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{\f48\froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Webdings;}{\f49\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2 Estrangelo Edessa;}{\f50\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2 MV Boli;}{\f51\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Microsoft Sans Serif;}
{\f52\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Alba;}{\f53\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Alba Matter;}{\f54\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Alba Super;}
{\f55\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Baby Kruffy;}{\f56\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Chick;}{\f57\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Croobie;}
{\f58\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Fat;}{\f59\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Freshbot;}{\f60\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Frosty;}
{\f61\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}GlooGun;}{\f62\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Jenkins v2.0;}{\f63\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Jokewood;}
{\f64\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Poornut;}{\f65\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Porky's;}{\f66\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Pussycat;}
{\f67\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Weltron Urban;}{\f68\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Mistral;}{\f69\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Lucida Sans Unicode;}
{\f70\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Blackadder ITC;}{\f71\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Bradley Hand ITC;}{\f72\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Copperplate Gothic Bold;}
{\f73\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Copperplate Gothic Light;}{\f74\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Curlz MT;}{\f75\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Edwardian Script ITC;}
{\f76\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Engravers MT;}{\f77\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eras Demi ITC;}{\f78\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eras Light ITC;}
{\f79\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostile;}{\f80\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Felix Titling;}{\f81\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Franklin Gothic Book;}
{\f82\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Franklin Gothic Demi;}{\f83\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Franklin Gothic Medium Cond;}{\f84\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}French Script MT;}
{\f85\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Century Gothic;}{\f86\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Kristen ITC;}{\f87\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Lucida Sans;}
{\f88\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Maiandra GD;}{\f89\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Matisse ITC;}{\f90\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Papyrus;}
{\f91\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Perpetua;}{\f92\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Rockwell Extra Bold;}{\f93\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Tempus Sans ITC;}
{\f94\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Vivaldi;}{\f95\froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Wingdings 2;}{\f96\froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Wingdings 3;}
{\f97\fswiss\fcharset128\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@Arial Unicode MS;}{\f98\froman\fcharset129\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@Batang;}{\f99\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Book Antiqua;}
{\f100\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Bookman Old Style;}{\f101\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Garamond;}{\f102\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Haettenschweiler;}
{\f103\fmodern\fcharset128\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS Mincho;}{\f104\fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Outlook;}{\f105\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Monotype Corsiva;}
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{\f109\fswiss\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Arial Special G2;}{\f110\fswiss\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Arial Special G1;}{\f111\fswiss\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Arial Narrow Special G1;}
{\f112\fswiss\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Arial Narrow Special G2;}{\f113\froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Times New Roman Special G1;}{\f114\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Kartika;}
{\f115\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Albertus Medium;}{\f116\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Albertus;}{\f117\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Albertus Extra Bold;}
{\f118\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}ITC Avant Garde Gothic;}{\f119\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}ITC Avant Garde Gothic Demi;}{\f120\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}ITC Bookman Light;}
{\f121\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}ITC Bookman Demi;}{\f122\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}CG Omega;}{\f123\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}CG Times;}
{\f124\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}ITC Zapf Chancery;}{\f125\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Clarendon;}{\f126\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Clarendon Condensed;}
{\f127\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Clarendon Extended;}{\f128\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Coronet;}{\f129\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}CourierPS;}
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{\f139\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Univers;}{\f140\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Univers Condensed;}{\f141\froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MT Extra;}
{\f142\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}???????????????????????????????;}{\f143\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Times New (W1){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
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{\f244\froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05050102010706020507}Bookshelf Symbol 3;}{\f245\fswiss\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 050b0604020202020204}Bookshelf Symbol 4;}{\f246\fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05010101010101010101}Bookshelf Symbol 5;}
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{\f249\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Franklin Gothic Demi Cond Greek;}{\f250\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Franklin Gothic Demi Cond Tur;}
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{\f253\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Franklin Gothic Heavy Cyr;}{\f254\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Franklin Gothic Heavy Greek;}
{\f255\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Franklin Gothic Heavy Tur;}{\f256\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Franklin Gothic Heavy Baltic;}
{\f257\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Sans Serif (Vietna;}{\f258\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}BR-01T;}{\f259\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}BR-05B;}
{\f260\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Brougham;}{\f261\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}BR-11U;}{\f262\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Albertville;}
{\f263\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Albertville Extrabold;}{\f264\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antique Oakland;}{\f265\froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}BR Symbol;}
{\f266\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}PC Brussels Demi;}{\f267\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}PC Brussels Light;}{\f268\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Cleveland Condensed;}
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{\f272\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Maryland;}{\f273\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Oklahoma;}{\f274\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}PC Tennessee Roman;}
{\f275\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Tennessee Roman;}{\f276\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Utah;}{\f277\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Utah Condensed;}
{\f278\fdecor\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}W Dingbats;}{\f279\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Courier (W1);}{\f280\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02000702030000020004}Twentieth Century Poster1;}
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{\f284\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 01010101010101010101}KidTYPEPaint;}{\f285\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03010101010101010101}Mistral AV;}{\f286\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0904020202020204}Plump MT;}
{\f287\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02000509000000000005}Space Toaster;}{\f288\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02000800000000000004}Team MT;}{\f289\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0504020203020204}News Gothic MT;}
{\f290\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04040506030f02020702}Westminster;}{\f291\fmodern\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0809000000000003}Arial Alternative;}{\f292\fmodern\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0809000000000003}Arial Alternative Symbol;}
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{\f299\fnil\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Uncial ATT Tur;}{\f300\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Arial (W1){\*\falt Arial};}{\f301\fnil\fcharset255\fprq3{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Roman;}
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{\f305\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Arial (W1) Tur;}{\f306\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Arial (W1) (Hebrew);}{\f307\fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Arial (W1) (Arabic);}
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{\f324\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0508030702060204}Compacta Lt BT;}{\f325\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 0208060305030b020404}Cooper Md BT;}{\f326\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020e0605020203020404}CopprplGoth BT;}
{\f327\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 0204050203030b020204}Dauphin;}{\f328\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03060902030202020203}DomBold BT;}{\f329\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03060902030302020204}DomCasual BT;}
{\f330\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 030306020406070f0b05}English111 Presto BT;}{\f331\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03030702030607090b03}English111 Vivace BT;}{\f332\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04040805071002020d02}FlamencoD;}
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{\f336\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03050502040202020203}Kids;}{\f337\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020602070506020304}NewBskvll BT;}{\f338\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03030602040405080b03}Nuptial BT;}
{\f339\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Scruff LET;}{\f340\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03050502040202020b03}Technical;}{\f341\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0702020204020204}VAGRounded BT;}
{\f342\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03010101010101010101}VivaldiD;}{\f343\fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05000000000000000000}Animals 1;}{\f344\fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05000000000000000000}Animals 2;}
{\f345\fswiss\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0603050302020204}Arrows2;}{\f346\fswiss\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0603050302020204}Balloons;}{\f347\fswiss\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0603050302020204}Buildings;}
{\f348\fswiss\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0603050302020204}CommonBullets;}{\f349\fswiss\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0603050302020204}Computers;}{\f350\fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 00000400000000000000}DF Calligraphic Ornaments LET;}
{\f351\fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 00000400000000000000}DF Diversions LET;}{\f352\fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 00000400000000000000}DF Diversities LET;}{\f353\fswiss\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0603050302020204}Festive;}
{\f354\fswiss\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0603050302020204}Food;}{\f355\fswiss\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0603050302020204}Household;}{\f356\fswiss\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0603050302020204}Hygiene;}
{\f357\fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05000000000000000000}Kidnap;}{\f358\fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05000000000000000000}Music;}{\f359\fswiss\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0603050302020204}Plants;}
{\f360\fswiss\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0603050302020204}SportsFigures;}{\f361\fswiss\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0603050302020204}Transportation;}{\f362\fswiss\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0603050302020204}Weather;}
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{\f366\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 01010101010101010101}Adolescence;}{\f367\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0803020204040204}AntigoniBd;}{\f368\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0406020204020204}Antigoni Light;}
{\f369\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0703020204030204}Antigoni Med;}{\f370\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0603020204030204}Antigoni;}{\f371\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020e0806020206070204}MGI Archon;}
{\f372\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020d0802060808030204}AucoinExtBol;}{\f373\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020d0602050304030204}AucoinLight;}{\f374\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0804040403020303}Banjoman Open Bold;}
{\f375\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020e0803080505070304}Bedini;}{\f376\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02000503000000000004}Bermuda Solid;}{\f377\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0900020202060204}Eurostar Black Extended;}
{\f378\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0504020202050204}Eurostar;}{\f379\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0507020202060204}Eurostar Regular Extended;}{\f380\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02000507000000000004}Falstaff Festival MT;}
{\f381\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020e0602060706020304}Gourmand;}{\f382\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0704030103070804}Metro Nouveau;}{\f383\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02000504000000000003}Orbus Multiserif;}
{\f384\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02000306050000000002}Palace Script MT Semi Bold;}{\f385\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02090502050106070304}Palladius;}{\f386\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020e0702050806020304}Peinaud;}
{\f387\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020e0302020206020904}Schindler;}{\f388\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020e0402020206020904}Schindler Small Caps;}{\f389\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03010101010101010101}Wendy Medium;}
{\f390\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03020602050506090804}Vianta;}{\f391\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04040604020b02020304}LcdD;}{\f392\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020502060200020303}GiovanniITCTT;}
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{\f396\fdecor\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Creepy Tur;}{\f397\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}EraserDust CE;}{\f398\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}EraserDust Tur;}
{\f399\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Tw Cen MT Condensed CE;}{\f400\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Andale Mono CE;}{\f401\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Andale Mono Cyr;}
{\f402\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Andale Mono Greek;}{\f403\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Andale Mono Tur;}{\f404\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Andale Mono Baltic;}
{\f405\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}AvantGarde Bk BT CE;}{\f406\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}AvantGarde Bk BT Greek;}
{\f407\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}AvantGarde Bk BT Tur;}{\f408\fdecor\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}BernhardFashion BT CE;}
{\f409\fdecor\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}BernhardFashion BT Greek;}{\f410\fdecor\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}BernhardFashion BT Tur;}{\f411\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Boink LET Greek;}
{\f412\froman\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}BookmanITC Lt BT CE;}{\f413\froman\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}BookmanITC Lt BT Greek;}
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{\f417\fscript\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}BrushScript BT Tur;}{\f418\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Compacta Blk BT CE;}{\f419\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Compacta Blk BT Greek;}
{\f420\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Compacta Blk BT Tur;}{\f421\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Compacta Lt BT CE;}{\f422\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Compacta Lt BT Greek;}
{\f423\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Compacta Lt BT Tur;}{\f424\froman\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Cooper Md BT CE;}{\f425\froman\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Cooper Md BT Greek;}
{\f426\froman\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Cooper Md BT Tur;}{\f427\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}CopprplGoth BT CE;}{\f428\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}CopprplGoth BT Greek;}
{\f429\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}CopprplGoth BT Tur;}{\f430\fscript\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}DomBold BT CE;}{\f431\fscript\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}DomBold BT Greek;}
{\f432\fscript\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}DomBold BT Tur;}{\f433\fscript\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}DomCasual BT CE;}{\f434\fscript\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}DomCasual BT Greek;}
{\f435\fscript\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}DomCasual BT Tur;}{\f436\fscript\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}English111 Presto BT CE;}
{\f437\fscript\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}English111 Presto BT Greek;}{\f438\fscript\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}English111 Presto BT Tur;}
{\f439\fscript\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}English111 Vivace BT CE;}{\f440\fscript\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}English111 Vivace BT Greek;}
{\f441\fscript\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}English111 Vivace BT Tur;}{\f442\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Futura XBlkCn BT CE;}
{\f443\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Futura XBlkCn BT Greek;}{\f444\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Futura XBlkCn BT Tur;}{\f445\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Futura Md BT CE;}
{\f446\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Futura Md BT Greek;}{\f447\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Futura Md BT Tur;}{\f448\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Humanst521 Cn BT CE;}
{\f449\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Humanst521 Cn BT Greek;}{\f450\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Humanst521 Cn BT Tur;}{\f451\froman\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}NewBskvll BT CE;}
{\f452\froman\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}NewBskvll BT Greek;}{\f453\froman\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}NewBskvll BT Tur;}{\f454\fscript\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Nuptial BT CE;}
{\f455\fscript\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Nuptial BT Greek;}{\f456\fscript\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Nuptial BT Tur;}{\f457\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Scruff LET Greek;}
{\f458\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}VAGRounded BT CE;}{\f459\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}VAGRounded BT Greek;}{\f460\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}VAGRounded BT Tur;}
{\f461\fscript\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}VivaldiD CE;}{\f462\fscript\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}VivaldiD Tur;}{\f463\froman\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}CentSchbook BT CE;}
{\f464\froman\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}CentSchbook BT Greek;}{\f465\froman\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}CentSchbook BT Tur;}{\f466\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}AntigoniBd CE;}
{\f467\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}AntigoniBd Greek;}{\f468\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}AntigoniBd Tur;}{\f469\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}AntigoniBd Baltic;}
{\f470\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Light CE;}{\f471\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Light Greek;}{\f472\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Light Tur;}
{\f473\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Light Baltic;}{\f474\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Med CE;}{\f475\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Med Greek;}
{\f476\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Med Tur;}{\f477\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Med Baltic;}{\f478\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni CE;}
{\f479\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Greek;}{\f480\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Tur;}{\f481\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Baltic;}
{\f482\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MGI Archon CE;}{\f483\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MGI Archon Greek;}{\f484\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MGI Archon Tur;}
{\f485\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MGI Archon Baltic;}{\f486\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}AucoinExtBol CE;}{\f487\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}AucoinExtBol Greek;}
{\f488\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}AucoinExtBol Tur;}{\f489\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}AucoinExtBol Baltic;}{\f490\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}AucoinLight CE;}
{\f491\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}AucoinLight Greek;}{\f492\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}AucoinLight Tur;}{\f493\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}AucoinLight Baltic;}
{\f494\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Bedini CE;}{\f495\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Bedini Greek;}{\f496\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Bedini Tur;}
{\f497\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Bedini Baltic;}{\f498\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar Black Extended CE;}
{\f499\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar Black Extended Greek;}{\f500\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar Black Extended Tur;}
{\f501\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar Black Extended Baltic;}{\f502\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar CE;}{\f503\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar Greek;}
{\f504\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar Tur;}{\f505\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar Baltic;}{\f506\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar Regular Extended CE;}
{\f507\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar Regular Extended Greek;}{\f508\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar Regular Extended Tur;}
{\f509\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Gourmand CE;}{\f510\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Gourmand Greek;}{\f511\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Gourmand Tur;}
{\f512\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Gourmand Baltic;}{\f513\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Metro Nouveau CE;}{\f514\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Metro Nouveau Greek;}
{\f515\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Metro Nouveau Tur;}{\f516\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Metro Nouveau Baltic;}{\f517\froman\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Palladius CE;}
{\f518\froman\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Palladius Greek;}{\f519\froman\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Palladius Tur;}{\f520\froman\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Palladius Baltic;}
{\f521\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Peinaud CE;}{\f522\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Peinaud Greek;}{\f523\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Peinaud Tur;}
{\f524\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Peinaud Baltic;}{\f525\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Schindler CE;}{\f526\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Schindler Greek;}
{\f527\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Schindler Tur;}{\f528\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Schindler Baltic;}{\f529\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Schindler Small Caps CE;}
{\f530\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Schindler Small Caps Greek;}{\f531\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Schindler Small Caps Tur;}
{\f532\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Schindler Small Caps Baltic;}{\f533\fscript\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Vianta Greek;}{\f534\fdecor\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}LcdD CE;}
{\f535\fdecor\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}LcdD Tur;}{\f536\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}????????????????????????\'a8\'ac?????;}
{\f537\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}??????????????????????\'a8\'ac???????;}{\f538\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}?????????????????????????\'a1\'ec????;}
{\f539\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}??????????????????????????????\'a8;}{\f540\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 Times New Roman CYR;}{\f541\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 Times New Roman TUR;}{\f542\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 Arial CYR;}
{\f543\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 Arial TUR;}{\f544\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 Courier New CYR;}{\f545\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 Courier New TUR;}{\f546\fnil\fcharset178\fprq2{\*\panose 02010000000000000000}Traditional Arabic;}
{\f547\fnil\fcharset178\fprq2{\*\panose 02010000000000000000}Arabic Transparent;}{\f548\fnil\fcharset178\fprq2{\*\panose 02010000000000000000}Andalus;}{\f549\fnil\fcharset178\fprq2{\*\panose 02010000000000000000}Simplified Arabic;}
{\f550\fmodern\fcharset178\fprq1{\*\panose 02010009000000000000}Simplified Arabic Fixed;}{\f551\fmodern\fcharset134\fprq1{\*\panose 02010609030101010101}NSimSun;}{\f552\fmodern\fcharset134\fprq1{\*\panose 02010609030101010101}@NSimSun;}
{\f553\fnil\fcharset134\fprq2{\*\panose 02010600030101010101}@SimHei;}{\f554\froman\fcharset128\fprq2{\*\panose 02020600040205080304}MS PMincho;}{\f555\froman\fcharset128\fprq2{\*\panose 02020600040205080304}@MS PMincho;}
{\f556\fmodern\fcharset128\fprq1{\*\panose 020b0609070205080204}@MS Gothic;}{\f557\fswiss\fcharset128\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0600070205080204}MS PGothic;}{\f558\fswiss\fcharset128\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0600070205080204}@MS PGothic;}
{\f559\fswiss\fcharset128\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0600070205080204}MS UI Gothic;}{\f560\fswiss\fcharset128\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0600070205080204}@MS UI Gothic;}{\f561\froman\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}AngsanaUPC;}
{\f562\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}BrowalliaUPC;}{\f563\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}Browallia New;}{\f564\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0304020202020204}CordiaUPC;}
{\f565\froman\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}DilleniaUPC;}{\f566\froman\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}EucrosiaUPC;}{\f567\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}FreesiaUPC;}
{\f568\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}IrisUPC;}{\f569\froman\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}JasmineUPC;}{\f570\froman\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}KodchiangUPC;}
{\f571\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}LilyUPC;}{\f572\fswiss\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 050b0604020202020204}Typographic Ext;}{\f573\fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05000000000000000000}Iconic Symbols Ext;}
{\f574\fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05000000000000000000}Math Ext;}{\f575\froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05020603050405020304}Multinational Ext;}{\f576\froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05020603050405020304}Greek Symbols;}
{\f577\fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}SPSS Marker Set;}{\f578\froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05050102010607020607}MapInfo Cartographic;}{\f579\fmodern\fcharset136\fprq1{\*\panose 02020309000000000000}@MingLiU;}
{\f580\froman\fcharset136\fprq2{\*\panose 02020300000000000000}@PMingLiU;}{\f581\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}(Use Asian text font){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f582\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}PMingLiU Western{\*\falt !Ps2OcuAe};}{\f583\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Gothic Western{\*\falt ?l?r ?S?V?b?N};}
{\f584\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Gothic CE{\*\falt ?l?r ?S?V?b?N};}{\f585\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Gothic Cyr{\*\falt ?l?r ?S?V?b?N};}
{\f586\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Gothic Greek{\*\falt ?l?r ?S?V?b?N};}{\f587\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Gothic Tur{\*\falt ?l?r ?S?V?b?N};}
{\f588\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Gothic Baltic{\*\falt ?l?r ?S?V?b?N};}{\f589\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MingLiU Western{\*\falt 2OcuAe};}
{\f590\froman\fcharset163\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Times New Roman CYR (Vietnamese;}{\f591\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\f592\froman\fcharset163\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Times New Roman Greek (Vietname;}
{\f593\froman\fcharset163\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Times New Roman TUR (Vietnamese;}{\f594\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\f595\froman\fcharset163\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Times New Roman Baltic (Vietnam;}
{\f596\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}NSimSun Western;}{\f597\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@NSimSun Western;}{\f598\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PMincho Western;}
{\f599\froman\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PMincho CE;}{\f600\froman\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PMincho Cyr;}{\f601\froman\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PMincho Greek;}
{\f602\froman\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PMincho Tur;}{\f603\froman\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PMincho Baltic;}{\f604\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PMincho Western;}
{\f605\froman\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PMincho CE;}{\f606\froman\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PMincho Cyr;}{\f607\froman\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PMincho Greek;}
{\f608\froman\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PMincho Tur;}{\f609\froman\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PMincho Baltic;}{\f610\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS Gothic Western;}
{\f611\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS Gothic CE;}{\f612\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS Gothic Cyr;}{\f613\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS Gothic Greek;}
{\f614\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS Gothic Tur;}{\f615\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS Gothic Baltic;}{\f616\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PGothic Western;}
{\f617\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PGothic CE;}{\f618\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PGothic Cyr;}{\f619\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PGothic Greek;}
{\f620\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PGothic Tur;}{\f621\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PGothic Baltic;}{\f622\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PGothic Western;}
{\f623\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PGothic CE;}{\f624\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PGothic Cyr;}{\f625\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PGothic Greek;}
{\f626\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PGothic Tur;}{\f627\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PGothic Baltic;}{\f628\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS UI Gothic Western;}
{\f629\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS UI Gothic CE;}{\f630\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS UI Gothic Cyr;}{\f631\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS UI Gothic Greek;}
{\f632\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS UI Gothic Tur;}{\f633\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS UI Gothic Baltic;}{\f634\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS UI Gothic Western;}
{\f635\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS UI Gothic CE;}{\f636\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS UI Gothic Cyr;}{\f637\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS UI Gothic Greek;}
{\f638\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS UI Gothic Tur;}{\f639\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS UI Gothic Baltic;}{\f640\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Browallia New (Thai);}
{\f641\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MingLiU Western;}{\f642\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@PMingLiU Western;}
{\f643\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}????????????????????\'a1\'a7?????????;}{\f644\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Sans Serif{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f645\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0502040204020203}Segoe Media Center;}{\f646\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0702040200020203}Segoe Media Center Semibold;}{\f647\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0804030504040204}Tahoma Small Cap;}
{\f648\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Elite{\*\falt Arial};}{\f649\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}GothicPS{\*\falt Arial};}
{\f650\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}????????????\'a1\'a7???????;}{\f651\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}??????????????????\'a8\'ac?????????;}
{\f652\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}????????????????????????\'a1\'a7?????;}{\f653\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}??????????????????????\'a1\'a7???????;}
{\f654\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}CG Times (W1){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f655\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}CG Times 12pt;}
{\f656\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}????????????????????\'a8\'ac?????????;}{\f657\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}?????\'a1\'ec???;}
{\f658\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}????\'a1\'a7???;}{\f659\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Prestige;}{\f660\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}?????????????????\'a1\'ec?????????;}
{\f661\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}??????????????????\'a1\'a7??????????;}{\f662\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}o{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f663\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}ome{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f664\fnil\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Times Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f665\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Plain text{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f666\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}boscombe{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f667\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}??????????????????????????\'a8\'ac???;}{\f668\froman\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Rockwell CE;}
{\f669\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Sans Serif CE;}{\f670\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Sans Serif Cyr;}
{\f671\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Sans Serif Greek;}{\f672\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Sans Serif Tur;}
{\f673\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Sans Serif Baltic;}{\f674\froman\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Serif CE;}
{\f675\froman\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Serif Cyr;}{\f676\froman\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Serif Greek;}
{\f677\froman\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Serif Tur;}{\f678\froman\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Serif Baltic;}
{\f679\froman\fcharset163\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Serif (Vietnamese);}{\f680\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Verdana Ref CE;}{\f681\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Verdana Ref Cyr;}
{\f682\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Verdana Ref Greek;}{\f683\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Verdana Ref Tur;}{\f684\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Verdana Ref Baltic;}
{\f685\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Verdana Ref (Vietnamese);}{\f686\froman\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Georgia Ref CE;}{\f687\froman\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Georgia Ref Cyr;}
{\f688\froman\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Georgia Ref Greek;}{\f689\froman\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Georgia Ref Tur;}{\f690\froman\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Georgia Ref Baltic;}
{\f691\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Gill Sans MT CE;}{\f692\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Gill Sans MT Condensed CE;}
{\f693\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Gill Sans Ultra Bold CE;}{\f694\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000400000000000000}Sydnie;}{\f695\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Sydnie Greek;}
{\f696\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 Arial Baltic;}{\f697\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 Courier New Baltic;}{\f698\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\f699\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 Arial CE;}{\f700\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 Arial Greek;}
{\f701\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 Courier New CE;}{\f702\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 Courier New Greek;}{\f703\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f704\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f706\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f707\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f708\froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f709\froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f710\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f711\froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f713\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial CE;}{\f714\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial Cyr;}{\f716\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial Greek;}{\f717\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial Tur;}{\f718\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Arial (Hebrew);}
{\f719\fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Arial (Arabic);}{\f720\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial Baltic;}{\f721\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Arial (Vietnamese);}{\f723\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 Courier New CE;}{\f724\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 Courier New Cyr;}
{\f726\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 Courier New Greek;}{\f727\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 Courier New Tur;}{\f728\fmodern\fcharset177\fprq1 Courier New (Hebrew);}{\f729\fmodern\fcharset178\fprq1 Courier New (Arabic);}
{\f730\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 Courier New Baltic;}{\f731\fmodern\fcharset163\fprq1 Courier New (Vietnamese);}{\f743\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Helvetica CE;}{\f744\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Helvetica Cyr;}{\f746\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Helvetica Greek;}
{\f747\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Helvetica Tur;}{\f748\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Helvetica (Hebrew);}{\f749\fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Helvetica (Arabic);}{\f750\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Helvetica Baltic;}
{\f751\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Helvetica (Vietnamese);}{\f815\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 MS Mincho Western{\*\falt ?l?r ??\'81\'66c};}{\f813\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 MS Mincho CE{\*\falt ?l?r ??\'81\'66c};}
{\f814\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 MS Mincho Cyr{\*\falt ?l?r ??\'81\'66c};}{\f816\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 MS Mincho Greek{\*\falt ?l?r ??\'81\'66c};}{\f817\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 MS Mincho Tur{\*\falt ?l?r ??\'81\'66c};}
{\f820\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 MS Mincho Baltic{\*\falt ?l?r ??\'81\'66c};}{\f825\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 Batang Western{\*\falt \'a1\'cb\'a2\'e7E\'a2\'aeEcE\'a2\'aeE\'a1\'cbcEcE\'a2\'aeE\'a1\'cbcE\'a1\'cb\'a2\'e7EcEcE\'a2\'aeE\'a1\'cbcE};}
{\f823\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Batang CE{\*\falt \'a1\'cb\'a2\'e7E\'a2\'aeEcE\'a2\'aeE\'a1\'cbcEcE\'a2\'aeE\'a1\'cbcE\'a1\'cb\'a2\'e7EcEcE\'a2\'aeE\'a1\'cbcE};}
{\f824\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Batang Cyr{\*\falt \'a1\'cb\'a2\'e7E\'a2\'aeEcE\'a2\'aeE\'a1\'cbcEcE\'a2\'aeE\'a1\'cbcE\'a1\'cb\'a2\'e7EcEcE\'a2\'aeE\'a1\'cbcE};}
{\f826\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Batang Greek{\*\falt \'a1\'cb\'a2\'e7E\'a2\'aeEcE\'a2\'aeE\'a1\'cbcEcE\'a2\'aeE\'a1\'cbcE\'a1\'cb\'a2\'e7EcEcE\'a2\'aeE\'a1\'cbcE};}
{\f827\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Batang Tur{\*\falt \'a1\'cb\'a2\'e7E\'a2\'aeEcE\'a2\'aeE\'a1\'cbcEcE\'a2\'aeE\'a1\'cbcE\'a1\'cb\'a2\'e7EcEcE\'a2\'aeE\'a1\'cbcE};}
{\f830\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Batang Baltic{\*\falt \'a1\'cb\'a2\'e7E\'a2\'aeEcE\'a2\'aeE\'a1\'cbcEcE\'a2\'aeE\'a1\'cbcE\'a1\'cb\'a2\'e7EcEcE\'a2\'aeE\'a1\'cbcE};}{\f835\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2 SimSun Western{\*\falt ??????????????\'a8\'ac???????};}
{\f913\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Century CE;}{\f914\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Century Cyr;}{\f916\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Century Greek;}{\f917\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Century Tur;}{\f920\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Century Baltic;}
{\f925\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 Angsana New;}{\f935\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 Cordia New;}{\f963\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Sylfaen CE;}{\f964\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Sylfaen Cyr;}{\f966\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Sylfaen Greek;}
{\f967\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Sylfaen Tur;}{\f970\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Sylfaen Baltic;}{\f1045\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS Western;}{\f1043\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS CE;}
{\f1044\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS Cyr;}{\f1046\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS Greek;}{\f1047\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS Tur;}{\f1048\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS (Hebrew);}
{\f1049\fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS (Arabic);}{\f1050\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS Baltic;}{\f1051\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS (Vietnamese);}{\f1052\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS (Thai);}
{\f1053\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Tahoma CE;}{\f1054\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Tahoma Cyr;}{\f1056\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Tahoma Greek;}{\f1057\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Tahoma Tur;}{\f1058\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Tahoma (Hebrew);}
{\f1059\fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Tahoma (Arabic);}{\f1060\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Tahoma Baltic;}{\f1061\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Tahoma (Vietnamese);}{\f1062\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 Tahoma (Thai);}
