the current Ordnance }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 Survey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7043996\charrsid4553540  1:10,000 map (SP59NW of 1982) at SP}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12140779\charrsid4553540 524958. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7043996\charrsid4553540 The}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15750442\charrsid4553540 re was a }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15750442\charrsid4553540 Guthlaxton meadow}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7043996\charrsid4553540  in Cosby parish}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12140779\charrsid4553540 : Nichols, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12140779\charrsid4553540 History and Antiquities}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid7043996\charrsid4553540 , iv.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12140779\charrsid4553540  p}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6845742\charrsid4553540 ar}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7043996\charrsid4553540 t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12140779\charrsid4553540  i}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13061450\charrsid4553540 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7043996\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13061450\charrsid4553540 p. 140; }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12140779\charrsid4553540 Anderson, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12140779\charrsid4553540 English Hundred Names
}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12140779\charrsid4553540 , p. 44}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12140779\charrsid4553540 The name means }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7043996\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12140779\charrsid4553540 Guthlac}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12140779\charrsid4553540 s stone}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7043996\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12140779\charrsid4553540 
 and may refer to a milestone on the Roman road. Narborough is perhaps represented }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2360012\charrsid4553540 in Domesday }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12140779\charrsid4553540 by Huncote (9,3). Cosby is divided three ways in 1086 (9,4. 17,9. 40,3)}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid7043996\charrsid4553540 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12140779\charrsid4553540 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14290145 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14290145\charrsid4553540 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12792368 {\f0\fs24\insrsid12140779\charrsid4553540 The locations of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7043996\charrsid4553540 the moot-sites of }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12140779\charrsid4553540 Framland}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2360012\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12140779\charrsid4553540 and Gartree }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7043996\charrsid4553540 Wapentakes }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12140779\charrsid4553540 
associate them with the multiple estates of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16142252\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12140779\charrsid4553540 
Melton Mowbray and Great Bowden, but this may be fortuitous. It is not evident that in this area the wapentakes arose from the lands centred on individual royal or comital manors, as the hundreds }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12792368\charrsid4553540 (the non-Danish}
{\f0\fs24\insrsid16142252\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12792368\charrsid4553540 equivalent of the wapentakes) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12140779\charrsid4553540 often did in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12792368\charrsid4553540 southern and western Mercia and in }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12140779\charrsid4553540 Wessex.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7043996\charrsid4553540  Th}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12792368\charrsid4553540 ere the hundreds were formed from,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15750442\charrsid4553540 
 often still dominated by and frequently named from,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12792368\charrsid4553540  royal vills.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12140779\charrsid4553540  In the case of the lands dependent on the royal multiple estate of Rothley (1,3), the}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12792368\charrsid4553540 y ended up in three different wapentakes, suggesting that the wapentake b}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15750442\charrsid4553540 oundaries like th}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12792368\charrsid4553540 
ose of the county were late to be drawn and disrupted existing tenurial arrangements. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 The very unimportance of the sites that named the wapentakes sugges}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12792368\charrsid4553540 
ts that they had evolved }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 as convenient local meeting places nea}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12792368\charrsid4553540 r major lines of communication}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
 and, like the wapentakes themselves, were independent of the manorial system. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12792368\charrsid4553540 The fact th}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9254037\charrsid4553540 at}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12792368\charrsid4553540  two moot-names a
re Scandinavian and two are Old English does not really help to date the sites}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12792368\charrsid4553540 
A traditional place of open air assembly dating from before wapentakes and carucation could have later been given a Sc}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9254037\charrsid4553540 andinavian name, equally a moot-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12792368\charrsid4553540 site creat
ed by the Danes could have been named from a Saxon feature}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9254037\charrsid4553540 Other moot-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12792368\charrsid4553540 sites are known, including }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12792368\charrsid4553540 Hundeboge}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13061450\charrsid4553540  (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12792368\charrsid4553540 from }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9254037\charrsid4553540 the personal name }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12792368\charrsid4553540 Hundi
}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12792368\charrsid4553540  and}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16142252\charrsid4553540  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12792368\charrsid4553540 hauga}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13061450\charrsid4553540 :}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12792368\charrsid4553540  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12792368\charrsid4553540 Hundi}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12792368\charrsid4553540 s mound or hill}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12792368\charrsid4553540 ) in Cossington parish}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9254037\charrsid4553540 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12792368\charrsid4553540  and Shericles (from Old English }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12792368\charrsid4553540 scir}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12792368\charrsid4553540  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12792368\charrsid4553540 ac}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9254037\charrsid4553540 :}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12792368\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12792368\charrsid4553540 shire oak}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12792368\charrsid4553540 ) i}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9254037\charrsid4553540 n Peckleton (SK}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12792368\charrsid4553540 
4602) which became the moot of the later }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12792368\charrsid4553540 Sparkenhoe}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12792368\charrsid4553540  Wapentake}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12792368\charrsid4553540 The context in w}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13061450\charrsid4553540 hich the former first appears (t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12792368\charrsid4553540 he}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12792368\charrsid10496738  Anglo-Saxon Chronicle}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12792368\charrsid4553540  for 1124) and the meaning of the latt}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9254037\charrsid4553540 er suggest that they were shire-}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12792368\charrsid4553540 moots, but how permanent and of what antiquity is uncertain, since Leicester itself is usually assumed to have been the meeting place for the shire; see Cox, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12792368\charrsid4553540 Leicestershire }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6845742\charrsid4553540 Hundred }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12792368\charrsid4553540 Moot}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9254037\charrsid4553540 -S}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12792368\charrsid4553540 ites}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12792368\charrsid4553540 , pp. 14-21.
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9598683 {\f0\fs24\insrsid12792368\charrsid4553540 \tab In some cases when hundreds and wapentakes were f
ormed, local meeting places were pressed into service as moot-sites fo}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15750442\charrsid4553540 r these new units of administra}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12792368\charrsid4553540 tion}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2360012\charrsid4553540 The administrative arrangements that had }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 preceded the wapentakes }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2360012\charrsid4553540 could nonetheless have }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 cent}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2360012\charrsid4553540 red on a series of royal manors:}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9254037\charrsid4553540  \{Introduction: Manorial Organiz}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2360012\charrsid4553540 ation\}}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13061450\charrsid4553540 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid2585885\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid10496738 Relation to Later W}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid744080\charrsid4553540 apentakes
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 The division of the shire into four wapentakes continued into the following centuries, although a number of individual vills or estates}{\f0\fs24\insrsid744080\charrsid4553540  and}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15750442\charrsid4553540 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid744080\charrsid4553540  in particular}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15750442\charrsid4553540 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid744080\charrsid4553540  dependencies}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  w}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid744080\charrsid4553540 ere transferred between them; for example Newbold}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16142252\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid744080\charrsid4553540 (formerly Newbold Saucey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13369992\charrsid4553540 :}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid744080\charrsid4553540  14,33)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16142252\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid744080\charrsid4553540 is included in Gartree Wapentake in 1334 (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid744080\charrsid4553540 Lay Subsidy Roll (1334)}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid744080\charrsid4553540 , p.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9254037\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid744080\charrsid4553540 160), but appears in Framland Wapentake in 1086, being divided between the two in the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid744080\charrsid10496738 
Leicestershire }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid10496738 Survey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9254037\charrsid10496738  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9254037\charrsid4553540 (14,33 Newbold note)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid744080\charrsid4553540 

\par \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 However, the unwieldy wapentakes of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Goscote}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  and Guthlaxton we}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13369992\charrsid4553540 re ultimately divided, the former}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  into }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 East Goscote}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 West Goscote}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid744080\charrsid4553540 , }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 the latter into Guthlaxton and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
Sparkenhoe}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 , the line}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540  of division in both being the R}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 iver Soar.}{
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid744080\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6845742\charrsid4553540 Sparkenhoe}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6845742\charrsid4553540 
 Wapentake contained the land between the Foss Way}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15750442\charrsid4553540  a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6845742\charrsid4553540 nd the sou}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15750442\charrsid4553540 thern boundary of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15750442\charrsid4553540 Goscote}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15750442\charrsid4553540  Wap}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6845742\charrsid4553540 entake. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 The division }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid744080\charrsid4553540 of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid744080\charrsid4553540 Goscote}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid744080\charrsid4553540  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 is dated to 1346 by }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 VCH Leicestershire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 , i. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid744080\charrsid4553540 p. }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 304 (without supporting evidence), b}{\f0\fs24\insrsid744080\charrsid4553540 ut does not appear in the 1402 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1333178\charrsid4553540 f}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 eudal list (}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Feudal Aids}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 , iii}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1333178\charrsid4553540 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1333178\charrsid4553540 p. }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 104}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9254037\charrsid4553540 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1333178\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Cox, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Leicestershire }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1333178\charrsid4553540 Hundred }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9254037\charrsid4553540 Moot-S}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 ites}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 , }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1333178\charrsid4553540 p. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 18, gives 1571 as the first appearance of the division}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1333178\charrsid4553540 ; see Anderson, }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid1333178\charrsid4553540 English Hundred Names}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1333178\charrsid4553540 , p. 44}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1333178\charrsid4553540 \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1333178\charrsid4553540 Sparkenhoe}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1333178\charrsid4553540 
 appears as a division of Guthlaxton Wapentake, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 corresponding to a deanery of the same nam}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1333178\charrsid4553540 e,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
 in the thirteenth century, but it does not regularly feature in the Assize Rolls or Lay Subsidies}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 It appears in the 1402 feudal list (}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Feudal Aids}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 , iii. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1333178\charrsid4553540 p. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 106)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 The name }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Sparkenhoe}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
 is lost, but the wapentake occupied the western end of the 10}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1333178\charrsid4553540 86 wapentake of Guthlaxton: Anderson, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid1333178\charrsid4553540 English Hundred Names}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 , }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1333178\charrsid4553540 p. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 45}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16142252\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Sparkenhoe}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  was probably named from the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 hoh}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  or spur of land overlooking the Roman road from }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1333178\charrsid4553540 Peckleton to Kirkby Mallory (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16020624\charrsid4553540 SK}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 4601)}
{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 It appears as a }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 hundred}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  in a fragmentary part of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15750442\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid10496738 Leicestershire }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid10496738 Survey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10496738 
 (Slade}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 , }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1333178\charrsid4553540 p. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16020624\charrsid4553540 26}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10496738 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
, its only stated constituent being Barlestone}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Both Slade (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Leicestershire }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 Survey
}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 , }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1333178\charrsid4553540 p. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 77) and Cox (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Leicestershire }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1333178\charrsid4553540 Hundred }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16020624\charrsid4553540 Moot-S}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 ites}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 , }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15750442\charrsid4553540 p. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 19) are inclined to view it }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1333178\charrsid4553540 there }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
as a small wapentake, but there is no evidence for this, even though it is the only Leicestershire hundred not nam}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1333178\charrsid4553540 ed from a vill}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1333178\charrsid4553540 Certainly in Domesd}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15750442\charrsid4553540 a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1333178\charrsid4553540 y}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
 there is nothing in the order of entries for Guthlaxton Wapentake in different fiefs that suggests that }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Sparkenhoe}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  existed as a distinct, though unnamed, unit in 1086}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 For example, Barlestone (in a }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16020624\charrsid4553540 
group of places in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Guthl}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16020624\charrsid4553540 axton Wapentake }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1333178\charrsid4553540 at 13,46}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15750442\charrsid4553540 ) is followed by two}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  places (Sheepy Parva and Cotesbach}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2955951\charrsid4553540 :}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16020624\charrsid4553540  13,47-49}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 ), the second
 of which still lay in Guthlaxton }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1333178\charrsid4553540 Wapentake }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 after i}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1333178\charrsid4553540 ts partition}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Swinford}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2955951\charrsid4553540  (17,11)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 , following }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2955951\charrsid4553540 the other entry for }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Barlestone, must always have been in Guthlaxton Wapentake}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2955951\charrsid4553540  (another part of Swinford, 17,7}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 ,}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2955951\charrsid4553540  is directly below a Guthlaxton wapentake head).}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  Cosby}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2955951\charrsid4553540  (17,9)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
, the preceding entry, in fact }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6845742\charrsid4553540 may have}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15750442\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16020624\charrsid4553540 contained the moot-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2955951\charrsid4553540 site of Guthlaxton W}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 apentake.
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid10496738\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid16020624\charrsid4553540 MANORIAL ORGANIZ}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 ATION
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8155191\charrsid4553540 The majority o}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16020624\charrsid4553540 f estates listed in Domesday}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8155191\charrsid4553540  Leicestershire appear as separate entities. By this stage i}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16020624\charrsid4553540 n the writing up, the main scribe of Great Domesday had}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8155191\charrsid4553540  ceased to indicate the interrelationship of estates routinely by }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16020624\charrsid4553540 the }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8155191\charrsid4553540 use of marginal }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8155191\charrsid4553540 M}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16020624\charrsid4553540 [}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8155191\charrsid4553540 anerium}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16020624\charrsid4553540 ]}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3813214\charrsid4553540 ,}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8155191\charrsid4553540  B}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16020624\charrsid4553540 [}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8155191\charrsid4553540 erewica}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16020624\charrsid4553540 ]}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8155191\charrsid4553540  and S}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16020624\charrsid4553540 [}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8155191\charrsid4553540 oca}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16020624\charrsid4553540 ]}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15750442\charrsid4553540 
, as he had previously in circuit VI}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16020624\charrsid4553540  and circuit III}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8155191\charrsid4553540 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12334538\charrsid4553540 
 Examination of the relationships implied by Ancient Parishes with their chapelries, townships and ham}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15750442\charrsid4553540 lets can suggest that some estates were more dependent on others than Domesday shows, es}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12334538\charrsid4553540 pecially as a hamlet, township or chapelry of an Ancient }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15750442\charrsid4553540 Parish may well be entered}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12334538\charrsid4553540  next to t}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16020624\charrsid4553540 he estate that named the A}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12334538\charrsid4553540 ncient Parish. Th}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15750442\charrsid4553540 e jurisdictional relationship o}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12334538\charrsid4553540 f}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15750442\charrsid4553540  one estate to another is indica}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12334538\charrsid4553540 ted here and there by Domesday, but it is impossible to know how full this listing is.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9333093\charrsid4553540 
 In virtually every cas}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15750442\charrsid4553540 e, leaving aside the five}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9333093\charrsid4553540  multiple estates discussed}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16142252\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3677276\charrsid4553540 
next, one estate }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9333093\charrsid4553540 has juris}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15750442\charrsid4553540 d}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9333093\charrsid4553540 iction }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3677276\charrsid4553540 only }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9333093\charrsid4553540 
over one other, not over several.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12334538\charrsid4553540 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2360012 {\f0\fs24\insrsid3677276\charrsid4553540 \tab There are five}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12334538\charrsid4553540  large holdings }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2435345\charrsid4553540 in Leicestershire }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3677276\charrsid4553540 each }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2435345\charrsid4553540 with a number of dependencies which could fall into the category of multiple estate: }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3677276\charrsid4553540 Croxton Kerrial (1,1), }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9854506\charrsid4553540 Rothley}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3677276\charrsid4553540  (1,3)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9854506\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2435345\charrsid4553540 
and Great Bowden }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3677276\charrsid4553540 (1,4) held by the king; }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2435345\charrsid4553540 Melton Mowbray }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1061503\charrsid4553540 (29,3}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3677276\charrsid4553540 ) }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2435345\charrsid4553540 held by Geoffrey of La Guerche}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16020624\charrsid4553540 ; }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3677276\charrsid4553540 and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11089423\charrsid4553540 Barrow-upon-Soar}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3677276\charrsid4553540  (43,1) held by Earl Hugh of Chester. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2360012\charrsid4553540 Melton Mowbray, held }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2360012\charrsid4553540 T.R.E}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2360012\charrsid4553540 . by Leofric son}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16020624\charrsid4553540  of the important thane Leofwin}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2360012\charrsid4553540  (LEC 29 Geoffrey no}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16020624\charrsid4553540 te), was a complex estate with eight members listed and two }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2360012\charrsid4553540 other}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16020624\charrsid4553540 s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2360012\charrsid4553540 , }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16020624\charrsid4553540 Welby and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2360012\charrsid4553540 Stathern, given elsew}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3677276\charrsid4553540 here in Geoffrey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3677276\charrsid4553540 s fief (29,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16020624\charrsid4553540 4;}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3677276\charrsid4553540 18}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2360012\charrsid4553540 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2360012\charrsid4553540 It could once have been a royal multiple estate.