{\f1073\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f1074\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f1076\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f1077\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f1078\froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f1079\froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f1080\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f1081\froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f1093\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 Lucida Console CE;}
{\f1094\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 Lucida Console Cyr;}{\f1096\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 Lucida Console Greek;}{\f1097\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 Lucida Console Tur;}{\f1103\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Verdana CE;}{\f1104\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Verdana Cyr;}
{\f1106\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Verdana Greek;}{\f1107\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Verdana Tur;}{\f1110\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Verdana Baltic;}{\f1111\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Verdana (Vietnamese);}{\f1113\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial Black CE;}
{\f1114\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial Black Cyr;}{\f1116\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial Black Greek;}{\f1117\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial Black Tur;}{\f1120\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial Black Baltic;}
{\f1123\fscript\fcharset238\fprq2 Comic Sans MS CE;}{\f1124\fscript\fcharset204\fprq2 Comic Sans MS Cyr;}{\f1126\fscript\fcharset161\fprq2 Comic Sans MS Greek;}{\f1127\fscript\fcharset162\fprq2 Comic Sans MS Tur;}
{\f1130\fscript\fcharset186\fprq2 Comic Sans MS Baltic;}{\f1133\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Impact CE;}{\f1134\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Impact Cyr;}{\f1136\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Impact Greek;}{\f1137\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Impact Tur;}
{\f1140\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Impact Baltic;}{\f1143\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Georgia CE;}{\f1144\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Georgia Cyr;}{\f1146\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Georgia Greek;}{\f1147\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Georgia Tur;}
{\f1150\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Georgia Baltic;}{\f1153\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium CE;}{\f1154\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium Cyr;}{\f1156\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium Greek;}
{\f1157\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium Tur;}{\f1160\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium Baltic;}{\f1163\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Palatino Linotype CE;}{\f1164\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Palatino Linotype Cyr;}
{\f1166\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Palatino Linotype Greek;}{\f1167\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Palatino Linotype Tur;}{\f1170\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Palatino Linotype Baltic;}{\f1171\froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Palatino Linotype (Vietnamese);}
{\f1173\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Trebuchet MS CE;}{\f1174\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Trebuchet MS Cyr;}{\f1176\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Trebuchet MS Greek;}{\f1177\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Trebuchet MS Tur;}
{\f1180\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Trebuchet MS Baltic;}{\f1213\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Microsoft Sans Serif CE;}{\f1214\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Microsoft Sans Serif Cyr;}{\f1216\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Microsoft Sans Serif Greek;}
{\f1217\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Microsoft Sans Serif Tur;}{\f1218\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Microsoft Sans Serif (Hebrew);}{\f1219\fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Microsoft Sans Serif (Arabic);}{\f1220\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Microsoft Sans Serif Baltic;}
{\f1221\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Microsoft Sans Serif (Vietnamese);}{\f1222\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 Microsoft Sans Serif (Thai);}{\f1226\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Alba Greek;}{\f1236\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Alba Matter Greek;}
{\f1246\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Alba Super Greek;}{\f1256\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Baby Kruffy Greek;}{\f1266\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Chick Greek;}{\f1276\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Croobie Greek;}{\f1296\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Freshbot Greek;}
{\f1306\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Frosty Greek;}{\f1316\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 GlooGun Greek;}{\f1326\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Jenkins v2.0 Greek;}{\f1366\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Pussycat Greek;}{\f1376\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Weltron Urban Greek;}
{\f1383\fscript\fcharset238\fprq2 Mistral CE;}{\f1384\fscript\fcharset204\fprq2 Mistral Cyr;}{\f1386\fscript\fcharset161\fprq2 Mistral Greek;}{\f1387\fscript\fcharset162\fprq2 Mistral Tur;}{\f1390\fscript\fcharset186\fprq2 Mistral Baltic;}
{\f1393\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Lucida Sans Unicode CE;}{\f1394\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Lucida Sans Unicode Cyr;}{\f1396\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Lucida Sans Unicode Greek;}{\f1397\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Lucida Sans Unicode Tur;}
{\f1398\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Lucida Sans Unicode (Hebrew);}{\f1513\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Book CE;}{\f1514\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Book Cyr;}{\f1516\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Book Greek;}
{\f1517\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Book Tur;}{\f1520\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Book Baltic;}{\f1523\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Demi CE;}{\f1524\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Demi Cyr;}
{\f1526\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Demi Greek;}{\f1527\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Demi Tur;}{\f1530\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Demi Baltic;}{\f1533\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium Cond CE;}
{\f1534\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium Cond Cyr;}{\f1536\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium Cond Greek;}{\f1537\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium Cond Tur;}
{\f1540\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium Cond Baltic;}{\f1553\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Century Gothic CE;}{\f1554\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Century Gothic Cyr;}{\f1556\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Century Gothic Greek;}
{\f1557\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Century Gothic Tur;}{\f1560\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Century Gothic Baltic;}{\f1675\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS Western;}{\f1673\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS CE;}
{\f1674\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS Cyr;}{\f1676\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS Greek;}{\f1677\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS Tur;}{\f1678\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS (Hebrew);}
{\f1679\fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS (Arabic);}{\f1680\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS Baltic;}{\f1681\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS (Vietnamese);}{\f1682\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS (Thai);}
{\f1685\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 @Batang Western;}{\f1683\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 @Batang CE;}{\f1684\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 @Batang Cyr;}{\f1686\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 @Batang Greek;}{\f1687\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 @Batang Tur;}
{\f1690\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 @Batang Baltic;}{\f1693\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Book Antiqua CE;}{\f1694\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Book Antiqua Cyr;}{\f1696\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Book Antiqua Greek;}{\f1697\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Book Antiqua Tur;}
{\f1700\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Book Antiqua Baltic;}{\f1703\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Bookman Old Style CE;}{\f1704\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Bookman Old Style Cyr;}{\f1706\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Bookman Old Style Greek;}
{\f1707\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Bookman Old Style Tur;}{\f1710\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Bookman Old Style Baltic;}{\f1713\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Garamond CE;}{\f1714\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Garamond Cyr;}
{\f1716\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Garamond Greek;}{\f1717\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Garamond Tur;}{\f1720\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Garamond Baltic;}{\f1723\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Haettenschweiler CE;}{\f1724\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Haettenschweiler Cyr;}
{\f1726\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Haettenschweiler Greek;}{\f1727\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Haettenschweiler Tur;}{\f1730\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Haettenschweiler Baltic;}{\f1735\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 @MS Mincho Western;}
{\f1733\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 @MS Mincho CE;}{\f1734\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 @MS Mincho Cyr;}{\f1736\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 @MS Mincho Greek;}{\f1737\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 @MS Mincho Tur;}{\f1740\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 @MS Mincho Baltic;}
{\f1753\fscript\fcharset238\fprq2 Monotype Corsiva CE;}{\f1754\fscript\fcharset204\fprq2 Monotype Corsiva Cyr;}{\f1756\fscript\fcharset161\fprq2 Monotype Corsiva Greek;}{\f1757\fscript\fcharset162\fprq2 Monotype Corsiva Tur;}
{\f1760\fscript\fcharset186\fprq2 Monotype Corsiva Baltic;}{\f1765\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2 @SimSun Western;}{\f1783\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial Narrow CE;}{\f1784\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial Narrow Cyr;}
{\f1786\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial Narrow Greek;}{\f1787\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial Narrow Tur;}{\f1790\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial Narrow Baltic;}{\f1853\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Albertus Medium CE;}
{\f1857\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Albertus Medium Tur;}{\f1860\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Albertus Medium Baltic;}{\f1863\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Albertus CE;}{\f1867\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Albertus Tur;}{\f1870\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Albertus Baltic;}
{\f1873\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Albertus Extra Bold CE;}{\f1877\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Albertus Extra Bold Tur;}{\f1880\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Albertus Extra Bold Baltic;}{\f1883\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 ITC Avant Garde Gothic CE;}
{\f1887\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 ITC Avant Garde Gothic Tur;}{\f1890\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 ITC Avant Garde Gothic Baltic;}{\f1893\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 ITC Avant Garde Gothic Demi CE;}
{\f1897\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 ITC Avant Garde Gothic Demi Tur;}{\f1900\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 ITC Avant Garde Gothic Demi Baltic;}{\f1903\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 ITC Bookman Light CE;}{\f1907\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 ITC Bookman Light Tur;}
{\f1910\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 ITC Bookman Light Baltic;}{\f1913\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 ITC Bookman Demi CE;}{\f1917\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 ITC Bookman Demi Tur;}{\f1920\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 ITC Bookman Demi Baltic;}
{\f1923\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 CG Omega CE;}{\f1927\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 CG Omega Tur;}{\f1930\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 CG Omega Baltic;}{\f1933\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 CG Times CE;}{\f1937\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 CG Times Tur;}
{\f1940\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 CG Times Baltic;}{\f1943\fscript\fcharset238\fprq2 ITC Zapf Chancery CE;}{\f1947\fscript\fcharset162\fprq2 ITC Zapf Chancery Tur;}{\f1950\fscript\fcharset186\fprq2 ITC Zapf Chancery Baltic;}
{\f1953\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Clarendon CE;}{\f1957\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Clarendon Tur;}{\f1960\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Clarendon Baltic;}{\f1963\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Clarendon Condensed CE;}
{\f1967\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Clarendon Condensed Tur;}{\f1970\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Clarendon Condensed Baltic;}{\f1973\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Clarendon Extended CE;}{\f1977\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Clarendon Extended Tur;}
{\f1980\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Clarendon Extended Baltic;}{\f1983\fscript\fcharset238\fprq2 Coronet CE;}{\f1987\fscript\fcharset162\fprq2 Coronet Tur;}{\f1990\fscript\fcharset186\fprq2 Coronet Baltic;}{\f1993\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 CourierPS CE;}
{\f1997\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 CourierPS Tur;}{\f2000\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 CourierPS Baltic;}{\f2013\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Helvetica Narrow CE;}{\f2017\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Helvetica Narrow Tur;}
{\f2020\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Helvetica Narrow Baltic;}{\f2023\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 Letter Gothic CE;}{\f2027\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 Letter Gothic Tur;}{\f2030\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 Letter Gothic Baltic;}
{\f2033\fscript\fcharset238\fprq2 Marigold CE;}{\f2037\fscript\fcharset162\fprq2 Marigold Tur;}{\f2040\fscript\fcharset186\fprq2 Marigold Baltic;}{\f2043\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 New Century Schoolbook CE;}
{\f2047\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 New Century Schoolbook Tur;}{\f2050\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 New Century Schoolbook Baltic;}{\f2053\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Antique Olive CE;}{\f2057\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Antique Olive Tur;}
{\f2060\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Antique Olive Baltic;}{\f2063\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Antique Olive Compact CE;}{\f2067\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Antique Olive Compact Tur;}{\f2070\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Antique Olive Compact Baltic;}
{\f2073\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Palatino CE{\*\falt Book Antiqua};}{\f2077\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Palatino Tur{\*\falt Book Antiqua};}{\f2080\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Palatino Baltic{\*\falt Book Antiqua};}{\f2093\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Univers CE;}
{\f2097\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Univers Tur;}{\f2100\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Univers Baltic;}{\f2103\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Univers Condensed CE;}{\f2107\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Univers Condensed Tur;}
{\f2110\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Univers Condensed Baltic;}{\f6103\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CYR CE;}{\f6104\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman CYR Cyr;}{\f6106\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman CYR Greek;}
{\f6107\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman CYR Tur;}{\f6108\froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman CYR (Hebrew);}{\f6109\froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman CYR (Arabic);}{\f6110\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman CYR Baltic;}
{\f6111\froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman CYR (Vietnamese);}{\f6113\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman TUR CE;}{\f6114\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman TUR Cyr;}{\f6116\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman TUR Greek;}
{\f6117\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman TUR Tur;}{\f6118\froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman TUR (Hebrew);}{\f6119\froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman TUR (Arabic);}{\f6120\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman TUR Baltic;}
{\f6121\froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman TUR (Vietnamese);}{\f6123\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial CYR CE;}{\f6124\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial CYR Cyr;}{\f6126\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial CYR Greek;}
{\f6127\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial CYR Tur;}{\f6128\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Arial CYR (Hebrew);}{\f6129\fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Arial CYR (Arabic);}{\f6130\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial CYR Baltic;}
{\f6131\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Arial CYR (Vietnamese);}{\f6133\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial TUR CE;}{\f6134\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial TUR Cyr;}{\f6136\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial TUR Greek;}{\f6137\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial TUR Tur;}
{\f6138\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Arial TUR (Hebrew);}{\f6139\fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Arial TUR (Arabic);}{\f6140\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial TUR Baltic;}{\f6141\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Arial TUR (Vietnamese);}
{\f6143\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 Courier New CYR CE;}{\f6144\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 Courier New CYR Cyr;}{\f6146\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 Courier New CYR Greek;}{\f6147\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 Courier New CYR Tur;}
{\f6148\fmodern\fcharset177\fprq1 Courier New CYR (Hebrew);}{\f6149\fmodern\fcharset178\fprq1 Courier New CYR (Arabic);}{\f6150\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 Courier New CYR Baltic;}{\f6151\fmodern\fcharset163\fprq1 Courier New CYR (Vietnamese);}
{\f6153\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 Courier New TUR CE;}{\f6154\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 Courier New TUR Cyr;}{\f6156\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 Courier New TUR Greek;}{\f6157\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 Courier New TUR Tur;}
{\f6158\fmodern\fcharset177\fprq1 Courier New TUR (Hebrew);}{\f6159\fmodern\fcharset178\fprq1 Courier New TUR (Arabic);}{\f6160\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 Courier New TUR Baltic;}{\f6161\fmodern\fcharset163\fprq1 Courier New TUR (Vietnamese);}
{\f6613\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek CE;}{\f6614\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek Cyr;}{\f6616\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek Greek;}{\f6617\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek Tur;}
{\f6618\froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek (Hebrew);}{\f6619\froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek (Arabic);}{\f6620\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek Baltic;}
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\par }{\insrsid14776484 (version 1a)}{\insrsid16282231 
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HUNTINGDONSHIRE. On folio 203ab the main scribe of Great Domesday wrote the running title }{\i\insrsid14776484 HUNTEDUNSCIRE.}{\insrsid14776484  in vermilion capitals across the top of the page, centred above both columns. He abbreviated this to }{
\i\insrsid14776484 HUNTED'SCIRE.}{\insrsid14776484  on folios 203cd\endash 207cd. No running titles appear on folio 208 which contains the 'Declarations', perhaps by mistake. See \{Domesday Book: Rubrication\}.
\par }{\cf1\insrsid16282231 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid14776484 Whe
n quoting from the text, the abbreviated forms are retained wherever possible, or the extensions to them are enclosed in square brackets; only where there is no doubt is the Latin extended silently. The Anglo-Saxon}{\i\cf1\insrsid14776484  }{
\cf1\insrsid14776484 letters thorn (\'fe) and eth (\'f0) are reproduced as }{\i\cf1\insrsid14776484 th}{\cf1\insrsid14776484 .}{\cf1\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 {\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 B1\tab [* 'HURSTINGSTONE' HUNDRED *]. The borough formed a quarter of 'Hurstingstone' Hundred (B15).}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab HUNTINGDON. The first secure mention of Huntingdon is in 917 in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, but a settlement would naturally have arisen much earlier at the northern end of the bridge where Ermine Street crosses the River Ouse: see 
\{Introduction: History\}. The Roman fort of Godmanchester (1,10) lay just south of the river and a number of important roads converge on the bridge. There had been a mint }{\i\insrsid14776484 T.R.E.}{\insrsid14776484  (B15) and a castle }{
\i\insrsid14776484 T.R.W.}{\insrsid14776484  (B4); there must also have been a market. The principal church was St Mary's, a superior establishment and probably once a minster; see 19,9 St Mary's note and \{Introduction: Ecclesiastical Organization\}
. The town was considerably smaller than its fortifications, and there was room for agriculture within the walls (B18). The revenue of the borough had been divided between the king and the earl in 1066. It remained a royal borough into the Middle Ages: }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\insrsid14776484 , i. p. 197; }{\i\insrsid14776484 Feudal Aids}{\insrsid14776484 
, ii. p. 471. In 1086 a number of others had messuages, houses or burgesses in the borough: Ramsey Abbey (HUN 6); Gilbert of Ghent (HUN 21), Ely Abbey (HUN 4), the Bishop of Lincoln (HUN 2), Countess Judith (HUN 20), and the 
Bishop of Coutances (HUN 3). These were probably attached to particular rural manors and in some counties would have been scheduled with them. On the topography of the town, see Ladds, 'Borough of Huntingdon'; Hart, 'St Mary of Huntingdon', p. 106; Roffe,
 'Introduction', }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire Domesday}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 19. In general, see }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. pp. 121-23; Tait, }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Medieval English Borough}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 127.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab FOUR QUARTERS. The }{\i\insrsid14776484 mansiones}{\insrsid14776484  and }{\i\insrsid14776484 burgenses}{\insrsid14776484  ('messuages' and 'burgesses') and other details in two quarters are de
scribed in B1-8, then those in the other two from B9 onwards, apparently to B13 (B14 borough note). The beginning of the description of each pair is indicated in the manuscript by a large, rubricated }{\i\insrsid14776484 I }{\insrsid14776484 for }{
\i\insrsid14776484 In}{\insrsid14776484 .}{\i\insrsid14776484  }{\insrsid14776484 Entries B15-20 concern the revenues from the whole borough; again the distinction is clearly indicated in the manuscript by the use of an enlarged and rubricated }{
\i\insrsid14776484 H}{\insrsid14776484  for }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntedun}{\insrsid14776484 .}{\i\insrsid14776484  }{\insrsid14776484 B21 is an addition (B21 section note).
\par \tab \tab The function of the quarters is unclear, but they were probably akin to wards in other boroughs: }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , i. p. 337; Tait, }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Medieval English Borough}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 60, n. 3.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab 
100 SMALLHOLDERS. These men evidently do not hold the property that would classify them as burgesses and render them liable to specific obligations. They are probably tenants of the burgesses, perhaps renting the 2 carucates, 40 acres of land and 10 acres
 of meadow mentioned in B18. Thus the rural classification though unexpected is apposite here but it defines status as well as activity.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab ST BENEDICT'S OF RAMSEY. The Ramsey estate extended into the parishes of St Andrew, St Edward, and St John: the Ramsey Cartulary (Hart and Lyons, i. p. 146, ii. p. 137); }{\i\insrsid14776484 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{
\insrsid14776484 , ii. pp. 226, 246, 281 nos. 1585, 1686, 1861; }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 140; Roffe, 'Introduction', }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire Domesday}{
\insrsid14776484 , p. 21.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab WITH FULL JURISDICTION. The Latin }{\i\insrsid14776484 cum}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 saca 7 soca }{\insrsid14776484 is from Old English }{\i\insrsid14776484 sacu}{\insrsid14776484 
 ('cause', 'affair', 'matter in dispute') and }{\i\insrsid14776484 socn}{\insrsid14776484  (a 'seeking'). The two terms only make full sense if taken together, and the presence of }{\i\insrsid14776484 saca}{\insrsid14776484 
 in the phrase implies one particular meaning of }{\i\insrsid14776484 soca}{\insrsid14776484 . Essentially these tw
o words refer to the lord's right to have a court, to compel suit (attendance) at it and his right to investigate and hear cases. It is often translated as 'with sake and soke'. By the eleventh century, the lord's powers seem to have extended from jurisdi
ction and justice and the right to receive fines to the right to have other dues and services, or money in their place. Men with full jurisdiction seem to have been able to grant portions of their estates to tenants.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab EUSTACE [* THE SHERIFF *] TOOK THEM FRO
M THE ABBEY. On the identification of Eustace as the sheriff, see B10 Eustace note. Elsewhere in the county, Eustace the sheriff appears to be rapacious for himself; see B10 Eustace note. Here, he appears to be working on the king's behalf. The implicatio
n
 of the statement 'they only paid tax before 1066' is that they no longer paid it, but that it was due: the king's tax (if that is what is meant) was usually not included in any privileges or remissions given with the burgesses (B2; B9). In B9, which begi
ns the description of the second half of the borough, St Benedict's has burgesses with whom Eustace has not interfered, perhaps because they continue to pay the king's tax.
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 175 no. 817.
\par \tab \tab The Domesday forms of the name Eustace - }{\i\insrsid14776484 Eustachi}{\insrsid14776484 (}{\i\insrsid14776484 us}{\insrsid14776484 ), }{\i\insrsid14776484 Eustaci}{\insrsid14776484 (}{\i\insrsid14776484 us}{\insrsid14776484 ), }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Eustach}{\insrsid14776484 (}{\i\insrsid14776484 ius}{\insrsid14776484 ) etc. - represent the Greek }{\i\insrsid14776484 Eustakhus}{\insrsid14776484 , Latin }{\i\insrsid14776484 Eustatius}{\insrsid14776484 
 ('faithful'), the name taken by the Roman Placidus (martyred 118): Dauzat, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Dictionnaire des Noms et Pr\'e9noms de France}{\insrsid14776484 , under Eustache; Reaney, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Dictionary of British Surnames}{
\insrsid14776484 , under Eustace.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab WITH THE OTHERS. That is, they now pay 'all customary dues and the king's tax' like the other 106 burgesses, from whom they had once been different, because subject to Ramsey Abbey a
nd because they had stopped paying the (king's) tax.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 B2\tab ULF FENMAN. Ulf was the predecessor of Gilbert at Fenstanton (21,1), his only manor in Huntingdonshire, to which these burgesses were probably appurtenant; see 21,1 Ulf note.
\par \tab \tab The Domesday forms of his first name - }{\i\insrsid14776484 Vlf(us)}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Olf(us)}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Wlf}{\insrsid14776484  etc. - represent Old Norse }{\i\insrsid14776484 Ulfr}{
\insrsid14776484 , Old Danish }{\i\insrsid14776484 Ulf}{\insrsid14776484 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid14776484 
, pp. 400-401. Ulfr appears in the Phillimore printed translations for Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, but has been standardized now as Ulf. The Alecto edition has Ulf.
\par \tab \tab His byname }{\i\insrsid14776484 fenisc}{\insrsid14776484  probably means \lquote Fenish\rquote  rather than \lquote from Fj\'f3n\rquote (= Funen, a Danish island) or \lquote the niggard\rquote , as suggested in the review by J\'f3n Stef\'e1
nsson of }{\i\insrsid14776484 Nordische Personennamen in England in alt- und fr\'fchmittelenglischer Zeit}{\insrsid14776484 , in }{\i\insrsid14776484 English Historical Review}{\insrsid14776484 , 25 (1910), p. 594. 'Fenman' may imply more than \lquote 
from the fens\rquote . A possibility is that he was an expert on water-flow or drainage.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab GILBERT OF GHENT. The Domesday form of his first name, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Gislebertus }{\insrsid14776484 (often abbreviated as }{\i\insrsid14776484 Gisleb't'}{\insrsid14776484 ), represents Old German }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Gisilbert}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Gislebert}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Gillebert}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Gilbert}{\insrsid14776484 , Old French }{\i\insrsid14776484 Gislebert}{\insrsid14776484 , }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Gil}{\insrsid14776484 (}{\i\insrsid14776484 l}{\insrsid14776484 )}{\i\insrsid14776484 ebert}{\insrsid14776484 : Forssner, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Continental-Germanic Personal Names in England}{\insrsid14776484 
, pp. 115-16. The Alecto edition has Gilbert. See HUN 21 Gilbert note.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 B3\tab ABBOT OF ELY. For the fief of Ely Abbey, see HUN 4.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab PLOT. Latin }{\i\insrsid14776484 tofta}{\insrsid14776484 , ultimately from Old Norse }{\i\insrsid14776484 topf}{\insrsid14776484 , means 'a homestead', that is, a plot of land with space for a house or farm, and its outbuildings.}{
\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 B4\tab BISHOP OF LINCOLN HAD. See 2,1 bishop note.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab MESSUAGE. }{\cf1\insrsid14776484 The Phillimore printed translation has 'residence'. The Latin is }{\i\cf1\insrsid14776484 mansione}{\cf1\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid14776484 m}{\cf1\insrsid14776484 ]; }{
\i\cf1\insrsid14776484 mansio}{\cf1\insrsid14776484  is difficult to differentiate in meaning from }{\i\cf1\insrsid14776484 ma}{\cf1\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid14776484 n}{\cf1\insrsid14776484 ]}{\i\cf1\insrsid14776484 sura}{\cf1\insrsid14776484 
. Because of its occasional association with }{\i\cf1\insrsid14776484 domus}{\cf1\insrsid14776484  ('house', 'dwelling') }{\i\cf1\insrsid14776484 mansio}{\cf1\insrsid14776484 
 is clearly more than a house; it is probably a house-site, that is, a messuage, which might contain one or more dwellings. In Nottingham, for example, Roger of Bully has 3 }{\i\cf1\insrsid14776484 mansiones}{\cf1\insrsid14776484 
 in which there are 11 houses (NTT B8); see also B5 messuage note. The Alecto edition has 'messuage'.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab CASTLE SITE. The castle was established here in 1068 by King William on his return from the north. Castles were constructed at Cambridge and Lincoln at the same time: Orderic Vitalis, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Ecclesistical History}{
\insrsid14776484  (Chibnall ii. pp. 218-19) has: }{\i\insrsid14776484 Rex post haec in reversione sua Lincoliae, Huntendonae et Grantebruge castra locavit et tutelam eorum fortissimis viris commendavit}{\insrsid14776484 
 ('After this [the surrender of York] the king, on his return journey, placed castles at Lincoln, Huntingdon and Cambridge and entrusted their protection to the bravest men'); see 'Stenton, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Anglo-Saxon England}{\insrsid14776484 
, p. 601; King, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Castellarium Anglicanum}{\insrsid14776484 , i. p. 224.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab IT IS NOT THERE NOW. This messuage might be additional to, but was more probably included in, the 20 messuage
s mentioned in B6 and B16. The clearance of houses for castle building is mentioned several times in Domesday Book; for example, in Wareham (DOR B3).}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 B5\tab EARL SIWARD. He was a Dane who was appointed Earl of Northumbria by King Cnut before 1033. Initially he
 ruled only in the southern part; the northern portion, between the River Tees and the Scottish border, being then ruled by earls descended from the kings of Bernicia. Following the murder of Earl Eadwulf (the last of these) in 1041 (on the orders of King
 Harthacnut and perhaps by Siward\rquote 
s own hand) Siward ruled the whole of Northumbria. He seems to have extended his earldom to include lands formerly held by the British kings of Strathclyde. He was also Earl of Huntingdonshire and possibly of adjacent count
ies at some time. He was married to the daughter of Earl Ealdred of Northumbria and was father of Earl Waltheof. Earl Siward died in 1055. At the time of his death, Waltheof was too young, so Northumbria, Huntingdonshire and Northamptonshire went to Tosti
, brother of Earl (later King) Harold. See \{Introduction: History\}.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab The Domesday form of his Christian name, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Siuuard(us)}{\insrsid14776484 , represents Old Danish }{\i\insrsid14776484 Sigwarth}{\insrsid14776484 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 364. JRM preferred the form Siward as it is in regular use. The Alecto edition also has Earl Siward.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab ONE MESSUAGE WITH A HOUSE. This makes a useful distinction between Latin }{\i\insrsid14776484 mansio }{\insrsid14776484 ('a messuage', 'plot of land for a house') which may or may not actually have a house on it, and }{
\i\insrsid14776484 domus}{\insrsid14776484 , the house itself.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab 
COUNTESS JUDITH HAS IT. Countess Judith (HUN 20) was the wife of Earl Waltheof who was the son of Earl Siward. His house might have been attached to Diddington (20,9) the only one of Judith's manors said to have been held by Earl Waltheof in 1066.}{
\i\insrsid14776484  }{\insrsid14776484 See B14 for other houses held by Judith.
\par \tab \tab The Domesday forms of the name Judith - }{\i\insrsid14776484 Iudita}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Iudit}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Gudeta }{\insrsid14776484 
- represent the biblical name Judith, meaning 'Jewess' or 'woman from Judea'.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 B6\tab 16s 8d. Domesday Book uses the old English currency system which lasted for a thousand years until 1971. The pound contained 20 shillings, each of 12 pence, abbreviated respectively as }{\i\insrsid14776484 \'a3}{\insrsid14776484 
(}{\i\insrsid14776484 ibrae}{\insrsid14776484 ), }{\i\insrsid14776484 s}{\insrsid14776484 (}{\i\insrsid14776484 olidi}{\insrsid14776484 ) and }{\i\insrsid14776484 d}{\insrsid14776484 (}{\i\insrsid14776484 enarii}{\insrsid14776484 
). The main scribe of Great Domesday often expressed sums above a shilling in pence (e.g., 16d in 29,2) and above a pound in shillings (e.g., 100s in 1,2).}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab THEY ARE NOT THERE NOW. For other references to messuages formerly on the castle site, see B4 not there note and B16.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 B7\tab UNOCCUPIED. Latin }{\i\insrsid14776484 wastae}{\insrsid14776484 , the normal sense in boroughs. When applied to agricultural land it is normally translated as 'waste', although 'unoccupied', 'uncultivated' is implied.}{
\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab QUARTERS. }{\i\insrsid14776484 Ferlinga }{\insrsid14776484 is}{\i\insrsid14776484  }{\insrsid14776484 here feminine; but masculine in B1 and B9 (JRM). However, the }{\i\insrsid14776484 quae}{\insrsid14776484  refers back to the }{
\i\insrsid14776484 mansiones}{\insrsid14776484 .}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 B8\tab BEFORE 1066 WERE FULLY OCCUPIED. The difference between these eight messuages and the 60 messuages of B7 is that these appear not to be paying customary dues now.
\par \tab \tab A strong contrast is made between the }{\i\insrsid14776484 wastae}{\insrsid14776484  of B7 and the }{\i\insrsid14776484 plenariae}{\insrsid14776484  (from Latin }{\i\insrsid14776484 plenus}{\insrsid14776484 , 'full').}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 B9\tab OTHER TWO QUARTERS. The description of the borough now turns to the other half and is similar in outline to the first half (B1 quarters note).}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 {\cf1\insrsid14776484 \tab [WITH AS MANY HOUSES]. This insertion is needed as the Latin jumps from 140 burgesses to \'bd house, presumably ano
ther instance of the scribe's over-zealous abbreviation of his source.}{\cf1\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 {\insrsid14776484 \tab CLOSES. Latin }{\i\insrsid14776484 hagas}{\insrsid14776484 , from Anglo-Saxon }{\i\insrsid14776484 haga}{\insrsid14776484 
, a 'haw' or piece of enclosed land, especially in a town or city; see }{\i\insrsid14776484 Dictionary of Medieval Latin}{\insrsid14776484 , under }{\i\insrsid14776484 haga}{\insrsid14776484  (1). The Phillimore printed translation had 'sites'.}{
\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid14776484 \tab 22 BURGESSES. Farley }{\i\cf1\insrsid14776484 xxii}{\cf1\insrsid14776484 ; manuscript, }{\i\cf1\insrsid14776484 xx ii}{\cf1\insrsid14776484 , filled in later, in darker ink, leaving space for an additional }{
\i\cf1\insrsid14776484 x}{\cf1\insrsid14776484 . The number is detailed below as 2 and 30 (JRM).}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid14776484 B10\tab AELFRIC THE SHERIFF. Green (}{\i\insrsid14776484 
English Sheriffs}{\insrsid14776484 
, p. 48) says he is 'presumably to be identified' with Aluric (Aelfric) son of Godric, sheriff of Cambridgeshire before 1086 (CAM B14). In CAM B14 Aelfric note he is identified as sheriff of that county before 1066, though the text is not so explic
it. See \{Introduction: Administration of the Shire\}.
\par \tab \tab The Domesday forms of this name - }{\i\insrsid14776484 Aluric}{\insrsid14776484 (}{\i\insrsid14776484 us}{\insrsid14776484 ), }{\i\insrsid14776484 Alebric, Aeluric}{\insrsid14776484 (}{\i\insrsid14776484 us}{\insrsid14776484 )}{
\i\insrsid14776484 , Alfric}{\insrsid14776484 (}{\i\insrsid14776484 us}{\insrsid14776484 )}{\i\insrsid14776484 , Alfriz, Aluuricus, Aelfric}{\insrsid14776484 ,}{\i\insrsid14776484  Aluriz, Eluric}{\insrsid14776484 (}{\i\insrsid14776484 us}{
\insrsid14776484 )}{\i\insrsid14776484 , Alberic, Alebrix}{\insrsid14776484  etc. - represent Old English }{\i\insrsid14776484 \'c6lfric}{\insrsid14776484 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{
\insrsid14776484 , pp. 176-80. The Alecto edition has \'c6lfric.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab A MESSUAGE. The Latin }{\i\insrsid14776484 un' mans'}{\insrsid14776484  can be expanded to }{\i\insrsid14776484 unam mansionem}{\insrsid14776484  or to }{\i\insrsid14776484 unam mansuram}{\insrsid14776484 
, probably without a difference in meaning. The scribe seems only to have used }{\i\insrsid14776484 mansio}{\insrsid14776484  in Domesday Huntingdonshire.
\par \tab \tab It is possible that the dispossession is that of a house (}{\i\insrsid14776484 domus}{\insrsid14776484 
) recorded in D2, where the wife and female claimant is called Leofeva and Eustace (see B10 Eustace note) is said to have given it to Oger of London. However, it is not certain that Leofeva was the wife of Aelfric the sheriff. See also Fleming, }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 175 no. 818.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid14776484 \tab 
KING WILLIAM. See HUN 1 land note. The Domesday form of his name, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Willelmus }{\insrsid14776484 (often abbreviated to }{\i\insrsid14776484 Will's}{\insrsid14776484 ), represents Old German }{\i\insrsid14776484 Willihelm}{
\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Willehelm}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Willelm}{\insrsid14776484 , Romance }{\i\insrsid14776484 Guill}{\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\insrsid14776484 i}{\insrsid14776484 ]}{\i\insrsid14776484 elm}{
\insrsid14776484 : Forssner, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Continental-Germanic Personal Names in England}{\insrsid14776484 , pp. 255-57. JRM preferred the common name William, which has survived into modern times. The Alecto edition also has William.}{
\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab EUSTACE [* THE SHERIFF *]. On the name Eustace, see B1 Eustace note, and on Eustace the sheriff, see HUN 19 Eustace note.
\par \tab \tab Although the name Eustace occurs several hundred times in Domesday Book, there are only three clearly identifiable individuals bearing that name: Coun
t Eustace of Boulogne, Eustace the cleric (SUS 9,72), and Eustace the sheriff of Huntingdon, named Eustace the sheriff here (HUN 19) but Eustace of Huntingdon in the neighbouring counties of Cambridgeshire (CAM 30. 39,2), Northamptonshire (NTH 55), and Li
n
colnshire (LIN S4). Although Count Eustace had four holdings in Huntingdonshire (9,1-4), all were subinfeudated and the count appears to have had no active interest in the shire. This makes it likely that all other references to Eustace in Huntingdonshire
 
are to Eustace the sheriff. If so, then in those vills where he held from the tenant-in-chief (5,2. 13,3-4. 20,4) he was probably exploiting the powers of his office to enjoy land of which he was not truly the subtenant. The other references to a Eustace 
are where alleged seizures or disputed titles are involved (B13. 2,2. 6,3;7-8. 20,3. D2;19), an all too common characteristic of references to sheriffs within their sheriffdoms. See also HUN B1 Eustace note and HUN 19 Eustace note..\tab 
It is also probable that
 the 'Eustace' with seven holdings in neighbouring Northamptonshire was Eustace the sheriff since five of these holdings are in vills in which he held in chief (NTH 6a,13;17;24;26. 35,15) and the remaining two (NTH 48,12. 56,46) are connected to manors in
 
which he had an interest. Apart from one tiny holding in Sussex (SUS 12,17), all remaining references to a Eustace in Domesday Book are to Count Eustace, which makes the identification of the Huntingdonshire and Northamptonshire Eustaces with the sheriff 
the more plausible. See also Round, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Feudal England}{\insrsid14776484 , pp. 167-68, 222-23 (JP).
\par \tab \tab Eustace has been identified as Eustace of Abbeville (in the French d\'e9partement of }{\cf1\insrsid14776484 Somme: arrondissement Abbeville) }{\insrsid14776484 and some of his tenants as natives of the same region: Keats-Rohan}{
\i\insrsid14776484 , Domesday People}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 197 (JP).}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab AN IMPOVERISHED MAN. The meaning of the Latin is unclear. }{\i\insrsid14776484 Pauper}{\insrsid14776484  (\lquote poor\rquote ) is an adjective, and used substantivally generally means \lquote a poor man'; it is not no
rmally used in the sense of \lquote deprived\rquote  (as in the Phillimore printed translation). The idea that the claim was being made by some impoverished individual living with the sons\rquote 
 mother, while they were not claiming, seems strange, but the alternative, with }{\i\insrsid14776484 pauper}{\insrsid14776484  meaning \lquote an impoverished son\rquote 
, would imply that only one son was claiming. The latter would be possible if he held in parage (jointly) and was claiming on behalf of his brothers, but for this the scribe could easily have put }{\i\insrsid14776484 unus ex istis, pauper, cu
m matre reclamat }{\insrsid14776484 (\lquote one of them, impoverished, claims it, with his mother\rquote ). It is very unlikely that by }{\i\insrsid14776484 paup\rquote }{\insrsid14776484  the scribe meant the plural }{\i\insrsid14776484 pauperes}{
\insrsid14776484 , for this would mean two scribal errors: the omission of -}{\i\insrsid14776484 es}{\insrsid14776484  from }{\i\insrsid14776484 paup\rquote es}{\insrsid14776484  and the use of the singular }{\i\insrsid14776484 reclamat}{\insrsid14776484 
 for the plural }{\i\insrsid14776484 reclamant}{\insrsid14776484 .}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 B12\tab BURGRED. Apparently the father of Autin of Huntingdon and the grandfather of Baldwin and Burred: Keats-Rohan}{\i\insrsid14776484 , Domesday People}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 169. On his being a priest, see 19,9.