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9598683 {\f0\fs24\insrsid16020624\charrsid4553540 \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3677276\charrsid4553540 It is possible that all five multiple estates}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2435345\charrsid4553540 , like other}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3677276\charrsid4553540 s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2435345\charrsid4553540  that had form}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3677276\charrsid4553540 er}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2435345\charrsid4553540 ly existed bu}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3677276\charrsid4553540 t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2435345\charrsid4553540  been dismembered}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7425993\charrsid4553540 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2435345\charrsid4553540  had been royal or comital}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3677276\charrsid4553540 
 estates and that they had betw}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2435345\charrsid4553540 een them taxed and judged the area that became the shire. There may have been a minster church at Melton Mowbray }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16020624\charrsid4553540 (}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2435345\charrsid4553540 \{Intr}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16020624\charrsid4553540 oduction: Ecclesiastical Organiz}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2435345\charrsid4553540 ation\}}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16020624\charrsid4553540 )}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2435345\charrsid4553540  and it may }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16020624\charrsid4553540 be no co}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2435345\charrsid4553540 incidence that the moot}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16020624\charrsid4553540 -site}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2435345\charrsid4553540  of Gartree Wapentake probably lay in a member of Great Bowden and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3677276\charrsid4553540 that }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2435345\charrsid4553540 of Framland Wapentake in a member of Melton Mowbray. Howev}
{\f0\fs24\insrsid16020624\charrsid4553540 er, the evidence of Domesday}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2435345\charrsid4553540  Leicestershire or from earlier sources such as charters does not allow a clear view of the inte}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3677276\charrsid4553540 r}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2435345\charrsid4553540 relation of royal and comital manors with moot-sites and minster}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3677276\charrsid4553540  churches}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7425993\charrsid4553540 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3677276\charrsid4553540 
 if indeed there was any}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2435345\charrsid4553540 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12334538\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13570153\charrsid4553540 \tab One striking feature is the fact }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2295798\charrsid4553540 that }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13570153\charrsid4553540 Rothley (1,3) and Barrow-upon-Soar (43,1) had a number of members in the same places
}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1061503\charrsid4553540 :}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13570153\charrsid4553540  Sileby}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1061503\charrsid4553540 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13570153\charrsid4553540  Gaddesby}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2295798\charrsid4553540 , }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1061503\charrsid4553540 Seagrave and}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2295798\charrsid4553540  Frisby-on-the-Wreake}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13570153\charrsid4553540 . This could indicate that they these two multiple estates had origin}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2295798\charrsid4553540 ally been one. In 1066 they had been}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13570153\charrsid4553540  held by King Edwar
d and Earl Harold respectively, and it could be that Barrow-upon-Soar had once been granted out of Rothley to an earl or ealdorman by a king.
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12334538\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10496738\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid16020624\charrsid4553540 ECCLESIASTICAL ORGANIZ}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 ATION
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid479177\charrsid4553540 Diuma, one of the monks whom Peada, son of King Penda of Mercia, brought back with him from Northumberland after his conversion there to Christianity, was consecrated Bishop of}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3677276\charrsid4553540  the Mercians, the Middle Angles and the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3677276\charrsid4553540 Lindisfari}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3677276\charrsid4553540  in 656}{\f0\fs24\insrsid479177\charrsid4553540 . }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3277567\charrsid4553540 By}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5181321\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3277567\charrsid4553540 the end of that century, a see had been established at Leicester for the Middle Angles; see \{Introduct}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5181321\charrsid4553540 ion: History}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3277567\charrsid4553540 \}. The work of the see was interrupted at some}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5181321\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3277567\charrsid4553540 
time between 869 and 888 by Danish attacks, and thereafter, for two centuries, the land of the former s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5181321\charrsid4553540 ee was ministered to, at some tim}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3277567\charrsid4553540 es only notionally, from the Me}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5731879\charrsid4553540 rcian bishopric of Dorchester-on-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3277567\charrsid4553540 Thames}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9131543\charrsid4553540  (Oxfordshire). }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9131543\charrsid10496738 A new b}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1378807\charrsid10496738 ishopric had been }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3277567\charrsid10496738 established at Lincoln }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1378807\charrsid10496738 by 1086, Bishop Remigius of Dorchester-on-Thames having been authorized in 1072 to}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5187212  move his see there; see LEC 3 b}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1378807\charrsid10496738 ishop note}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3277567\charrsid10496738 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1378807\charrsid10496738 A see was not re-established at Leicester until 1926.}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid479177\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3277567\charrsid4553540 \tab In 1066 as in 1086, there were no abbeys in Leicestershire and no religious houses dependent on French churches}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11364580\charrsid4553540 . However, Hugh }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5181321\charrsid4553540 of Grandmesnil }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11364580\charrsid4553540 had given some of the resources of some of his manors (including their churches) to Saint-Evroult in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5181321\charrsid4553540 1081}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11364580\charrsid4553540 , a fact unmentioned in Domesday (LEC 13 Hugh note). }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5731879\charrsid4553540 Domesday does not make it entirely clear what estates }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11364580\charrsid4553540 
Peterborough Abbey, Coventry }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5181321\charrsid4553540 A}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11364580\charrsid4553540 bbey and Crowland Abbey }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5181321\charrsid4553540 (LEC 5-7) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5731879\charrsid4553540 held i
n 1066. Certainly, Earl Ralph's gift of Great Easton (5,2) to Peterborough Abbey will have been made before 1066. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11145818\charrsid4553540 Other evidence suggests that }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5731879\charrsid4553540 
Coventry Abbey received its lands from Earl Leofric }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5731879\charrsid4553540 T.R.E.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5731879\charrsid4553540 , though William the Conqueror granted them afresh. Crowland Abbey also held its lands before 1066.
\par \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11364580\charrsid4553540 Burton Abbey had been granted land in the shire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5181321\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3677276\charrsid4553540 by the will of Wulfric Spot (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5181321\charrsid4553540 
1002 x 1004)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid280167\charrsid4553540 . The estates were at Wigston}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14307961\charrsid4553540  Parva}{\f0\fs24\insrsid280167\charrsid4553540  (8,5)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14307961\charrsid4553540 ,}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid280167\charrsid4553540  Sharnford (3,4}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11145818\charrsid4553540 . 13,3. 40,5. 42,10), Shenton}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5181321\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid280167\charrsid4553540 
(10,5. 14,15. 16,2) and possibly, depending on identification}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5181321\charrsid4553540 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid280167\charrsid4553540  at Tonge (14,2), Norton-juxta-Twycross (11,1) and Barlestone}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5181321\charrsid4553540 
 (13,46. 17.10). That }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11145818\charrsid4553540 a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid280167\charrsid4553540 bbey held none of these either in 1066 or in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11364580\charrsid4553540 1086.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3277567\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid280167\charrsid4553540 \tab An important monastery wa}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11145818\charrsid4553540 s established at Breedon-on-the-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid280167\charrsid4553540 Hill, as a colony of }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid280167\charrsid4553540 
Medeshamstede}{\f0\fs24\insrsid280167\charrsid4553540  (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3677276\charrsid4553540 later known as }{\f0\fs24\insrsid280167\charrsid4553540 
Peterborough) in the late seventh century, but did not survive the Danish attacks of the late ninth century}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5181321\charrsid4553540 ; see LEC 5 Peterborough note}{\f0\fs24\insrsid280167\charrsid4553540 . 
\par \tab There is no }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3677276\charrsid4553540 clear }{\f0\fs24\insrsid280167\charrsid4553540 evidence in Domesday }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11145818\charrsid4553540 Leicestershire }{\f0\fs24\insrsid280167\charrsid4553540 
for the existence of those superior churches or minsters or colleges of secular priests that were vital to the spreading of the Word and the cure of souls befo}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5181321\charrsid4553540 re the establishment of a networ}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid280167\charrsid4553540 k of manorial churches. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4723713\charrsid4553540 Domesday itself may be at fault, since it only mentions six churches }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3677276\charrsid4553540 in Leicestershire (all in Leice}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4723713\charrsid4553540 ster}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11145818\charrsid4553540  itself}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4723713\charrsid4553540 ) and only two in the adjacent Northamptonshire. There is a large blank on the map in Blair, }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5181321\charrsid4553540 Secular Minster C}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4723713\charrsid4553540 hurches}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11145818\charrsid4553540 
, p. 108, for the counties of circuit IV (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4723713\charrsid4553540 Leicestershire, Northamptonshire, Warwickshire, Staffordshire and Oxfordshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11145818\charrsid4553540 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4723713\charrsid4553540 .}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3677276\charrsid4553540  This is more likely the result of a decision or omission of those }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2120264\charrsid4553540 carrying out the Domesday S}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3677276\charrsid4553540 
urvey, than a deficiency on the ground}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11145818\charrsid4553540 ; see \{Introduction: Layout and Content\}}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3677276\charrsid4553540 . Even so, i}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5181321\charrsid4553540 t may be that in some of these}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4723713\charrsid4553540  counties minsters had been slow to recover from the occupation by }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4723713\charrsid4553540 the heathen}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3677276\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4723713\charrsid4553540 Priests are more numerous, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11145818\charrsid4553540 45}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4723713\charrsid4553540 
 being listed in Leicestershire. One at least of the churches in Leicester was probably a minster}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5181321\charrsid4553540  (LEC C11 churches note)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4723713\charrsid4553540 
, but otherwise there are the slenderest of indications of superiority: two priests at Melton Mowbray (29,3)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11145818\charrsid4553540 ; a priest with}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4723713\charrsid4553540 
 a deacon at Market Bosworth (13,72) and a priest and a cleric at Wigston}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2228797\charrsid4553540  Magna}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4723713\charrsid4553540  (13,1).}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15295700\charrsid4553540 
 Using evidence from other shires, one woul
d expect minster churches to be associated with major estates, especially those that were or had been in royal hands. A single priest on the royal multiple estate of Rothley (1,3) is no evidence at all of the existence of a superior church }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11145818\charrsid4553540 t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15295700\charrsid4553540 here.
\par \tab There were certainly churches in Leice}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12418176\charrsid4553540 stershire in 1086 or before which}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15295700\charrsid4553540 
 are not mentioned in Domesday. Hugh of Grandmesnil had given the churches of Carlton Curlieu, Glenfield and Noseley to the No}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6581829\charrsid4553540 rman A}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2228797\charrsid4553540 bbey of Saint-}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5181321\charrsid4553540 Evroult in 1081}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12418176\charrsid4553540 . The place-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15295700\charrsid4553540 names Buck}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5181321\charrsid4553540 minster, Misterton and Kirkby Mallory}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15295700\charrsid4553540 
 imply the existence of a church and the dedication of the churches of Scalford, Shepshed, Ratcliffe Culey, Stathern, Braunstone, Great Glen and Orton-on-the-Hill to Saints Egelwin, Botolf, Guthlac, Cuthbert and Edith}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5181321\charrsid4553540 , implies the existence of pre-N}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15295700\charrsid4553540 orman churches}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5181321\charrsid4553540  in these places}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15295700\charrsid4553540 ; see }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15295700\charrsid4553540 VCH Leicestershire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15295700\charrsid4553540 , i. p. 356.
\par \tab Religion was transformed in Leicestershire after 1086, not only by the founding of many manorial churches, the predecessors of the parish churches, but also by the establ}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12418176\charrsid4553540 ishment of abbeys and }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2228797\charrsid4553540 p}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11013819\charrsid4553540 riories which were progressively granted the churches or the tithes or }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15032117\charrsid4553540 
parts of the estates that Domesday lists. A Benedictine nunnery was established at Langley in the mid-twelfth}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3677276\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15032117\charrsid4553540 century by William Pantulf and his wife,
 as a daughter house of Farewell Priory }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2120264\charrsid4553540 (Staffordshire)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15032117\charrsid4553540 . Garendon Abbey f}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12418176\charrsid4553540 or Cistercian monks was founded}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15032117\charrsid4553540  in 1133 by}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3677276\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2120264\charrsid4553540 Robert, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3677276\charrsid4553540 the second Earl of Leicester}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15032117\charrsid4553540 , perhaps as a daughter of Waverley Abbe}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14418597\charrsid4553540 y. A religious house was finall}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15032117\charrsid4553540 y re-established at Breedon-on-the-Hill}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2120264\charrsid4553540  by 1122 as a house}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15032117\charrsid4553540  for Augustinian canons}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2120264\charrsid4553540 ; on the earlier monastery there, see LEC 5 Peterborough note. This re-foundation }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15032117\charrsid4553540 began with the grant of the church th}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12418176\charrsid4553540 ere to }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14418597\charrsid4553540 Nostell }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12418176\charrsid4553540 Abbey }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14418597\charrsid4553540 (Yo}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15032117\charrsid4553540 rkshire) by Robert of Ferrers, the first Earl of Derby. Leicester Abbey for Augustinian canons was established by Robert}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2120264\charrsid4553540 
, the second Earl of Leicester,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15032117\charrsid4553540  in 1143}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3801982\charrsid4553540 , and endowed with the church of St Mary de Castro and other of the churches in Leicester (C11 churches note). }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15295700\charrsid4553540 Launde Priory was established before 1125 by Richard Bassett and his wife Maud}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1378807 , }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1378807\charrsid4816243 probably on land belonging to their estate of Loddington (17,24)}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3801982\charrsid4816243 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3801982\charrsid4553540  One of the Roberts who were earls of Leicester founded th}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14418597\charrsid4553540 e priory of Ulverscroft in the }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3801982\charrsid4553540 twelfth century. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12418176\charrsid4553540 The Augustinian Abbey of Owston }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3801982\charrsid4553540 
was in existence before 1161, following the rule of Haughmond Abbey in Shropshire and founded by Robert Grimbald}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3801982\charrsid4553540 
The Augustinian priory of Charley in Charnwood Forest was in existence by 1190, when Countess Parnel of Leicester}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6581829\charrsid4553540  gave it to the Abbey of Saint-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3801982\charrsid4553540 Evroult. It was later subje
}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14418597\charrsid4553540 ct to the prior of Ware, the representat}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3801982\charrsid4553540 ive in England of the Abbot of S}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6581829\charrsid4553540 aint-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14418597\charrsid4553540 
Evroult. There was an alien pr}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3801982\charrsid4553540 iory at H}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14418597\charrsid4553540 inckley, given to the Abbey of Lyre}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12418176\charrsid4553540 , and}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14418597\charrsid4553540  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3801982\charrsid4553540 small}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2120264\charrsid4553540 er priories at Bradley and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14418597\charrsid4553540 Kirby B}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3801982\charrsid4553540 ellars, as well as}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2120264\charrsid4553540  the priory of La Grace Dieu at SK43}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2120264\charrsid4816243 18 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1378807\charrsid4816243 in Belton }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2120264\charrsid4816243 n}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2120264\charrsid4553540 ear Thringstone}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1378807 ; }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1378807\charrsid4816243 it was founded by Rose de Verdon and dedicated to the Holy Trinity and St Mary}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2120264\charrsid4816243 . }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3801982\charrsid4816243 There}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3801982\charrsid4553540  was a house for Premonstrate}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14418597\charrsid4553540 n}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3801982\charrsid4553540 
sian canons at Croxton Kerrial, a preceptory of the knights hospitallers at Dalby and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12418176\charrsid4553540 at }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3801982\charrsid4553540 Heath and one of the knights Templar at Rothley. I}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12418176\charrsid4553540 n}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3801982\charrsid4553540  add}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14418597\charrsid4553540 ition there were friaries and h}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3801982\charrsid4553540 ospitals. On all these}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12418176\charrsid4553540 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3801982\charrsid4553540  see }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3801982\charrsid4553540 VCH Leicestershire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12418176\charrsid4553540 , ii. pp. 3-53}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6581829\charrsid4553540 ,}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12418176\charrsid4553540  and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15242\charrsid4553540 Knowles and Hadcock, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15242\charrsid4553540 Medieval R}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3801982\charrsid4553540 eligious Houses}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2120264\charrsid4553540 , }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2120264\charrsid4553540 passim}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12418176\charrsid4553540 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid280167\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4816243\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
\par THE DOMESDAY FORMAT
\par 
\par Circuit}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid8457974\charrsid4553540  and Ruling Patterns}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid354803\charrsid4553540 
It is generally agreed that Leicestershire was part of circuit IV which included the other Midland shires, Northamptonshire, Warwickshire, Oxfordshire and Staffordshire, although the last is sometimes thought not to be part of this circuit}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14356394\charrsid4553540 , but of circuit V}{\f0\fs24\insrsid354803\charrsid4553540  (s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid354803\charrsid10767222 ee STS }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10767222\charrsid10767222 \{}{\f0\fs24\insrsid354803\charrsid10767222 
Introduction: Circuit}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10767222\charrsid10767222  and Ruling Pattern}{\f0\fs24\insrsid354803\charrsid10767222 \}}{\f0\fs24\insrsid354803\charrsid4553540 ). These five counties have a common layout and content (\{
Introduction: Layout and Content\}), while some of the large number of omitted entries were inserted after rubrication in one campaign across three }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14356394\charrsid4553540 of the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid354803\charrsid4553540 
counties in this circuit (1,12 entry note). When making corrections and additions to Great Domesday the main scribe rarely seems to hav
e worked in more than one circuit at a time, judging by the pen and ink he used, the character of his writing and whether or not the work was rubricated, so it is unlikely that he made major additions to different circuits at one sitting. 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10767222 \cbpat8 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\fs24\insrsid10767222  }{\fs24\insrsid10767222\charrsid10767222 \tab Whereas most c
ircuits were pricked and ruled using one ruling pattern, there are three different patterns in circuit IV and it also has several peculiarities. This suggests that by this stage in the writing up, the }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid10767222\charrsid10767222 
main scribe of Great Domesday was either told to use up
, or decided to use up, as much of the prepared parchment as was to hand, including rejects from circuits written earlier. Staffordshire was largely frame-ruled with only four vertical lines and two horizontal lines to delimit the writing space of each co
l
umn, using pattern 4b (used for most of circuit V), but the relative position of the pricked holes on its central sheet (folios 248-249) means that it cannot be associated with any other quire in the manuscript, suggesting that it was pricked by itself as
 
a one-off. Moreover, folio 250 was ruled on the recto (the hair side, as normal) with fifty-six lines, though the first two were written very close together and extended to the outer edge of the folio, while the recto of folio 251 (the flesh side, unusual
l
y, in common with the recto of folios 247, 249) was partially ruled with horizontal lines, the outer column (folio 251b) with fifty-six lines (the first two also extending to the outer edge) which were only continued across to the lower half of the inner 
c
olumn (folio 251a), making only thirty-one lines across the folio; both folios had only been pricked for frame-ruling. Folios 246-247, the other half of the bifolia containing folios 250-251 were not ruled, which is unusual as ruling was normally done acr
o
ss the opened-out sheet. In the rest of circuit IV Oxfordshire alone was ruled for 50-57 lines by leaf (again not across the full sheet), using ruling pattern 3, while Warwickshire was frame-ruled like most of Staffordshire, and Northamptonshire and three
 of the four sheets of Leicestershire were pricked for frame-ruling but the half-sheet in the former (folio 229) was then ruled with 52 horizontal lines.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11090325 \cbpat8 {\fs24\cf1\insrsid15553113\charrsid4553540 \tab }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid2831912\charrsid4553540 
Leicestershire has the most peculiarities of the counties in this circuit. After three sheets (folios 230/237, folios 231/236 and folios 232/235)}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid15553113\charrsid4553540  had been frame-ruled they}{
\fs24\cf1\insrsid2831912\charrsid4553540  were largely ruled (again by leaf, not by full sheet) with horizontal lines. Without prick-holes down the fore-edge to guide the ruling, the number of these lines varied between 51 and 54, but }{
\fs24\cf1\insrsid15553113\charrsid4553540 strangely }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid2831912\charrsid4553540 
only the bottom half of folios 235, 236, 237 were ruled. The eccentric horizontal ruling suggests that the scribe had unskilled help. The central sheet of the county (folios 233, 234) was presumably left over from the writing up of circuit
 I as it was ruled using ruling pattern 2, that is with seven vertical lines, providing tramlines to delimit the left-hand edge of the left column and the right-hand edge of the right column, with three verticals in the centre between the two columns, and
}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid5657320\charrsid4553540  fifty ruled horizontal lines. If this one sheet had been prepared specifically for this county t}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid2831912\charrsid4553540 
here is no reason why the scribe should have deliberately used a totally different ruling pattern for}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid5657320\charrsid4553540  it}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid2831912\charrsid4553540 : in none of this county had he need for the tramlines, 
which he had used in circuit II}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid12854406\charrsid4553540 I and also in circuit VI for the inclusion of the letters }{\i\fs24\cf1\insrsid12854406\charrsid4553540 M}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid12854406\charrsid4553540 , }{
\i\fs24\cf1\insrsid12854406\charrsid4553540 B}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid12854406\charrsid4553540 , }{\i\fs24\cf1\insrsid12854406\charrsid4553540 S}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid12854406\charrsid4553540 
 indicating whether the estate was a manor, berewick (outlier) or sokeland (jurisdiction).}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid14562065\charrsid4553540  An extra line was }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid15553113\charrsid4553540 then added to this central sheet}{
\fs24\cf1\insrsid14562065\charrsid4553540  }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid15553113\charrsid4553540 (}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid14562065\charrsid4553540 also ruled by leaf}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid15553113\charrsid4553540 )}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid14562065\charrsid4553540 
, at the foot of folio 233, but at the top of folio 234, }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid14562065\charrsid4422598 using extra prick-marks}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid14562065\charrsid4553540 
 put in closer to the text than those originally made when the sheet was first prepared. In the manuscript}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid15553113\charrsid4553540  the }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid14562065\charrsid4553540 double central prick}{
\fs24\cf1\insrsid14640393\charrsid4553540 s}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid14562065\charrsid4553540  are visible}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid5657320\charrsid4553540 , but}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid14562065\charrsid4553540  the scribe ignored}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid5657320\charrsid4553540 
 them}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid14562065\charrsid4553540 
, as he did the original three central ones. He also ignored the fore-edge vertical ruling on folio 234b, writing the text well past it. The need for these extra lines on this central sheet of the quire is unclear, but fits in with the numb
er of horizontal l}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid15472455\charrsid4553540 ines that were then ruled on}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid14562065\charrsid4553540 
 other folios in Leicestershire. This sheet may have been initially rejected because of the large hole in the parchment at the top of the right-hand half of it (LEC 17 manuscript note), though there is a series
 of three holes on folio 232 (13,17 there note).}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid2831912\charrsid4553540  }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid8275414\charrsid4553540 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10767222 \f2\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs24\insrsid10767222\charrsid4553540 \tab 
Although the order of writing up the first three circuits into Great Domesday is fairly certain (circuit VI, followed by circuits III and I) the order of the three remaining circuits is not so clear, altho
ugh what little evidence there is suggests that circuit V was written fourth, then circuit IV and lastly circuit II. On the order of inscription, see Thorn and Thorn, 'The Writing of Great Domesday Book', and Thorn, Thorn and Gullick, }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10767222\charrsid4553540 The Scribal History of Great Domesday Book}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10767222\charrsid4553540  (forthcoming).