\par \tab \tab The Domesday forms of his name - }{\i\insrsid14776484 Burred}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Borred}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Borret}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Burgered}{\insrsid14776484 , }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Borgeret}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Burret}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Burgret}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Borgred}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Borgret}{\insrsid14776484 , }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Borgretus}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Burgeret}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Borgered}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Borgaret}{\b\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Bugered}{\insrsid14776484 , }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Bughered}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Burredus}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Bored}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Boret}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Buered}{\insrsid14776484 , }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Bueret}{\insrsid14776484  etc. - represent Old English }{\i\insrsid14776484 Burgr\'e6d}{\insrsid14776484 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid14776484 , 
p. 212. JRM preferred the second element -ed for the Old English }{\i\insrsid14776484 -\'e6d}{\insrsid14776484 . The Alecto edition has Burgr\'e6d.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab THORKIL. On his being a priest, see 19,9. The Domesday forms of his name - }{\i\insrsid14776484 Turchil}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Torchil}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Turchill}{\insrsid14776484 (}{
\i\insrsid14776484 us}{\insrsid14776484 ), }{\i\insrsid14776484 Turchetel}{\insrsid14776484 ,}{\i\insrsid14776484  Torchetel}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Turketel}{\insrsid14776484 ,}{\i\insrsid14776484  Torchill}{\insrsid14776484 [}{
\i\insrsid14776484 us}{\insrsid14776484 ], }{\i\insrsid14776484 Torchel}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Thurchill}{\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\insrsid14776484 us}{\insrsid14776484 ], }{\i\insrsid14776484 Turchitil}{\insrsid14776484 
 - represent Old Danish }{\i\insrsid14776484 Thorkil}{\insrsid14776484 , Old Norse }{\i\insrsid14776484 Thorkell}{\insrsid14776484 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid14776484 
, pp. 394-95. The Phillimore printed edition has the forms Thorkell, Thorketel and Thorketill (the last following Fellows Jensen, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Scandinavian Personal Names in Lincolnshire and Yorkshire}{\insrsid14776484 
, pp. 309-11); these have now been standardized as Thorkil, although the presence in Domesday of a few -}{\i\insrsid14776484 chetel}{\insrsid14776484  and }{\i\insrsid14776484 -ketel}{\insrsid14776484 
 endings suggests that there might have been two forms of this name current then. The Alecto edition has Thorkil for }{\i\insrsid14776484 T.R.E.}{\insrsid14776484  holders, but both Thorkil and Turchil for 1086 holders.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab ONE CHURCH\'85 WITH 2 HIDES OF LAND. The Church of St Mary. Eustace the sheriff's tenure was illegal, as gently suggested by the 'now' an
d by the fact that the burgesses continue their tie to the king by paying customary dues; see B10 Eustace note. For the series of transactions involving this church, which was probably the minster church of the borough, see 19,9 and D1. See also Fleming, 
}{\i\insrsid14776484 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 176 no. 819.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab WITH FULL JURISDICTION. The meaning here appears to be that the priests had the church, the 2 hides and full jurisdiction over the burgesses and their houses; the punctuation of the Alecto edition implies that thi
s phrase refers only to the burgesses. On the general sense of the phrase }{\i\insrsid14776484 cum saca et soca}{\insrsid14776484 , see B1 jurisdiction note.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab EUSTACE ^[THE SHERIFF]^. See 19,9. On the name Eustace, see B1 Eustace note.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 B13\tab BISHOP GEOFFREY [* OF COUTANCES *]. Bishop Geoffrey must be the Bishop of Coutances (there being no other Bishop Geoffrey in 1086). He had only one manor in Huntingdonshire, at Hargrave (3,1).
\par \tab \tab The Domesday forms of Geoffrey - }{\i\insrsid14776484 Goisfridus}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Gosfridus}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Gaufridus}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Gaufridus}{\insrsid14776484 , }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Gaosfridus}{\insrsid14776484  etc. - represent 'two or, possibly, three Old German names usually latinized in early documents as }{\i\insrsid14776484 Galfridus}{\insrsid14776484  or }{\i\insrsid14776484 Gaufridus}{\insrsid14776484  and 
}{\i\insrsid14776484 Goisfridus}{\insrsid14776484  and }{\i\insrsid14776484 Gosfridus}{\insrsid14776484 ' (Reaney, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Dictionary of British Surnames}{\insrsid14776484 , under Jeffray etc.). }{\i\insrsid14776484 Goisfridus}{
\insrsid14776484  and }{\i\insrsid14776484 Gosfridus}{\insrsid14776484  represent Old German }{\i\insrsid14776484 Gosfrid}{\insrsid14776484 , Romance }{\i\insrsid14776484 Josfrid}{\insrsid14776484 : Forssner, }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Continental-Germanic Personal Names in England}{\insrsid14776484 , pp. 125-26. }{\i\insrsid14776484 Gaufridus}{\insrsid14776484  apparently could represent one of a series of Old German names such as }{\i\insrsid14776484 Gaufrid}{\insrsid14776484 , }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Gautfred,}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Waldfrid}{\insrsid14776484 ,}{\i\insrsid14776484  Walfrid}{\insrsid14776484 : }{\i\insrsid14776484 ibidem}{\insrsid14776484 , pp. 101-102. Forssner commented on the confusion of these
 two names and also that between the latter and Old German }{\i\insrsid14776484 God}{\insrsid14776484 (}{\i\insrsid14776484 e}{\insrsid14776484 )}{\i\insrsid14776484 frid}{\insrsid14776484  (on whom, see }{\i\insrsid14776484 ibidem}{\insrsid14776484 
, pp. 118-19). The modern name Geoffrey, chosen by JRM and also used in the Alecto edition, derives from ME }{\i\insrsid14776484 Geffrey}{\insrsid14776484 , from Old French }{\i\insrsid14776484 Geuffroi}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Jeufroi}{
\insrsid14776484  or Old French }{\i\insrsid14776484 Jefroi}{\insrsid14776484  (Reaney, }{\i\insrsid14776484 ibidem}{\insrsid14776484 ). See also Dodgson and Palmer, 'Introduction', }{\i\insrsid14776484 Index of Persons}{\insrsid14776484 , p. ix.}{
\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab 1 CHURCH AND 1 HOUSE OF THE ABOVE. That is, of the 32 burgesses held by Ramsey Abbey }{\i\insrsid14776484 T.R.E.}{\insrsid14776484  This claim does not appear in the Declarations (HUN D1-29).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 176 no. 820.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab EUSTACE [* THE SHERIFF *]. See B10 Eustace note, and on the name Eustace, see B1 Eustace note.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab AND THE SAME ST [BENEDICT'S] STILL CLAIMS THEM. In the Latin, it is the Saint, not the church who claims them. Grants are often made, for example, to 'Saint Cuthbert and the brothers worshipping God there'.
\par \tab \tab The use of Latin }{\i\insrsid14776484 adhuc}{\insrsid14776484  ('still') implies that Bishop Geoffrey has prolonged Eustace's alienation.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 B14\tab IN THIS BOROUGH. This entry is squeezed in,
 though apparently not inserted after the initial campaign. The scribe may have restarted here after a pause. By referring to the borough as a whole, rather than to the two quarters of B9-13, the scribe appears to have been uncertain whether the houses we
re in the first two quarters described (B1-8) or in the other two (B9-13). This may be the reason why he placed this entry at the end of both sections before he moved on to detailing the borough's revenues and taxes.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid14776484 \tab "GOS" AND HUNEF <OF STUKELEY> HAD 16 HO
USES. There are three interlocking entries (B14. 20,3 and D3) which individually and collectively do not contain quite enough information for their elucidation. Here }{\i\insrsid14776484 Gos}{\insrsid14776484  and }{\i\insrsid14776484 Hunef}{
\insrsid14776484  had 16 houses in the borough of Huntingdon which Countess Judith now has. In D3, apparently relating to the borough of Huntingdon, the jurors testify that the \lquote land\rquote  of }{\i\insrsid14776484 Hunef}{\insrsid14776484  and }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Gos}{\insrsid14776484  was in King Edward\rquote s hands in 1066 and they held from him, but that King William should have given it to Waltheof (Countess Judith\rquote s husband). In Countess Judith\rquote s fief a }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Hunneue}{\insrsid14776484  had held 3 hides of taxable land in [Great] Stukeley (20,3). It seems probable that the 16 houses in Huntingdon were appurtenant to [Great] Stukeley (in later times this manor had a parcel of Huntingdon Borough called \lquote 
Balwinshou\rquote ). Both the houses and the manor had also probably been held by Waltheof and then by Countess Judith, being only temporarily in King Edward\rquote s hands in 1066. The undertenants would have been }{\i\insrsid14776484 Gos}{
\insrsid14776484  and }{\i\insrsid14776484 Hunef}{\insrsid14776484 /}{\i\insrsid14776484 Hunneue}{\insrsid14776484 . If this is so, then the \lquote land\rquote  of D3 is really the \lquote houses\rquote  (i.e. \lquote messuages\rquote ) of B14 and }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Hunef}{\insrsid14776484  and }{\i\insrsid14776484 Hunneue}{\insrsid14776484  are the same person. However, they represent different names, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Hunef}{\insrsid14776484  being Old Norse }{\i\insrsid14776484 Hunnefr}{
\insrsid14776484 , Old Swedish }{\i\insrsid14776484 Hun\'e6f}{\insrsid14776484 , and }{\i\insrsid14776484 Hunneue}{\insrsid14776484  being Old English }{\i\insrsid14776484 Hungifu}{\insrsid14776484 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 296. They were rendered as Hunef and Huneva respectively by JRM, who preferred the second element -eva for Old English -}{\i\insrsid14776484 gifu}{\insrsid14776484 
, as it more closely followed the Domesday form. They appear as Hun\'e6f and Hungifu in the Alecto edition.
 This need not undermine the interpretation suggested above, however, as similar name-forms were frequently confused during the Domesday process. See also 20,3 Hunef note.
\par \tab \tab There are no other mentions in Domesday Book of the name-form }{\i\insrsid14776484 Gos}{\insrsid14776484 . It is not clear what name is represented by it; von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{
\insrsid14776484 , p. 273, suggests a nick-name from Old English }{\i\insrsid14776484 gos}{\insrsid14776484  ('goose') or Old Norse }{\i\insrsid14776484 Gauss}{\insrsid14776484  or Old German }{\i\insrsid14776484 Gauz}{\insrsid14776484 , }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Gaus}{\insrsid14776484 . In view of this uncertainty, it has been left in the Domesday form for the present edition; in the Phillimore printed edition and in the Alecto edition it occurs as Gos.}{\i\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 176 no. 821.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid14776484 \tab MARKET RIGHTS. }{\i\insrsid14776484 Thol 7 Them}{
\insrsid14776484 . }{\i\insrsid14776484 Thol}{\insrsid14776484  is a tax or duty on the importing or sale of goods; }{\i\insrsid14776484 them}{\insrsid14776484 
 is the right to compel someone, in whose hands lost or stolen property is found, to name the person from whom he received it. Together these represent the legal and fiscal arrangements for holding a market}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab COUNTESS JUDITH. See HUN 20 Judith note and on the name Judith, see B5 Judith note.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 B15\tab THIS ENTRY and the following ones (B16-20) concern the borough as a whole, rather than its quarters, concentrating on matters of revenue and tax.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab A FOURTH PART OF 'HURSTINGSTONE' HUNDRED. That is, it count
s for 50 hides in the double hundred. Without this addition, 'Hurstingstone' Hundred would have amounted to 137 hides, though a notional figure for Ramsey (HUN 6 Ramsey note) would bring it up to 200 hides: Hart, 'Hidation of Huntingdonshire',}{
\i\insrsid14776484  }{\insrsid14776484 p. 63; see \{Introduction: Hundreds\}
. Other boroughs liberated from the Danes in the same campaign were also hidated: Bedford, 50 hides, Cambridge, 100 hides, and Shrewsbury 100 hides. These hides are a purely fiscal notion: Huntingdon yields the tax equivalent of 50 h
ides. The entry for the borough of Bedford specifically says: 'The land of this town was never hidated and is not now, except for 1 hide which lay in [the lands of] St Paul's church before 1086' (BDF B1). This is very similar to the situation in Huntingdo
n where the land was not hidated, except for 2 hides belonging to a church (B12). There was, however, agricultural land in or dependent on Huntingdon, but assessed in carucates (B18).}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab MINT. The tax on the mint clearly replaces the tax on the 50 hides that 
constituted the borough, even though the minters, who paid 40 shillings, were no longer there (B19). 50 hides at the exceptional 6s to the hide (Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, version E, for 1084) would have yielded \'a3
15. A mint tax might have been less, but it would have been a standard, regular and predictable sum. There was an unspecified tax on the mint at Lincoln (LIN C3); Malmesbury (WIL B5) paid 100s; Nottingham (NTT B7) paid \'a3
10. In Essex, Colchester and Maldon jointly paid \'a320 (ESS B6), which was the same as the sum from Gloucester (GLS G1).}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid14776484 B16\tab LAND TRIBUTE. }{\i\insrsid14776484 Landgable}{
\insrsid14776484 . This rent, paid on a house or tenement, was the basic source of a borough's income; see Tait, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Medieval English Borough}{\insrsid14776484 , pp. 90-91.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab THE EARL HAD THE THIRD PART. That is, Waltheof had the third penny, the king the other two. This two-thirds/one-third division was common, and is even recorded sometimes in counties that did not have an earl in 1086, as here. See 
\{Third Penny\}.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid14776484 \tab OF THIS DUE. }{\i\insrsid14776484 De hoc censu}{
\insrsid14776484  probably}{\i\insrsid14776484  }{\insrsid14776484 refers to the }{\i\insrsid14776484 landgable}{\insrsid14776484  just mentioned; }{\i\insrsid14776484 census}{\insrsid14776484 
 is a general word meaning 'amount', 'tribute', 'sum of money'.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab 16s 8d. This works out at 10d per messuage as at Malmesbury (WIL M1).}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab [SHARED] BETWEEN THE EARL AND THE KING. This probably refers to the situation in 1066: '(which were shared) between the earl and the king' (B16 third part note)}{\i\insrsid14776484  }{\insrsid14776484 
or the division of revenue could be anachronistic as in B18.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab NOW REMAIN. That is, 'remain unpaid'. The first sentence of this entry refers to t
he situation in 1066, the second to 1086. The entry has probably been greatly abbreviated, and the main scribe of Great Domesday was perhaps struggling with his source or sources. He may also have misplaced the Latin }{\i\insrsid14776484 nunc}{
\insrsid14776484  ('now') which may have described the castle (= 'where the castle is now'), rather than the apparent non-payment of the 16s 8d. The sense, as it stands, appears to be that }{\i\insrsid14776484 T.R.E}{\insrsid14776484  the revenue of \'a3
10 from the }{\i\insrsid14776484 landgable}{\insrsid14776484  was shared one-third/ two-thirds, and that, of this revenue, 16s 8d came fr
om the 20 messuages and was shared on the same basis. However, these 20 messuages were demolished to make way for the castle and so do not (and cannot) render }{\i\insrsid14776484 landgable}{\insrsid14776484 . Thus the revenue is now \'a3
10 less 16s. 8d. This seems to anticipate a question about the non-payment by gently pointing out that it is impossible to have both a royal castle and the rent from the messuages that were on its site.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid14776484 \tab 
20 MESSUAGES WHERE THE CASTLE IS. These messuages are described in B6.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid14776484 B17\tab HE COULD. The Latin singular }{\i\insrsid14776484 poterat}
{\insrsid14776484  and the absence of }{\i\insrsid14776484 quisque}{\insrsid14776484  ('each') suggest that this clause refers only to the earl. The king's sum of \'a320 seems to be guaranteed.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab ARRANGE. Latin }{\i\insrsid14776484 locare}{\insrsid14776484 , like its compound }{\i\insrsid14776484 collocare}{\insrsid14776484  here, are from }{\i\insrsid14776484 locus}{\insrsid14776484 
 ('place') and mean 'to place', 'to position', 'to lay out'. The words are used in a variety of non-technical contexts. However, even in Classical Latin, }{\i\insrsid14776484 loco}{\insrsid14776484  can mean 'to let out for hire' and }{\i\insrsid14776484 
colloco}{\insrsid14776484  'to put out on contract' (see }{\i\insrsid14776484 Oxford Latin Dictionary}{\insrsid14776484 , under loco 7b, and colloco 13) and it is possible th
at the meaning of the present phrase is 'let out at farm', 'put out at a revenue'; compare }{\i\insrsid14776484 locant}{\insrsid14776484  in B18.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 B18\tab IN THIS BOROUGH. These carucates could have lain within the large circle of the borough's walls or adjacent.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab CARUCATES. Latin }{\i\insrsid14776484 carrucat'}{\insrsid14776484  was interlined above }{\i\f703\insrsid14776484 hid\'ea }{\insrsid14776484 by scribe B, who underlined}{\i\f703\insrsid14776484  hid\'ea }{\insrsid14776484 
for deletion. This is his only contribution to Domesday Huntingdonshire. Elsewhere scribe B followed the lead of the main scribe of Great Domesday in spelling, but here he seems inadvertently to have retained the \endash }{\i\insrsid14776484 rr}{
\insrsid14776484 - in }{\i\insrsid14776484 carrucatae}{\insrsid14776484  from his source. This spelling is common in the }{\i\insrsid14776484 Liber Exoniensis }{\insrsid14776484 (Exon) and in other 'satellite' texts such as the }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis}{\insrsid14776484  and 'Bath A'. Scribe B might also have been responsible for the erasure of several words after 'third [part]' here, though the main scribe also corrected in that line; see B18 divide note.
\par \tab \tab The correction is significant. Huntingdonshire is assessed in hides and virgates, not carucates and bovates like the rest of circuit VI, and twice in this county the main scribe corrected himself by interlining }{\i\insrsid14776484 hid'}{
\insrsid14776484  above }{\i\insrsid14776484 car'}{\insrsid14776484  (15,1. 17,1) and should also have done so in 29,6 (see 29,6 carucate note). However, this is not the carucate of the Danelaw, equivalent to the hide, but a measur
e of land that has not been hidated and so does not have the geld obligations associated with the hide. This measure occurs occasionally elsewhere, especially on royal land in the south-western counties; see DOR 2,6 carucates note. See also STS 1,5 caruca
t
e note. The borough pays tax for 50 hides (B15), but this is essentially a fiscal estimate rather than a measure of area of agricultural capacity. The use of carucates here seems intended to make the point that these are not themselves liable for tax, as 
hides are, though they do yield revenue in the form of rent.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab THEY DIVIDE. The construction is confused here. This is shown by the initial omission of }{\i\insrsid14776484 censum}{\insrsid14776484 
 and by the apparent abbreviation into one sentence of what had probably been two in the source. The
 king and the earl share the revenue, the king getting two parts and the earl the third. The erasure of several words after this sentence may have been caused by the editing process.
\par \tab \tab The Latin verb }{\i\insrsid14776484 partiuntur}{\insrsid14776484  is deponent, therefore the meaning is active, not passive, as implied by the Phillimore printed translation ('is shared'); moreover the verb is plural.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab THE KING [HAVING] 2 PARTS AND THE EARL THE THIRD [PART]. The Latin tense of }{\i\insrsid14776484 partiuntur}{\insrsid14776484  (B18 divide note) is definitely present, as is the tense of }{\i\insrsid14776484 locant }{
\insrsid14776484 in the next sentence (B18 officers of note). However,}{\i\insrsid14776484  }{\insrsid14776484 
Waltheof had not been replaced as earl by 1086, so the division appears to be anachronistic or notional, unless Eustace the sheriff were receiving the payment in lieu.
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 176 no. 822.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab LEASE IT THROUGH THE OFFICERS. The Latin}{\i\insrsid14776484  locant per ministros }{\insrsid14776484 appears to mean that the burgesses rent this land from the king and earl via their officials. They may have sub-let it 
to the smallholders of B1. This is a more likely meaning than that they let the land to the smallholders using the officials as agents. The Latin }{\i\insrsid14776484 locant}{\insrsid14776484  is probably used in the same sense as }{\i\insrsid14776484 
colloco }{\insrsid14776484 (B17 arrange note).}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab OFFICERS OF THE KING AND THE EARL. The Latin present tense }{\i\insrsid14776484 locant}{\insrsid14776484  again implies that this refers to 1086, and is therefore anachronistic in referring to an earl; see B18 parts note.}{
\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid14776484 \tab WITHIN THE SAID REVENUE ARE 3 FISHERMEN. This is a clumsy and probably over-abbreviated phrase, which means: 'within the said revenue are 3s from 3 fishermen'.}{\insrsid14776484  They fished no doubt on the River Ouse.
\par \tab \tab On the Latin }{\i\insrsid14776484 census}{\insrsid14776484 , see B16 due note.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 B19\tab MONEYERS. Latin }{\i\insrsid14776484 monetarii}{\insrsid14776484 , from }{\i\insrsid14776484 moneta}{\insrsid14776484  ('money', 'mint'). These are men who fetch dies from London and mint coins in the borough.}{\insrsid16282231 

\par }{\insrsid14776484 B20\tab IT PAID. That is,}{\i\insrsid14776484  }{\insrsid14776484 the borough of Huntingdon. This would normally be the final statement in this section equivalent to the value statement in rural manors.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 B21\tab THIS SECTION was inserted by the main scribe of Great Domesday, using a finer pen, 
in the large space left between the borough section and the list of landholders. It is an additional note, only related to the borough in so far as Huntingdon answered}{\i\insrsid14776484  }{\insrsid14776484 
for a quarter of the tax of 'Hurstingstone' Hundred (B15). There is no recognized place 
in the layout of Great Domesday for general statements of this kind. Compare 7,7 entries note. It was undoubtedly found during one of the checks made of the sources used for this county (see B21 record note) and thought to contain useful information, so i
t was added by the main scribe in a convenient space. At the same time he made several other additions related to the content of this note: see 4,1 hundred note; 6,19 ploughs note. The lack of rubrication here on }{\i\insrsid14776484 HERSTINGEST'}{
\insrsid14776484  and on the added hundred head in 4,1 imply that these additions were made during one of the last campaigns of work on the manuscript.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab THERE ARE LORDSHIP PLOUGHS EXEMPT. Latin }{\i\insrsid14776484 car' }{\insrsid14776484 here could conceivably abbreviate }{\i\insrsid14776484 carucatae}{\insrsid14776484  ('ploughlands') rather than }{\i\insrsid14776484 carucae}{
\insrsid14776484  ('ploughs'), although the scribe generally distinguished carucates from ploughs by including }{\i\f703\insrsid14776484 t'r\'ea}{\insrsid14776484  ('of land') after }{\i\insrsid14776484 car'}{\insrsid14776484 
. However, a plough is exempt only in the sense that the land it ploughs is free of tax, so the meaning is the same.
\par \tab \tab The word order here, with an early }{\i\insrsid14776484 sunt}{\insrsid14776484 ,}{\i\insrsid14776484  }{\insrsid14776484 se
ems to imply that in 'Hurstingstone' Hundred there are lordship ploughs which are exempt, and by implication some which are not, rather than that in 'Hurstingstone' Hundred (all}{\i\insrsid14776484 )}{\insrsid14776484 
 the ploughs are exempt, which is the interpretation of the Phillimore printed
 translation and the Alecto edition. In fact there are three entries in 'Hurstingstone' Hundred where there is no contrast made between taxable hides and exempt plough(land)s in lordship: Hartford (1,1), one of the two entries for Bluntisham (6,10), and B
r
oughton (6,3). There are also references to lordship land separate from tax-paying hides in three entries in other hundreds: for Elton (6,13) and Alwalton (8,2), both in Normancross Hundred, and for Offord D'Arcy in Toseland Hundred (6,19; see 6,19 plough
s note). The scribe may have thought that similar information was to be included for Sawtry in Normancross Hundred (6,12) as he left a space there; see 6,12 ploughs note.
\par \tab \tab Alwalton was held by Peterborough Abbey and Elton and Offord D'Arcy by Ramsey Abbey,
 but these exemptions do not seem to be specifically tied to religious houses. Although Ramsey Abbey and Ely Abbey dominated 'Hurstingstone' Hundred, the exemption also applied to Countess Judith's manor of Great Stukeley (20,3) in this hundred. In entrie
s for other Huntingdonshire hundreds Domesday gives the taxable hidage, then the ploughland estimate (land for }{\i\insrsid14776484 n }{\insrsid14776484 
ploughs), then the number of ploughs in lordship and those worked by the villagers. In entries in 'Hurstingstone' Hundred (apart from Hartford, 
Broughton and one of the two entries for Bluntisham), an additional phrase says 'apart from these hides, land for }{\i\insrsid14776484 n}{\insrsid14776484  ploughs in lordship'; this phrase is found sporadically in other counties, as in DOR}{
\i\insrsid14776484  }{\insrsid14776484 2,2. 8,1. OXF 6,6. BUK 3,1.}{\i\insrsid14776484  }{\insrsid14776484 It appears to be parallel to the }{\i\insrsid14776484 carucatae non geldantes}{\insrsid14776484 
 found in some of the south-western counties on royal and ecclesiastical land; see B18 carucates note. The implication is not entirely clear. Perhaps on other estates there was no lordship land especially demarcated, but the pr
oduce and revenue and the sowing and reaping of the estate was divided according to the ratio of lord's to villagers' ploughs. In 'Hurstingstone' Hundred there appears to be specific lordship ploughland; on other lordship land in Huntingdonshire, see \{
Introduction: Lordship Land\}
. It would be unwise to assume that new land has been created and exploited only on these manors, not all of which border the fen, or that arable has been created from meadow by drainage. In other hundreds of Huntingdonshire, the pl
oughlands often exceed the taxable hides. This is a re-assessment rather than an arable expansion, or it is a formalization of the difference between the hidage of an estate beneficially hidated and the actual land available for ploughing. As comparison w
i
th charters shows, the hidage had not been reduced at least since the tenth-century hidation, but the amount of arable within the hides has been reassessed or increased. In 'Hurstingstone' Hundred, a clear exemption was made by specifying the lordship plo
ugh(land)s. In this entry the present tense is used, referring to 1086, but in the individual entries it would seem to be }{\i\insrsid14776484 T.R.E.}{\insrsid14776484  and in the entries for Ely land in the }{\i\insrsid14776484 Inquisitio Eliensis}{
\insrsid14776484  (Hamilton, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Inquisitio Eliensis}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 167) it is always so. The arrangement presumably continued under King William. See Round in }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , i. pp. 322-23; Finn, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Introduction to Domesday Book}{\insrsid14776484 , pp. 260-61. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 176 no. 823.}{
\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \s22\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid14776484 \tab THE RECORD. In view of the reference immediately af
ter this to Broughton, this might be thought to refer to the hides actually listed in Domesday Huntingdonshire, the }{\i\insrsid14776484 breui}{\insrsid14776484  being the manuscript, though one might expect the main scribe to have written }{
\i\insrsid14776484 in hoc breui}{\insrsid14776484  ('in this record') or used the plural }{\i\insrsid14776484 in breuibus}{\insrsid14776484  (since places in 'Hurstingstone' Hundred occur in several fiefs) or even }{\i\insrsid14776484 inferius scriptas}{
\insrsid14776484  ('written below').}{\i\insrsid14776484  }{\insrsid14776484 However, the villagers' hides are not normally recorded in Great Domesday, Middlesex being a notable exception, though they are in the }{\i\insrsid14776484 Liber Exoniensis }{
\insrsid14776484 (Exon) and in the }{\i\insrsid14776484 Inquisitio Eliensis}{\insrsid14776484 
 and were probably in other 'satellite' texts, extant or not; the only mentions of specific holdings of Freemen are in the entries for Broughton (6,3) and Great Gidding (19,15). }{\i\insrsid14776484 Brevis}{\insrsid14776484  can mean a 'feudal re
turn', but that meaning is unlikely here as the reference is to the arrangements for tax within a hundred ('Hurstingstone') rather than within a fief. It is perhaps more likely therefore that the }{\i\insrsid14776484 brevis}{\insrsid14776484 
 was some form of geld list: Roffe, 'Introduction', }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire Domesday}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 3.}{\i\insrsid14776484  }{\insrsid14776484 There must have been a context in which it was clear what the word meant.}{
\i\insrsid14776484  }{\insrsid14776484 The source of this added statement might thus have been a hundredally-arranged document, possibly like the }{\i\insrsid14776484 Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis}{\insrsid14776484 , and the reference to }{
\i\insrsid14776484 brevis}{\insrsid14776484  may have been mechanically transferred into Great Domesday from a note (or notes) attached to it, drawing attention to the unusual taxation arrangements in 'Hurstingstone' Hundred; see B21 Broughton note.}{
\i\insrsid14776484  }{\insrsid14776484 For }{\i\insrsid14776484 brevis}{\insrsid14776484  as 'the royal return', see Harvey, 'Domesday Book and Anglo-Norman Governance', p. 178.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid14776484 \tab 
APART FROM [IN] BROUGHTON. The whole entry though disjointed seems to have been written by the main scribe without pausing; it is possible that it was written in stages in one of the d
ocuments that preceded Great Domesday Book. The first sentence and up to 'entered in the record' in the second sentence belong together as a general statement about exemption and payment in 'Hurstingstone' Hundred. The Latin ablative absolute }{
\i\insrsid14776484 excepta Broctone}{\insrsid14776484 
 may have originated as a marginal note, next to 'In 'Hurstingstone' Hundred', in one of the documents that preceded Great Domesday, and this was incorporated in the text here rather than after 'In 'Hurstingstone' Hundred'; the use of a large }{
\i\insrsid14776484 E}{\insrsid14776484  for }{\i\insrsid14776484 excepta}{\insrsid14776484 
 suggests that it once was not embedded in a sentence. The clause 'where the abbot pays tax with the others for 1 hide' may have been added to this putative note in a subsequent version. The result is a rather disjointed entry.
\par \tab \tab The abbot's manor of Br
oughton amounted to 9 hides which included 5 hides belonging to Freemen (6,3; see also D4). Although the manor is in 'Hurstingstone' Hundred, no exemption is mentioned, and this statement underlines the fact. The estate at Broughton which became head of t
he honour of Ramsey and where the abbot had his court was assembled piecemeal. This particular hide had a separate history. It had been given by King Edgar to Thorney Abbey, or intended for it, in 973: Sawyer, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{
\insrsid14776484 , no. 792 (= }{\i\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\insrsid14776484 
, p. 26 no. 16, see p. 168) along with the two hides associated with the Church of St Mary in Huntingdon (19,9). It features in only one manuscript of the Thorney foundation grant so it is possible that it never reached the abbey, being 
retained by Bishop Aethelweald. Soon afterwards (975 x 979) it was obtained for Ramsey Abbey by its prior Eadnoth from Bishop Aethelweald in exchange for land at Wilbraham, Cambridgeshire, which he used to endow his foundation at Ely: }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 233 no. 317; the Ramsey Cartulary (Hart and Lyons, pp. 74-75). After 1086, a writ of William II instructs that this hide should be held in lordship: }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 281 no. 1860b. It later became known as Harley's Manor: }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 
, ii. pp. 159-61. For a full account of Broughton, see 6,3 Broughton note.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab ABBOT. The abbot here is the Abbot of Ramsey: 6,3 and D4 (JRM).}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab WITH THE OTHERS. The abbot apparently paid tax like the other tax-payers of Broughton (6,3), notably the Freemen.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 1\tab LAND OF THE KING. King William. He was born in 1027 or 1028, the son of Robert I, Duke of Normandy, and Arlette daughter of Fulbert the tanner of Falaise. Duke of Normandy 1035-1087, William seized the English throne in 1066 havin
g defeated the uncrowned English King Harold, son of Godwin, at the battle of Hastings. William himself was crowned in Westminster Abbey on 25}{\up6\insrsid14776484 th}{\insrsid14776484 
 December 1066 and ruled England until his death in 1087. In 1050 or 1051 he married Matilda, daughter of Baldwi
n V, Count of Flanders; she predeceased him. Among his children were Robert Curthose, William Rufus, Henry, Cecilia (Abbess of Caen), and Constance (married to Count Alan of Brittany). He was succeeded in Normandy by his son Robert Curthose and in England
 first by his son William Rufus (William II, 1087-1100), then by his son Henry (Henry I, 1100-1135).
\par \tab \tab Huntingdonshire was not dominated by royal land in 1086, though there was a concentration around the borough; see \{Introduction: Manorial Organization\}. T
here are traces of much-decayed multiple estates centred on Alconbury (1,6), Kimbolton (13,1) and on the Ortons (1,4; see 1,2 Botolph note), Great Paxton (20,8), Eynesbury (20,6. 28,1) and perhaps on 'Washingley' (29,1; see 1,3 Stilton note). For 'Kingsto
n', see 6,4 Wistow note, and in general, see \{Introduction: Manorial Organization\}.
\par \tab \tab All the major royal manors except Godmanchester (1,10) were being administered by Ranulf brother of Ilger in 1086 and several of those were subject to tenurial disputes. R
anulf was a tenant-in-chief (HUN 24) and is evidenced in the 1090s as sheriff, probably in direct succession to Eustace; see }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , iii. p. 5; Green, }{
\i\insrsid14776484 English Sheriffs}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 48.