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9598683 {\f0\fs24\insrsid2168245\charrsid4553540 \tab The appearance in Oxfordshire in this circuit of ruling pattern 3, whi
ch is only otherwise found in Wiltshire and Dorset in circuit II, might point to circuit IV being written up after circuit II, although the other three counties in that circuit were }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4422598 largely }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2168245\charrsid4553540 frame-ruled like four in circuit IV. However, the gradual increase in the number of lines actually written and the size of the writing in each of the circuits may be more of a factor in deciding on the order. In }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15472455\charrsid4553540 each of the quires containing the counties in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2168245\charrsid4553540 circuit VI }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15472455\charrsid4553540 there were }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2168245\charrsid4553540 44}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15472455\charrsid4553540  lines }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2168245\charrsid4553540 ruled and written, then in circuit III }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15472455\charrsid4553540 the same number of lines w}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2168245\charrsid4553540 
ere ruled but an average of 50}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15472455\charrsid4553540  lines a column}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2168245\charrsid4553540  were written, in circuit I }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15472455\charrsid4553540 the number of }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2168245\charrsid4553540 lines}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15472455\charrsid4553540  ruled was increased}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2168245\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15472455\charrsid4553540 to 50 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2168245\charrsid4553540 and }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15472455\charrsid4553540 these were }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2168245\charrsid4553540 mostly not exceeded, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15472455\charrsid4553540 then in circuit V }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2168245\charrsid4553540 no horizont}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15472455\charrsid4553540 al lines were ruled}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2168245\charrsid4553540 , but }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11757254 over 55 lines a column}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2168245\charrsid4553540  on average were written, while }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15472455\charrsid4553540 in circuit II }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2168245\charrsid4553540 over 13,000 lines of text were written in the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15472455\charrsid4553540 224 or so columns}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3680238\charrsid4553540 . In }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4422598 Oxfordshire in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3680238\charrsid4553540 circuit IV the scribe rarely kept to the 50-57 lines that had been ruled, regularly squeezing in more lines}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4422598 , while in th
e other counties in that circuit he was free to write as many lines as he wished between the top and bottom rulings}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3680238\charrsid4553540 
; folio 249b in Staffordshire is exceptional, however, in having 70 lines of text. The scribe also generally left fewer and smaller spaces be
tween the fiefs than he did in circuit V and the occasional use of a new column for the lands of a major tenant-in-chief may have been accidental rather than deliberate (this had been his policy in circuit VI and circu}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2566326\charrsid4553540 it I)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3680238\charrsid4553540 . The circuit as a whole has an air of compression and this is not entirely due to the number of large additions; for those in Leicestershire, see \{
Introduction: Writing and Correction\}. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2168245\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid354803\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15472455\charrsid4553540 \tab There are }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9194346\charrsid4553540 very }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15472455\charrsid4553540 few clues as to the order in which the scribe wrote the counties in circuit IV; each
 county is contained within one quire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9194346\charrsid4553540 . The character of the writing in the Staffordshire folios resembles more closely t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5657320\charrsid4553540 hat in the counties in circuit }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9194346\charrsid4553540 V, which might sugges
t that it was written first, immediately after them (or, if circuit IV preceded circuit V, written last). Purely on the basis of its ruling pattern, Oxfordshire may have been written last, just before Wiltshire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8457974\charrsid4553540 
 and Dorset in circuit II. I}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9194346\charrsid4553540 f the scribe wrote
 'hide' instead of 'carucate' twice in Leicestershire (see 39,2 hides note and 43,3 hide note) this might have been occasioned by his having previously inscribed Northamptonshire which was assessed in hides}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8457974\charrsid4553540 
, but that county itself contains one or two instances of 'carucate' being used instead of 'hide', which might indicate the reverse order}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5657320\charrsid4553540 ; see \{Introduction:}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8457974\charrsid4553540  Hides and }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2698196\charrsid4553540 Virgates}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8457974\charrsid4553540 \}}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9194346\charrsid4553540 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid354803\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4684994 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4422598\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Layout}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid4684994\charrsid4553540  and Content}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4684994 \cbpat8 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\fs24\insrsid4684994\charrsid4553540 
The material within the fiefs in circuit IV is arranged differently from that in other circuits. In most counties in Great Domesday the primary subdivision of material in each fief is by hundred or wapentake; in many there is }{
\fs24\insrsid4196964\charrsid4553540 a standard sequence of these.}{\fs24\insrsid5589971\charrsid4553540  This almost certainly reflects the layout of the circuit volume}{\fs24\insrsid76729\charrsid4553540 ; }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid76729\charrsid4553540 see \{
Introduction: Writing and Correction\}}{\fs24\insrsid5589971\charrsid4553540 .}{\fs24\insrsid4196964\charrsid4553540  Occasionally}{\fs24\insrsid4684994\charrsid4553540  the }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid4684994\charrsid4553540 
main scribe of Great Domesday gathered together the holdings of some subtenants in a fief, }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid6632873\charrsid4553540 disrupting}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid4684994\charrsid4553540 
 the arrangement by hundred or wapentake. In circuit IV, however, the primary division within most fiefs is between land held in lordship }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid5589971\charrsid4553540 and subinfeudated land. Though this}{
\fs24\cf1\insrsid4684994\charrsid4553540  separation}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid5589971\charrsid4553540  occurs}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid4684994\charrsid4553540 
 in some fiefs in other circuits, such as that of Hugh of Beauchamp in Bedfordshire (circuit III) and that of Peterborough Abbey in circuit VI, it is only circuit IV that is arranged }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid1408622 largely}{
\fs24\cf1\insrsid4684994\charrsid4553540  in this way. }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid76729\charrsid4553540 
This separation may have been present in the fief-holder's own returns, but the material would have to have been reorganized by wapentake or hundred for the county court hearings and this rearrangement was probably retained in the circuit volumes}{
\fs24\cf1\insrsid1408622  for most circuits}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid76729\charrsid4553540 . The s}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid4684994\charrsid4553540 atellite text B}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid76729\charrsid4553540 ath A (}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid1408622 see SOM }{
\fs24\cf1\insrsid14178425 \{Appendix: Bath A}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid76729\charrsid4553540 \}) shows division between lordship land and subinfeudated land, }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid4684994\charrsid4553540 but}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid76729\charrsid4553540  this division}{
\fs24\cf1\insrsid4196964\charrsid4553540  was not preserved in Exon and the main scribe of Great Domesday}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid4684994\charrsid4553540  }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid4196964\charrsid4553540 did not revert to it in Domesday Somerset.}{
\fs24\cf1\insrsid14644427\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid76729\charrsid4553540 \tab }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid4196964\charrsid4553540 
Why it was used in circuit IV is not clear, but the scribe made an effort to distinguish the account of the lordship lands from those held by subtenant by leaving a space between them or otherwise marking them out, particularly where major landholders wer
e concerned. In Leicestershire }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid12980629\charrsid4553540 he left a space after the lordship land in }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid4196964\charrsid4553540 eight fiefs}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid12980629\charrsid4553540  and th}{
\fs24\cf1\insrsid1205427\charrsid4553540 is is indicated in the chapter N}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid12980629\charrsid4553540 otes. In the case of the fief of the Count of Meulan he put the holdings of the count's men in a separate chapter, }{
\fs24\cf1\insrsid76729\charrsid4553540 probably }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid12980629\charrsid4553540 as he had failed initially to abstract them from the account of}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid76729\charrsid4553540  his fief in the circuit volume.}{
\fs24\cf1\insrsid12980629\charrsid4553540 
\par \tab Within the separated }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid10123635\charrsid4553540 accounts of lordship and subinfeudated land the estates are often still arranged by hundred or wapentake in circuit IV, even in a set sequ
ence. This is especially evident in Leicestershire}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid6632873\charrsid4553540 , though in a few cases it was disrupted by the scribe detailing the lands of some subtenants together}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid10123635\charrsid4553540 ; see \{
Introduction:}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid6632873\charrsid4553540  Standard Order of Wapentakes\}.}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid1205427\charrsid4553540  The exact composition of each fief is given in the relevant Notes.
\par \tab As in most counties in Great Domesday, the account of the principal city, Leicester, heads the }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid3741009\charrsid4553540 county folios }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid1205427\charrsid4553540 
(folio 230a) with the payment due to the king, the city's military obligations and the customary dues followed by the detail of hou
ses in the borough, their holders and to which rural estate they belonged, and ending with a note on the woodland called "Hereswode". The scribe indicated these sections by leaving a line's space between each. He wrote the list of landholders in Leicester
s
hire at the top of the adjacent column and then, after leaving blank a fifth of a column, he began the account of the king's land. The order of the fiefs follows that of the Landholders' List until chapter 13, which is Earl Hugh in the List but Hugh of Gr
andmesnil (number 14 in the List) in the text, and}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid3741009\charrsid4553540  is then one number adrift}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid1205427\charrsid4553540 
 for the next three fiefs. The scribe then recorded as chapter 17 the land of Robert of Bucy who does not appear in the List at all. Thereafter the numbering of the text co}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid3741009\charrsid4553540 rresponds
 to that of the List. However, a}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid1205427\charrsid4553540 fter he ha}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid5049336\charrsid4553540 d finished the county he}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid1205427\charrsid4553540 
 added Earl Hugh's fief as chapter 43 and the holdings of the Count of Meulan's men as chapter 44 and made adjustments to the Landholders' List but failed to include Robert of Bucy in it.}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid5049336\charrsid4553540  Hi
s other major additions are discussed in \{Introduction: Writing and Correction\}.}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid4684994\charrsid4553540 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9598683 \f2\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs24\insrsid3741009\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15496489\charrsid4553540 In Leicestershire the entries are laid out thus:}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15496489\charrsid4553540 Lordship Lands
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15496489\charrsid4553540 \tab }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15496489\charrsid4553540 A}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15496489\charrsid4553540  (the 1086 holder) holds }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15496489\charrsid4553540 B}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15496489\charrsid4553540 
 (the place-name). }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15496489\charrsid4553540 d}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15496489\charrsid4553540  carucates/bovates.\'86 
\par Or: }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15496489\charrsid4553540 A}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15496489\charrsid4553540  holds }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15496489\charrsid4553540 d }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15496489\charrsid4553540 carucates/bovates in }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15496489\charrsid4553540 B}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15496489\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15496489\charrsid4553540 Subinfeudated Lands}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15496489\charrsid4553540 
\par \tab }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15496489\charrsid4553540 C}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15496489\charrsid4553540  (subtenant) holds}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15496489\charrsid4553540  B}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15496489\charrsid4553540  from }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15496489\charrsid4553540 A}
{\f0\fs24\insrsid15496489\charrsid4553540  [occasionally, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15496489\charrsid4553540 A}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15496489\charrsid4553540  holds }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15496489\charrsid4553540 B}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15496489\charrsid4553540 , and }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15496489\charrsid4553540 C}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15496489\charrsid4553540  from him), }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15496489\charrsid4553540 d}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15496489\charrsid4553540  carucates/bovates.\'86
\par Or: }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15496489\charrsid4553540 C }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15496489\charrsid4553540 holds }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15496489\charrsid4553540 d }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15496489\charrsid4553540 carucates/bovates from }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15496489\charrsid4553540 A}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15496489\charrsid4553540  in }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15496489\charrsid4553540 C
\par }{\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15496489\charrsid4553540 All
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14435206\charrsid4553540 \tab Land for }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14435206\charrsid4553540 e}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14435206\charrsid4553540  ploughs (or: (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14435206\charrsid4553540 T.R.E.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14435206\charrsid4553540 
) there were }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14435206\charrsid4553540 f}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14435206\charrsid4553540  ploughs there). In lordship }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14435206\charrsid4553540 g}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14435206\charrsid4553540  ploughs; }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14435206\charrsid4553540 h}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14435206\charrsid4553540  slaves. }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14435206\charrsid4553540 k}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14435206\charrsid4553540  villagers, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14435206\charrsid4553540 l}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14435206\charrsid4553540  smallholders, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14435206\charrsid4553540 m}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14435206\charrsid4553540  Freemen\'87 have }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14435206\charrsid4553540 o}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14435206\charrsid4553540 
 ploughs. Resources include mills, woodland (leagues/furlongs long and wide) and meadow (acres or leagues/furlongs long and wide). Value 'was' in \'a3 s d; 'now' in \'a3 s d. }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14435206\charrsid4553540 D }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14435206\charrsid4553540 held it.
\par 
\par \'86 On the inclusion of hides and virgates in Leicestershire, see \{Introduction: }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2698196\charrsid4553540 Hides and Virgates}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14435206\charrsid4553540 \}.
\par \'87 Priests and Frenchmen are also occasionally mentioned}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14178425 , as are men-at-arms (among the other population}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13914642  sharing in their ploughs, as well as holding land separately within an entry)}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14435206\charrsid4553540 . Although villagers always precede smallholders, the position of the Freemen in the list of population varies. Sometimes the Freemen have land and ploughs that are separate from the ploughs of the 'villagers'.  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15496489\charrsid4553540 
\par 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14435206\charrsid4553540 There is}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7280410\charrsid4553540  no mention of pasture; the other counties in circuit IV, with the exception of Oxfords}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2698196\charrsid4553540 
hire, have few references to this resource}{\f0\fs24\insrsid341515\charrsid4553540 . The only churches included}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7280410\charrsid4553540 
 are six in Leicester (C11-12. 3,1), two of which provided a money render. This lack of a record of churches is another feature of circuit IV: no churches at all are mentioned in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2698196\charrsid4553540 Domesday }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid7280410\charrsid4553540 Staffordshire or Warwickshire and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2698196\charrsid4553540 there is only one}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7280410\charrsid4553540  in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2698196\charrsid4553540 Domesday }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid7280410\charrsid4553540 Oxfordshire (OXF B6) and two in Northamptonshire (NTH 18,81. 21,1). Yet they obviously existed and several feature in the gift by Hugh of Grandmesnil to the Abbey of Saint-Evroult in 1081 (LEC 13 Hugh note).}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2698196\charrsid4553540  See \{Introduction: Ecclesistical Organization\}.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7280410\charrsid4553540 
 A third feature of circuit IV shared by Leicestershire is that there is no record of the tax paid, the assumption being that the estate paid tax on all the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2698196\charrsid4553540 units of assessment (}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid7280410\charrsid4553540 carucates}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2698196\charrsid4553540 , hides, bovates, virgates)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7280410\charrsid4553540   that were detailed. The numbers of ploughs on the estate }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7280410\charrsid4553540 T.R.E.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7280410\charrsid4553540  is included very rarely in Great Domesday, but the majority of the occurrences are in circuit IV and most of these
 are in Leicestershire (9,1 1066 note). These features of circuit IV must reflect how the commissioners of that circuit interpreted their brief a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11368824\charrsid4553540 nd this would have been}{\f0\fs24\insrsid341515\charrsid4553540 
 recorded in the cir}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7280410\charrsid4553540 cuit volume, which almost certainly existed for circuit IV (\{Introduction: Writing and Correction\}).}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15496489\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7280410\charrsid4553540 \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid341515\charrsid4553540 There are }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13914642 28}{\f0\fs24\insrsid341515\charrsid4553540  references to waste}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13914642 
, most of them relating to 1086, but despite this the estates had a value}{\f0\fs24\insrsid341515\charrsid4553540 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7280410\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid341515\charrsid4553540 \tab There are virtually none of the interesting 'extras' that in several counties in Great Domesday are mentioned after the value and (in the case of Leicestershire) after the }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid341515\charrsid4553540 T.R.E.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid341515\charrsid4553540  holder(s).
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15496489 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13914642\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid8796898\charrsid4553540 Writing and Correction}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid15496489\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8796898\charrsid4553540 The account of Leicestershire was written by the main scribe of Great Domesd
ay in one regular quire of four sheets (or bifolia), that is eight folios (folios 230-237 inclusive); he did not need to include any half-sheets. The text originally ended on folio 236d, but during checking he discovered his omission of Earl Hugh's fief a
n
d of the subinfeudated lands of the Count of Meulan and inserted them on folio 237ab. The reverse of this final folio of the quire is blank. Unlike in some other counties, such as Cheshire, he was able to judge accurately the amount of space he would need
 and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11368824\charrsid4553540 to }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8796898\charrsid4553540 
assemble a suitably-sized quire. This was also so in the other counties in circuit IV. For the two ruling patterns used in Leicestershire and the irregular features in them, see \{Introduction: Circuit}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11368824\charrsid4553540 
 and Ruling Patterns}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8796898\charrsid4553540 \}.
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6639512\charrsid4553540 \tab It is almost certain that
 there was a circuit volume for circuit IV and that it was from this that the scribe wrote up the account of Domesday Leicestershire. There are several signs that this circuit volume was arranged by fief and then by county within each fief}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5793479\charrsid4553540  (followed by hundred or wapentake)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13914642 , as was the main part of the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13914642 Liber Exoniensis}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6639512\charrsid4553540 
, the circuit volume and direct predecessor of circuit I}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7240902\charrsid4553540 I which contains}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6639512\charrsid4553540  the five south-west counties in Great Dome
sday. The clearest proof of this is the inclusion in circuit IV of no less than 28 e}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9450507\charrsid4553540 states in the wrong county}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6639512\charrsid4553540 
, far more than in any other circuit. Many of the tenants in this circuit held in several counties and the main scribe of Great Domesday }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7240902\charrsid4553540 may have }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6639512\charrsid4553540 
failed to see some of the county heads within a fief; occasionally a head may even have been missing (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7240902\charrsid4553540 compare }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6639512\charrsid4553540 
SOM 8 Glastonbury note). Where a tenant held only one or two estates in a county but had a number in other counties in the circuit, the possibilit
y increases of such an omission or of the Great Domesday scribe failing to take note of a heading; see, for example, WAR 3,6 Spelsbury note and NTH 46,7 Whichford note and compare NTH 16,1 entry note. Sometimes fief-holders themselves may have been respon
sible by not making it clear in which county their estates lay or by including some in the wrong county; see NTH 36,3 entry note and WAR 27,6 entry note.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7240902\charrsid4553540 
 Another indication of the existence of a circuit volume for circuit IV is that details of some individual estates only make sense if entries, now scattered within a county or fief in Great Domesday, were once together; see NTH 18,8 Heyford note}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5793479\charrsid4553540  and OXF }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1516589\charrsid4553540 9,10 Arncott}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5793479\charrsid4553540  note}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7240902\charrsid4553540 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15496489\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7240902\charrsid4553540 \tab Although the Leicestershire folios do not contain any estates that were not in that county in 1086 and none of its estates were entered in other counties in circuit}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9786292\charrsid4553540 
 IV, the initial omission of some of the fiefs can be attributed to his abbreviation of a feudally-arranged circuit volume. Moreover, if the fiefs in it were not laid out with th
e lordship land separated from the subinfeudated land, it would explain the misplacement of several entries, such as those for Peckleton (14,12) and Wyfordby (18,4), as well as the omission of the holdings of the Count of Meulan's men (LEC 44). It would h
ave been easy when picking out the lordship or subtenanted lands from a section arranged purely }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5793479\charrsid4553540 
by wapentake to miss one or two or, in the case of the Count of Meulan, to fail to return to the account of his fief to abstract the subtenanted lands. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1516589\charrsid4553540 The same 
would have been true where he decided to group together the holdings of some subtenants. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5793479\charrsid4553540 A later check of such}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9786292\charrsid4553540  section}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5793479\charrsid4553540 s}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9786292\charrsid4553540  would}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1516589\charrsid4553540  have}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9786292\charrsid4553540  reveal}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1516589\charrsid4553540 ed}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9786292\charrsid4553540  the omission}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5793479\charrsid4553540 s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9786292\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6639512\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9786292\charrsid4553540 \tab No less than eight fiefs were later added to the account of Leicestershire. In circuit IV }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5793479\charrsid4553540 an exceptionally large number of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9786292\charrsid4553540 
fiefs}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5793479\charrsid4553540 , 25, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9786292\charrsid4553540 were originally omitted,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5793479\charrsid4553540  which is }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9786292\charrsid4553540 
over half the total for Great Domesday as a whole. Five entries were also initially omitted in Leicestershire and all were added after the rest of the county had been rubricated; no entri
es were added before rubrication, as also in Staffordshire, another feature of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1329934\charrsid4553540 counties in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9786292\charrsid4553540 circuit IV}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1329934\charrsid4553540 
. This may have been caused by the rearrangement into lordship and subinfeudated holdings, but it is also possible that some or all of them were omitted in
 the circuit volume; certainly it is odd that if 43,7-8 had been in it they were not included at the same time as the rest of chapter 43 which was one of the added fiefs. One of the fiefs, that of Robert son of William the usher (see 43,9 entry note)}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2912180\charrsid4553540 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1329934\charrsid4553540  was 
also added after rubrication and in the same campaign as three additions in Warwickshire (WAR 3,4. 6,9. 14,2) and two in Staffordshire (STS 16,2-3), further suggesting either that the scribe checked the whole of the circuit volume in one go (rather than t
he account of the holdings in each county separately) or that he gathered together omitted entries }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2912180\charrsid4553540 that he had found during separate}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1329934\charrsid4553540  checks and then added them together. }
{\f0\fs24\insrsid2912180\charrsid4553540 
This check or checks would probably have been made as a further exercise, an initial check or checks producing material that was entered in Great Domesday before rubrication (as seven of the Leicestershire fiefs were). }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1329934\charrsid4553540 Apart from the added fiefs and entries, the main scribe of Great Domesday}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2912180\charrsid4553540 
 made few corrections and additions that can be more or less definitely said to be post-scriptal; these are described in the relevant places in the Notes.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9786292\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2912180\charrsid4553540 \tab Scribe B}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7150986\charrsid4553540  made thirteen contributions to Leicestershire; none was rubricated, although only the place-names (38,1. 44,3) would have been. See \{Scribe B\}
. The source of his addition of the 1086 value of Ingarsby (13,51) was probably not the circuit volume as it was inserted into a space left for it by the main scribe of 
Great Domesday. Neither scribe, however, was able to fill in the seven plough estimates in the spaces left for them in chapter 19 (19,2 land note). One of the minor scribes, scribe F, made his only addition to Great Domesday in Leicestershire, the inserti
on of the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7150986\charrsid4553540 T.R.E.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7150986\charrsid4553540  tenants of the two holdings in Ralph of Mortimer's fief with how they had been held; see 21,2 Edric note}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3038054\charrsid4553540 
. This information had probably also been missing in the circuit volume.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9512864\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2912180\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9786292 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13914642\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid16021730\charrsid4553540 Wapentake}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  Heads}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3092420 {\f0\fs24\insrsid16321224\charrsid4553540 At first sight, Domesday Leicestershire appears to be a well rubricated county. }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1516589\charrsid4553540  How}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16321224\charrsid4553540 ever, closer inspection suggests that }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1516589\charrsid4553540 there are more headings missing than are present; see \{Introduction: Wapentakes\}.T}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3092420\charrsid4553540 hese additional headings are discussed a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1516589\charrsid4553540 nd justified in the N}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3092420\charrsid4553540 otes}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1516589\charrsid4553540 
 to the individual entries.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3092420\charrsid4553540 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9598683 {\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid16021730\charrsid4553540 Standard Order of Wapentakes}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16321224 {\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 In most counties}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11865549\charrsid4553540  in Great Domesday}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 , within individual chapters, places that belonged to one hundred or wapentake are entered as a block, before a group belonging to some other hundred or wapentake}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Moreover, in many counties the hundreds or wapentakes themselves are entered in a standard order in each}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16321224\charrsid4553540  fief. This regularity of order was first properl}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3891707\charrsid4553540 y studied Sawyer, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16321224\charrsid4553540 Ori}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3891707\charrsid4553540 ginal Returns}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3891707\charrsid4553540 ; for his discussion of Leicestershire, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16321224\charrsid4553540 see p. 181.
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1717769 {\f0\fs24\insrsid3891707\charrsid4553540 \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
At first sight it is difficult to detect the wapentakal arrangement of Leicestershire because wapentake headings appear to be missing, most evidently from the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3891707\charrsid4553540  beginning of twelve c}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11865549\charrsid4553540 hapters: 5, 8, 11-12, 14, 20-21,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3891707\charrsid4553540  27, 29, 35, 3}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1717769\charrsid4553540 7, 41}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1717769\charrsid4553540 In a few cases (e.g., chapters}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3891707\charrsid4553540 
 20, 27) the heading required is the same as the last one in the previous chapter, but it is not clear if the scribe intended to omit the heading for t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1717769\charrsid4553540 his reason}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1717769\charrsid4553540 For example, in chapters}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3891707\charrsid4553540  10, 23 and 30 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11865549\charrsid4553540 he wrote}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3891707\charrsid4553540 
 at the head of the chapter a wapentake name (Guthlaxton, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3891707\charrsid4553540 Goscote}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3891707\charrsid4553540 
 and Framland respectively) which is last in the previous chapter.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11865549\charrsid4553540  Moreover, nineteen of the forty-four chapters contain the land of one wapentake only: chapters 4-5, 9, 11, 20-22, 24-26, 2
8, 30-33, 35, 37-38, 44.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1322471\charrsid4553540 
\par \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1717769\charrsid4553540 However, if}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11865549\charrsid4553540  in the remaining twenty-five chapters}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1717769\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 wapentake heads }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1717769\charrsid4553540 are restored }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 using the evidence of the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 Survey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  and }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1717769\charrsid4553540 the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 internal cross-references}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1717769\charrsid4553540  of Domesday}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11865549\charrsid4553540  }
{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 i}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11865549\charrsid4553540 t seems that }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1322471\charrsid4553540 the scribe attempted}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11865549\charrsid4553540  to arrange the material in }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1322471\charrsid4553540 the following}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11865549\charrsid4553540  wapentakal order:}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  Guthlaxton, Gartree, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Goscote}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  and Framland}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16596486\charrsid4553540 
This 'standard' order is only apparent, though,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9917100\charrsid4553540  in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16596486\charrsid4553540 
thirteen chapters (chapters 2-3, 6-7, 10, 12, 15, 17-19, 29, 34, 41) with signs of it in a further four chapters (chapters 8, 13, 16, 23). O}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11994738\charrsid4553540 f the other eight chapters, chapter 1}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16596486\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11994738\charrsid4553540 (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16596486\charrsid4553540 the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16596486\charrsid4553540 Terra Regis}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11994738\charrsid4553540 )}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16596486\charrsid4553540  was arranged by }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16596486\charrsid4553540 T.R.E.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9917100\charrsid4553540  holder (and is often not in the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16002623\charrsid4553540  standard order}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9917100\charrsid4553540  where there is one}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16002623\charrsid4553540  in other counties), in chapters 36 and 39 the order of the two wapentakes are reversed, as are}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11994738\charrsid4553540 
 two of the three in chapter 27, while chapter 42 (the king's servants) is arranged by holder. Only in chapters 14, 40, 43 is there n
o sign of the standard order and in chapter 43 this is partly due to two entries being added later, which is a common reason for the disruption of an otherwise standard order in some fiefs in other Domesday counties.}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1717769\charrsid4553540 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16326348 {\f0\fs24\insrsid11994738\charrsid4553540 \tab In Leicestershire, as in the other counties in circuit IV, the scribe entered}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  land held by}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10426467\charrsid4553540  the tenant-in-chief }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 before}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16326348\charrsid4553540  that held by the subtenants}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid10426467\charrsid4553540  in most chapters}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8607974\charrsid4553540  where both occurred (chapters 3, 5-6, 10, 13, 15, 17-18, 20, 23-25, 29, 40}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6632873\charrsid4553540 -41, 43)}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid10426467\charrsid4553540 , though he reversed the order in chapter 16 and did not separate them at all in chapter 18; see \{Introduction: Layout and Content\}.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16326348\charrsid4553540  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid10118134\charrsid4553540 This separation of lordship from subinfeudated land did not }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4814409\charrsid4553540 
usually upset the standard order of wapentakes in chapters where this is visible, though of course it led to two separate sequences (as in chapters 6, 15, 17, 29, 41). Occasionally, however, he gathered together the holdings }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9579266\charrsid4553540 of some subtenants and this }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4814409\charrsid4553540 disrupt}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9579266\charrsid4553540 ed the wapentakal order }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4814409\charrsid4553540 in chapters }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8455128\charrsid4553540 40, 42}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9579266\charrsid4553540 , and partially disrupted it in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8455128\charrsid4553540 chapter}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9579266\charrsid4553540 s 10, 13}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8455128\charrsid4553540 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9579266\charrsid4553540  Moreover, he also briefly omitted both lordship and subinfeudated holdings and this further disrupted the wapentakal order.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8455128\charrsid4553540 
 The exact arrangement of each chapter is given in the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9579266\charrsid4553540  Notes}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8455128\charrsid4553540 .
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9917100\charrsid4553540 \tab If, as seems likely, the circuit volume was arranged purely by wapentake wit}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12661843\charrsid4553540 hin each fief, in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9917100\charrsid4553540 re-order}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12661843\charrsid4553540 ing}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9917100\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12661843\charrsid4553540 (as well as abbreviating) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9917100\charrsid4553540 the entries the scribe }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12661843\charrsid4553540 separated}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9917100\charrsid4553540  lordship land from subinfeudations as well as }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12661843\charrsid4553540 grouped}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9917100\charrsid4553540  together the
 holdings of some subtenants, with the resultant occasional omission. It is therefore not surprising that the original wapentakal order of his source was disrupted in the process.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9579266\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9579266 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13914642\charrsid4553540 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9598683 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Order of Vills
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5979263\charrsid4553540 In a shire where the order of wapentakes appears to be standard in the majority of fiefs, and a number of vills contain more than one estate which appear in different chapte}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid10576719\charrsid4553540 rs in Domesday, it would be exp}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5979263\charrsid4553540 ected that the names of vills would appear in a similar order}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10576719\charrsid4553540 
. This is because both the wapentakes and their constituent vills}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1516589\charrsid4553540  probably}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10576719\charrsid4553540 
 appeared in a territorially arranged schedule before being converted to feudal form. A number of counties illustrate this clearly. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5979263\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10576719\charrsid4553540 \tab No }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12260184\charrsid4553540 really }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10576719\charrsid4553540 clear pattern is evident in L
eicestershire. This is partly because there are very few cases where two or more estates occur in the same chapters, an}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12260184\charrsid4553540 d partly because, when they do, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10576719\charrsid4553540 
one may be in the lordship part of the chapter, the other among the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12260184\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10576719\charrsid4553540 subinfeudations. A few cases illustrate similar order. Thus }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5054530\charrsid4553540 Stockerston appears at 13,1}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12260184\charrsid4553540 5 and 40,21 and Stonton Wyville}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5054530\charrsid4553540 
 at 13,56 and 40,28. East Norton is found at 19,18 and 29,2, Withcote at 19,20 and 29,20}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4741080\charrsid4553540 . Shearsby is found at 10,6 and 13,33, Croft at 10,7 and 13,37. Congerston}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12260184\charrsid4553540 e}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4741080\charrsid4553540  occurs at}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8455128\charrsid4553540  14,13 and 19,7,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12260184\charrsid4553540  Somerby at 14,31 and 19,19.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4741080\charrsid4553540 
 In a quadruple example Leire is found at 3,3 and 17,2; Swinford at 3,10 and 17,7; Great Dalby at 3,12 and 17,25}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1516589\charrsid4553540 ;}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4741080\charrsid4553540  and Holwell at 3,16 and 17,30.}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5135012\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12260184\charrsid4553540 H}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12976806\charrsid4553540 owever, there are a few}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5054530\charrsid4553540  ca}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12260184\charrsid4553540 s}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5054530\charrsid4553540 es where the o}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12260184\charrsid4553540 r}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5054530\charrsid4553540 der is inverted. Thus }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12976806\charrsid4553540 B}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4741080\charrsid4553540 
arleston}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15242\charrsid4553540 e}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12976806\charrsid4553540  occurs at 13,46 and 17,10, and}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4741080\charrsid4553540  Evington at 13,50 and 17,6}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1516589\charrsid4553540 
. Similarly Long Clawson appears at 15,12 and}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5054530\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12260184\charrsid4553540 20,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1516589\charrsid4553540 3-4,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5054530\charrsid4553540  wh}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12260184\charrsid4553540 ile Hose i}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1516589\charrsid4553540 s found at 15,13 and 20,1-2}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12976806\charrsid4553540  In chapters 17 and 40}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5135012\charrsid4553540  there is a more complex example:}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4741080\charrsid4553540 Peatling}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12976806\charrsid4553540  Magna occurs at 17,1 and 40,2, and }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4741080\charrsid4553540 Frolesworth at 17,3 and 40,4}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12976806\charrsid4553540 , but}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4741080\charrsid4553540  Cosby }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12976806\charrsid4553540 appears }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4741080\charrsid4553540 at 17,9 and 40,3.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4530775\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4530775 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13914642\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid4530775\charrsid4553540 Duplicate Entries}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4741080\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5054530\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14822526\charrsid4553540 The fief of Robert the usher (LEC 20) was entered again, with some differences, in a space left after the addition of Earl Hugh's fief (
LEC 43); see 43,9 entry note. It was added after the county had been rubricated and at the same time as four other entries (which were not duplicates).