\par \tab \tab The entries in this fief are arranged by hundreds as follows:
\par \tab 1,1 'Hurstingstone' Hundred
\par \tab 1,2-4 Normancross Hundred
\par \tab 1,5 Toseland Hundred
\par \tab 1,6-9 'Leightonstone' Hundred
\par \tab 1,10 [Toseland? Hundred]. [This final entry is out of sequence; see 1,10 Toseland note].}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 1,1\tab HARTFORD. This was an Ancient Parish. It contained Kings Ripton (TL2676). Hartford was granted to St Mary's Priory of Huntingdon by Henry I: }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{
\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 171. Kings Ripton was granted by the same king to Ramsey Abbey and remained with it until the Dissolution: the Ramsey Cartulary (Hart and Lyons, ii. p. 136); }{\i\insrsid14776484 Taxatio Ecclesiastica}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 51; }
{\i\insrsid14776484 Valor Ecclesiasticus}{\insrsid14776484 , iv. p. 271; }{\i\insrsid14776484 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\insrsid14776484 
, ii. p. 300 no. 1960. Later, as probably in 1086, the Royal Forest of Sapley, named from the place at TL2474, was attached to it. See }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 
, i. p. 340 note, ii. pp. 121, 172, 181-83, 230; }{\i\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\insrsid14776484 , i. p. 197, ii. p. 591.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 {\cf1\insrsid14776484 \tab KING EDWARD. Edward the Confessor, King of England from June 1042 to 5}{\cf1\up6\insrsid14776484 th}{\cf1\insrsid14776484 
 January 1066. }{\insrsid14776484 The Domesday forms of his name - }{\i\insrsid14776484 Eduuard}{\insrsid14776484 (}{\i\insrsid14776484 us}{\insrsid14776484 ), }{\i\insrsid14776484 Eduardus}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Eaduuardus}{
\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Edw}{\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\insrsid14776484 ardus}{\insrsid14776484 ], }{\i\insrsid14776484 Euuard}{\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\insrsid14776484 us}{\insrsid14776484 ] etc. - represent Old English }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Eadweard}{\insrsid14776484 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid14776484 , pp. 237-38. JRM preferred the first element Ed- for Old English }{\i\insrsid14776484 Ead-}{\insrsid14776484 
 and the second element -ward for Old English }{\i\insrsid14776484 -weard}{\insrsid14776484 
, as they reflected the majority of the Domesday forms; moreover, the name Edward has survived into modern times and the king is known as Edward. The Alecto edition also has Edward.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid14776484 \tab RANULF BROTHER OF ILGER. See HUN 24 Ranulf note. He was administering all the major royal manors except Godmanchester (1,10); see HUN 1 land note; \{Introduction: Administration of the Shire\}.}{\insrsid14776484 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab }{\insrsid14776484 The Domesday forms of Ranulf - }{\i\insrsid14776484 Ranulf}{\insrsid14776484 (}{\i\insrsid14776484 us}{\insrsid14776484 ), }{\i\insrsid14776484 Rannulf}{\insrsid14776484 (}{\i\insrsid14776484 us}{
\insrsid14776484 ) - represent Old German }{\i\insrsid14776484 Ran}{\insrsid14776484 (}{\i\insrsid14776484 n}{\insrsid14776484 )}{\i\insrsid14776484 ulf}{\insrsid14776484 : Forssner, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Continental-Germanic Personal Names in England}{
\insrsid14776484 , pp. 211-12. The Alecto edition has Ranulph. The Domesday forms of his brother Ilger - }{\i\insrsid14776484 Ilgerius}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Ilgerus}{\insrsid14776484  - represent Old German }{\i\insrsid14776484 Hildeger
}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Hilger}{\insrsid14776484 : Forssner, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Continental-Germanic Personal Names in England}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 162. In view of the absence of initial }{\i\insrsid14776484 H}{\insrsid14776484 
 in the Domesday forms, JRM decided on Ilger. The Alecto edition also has Ilger.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 {\insrsid14776484 \tab 2 CHURCHES. One was probably at Hartford, one at Kings Ripton.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 {\cf1\insrsid14776484 \tab 2 MILLS, \'a34. The \'a34 was the payment from the 2 mills; see B17. 2,8. Presumably in the interests of brevity, 
the scribe did not generally include }{\i\cf1\insrsid14776484 reddens}{\cf1\insrsid14776484 /}{\i\cf1\insrsid14776484 reddentes}{\cf1\insrsid14776484 
 ('paying', the present participle being translated in the Phillimore printed edition, as here, by 'which pays'/'which pay'). The Latin case of }{\i\cf1\insrsid14776484 lib'}{\cf1\insrsid14776484  is not clear, but was probably genitive (= '2 mills (
at a value of = worth/paying) \'a34'), as occasionally elsewhere in Huntingdonshire (4,4. 6,4. 7,6. 9,3. 11,1. 19,12. 20,6. 28,1). In other counties in Great Domesday the scribe added }{\i\cf1\insrsid14776484 de}{\cf1\insrsid14776484 
 before the payment (for example, KEN 1,4: }{\i\cf1\insrsid14776484 i. molin' de .xx. sol'}{\cf1\insrsid14776484 ), trans
lated by 'at' in the Phillimore printed edition, as in this edition. The use of the comma for those instances where the Latin case of the currency is unclear preserves the ambiguity of the Latin. See \{Mills\}.}{\cf1\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 {\cf1\insrsid14776484 \tab PASTURABLE WOODLAND. }{\insrsid14776484 In the Phillimore printed
 edition, this phrase is translated as 'woodland pasture', as it is in the Alecto edition. However, this is to reverse the force of the Latin where }{\i\insrsid14776484 silua}{\insrsid14776484  is a noun and }{\i\insrsid14776484 pastilis}{
\insrsid14776484  an adjective. The main scribe of Great Domesday was here writing primarily about woodland, then adding details that described or defined it. This is obvious when in DBY 1,13 he recorded }{\i\insrsid14776484 
silua pastilis 7 minuta iii leugas longa 7 ii lata}{\insrsid14776484  ('pasturable underwood 3 leagues long and 2 wide'); see also 1YKS 11E1 and LIN 13,4. In these cases both }{\i\insrsid14776484 pastilis}{\insrsid14776484  and }{\i\insrsid14776484 minuta
}{\insrsid14776484  are adjectives that describe the }{\i\insrsid14776484 silua}{\insrsid14776484 , literally 'woodland, pasturable and low-growing'. It is also evident where he noted different types of woodland as in 20,8 where he recorded }{
\i\insrsid14776484 silua pastilis }{\insrsid14776484 ... }{\i\insrsid14776484 7}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 alia silua }{\insrsid14776484 ... ('pasturable woodland ... other woodland ... '): clearly the other woodland was not pasturable.

\par \tab \tab Great Domesday does not make it clear whether the pasture had been created by assarting or whether the woodland was naturally open. This phrase is not a reference to the 
pannage of pigs, but essentially replaces the normal entry for woodland combining it with a mention of pasture (principally for the plough-oxen). In such cases, separate pasture is rarely mentioned, an exception being in DBY 6,32: }{\i\insrsid14776484 
iiii ac' pascuae. Silua pastilis dimidiam leugam longa et dimidiam lata}{\insrsid14776484 . ('pasture, 4 acres. Pasturable woodland \'bd league long and \'bd
 wide'). In fact throughout Derbyshire, Huntingdonshire, Lincolnshire, Nottinghamshire, Rutland and Yorkshire, the woodland normally provided the pas
ture as well. When this was not the case, the scribe tended to note it, as in DBY 1,28;30. 5,5. NTT 14,8. YKS 5N8. 5W5 (}{\i\insrsid14776484 silua non pastilis}{\insrsid14776484 ) and YKS 23N10 (}{\i\insrsid14776484 silua sine pastura}{\insrsid14776484 
). An apparent exception is 1,10: }{\i\insrsid14776484 l acras siluae pastilis. De pastura xx solidi}{\insrsid14776484  ('p
asturable woodland, 50 acres. From pasture 20s.'). There, however, there was pasture that exceeded the requirements of the estate and which was a source of income presumably from another village or other villages that lacked this resource. There }{
\i\insrsid14776484 pastura}{\insrsid14776484  is really 'pasturage' and the grazing could actually have taken place in the }{\i\insrsid14776484 silua pastilis}{\insrsid14776484 . In LIN 56,16 there is an interesting entry: }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Silua pastilis viii quarentinas longa 7 v lata: medietas pascuae alia medietas minutae siluae}{\insrsid14776484  (' Pasturable woodland 8 furlongs long and 5 wide: half [consists] of pasture, the other half of underwood'); here }{\i\insrsid14776484 alia}{
\insrsid14776484  ('another') seems to be used in place of }{\i\insrsid14776484 altera}{\insrsid14776484  ('the other') as not infrequently. The purpose of the final phrase seems to be to give the relative proportions of 
pasture and underwood. No doubt these resources were intermingled on the ground and this is really }{\i\insrsid14776484 silua minuta 7 pastilis}{\insrsid14776484 
 ('pasturable underwood'); if the underwood and pasture were in separate blocks, they would have been expressed as such. Woodland and 
open land are similarly intermixed at YKS 1Y2, though at Tupton and Norton in Derbyshire (DBY 1,8) they are separate resources. See 1,7 woodland note.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 1,2\tab BOTOLPH BRIDGE. This was an Ancient Parish. It is named from a bridge across the River Nene that is no longer in existence (}{\i\insrsid14776484 Place-names of}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{
\insrsid14776484 , pp. xli, 194). For the dedication, see 19,9 Botuluesbrige note. These 5 hides were possibly the rump of a major royal manor (also incorporating the Ortons) that had once dominated the hundred but had since broken up; see \{
Introduction: Manorial Organization\}. Its later history is unclear, though it was held by serjeanty in the thirteenth century: }{\i\insrsid14776484 Book of Fees}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 930; }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 195.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab 1 PLOUGH; 15 VILLAGERS. The punctuation seeks to preserve the ambiguity of the Latin (JRM).}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab PASTURABLE WOODLAND IN NORTHAMPTONSHIRE. The woodland would have been across the bridge. There was no royal land in the adjacent Northamptonshire hundred of Upton, which was almost entirely in the hands of Peterboro
ugh Abbey. Unless the king was exploiting the abbot's woods, this woodland may have been regarded as a detached part of the present manor. There are three references in Huntingdonshire to timber taken from the Abbot of Peterborough's woodland (7,5. 9,2. 1
9,8).}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab RANULF ^[BROTHER OF ILGER]^. See 1,1 Ranulf note.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab A DAM \'85 CONTINUES TO DROWN. The Abbot of Thorney holds Woodston (7,3) just downstream, though the dam, sluice or fish weir is not mentioned. The Latin }{\i\insrsid14776484 necat}{\insrsid14776484 
 is present tense ('drowns'), but is used in the double sense of 'has inundated and still does'. }{\i\insrsid14776484 Necat}{\insrsid14776484  is a strong word, normally meaning 'to kill'.
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 176 no. 824.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid14776484 1,3\tab 
THIS ENTRY and the next one (1,4) do not relate to full manors, but are notes rounding off the account of Normancross Hundred.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid14776484 \tab 
STILTON. This was an Ancient Parish. Stilton is not here designated as a manor or a jurisdiction. Its 3 virgates belong with the 2 hides and 1 virgate of Stilton (19,5), which itself was either a jurisdiction of
 'Washingley' (19,3) or a piece of land attached only to the hundred (19,4). Together with the two hides held by the Bishop of Lincoln (2,7) they formed a five-hide unit. These 3 virgates do not seem to have had an independent later history but descended 
with the Lovetot manor (19,5 Stilton note).}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab NORMANCROSS [HUNDRED]. The word }{\i\insrsid14776484 Hund'}{\insrsid14776484 
 has, apparently, also been omitted in the entries for Hargrave (Jurisdiction in 'Leightonstone') at 3,1, and for Orton (Jurisdiction in Normancross) in 19,4;7, no doubt becau
se estate names are common in such phrases. There are parallel phrases involving hundreds: for example 1,9 Grafham, 'Jurisdiction in 'Leightonstone' Hundred', and an identical phrase is part of a long deletion in the entry for Hamerton (15,1). The moot of
}{\i\insrsid14776484  }{\insrsid14776484 Normancross Hundred lay in Yaxley on the border of Stilton parish: see \{Introduction: Hundreds\}
. It is possible that, as in several other instances, this is a piece of royal land left by the break-up of a large royal manor, perhaps based on the Ortons (19,4 Orton note); see \{Introduction: Manorial Organization\}. Lacking a manorial }{
\i\insrsid14776484 caput}{\insrsid14776484 , this piece of land is attached, like the Freemen, to the hundred rather than to a manor. See 3,1 jurisdiction note.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab 5 OXEN PLOUGHING. This phrase is a variation on '5 oxen there'. }{\cf1\insrsid14776484 
There were normally reckoned to be 8 oxen to a plough team, but there is evidence for smaller teams in the south-west; see Lennard, 'Domesday Plough-Teams'; Finberg, 'Domesday Plough-Team'; Lennard, 'Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid14776484 caruca}{
\cf1\insrsid14776484 '. In Herefordshire there is evidence that, at least on the king's lordship land, a plough team of 6 oxen was the norm; see HEF 1,50 oxen note. See also CON 5,2,19 plough note. }{\insrsid14776484 
There is no sign of either 3 oxen or one ox in any entry for an adjacent estate. There are 6 oxen in another pa
rt of Stilton (19,5) where the same phrase as here is used; the mention of 6 oxen rather than of 1 plough might suggest that this was not a full team, or that a six-oxen rather than the usual eight-oxen team was being used. However, in the part of Stilton
 that is described as a manor (2,7) there is 'land for 2 ploughs and 1 ox'; there is no statement about the ploughs or oxen actually present.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab ^[KING EDWARD HELD IT]^. Though not explicitly stated, this holding was presumably a royal jurisdiction in 1066 as well as 1086.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid14776484 1,4\tab 
THIS ENTRY and the previous one (1,3) do not relate to full manors, but are notes rounding off the account of Normancross Hundred.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid14776484 \tab ORTON [WATERVILLE]. This was an Ancient Parish. These 3 \'bd
 hides, not said to be a manor or jurisdiction, reappear in the fief of Peterborough Abbey (8,4) where the tense is different: 'the king had the jurisdiction over this land'. No dispute in m
entioned in the Declarations. See 8,4 Orton note. It is possible that there had once been a large royal estate focussed on the Ortons including Botolph Bridge and perhaps Woodstone, Fletton and Stanground, guarding the crossing of the River Nene; see \{
Introduction: Manorial Organization\}.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab GODWIN. The particular Godwin is unknown.
\par \tab \tab The Domesday forms of this name- }{\i\insrsid14776484 Goduuinus}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Goduin}{\insrsid14776484 (}{\i\insrsid14776484 us}{\insrsid14776484 ), }{\i\insrsid14776484 Goduine}{\insrsid14776484 , }{
\i\insrsid14776484 God}{\insrsid14776484 (}{\i\insrsid14776484 d}{\insrsid14776484 )}{\i\insrsid14776484 euuinus}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Gotwinus}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Couinus}{\insrsid14776484 
 etc. - represent Old English }{\i\insrsid14776484 Godwine}{\insrsid14776484 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid14776484 , pp. 269-73. JRM preferred the second element -win to Old English }{
\i\insrsid14776484 -wine}{\insrsid14776484 , as the vast majority of Domesday forms lacked the final }{\i\insrsid14776484 -e}{\insrsid14776484 . The Alecto edition has Godwine.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 1,5\tab 
[GREAT] GRANSDEN. This was an Ancient Parish. 'Gransden' was sold (963 x 973) to Bishop Aethelweald of Winchester who gave it to Ealdorman Aethelwine. The latter divided it between the abbeys of Thorney and Ely, but the Abbot of Thorney gave it back to hi
m in exchange for land in Holland, Lincolnshire, when it was described as '15 hides of fertile land': }{\i\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\insrsid14776484 
, p. 171. In 1086 Ely Abbey retained its holding of 5 hides, by then known as Little Gransden and lying in Cambridgeshire.
 Great Gransden appears in 986 in the will of Aethelstan Mannessune as left to Alfwaru, who was probably his eldest daughter, 'just as it had been left for her by her grandmother Aethelswyth': }{\i\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{
\insrsid14776484 , p. 26 no. 16 (= Sawyer, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\insrsid14776484 , no. 792), p. 24 no. 11, p. 29 no. 21 and p. 181; the Ramsey Chronicle (Macray, pp. 59-60); }{\i\insrsid14776484 Liber Eliensis}{\insrsid14776484 
 (Blake, p. 91).
\par }{\i\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab }{\insrsid14776484 This royal land was later granted to Robert Earl of Gloucester (died 1147) and became part of the honour of Gloucester: }{\i\insrsid14776484 Feudal Aids}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 469; }{
\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 287.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid14776484 \tab EARL ALGAR. }{\cf1\insrsid14776484 
He was son of Earl Leofric and Countess (Lady) Godiva and father of Earl Edwin of Mercia and of Earl Morcar of Northumbria. Earl Algar was Earl of Mercia in succession to his fath
er, but died before 1066. Although Edwin succeeded to the earldom of Mercia, he is seldom recorded as the }{\i\cf1\insrsid14776484 T.R.E.}{\cf1\insrsid14776484  holder.}{\insrsid14776484 
\par }{\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab }{\insrsid14776484 The Domesday form, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Algar(us)}{\insrsid14776484 , is used throughout Domesday for the earl. This form together with the other forms - }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Elgar}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Aelgar}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Alger(us)}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Aelger}{\insrsid14776484  - could represent Old English }{\i\insrsid14776484 \'c6lfgar, \'c6thelgar}{
\insrsid14776484  or}{\i\insrsid14776484  Ealdgar }{\insrsid14776484 or even}{\i\insrsid14776484  Old Norse Alfgeirr}{\insrsid14776484 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid14776484 
, pp. 144-46, under }{\i\insrsid14776484 Al-gar}{\insrsid14776484 , and also p. 142, under }{\i\insrsid14776484 Al-}{\insrsid14776484 . However, he included all the references to the earl under Old English }{\i\insrsid14776484 \'c6lfgar}{\insrsid14776484 
 (}{\i\insrsid14776484 ibidem}{\insrsid14776484 
, pp. 172-73). JRM, however, preferred to keep to the base form for the earl as it reflected the consistent Domesday spelling, which might suggest that the earl was actually known as Algar in 1086. The Alecto edition has Earl \'c6lfgar.}{\insrsid16282231 

\par }{\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid14776484 \tab RANULF ^[BROTHER OF ILGER]^. See 1,1 Ranulf note.}{\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 1,6\tab 'LEIGHTONSTONE' HUNDRED. The main scribe of Great Domesday wrote the }{\i\insrsid14776484 L}{\insrsid14776484  of }{\i\insrsid14776484 DELESTVNE}{\insrsid14776484 
 slightly larger than the other capitals, as he regularly did with an }{\i\insrsid14776484 L}{\insrsid14776484  in a hundred name; see for example }{\i\insrsid14776484 TOLESLVND}{\insrsid14776484  (2,1), }{\i\insrsid14776484 KENEBALTVNE}{\insrsid14776484 
 (20,4). This presumably led Farley to print this }{\i\insrsid14776484 L}{\insrsid14776484  with a larger capital and to leave a small space between the }{\i\insrsid14776484 DE}{\insrsid14776484  and the }{\i\insrsid14776484 LESTVNE}{\insrsid14776484 
 as if he believed that the scribe intended 'Of 'Leightonstone' Hundred'. However, the form is regularly }{\i\insrsid14776484 DELESTVNE}{\insrsid14776484  (as well as }{\i\insrsid14776484 LESTONE}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 LESTVNESTAN}{
\insrsid14776484  etc.) but Farley did not elsewhere use a larger capital and leave a space. Even so, the origin of the forms with initial }{\i\insrsid14776484 DE}{\insrsid14776484 - is undoubtedly in a phrase such as }{\i\insrsid14776484 
in hundredo de Lestvne}{\insrsid14776484 .}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab 
ALCONBURY. This was an Ancient Parish. It had clearly been a multiple estate, and in 1086 still had dependencies at Gidding (1,6. 19,15), Thurning (5,2. 19,18), Winwick (19,17), Luddington-in-the-Brook (19,19) and [Alconbury] Weston (19,20). It is conceiv
able that other parts of Gidding (6,21;25. 26,1) had once been part of Alconbury. If the manor had occupied the northern half of 'Leightonstone' double hundred (possibly called }{\fs22\insrsid14776484 \'93}{\insrsid14776484 Cressuuelle\'94
, see 26,1 Cressuuelle note and \{Introduction: Hundreds\}), it would also probably have contained Hamerton, Coppingford, Upton and possibly Buckworth and Woolley. The manor was granted to John }{\i\insrsid14776484 Lupus}{\insrsid14776484 
 by the end of the twelfth century, then given by King John to David, Earl of Huntingdon. John's grant consisted of }{\i\insrsid14776484 Alkmundebir'}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Wodeweston'}{\insrsid14776484 
 ([Alconbury] Weston; see 19,20) and }{\i\insrsid14776484 Liminge}{\insrsid14776484  (Lymage TL1367), but by then one hide of it belonged to the Lovetot barony (19,20): the Red Book of the Exchequer (Hall, p. 528); }{\i\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}
{\insrsid14776484 , i. p. 197, ii. pp. 591, 607, 610; }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 364, iii. p. 5.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab [GREAT] GIDDING. This was an Ancient Parish. This part of what later became Great Gidding (26,1 Gidding note) may have been adjacent to other members of the manor of Alconbury, such as Luddington-in-the-Brook (19,19). It is
 probably the Gidding mentioned in D22 as an outlier of Alconbury and in the king's revenue, though no dispute is mentioned here. It is separate from the hidation of other parts of Gidding, being counted in Alconbury's 10 hides: Hart, }{
\i\insrsid14776484 'Hidation of Huntingdonshire'}{\insrsid14776484 ,}{\i\insrsid14776484  }{\insrsid14776484 
p. 65; see 6,21 Gidding note. Its later history was probably bound up with that of Alconbury itself, but it may be the land granted by Henry I to his }{\i\insrsid14776484 dapifer}{\insrsid14776484  "Turstin" in 1121: }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 165 no. 1295.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab BELONGING TO THE HALL. The }{\i\insrsid14776484 ad}{\insrsid14776484  probably does not describe so much the physical position as the tenurial relationship, being perhaps an ellipsis for }{\i\insrsid14776484 pertinentes ad}{
\insrsid14776484  ('belonging to'). The phrase is equivalent to }{\i\insrsid14776484 in dominio}{\insrsid14776484  ('in lordship'), the land of the 'home farm' often lying near the lord's residence.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab 2 HIDES. On the sporadic inclusion in Huntingdonshire of the amount of land held in lordship, see \{Introduction: Lordship Land\}.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab VILLAGERS HAVE 13 PLOUGHS; AND MEADOW, 80 ACRES. The Latin accusative }{\i\insrsid14776484 acras}{\insrsid14776484  here (as in 1,9)
 implies that the meadow belonged to the villagers, but it may be a scribal error. In the Phillimore printed translation there is a full-stop after 'ploughs' and a new sentence for the meadow; the Alecto edition puts a comma after the ploughs . Compare 5,
2 meadow note and 20,5 meadow note. Compare also DBY 1,12 meadow note and NTT 1,2 meadow note.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid14776484 \tab RANULF BROTHER OF ILGER. See HUN 24 Ranulf note, and, on the names Ranulf and Ilger, see 1,1 Ranulf note.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab ^[KING EDWARD HELD IT]^. D22 records that [Great] Gidding was an outlier of Alconbury }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 T.R.E.}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  so Alconbury itself was presumably a royal manor then also.}{
\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 1,7\tab KEYSTON. This was an Ancient Parish. D20 records that Eustace the sheriff had diverted the revenue of this manor, using as justification that Aelfric the
 sheriff had resided there and thus boldly claiming it as part of the shrievalty. His claim was unsuccessful, as it remained in the hands of the king: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 614; }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Feudal Aids}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 468; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , iii. p. 70.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab PASTURABLE WOODLAND IN [VARIOUS] PLACES. The Latin is }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 silue pastilis per loca}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
. For the interpretation of the phrase 'pasturable woodland', see 1,1 woodland note. In the Phillimore printed edition the present phrase is translated as 'woodland pasture in various places' a
nd in the Alecto edition as 'woodland, pasture in places'. The addition of }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 per loca }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ('throughout the area') is potentially ambiguous. It could be read closely with }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 silua}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  ('woodland in places') meaning there is woodland scattered over the estate rather than in a single block, or with }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 pastilis}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
 ('pasturable in places') which does not say whether the wood is in one place or dispersed, but means that some of the wood is too dense to allow grass to grow and grazing to take place. If the first meaning was intended
 the scribe could have supported the phrase with a participle: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 silua pastilis per loca dispersa }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
('pasturable woodland scattered over the area [of the manor]'). For the second meaning ('pasturable in places') the order }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 silua per loca pastilis}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  would have bee
n clearer, though too much reliance cannot be placed on word order. However, if this is the correct interpretation, the }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 per loca}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  is really unnecessary, as }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 silua pastilis}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  itself implies exactly what }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 per loca}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  is supposed to mean.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab In virtually every case it seems that the meaning 'pasturable woodland in [various] places' is more probably the correct one. Although }{\i\insrsid14776484 per loca}{\insrsid14776484  may be ambiguous with }{
\i\insrsid14776484 silua pastilis}{\insrsid14776484  it was also used of other resources by the scribe. Thus YKS 4N1: }{\i\insrsid14776484 xxvi acrae prati per loca}{\insrsid14776484  ('meadow, 26 acres in [various] places'); YKS 6N2: }{
\i\insrsid14776484 sunt prata per aliqua loca}{\insrsid14776484  ('there are meadows in some places'); YKS C22: }{\i\insrsid14776484 haec non fuit hospitata T.R.E. sed per loca culta a burgensibus}{\insrsid14776484 
 ('this [land] was not inhabited before 1066 but cultivated in places by the burgesses'). An alternative to the use of }{\i\insrsid14776484 per loca}{\insrsid14776484  would be}{\i\insrsid14776484  in aliqubus locis}{\insrsid14776484 
 ('in some places'); a similar phrase is found in GLS 3,5: }{\i\insrsid14776484 In quibusdam locis pratum 7 silua, sed non multa}{\insrsid14776484  ('meadow and woodland in certain places, but not much'). The phrase }{\i\insrsid14776484 per loca}{
\insrsid14776484  is also used with }{\i\insrsid14776484 silua}{\insrsid14776484  but without }{\i\insrsid14776484 pastilis}{\insrsid14776484  and with a consequent lack of ambiguity: YKS 1Y15 }{\i\insrsid14776484 silua per loca}{\insrsid14776484 
 ('woodland in [various] places'); YKS 9W48 }{\i\insrsid14776484 silua minuta per loca}{\insrsid14776484  ('underwood in [various] places'). Thus the woodland is scattered over the surface of the manor. Dimensions are often given in acres or in }{
\i\insrsid14776484 x}{\insrsid14776484  furlongs or leagues by }{\i\insrsid14776484 y}{\insrsid14776484  furlongs or leagues, as here, but this merely indicates that any single square of pasturable woodland (as well as plain woodland) that Domes
day surveys is an agglomeration of several pieces of woodland, often including that of outliers and jurisdictions. This must often have been the case even in the absence of }{\i\insrsid14776484 per loca}{\insrsid14776484 . At LIN 35,14, the scribe used }{
\i\insrsid14776484 silua}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 pastilis}{\insrsid14776484  and }{\i\insrsid14776484 silua pastilis per loca}{\insrsid14776484  in the same entry: }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Silua pastilis i leugam longa 7 x quarentinas lata. Extra hanc adhuc cc acrae siluae pastilis per loca}{\insrsid14776484 
 ('Pasturable woodland 1 league long and 10 furlongs wide. Besides this, a further 200 acres of pasturable woodland in [various] places
'). The obvious interpretation of this is that there is one large block of pasturable woodland (measured in leagues and furlongs) and various scattered pieces lumped together as 200 acres. In the previous entry (LIN 35,13) there is }{\i\insrsid14776484 
silua vii quarentinas longa 7 v quarentinas et dimidiam lata}{\insrsid14776484 .}{\i\insrsid14776484  Extra hanc 7 cc 7 quater xx acrae siluae pastilis per loca}{\insrsid14776484  ('woodland 7 furlongs long and 5 \'bd
 furlongs wide. Besides this, pasturable woodland in [various] places, 280 acres'). There, the first wood is not pasturable, but the same overall interpretation will apply.
\par \tab \tab Support for the meaning 'pasturable woodland in [various] places' is given in the phrasing used in two Lincolnshire entries (LIN 56,11;18) which are duplicated by two entries in 'Roteland' (RUT 2,7;13): the two 'Roteland' entries have }{
\i\insrsid14776484 silua pastilis per loca}{\insrsid14776484 , the Lincolnshire entries simply }{\i\insrsid14776484 silua pastilis}{\insrsid14776484 . The account of these entries probably derives from two separate county inquests (see RUT \{
Introduction: Duplicate Entries\}) and it is possible that those 
responsible for writing up the results of the 'Roteland' inquest were being more specific than those writing up the results of the Lincolnshire one. Alternatively, in the sources used by the main scribe of Great Domesday for circuit VI (possibly, but not 
necessarily, a circuit volume) the phrase }{\i\insrsid14776484 silua pastilis per loca}{\insrsid14776484 
 was routinely used for woodland (and perhaps meadow and pasture as well) to indicate that these resources were each dispersed on the ground but that their extents had been added together for 
the purposes of Domesday valuations. The Domesday scribe, possibly unaware of the significance and under pressure to shorten, may have eliminated many (but not all) occurrences of }{\i\insrsid14776484 per loca}{\insrsid14776484 .}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab A single phrase in Yorkshire (YKS 5W8) may involve the meaning 'pasturable in places'. The Latin is }{\i\insrsid14776484 silua per loca pastilis, per loca inutilis}{\insrsid14776484 
 ('woodland pasturable in places, unusable in places'). Again, too much reliance should not be placed on word order, but what is significant in the YKS example is the repetition of }{\i\insrsid14776484 per loca }{\insrsid14776484 which is not otiose.}{
\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\lang1036\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp1036\insrsid14776484 \tab RANULF BROTHER OF ILGER. See HUN 24 Ranulf note, and on the names Ranulf and Ilger, see 1,1 Ranulf note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 1,8\tab BRAMPTON. This was an Ancient Parish. It remained in royal hands until granted in 1194 to Lambert }{\i\insrsid14776484 de Colonia}{\insrsid14776484  (of 
Cologne, Germany); then to David, Earl of Huntingdonshire, in 1203. It was a royal manor again later and contained }{\i\insrsid14776484 Houlton}{\insrsid14776484  ('Woodhoughton', lost: }{\i\insrsid14776484 Place-names of Huntingdonshire}{
\insrsid14776484 , p. 235). It was coupled with }{\i\insrsid14776484 Liminge}{\insrsid14776484  (Lymage TL1367; see 1,6 Alconbury note) in the }{\i\insrsid14776484 Nomina Villarum}{\insrsid14776484 
 of 1316; see the Red Book of the Exchequer (Hall, p. 528); }{\i\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 607; }{\i\insrsid14776484 Feudal Aids}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. pp. 468, 471; }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\insrsid14776484  }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , iii. p. 13.
\par }{\i\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab }{\insrsid14776484 This had probably been an important royal manor. In 1106 x 1125 the Abbot of Ramsey was asked to show that none of his predecessors had owed service to Brampton: the Ramsey Chronicle (Macray, p. 278); }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. pp. 196, 199 nos. 1438a, 1456. This suggests some ancient link between Brampton and one of the abbot's manors, possibly Ellington (6,26) which was adjacent.
\par }{\i\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab }{\insrsid14776484 A claim that the land was in the king's forest is mentioned in D24. Certainly in later times the forests of Weybridge (TL1873) and Harthay (TL1771) were appurtenant to it: }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{
\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , iii. p. 19. The manors of Alconbury and Brampton could thus have been connected by a tract of royal forest. Notifications were issued from Weybridge fores
t in 1102 and 1110 concerning land in 'Hurst' (6,7), Stukeley (6,1) and Ellington (6,26): }{\i\insrsid14776484 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 79 no. 574, p. 97 nos. 966-67.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab A CHURCH. The church later became prebendal to Lincoln Cathedral: }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , iii. p. 19.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid14776484 \tab RANULF BROTHER OF ILGER. See 1,1 Ranulf note and HUN 24 Ranulf note.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 1,9\tab GRAFHAM. This was an Ancient Parish. In 1086 it was a dependant estate, possibly of Brampton, more likely of 'Leightonstone' Hundred itself (see 1,9 jurisdicton note). Eustace the sheriff held \'bd
 hide there in 19,22 where it is not said to be either a manor or a jurisdiction. It was possibly part of these 5 hides. Later Eustace seems to have encroached on more, for he or his successors held more than \'bd hide here. It seems that bot
h parts may have descended to the Lovetots, though the manor was later divided into equal parts held by the honour of Gloucester (granted from royal land) and the Abbot of Sawtry (a Lovetot fee deriving from Eustace). It is not clear whether the king ulti
mately asserted his claim, or whether he had managed to retain some land here throughout. See }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 623; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , iii. p. 61.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab JURISDICTION IN 'LEIGHTONSTONE' HUNDRED. For the formula, see 1,3 hundred note. The phrase may su
ggest that Grafham was not or was no longer attached to Brampton (1,8) or that it had been moved from one hundred to another. It may once have been in Toseland Hundred, for as a part of 'Leightonstone' (in 1086 and later; see 19,22) it forms an unnatural 
southerly projection and the hundred boundary would much more naturally follow the line where Grafham and Ellington parishes meet. In 19,22 it is clearly either in 'Leightonstone' Hundred or Kimbolton Hundred.