\par \tab Although not strictly a duplicate entry, the note written by scribe B in the margin of folio 235c next to Willia}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12202996\charrsid4553540 m Lovett's fief and concerning the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14822526\charrsid4553540  third part of a }
{\f0\fs24\insrsid10382340\charrsid4553540 virgate in 'Stotfold' Hundred repeats most of the details of the entry written by the main scribe of Great Domesday in NTH 37,1; see 27,4 scribe B note.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14822526\charrsid4553540 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13108082 {\f0\fs24\insrsid5987677\charrsid4553540 \tab Parts of other entries may be duplicated elsewhere in Leicestershire. The 1 \'bd
 carucates in Gaulby held by the king as part of Great Bowden (1,4) may be the same as the 1 carucate}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13108082\charrsid4553540  and}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5987677\charrsid4553540  3 bovates held by two men-at-arms in}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13108082\charrsid4553540  another holding in Gaulby}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5987677\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13108082\charrsid4553540 (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5987677\charrsid4553540 13,53}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13108082\charrsid4553540 )}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5987677\charrsid4553540 ;  see 13,53 Gaulby note.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13108082\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5381728\charrsid4553540 Two}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13108082\charrsid4553540  carucates in Sw
epstone (14,23) might be duplicated in the 2 carucates in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid227623 Seal }{\f0\fs24\insrsid227623\charrsid227623 (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13108082\charrsid227623 Netherseal }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15617104 and/}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13108082\charrsid227623 
or Overseal}{\f0\fs24\insrsid227623\charrsid227623 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13108082\charrsid4553540  (39,1); see 14,23 carucates note. The carucate in Stapleton at 13,9 may be the same as the carucate i
n Stapleton that belongs to Barwell (6,4); see 13,9 Stapleton note.
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5381728\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12202996\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2585885\charrsid4553540 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9598683 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5381728\charrsid4553540 SPECI}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 AL FEATURES
\par Borough}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5009857\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2059075\charrsid4553540 Domesday Leicestershire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5009857\charrsid4553540  mentions a single borough, the city of Leicester}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2059075\charrsid4553540  (C1-18). This}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5009857\charrsid4553540  
}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2059075\charrsid4553540 section}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5009857\charrsid4553540  concentrates on }{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5009857\charrsid4553540 
the customs and customary payments of the city and on the houses and burgesses belonging to the major landholders in the shire}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid2059075\charrsid4553540 ; see C1}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5381728\charrsid4553540  }{
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5009857\charrsid4553540 city note.}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5009857 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13914642\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Castle}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5009857\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5009857\charrsid4553540 Domesday does not ment}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2059075\charrsid4553540 ion a castle in Leicester in 1086, nor in the account it gives of the city is there any mention of the destruction of houses }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5009857\charrsid4553540 to clear the site}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2059075\charrsid4553540  for one}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5009857\charrsid4553540 . Nonetheless it is very likely that there was one there}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2059075\charrsid4553540 ,}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5009857\charrsid4553540  probably from early in William}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5009857\charrsid4553540 s reign; see }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2059075\charrsid4553540 
Fox, 'Leicester Castle'; Chinnery, 'Leicester Castle and the Newarke'}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5381728\charrsid4553540 ;}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2059075\charrsid4553540  and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5009857\charrsid4553540 \{Introduction: History\}.}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2716924 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13914642\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid2716924\charrsid4553540 Forest
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2716924\charrsid4553540 The final entry under the city of Leicester}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4720703\charrsid4553540  (C18)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2716924\charrsid4553540  ref}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4720703\charrsid4553540 e}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2716924\charrsid4553540 rs to the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2716924\charrsid4553540 woodland of the whole}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10361586\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2716924\charrsid4553540 sheriffdom}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4720703\charrsid4553540 , called }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2059075\charrsid4553540 "}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4720703\charrsid4553540 Hereswode}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2059075\charrsid4553540 "}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13914642  '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4720703\charrsid4553540 . This is the only reference in Leicestershire to any woodland that is other than the resource of an individual manor. The meaning }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4720703\charrsid4553540 wood of the army}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4720703\charrsid4553540  may refer to a resource exploited by the Danish army that occupied the area that later became Leicestershi
re from the late ninth}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8455128\charrsid4553540  century until its surrender in 918. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3875851\charrsid4553540 Sherwood Forest in Nottinghamshire (}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3875851\charrsid4553540 shire wood}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3875851\charrsid4553540 ) seems to have a similar origin.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5381728\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3875851\charrsid4553540 
The }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3875851\charrsid4553540 Hereswode}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3875851\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4720703\charrsid4553540 was probably the woodland that later became Leicester Forest}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12722927\charrsid4553540 
. It was possibly in no }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4720703\charrsid4553540 one}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4720703\charrsid4553540 s lordship in 1086, though}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8455128\charrsid4553540  Lei}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4720703\charrsid4553540 cester Forest was }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2059075\charrsid4553540 later }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4720703\charrsid4553540 held by the Earls of Leicester and may h}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2059075\charrsid4553540 
ave come to Robert of Meulan fro}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4720703\charrsid4553540 m Ivo of Gra}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8455128\charrsid4553540 ndmesnil who inherited the estates of his father H}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4720703\charrsid4553540 ugh of Grandmesnil (LEC 13 }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2059075\charrsid4553540 Hugh }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4720703\charrsid4553540 note). In the twelfth century, if not earlier,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16142252\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4720703\charrsid4553540 th
e burgesses of Leicester were allowed to gather firewood in the forest}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7950442\charrsid4553540 , which suggests that it was in origin a common resource.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4720703\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7950442\charrsid4553540 \tab After 1086 Charnwood For}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8455128\charrsid4553540 e}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7950442\charrsid4553540 st was delineated and under Henry I the Royal Forest of Leicestershire and Rutland was created, t
he only one of the three Leicestershire forests subject to forest law. This was sometimes known as Leighfi}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8455128\charrsid4553540 eld F}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7950442\charrsid4553540 orest from its}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8455128\charrsid4553540  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid7950442\charrsid4553540 centre in Rutland.
\par \tab On the Leicestershire Forests}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2059075\charrsid4553540 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7950442\charrsid4553540  see }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7950442\charrsid4553540 VCH Leic}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8455128\charrsid4553540 e}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7950442\charrsid4553540 stershire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8927183\charrsid4553540 , ii. pp. 265-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5381728\charrsid4553540 67}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2059075\charrsid4553540 ; Round, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2059075\charrsid4553540 
Calendar of Documents, France}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2059075\charrsid4553540 , p. 229 no. 653}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5381728\charrsid4553540 ;}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10361586\charrsid4553540  and on Leicester Forest}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8927183\charrsid4553540 ,}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid10361586\charrsid4553540  see Fox and Russell, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10361586\charrsid4553540 Leicester Forest}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10361586\charrsid4553540 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7950442\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13914642 
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13914642\charrsid13914642 RELATED OR 'SATELLITE' TEXTS
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5595730\charrsid4553540 The Leicestershire Survey}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2444006\charrsid4553540 
There are no extant texts relating to the Domesday Survey for Leicestershire. However, there are later versions of a twelfth-century survey, the Leicestershire Survey, which contains information useful to check and supplement that given by Domesday Leices
tershire on the wapentakes. 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2444006 {\f0\fs24\insrsid2444006\charrsid4553540 \tab 
The Leicestershire Survey probably dates from 1129-1130. It is dated from the known facts of the lives of three individuals mentioned within it: King David of Scotland who acceded in 1124 gives the earliest possible date. Howev
er, Roger de Mowbray, son of Nigel de Albini, succeeded his father on his death in 1129, giving a later lower dating limit. Hugh the sheriff of Leicester abandoned office in 1130, which provides the u}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5595730\charrsid4553540 
pper limit for this}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2444006\charrsid4553540  Survey. He appears }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5595730\charrsid4553540 here}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2444006\charrsid4553540  as both Hugh
 the sheriff and Hugh of Leicester which may suggest that he abandoned office during the conduct of the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid91586\charrsid4553540 Leicestershire }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2444006\charrsid4553540 Survey.
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16321224 {\f0\fs24\insrsid2444006\charrsid4553540 \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15286472\charrsid4553540 The}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1059679\charrsid4553540 
 original manuscript of the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15286472\charrsid4553540 Leicestershire }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 Survey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8729614\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1059679\charrsid4553540 has not survived, }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5595730\charrsid4553540 but part of its contents exists}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1059679\charrsid4553540  in two }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4018881\charrsid4553540 rolls of the thirteenth century:}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1059679\charrsid4553540  PRO, E.198,1/1}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13437588\charrsid4553540 , described as 'a roll of one membrane' }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1059679\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13437588\charrsid4553540 (text A)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4018881\charrsid4553540 ,}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13437588\charrsid4553540  and B}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13914642 ritish }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13437588\charrsid4553540 L}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13914642 ibrary}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13437588\charrsid4553540 , Sloane Rolls, xxx}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4018881\charrsid4553540 i}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13437588\charrsid4553540 .7, containing twelve rotulets with the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13437588\charrsid13914642 Survey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13437588\charrsid4553540  on rotulets 10}{
\f0\fs24\super\insrsid1797093\charrsid4553540 r}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13437588\charrsid4553540 , 12}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2444006\charrsid4553540  (text B)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4018881\charrsid4553540 . Both are fragmentary and the relationship 
between them and the original }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9527336\charrsid4553540 manuscript }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4018881\charrsid4553540 is uncertain, although the B}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5595730\charrsid4553540 ritish Library }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4018881\charrsid4553540 
version is more likely to have been taken directly from the official version, while the extracts in the Sloane Rolls version were made for private use.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9527336\charrsid4553540 
 These Sloane Rolls are concerned with the holdings of the Basset family of Weldon (Northamptonshire). }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2444006\charrsid4553540 Also within B}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13914642 ritish }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2444006\charrsid4553540 L}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13914642 ibrary}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2444006\charrsid4553540 , Sloane Rolls, xxxi.7, on rotulets}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5595730\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2444006\charrsid4553540 1, 6,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9527336\charrsid4553540  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1797093\charrsid4553540 10}{\f0\fs24\super\insrsid1797093\charrsid4553540 v}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1797093\charrsid4553540 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2115869\charrsid4553540 12, are various entries referring to an earlier date}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9527336\charrsid4553540  in the twelfth century, the substance of which (but not the form) may have been taken from}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2115869\charrsid4553540  the original of the Leicestershire Survey (text C). }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13437588\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2115869\charrsid4553540 Text A was}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10515652\charrsid4553540  first printed }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2115869\charrsid4553540 (in Latin) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10515652\charrsid4553540 
and discussed by Round (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10515652\charrsid4553540 Feudal England}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16142252\charrsid4553540 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10515652\charrsid4553540  pp. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1059679\charrsid4553540 160-7}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16321224\charrsid4553540 4}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1059679\charrsid4553540 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2115869\charrsid4553540 . This was then translated}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10515652\charrsid4553540  with comment}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8729614\charrsid4553540 a}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid10515652\charrsid4553540 ry by }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8729614\charrsid4553540 F.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13914642  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8729614\charrsid4553540 M. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10515652\charrsid4553540 Stenton in }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10515652\charrsid4553540 VCH Leicestershire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16321224\charrsid4553540 , i. pp. 339-54}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5595730\charrsid4553540 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2115869\charrsid4553540  Texts A, B and C }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid10515652\charrsid4553540 subsequently appeared in a comprehensive study by C.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13914642  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10515652\charrsid4553540 F.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2115869\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10515652\charrsid4553540 
Slade (}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10515652\charrsid4553540 Leicestershire }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 Survey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10515652\charrsid4553540 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2115869\charrsid4553540 
, where the Latin is given on one half of the page and the translation on the other}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10515652\charrsid4553540 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2186297\charrsid4553540 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9598683 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14507753\charrsid4553540 \tab Text A begins part of the way through the account of Gartree Wapentake, which is followed by}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6776362\charrsid4553540  the accounts of 'Goscote' and Framland Wapentakes; it includes the small hundreds into which these wapentakes were divided. Text B contains entries in all four wap
entakes, but the hundreds are only recorded in Guthlaxton Wapentake; }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1797093\charrsid4553540 rotulet 10 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6776362\charrsid4553540 is incomplete and damage}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1797093\charrsid4553540 d. }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6776362\charrsid4553540 T}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1797093\charrsid4553540 ext C also has vills in all four wapentakes}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16453240\charrsid4553540  (unnamed)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1797093\charrsid4553540 
, but no small hundreds are mentioned. Taken together, only the survey for Framland Wapentake is complete}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16453240\charrsid4553540 
, those for 'Goscote' and Guthlaxton Wapentakes are defective and there is very little on Gartree Wapentake.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6776362\charrsid4553540   }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14507753\charrsid4553540  
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10515652\charrsid4553540 \tab The }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10686866\charrsid4553540 Leicestershire }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 Survey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10515652\charrsid4553540 
 appears to have been an enquiry into an existing situation which was seen as unsatisfactory, that is the disparity between the assessment of the county for geld and the actu}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4986373\charrsid4553540 al payments received. It seems}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid10515652\charrsid4553540  to have been more carefully compiled tha}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4986373\charrsid4553540 n}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10515652\charrsid4553540  at least the final version of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5595730\charrsid4553540  the}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid10515652\charrsid4553540  Domesday}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5595730\charrsid4553540  Survey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10515652\charrsid4553540  and its information}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4986373\charrsid4553540  is the more secure because it was}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid10515652\charrsid4553540  compiled by }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10515652\charrsid4553540 small hundreds}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4986373\charrsid4553540 
 and vills, meaning that it was difficult for estates to have been}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10515652\charrsid4553540  omitted and that the duodecimal sim}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4986373\charrsid4553540 plicity of the assessment stood}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid10515652\charrsid4553540  out }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5595730\charrsid4553540 more }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10515652\charrsid4553540 clearly.
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15666928\charrsid4553540 \tab A typical example of an entry for a hundred in the Leicestershire Survey is as follows:
\par \tab \tab 'Goscote' Wapentake. Loddington Hundred. In Skeffington Norman de Verdun 8 \'bd }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6302753\charrsid4553540 
\par \tab \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15666928\charrsid4553540 carucates. Richard Basset 3 \'bd carucates. In Tugby Norman de Verdun 6 carucates. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6302753\charrsid4553540 
\par \tab \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15666928\charrsid4553540 In Allexton 5 carucates and 1 virgate of King David''s fee. And 3 virgates of the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6302753\charrsid4553540 
\par \tab \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15666928\charrsid4553540 king's soc [jurisdiction]. In Loddington Richard Basset 12 carucates. In Thorpe }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6302753\charrsid4553540 
\par \tab \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15666928\charrsid4553540 Satchville and in Twyford Richard de Rollos 9 carucates less 1 bovate. And 5 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6302753\charrsid4553540 
\par \tab \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15666928\charrsid4553540 carucates of the king's soc (jurisdiction]. Of these Grimbald holds \'bd carucate and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6302753\charrsid4553540 
\par \tab \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15666928\charrsid4553540 King David 1 carucate. In East Norton 10 bovates. Walter de Beauchamp 6 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6302753\charrsid4553540 
\par \tab \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15666928\charrsid4553540 carucates. And Roger de Mowbray 4 carucates and 3 virgates.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6302753\charrsid4553540  (The translation is 
\par \tab \tab that of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5595730\charrsid4553540  the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6302753\charrsid4553540  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6302753\charrsid4553540 Leicestershire Survey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6302753\charrsid4553540 
, pp. 14-15, with adjustment to the spelling of the 
\par \tab \tab wapentake name.)
\par The }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5595730\charrsid4553540 information provided by the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6302753\charrsid4553540 Leice}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5595730\charrsid4553540 stershire Survey thus allows the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6302753\charrsid4553540  estates}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5595730\charrsid4553540  it contains}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6302753\charrsid4553540  to be related directly to those of Domesday by name and taxable size, and indirectly when the individuals named in 1086 and }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6302753\charrsid4553540 c}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6302753\charrsid4553540 . 1130 are connected to each other by a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5595730\charrsid4553540  study of the descent of fiefs.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15666928\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9573987\charrsid4553540 \tab The }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4986373\charrsid4553540 Leicestershire }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 Survey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9573987\charrsid4553540 
 is of great value for the understanding of Domesday, being one of the few illuminating documents th}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8729614\charrsid4553540 at date from a generation o}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9573987\charrsid4553540 r two }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4986373\charrsid4553540 after}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9573987\charrsid4553540  the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 Domesday }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9573987\charrsid4553540 Enquiry. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
Apart from its value in suggesting how the wapentake}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9573987\charrsid4553540 s were}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4986373\charrsid4553540  internally divided}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 , at least in the twelfth cent}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4986373\charrsid4553540 ury, but probably earlier, this}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540  Survey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  can be used both to check and to amplify the in}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4986373\charrsid4553540 
formation given in Domesday Leicestershire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 The Domesday material is arranged by fief, within which material is not at first sight arranged in }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4986373\charrsid4553540 clear }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 blocks}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4986373\charrsid4553540  of wapentakes}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 The }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4986373\charrsid4553540 Leicestershire }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 Survey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  on the other hand is arranged by wapentakes}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Since those places that lie directly beneath a wapentake head in the Domesday folios are almost always fo}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4986373\charrsid4553540 und in the same wapentake in this}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 Survey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13845992\charrsid4553540 (if they appear in it at all),}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
 there is a strong presumption that the composition of the wapentakes was the same a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4986373\charrsid4553540 t both dates.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5595730\charrsid4553540 At }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 the level of individual estates there are a number of diffe}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5595730\charrsid4553540 rences in assessment}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 , partly due no doubt}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4986373\charrsid4553540  to errors in both Domesday Leicestershire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  and the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4986373\charrsid4553540 Leicestershire }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 Survey}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 , partly to the incompleteness of both, partly to the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16142252\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4986373\charrsid4553540 creation of new land, perhaps}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
 by assarting}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9573987\charrsid4553540 , partly }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8848432\charrsid4553540 to}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9573987\charrsid4553540  the re-allocation of the tax burden between adjacent estates}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . 
}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Some vills th}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4986373\charrsid4553540 at are separate in Domesday Leicestershire}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  are combin}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8616911\charrsid4553540 
ed in the statistics}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4986373\charrsid4553540  given in the Leicestershire Survey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8616911\charrsid4553540 ;}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  on the other hand the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15666928\charrsid4553540  latter
}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  provides a num}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8616911\charrsid4553540 ber of additional place-names}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  many of which supply identities for members or subdivisio}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8616911\charrsid4553540 ns of named Domesday holdings.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13845992 {\f0\fs24\insrsid13845992\charrsid4553540 \tab An example of the correction that the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6302753\charrsid4553540 Leicestershire }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 Survey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13845992\charrsid4553540  can supply for Domesday is the case of Domesday }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13845992\charrsid4553540 Lestone }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13845992\charrsid4553540 
(13,27-28). This seems to correspond to }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13845992\charrsid4553540 Leyton}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6302753\charrsid4553540  in the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13845992\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4936781 Survey}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3110981\charrsid4553540 , }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6302753\charrsid4553540 p. 2}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3110981\charrsid4553540 3}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13845992\charrsid4553540 Lestone }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13845992\charrsid4553540 has generally been thought to be Thurlaston. In Domesday }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13845992\charrsid4553540 Lestone}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13845992\charrsid4553540 
 is apparently placed in Guthlaxton Wapentake (heading inserted above 13,25) and Thurlaston is geographically in that wapentake, but the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3110981\charrsid4553540 Leicestershire }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 Survey}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13845992\charrsid4553540  places }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13845992\charrsid4553540 Leyton}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13845992\charrsid4553540  in Gartree Wapentake, and it th}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3110981\charrsid4553540 erefore seems that the Gartree w}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13845992\charrsid4553540 apentake head that}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3110981\charrsid4553540  certainly}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13845992\charrsid4553540  needs to be restored above Smeeton Westerby}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16142252\charrsid4553540  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13845992\charrsid4553540 at 13,29 should really be placed }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3110981\charrsid4553540 two entries earlier }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13845992\charrsid4553540 above }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13845992\charrsid4553540 Lestone}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3110981\charrsid4553540  (13,27)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3110981\charrsid4553540  Since Thurlaston was }{\f0\fs24\insrsid158070\charrsid4553540 geographically }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3110981\charrsid4553540 
in Guthlaxton Wapentake it cannot be }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3110981\charrsid4553540 Lestone}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3110981\charrsid4553540 /}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3110981\charrsid4553540 Leyton}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3110981\charrsid4553540 ;}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3110981\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13845992\charrsid4553540 see 13,27 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3110981\charrsid4553540 "}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13845992\charrsid4553540 Lestone}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3110981\charrsid4553540 "}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13845992\charrsid4553540  note.
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8616911 {\f0\fs24\insrsid8616911\charrsid4553540 \tab Examples of the different ways of giving information between Domesday and the }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1000545\charrsid4553540 Leicestershire }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 Survey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8616911\charrsid4553540  are in Gartree Wapentake where the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1000545\charrsid4553540  latter}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8616911\charrsid4553540  amalgamates information for Kings Norton and Ga}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8729614\charrsid4553540 u}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8616911\charrsid4553540 lby}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8729614\charrsid4553540  (1,4 Gaulby note)}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8616911\charrsid4553540 , and in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8616911\charrsid4553540 Goscote}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8616911\charrsid4553540  Wapentake where }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1000545\charrsid4553540 in it }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8616911\charrsid4553540 the material for Dishley, Garendon, Thorpe Acre and Hathern is allocated in different ways}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8729614\charrsid4553540  (1,8 Thorpe note)}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8616911\charrsid4553540 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9598683 {\f0\fs24\insrsid8616911\charrsid4553540 \tab Additional place-names supplied by the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1000545\charrsid4553540 Leicestershire }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 Survey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8729614\charrsid4553540  are }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8616911\charrsid4553540 Bescaby, B}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8729614\charrsid4553540 lackfordby, Brentingby, Barkby }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15242\charrsid4553540 Thorpe, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 "}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8616911\charrsid4553540 Chil}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15242\charrsid4553540 teston}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 "}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2774962\charrsid4553540 , Cropston, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 "}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2774962\charrsid4553540 Dailescroft}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 "}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8616911\charrsid4553540 
, Eaton, Garendon, Garthorpe, Hamilton, Hemington, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8616911\charrsid4553540 Kilwardby}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8616911\charrsid4553540 
, Lockington, Muston, Normanton, Oakthorpe, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8616911\charrsid4553540 alia Overton}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8616911\charrsid4553540 , Plungar, Snibston, Thorpe Satchville and Long Whatton}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8616911\charrsid4553540 Of these, another part of Oakthorp}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1000545\charrsid4553540 e was in Derbyshire (DBY 14,10) and}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8616911\charrsid4553540   }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8616911\charrsid4553540 alia Overton}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8616911\charrsid4553540  was probably included in Coleorton.
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10108500\charrsid4553540 \tab The Leicestershire Survey sometimes names}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8616911\charrsid4553540  members of a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10108500\charrsid4553540 n estate which Domesday leaves unnamed. Thus }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8616911\charrsid4553540 in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8616911\charrsid4553540 Goscote}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8616911\charrsid4553540  Wapentake}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  Barkby }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8729614\charrsid4553540 (15,10) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 contained Barkby Thorpe and Hamilton; Barsby }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8729614\charrsid4553540 (1,3) }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 contained }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2774962\charrsid4553540 part of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 South Croxton}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2774962\charrsid4553540 
, of which other portions are named in Domesday (3,13. 15,11)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 ; and Shepshed }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2774962\charrsid4553540 (1,10) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 contained}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid10108500\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Lockington}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12583767\charrsid4553540 , }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Hemington}{\f0\fs24\insrsid158070\charrsid4553540  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12583767\charrsid4553540 and a part of Long Whatton}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 In Framland Wape}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10108500\charrsid4553540 ntake}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  Thorpe Arnold }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2774962\charrsid4553540 (13,70) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 answered for Brentingby; Saltby }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2774962\charrsid4553540 (18,3) }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 for Bescaby and Garthorpe; and Harby }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2774962\charrsid4553540 (15,3) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 for Plungar}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4553540 . }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 It is likely that Blackfordby a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8616911\charrsid4553540 nd }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8616911\charrsid4553540 Kilwardby}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 
'}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8616911\charrsid4553540  were included by Domesday}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4609305\charrsid4553540  under Alton }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2774962\charrsid4553540 (13,66)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  and Snibston under Packington}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2774962\charrsid4553540  (6,6)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 .
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2774962 {\f0\fs24\insrsid4609305\charrsid4553540 \tab }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8616911\charrsid4553540 In the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4609305\charrsid4553540 
Notes to the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8616911\charrsid4553540 present edition all the information that can be used to illustrate or understand Domesday has been included }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4609305\charrsid4553540 in}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8616911\charrsid4553540 
 individual entries}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4609305\charrsid4553540 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8616911\charrsid4553540  or at }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4609305\charrsid4553540 the head of fiefs where an esta}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8616911\charrsid4553540 
te can be connected with a Domesday fief-holder but cannot be connected with a Domesday entry.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2774962\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9573987\charrsid4553540 However, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2774962\charrsid4553540 t}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 he following estates, which have not yet been allocated to individual fiefs, appear to be missing from Domesday, or have not yet been identified with holdings in it}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9573987\charrsid4553540 :}{
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9598683 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\fs24\insrsid9573987\charrsid4553540 \tab }{\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
Two equal parts of Thorpe Satchville and Twyford (see 1, 3. 13,3}{\fs24\insrsid4609305\charrsid4553540 0)}{\fs24\insrsid3032448\charrsid4553540  in Loddington Hundred, 'Goscote' Wapentake,}{\fs24\insrsid4609305\charrsid4553540  held as 9}{
\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  c}{\fs24\insrsid2774962\charrsid4553540 arucates}{\fs24\insrsid4609305\charrsid4553540  less 1 bovate}{\fs24\insrsid2774962\charrsid4553540  each by Rich}{\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
ard de Rollos and Henry de Ferrers: }{\fs24\insrsid4936781 the }{\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4936781 Leicestershire }{\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4936781 Survey}{\fs24\insrsid4936781  (Slade}{\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 , pp. 15, 36}{
\fs24\insrsid4936781 )}{\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 .
\par }{\fs24\insrsid9573987\charrsid4553540 \tab }{\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 3 carucates in Humberstone }{\fs24\insrsid6890435\charrsid4553540 in Ashby [Folville] Hundred, 'Goscote' Wapentake, }{\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
held by Ralph de Martinwast:}{\fs24\insrsid4936781  the}{\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4936781  Leicestershire }{\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4936781 Survey}{\fs24\insrsid4936781  (Slade}{\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 , pp. 16, 40}{
\fs24\insrsid4936781 )}{\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 .
\par }{\fs24\insrsid9573987\charrsid4553540 \tab }{\fs24\insrsid2774962\charrsid4553540 6 carucates}{\fs24\insrsid6890435\charrsid4553540  in Belton}{\fs24\insrsid2774962\charrsid4553540  }{\fs24\insrsid3032448\charrsid4553540 i}{
\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 n Belton Hundred}{\fs24\insrsid6890435\charrsid4553540 , 'Goscote' Wapentake}{\fs24\insrsid3032448\charrsid4553540 , held by Norman de Verdun}{\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 :}{\fs24\insrsid4936781  the}{
\fs24\insrsid6890435\charrsid4936781  }{\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4936781 Leicestershire }{\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4936781 Survey}{\fs24\insrsid4936781  (Slade}{\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 , pp. 18, 45}{\fs24\insrsid4936781 )}{
\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 .
\par }{\fs24\insrsid9573987\charrsid4553540 \tab }{\fs24\insrsid3032448\charrsid4553540 3 carucates }{\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 in Staunton Harold in Belton Hundred, }{\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
Goscote}{\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  Wapentake}{\fs24\insrsid13643881\charrsid4553540 , held}{\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  by Norman de Verdun:}{\fs24\insrsid4936781  the}{
\fs24\insrsid16142252\charrsid4936781  }{\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4936781 Leicestershire }{\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4936781 Survey}{\fs24\insrsid4936781  (Slade}{\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 , pp. 18, 45}{\fs24\insrsid4936781 )}{
\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 .