\par \tab \tab Previously in circuit VI the main scribe of Great Domesday had identified the members of a multiple estate by including }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 S}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 oca}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ] and }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 B}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 erewica}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ] for jurisdictions and outliers in the margin next to the entries immediately following a manorial }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 caput}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  (identified by a marginal }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 M}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ). In Domesday Huntingdonsh
ire this only occurs with Kimbolton (see 13,1 Kimbolton note) and to a lesser extent in 6,18 where the jurisdiction of land in Hemingford Grey is in Hemingford Abbots (6,17). Elsewhere in this county, however, the scribe clearly indicated that the jurisdi
ction (signalled by a marginal }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 S}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ) lay in another manor or hundred, not in the preceding manor as might be expected, as here and in 19,4;7;15;17-20. See 19,5 Stilton note.
\par }{\cf1\insrsid14776484 \tab administrative units/Hundred>}{\cf1\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab FREEMEN\'85 VILLAGERS\'85 AND MEADOW. See 1,6 villagers note. The Latin case of the pasturable woodland, however, is nominative and so the Freemen and villagers did not have it too.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 {\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab VALUE \'85 \'a3
5; NOW 10s LESS. This corrects the Phillimore printed edition of Huntingdonshire; see the Additions and Corrections: Huntingdonshire at the end of the Phillimore edition of Staffordshire.}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 {\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 
^[KING EDWARD HELD IT]^. As there is no indication of a change in the status of Grafham, it was presumably in King Edward's jurisdiction in 'Leightonstone' Hundred }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 T.R.E.}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ; see 1,9 jurisdiction note.}{
\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 1,10\tab 
[TOSELAND? HUNDRED]. The hundred head at 1,6 would appear to place this entry in 'Leightonstone' Hundred. Were that the case, Godmanchester would sever Toseland Hundred into two parts and prevent a junction of three hundreds at the borough of 
Huntingdon. The natural boundary between the hundreds at this point would be the River Ouse. Godmanchester is in Toseland Hundred in later times (see, for example, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Feudal Aids}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, ii. p. 472). Godmanchester's inclusion in Toseland Hundred would reduce the total of 'Leightonstone' Hundred to 200 hides and increase that of Toseland to 214 hides; see \{Introduction: Hidage\}
. On the other hand, a royal manor in Toseland Hundred has already been entered at 1,5, and there is no sign that 1,10 is a later entry in the 
text of Great Domesday, though it could have been misplaced in a predecessor document. The reason for the entry here being out of sequence is probably that Ranulf brother of Ilger gave a return for those manors of which he had custody (1,1-2; 5-8, and see
 HUN 1 land note) whereas 1,10 was supplied from a different source, for example by a royal reeve.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 
GODMANCHESTER. It was built on the site of a Roman settlement guarding the southern end of the crossing of the River Ouse; see \{Introduction: History\}; Green
, 'Godmanchester'. A church and 3 hides here had been granted by King Edgar to Ramsey Abbey in 969 (the Ramsey Chronicle (Macray, pp. 47-48); }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, p. 232 no. 312) but were taken back by him in exchange for Wistow (6,4): the Ramsey Chronicle (Macray, pp. 48-49); }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, p. 232 no. 313. It continued as royal land: the Red Book of the Exchequer (Hall, p. 528); }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , i. p. 591, ii. p. 666; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Feudal Aids}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, ii. p. 472. It became a self-governing Liberty by charter of 1212 and was a free borough from 1604: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. pp. 287-90.}{
\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 14 HIDES\'85 57 PLOUGHS. This manor, like other royal estates, appears to have had its tax liability reduced.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 2 HIDES. See \{Introduction: Lordship Land\}.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab AND 16 SMALLHOLDERS. This was a slightly later interlineation by the main scribe of Great Domesday.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab A CHURCH. This was a superior church, possibly a minster, in view of the grant of land mentioned above.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab FROM PASTURE 20s. See 1,1 woodland note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab FROM THE MEADOWS 70s. This indicates that the amount of meadow exceeded the needs of the plough oxen, leaving some hay to be sold, or the grass grazed for profit.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 2\tab 
LAND OF THE BISHOP OF LINCOLN. Bishop Remigius; he was consecrated in 1067. The Bishop of Lincoln is given as the }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 T.R.E.}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
 holder of 2,1-4. This is an anachronism, since the Bishop of Dorchester-on-Thames, the correct }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 T.R.E. }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
holder, was not authorized to move his see to Lincoln until 1072. Similarly land is sometimes credited to the 'Bishop of Chester' in 1066, although the move from Lichfield did not take place until the Conqueror's reign.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab It is evident from Domesday that some of the lands of the new bishopric (2,1-4) had formerly been held by the bishops of Dorchester-on-Thames. The Bishop of Lincoln s
eems to have been allowed to keep all the lands of the former bishopric in several counties, but in Huntingdonshire and elsewhere this endowment was amplified by estates that had been in lay hands in 1066 (2,5-9).
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab The entries in this fief are arranged by hundreds as follows:
\par \tab 2,1-4 Toseland Hundred
\par \tab 2,5-7 Normancross Hundred
\par \tab 2,8-9 'Leightonstone' Hundred.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab In some other fiefs, lands in Normancross Hundred are entered first; see \{Introduction: Standard Order of Hundreds\}
. It is likely that this unusual sequence reflects the division between 'old' and 'new' lands mentioned in the previous paragraph here.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 2,1\tab WEALD. It lay in Eynesbury Ancient Parish, in that detached part that became the civil parish of Eynesbury Hardwicke
 in the nineteenth century. The detachment was caused by the development of part of Eynesbury into the parish of St Neots (28,1). In Great Domesday, Weald seems to be represented by }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Cotes}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, identified by JRM without supporting evidence as Cotton. This latte
r lay in Offord D'Arcy and is represented by Cotton Farm (TL2364) and Offord Cotton Lodge at TL238637, just north of Toseland Wood, on the first series Ordnance Survey one-inch map sheet 52 of 1835 (reprinted as sheet 53 in 1970), now beneath a disused ai
rfield. However, Cotton was probably accounted for in Great Domesday under Offord D'Arcy itself, whereas the present 2 hides together with the 4 hides of }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Cotes}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
 (Caldecote: 20,5) coupled with Eynesbury (of which the second }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Cotes}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  is said to be a dependency) make a 15-hide unit. }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Cotes }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
is a plural word and one 'cot' seems to have been known as Weald, where 1 hide was held from the Bishop of Lincoln in }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 671; see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 276. Another part of Weald seems to have been he
ld by Alan, Countess Judith's steward: 20,6 steward note. The deserted site of 'Weald village' is marked at TL230596 on the Ordnance Survey 1:50,000.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab THE BISHOP OF LINCOLN HAD. That is, the Bishop of Dorchester-on-Thames; see HUN 2 bishop note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 2 OXEN. Farley omitted the figure }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ii}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , which is faint but legible in the manuscript, in the Ordnance Survey facsimile and here. The Alecto facsimile does not reproduce anything after }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 hn'tes}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 . It is possible that 2 ploughs are meant.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab "TURSTIN". It is not clear what n
ame is represented by the Domesday form of this 1086 holder, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Turstin}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ]. The name is not mentioned in Forssner, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
Continental-Germanic Personal Names in England}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 . Dauzat, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Dictionnaire des Noms et Pr\'e9noms de France}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , states that }{\lang1036\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp1036\insrsid14776484 
Tostain, Toustain are the archaic forms of the Norman names }{\i\lang1036\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp1036\insrsid14776484 Totain}{\lang1036\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp1036\insrsid14776484 ,}{\i\lang1036\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp1036\insrsid14776484  Toutain}{
\lang1036\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp1036\insrsid14776484 , deriving from the Nordic baptismal name }{\i\lang1036\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp1036\insrsid14776484 Thor-steinn}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 . Thorsteinn is the Old Norse form of the Old Danish }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Thorsten}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , used here for the }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 T.R.E.}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  holders (called Thurstan in the printed Phillimore edition), but has co
me into England by a different route, not directly from Scandinavia, but via Normandy, though retaining the medial }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 -r-}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
. The printed Phillimore edition has Thurstan, but this has been altered here to "Turstin". The Alecto edition generally has Turstin for the 1086 holders, though Thorsten for STS 12,31.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 2,2\tab [GREAT] STAUGHTON. This was an Ancient Parish. The Domesday form }{\i\insrsid14776484 Tochestone}{\insrsid14776484  stands apart from other early forms: }{\i\insrsid14776484 Stoctun}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Stoltun}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Stoghton}{\insrsid14776484  etc. }{\i\insrsid14776484 Place-names of}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 
, p. 267, does not comment on the form in Great Domesday and it is not clear if it is a mangled form of }{\i\insrsid14776484 Stoctun}{\insrsid14776484 
 etc. or an alternative name; see D19 Easton note. Great Staughton is possibly the estate mentioned in 989 as left by the will of Aelfhelm Polga to Leofsige and his wife: Sawyer, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\insrsid14776484 , no. 1487 (= }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 31 no. 24). If so, it descended to the widow Leofgifu who gave it with Dillington (6,20) and Yelling (6,15) to Ramsey Abbey; see }{\i\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eas
tern England}{\insrsid14776484 
, p. 238 no. 326; the Ramsey Chronicle (Macray, p. 199). Certainly, an estate at Staughton was confirmed on Ramsey by the 'charters' of King Edgar, of Edward the Confessor and of Pope Alexander III in 1178: the Ramsey Chronicle (Macray, p. 136); see }{
\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 356; and HUN 6 Ramsey note. Nonetheless, the estate was held }{\i\insrsid14776484 T.R.E.}{\insrsid14776484  and }{\i\insrsid14776484 T.R.W.}{
\insrsid14776484  and as late as 1612 by the Bishop of Lincoln or his predecessors. It included }{\i\insrsid14776484 Blaysworth}{\insrsid14776484  ('Blasworth', lost: }{\i\insrsid14776484 Place-names of}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 269) and }{\i\insrsid14776484 Mora}{\insrsid14776484  (Staughton Moor, TL1261); see }{\i\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 680; }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\insrsid14776484  }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. pp. 357, 365.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab THE BISHOP OF LINCOLN HAD. That is, the Bishop of Dorchester-on-Thames; see HUN 2 bishop note.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab 2 \'bd PLOUGHS. There is no adjacent holding with \'bd plough; but }{\i\insrsid14776484 7 dimid'}{\insrsid14776484  may have been omitted from the villagers' ploughs.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab 4 SMALLHOLDERS. In the manuscript}{\i\insrsid14776484  iiii}{\insrsid14776484  was a later interlineation by the main scribe of Great Domesday above }{\i\insrsid14776484 v.}{\insrsid14776484 
 which he then underlined for deletion. The deletion line was not misplaced (}{\i\insrsid14776484 pace}{\insrsid14776484 , JRM) but was written below the whole of the }{\i\insrsid14776484 v.}{\insrsid14776484 
, though it is naturally fainter at the right-hand end.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab EUSTACE [* THE SHERIFF *]. See B10 Eustace note, and on the name Eustace, see B1 Eustace note.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab THE ABBOT OF RAMSEY CLAIMS THIS MANOR. See 2,2 Staughton note. There is nothing in the}{\i\insrsid14776484  }{\insrsid14776484 Declarations concerning this claim. See Fleming, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Domesday Book and the Law}{
\insrsid14776484 , p. 176 no. 825.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 2,3\tab DIDDINGTON. This was an Ancient Parish. For the name-form,}{\i\insrsid14776484  }{\insrsid14776484 consistently }{\i\insrsid14776484 Dodintone}{\insrsid14776484  (as in Great Domesday) or }{\i\insrsid14776484 Dudinton'}{
\insrsid14776484  in the Middle Ages, see }{\i\insrsid14776484 Place-names of}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 
, p. 254. The land continued to be held by the bishops of Lincoln after 1086 and the manor was known as 'Littleburys' or 'Gimbers': }{\i\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 685; }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\insrsid14776484  }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 270.
\par }{\i\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab }{\insrsid14776484 The two holdings at Diddington (2,3. 20,9) together with Eustace's land at Southoe (19,29) formed a 10-hide unit.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab THE BISHOP OF LINCOLN HAD. That is, the Bishop of Dorchester-on-Thames; see HUN 2 bishop note.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab CHURCH ... MEADOW. All the detail concerning the church and the meadow was a later interlineation by the main scribe of Great Domesday.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab WILLIAM. On this name, see B10 William note.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 2,4\tab BUCKDEN. This was an Ancient Parish. This large manor of Buckden cum Stirtloe (the latter at TL1966) continued to be held by the bishops of Lincoln, and a palace built there became their seat: }{\i\insrsid14776484 Feudal Aids}{
\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 472; }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 260.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab THE BISHOP OF LINCOLN HAD. That is, the Bishop of Dorchester-on-Thames; see HUN 2 bishop note.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 2,5\tab DENTON. This was an Ancient Parish.}{\i\insrsid14776484  }{\insrsid14776484 The land continued as part of the bishopric after 1086: }{\i\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\insrsid14776484 , i. p. 196; }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Feudal Aids}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 473; }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , iii. p. 151.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab GODRIC. The Domesday forms of this name - }{\i\insrsid14776484 Godric(us}{\insrsid14776484 ), }{\i\insrsid14776484 Goddric}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Gadric}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Codricus}{
\insrsid14776484  - represent Old English }{\i\insrsid14776484 Godric}{\insrsid14776484 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid14776484 , pp. 266-69. The Alecto edition has Godric.}{\insrsid16282231 

\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab A PRIEST. According to }{\i\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 658, the rector of Denton had held \'bd virgate of land here in alms from ancient times.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab "TURSTIN". On this name, see 2,1 "Turstin" note.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 2,6\tab ORTON [WATERVILLE]. This was an Ancient Parish.}{\i\insrsid14776484  }{\insrsid14776484 This holding of 3 hides and 1 virgate may well have been once part of a major royal estate; see 1,2 Botolph note and \{Introduction: Mano
rial Organization\}
. The holdings that formed Orton Longueville and Orton Waterville (probably once a single estate) amounted to 30 hides. Other parts were held in 1086 by Peterborough Abbey (8,3-4) and Eustace the sheriff (19,4;6-7), though one of these (1
9,4) was said to be 'a jurisdiction of the king in Normancross [Hundred]'. From the 30-hide estate evolved two separate 'villages': Orton Waterville or Cherry Orton (see }{\i\insrsid14776484 Place-names of}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , pp. 193-94), divided between Peterborough Abbey and the Bishop of Lincoln, and Orton Longueville, which consisted of at least two of Eustace's holdings (19,4 Orton note).
\par }{\i\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab }{\insrsid14776484 The present 3 hides were granted by King Edward the Confessor to the Bishop of Dorchester-on-Thames and continued with his successors from 1072, the bishops of Lincoln, despite the king's claim (D29): }{
\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , i. pp. 341, 355, iii. p. 200; }{\i\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\insrsid14776484 , i. p. 196, ii. p. 638; }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Early Charters of Eastern England}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 35 no. 37.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid14776484 \tab LEOFRIC. }{\insrsid14776484 The Domesday forms of this name - }{\i\insrsid14776484 Leuric}{\insrsid14776484 (}{\i\insrsid14776484 us}{\insrsid14776484 ), }{\i\insrsid14776484 Leuuric}{
\insrsid14776484 (}{\i\insrsid14776484 us}{\insrsid14776484 ), }{\i\insrsid14776484 Leofricus}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Lefric}{\insrsid14776484 (}{\i\insrsid14776484 us}{\insrsid14776484 ), }{\i\insrsid14776484 Leofuriz}{\insrsid14776484 
, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Lefriz}{\insrsid14776484  etc. - represent Old English }{\i\insrsid14776484 Leofric}{\insrsid14776484 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid14776484 
, pp. 313-15. The Alecto edition has Leofric.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab LAND FOR 2 PLOUGHS AND 1 OX. The solitary ox-land joins three in 19,4 and two each at 8,3-4 to make a ploughland (assuming eight oxen to a plough; see 1,3 oxen note).}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab JOHN <OF ORTON>. He was probably the same as the John in 2,7 and 19,4-5: Keats-Rohan,}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  Domesday People}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 284.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab The Domesday forms of John - }{\i\insrsid14776484 Iohannes/Johannes}{\insrsid14776484  (often abbreviated as }{\i\insrsid14776484 Joh's}{\insrsid14776484 )}{\i\insrsid14776484  }{\insrsid14776484 
- are the usual Latinization of the Hebrew }{\i\insrsid14776484 Johanan}{\insrsid14776484 : Reaney, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Dictionary of British Surnames}{\insrsid14776484 , under John etc. John is the English form of the name. The Alecto edition has John.}
{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab THE KING CLAIMS. See D29. The marginal }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 K}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  (for }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 kalumnia}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  or}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  kalumpnia}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ,}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 'claim') refers to this. There are four other occurrences of a marginal }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 K}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
 in Domesday Huntingdonshire (2,9. 6,3;7-8) and one of a marginal }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 d}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  (20,3; see 20,3 marginal note) which indicate matters of dispute. On these and the similar marginal }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 A}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , see Thorn, 'Marginal Notes and Signs', p. 124 (= Erskine and Williams, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 The Story of Domesday Book}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , pp. 188-90). See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 176 no. 826.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 2,7\tab STILTON. This was an Ancient Parish. The entry unusually records the grant made }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 T.R.E.}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  to the bishop. The land continued as part of the bishopric: }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , i. p. 196; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Feudal Aids}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 473; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , iii. p. 224. See 1,3 Stilton note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab TOVI. The Domesday forms of this name - }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Toui}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Toui}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ], }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Toue}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Touui}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Thou}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ], }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Touet}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  - represent Old Danish }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Tovi}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , Old Norse }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Tofi}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , pp. 384-85. The Alecto edition has Tovi.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab JOHN <OF ORTON>. He was probably the same as the John in 2,6 and 19,4-5; Keats-Rohan,}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  Domesday People}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 284. On the name John, see 2,6 John note.}{
\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab BISHOP [WULFWY]. }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Vluuino}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  (dative) in the manuscript, which would normally represent Old English }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Wulfwine}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, is an error for }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Wluuio}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  or the indeclinable }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Wluui}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , representing Old English }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Wulfwig}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
. Wulfwy was Bishop of Dorchester-on-Thames and died in 1067. Under his successor, Remigius, authority was given to transfer the see to Lincoln in 1072 (JRM/CT). See Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, p. 176 no. 827.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 2,8\tab IN ... HAD. This was written by the main scribe of Great Domesday over an erasure.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab LEIGHTON [BROMSWOLD]. This was an Ancient Parish.}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
This land, granted by Earl Waltheof to Bishop Remigius 'through [King] William's hand', was given at Remigius' request by King William to St Mary's of Lincoln, and continued within the lands of the bishopric: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
VCH Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , i. p. 327, iii. p. 87; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Monasticon Anglicanum}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , viii. p. 1296; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, no. 177, pp. 587-89. It contained the hamlet of }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Salene}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  or }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Salewe }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 (Salome [Lodge], TL1277; see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Place-names of}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 246): }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 617; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Feudal Aids}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 472. Leighton Bromswold contained the moot-site of the hundred of 'Leightonstone' and had perhaps once been a royal manor; see \{Introduction: Manorial Organization\}.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab THORKIL THE DANE. He was also known as Thorkil of Harringworth and had held land
 in Conington and Sawtry which passed to Countess Judith (20,1-2). He was an important thane who also held land in Northamptonshire (including Harringworth, which gave him his byname). He may well be the Thorkil who held land in Lincolnshire }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 T.R.E.}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  His wif
e Thurgunt had left his estate at Sawtry (which is said by Domesday to have been held by 'Thorkil') to Ramsey Abbey; see 20,2 Sawtry note. He apparently joined the rebellion of Hereward the Wake: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Monasticon Anglicanum}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 604. On the man, see Hart, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Danelaw}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , pp. 636-40. On the name Thorkil, see B12 Thorkil note.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab As Conington and Sawtry passed to Countess Judith, widow of Earl Waltheof, and the latter gave Leighton Bromswold to Bishop Remigius (2,8 Leighton note), it is possible that Thorkil held these 
lands from Earl Waltheof; see HUN 20 Judith note.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab \'bd PLOUGH. The nearest other half-plough appears to be at Catworth (13,4), but there is also 1 ox there which may be connected to the 5 oxen at Kimbolton (13,1; see 13,1 oxen note).}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab EARL WALTHEOF. His fath
er Siward was Earl of Northumbria and of Huntingdonshire and of some neighbouring counties, probably including Northamptonshire. On Siward's death in 1055, Waltheof was too young, so Northumbria, Huntingdonshire and Northamptonshire went to his brother-in
-law Tosti. The northern revolt in 1065 against Tosti's harsh rule led to Huntingdonshire and Northamptonshire being given to Waltheof, while Northumbria went to Morcar, }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 the son of Earl Algar }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
and his wife Aelfeva, grandson of Earl Leofric and Countess (Lady) Godiva and brother of Earl Edwin}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 .}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
 Waltheof married William the Conqueror's niece, Countess Judith. In 1075 he plotted with Earl Ralph (of Ga\'ebl, also known as Earl Ralph Wader) of Norfolk and Suffolk, who was married to the daughter of Earl William (son o
f Osbern) and with Earl Roger of Breteuil and of Hereford (son of Earl William). After the capture of Earl Roger by King William, Earl Waltheof went abroad and admitted his treason, returning to England when King William seemed to regard it lightly. Howev
er he was imprisoned and subsequently beheaded (on May 31st 1075).
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid1007240 \tab }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab The Domesday forms of his Christian name - }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Wallef}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Waltef}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ,}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
 Walteif}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Walteu}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  etc. - represent Old Norse }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Valthiofr}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , Anglo-Scandinavian }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 W\'e6ltheof}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, p. 403. The earl, however, is commonly known as Waltheof and JRM kept to this. The Alecto edition also has Waltheof. According to von Feilitzen (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ibidem}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, note 1) all the instances of this name in Domesday refer to the earl.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab ST MARY'S OF LINC
OLN. This was the new cathedral church of Lincoln diocese, founded in 1072. For the grant, see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , pp. 587-90 nos. 177-78; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , i. p. 283 (where it is wrongly identified as Leighton Buzzard); }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Monasticon Anglicanum}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , viii. pp. 1296-97. See also Fleming, }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 176 no. 828.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 2,9\tab PERTENHALL. This was an Ancient Parish in Bedfordshire. Despite the absence of any designation as a manor or a jurisdiction and despite the disputed tenure 
(see 2,9 claim note) the lands continued to be held by the bishops of Lincoln, as part of Bedfordshire (see, for example, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Feudal Aids}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , i. pp. 5, 10; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Bedfordshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , iii. p. 153). The entry is somewhat mysterious in that in later times Pertenhall seems to
 have been larger, and divided: 2 virgates were held here from the Bishop of Lincoln, and a portion was held from the Earl of Hereford: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Feudal Aids}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, i. pp. 5, 10, 25-26. This might suggest that part of Pertenhall, if not simply omitted from Domesday Huntingdonshire or Bedfordshire, was included under Kimbolton in 1086 (13,1 Kimbolton note).}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\lang1036\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp1036\insrsid14776484 \tab ALWIN ^[DEVIL]^. }{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 The byname comes from D16. He is probably the same Alwin Devil who had held West Perry (19,30; see 19,30 Devil note) and he may also be the same as the Alwin who held part of Keysoe (29,2) in 1066 and 1086 (see 29,2 Keysoe note).

\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab The Domesday forms of the name-form Alwin - }{\i\insrsid14776484 Aluuin(us)}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Aluuine}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Aeluuin(us)}{\insrsid14776484 ,}{\i\insrsid14776484 
 Aeluin(us)}{\insrsid14776484 ,}{\i\insrsid14776484  Aluin(us), Eluuine, Eluuin(us), Eluinus}{\insrsid14776484  - could represent Old English }{\i\insrsid14776484 \'c6lfwine, }{\insrsid14776484 Old English }{\i\insrsid14776484 \'c6thelwine}{
\insrsid14776484 , Old English }{\i\insrsid14776484 Ealdwine}{\insrsid14776484  or even Old English }{\i\insrsid14776484 Ealhwine}{\insrsid14776484 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid14776484 
, pp. 158-60, under }{\i\insrsid14776484 Al-wine}{\insrsid14776484 , and see also p. 142, under }{\i\insrsid14776484 Al-}{\insrsid14776484 . JRM followed von Feilitzen in keeping to the base form, but preferred the second element -win to Old English }{
\i\insrsid14776484 -wine}{\insrsid14776484 , as it reflected the form of the majority of instances in Domesday. The Alecto edition has Alwine for those appearing under }{\i\insrsid14776484 Al-wine}{\insrsid14776484 
. Some of those called Alwin in the present edition appear under Old English }{\i\insrsid14776484 \'c6lfwine}{\insrsid14776484  in von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid14776484 
, p. 181, but the Domesday forms (}{\i\insrsid14776484 Aluuinus, Aluinus, Eluuius}{\insrsid14776484 ) do not contain the }{\i\insrsid14776484 -f- }{\insrsid14776484 or}{\i\insrsid14776484  \endash v-}{\insrsid14776484 
 that JRM thought was necessary for inclusion under that name. Some also appear under Old English }{\i\insrsid14776484 \'c6thelwine}{\insrsid14776484  in von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid14776484 
, pp. 190-91, but the Domesday forms (}{\i\insrsid14776484 Aeluuinus, Aluuine, Aluuin(us), Aluinus}{\insrsid14776484 ) do not contain the }{\i\insrsid14776484 -d-}{\insrsid14776484  or }{\i\insrsid14776484 -g-}{\insrsid14776484 
 which JRM thought was the requisite for inclusion under that name. In some of the Phillimore printed translations the forms Alwine and A(i)lwin appear, but these have now been standardized as Alwin.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab SITUATED IN BEDFORDSHIRE. No other portion is mentioned in the Domesday Bedfordshire folios and the statement could be topo
graphical rather than administrative: that is, it was a part of Huntingdonshire, but entirely surrounded by Bedfordshire.}{\i\insrsid14776484  }{\insrsid14776484 
Nonetheless, Pertenhall was administratively in Bedfordshire in the Middle Ages; see, for example, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Lay Subsidy Rolls}{\insrsid14776484  (1334), p. 4.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab THE KING'S OFFICERS CLAIM IT. The marginal }{\i\insrsid14776484 K}{\insrsid14776484  (for }{\i\insrsid14776484 kalumnia }{\insrsid14776484 or}{\i\insrsid14776484  kalumpnia,}{\insrsid14776484 
 'claim'; see 2,6 claims note) refers to this, as does D16 where the claim is asserted as fact. It is possible that Pertenhall had been a member of Kimbolton, whose lands were divided in 1086 by the county boundary. Kimbolton had been held by Earl Harold 
}{\i\insrsid14776484 T.R.E.}{\insrsid14776484 , but the king was claiming a part (13,1 Kimbolton note). Latin }{\i\insrsid14776484 ministri}{\insrsid14776484  refers in a general sense to Crown officials or servants. See also Fleming, }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 176 no. 829.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab FOR HIS USE. That is, for the king's use.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab WILLIAM\'85 PLOUGHS}{\i\insrsid14776484  }{\insrsid14776484 THERE. William is probably William of Warenne who had 5 ploughs in lordship at the nearby Kimbolton (13,1). On the name William, see B10 William note.}{\insrsid16282231 

\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab BISHOP REMIGIUS. The Domesday form, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Remigius}{\insrsid14776484  (often abbreviated, to }{\i\insrsid14776484 Remigi'}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Rem'}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Re'}{
\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 R.}{\insrsid14776484  etc.), is that of the saint, the Archbishop of Rheims (died in 533), who baptized Clovis I, King of the Franks (481-511). }{\i\insrsid14776484 Remigius}{\insrsid14776484 
 itself is a Latin adjective used substantively, meaning 'a man from Rheims' or 'a member of the }{\i\insrsid14776484 Remi}{\insrsid14776484 ', a Celtic tribe known to Julius Caesar, Remi (Rheims) also being the name of their }{\i\insrsid14776484 civitas}
{\insrsid14776484 -capital. See Dauzat, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Dictionnaire des Noms et Pr\'e9noms de France}{\insrsid14776484 , under }{\i\insrsid14776484 Remy}{\insrsid14776484 , the popular form of 
Remigius. In Domesday Book only Bishop of Remigius of Lincoln and Herbert son of Remigius appear with this name. The Alecto edition has Remigius for the bishop and fitzRemy for Herbert.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 3\tab LAND OF THE BISHOP OF COUTANCES. Geoffrey of 'Mowbray' was Bishop of Coutances 1049-1093 and also of Saint- L\'f4; he is sometimes named from the latter in Domesday Book. Both Coutances and Saint-L\'f4 are in the French d\'e9
partement of Manche. He was apparently named from Montbray (arrondissement Saint-L\'f4, canton Percy). Geoffrey
 fought at Hastings and was an important administrative and judicial supporter of King William, but he also rebuilt the cathedral of Coutances and reformed its see. In Domesday his fief is a personal holding, not a holding of his Norman bishopric. Robert 
of 'Mowbray', Earl of Northumberland (1080/1081-1095) may have been his nephew; it was to him that the English fief passed after Geoffrey\rquote s death, though it was forfeited for treason under William II.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab According to Roffe, 'Introduction', }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire Domesday}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 5, this fief was a later addition to the text, but the manuscript offers no evidence of this.
\par \tab \tab This fief consists of a single estate in 'Leightonstone' Hundred; the hundred head has had to be inserted.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 3,1\tab ['LEIGHTONSTONE' HUN
DRED]. Other parts of Hargrave occur in 19,13-14 in a group of places under a Kimbolton hundred head (19,11), which is assumed to be an occasional alternative name for 'Leightonstone' Hundred; see 13,1 hundred note and \{Introduction: Hundreds\}.}{
\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid14776484 \tab HARGRAVE. This was an Ancient Parish}{\i\insrsid14776484 
 }{\insrsid14776484 in Northamptonshire. In 1086, the vill was apparently divided between Huntingdonshire and Northamptonshire, where 1 \'bd hides of Hargrave, a jurisdiction of Higham Ferrers (NTH 35,15), was held under William Peverel by Eustace (pre
sumably the sheriff), the tenant-in-chief of other parts of Hargrave in Huntingdonshire (19,13-14); see }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Northamptonshire}{\insrsid14776484 
, iv. pp. 17-18. However, it is sometimes the case with jurisdictions that the actual county in which they lay is not recorded. Thus
 the whole of Hargrave could have been in Huntingdonshire in 1086, with the county boundary running down the western side of the parish. The date of Hargrave's transfer to Northamptonshire, where it now lies, is not recorded. The junction of the modern co
unty boundaries is marked by the Three Shires House of unknown date (TL0470).
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\i\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab }{\insrsid14776484 
The three Huntingdonshire holdings at Hargrave, amounting to 1 \'bd hides, when added to the adjacent Covington (17,1), make a 10-hide unit.
\par }{\i\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab }{\insrsid14776484 The present entry is not described as a manor, despite the marginal }{\i\insrsid14776484 M}{\insrsid14776484 
 in the Phillimore printed translation (corrected here). No later separate history has been traced. It may have merged with Eustace's holdings.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab SAEMER. The Domesday forms of this name - }{\i\insrsid14776484 Semar}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Semer}{\insrsid14776484 ,}{\i\insrsid14776484  Samar}{\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\insrsid14776484 us}{\insrsid14776484 ], }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Samar}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Saemar}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Semaer}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Semar}{\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\insrsid14776484 us}{\insrsid14776484 ] - represent Old English 
}{\i\insrsid14776484 S\'e6m\'e6r}{\insrsid14776484 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid14776484 , pp. 353-54. JRM preferred the second element -mer for Old English -}{\i\insrsid14776484 m\'e6r}{
\insrsid14776484 , as it reflected almost all the Domesday endings. The Alecto edition has S\'e6m\'e6r. This is the only occurrence of this name in Domesday Huntingdonshire.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab LAND FOR 2 OXEN. There was land for another 2 oxen on other land at Hargrave (19,13). There was also land for 1 \'bd ploughs at the same place (19,14). So the plough estimate for H
argrave was two (assuming there are 8 oxen to a ploughland; see 1,3 oxen note).}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab JURISDICTION IN 'LEIGHTONSTONE' [HUNDRED]. For the omission of the 'Hundred', see 1,3 hundred note. This piece of land like others is not in a manor-jurisdiction relationship,
 so its obligations are discharged at the hundred court, of which the king had the profits. In the case of Saemer, apparently, the Bishop of Coutances has the homage, but the king has the jurisdiction; see }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\insrsid14776484  }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , i. p. 328.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab HE PLOUGHS THERE WITH 2 OXEN. Clearly the team was shared, assuming that 2 oxen cannot pull a plough. The normal total of oxen per plough is eight. However, only 2 oxen (3,1), \'bd
 plough (19,13) and 1 plough (19,14) are mentioned on the estates at Hargrave, so it looks as if 2 oxen are missing.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab ^[KING EDWARD HELD IT]^. As there is no indication of a change in the status of Hargrave, it was presumably in King Edward's jurisdiction in 'Leightonstone' Hundred }{\i\insrsid14776484 T.R.E.}{\insrsid14776484 
; see 1,9 jurisdiction note. If so, Saemer would have held from King Edward.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 4\tab 
LAND OF ELY ABBEY. A Benedictine monastery, dedicated to St Etheldreda. The earliest foundation appears to have been by Etheldreda herself in 673, but the religious house was destroyed by the Danes in 870. It was re-founded by Bishop Aethel
wold of Winchester as a Benedictine abbey in 970 with 70 monks and substantially endowed by him with the consent and encouragement of King Edgar whose foundation charter dates from 970. The endowment grew between its foundation and 1086. The various grant
s to the abbey are tabulated in }{\i\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\insrsid14776484 , pp. 213-30. For the confirmation of Edward the Confessor, see }{\i\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\insrsid14776484 
, p. 34 no. 35 (= Sawyer, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\insrsid14776484 , no. 1051. A major source of information about the history of the abbey and its holdings is the }{\i\insrsid14776484 Liber Eliensis}{\insrsid14776484 
 and a fuller survey of the lands held by Ely Abbey in 1086 is included in the }{\i\insrsid14776484 Inquisitio Eliensis}{\insrsid14776484 .
\par \tab \tab A new see of Ely was founded in 1109 and the abbey became the cathedral priory. The abbey's former lands were divided between the new bishopric and the priory and some lands were given to the see of Lincoln in compensation.}{\insrsid16282231 

\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab The abbots during the period covered by Domesday Book were:
\par \tab \tab 1029-?1044 Leofsige
\par \tab \tab ?1044-?1066 Wulfric, possibly a relative of Edward the Confessor.
\par \tab \tab ?1066-1072/1073 Thurstan. A monk of Ely, appointed by Harold Godwinson, the\tab future king.
\par \tab \tab ?1073-1075/1076 Theodwine. A monk from Jumi\'e8ges, in Normandy.
\par \tab \tab During the ensuing vacancy the abbey was ministered by the monk Godfrey, later Abbot of Malmesbury (Wiltshire).
\par \tab \tab 1082-1093 Simeon, brother of Walkelin, Bishop of Winchester. He himself was prior}{\insrsid8127684  }{\insrsid14776484 of Winchester before being appointed to Ely.
\par \tab See Knowles, Brooke and London, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Heads of Religious Houses}{\insrsid14776484 , pp. 44-45.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab The five entries contained in this chapter in Great Domesday are found in greater detail and with some discrepancies in the main survey in the }{\i\insrsid14776484 Inquisitio Eliensis}{\insrsid14776484  (Hamilton, }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Inquisitio Eliensis}{\insrsid14776484 , pp. 166-67).}{\i\insrsid14776484  }{\insrsid14776484 Because of the repetition of the holder in each entry there, they appear to have been drawn (like the rest of this survey in the }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Inquisitio Eliensis}{\insrsid14776484 ) from a schedule that was arranged by hundreds and within them by vills, similar to the }{\i\insrsid14776484 Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis}{\insrsid14776484 . They are entered in the }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Inquisitio Eliensis}{\insrsid14776484  
in the order 'Leightonstone' Hundred 4,4-5; 'Hurstingstone' Hundred 4,1-3. Thus the order of hundreds is reversed, but the order within them is the same as in Great Domesday. The first four lands also appear in the }{\i\insrsid14776484 Inquisitio Eliensis
}{\insrsid14776484  Breviate (Hamilton, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Inquisitio Eliensis}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 169) but in the order Somersham, Colne, Bluntisham, Spaldwick (4,3;1-2;4); there is no account of Little Catworth (4,5). The main survey in the }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Inquisitio Eliensis}{\insrsid14776484  supplies additional details of population, livestock and dimensions for the five estates of Ely Abbey as they were when Abbot Thorsten held them (}{\i\insrsid14776484 c}{\insrsid14776484 
. 1066 to 1072/1073). In particular it contains the numbers of sheep and pigs, an overall extent in leagues 
for the manors and (if they are not accidental repeats) an attempt in the entries for Colne and Bluntisham to give a wealth of detail for three dates: }{\i\insrsid14776484 T.R.E.}{\insrsid14776484 
, when Abbot Simeon acquired the manors (on his appointment in 1082) and 1086, just as requested by the questions prefaced to the }{\i\insrsid14776484 Inquisitio Eliensis}{\insrsid14776484 
, but rarely evidenced in Great Domesday Book or in surviving 'satellite' texts. It also names the three outliers of Spaldwick. These entries are translated in full in the notes to the Great Domesday entries 4,1-5. Additional information in the }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Inquisitio Eliensis }{\insrsid14776484 Breviate}{\i\insrsid14776484  }{\insrsid14776484 and discrepancies between it and Great Domesday are given in the notes to the Great Domesday entries 4,1-4.
\par \tab \tab The entries in this fief are arranged by hundreds as follows:
\par \tab 4,1-3 'Hurstingstone' Hundred
\par \tab 4,4-5 ['Leightonstone' Hundred]}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 4,1\tab 'HURSTINGSTONE' HUNDRED. This was an unrubricated later addition by the main scribe of Great Domesday; see B21 section note.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab COLNE.}{\i\insrsid14776484  }{\insrsid14776484 This was a chapelry of Somersham. The manor was part of 
the foundation grant to Ely Abbey, confirmed by King Edgar. It was later regarded as part of the manor of Somersham (4,3). See the }{\i\insrsid14776484 Liber Eliensis }{\insrsid14776484 (Blake, p. 162); }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\insrsid14776484  }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 167.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab APART FROM THE 6 HIDES. On this later interlineation by the main scribe of Great Domesday recording the regular exemption in 'Hurstingstone' Hundred, see B21 section note.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab LAND FOR 2 PLOUGHS. Latin }{\i\insrsid14776484 terram}{\insrsid14776484  is accusative and }{\i\insrsid14776484 habuit}{\insrsid14776484  or }{\i\insrsid14776484 habebat}{\insrsid14776484 
 ('had') is understood from earlier in the entry. The present tense ('he has') is unlikely (}{\i\insrsid14776484 pace}{\insrsid14776484 
, JRM) as the 1086 detail starts after this phrase with 'Now in lordship'. All other occurrences of this phrase have the Latin }{\i\insrsid14776484 terram}{\insrsid14776484 .}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab THE }{\i\insrsid14776484 INQUISITIO ELIENSIS}{\insrsid14776484 . The main survey has a fuller version (Hamilton, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Inquisitio Eliensis}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 167):
\par }{\i\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab }{\insrsid14776484 'In }{\i\insrsid14776484 Colne }{\insrsid14776484 [Colne] Abbot }{\i\insrsid14776484 Turstinus}{\insrsid14776484 
 [Thorsten] [had] a manor. 6 hides taxable and 6 ploughs for ploughing and 129 villagers and 5 smallholders with 8 ploughs. The abbot himself [had] 2 ploughs, apart from the 6 hides. Now Abbot}{\i\insrsid14776484  Sy.}{\insrsid14776484 
 [Simeon] has [it] and [***]\'86
 2 ploughs and 30 sheep and 45 pigs and 13 villagers and 5 smallholders with 5 ploughs. Now he himself [has] 2 ploughs and 30 sheep and 45 pigs and 13 villagers and 5 smallholders with 5 ploughs, and 10 acres of meadow. Woodland pasture 1 league long and 
\'bd league wide. A marsh 1 league long and \'bd [a league] wide. The whole [is] 2 leagues in length and 1 league in breadth. Value before 1066 \'a36; now \'a35.'
\par }{\fs20\insrsid14776484 \tab \'86 There is }{\i\fs20\insrsid14776484 i.u}{\fs20\insrsid14776484  here with an abbreviation sign over the }{\i\fs20\insrsid14776484 u }{\fs20\insrsid14776484 in manuscripts A and B, and }{\i\fs20\insrsid14776484 v 7}{
\fs20\insrsid14776484  with an abbreviation sign over the }{\i\fs20\insrsid14776484 v}{\fs20\insrsid14776484  in manuscript C. The meaning is unclear.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab The }{\i\insrsid14776484 Inquisitio Eliensis }{\insrsid14776484 Breviate}{\i\insrsid14776484  }{\insrsid14776484 mentions 3 slaves (Hamilton, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Inquisitio Eliensis}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 169).}{\insrsid16282231 

\par }{\insrsid14776484 4,2\tab BLUNTISHAM. This was an Ancient Parish. According to the }{\i\insrsid14776484 Liber Eliensis}{\insrsid14776484 , this land had b
een held by Toli the Dane early in the tenth century, but some years after his death (at the battle of Tempsford in 917: Anglo-Saxon Chronicle), it was in the hands of a certain Wulfnoth from whom the land was purchased for Ely Abbey by Bishop Aethelweald
. However, this land was subsequently claimed (after the death of King Edgar in 975) by the sons of Boge of Hemingford, on the grounds that it should have belonged to their uncle Tope. Their claim was dismissed (see \{Introduction: History\}
, the land was con
firmed on Wulfnoth and re-acquired by Bishop Aethelweald in a new transaction. It remained with the abbey until the Dissolution, descending with Somersham (4,3). Two hides held by Alfsi Cilt had not been subject to forfeiture in 917. It is possible that t
hese became Hinton's manor in Bluntisham. Earith (TL3874) was part of Bluntisham's jurisdiction. See Blake, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Liber Eliensis}{\insrsid14776484 , pp. xi, 98-99, 162, 202, 300, 304, 331; }{\i\insrsid14776484 Taxatio Ecclesiastica}{
\insrsid14776484 , p. 51; }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. pp. 153, 154.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab LAND FOR 2 PLOUGHS. For the Latin }{\i\insrsid14776484 terram}{\insrsid14776484 , accusative, see 4,1 land note.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab THE }{\i\insrsid14776484 INQUISITIO ELIENSIS}{\insrsid14776484 . The main survey has a fuller version (Hamilton, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Inquisitio Eliensis}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 167):
\par }{\i\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab }{\insrsid14776484 'In }{\i\insrsid14776484 Bluntesham}{\insrsid14776484  [Bluntisham] Abbot }{\i\insrsid14776484 Torstin'}{\insrsid14776484  [Thorsten] had a manor of 6 \'bd
 hides taxable. 8 ploughs for ploughing and 20 villagers and 5 smallholders with 7 ploughs. He himself had 2 ploughs apart from the aforementioned hides. And now Abbot }{\i\insrsid14776484 Sy}{\insrsid14776484 
. [Simeon] has found 2 ploughs and 12 beasts and 60 sheep and 30 pigs and 10 villagers
 and 3 smallholders with 3 ploughs. Now he himself [has] 2 ploughs and 12 beasts and 60 sheep and 45 pigs and a church and a priest and 20 acres of meadow. Woodland pasture 1 league long and 4 furlongs in breadth. The whole 2 leagues long and 1 wide. Valu
e before 1066 \'a35; now \'a35.'}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab The }{\i\insrsid14776484 Inquisitio Eliensis }{\insrsid14776484 Breviate}{\i\insrsid14776484  }{\insrsid14776484 mentions 3 slaves (Hamilton, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Inquisitio Eliensis}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 169).}{\insrsid16282231 

\par }{\insrsid14776484 4,3\tab SOMERSHAM. This was an Ancient Parish. Granted with Spaldwick (4,4) in 991 under the will of Brihtnoth, Ealdorman of Essex, though Ra
msey Abbey expected the bequest. It encompassed Pidley (TL3377) and Fenton (TL3179). Subsequently Somersham grew into a manor with a jurisdiction comprising these two plus Colne, Bluntisham and Earith (4,1 Colne note and 4,2 Bluntisham note). See the }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Liber Eliensis }{\insrsid14776484 (Blake, pp. 162, 262, 422); the Ramsey Chronicle (Macray, pp. 116-17); }{\i\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 31 no. 25; }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{
\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. pp. 185, 224. A further member of Somersham was apparently Rowey ('rough island', TL335806) held under the abbey in 1279: }{\i\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{
\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 607; }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 186. On the creation of the bishopric of Ely, Somersham with its jurisdiction was transferred to it: }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Feudal Aids}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 468; }{\i\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\insrsid14776484 , i. p. 197, ii p. 605.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab LAND FOR 2 PLOUGHS. For the Latin }{\i\insrsid14776484 terram,}{\insrsid14776484  accusative, see 4,1 land note.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 {\cf1\insrsid14776484 \tab 3 FISHERIES. The Phillimore printed translation has 'fishponds', probably in an attempt to distinguish Latin }{
\i\cf1\insrsid14776484 piscina}{\cf1\insrsid14776484  from }{\i\cf1\insrsid14776484 piscaria}{\cf1\insrsid14776484 . These }{\i\cf1\insrsid14776484 piscinae}{\cf1\insrsid14776484  were probably on the River Ouse, and the words }{\i\cf1\insrsid14776484 
piscaria}{\cf1\insrsid14776484  and }{\i\cf1\insrsid14776484 piscina}{\cf1\insrsid14776484  appear interchangeable.}{\cf1\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 {\insrsid14776484 \tab THE }{\i\insrsid14776484 INQUISITIO ELIENSIS}{\insrsid14776484 . The main survey has a fuller version (Hamilton, }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Inquisitio Eliensis}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 167):
\par }{\i\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab }{\insrsid14776484 '}{\i\insrsid14776484 Sumresham }{\insrsid14776484 [Somersham]. Abbot }{\i\insrsid14776484 Torstinus }{\insrsid14776484 [Thorsten] [had] a manor of 8 hides taxable. 12 ploughs for
 ploughing and 28 villagers and 9 smallholders with 16 ploughs. He himself had 2 ploughs apart from the aforementioned hides. Abbot }{\i\insrsid14776484 Symon}{\insrsid14776484 
 [Simeon] found 2 ploughs and 10 beasts and 90 sheep and 40 pigs and 13 smallholders\'86 with 20 ploughs and 2 fisheries [
rendering] 8s and 20 acres of meadow. Woodland pasture 1 league long and 7 furlongs wide. The whole 3 leagues long and 1 league wide. Value before 1066 \'a37; now \'a38.'
\par }{\fs20\insrsid14776484 \tab \'86 Great Domesday Book has '9 smallholders' but also '32 villagers'. This latter may well have been a detail omitted in the extant copies of the}{\i\fs20\insrsid14776484  Inquisitio Eliensis}{\fs20\insrsid14776484 
 rather than a piece of information that arrived later in the Domesday process. However, the figures under Abbot Thorsten (28 villagers and 9 smallholders) are closer to the Domesday figures, so perhaps there was some confusion. The figures in the }{
\i\fs20\insrsid14776484 Inquisitio Eliensis }{\fs20\insrsid14776484 Breviate}{\i\fs20\insrsid14776484  }{\fs20\insrsid14776484 (see below) also suggest confusion.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab The information given in the }{\i\insrsid14776484 Inquisitio Eliensis }{\insrsid14776484 Breviate}{\i\insrsid14776484  }{\insrsid14776484 (Hamilton, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Inquisitio Eliensis}{\insrsid14776484 
, p. 169) differs in certain respects both from that in Great Domesday and from that in the main }{\i\insrsid14776484 Inquisitio Eliensis}{\insrsid14776484 
 survey. It records 3 ploughs in lordship and 10 ploughs for the 'men', and 28 villagers, 13 smallholders and 4 slaves.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 4,4\tab ['LEIGHTONSTONE' HUNDRED]. The head is supplied from later evidence. On the possible relation of Spaldwick to Kimbolton Hundred, see 13,1 Kimbolton note and \{Introduction: Hundreds\}.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab SPALDWICK. This was an Ancient Parish. It was granted, like Somersham (4,3), to Ely under the will of Brihtnoth (Ealdorman of Essex), though Ramsey Abbey similarly expected the gift: the }{\i\insrsid14776484 Liber Eliensis}{
\insrsid14776484  (Blake, pp. 99, 162, 246, 250, 422); the Ramsey Chronicle (Macray, pp. 116-17); }{\i\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 31 no. 25; }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , iii. pp. 97-98. In 1109 it was given to the see of Lincoln as part of the arrangements to create the see of Ely: }{\i\insrsid14776484 Feudal Aids}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. pp. 468, 471.
\par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\i\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab }{\insrsid14776484 The main survey in the }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Inquisitio Eliensis}{\insrsid14776484  reveals that Spaldwick had three outliers left unmentioned 
in Great Domesday: Stow Longa (TL1070), Easton (TL1371) and Barham (TL1375). They descended with the manor whose jurisdiction also included part of Little Catworth (see 4,5 Catworth note) and Upthorpe (TL1271); see }{\i\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}
{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 615; }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 
, iii. p. 101. The tenure of Easton was disputed in 1086 (D19 Easton note). The particular part of Stow Longa that belonged to Ely Abbey was Nether Stow (Overstow being a part of Kimbolton, 13,1). Netherstow was among Ely lands given to the Bisho
p of Lincoln in 1109: }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , iii. p. 101.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid14776484 \tab 5 HIDES. See \{Introduction: Lordship Land\}.}{
\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab THE }{\i\insrsid14776484 INQUISITIO ELIENSIS}{\insrsid14776484 . The main survey has a fuller version (Hamilton, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Inquisitio Eliensis}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 166):
\par }{\i\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab }{\insrsid14776484 '}{\i\insrsid14776484 Spalduuic}{\insrsid14776484  [Spaldwick]. The Abbot of Ely has a manor of 15 hides taxable within the manor and the outliers - }{\i\insrsid14776484 Estou}{\insrsid14776484 
 [Stow Longa], }{\i\insrsid14776484 Estune}{\insrsid14776484  [Easton], }{\i\insrsid14776484 Bercheham }{\insrsid14776484 [Barham] - and 15 ploughs can plough this land. The lord had 4 ploughs in lordship, on thaneland, free of tax\'86
 and 42 villagers and 8 smallholders. Now the Abbot of Ely has there 4 ploughs and 7 beasts and 30 pigs and 120 sheep and 1 cob and 4 beehives and a mill at 2s and 50 villagers and 10 smallholders. Between all these, 25 ploughs and 160 acres of meadow. Pa
sturable woodland, 60 acres. Value before 1066 with everything that belongs to it, \'a316; now \'a322. The whole [is] 3 leagues long and 2 leagues wide.'}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\fs20\insrsid14776484 \tab \'86 This presumably corresponds to '4 ploughs on 5 hides of this land' in Great Domesday, though the information relates to different dates, to Abbot Thorsten's time (before 1072/1073) and to 1086 respectively.}{
\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab The }{\i\insrsid14776484 Inquisitio Eliensis }{\insrsid14776484 Breviate mentions 6 slaves (Hamilton, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Inquisitio Eliensis}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 169).}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 4,5\tab LITTLE CATWORTH. This was a chapelry of Stow Longa (4,4 Spaldwick note), though an outlier of Spaldwick in 1086. It is }{\i\insrsid14776484 parva Cateuuorde}{\insrsid14776484  here and at D18, }{\i\insrsid14776484 
alia Cateuuorde}{\insrsid14776484  at 13,5. Little Catworth was 4 hides and, with Great Catworth, formed a 15-hide unit in 1086. The marginal }{\i\insrsid14776484 M}{\insrsid14776484  is contradicted by the detail of the
 entry: Little Catworth was an outlier of Spaldwick and descended with it (}{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , iii. p. 29).}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab THE }{\i\insrsid14776484 INQUISITIO ELIENSIS}{\insrsid14776484 . The main survey has a fuller version (Hamilton, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Inquisitio Eliensis}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 167):
\par }{\i\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab }{\insrsid14776484 'In }{\i\insrsid14776484 Cadeuurde}{\insrsid14776484  [Little Catworth] Abbot }{\i\insrsid14776484 Tursten'}{\insrsid14776484  [Thorsten] [had] 4 hides taxable. An outlier of }{\i\insrsid14776484 Spalduuic
}{\insrsid14776484  [Spaldwick]; and 8 villagers with 8 ploughs. Now the Abbot of Ely has [it]; 7 villagers with 2 ploughs. And it is assessed in }{\i\insrsid14776484 Spalduuic }{\insrsid14776484 [Spaldwick].'}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 5\tab LAND OF CROWLAND ABBEY. A Benedictine Ab
bey. It was said to have been founded by King Ethelbald (716-757) and dedicated to St Guthlac who had settled on the remote site in 699 (he died in 714). This early monastery was destroyed by the Danes in 870. It was said to have been re-founded for Bened
ictine monks by King Eadred (946-955), but perhaps by Thurcetel }{\i\insrsid14776484 c}{\insrsid14776484 . 966.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab The abbots who presided over the abbey in the mid-eleventh century were:
\par \tab \tab }{\i\insrsid14776484 c}{\insrsid14776484 . 1061/1062-1085/1086 Wulfketel, a monk of Peterborough
\par \tab \tab 1085/1086-1109 Ingulf, a monk of Saint-Wandrille in Normandy
\par \tab See Knowles, Brooke and London, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Heads of Religious Houses}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 42.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab The two entries in this fief are in separate hundreds, both heads needing to be inserted:
\par \tab 5,1 [Normancross Hundred]
\par \tab 5,2 ['Leightonstone' Hundred]}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 5,1\tab [NORMANCROSS HUNDRED]. The head is supplied from later evidence.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab MORBORNE. This was an Ancient Parish. The land is included in the confirmation by King Eadred of land and privileges in 948 (Sawyer, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\insrsid14776484 , no. 538), further confirmed by K
ing Edgar in 966 (Sawyer, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\insrsid14776484 , no. 741). The estate was held by the abbey until the Dissolution: }{\i\insrsid14776484 Feudal Aids}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 473; }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Valor Ecclesiasticus}{\insrsid14776484 , iv. pp. 85-87; }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , iii. p. 188. The manor included Ogerston (TL1290): }{\i\insrsid14776484 Place-names of}{
\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 192.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab 1 HIDE. See \{Introduction: Lordship Land\}.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 5,2\tab ['LEIGHTONSTONE' HUNDRED]. Another part of Thurning occurs at 19,18 where it is in a long run of places apparently governed by the Kimbolton hundred head at 19,11. It is assume
d that Kimbolton Hundred was an occasional alternative name for 'Leightonstone' Hundred. See 13,1 hundred note, 19,11 Kimbolton note and \{Introduction: Hundreds\}.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab THURNING. This was an Ancient Parish. It was divided between Huntingdonshire and Northamptonshire}{\i\insrsid14776484  }{\insrsid14776484 
in 1086; the county boundary ran through the main street until the 1888 change. The Northamptonshire portion was held by Peterborough Abbey as a member of Oundle (NTH 6,10b). Land in Thurning is included with Morborne (5,1) in the confirmation by Kin
g Eadred of land and privileges in 948 (Sawyer, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\insrsid14776484 , no. 538), further confirmed by King Edgar in 966 (Sawyer, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\insrsid14776484 , no. 741). The 1 \'bd
 hides had apparently also been confirmed on the abbey by Burgred, King of Mercia (854-874) in 868: }{\i\insrsid14776484 Monasticon Anglicanum}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. pp. 113, 115 (= Sawyer, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\insrsid14776484 
, no. 213). The abbey continued to hold at least one hide here after 1086: }{\i\insrsid14776484 Feudal Aids}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 470; }{\i\insrsid14776484 Taxatio Ecclesiastica}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 51; }{\i\insrsid14776484 Valor Ecclesiasticus}{
\insrsid14776484 , iv. pp. 86-87; }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , iii. p. 110.
\par }{\i\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab }{\insrsid14776484 The 1 \'bd hides here, together with the 2 \'bd hides of Luddington-in-the-Brook (19,19) and Ramsey Abbey's 1-hide holding at Gidding (6,21), make a 5-hide unit: Hart, 'Hidation of Huntingdonshire', p. 65.
}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab JURISDICTION IN THE KING'S MANOR OF ALCONBURY. See 1,6 Alconbury note. It is not clear whether the arrangement was recent or, more probably, ancient, possibly dating from the ninth}{\i\insrsid14776484  }{\insrsid14776484 
century or earlier, Thurning being a member of Alconbury when the grant was made.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab EUSTACE ^[THE SHERIFF]^. He held other land here in chief (19,18). See also B10 Eustace note, and on the name Eustace, see B1 Eustace note.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab MEADOW. Latin }{\i\insrsid14776484 acras}{\insrsid14776484  (accusative) implies that Eustace has the meadow and therefore probably the villagers too. This also occurs in 6,
21. 8,3-4. 19,13;24;28. 25,1. 29,3;6. Compare 1,6 villagers note and 20,5 meadow note. The punctuation in the Phillimore printed translation does not always show this.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 6\tab LAND OF ST BENEDICT'S OF RAMSEY. The Benedictine Abbey of St Mary and St Benedict, founded }{\i\insrsid14776484 c}{\insrsid14776484 
. 969 on a site offered by Ealdorman Aethelwine to St Oswald, at that time Bishop of Worcester, later Archbishop of York.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab The abbots who spanned the period 1066-106 were:
\par \tab \tab 1043-1079/1080 Aelfwine, son of the priest Eadbriht. Formerly prior of Ramsey}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab 1080-1087 Aelfsige (Aelsi), a Winchester monk who had been Abbot of St}{\insrsid8127684  }{\insrsid14776484 Augustine\rquote s, Canterbury.
\par \tab See Knowles, Brooke and London, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Heads of Religious Houses}{\insrsid14776484 , pp. 61-62.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab The estate at Ramsey itself (TL2985) had belonged to Ealdorman Aethelstan (half-king) of East Anglia, and passed to his son Aethelwine, founder of the abbey. The estate is omitted from Great Domesday because within its lowy (}{
\i\insrsid14776484 leuga, leugata, banleuca}{\insrsid14776484 ) it 
enjoyed quasi-regal rights and privileges. It had exemption from episcopal and secular power, probably from the time of its foundation, though its Liberty is first described in a charter of Henry I (}{\i\insrsid14776484 c.}{\insrsid14776484 
 1100-1102) which granted }{\i\insrsid14776484 sac}{\insrsid14776484  and }{\i\insrsid14776484 soc}{\insrsid14776484  and }{\i\insrsid14776484 toll}{\insrsid14776484  and }{\i\insrsid14776484 team}{\insrsid14776484  and }{\i\insrsid14776484 infangthief}{
\insrsid14776484  and }{\i\insrsid14776484 foresteal}{\insrsid14776484  and }{\i\insrsid14776484 blodwite}{\insrsid14776484  and murder and treasure trove and all other liberties pertaining to the Crown in the land for one }{\i\insrsid14776484 leugata}{
\insrsid14776484  around the church of St Benedict, as well as all pleas pertaining to the Crown. The bounds of the lowy}{\i\insrsid14776484  }{\insrsid14776484 ran along the }{\i\insrsid14776484 monticulum de Wistow}{\insrsid14776484 
 (now represented by Hill Farm, TL2882), passed through Wistow itself, then skirted Great Raveley and Little Raveley before circling through the marsh. Several meres were included in it or bisected by it, principally Whitt
lesey mere where there were considerable difficulties in defining the rights and limits of the abbeys of Peterborough, Ramsey and Thorney (see 7,8 Whittlesey note). Ramsey also had rights in Wistow fen, Ramsey mere and Ugg mere. On all of this, see }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 104 no. 999, p. 181 no. 1370; }{\i\insrsid14776484 Monasticon Anglicanum}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. pp. 559, 564, 575; Sawyer, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{
\insrsid14776484 , no. 1563; }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , i. pp. 377-85, ii. p. 193; Roffe, 'Introduction', }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire Domesday}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 6.}{
\i\insrsid14776484  }{\insrsid14776484 Ramsey is listed in 'Leightonstone' Hundred in the }{\i\insrsid14776484 Lay Subsidy Rolls}{\insrsid14776484  (1334), p. 137. It was an Ancient Parish.
\par \tab \tab The entries in this fief are arranged by hundreds as follows:
\par \tab 6,1-11 'Hurstingstone' Hundred
\par \tab 6,12-14 Normancross Hundred
\par \tab 6,15-20 Toseland Hundred
\par \tab 6,21-26 'Leightonstone' Hundred.
\par \tab In some other fiefs, lands in Normancross Hundred are entered first; see \{Introduction: Standard Order of Hundreds\}. It is likely that this unusual sequence reflects the fact that 'Hurstingstone' Hundred, the first to b
e entered, was the hundred in which Ramsey Abbey itself was sited.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 6,1\tab 'HURSTINGSTONE' HUNDRED. The plough(land)s in lordship are specifically mentioned on the majority of the abbey's manors in this hundred: (6,1-2;4-9;11); see B21 ploughs note.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab [LITTLE] STUKELEY.}{\i\insrsid14776484  }{\insrsid14776484 This was an Ancient Parish. It was also known as Stukeley Abbots: }{\i\insrsid14776484 Place-names of}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{
\insrsid14776484 , p. 224; }{\i\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 599; }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 
, ii. p. 234. The bulk of the manor was part of the abbey's foundation grant by Aethelwine. Other portions were perhaps added or surrendered: the Ramsey Chronicle (Macray, pp. 181-89); the Ramsey Cartulary (Hart and Lyons, ii. pp. 51-59); }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 25 no. 14, p. 233 no. 315. It is }{\i\insrsid14776484 parva stanecle}{\insrsid14776484  in }{\i\insrsid14776484 Taxatio Ecclesiastica}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 50; }{
\i\insrsid14776484 stevecley parva}{\insrsid14776484  in }{\i\insrsid14776484 Valor Ecclesiasticus}{\insrsid14776484 , iv. p. 271.
\par }{\i\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab }{\insrsid14776484 The settlements of Great Stukeley and Little Stukeley had perhaps already defined themselves by 1086, for there were separate churches (see 20,3).}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab LAND FOR 2 PLOUGHS. For the Latin }{\i\insrsid14776484 terram}{\insrsid14776484 , accusative, see 4,1 land note.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab 16 VILLAGERS. In the manuscript }{\i\insrsid14776484 xvi. uill's }{\insrsid14776484 (for }{\i\insrsid14776484 uillanus}{\insrsid14776484 , villager) is an error for }{\i\insrsid14776484 uill'i}{\insrsid14776484 . Farley misprinted 
}{\i\insrsid14776484 uill'is}{\insrsid14776484  (i.e. }{\i\insrsid14776484 uillanis, }{\insrsid14776484 dative or ablative plural) which is meaningless here.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab RICHARD. The Domesday forms of this name - }{\i\insrsid14776484 Ricard}{\insrsid14776484 (}{\i\insrsid14776484 us}{\insrsid14776484 ), }{\i\insrsid14776484 Ricard}{\insrsid14776484  - represent Old German }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Ricard}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Richard}{\insrsid14776484 : Forssner, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Continental-Germanic Personal Names in England}{\insrsid14776484 , pp. 213-14; see also von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 349. The Alecto edition also has Richard.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab HUGH. The Domesday form of this name, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Hugo}{\insrsid14776484  (as it is regarded as a third declension noun in Latin the genitive is }{\i\insrsid14776484 Hugonis}{\insrsid14776484 , the accusative }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Hugonem}{\insrsid14776484 , the dative }{\i\insrsid14776484 Hugoni}{\insrsid14776484  and the ablative }{\i\insrsid14776484 Hugone}{\insrsid14776484 ), represents Old German }{\i\insrsid14776484 Hugo}{\insrsid14776484 , Old French }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Hugon}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Hu\'eb}{\insrsid14776484 : Forssner, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Continental-Germanic Personal Names in England}{\insrsid14776484 , pp. 157-58. Hugh, which also derives from the Latin }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Hugo}{\insrsid14776484  (Reaney, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Dictionary of British Surnames}{\insrsid14776484 ), was chosen by JRM. The Alecto edition also has Hugh.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 6,2\tab [ABBOTS] RIPTON. This was an Ancient Parish. The est
ate at Ripton was granted to Ramsey Abbey by Ealdorman Aelfwold (died 990), brother of Earl Aethelwine, with a life-interest reserved for his wife Aelfhild. It probably consisted of 4 hides and joined to it were 6 hides at Wennington (TL2379) to make a 10
-hide estate. Aelfhild confirmed these gifts in her will: the Ramsey Cartulary (Hart and Lyons, ii. p. 56, iii. p. 166); Sawyer, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\insrsid14776484 , no. 1808 (= }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Early Charters of Eastern England}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 31 no. 26); the }{\i\insrsid14776484 Liber Eliensis}{\insrsid14776484  (Blake, p. 420); }{\i\insrsid14776484 Taxatio Ecclesiastica}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 51; }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Valor Ecclesiasticus}{\insrsid14776484 , iv. p. 271; }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 202.
\par }{\i\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab }{\insrsid14776484 The 6 hides at Wennington had been granted (with 30 hides at Hemingford: 6,16-18) to Ely Abbey by the will of Wulfstan of Dalham (973 x 975), but the monks of Ely ha
d exchanged Wennington and Hemingford and Yelling (6,15) - 41 hides in all - with Ealdorman Aethelwine for 40 hides at Hatfield, Hertfordshire; see }{\i\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\insrsid14776484 
, p. 26 no. 17, p. 234 no. 318; the Ramsey Chronicle (Macray, pp. 54-55); the }{\i\insrsid14776484 Liber Eliensis}{\insrsid14776484  (Blake, pp. 79-80, 126-27); }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{
\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 305. For Wennington itself, see the Ramsey Cartulary (Hart and Lyons, i. pp. 322, 329, iii. p. 210); }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 204.
\par \tab \tab The combined estate continued to be held by the abbey; see }{\i\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 600.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab LAND FOR 2 PLOUGHS. For the Latin }{\i\insrsid14776484 terram}{\insrsid14776484 , accusative, see 4,1 land note.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid14776484 6,3\tab 
BROUGHTON. This was an Ancient Parish. This major estate became the head of the barony or honour of Ramsey and was held until the Dissolution: }{\i\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 600; }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 236 no. 1631; }{\i\insrsid14776484 Feudal Aids}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 468; }{\i\insrsid14776484 Taxatio Ecclesiastica}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 51; }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\insrsid14776484  }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. pp. 159-61.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\i\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab }{\insrsid14776484 
The estate was assembled piecemeal and it is not entirely clear ho
w many of the grants overlapped, what the total size of the estate was (on a possible extra 1 hide, see B21) and whether, as Hart, 'Hidation of Huntingdonshire', p. 59, thinks, Old Hurst and Woodhurst were originally part of Broughton, but were annexed to
 }{\i\insrsid14776484 Slepe}{\insrsid14776484  (St Ives, 6,7) at the foundation of the priory there; see also }{\i\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\insrsid14776484 
, p. 37 no. 42. It seems not unlikely that in the reign of the Confessor, Broughton was a 4-hide estate to which 5 hides of Freemen's land were added. Two
 hides had been granted to the abbey by Edward the Martyr (975-979): the Ramsey Chronicle (Macray, p. 74); }{\i\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 233 no. 316.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\i\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab }{\insrsid14776484 A further 1 hide was obtained (975 x 979) for the abbey by the prior Eadnoth from Bishop
 Aethelweald in exchange for land at Wilbraham, Cambridgeshire This is probably the separate hide mentioned in B21 Broughton note.