\par }{\fs24\insrsid9573987\charrsid4553540 \tab }{\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 1 carucate }{\fs24\insrsid6890435\charrsid4553540 in "Dailescroft" }{\fs24\insrsid13643881\charrsid4553540 in Belton Hundred, 'Goscote' Wapentake, }{
\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 held by P}{\fs24\insrsid4936781 hilip de Beauchamp, the marshal}{\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 :}{\fs24\insrsid4936781  the}{\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4936781  Leicestershire }{
\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4936781 Survey}{\fs24\insrsid4936781  (Slade}{\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 , pp. 18, 46}{\fs24\insrsid4936781 )}{\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 .
\par }{\fs24\insrsid9573987\charrsid4553540 \tab }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 1 carucate}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid1715982\charrsid4553540  and}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  2 bovates in Diseworth in Diseworth Hundred}{
\fs24\cf1\insrsid1715982\charrsid4553540 ,}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid16142252\charrsid4553540  }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Goscote}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{
\fs24\cf1\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  Wapentake}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid8019647\charrsid4553540 , held by Norman de Verdun}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 : }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid4936781 the }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13204308\charrsid4936781 
Leicestershire }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid6712931\charrsid4936781 Survey}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid4936781  (Slade}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 , pp. 19, 46}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid4936781 )}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 .
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9598683 \cbpat8 {\fs24\cf1\insrsid9573987\charrsid4553540 \tab }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 2 carucates and 2 bovates in Long Watton in Shepshed Hundred, }{
\fs24\cf1\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Goscote}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  Wapentake}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid8019647\charrsid4553540 ,}{
\fs24\cf1\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  held by Norman de Verdun: }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid4936781 the }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13204308\charrsid4936781 Leicestershire }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid6712931\charrsid4936781 Survey}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid4936781  (Slade}{
\fs24\cf1\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 , pp. 19, 48}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid4936781 )}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 .
\par }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid9573987\charrsid4553540 \tab }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 12 carucates}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid8019647\charrsid4553540  and}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  2 bovates}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid16142252\charrsid4553540  }{
\fs24\cf1\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 in Eaton in Eastwell Hundred}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid8019647\charrsid4553540 ,}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid16142252\charrsid4553540  }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Framland Wapentake}{
\fs24\cf1\insrsid8019647\charrsid4553540 ,}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  held by Robe}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid8019647\charrsid4553540 r}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 t de Lisle (two estates, one of 3 carucates}{
\fs24\cf1\insrsid8019647\charrsid4553540  and 2}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  bovate}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid8019647\charrsid4553540 s}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 , and }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid8019647\charrsid4553540 the other }{
\fs24\cf1\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 of 8 carucates }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid8019647\charrsid4553540 and }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 3 \'bd bova}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid8019647\charrsid4553540 tes) and of}{
\fs24\cf1\insrsid2774962\charrsid4553540  the Belvoir Fee (\'bd }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid8019647\charrsid4553540  carucate and}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  \'bd bovate):}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid4936781  the}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  }
{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13204308\charrsid4936781 Leicestershire }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid6712931\charrsid4936781 Survey}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid4936781  (Slade}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 , pp. 20, 51}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid4936781 )}{
\fs24\cf1\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 .
\par }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid9573987\charrsid4553540 \tab }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 4 \'bd carucates in}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid2774962\charrsid4553540  }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Branston in Ea}{
\fs24\cf1\insrsid13643881\charrsid4553540 s}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 twell Hundred, Framland Wapentake}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid8019647\charrsid4553540 ,}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  hel}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid8019647\charrsid4553540 
d by Robert de Lisle}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 : }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid4936781 the}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid4936781\charrsid4553540  }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid4936781\charrsid4936781 Leicestershire Survey}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid4936781  (Slade}{
\fs24\cf1\insrsid4936781\charrsid4553540 ,}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid4936781  }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 pp}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid8019647\charrsid4553540 .}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  20, 51}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid4936781 )}{
\fs24\cf1\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 . 
\par }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid9573987\charrsid4553540 \tab }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 1 carucate in Barkestone in Barkestone Hundred}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid3032448\charrsid4553540 ,}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid16142252\charrsid4553540  }{
\fs24\cf1\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Framland Wapentake}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid3032448\charrsid4553540 ,}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  held by G. the chamberlain:}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid4936781  the}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid4936781\charrsid4553540  }{
\fs24\cf1\insrsid4936781\charrsid4936781 Leicestershire Survey}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid4936781  (Slade}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid4936781\charrsid4553540 ,}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  pp. 21, 54}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid4936781 )}{
\fs24\cf1\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 .
\par }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid9573987\charrsid4553540 \tab }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 2 carucates in Barlestone in Sparkenhoe Hundred, Guthlaxton Wapentake}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13643881\charrsid4553540 ,}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
 held by Norman de Verdu}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13643881\charrsid4553540 n}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 :}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid4936781  the}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid4936781\charrsid4553540  }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid4936781\charrsid4936781 Leicestershire Survey}{
\fs24\cf1\insrsid4936781  (Slade}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid4936781\charrsid4553540 ,}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  pp. 26, 59}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid4936781 )}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 .
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9598683 \f2\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs24\insrsid12583767\charrsid4553540 References to the }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12583767\charrsid4936781 Leicestershire Survey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12583767\charrsid4553540  are to the pages containing the text and translation, but also to the Analysis of Vills and Landholders}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14507753\charrsid4553540 
; the final figure of a multiple reference is to Slade's commentary.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14507753\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2585885\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 EDITORIAL
\par State of Revision 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8617567 \cbpat8 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
The Phillimore edition of Leicestershire appeared in 1979. It was edited by Philip Morgan from a draft translation prepared by Michael Griffin. }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid8617567\charrsid4553540 P}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid8927183\charrsid4553540 
hilip Morgan was grateful to Dr}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid8617567\charrsid4553540  Barrie Cox for his advice on the place-name identifications. }{\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 The maps were the 
work of Rosalind Brewer. Although the general editor of the series, John }{\fs24\insrsid2774962\charrsid4553540 Morris, had died in 1977}{\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 , he had overseen much of the preparation of the volume and it was edited ve}{
\fs24\insrsid2774962\charrsid4553540 r}{\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 y much as he }{\fs24\insrsid8927183\charrsid4553540 had }{\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 prescribed with a minimal annotation, much of it drawn from the text itself.

\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9598683 \f2\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 \tab 
The preparation of an electronic edition has allowed a fuller annotation to be provided. On the other hand, this is not a complete re-edition. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2774962\charrsid4553540 In particular there is little}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  reference in the notes to the later history of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2774962\charrsid4553540  the Domesday estates, except }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 where they appear in the }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4936781 Leicestershire }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid4936781 Survey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  or it is necessary to distinguish places of the same name in the same wapentake.
\par  However, the opportunity has been taken to make the following changes:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \s15\ql \fi-360\li720\ri0\widctlpar
\tx284\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9598683 {\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 An Introduction has been provided. Within it the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16142252\charrsid4553540  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 sections on History and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2774962\charrsid4553540 Wapentakes }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 take account of F.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4936781  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 R.}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4936781  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Thorn}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 s work for the Alecto edition (199}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8927183\charrsid4553540 0}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 )}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8927183\charrsid4553540 ; those on the Domesday Format derive from the work of Caroline Thorn on the manuscript of Great Domesday}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}References have been included to}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9059627  all known Anglo-Saxon c}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8927183\charrsid4553540 
harters}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}The information provided by the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid9059627 Leicestershire }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6712931\charrsid9059627 Survey}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8927183\charrsid4553540  has been included in the notes}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4936781  and there is a discussion of this text in the Introduction}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid9059627 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid9059627\charrsid9059627 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \fi-360\li720\ri6\nowidctlpar
\tx284\jclisttab\tx720\tx8460\tx8640\faauto\ls1\rin6\lin720\itap0\pararsid9059627 \cbpat8 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\fs24\cf1\insrsid9059627\charrsid9059627 
Certain changes have been necessary in the conversion of the notes to a searchable electronic version, such as to the lead words for the notes, to cross-references and to punctuation. 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid9059627\charrsid9059627 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-360\li720\ri-325\nowidctlpar
\tx284\jclisttab\tx720\tx8280\tx8460\faauto\ls1\rin-325\lin720\itap0\pararsid9059627 \cbpat8 {\fs24\insrsid9059627\charrsid9059627 The bibliographical and other conventions have been changed to align 
them with the other counties that have been revised for the current project.}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid9059627\charrsid9059627 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard\plain \s15\ql \fi-360\li720\ri0\widctlpar
\tx284\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9598683 \f2\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 All Domesday estates have been systematically designat}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8927183\charrsid4553540 ed either as Ancient Parishes, townships}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12722927\charrsid4553540 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8927183\charrsid4553540  c}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 hapelries or hamlets
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \f3\expnd0\expndtw3\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw3\cf1\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 The translation has been rev}{
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw3\cf1\insrsid12202996\charrsid4553540 ised}{\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw3\cf1\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  and brought into line with counties published later in the Phillimore series. It has been compared with t}{
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw3\cf1\insrsid2774962\charrsid4553540 h}{\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw3\cf1\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 e translation published subsequently by Alecto (on which the present editors also worked) and any importa
nt changes or differences have been commented upon. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \f3\expnd0\expndtw3\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw3\cf1\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 The place-names have been re-scrutinized}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \f3\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11040750\charrsid11040750 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid11040750\charrsid11040750 A number of the forms of personal names have been changed as part of a}{
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid11040750 n ongoing}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid11040750\charrsid11040750  process to bring more consistency to the entire name stock of Domesday Book.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid11040750 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\cf1\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid11040750\charrsid11040750 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \fi-360\li720\ri6\nowidctlpar
\tx284\jclisttab\tx720\tx8460\tx8640\faauto\ls1\rin6\lin720\itap0\pararsid11040750 \cbpat8 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\fs24\cf1\insrsid11040750\charrsid11040750 
Some of the people have been further identified. When the identification comes from the person's occurrence in other documents or in other Domesday counties, this is shown in the translation between asterisks within square brackets. Where there is no docu
mentary evidence for the identity of an individual, but it seems likely that a number of persons with the same first name are one and the same, this has been indicated in the translation by putting the name of one of the estates held by that person betwee
n < }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid10570071  >.}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid11040750   }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid11040750\charrsid10570071 In this county some of the notes to justify both these forms of identification were written by J}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid10570071 ohn Palmer}{
\fs24\cf1\insrsid11040750\charrsid10570071  }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid10570071 and these have}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid11040750\charrsid10570071  been attributed}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid11040750\charrsid11040750  to him}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid10570071 
 by (JP) put at the end of his paragraph}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid11040750\charrsid11040750 .
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \f3\expnd0\expndtw3\cf1\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8927183\charrsid4553540 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard\plain \s15\ql \fi-360\li720\ri0\widctlpar
\tx284\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9598683 \f2\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw3\cf1\insrsid8927183\charrsid4553540 More i}{
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw3\cf1\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 nternal cro}{\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw3\cf1\insrsid12722927\charrsid4553540 ss-}{\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw3\cf1\insrsid8927183\charrsid4553540 
references have been noted and they have been treated more fully}{\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw3\cf1\insrsid10570071 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}Both in the Introduction (The Domesday Format) and in the Notes, additional information has been included concerning }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12722927\charrsid4553540 the circuit and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8927183\charrsid4553540 its position in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 the order of writing}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8927183\charrsid4553540  up }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13783451\charrsid4553540 of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8927183\charrsid4553540 Great Domesday}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12722927\charrsid4553540 , }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 the ruling pattern}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12722927\charrsid4553540 s}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  used in Leicestershire, the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8927183\charrsid4553540 features shared by the counties of the circuit}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13783451\charrsid4553540  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 and the co
}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13783451\charrsid4553540 rrections and additions made by the main scribe of Great Domesday}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2774962\charrsid4553540 by}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13783451\charrsid4553540  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 scribe B}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13783451\charrsid4553540  and another scribe}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 . This information comes largely fr
om the researches of Caroline Thorn and Michael Gullick which will be published as Thorn, Thorn and Gullick, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 The Scribal History of Great Domesday Book}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
. As the work of scribe B was not identified and other advances in the understanding of the writing of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13783451\charrsid4553540 Great Domesday}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
 were not made until after the Phillimore printed edition went to press, the notes therein contain some information that has been superseded by further research.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid11040750 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11040750\charrsid11040750 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11040750\charrsid11040750 Obvious typographical errors }{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid11040750\charrsid11040750 
in the Phillimore printed notes}{\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid11040750  have been corrected.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11040750\charrsid11040750 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11040750 {\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid11040750 
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9598683 {\f0\fs24\insrsid13783451\charrsid4553540 Much}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  of Philip Morgan}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15105663\charrsid4553540 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 s original commenta}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13783451\charrsid4553540 ry has been retained and this has attributed to him}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12722927\charrsid4553540 :}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13783451\charrsid4553540  (PM). Small adjustments have needed to be made to PM's notes to bring them into line with the conventions adopted in the present e
dition. Occasional additions made within his original notes are enclosed in square brackets. However, a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  sentence within a paragraph following }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12202996\charrsid4553540 material}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  attributed to PM and any pa}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13783451\charrsid4553540 ragraph not attributed to him are}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540  by the present editors.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13783451\charrsid4553540 
 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13783451 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11040750 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid11040750\charrsid11040750 Acknowledgements
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11040750 \cbpat8 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\fs24\expnd0\expndtw3\cf1\insrsid11040750\charrsid11040750 
Access to the manuscript of Great Domesday on an unprecedented scale over a period of more than thirty years has always been freely granted by the staff of the Public Record Office; thanks are particularly due to Elizabeth Hallam Smith, Helen Forde, Mario
 Aleppo and John Abbott. Jim Foy's acuity and knowledge are always available to us.}{\fs24\expnd0\expndtw3\cf1\insrsid11040750 
\par }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid11040750\charrsid11040750 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9598683 \f2\fs20\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid11040750\charrsid11040750 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 Caroline Thorn
\par Frank Thorn
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13783451\charrsid4553540 March 2005}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4936781 June 2007}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx284\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9598683 \fs20\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\fs24\insrsid13204308\charrsid4553540 
\par }}