\par \tab \tab 9 hides were granted (979 x 1016) by King Aethelred II (the Unready): the Ramsey Chronicle (Macray, pp. 75-76); }{\i\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\insrsid14776484 
, p. 29 no. 20. These may have been subsequently joined to St Ives (see above and 6,7 St Ives note) or the grant is to be suspected or did not take effect.
\par }{\i\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab }{\insrsid14776484 3 hides were given (1016 x 1034) by Aethelric, Bishop of Dorchester-on-Thame
s, for the support of the monks. This was confirmed by the Confessor and the Conqueror: the Ramsey Cartulary (Hart and Lyons, ii. pp. 74, 95); the Ramsey Chronicle (Macray, pp. 135-40, 144, 202); }{\i\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{
\insrsid14776484 , p. 234 no. 320; }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , iii. p. 158; Harmer, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Anglo-Saxon Writs}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 258 no. 59.
\par \tab \tab By the early twelfth century, 1 hide in Broughton was subject of a precept (1115 x 1129) by Henry I to the effect that Roger }{\i\insrsid14776484 Foillet}{\insrsid14776484  was to hold it and if he held more at the present time
 it was to be in the abbot's lordship: }{\i\insrsid14776484 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 236 no. 1631. The same Roger was pardoned the payment of Danegeld in Huntingdonshire in 1130 (Pipe Roll 31 Henry I, p. 49).}{
\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab 2 OXEN \'85 6 OXEN. Together, they make a plough team.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab FREEMEN'S LAND. According to D4 it had been given to Ramsey Abbey }{\i\insrsid14776484 T.R.E.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab FINES. These were normally reserved for the lord of the manor. The Freemen, who may have chosen the abbot as their lord or been transferred to his jurisdiction, are asserting a quasi-independence.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab THEIR [FINE FROM] ROBBERY. Latin }{\i\insrsid14776484 suum}{\insrsid14776484  distinguishes the sm
aller amounts (up to 4d) that they received from robbery from those larger fines (more than 4d) that the abbot received from the same crime.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab EUSTACE [* THE SHERIFF *] CLAIMS 5 HIDES. See B10 Eustace note, and on the name Eustace, see B1 Eustace note. The marginal }{\i\insrsid14776484 K}{\insrsid14776484  (for }{\i\insrsid14776484 kalumnia }{\insrsid14776484 or}{
\i\insrsid14776484  kalumpnia}{\insrsid14776484 , 'claim'; see 2,6 claims note) refers to this. The }{\i\insrsid14776484 K}{\insrsid14776484 
 was accidentally cut off when the pages of Farley were divided up for use in the Phillimore printed translation (CT). These are presumably the Freemen's hides (JRM).
 According to D4, the 5 hides of Freemen's land had been put under the jurisdiction of Ramsey Abbey by Edward the Confessor in exchange for a service done by Abbot Aelfwine in Germany; see Sawyer, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{
\insrsid14776484 , no. 1107 (= }{\i\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 37 no. 42); Harmer, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Anglo-Saxon}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Writs,}{\insrsid14776484 
 p. 258 no. 59. The claim was not mentioned in D4 and was unsuccessful (FRT).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 177 no. 830.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 6,4\tab WISTOW. This was an Ancient Parish. It was granted to the abbey by (St) Oswald, Archbishop of York (972-992): the Ramsey Cartulary (Hart and Lyons, ii. pp. 56; 72; 93); the Ramsey Chronicle (Macray, pp. 48-9); Sawyer, }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\insrsid14776484 , no. 798 (= }{\i\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 27 no. 18); }{\i\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\insrsid14776484 
, p. 232 no. 313. In the Cartulary, the grant is described as of }{\i\insrsid14776484 Kingestune, id est Wicstoue}{\insrsid14776484  and its outliers were }{\i\insrsid14776484 Roflea}{\insrsid14776484  (Little Raveley, TL2579) and }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Byrig}{\insrsid14776484  (Bury, TL2883). For the change of name, see }{\i\insrsid14776484 Place-names of}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 22
8. As the original name implies, 'Kingston' had been a royal manor, in fact a lordship manor of King Edgar who exchanged it with St Oswald for Needingworth (see 6,6 Holywell note) and the church and 3 hides at Godmanchester (1,10). Needingworth had been i
ntended for Ramsey Abbey, but did not go directly.
\par }{\i\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab }{\insrsid14776484 Wistow and its outliers continued with the abbey until the Dissolution, but by 1178 the hierarchy had been changed, with Wistow and Little Raveley (}{\i\insrsid14776484 Raveley Parva}{\insrsid14776484  in 
}{\i\insrsid14776484 Valor Ecclesiasticus}{\insrsid14776484 , iv. p. 271) being outliers of Bury: the Ramsey Cartulary (Hart and Lyons, ii. p. 135); }{\i\insrsid14776484 Taxatio Ecclesiastica}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 51; }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Valor Ecclesiasticus}{\insrsid14776484 , iv. p. 271; }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. pp. 164, 201, 247. On Bury itself, see }{\i\insrsid14776484 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{
\insrsid14776484 , ii. pp. 118, 209 nos. 1064, 1504.
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\i\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab }{\insrsid14776484 
The manor included 'Hepmangrove' (lost, but lying west of Bury: }{\i\insrsid14776484 Place-names of}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 
, p. 207), first mentioned in the statutes of Abbot Aldwin (1091-1102), the profits of it being assigned to the cellarer of Ramsey: }{\i\insrsid14776484 Valor Ecclesiasticus}{\insrsid14776484 , iv. p. 271; }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\insrsid14776484  }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 165.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid14776484 \tab LAND FOR 3 PLOUGHS. For the Latin }{\i\insrsid14776484 
terram, }{\insrsid14776484 accusative, see 4,1 land note.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 6,5\tab UPWOOD. This was a chapelry of Wistow.}{\i\insrsid14776484  }{\insrsid14776484 It was included in the foundation grant by Ealdorman Aethelwine and had an outlier }{\i\insrsid14776484 Rorflea}{\insrsid14776484  
(Great Raveley, TL2581), often coupled as }{\i\insrsid14776484 Upwode et Ravele Major/ Magna}{\insrsid14776484 : the Ramsey Cartulary (Hart and Lyons, i. p. 340); }{\i\insrsid14776484 Taxatio Ecclesiastica}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 50; }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Valor Ecclesiasticus}{\insrsid14776484 , iv. p. 271; }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. pp. 198, 238.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab LAND FOR 3 PLOUGHS. For the Latin }{\i\insrsid14776484 terram}{\insrsid14776484 , accusative, see 4,1 land note.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 6,6\tab HOLYWELL. This was in the Ancient Parish of Holywell cum Needingworth. Land here is not mentioned in the confirmation of Edwar
d the Confessor, nor of William I. Ramsey Abbey also held Holwell in Bedfordshire (BDF 8,8) with which this estate can be confused. Holywell in Huntingdonshire was apparently given to the abbey by Alfwaru (died 1007), probably the eldest daughter of Aethe
lstan Mannessune. She had apparently been given it by her mother: the Ramsey Chronicle (Macray, pp. 59-60, 192); the Ramsey Cartulary (Hart and Lyons, iii. p. 167); }{\i\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\insrsid14776484 
, p. 29 no. 21, p. 32 no. 28; the }{\i\insrsid14776484 Liber Eliensis}{\insrsid14776484  (Blake, p. 91); }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 
, ii. p. 176; Hart, 'Eadnoth', p. 63. It is probable that this gift included Needingworth (TL3472) which had been bought from King Edgar by St Oswald who intended it for Ramsey, but had exchanged it for Wistow (6,4 Wistow note). It
 is also possible that Needingworth had been part of the land at }{\i\insrsid14776484 Slepe}{\insrsid14776484  (6,7) but it is generally associated with Holywell, for example }{\i\insrsid14776484 Nidingworth cum Haliwelle}{\insrsid14776484 
 in the Ramsey Cartulary (Hart and Lyons, ii. p. 232); see the Ramsey Cartulary (Hart and Lyons, i. p. 42); }{\i\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 602; Dewindt, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Land and People}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 9.

\par \tab \tab The church and 'land' are also mentioned in the will of the priest Gode which was presumably later than Alfwaru's gift and may represent the return of a lease: the Ramsey Chronicle (Macray, p. 85); }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Early Charters of Eastern England}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 234 no. 319.
\par \tab \tab Both estates continued with the abbey until the Dissolution: }{\i\insrsid14776484 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 246 no. 1686; }{\i\insrsid14776484 Taxatio Ecclesiastica}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 51; }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Valor Ecclesiasticus}{\insrsid14776484 , iv. p. 271.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab LAND FOR 2 PLOUGHS. For the Latin }{\i\insrsid14776484 terram}{\insrsid14776484 , accusative, see 4,1 land note.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab PASTURABLE WOODLAND 1 LEAGUE AND 4 FURLONGS LONG AND 1 LEAGUE WIDE. It is more likely that the scribe accidentally wrote the }{\i\insrsid14776484 lg}{\insrsid14776484 ' (for }{\i\insrsid14776484 longa}{\insrsid14776484 
) after the '1 league' rather than after the '4 furlongs', as the furlong was a division of the league and the normal order would be }{\i\insrsid14776484 x}{\insrsid14776484  leagues and }{\i\insrsid14776484 y}{\insrsid14776484 
 furlongs. Such a scribal error (if it is one) occurs elsewhere in Great Domesday. However, the width could have been 4 furlongs and 1 league, as translat
ed in the Alecto edition, the scribe inadvertently writing the furlongs before the league in the width.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab ALWOLD. The Domesday forms of the name-form Alwold - }{\i\insrsid14776484 Aluuold}{\insrsid14776484 (}{\i\insrsid14776484 us}{\insrsid14776484 ),}{\i\insrsid14776484  Alwaldus}{\insrsid14776484 ,}{\i\insrsid14776484  Aeluuold}{
\insrsid14776484 (}{\i\insrsid14776484 us}{\insrsid14776484 ),}{\i\insrsid14776484  Aluuol}{\insrsid14776484 ,}{\i\insrsid14776484  Alnold }{\insrsid14776484 (a scribal error for }{\i\insrsid14776484 Aluold}{\insrsid14776484 ), }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Aluoldus}{\insrsid14776484 ,}{\i\insrsid14776484  Aluolt}{\insrsid14776484 ,}{\i\insrsid14776484  Aluol}{\insrsid14776484 ,}{\i\insrsid14776484  Aluort}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Eluuold}{\insrsid14776484 ,}{\i\insrsid14776484  Eluolt}{
\insrsid14776484  - could represent Old English }{\i\insrsid14776484 \'c6lfweald }{\insrsid14776484 or Old English }{\i\insrsid14776484 \'c6thelweald}{\insrsid14776484 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{
\insrsid14776484 , pp. 154-55, under }{\i\insrsid14776484 Al-weald}{\insrsid14776484 , and see also p. 142, under }{\i\insrsid14776484 Al-}{\insrsid14776484 . JRM followed von Feilitzen in keepin
g to the base form, but preferred the second element -wold for Old English }{\i\insrsid14776484 -weald}{\insrsid14776484 
 as it reflected the spelling in Domesday. Some of the people called Alwold in the present edition appear under Alfwold in the Phillimore printed translations. The Alecto edition has Alweald.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid14776484 6,7\tab 
ST IVES. This was an Ancient Parish. The original name }{\i\insrsid14776484 Slepe}{\insrsid14776484 , as in Great Domesday, has been displaced by the name of the priory established there as a cell of Ramsey Abbey }{\i\insrsid14776484 c.}{\insrsid14776484 
 1001-1002 by Eadnoth, Abbot of Ramsey: Hart, 'Eadnoth', p. 64; the }{\i\insrsid14776484 Liber Eliensis}{\insrsid14776484  (Blake, pp. 140-42). It is }{\i\insrsid14776484 villa de Sancto Ivone}{\insrsid14776484  and }{\i\insrsid14776484 S. Ivo de Slepe}{
\insrsid14776484  in the Ramsey Cartulary (Hart and Lyons, p. 539); }{\i\insrsid14776484 villa Sancti Ivonis}{\insrsid14776484  (}{\i\insrsid14776484 Feet of Fines}{\insrsid14776484  for 1200) and }{\i\insrsid14776484 Strata de Sancto Ivonis}{
\insrsid14776484  (}{\i\insrsid14776484 sic}{\insrsid14776484 ) in }{\i\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 603; see }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 
, i. pp. 388-89; }{\i\insrsid14776484 Place-names of}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , pp. xli,}{\i\insrsid14776484  }{\insrsid14776484 221-22.
\par }{\i\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab }{\insrsid14776484 Land in }{\i\insrsid14776484 Slepe}{\insrsid14776484 
 was granted by the will of Aethelstan Mannessune to his youngest daughter Alwenna in 986 with reversion to Ramsey Abbey after her death: the Ramsey Chronicle (Macray, pp. 59-60, 192); the }{\i\insrsid14776484 Liber Eliensis}{\insrsid14776484 
 (Blake, p. 91); }{\i\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 29 no. 21; Hart, 'Eadnoth', pp. 61-67. The reversion is confirmed in the Ramsey Chronicle (Macray, pp. 60-61); see }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Early Charters of Eastern England}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 29 no. 22. Nonetheless, 10 hides here became involved in a complicated dispute but were finally surrendered to Ramsey: the Ramsey Chronicle (Macray, pp. 76-78); }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Early Charters of Eastern England}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 30 no. 23. It is unlikely that the earlier history of }{\i\insrsid14776484 Slepe}{\insrsid14776484  has anything to do with the 40 }{\i\insrsid14776484 manentes}{\insrsid14776484  at }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Slaepi}{\insrsid14776484  granted to Bath Abbey in 670-671 (Sawyer, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\insrsid14776484 , no. 1168 = }{\i\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\insrsid14776484 
, p. 21 no. 2), which is more likely to be Islip, Oxfordshire.
\par }{\i\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab Slepe}{\insrsid14776484  in Great Domesday is a 20-hide estate, whereas the hidage where given in earlier documents is 10 hides. It is possible that t
he bulk of these 10 hides consisted of the 9 hides granted at Broughton by King Aethelred II and which cannot be accounted for there (6,3 Broughton note). They may have been transferred as part of the foundation of the priory.
\par }{\i\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab }{\insrsid14776484 Among the 20 hides held at }{\i\insrsid14776484 Slepe}{\insrsid14776484  in 1086 were }{\i\insrsid14776484 Wodhirst}{\insrsid14776484  and }{\i\insrsid14776484 Woldhirst}{\insrsid14776484 
 (Woodhurst and Old Hurst, TL3176, TL2977) also at }{\i\insrsid14776484 Derhirst}{\insrsid14776484  (lost): the Ramsey Cartulary (Hart and Lyons, p. 42, ii. pp. 109, 115, 163-65); }{\i\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 603; }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Taxatio Ecclesiastica}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 50; }{\i\insrsid14776484 Valor Ecclesiasticus}{\insrsid14776484 , iv. p. 271; }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 
, ii. pp. 207-209; 250-52. Old Hurst is derived from Old English }{\i\insrsid14776484 weald}{\insrsid14776484  and }{\i\insrsid14776484 hyrst}{\insrsid14776484 : there is no reference to the antiquity of the settlement; see }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Place-names of}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 211. A hide in one of them was held b
y Ingelrann (see 6,7 Ingelrann note) and this or another hide in 'Hurst' was the subject of writs by William II and Henry I. The first is addressed to Ranulf brother of Ilger (then sheriff) instructing him to re-seise the Abbot of Ramsey of land in }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Hyrst}{\insrsid14776484  held by William son of Osmund (presumably a brother of Ralph) 'and to free the land of the hawk that William keeps there'. In the similar writ of Henry I, William is called William }{\i\insrsid14776484 
accipitrarius}{\insrsid14776484  ('hawker' or 'falconer'): }{\i\insrsid14776484 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\insrsid14776484 , i.}{\i\insrsid14776484  }{\insrsid14776484 p. 111 no. 447, ii. p. 19 no. 574.
\par }{\i\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab }{\insrsid14776484 Land at }{\i\insrsid14776484 Acleya}{\insrsid14776484  (possibly 'Ockley', lost in St Ives: }{\i\insrsid14776484 Place-names of}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 
, p. 229) was left by Godric }{\i\insrsid14776484 c.}{\insrsid14776484  1007 to his son Eadnoth who granted it to Ramsey Abbey: the Ramsey Chronicle (Macray, pp. 111-12); Sawyer, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\insrsid14776484 , no. 1518 (= }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 32 no. 29); Sawyer, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\insrsid14776484 , no. 1231 (= }{\i\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\insrsid14776484 
, p. 35 no. 39).
\par }{\i\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab }{\insrsid14776484 St Ives grew into an important settlement. A fair was granted}{\i\insrsid14776484  }{\insrsid14776484 here}{\i\insrsid14776484  }{\insrsid14776484 'to St Benedict of Ramsey and St Ives of Slepe' in 1110: }
{\i\insrsid14776484 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 94 no. 953, see p. 226 no. 1585, p. 292 no. 1916.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid14776484 \tab LAND FOR 3 PLOUGHS. For the Latin }{\i\insrsid14776484 terram
}{\insrsid14776484 , accusative, see 4,1 land note.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid14776484 \tab THREE OF THE ABBOT'S MEN. This hol
ding was probably at Woodhurst or Old Hurst; see 6,7 they note.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab EVERARD <OF ST IVES>. The Domesday forms of Everard - }{\i\insrsid14776484 Eurard}{\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\insrsid14776484 us}{\insrsid14776484 ], }{\i\insrsid14776484 Ebrard}{\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\insrsid14776484 us}{
\insrsid14776484 ] - represent Old German }{\i\insrsid14776484 Eburhard}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Eburhart}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Eborhard}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Eborhart}{\insrsid14776484 , }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Eberhard}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Eberhart}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Everhard}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Everhart}{\insrsid14776484  etc. and Old French }{\i\insrsid14776484 Evr}{
\insrsid14776484 (}{\i\insrsid14776484 e}{\insrsid14776484 )}{\i\insrsid14776484 hard}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Ev}{\insrsid14776484 (}{\i\insrsid14776484 e}{\insrsid14776484 )}{\i\insrsid14776484 rart}{\insrsid14776484 : Forssner, }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Continental-Germanic Personal Names in England}{\insrsid14776484 , pp. 63-64. The printed Phillimore edition has the forms Everard, Evrard, Ebrard and Eburhard; these have now been standardized as Everard. The Alecto edition has Evera
rd. This is the only occurrence of this name in Domesday Huntingdonshire.
\par \tab \tab Everard is an uncommon name and there are no apparent links between the abbey's man and his namesakes elsewhere, the closest of whom is Everard son of Brian, in Cambridgeshire (JP).}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid14776484 \tab 
INGELRANN [* OF EU *]. Probably Ingelrann of Eu, and the same man who held in Huntingdonshire under Eustace the sheriff (19,15;19) and under the Count of Eu, to whom he was perhaps related, in Sussex. Ingelrann was brother of Guy of Eu. The Count of Eu 
was lord of the Rape of Hastings in Sussex in 1086 and this Ingelrann was probably the man of that name who was sheriff of the same Rape some time between 1101 and 1140 (Green, }{\i\insrsid14776484 English Sheriffs}{\insrsid14776484 
, p. 81) where he was known as Ingelrann of Hastings. His successor in Huntingdonshire was Drogo of Hastings. See }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , i. p. 334, iii. p. 50; Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Domesday People}{
\insrsid14776484 , p. 280.
\par \tab \tab The Domesday forms of Ingelrann - }{\i\insrsid14776484 Ingelrannus}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Ingelranus}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Ingelramnus}{\insrsid14776484  - represent Old German }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Engelramnus}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Engelrannus}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Ingelramnus}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Ingelrannus}{\insrsid14776484 : Forssner, }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Continental-Germanic Personal Names in England}{\insrsid14776484 , pp. 73-74. The Alecto edition has Ingelrann.
\par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab 
His holding at plain 'Hyrst' appears to have been of 1 hide, being referred to in the Ramsey Cartulary (Hart and Lyons, i. p. 147), as the old fee of }{\i\insrsid14776484 Ingelruus}{\insrsid14776484  or }{\i\insrsid14776484 Ingel'u'}{\insrsid14776484 
 (possibly a mistranscription).}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab "PLEINES" [* OF "SLEPE" *]. It has not been possible to find out definitely what name is represented by the Domesday form }{\i\insrsid14776484 Pleines}{\insrsid14776484 ; it is not in Forssner, }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Continental-Germanic Personal Names in England}{\insrsid14776484 
. It has therefore been decided to keep to the Domesday form for the present edition. The Alecto edition has Pleines. This is the only occurrence of this name in Domesday Book, but the man occurs once also in the Ramsey Cartulary (Har
t and Lyons, i. p. 129 no. xl); see Keats-Rohan}{\i\insrsid14776484 , Domesday People}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 326. The Ramsey Cartulary records an agreement between }{\i\insrsid14776484 Pleines de Slepa}{\insrsid14776484 
 with his two sons on one side and Abbot Aldwin of Ramsey with the whole chapter of the abbey on the other concerning a one-hide holding (presumably his share of the 4 hides that he has with two others) and 28 acres. The document names }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Pleines}{\insrsid14776484 ' wife as }{\i\insrsid14776484 Beatrix}{\insrsid14776484  (Beatrice) and his two sons as William and Richard. He also had daughters, unnamed. The names of his wife and children strongly suggest that }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Pleines}{\insrsid14776484  was not an Englishman. }{\cf1\insrsid14776484 Dauzat, }{\i\cf1\insrsid14776484 Dictionnaire des Noms de Famille et Pr\'e9noms}{\cf1\insrsid14776484 , }{\insrsid14776484 has a modern French name Plein
, from the French adjective }{\i\insrsid14776484 plein}{\insrsid14776484  ('full') and suggests it means 'full of wine', 'a drinker'. This could well be an explanation of the name. }{\i\insrsid14776484 Pleines}{\insrsid14776484 
 would originate as a nickname from the Latin adjective }{\i\insrsid14776484 plenus}{\insrsid14776484 , meaning 'full', 'filled up' and could theoretically refer to a person who was fat, gluttonous or frequently had a 'skin-full' of wine. The actual form 
}{\i\insrsid14776484 Pleines}{\insrsid14776484  would show the first -}{\i\insrsid14776484 e}{\insrsid14776484 - of Latin influenced by the characteristic differentiation of the vowel as the adjective }{\i\insrsid14776484 plenus}{\insrsid14776484 
 developed to }{\i\insrsid14776484 plein}{\insrsid14776484 , and a second -}{\i\insrsid14776484 e}{\insrsid14776484 - standing for a weakened -}{\i\insrsid14776484 u}{\insrsid14776484 -. The word is not Latin, but not yet French.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab [THEY HAVE] A CHURCH AND A PRIEST. Latin }{\i\f703\insrsid14776484 \'eacclesiam et presbiterum}{\insrsid14776484 , both accusative, apparently after }{\i\insrsid14776484 habent}{\insrsid14776484 
 ('they have') in the previous sentence, although the villagers and presumably the smallholders are not in the accusative.
\par }{\i\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab }{\insrsid14776484 A church at St Ives has already been mentioned. This one was probably at Old Hurst or Woodhurst.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab EUSTACE [* THE SHERIFF *] CLAIMS 2 \'bd HIDES. See B10 Eustace note, and on the name Eustace, see B1 Eustace note. Farley omitted the marginal }{\i\insrsid14776484 K}{\insrsid14776484  (for }{\i\insrsid14776484 kalumnia }{
\insrsid14776484 or}{\i\insrsid14776484  kalumpnia}{\insrsid14776484 , 'claim'; see 2,6 claims note) which refers to this. There is no certainty that this Eustace was the sheriff, though this claim would have been in character. Eustace the sheriff he
ld in Hemingford in Toseland Hundred across the River Ouse from St Ives (19,23). The claim does not feature in the Declarations and was unsuccessful. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 177 no. 831.}{
\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab 2 \'bd HIDES. The main scribe of Great Domesday corrected this from '1 \'bd hides' by the addition of a minim.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 6,8\tab HOUGHTON. This was an Ancient Parish. It was given with Wyton (6,9) by Ealdorman Aelfwold (died 990), brother of Aethelwine. It was later treated with Wyton as a single manor (}{\i\insrsid14776484 Houton cum Wytton}{
\insrsid14776484 : }{\i\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 601) and continued as abbey property until the Dissolution: the Ramsey Cartulary (Hart and Lyons, iii. p. 166); }{\i\insrsid14776484 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{
\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 15 nos. 1262, 1262a; }{\i\insrsid14776484 Taxatio Ecclesiastica}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 50; }{\i\insrsid14776484 Valor Ecclesiasticus}{\insrsid14776484 , iv. p. 271; }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\insrsid14776484  }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. pp. 179, 253.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid14776484 \tab LAND FOR}{\i\insrsid14776484  }{\insrsid14776484 
2 PLOUGHS. For the Latin }{\i\insrsid14776484 terram}{\insrsid14776484 , accusative, see 4,1 land note.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab EUSTACE [* THE SHERIFF *] CLAIMS 1 HIDE. See B10 Eustace note, and on the name Eustace, see B1 Eustace note. The claim does not feature in the Declarations, and it appears to have been unsuccessful. The marginal }{
\i\insrsid14776484 K}{\insrsid14776484  (for }{\i\insrsid14776484 kalumnia }{\insrsid14776484 or}{\i\insrsid14776484  kalumpnia}{\insrsid14776484 , 'claim'; see 2,6 claims note) refers to this. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 177 no. 832.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 6,9\tab WYTON. This was an Ancient Parish. It has the same history and descent as Houghton (6,8) with which it is later coupled.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab LAND FOR}{\i\insrsid14776484  }{\insrsid14776484 2 PLOUGHS. For the Latin }{\i\insrsid14776484 terram}{\insrsid14776484 , accusative, see 4,1 land note.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 6,10\tab BLUNTISHAM. This was an Ancient Parish. The bulk of this vill, 6 \'bd
 hides, was held by Ely Abbey (4,2). Great Domesday does not indicate the 1066 holder of Ramsey Abbey's portion (which is not called a manor) and its pre-Conquest history is obscure; it could have been an encroachment from Ramsey's adjacent manors of Holy
well and St Ives. It continued to be held by the abbey after 1086 and was periodically leased out. Between 1114 and 1139 such a lease is of }{\i\insrsid14776484 Stowe}{\insrsid14776484  (possibly lost in Bluntisham, or Longstowe, CAM 7,2) }{
\i\insrsid14776484 et quicquid habemus in Bluntesham}{\insrsid14776484  ('and whatever we have in Bluntisham') and 1 hide in }{\i\insrsid14776484 Hyrst }{\insrsid14776484 
(Old Hurst or Woodhurst). Possibly preceding this (the document is dated 1107 x 1125) Henry I notifies that Gilbert son of Guy has granted to Ramsey Abbey all his father's land except }{\i\insrsid14776484 Estou}{\insrsid14776484 
 (that is, the same 'Stow') and Bluntisham. This suggests a tussle about the right to hold this and other lands. See 6,7 St Ives note; the Ramsey Cartulary (Hart and Lyons, i. pp. 107, 146, 246, ii. p. 300); }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 195 no. 1438; }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. pp. 153-54.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab BELONGING TO RAMSEY. Latin }{\i\insrsid14776484 pertin' }{\insrsid14776484 could be extended to }{\i\insrsid14776484 pertinens }{\insrsid14776484 (nominative) describing the half-hide, or }{\i\insrsid14776484 pertinentium}{
\insrsid14776484  (genitive) describing the oxen. The former is perhaps more likely, as the scribe could have indicated the latter more clearly (by writing }{\i\insrsid14776484 pertinent'}{\insrsid14776484 ); there is also a dot after }{
\i\insrsid14776484 bou'}{\insrsid14776484 . A further possibility is that the scribe intended a new clause here (}{\i\insrsid14776484 pertin'}{\insrsid14776484  = }{\i\insrsid14776484 pertinet}{\insrsid14776484 
, 'it belongs') referring to the half-hide. The difference affects interpretation because if the land belongs
 to Ramsey Abbey, it is rightly included in its fief, but if its oxen are ploughing the land, the doubt about the legitimacy of the tenure mentioned above is reinforced.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 6,11\tab WARBOYS. This was an Ancient Parish. This manor was given to the abbey by (St) Dunstan (died 988). In Edgar's confirmation it is described as }{\i\insrsid14776484 Weardebusc cum omnibus sibi pertinentibus}{\insrsid14776484 
 ('Warboys with everything belonging to it')}{\i\insrsid14776484 ,}{\insrsid14776484  and it is later regularly called the manor of }{\i\insrsid14776484 Wardeboys cum Caldecote}{\insrsid14776484  ('Caldecote', lost: }{\i\insrsid14776484 Place-names of}{
\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 227). See }{\i\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 601; the Ramsey Cartulary (Hart and Lyons, i. pp. 73, 305,}{\i\insrsid14776484  }{\insrsid14776484 
iii. p. 208); }{\i\insrsid14776484 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 158 nos. 1262, 1262a, p. 246 no. 1686; }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 242.
\par }{\i\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab }{\insrsid14776484 The later manor of Woolvey (TL3381), 'wolf island' or 'wolf enclosure' (}{\i\insrsid14776484 Place-names of}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 
, p. 228) was of land here held by the infirmerer of Ramsey Abbey: }{\i\insrsid14776484 Taxatio Ecclesiastica}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 51; }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 242.}{
\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab LAND FOR}{\i\insrsid14776484  }{\insrsid14776484 3 PLOUGHS. For the Latin }{\i\insrsid14776484 terram}{\insrsid14776484 , accusative, see 4,1 land note.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 6,12\tab SAWTRY. There were later two parishes, Sawtry All Saints and Sawtry St Andrew, as well as an extra-parochial area, Sawtry St Judith. The four holdings here (see also 19,1. 20,2. 29,6) plus Glatton (9,1
) made up a unit of 30 hides, but apart from Countess Judith's holding (20,2) the internal divisions of the vill and later 'villages' are not round figures of hides. The Ramsey Abbey manor was 'Sawtry Moyne', named from a family of later subtenants: }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\insrsid14776484 
, ii. p. 659. It had been granted to the abbey by Countess Aethelflaeda, the first wife of Ealdorman Aethelwine, or by Aethelwine himself and is mentioned in the 'confirmation' of King Edgar. The holding remained in the abbey's hands until the 
sixteenth century but was granted in 1510-1511 to Sawtry Abbey (Cistercian, founded in 1147 as a dependency of Warden Abbey: Knowles and Hadcock, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Medieval Religious Houses}{\insrsid14776484 , pp. 114, 125). See }{\i\insrsid14776484 
VCH}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , iii. p. 204. In later times it incorporated the hamlet of }{\i\insrsid14776484 Ludyngton'}{\insrsid14776484  (Lutton, 6,14, a separate manor in 1086): }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Rotuli Hundredorum}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 660.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab LAND FOR 12 PLOUGHS. [***]. The main scribe of Great Domesday left blank the remaining quarter of a line after this. It is possible that he thought that he
 might need to add details concerning lordship plough(land)s additional to the 7 \'bd hides and \'bd virgate of taxable land, as he did in 6,13. See B21 ploughs note.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid14776484 6,13\tab 
ELTON. This was an Ancient Parish. The vill was divided between Huntingdonshire and Northamptonshire}{\i\insrsid14776484  }{\insrsid14776484 
in 1086. Portions in Northamptonshire (NTH 6,9. 9,3) were held by the Abbot of Ramsey as here and by the Abbot of Peterborough. The Northamptonshire portion was transferred to Huntingdonshire in the 1840s.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\i\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab }{\insrsid14776484 
This manor was given to the abbey (10
16 x 1034) by Aethelric, Bishop of Dorchester-on-Thames, together with 3 hides at Broughton (6,3) for the supplies of the monks, perhaps in recompense for his cracking the abbey's bell when the future bishop was a pupil at its school. It is said to have b
een confirmed on the abbey by Edward the Confessor }{\i\insrsid14776484 c.}{\insrsid14776484  1062 and remained with it until the Dissolution: the Ramsey Chronicle (Macray, pp. 135-40, 144); the Ramsey Cartulary (Hart and Lyons, i. p. 267); Sawyer, }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\insrsid14776484 , no. 1030 (= }{\i\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 39 no. 47); }{\i\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 234 no. 320; }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 158 nos. 1262, 1262a, p. 246 no. 1686; }{\i\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\insrsid14776484 , i. p. 196, ii. p. 656; }{\i\insrsid14776484 Feudal Aids}{\insrsid14776484 
, ii. p. 473; }{\i\insrsid14776484 Taxatio Ecclesiastica}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 50; }{\i\insrsid14776484 Valor Ecclesiasticus}{\insrsid14776484 , iv. p. 271; }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{
\insrsid14776484 , iii. p. 158.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab LAND FOR 4 PLOUGHS. For the Latin }{\i\insrsid14776484 terram}{\insrsid14776484 , accusative, see 4,1 land note.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 6,14\tab LUTTON. This was an Ancient Parish. The vill was divided between counties in 1086. Rams
ey Abbey held another portion in Northamptonshire (NTH 9,2) as did the men of Peterborough Abbey (NTH 6a,11). The whole was incorporated into Northamptonshire in 1895.
\par }{\i\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab }{\insrsid14776484 This estate was apparently acquired in 1055 from Peterborough Abbey, in exchange for Marholm, Northamptonshire: Sawyer, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\insrsid14776484 , no. 1110 (= }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 112 no. 167); Harmer, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Anglo-Saxon}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Writs}{\insrsid14776484 
 no. 62 and p. 478. Lutton was later held by the abbey as part of Sawtry (6,12 Sawtry note).}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab IN LORDSHIP \'bd PLOUGH. The other \'bd plough was held by a villager on the abbot's land in Northamptonshire (NTH 9,2).}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab EDRIC. The Domesday forms of this name - }{\i\insrsid14776484 Edric}{\insrsid14776484 (}{\i\insrsid14776484 us}{\insrsid14776484 ), }{\i\insrsid14776484 Aedricus}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Edericus}{\insrsid14776484 
, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Eadricus}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Headricus}{\insrsid14776484  etc. - represent Old English }{\i\insrsid14776484 Eadric}{\insrsid14776484 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Pre-Conquest 
Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid14776484 , pp. 233-36. JRM preferred the first element}{\i\insrsid14776484  }{\insrsid14776484 Ed- for Old English }{\i\insrsid14776484 Ead-}{\insrsid14776484 , as the vast majority of Domesday forms have }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Ed-}{\insrsid14776484 . In the Phillimore printed translations of LIN and YKS, however, the form Eadric was used; it has now bee
n standardized as Edric. The Alecto edition has Eadric, except for SFK 6,203 (where it has Edric, perhaps an error). This is the only occurrence of this name in Domesday Huntingdonshire.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 6,15\tab YELLING. This was an Ancient Parish. The abbey held two 5-hide e
states here in 1066, but by 1086 one of them was in the hands of Aubrey de Vere (22,1). The present 5 hides had originally been granted to Ely Abbey, then, by an arrangement with Ealdorman Aethelwine, were exchanged by the abbey (along with 6 hides in Wen
n
ington and 30 hides in Hemingford) for 40 hides in Hatfield, Hertfordshire. Wennington (6,2 Ripton note), Hemingford (6,16-18) and Yelling all descended to Ramsey Abbey at different times. This Yelling came to the widow Leofgifu who gave it to the abbey i
n 1056 together with Great Staughton (2,2) and Dillington (6,20); it appears in King Edward's 'confirmation'. On the history of the estate, see the Ramsey Chronicle (Macray, pp. 54-55); the }{\i\insrsid14776484 Liber Eliensis}{\insrsid14776484 
 (Blake, pp. 79-81, 127, 419); }{\i\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 234 no. 318, p. 238 no. 326; }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 305.

\par }{\i\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab }{\insrsid14776484 The manor later became known as Butlers or Ashfields. Ramsey Abbey's overlordship later}{\i\insrsid14776484  }{\insrsid14776484 lapsed and it was held from the Crown: }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{
\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 381.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab SWEIN [* OF ESSEX *]. The Domesday forms of this name - }{\i\insrsid14776484 Suain}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Suen(us)}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Suuen}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Suein}{
\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Suuain}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Suan(us)}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Suuan}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Suin}{\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\insrsid14776484 us}{\insrsid14776484 
] etc. - represent Old Norse }{\i\insrsid14776484 Sveinn}{\insrsid14776484 , Old Danish/Old Swedish }{\i\insrsid14776484 Sven}{\insrsid14776484 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid14776484 
, pp. 380-81. JRM preferred the form Swein. In the Phillimore printed editions of Yorkshire and Lincolnshire this name appears as Sveinn, but has been standardized for the present edition. The Alecto edition also has Swein.
\par \tab \tab The name Swein occurs twice in
 Domesday Huntingdonshire, on both occasions as a landowner in 1086 (when the name was uncommon), on holdings in the same hundred which lay five miles from each other; it is therefore more likely than not that the Swein of 6,15 was the tenant-in-chief Swe
in of Essex of HUN 16 (JP).}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 6,16\tab HEMINGFORD [ABBOTS]. The two later settlements (and Ancient Parishes) of Hemingford Abbots and Hemingford Grey are represented in Domesday Book by two 20-hide units. The first consists of the abbey's 18-hide manor (6,16), to
gether with the 1 hide held under it by Ralph son of Osmund but subject to dispute (6,17), plus a further hide held by him apparently in chief, but probably alienated from the abbey (27,1). The other 20-hide Hemingford consisted of the 5 hides retained by
 Ramsey (6,18), 4 hides held by Eustace the sheriff (19,23) and 11 hides held by Aubrey de Vere and by Ralph son of Osmund under him (22,2).
\par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\i\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab }{\insrsid14776484 
30 hides in Hemingford (ultimately split between 20 hides in Hemingford Abbots and 10 hides in Hemingford Grey) were given to Ely Abbey between 973 and 975 by the will of Wulfstan of Dalham: the }{\i\insrsid14776484 Liber Eliensis}{\insrsid14776484 
 (Blake, pp. 79-80, 126-27, 419); }{\i\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 26 no. 17. Ely Abbey gave these 30 hides, plus 6 hides in Wennington in Abbots Ripton (6,
2 Ripton note) and 5 hides in Yelling (6,15), to Ealdorman Aethelwine in exchange for Hatfield, Hertfordshire: the Ramsey Chronicle (Macray, pp. 54-55); }{\i\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\insrsid14776484 
, p. 234 no. 318. Of these 30 hides, the abbey only held 24 hides in 1086, of which 1 hide (6,17) held by Ralph son of Osmund seemed effectively to have been alienated.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\i\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab }{\insrsid14776484 A further 11 hides described as }{
\i\insrsid14776484 terram orientalem de Hemmingeforde}{\insrsid14776484  ('the eastern land of Hemingford'), which became known as Hemingford Grey, were given (1
040 x 1042) to the abbey by King Harthacnut at the request of his mother Aelfgifu (Emma) and for the soul of his father (King Cnut), together with a further 5 hides in Yelling (22,1), a grant confirmed by Edward the Confessor: }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Early Charters of Eastern England}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 235 no. 322; the Ramsey Chronicle (Macray, p. 152); the }{\i\insrsid14776484 Liber Eliensis}{\insrsid14776484  (Blake, p. 419); Harmer, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Anglo-Saxon Writs}{\insrsid14776484 
, p. 257 nos. 57-58). These 11 hides were held by the abbey at the Conquest, but by 1086 had been seized by Aubrey de Vere (22,2 Hemingford note).
\par \tab \tab The abbey retained the present 18-hide estate after 1086 and until the Dissolution: the Ramsey Cartulary (Hart and Lyons, iii. p. 209); }{\i\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 680; }{\i\insrsid14776484 Feudal Aids}{
\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 469; }{\i\insrsid14776484 Valor Ecclesiasticus}{\insrsid14776484 , iv. p. 271; }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 304.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 6,17\tab MARGINAL }{\i\insrsid14776484 M}{\insrsid14776484 . This was omitted in error in the Phillimore printed translation but corrected here.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab THERE ALSO. That is, in Hemingford [Abbots]. For the earlier history, see 6,16 Hemingford note.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab GODRIC. On this name, see 2,5 Godric note.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab LAND FOR 1 PLOUGH. For Latin }{\i\insrsid14776484 terram}{\insrsid14776484 , accusative, see 4,1 land note.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid14776484 \tab 
NOW RALPH SON OF OSMUND HAS IT. He also held the 11 hides at Hemingford Grey under Aubrey de Vere (22,2) and 1 hide of Hemingford Abbots ostensibly as tenant-in-chief at 2
7,1. Both this present hide and the one in 27,1 are the subject of Declarations (D8). Of this hide it is said that, as here, Godric held from the abbot, but it adds that the abbot had (presumably later) given it to Saewine the falconer, from whom Ralph's 
father Osmund had seized it during the abbot's absence. The hide returned to the abbey according to the Ramsey Cartulary (Hart and Lyons, i. p. 146) and may have been the one granted (back) to the abbey (1114 x 1130) by Hugh son of Alwold (}{
\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 304).
\par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab 
A writ of William II, addressed to Ranulf brother of Ilger (then sheriff) instructs him to re-seise the Abbot of Ramsey of land in }{\i\insrsid14776484 Hyrst}{\insrsid14776484 
 held by William son of Osmund 'and to free the land of the hawk that William keeps there'. In the similar writ of Henry I, William is called William }{\i\insrsid14776484 accipitrarius}{\insrsid14776484  ('hawker' or 'falconer'): }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\insrsid14776484 , i.}{\i\insrsid14776484  }{\insrsid14776484 p. 111 no. 447, ii. p. 19 no. 574. These writs have been seen as relating to the present holding both by the editors of }{\i\insrsid14776484 Regesta Reg
um Anglo-Normannorum}{\insrsid14776484 
, i. and by D. Bates, 'Two Ramsey Writs', p. 338. This is no doubt because it is assumed that William son of Osmund inherited his brother Ralph's 1 hide. However, William could have held a quite separate hide under the abbot, as the place-name }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Hyrst}{\insrsid14776484  has no apparent connection with Hemingford, and is more likely to refer to Woodhurst, Old Hurst or }{\i\insrsid14776484 Derhirst}{\insrsid14776484  (lost) in St Ives (6,7 St Ives note). See also Fleming, }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 177 no. 833.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab The Domesday forms of Ralph - }{\i\insrsid14776484 Rad
ulfus}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Radulf}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Radolf}{\insrsid14776484  - represent Old German }{\i\insrsid14776484 Radulf}{\insrsid14776484 , from which Norman }{\i\insrsid14776484 Radulf}{
\insrsid14776484  and Old French }{\i\insrsid14776484 Raoul}{\insrsid14776484  were derived: von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 345. Ralph, which also derives from }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Radulf}{\insrsid14776484  and }{\i\insrsid14776484 Raoul}{\insrsid14776484  (Reaney, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Dictionary of British Surnames}{\insrsid14776484 
), was chosen by JRM. The Alecto edition also has Ralph, for both 1086 and 1066 holders, except for the }{\i\insrsid14776484 T.R.E.}{\insrsid14776484 
 holders in WIL 55,2 and CON 5,1,6 where it has Radulf, perhaps in error. The Domesday forms of his father's name - }{\i\insrsid14776484 Osmund}{\insrsid14776484 (}{\i\insrsid14776484 us}{\insrsid14776484 ), }{\i\insrsid14776484 Hosmund}{\insrsid14776484 
[}{\i\insrsid14776484 us}{\insrsid14776484 ], }{\i\insrsid14776484 Hosmunt}{\insrsid14776484  - represent Old English }{\i\insrsid14776484 Osmund}{\insrsid14776484 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{
\insrsid14776484 , p. 340, though he mentioned that a possible base is also Old Norse }{\i\insrsid14776484 Asmundr}{\insrsid14776484 , Old Danish }{\i\insrsid14776484 Asmund}{\insrsid14776484 . The Alecto edition also has Osmund.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid14776484 6,18\tab IN ANO
THER [ESTATE CALLED] HEMINGFORD [* HEMINGFORD [GREY] *]. }{\i\insrsid14776484 Alia}{\insrsid14776484 
 is probably an editorial ellipsis for 'another estate called Hemingford', and does not, in itself, imply the existence of a separate vill or village, though at an unknown date two separate settl
ements did in fact develop out of the land-unit of Hemingford and }{\i\insrsid14776484 alia}{\insrsid14776484  is used routinely in the Ramsey Cartulary to distinguish the two. On the meaning of }{\i\insrsid14776484 alia}{\insrsid14776484  and }{
\i\insrsid14776484 altera }{\insrsid14776484 in these contexts, see Thorn, 'Manorial Affixes'.
\par \tab \tab This was an Ancient Parish. For its connection with the other estates at Hemingford, see 6,16 Hemingford note.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\i\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab }{\insrsid14776484 This estate in }{
\i\insrsid14776484 alia Hemyngford}{\insrsid14776484  is held by Reginald }{\i\insrsid14776484 le Grey}{\insrsid14776484  in the Ramsey Cartulary (Hart and Lyons, i. pp. 267-73), but the abbey retained the overlordship.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid14776484 \tab AUBREY DE VERE. He
 held another 11 hides here, ostensibly in chief (22,2).
\par \tab \tab The Domesday forms of Aubrey - }{\i\insrsid14776484 Albericus}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Alberi}{\insrsid14776484 (}{\i\insrsid14776484 c}{\insrsid14776484 ) - represent Old German }{\i\insrsid14776484 Albericus }{\insrsid14776484 
(a stereotyped Latin form of which the English equivalent is }{\i\insrsid14776484 \'c6lfric}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Alfric}{\insrsid14776484 ) and Old French }{\i\insrsid14776484 Aubri}{\insrsid14776484 : Forssner, }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Continental-Germanic Personal Names in England}{\insrsid14776484 , pp. 18-19. The Old German names }{\i\insrsid14776484 Alberic}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Albric}{\insrsid14776484  are recorded in von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid14776484 , pp. 143, 180 (under }{\i\insrsid14776484 \'c6lfric}{\insrsid14776484 ). As Aubrey is the modern form of this name JRM chose that. The Alecto edition also has Aubrey.}{\insrsid16282231 

\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid14776484 6,19\tab 
OFFORD [D'ARCY]. This was an Ancient Parish. The combined total of Offord [D'Arcy] and Offord [Cluny] was 20 hides, which consisted of two 10-hide units, one consisting of Offord Cluny alone (18,1) and the other, O
fford D'Arcy, divided between Ramsey Abbey, Eustace the sheriff (19,25) and Countess Judith (20,7). On the affix D'Arcy, see 20,7 Offord note.
\par }{\i\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab }{\insrsid14776484 This estate seems to have been acquired early in the eleventh century. Osgot Swegn leased Westmill, Hertfordshire, which was to revert to the abbey on his death, and at that same time his own estate at }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Uppefordia}{\insrsid14776484  would be given to the abbey: the Ramsey Chronicle (Macray, p. 145); }{\i\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 234 no. 321. It does not appear in the confirmat
ions of Edward the Confessor, William I or Pope Alexander III. The estate was held by the abbey in later times by a William }{\i\insrsid14776484 de Broctone}{\insrsid14776484 
 and became known as Broughton's manor. It was abbey property at the Dissolution: }{\i\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 668; }{\i\insrsid14776484 Valor Ecclesiasticus}{\insrsid14776484 , iv. p. 271; }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{
\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 324.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab OF THESE ... 2 PLOUGHS IN LORDSHIP. This information was added by the main scribe of Great Domesday at the same time as several other pieces concerning the exemption of lordship land; see B21 ploughs note.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab INLAND. The lord's land, usually exempt from tax, comparable with }{\i\insrsid14776484 dominium }{\insrsid14776484 ('lordship').}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 6,20\tab DILLINGTON. It was in Great Staughton Ancient Parish. A part of the early history of this estate might be contained in a highly suspect grant of 5 hides by King Wulfhere dating from 674: Sawyer, }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\insrsid14776484 , no. 67 (= }{\i\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\insrsid14776484 
, p. 22 no. 3). Greater certainty attaches to the grant of Dillington with Great Staughton (see 2,2) and 5 hides in Yelling (6,15) by Leofgifu a widow in 1056: }{\i\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\insrsid14776484 
, p. 238 no. 326 (= the Ramsey Chronicle (Macray, p. 199)). The land was confirmed by the Conqueror and by Pope Alexander III (see \{Ramsey Abbey\}), and remained in the abbey's hands until the Dissolution: }{\i\insrsid14776484 Feudal Aids}{
\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 469; }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. pp. 359-60. The holding was described as }{\i\insrsid14776484 Dilinton' et Bichamstede}{\insrsid14776484 
 ('Beachampstead', lost: }{\i\insrsid14776484 Place-names of}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 268) in }{\i\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\insrsid14776484 
, ii. p. 666 (20,6 Eynesbury note). It is coupled with }{\i\insrsid14776484 Pyrie}{\insrsid14776484  (West Perry, 19,30) in the }{\i\insrsid14776484 Lay Subsidy Rolls}{\insrsid14776484 
 (1334), p. 137. Concerning 'Beachampstead', a document of 1605 gives the alternatives }{\i\insrsid14776484 Croftes alias Beauffittes alias Beachampstead}{\insrsid14776484 :}{\i\insrsid14776484  VCH}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}
{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 364. On the name-form, see Sandred, 'Beachampstead'.
\par }{\i\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab }{\insrsid14776484 Ramsey Abbey also held Midloe (TL1664) in later times and granted it }{\i\insrsid14776484 c.}{\insrsid14776484 
 1135 to Warden Abbey. Its early history is obscure, but it might have been a part of Dillington: the Ramsey Cartulary (Hart and Lyons, ii. pp. 266, 272); }{\i\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 686; }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Valor Ecclesiasticus}{\insrsid14776484 , iv. p. 271; }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 318.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 6,21\tab [GREAT] GIDDING. This was an Ancient Parish. The Great Domesday form }{\i\insrsid14776484 Redinges}{\insrsid14776484  is the result of confusion between the late Old English letters }{\i\insrsid14776484 g}{\insrsid14776484 
 and }{\i\insrsid14776484 r}{\insrsid14776484  (}{\i\insrsid14776484 Place-names of}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 240).
\par }{\i\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab }{\insrsid14776484 The 1 hide here, together with the 2 \'bd}{\i\insrsid14776484  }{\insrsid14776484 hides of Luddington-in-the-Brook (19,19) and the 1 \'bd
 hides of Thurning (5,2) made a 5-hide unit. Otherwise, the estates at Gidding (less 1,6; see 1,6 Gidding note) together with Coppingford (11,
2) would have formed a 20-hide unit. In 1086, Ramsey Abbey held 1 hide in Great Gidding (6,21) and 7 hides in Steeple Gidding (6,25). The present Gidding, together with }{\i\insrsid14776484 Weletona}{\insrsid14776484 
, was given to the abbey as part of its foundation grant by Ealdorman Aethelwine: the Ramsey Chronicle (Macray, pp. 52-55); }{\i\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\insrsid14776484 
, p. 231 no. 311. The joint extent was 10 hides, and it is not certain if that was an approximation, or whether the abbey had lost 2 hides by 1086. Hart (}{\i\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 232) identified }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Weletona}{\insrsid14776484 
 as Woodwalton, but Woodwalton was 5 hides in Great Domesday (14,1) and only came into the abbey's hands after 1086. The name-form does not suggest evolution to 'Walton'. It is more likely a lost 'Welton' in or adjacent to Gidding; see }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 246 no. 1686.
\par }{\i\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab }{\insrsid14776484 The abbey retained both its Giddings after 1086: 8 hides were held in }{\i\insrsid14776484 Giddinge cum alia Gyddinge}{\insrsid14776484 
 in the Ramsey Cartulary (Hart and Lyons, iii. p. 209), and 7 hides in }{\i\insrsid14776484 Geddingge}{\insrsid14776484  and 1 hide }{\i\insrsid14776484 in alia Geddingge}{\insrsid14776484 
 in the Ramsey Cartulary (Hart and Lyons, iii. p. 220, see i. p. 268, ii. p. 136); }{\i\insrsid14776484 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 292 no. 1915; }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , iii. p. 57.
\par }{\i\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab }{\insrsid14776484 The present 1-hide manor was later known as 'Gidding Moyne' or 'Clarevaux': }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , iii. p. 50.}{
\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab "LUNEN" <OF GLATTON>. In the manuscript this is }{\i\insrsid14776484 Iunen}{\insrsid14776484  and was correctly transcribed by Farley (}{\i\insrsid14776484 pace, }{\insrsid14776484 
JRM). The main scribe's source probably had a malformed }{\i\insrsid14776484 L}{\insrsid14776484  or }{\i\insrsid14776484 l}{\insrsid14776484 , which he misread. In the only other occurr
ence of this name in Domesday, as the tenant of all four of Count Eustace's holdings in this county (HUN 9; see 9,4), the form is }{\i\insrsid14776484 Lunen}{\insrsid14776484 
. It is not known what name is represented by this form, so it has been decided for the present edition to keep to the Domesday form of 9,4. It appears as Lunen in the Phillimore printed edition and in the Alecto edition. According to Keats-Rohan, }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Domesday People}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 292, the descent of this holding and of those in HUN 9 confirms that the same individual was concerned. Glatton, a few miles from Great Gidding, was Count Eustace's largest holding (9,1).}{
\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab MEADOW, 6 ACRES. The Latin }{\i\insrsid14776484 acras}{\insrsid14776484  (accusative) implies that "Lunen" holds the meadow too. The Latin case of the villagers and smallholders is unclear. For a list of other occu
rrences, see 5,2 meadow note.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 6,22\tab BYTHORN. It was a chapelry of Brington (6,23). Land here was granted with Ellington (6,26) by Ealdorman Aelfwold (died 990), the younger brother of Earl Aethelwine. It was confirmed on the abbey by his widow: the Ramsey C
artulary (Hart and Lyons, iii. p. 166); }{\i\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 31 no. 26 (= Sawyer, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\insrsid14776484 
, no. 1808). Though specified as a manor in its own right in 1086, it was later, like Brington (6,23), a dependency of Old Weston (6,24) but it continued to be held by the abbey until the Dissolution: }{\i\insrsid14776484 Valor Ecclesiasticus}{
\insrsid14776484 , iv. p. 271; }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , iii. p. 26.
\par }{\i\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab }{\insrsid14776484 A writ of William II addressed to 'Ranulf son of Ilger, the sheriff' (that is, Ranulf brother of Ilger) instructs him to re-seise the Abbot of Ramsey of \'bd hide here taken by Humphrey the larderer: }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\insrsid14776484 , i. p. 104 no. 413; see }{\i\insrsid14776484 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 246 no. 1686. His subtenancy is not mentioned in Great Domesday.}{
\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab 1 HIDE. See \{Introduction: Lordship Land\}.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab OF THIS LAND. This corrects the Phillimore printed translation; see the Additions and Corrections: Huntingdonshire at the end of the Phillimore Staffordshire edition.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab OF LAND. This was omitted in error in the Phillimore printed translation, as also in the subholding in 19,15.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid14776484 6,23\tab 
BRINGTON. This was an Ancient Parish. This estate was obtained by Ealdorman Aethelwine from his father Ealdorman Aethelstan and granted to the abbey at its foundation: }{\i\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\insrsid14776484 
, p. 231 no. 311. After 1086, this manor, like Bythorn, became a dependency of Old Weston (6,24) and descended with it.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab 1 HIDE. See \{Introduction: Lordship Land\}.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid14776484 6,24\tab [OLD] WESTON. This was an A
ncient Parish, later a chapelry of Brington (6,24). 'Old' is a corruption of Old English }{\i\insrsid14776484 weald }{\insrsid14776484 ('wold'): }{\i\insrsid14776484 Place-names of}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 
, p. 250.
\par }{\i\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab Westona}{\insrsid14776484  was given by King Edgar (957-975) to Aelfwyn his nurse who was married to Ealdorman Aethelstan, and t
hen by their son Ealdorman Aethelwine to the abbey at its foundation: the Ramsey Chronicle (Macray, pp. 11-12, 52-55); the Ramsey Cartulary (Hart and Lyons, iii. pp. 165-66); }{\i\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\insrsid14776484 
, p. 231 no. 310; }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , iii. p. 1
16. Old Weston was united after 1086 with Bythorn (6,22) and Brington (6,23) into a single manor which continued in the abbey's possession: the Ramsey Cartulary (Hart and Lyons, iii. p. 311); }{\i\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\insrsid14776484 
, ii. p. 629; }{\i\insrsid14776484 Feudal Aids}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. pp. 467, 471; }{\i\insrsid14776484 Valor Ecclesiasticus}{\insrsid14776484 , iv. p. 271.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab 2 HIDES. See \{Introduction: Lordship Land\}.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 6,25\tab [STEEPLE] GIDDING. This was an Ancient Parish. It was also called Gidding }{\i\insrsid14776484 Abbatis}{\insrsid14776484 : }{\i\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\insrsid14776484 , i. p. 197; }{\i\insrsid14776484 Feudal Aids}
{\insrsid14776484 , ii. pp. 467, 471. For the history, see 6,21 Gidding note.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab 1 HIDE. See \{Introduction: Lordship Land\}.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 6,26\tab ELLINGTON. This was an Ancient Parish. It was granted with Bythorn (6,22) by Ealdorman Aelfwold (died 990), the younger brother of Earl Aethelwine. It was confirmed on the abbey by his widow: the
 Ramsey Cartulary (Hart and Lyons, iii. p. 166); Sawyer, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\insrsid14776484 , no. 1808 (= }{\i\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 31 no. 26); }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{
\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , iii. p. 44. It ceased to be a manor after 1086 and, like Bythorn, became a dependency of Old Weston (6,24), continuing with it until the Dissolution: }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 97 no. 967; }{\i\insrsid14776484 Feudal Aids}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. pp. 467, 471; }{\i\insrsid14776484 Taxatio Ecclesiastica}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 51.
\par \tab \tab It is possible that Ellington was originally part of the royal manor of Brampton (1,8), if a precept of Henry I dating from 1106 x 1123 preserves the echo of a connection by service: }{\i\insrsid14776484 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{
\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 196 no.1438a. In it the king instructs that the Abbot of Ramsey is to be quit of service at Brampton if he can show that none of his predecessors did it.
\par \tab \tab It appears anyway that the king or a servant had intruded on Ellington other than by annexing part of the arable to his wood, since }{\i\insrsid14776484 c}{\insrsid14776484 
. 1110 Henry I announced that he had made an agreement between his steward William an
d Abbot Aelfwine [of Ramsey] to the effect that William should hold Ellington for his lifetime but that after his death all the lordship land should revert to the abbey, although 'his heirs shall only retain so much of the land in fee as William found in 
that manor':}{\i\insrsid14776484  Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\insrsid14776484 
, ii. p. 97 no. 967. It looks as if William had held part of the manor (legally under the abbot, or illegally by seizure), but had also adopted some or all of the lordship land.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab THE KING'S WOODLAND. This was probably the later royal forest of Weybridge appurtenant to Brampton; see }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 
, iii. p. 7; and 1,8 Brampton note. The hide was subsequently lost to the abbey by royal command: }{\i\insrsid14776484 et decima hida est in nemore Walberg}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 per praeceptum henrici regis}{\insrsid14776484 
 ('and the tenth hide is in the wood of Weybridge by command of King Henry'): the Ramsey Cartulary (Hart and Lyons, iii. p. 305).}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab 2 HIDES. See \{Introduction: Lordship Land\}.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 7\tab LAND OF ST MARY'S, THORNEY. A Benedictine Abbey. It may have originated as an a
nchorite settlement known as "Ancarig", founded by Saxulf, the first Abbot of Peterborough (654-675). This early monastery was destroyed by the Danes and replaced by a Benedictine Abbey dedicated to St Mary, founded 972-973 by Aethelwold, Bishop of Winche
ster (963-984), supported by King Edgar who issued a charter of confirmation in 973.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab The abbots who spanned the Domesday period were:
\par \tab \tab }{\i\insrsid14776484 c}{\insrsid14776484 . 1068-1084/1085 Fulcard (Folcard), a monk of Saint-Bertin, possibly only acting as}{\insrsid8127684  }{\insrsid14776484 abbot
\par \tab \tab 1085-1112 Gunter of Le Mans, a royal chaplain and Archdeacon of Salisbury,}{\insrsid8127684  }{\insrsid14776484 formerly a monk of the Abbey of Saint-Wandrille in Normandy and}{\insrsid8127684  }{\insrsid14776484 of Battle Abbey in Sussex}{
\insrsid8127684 .}{\insrsid14776484 
\par \tab See Knowles, Brooke and London, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Heads of Religious Houses}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 74}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab All eight entries in this fief lie in a single hundred: Normancross Hundred.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 7,1\tab YAXLEY. This was an Ancient Parish. The estate included Farcet (TL2094). Its early history is complex and obscure partly because it is based on documents that are self-interested forgeries. Hart (}{\i\insrsid14776484 
Early Charters of Eastern England}{\insrsid14776484 , pp. 161-65) has attempted a clarification, which nonetheless leaves some loose ends. 10 }{\i\insrsid14776484 man}{\insrsid14776484 s}{\i\insrsid14776484 ae}{\insrsid14776484  at }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Geakeslea}{\insrsid14776484  and 5 hides at }{\i\insrsid14776484 Fearresheafde}{\insrsid14776484 , which together are equal to the Great Domesday hidage of Yaxley, were said to have been granted by King Eadwig in 956 to his thane Aelfwine: Sawyer, }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\insrsid14776484 , no. 595 (= }{\i\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\insrsid14776484 
, p. 23 no. 8, see pp. 159-65). However, unless this was a temporary confiscation, it contradicts other evidence, for, during the reign of an earlier kin
g, Eadred (946-955), Yaxley was in the hands of Aelfsige (son of Brihtsige) and presumably passed without interruption to his son Wulfstan Uccea, for Yaxley, together with Ailsworth in Northamptonshire, was acquired by Bishop Aethelweald from this Wulfsta
n Uccea (963 x 975) in exchange for 24 hides in Washington in Sussex: Sawyer, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\insrsid14776484 , no. 1377 (= }{\i\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 25 no. 12 = Robertson, }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\insrsid14776484 , no. xxxvii pp. 69, 322-24). Wulfstan then apparently tried to undo the transaction, so Bishop Aethelweald bought the estate again.
\par \tab \tab In one version of the 'foundation charter' of Edgar (Sawyer, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\insrsid14776484 , no. 792 = }{\i\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\insrsid14776484 
, p. 26 no. 16, see pp. 170, 179) 25 hides called }{\i\insrsid14776484 Geakeslea}{\insrsid14776484  (also called in the same entry }{\i\insrsid14776484 aet twam geakeslean}{\insrsid14776484  and }{\i\insrsid14776484 aet farresheafde}{\insrsid14776484 :}{
\i\insrsid14776484  }{\insrsid14776484 'at the two Yaxleys' and 'at Farcet') were given to Thorney Abbey. In another version the figures are 17 hides in Yaxley and 8 hides in Farcet. These figures are in excess of the com
bined figure for Yaxley and Farcet in Great Domesday Book, but could be explained by a confusion of figures in copying or 'editing' the charter for the cartulary. Ailsworth, Northamptonshire, rated at 9 hides in Great Domesday, had}{\i\insrsid14776484  }{
\insrsid14776484 been part of the exchang
e for Washington and with this deduction one returns to nearly the 15 hides of Farcet/ Yaxley. One notes that the 9 hides of Ailsworth and 15 hides of Yaxley /Farcet are a fair exchange for the 24 hides of Washington. The significance of the 'two Yaxleys'
 is unclear; it seems unnecessary to assume (with Hart, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\insrsid14776484 
, pp. 161-64) the existence of a separate 10-hide 'fenland manor' of Yaxley whose hidage then disappears. The exact sequence of transactions is also unclear. In one version of the charter Farcet is also said to have been given to Peterborough Abbey (}{
\i\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\insrsid14776484 , pp. 159, 170, 179) and this is borne out by a record of the gifts of Bishop Aethelweald to Peterborough Abbey: Sawyer, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\insrsid14776484 
, no. 1448 (= }{\i\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 25 no. 13 = Robertson, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\insrsid14776484 
, no. xxxix pp. 73, 325-30). These gifts include stock at Yaxley, 16 able-bodied men and 8 young men at Farcet, as well as half of Whittlesey Mere and the tithe 
of 'the two hundreds that owe suit to Normancross'. Peterborough Abbey's interest in Whittlesey Mere depended on its estate at Farcet, but when Thorney acquired that manor in exchange for land in the soke of Peterborough at Wittering, Oxney and Thorpe, Pe
terborough's interest was safeguarded by the provisions contained in 7,8; see }{\i\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\insrsid14776484 , pp. 163-64; King, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Peterborough Abbey,}{\insrsid14776484  pp. 7, 92.}{
\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\i\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab }{\insrsid14776484 Yaxley became an important estate of the abbots of Thorney and it is possibly for that reason
 that it appears first in the fief. The abbots were or were to become the lords of Normancross Hundred whose moot site lay within the manor: see \{Introduction: Hundreds\}. After 1086, Yaxley with Farcet remained with the abbey until the Dissolution; see 
}{\i\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\insrsid14776484 , i. p. 196; ii. p. 640; }{\i\insrsid14776484 Feudal Aids}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 473; }{\i\insrsid14776484 Taxatio Ecclesiastica}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 50; }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Monasticon Anglicanum}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. pp. 598-99, 605, 613; }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 
, iii. pp. 166, 241. A market in Yaxley was granted by William Rufus and re-granted by Henry I: }{\i\insrsid14776484 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\insrsid14776484 , i. p. 115 no. 477, ii. pp. 242-43 nos. 1664, 1666; }{\i\insrsid14776484 
English Episcopal Acta}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 I:}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Lincoln}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 165 no. 265.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 7,2\tab 
STANGROUND. This was an Ancient Parish. It was apparently granted or confirmed by King Edgar, though it is absent from the foundation charter. It continued to be held by Thorney Abbey until the Dissolution and was sometimes said to include }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Farsheved}{\insrsid14776484  (Farcet, see 7,1): }{\i\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\insrsid14776484 , i. p. 196, ii. p. 645; }{\i\insrsid14776484 Feudal Aids}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 474; }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Taxatio Ecclesiastica}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 50; }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , iii. p. 213.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid14776484 \tab 3 HIDES. }{\insrsid14776484 See \{Introduction: Lordship Land\}.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 6 SMALLHOLDERS [***]. The scribe left a space of about a quarter of a line after this, almost certainly for the ploughs belonging to the villagers and smallholders; after }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 bord'}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  there is no punctuation.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 7,3\tab WOODSTON. This was an Ancient Parish. It was obtained by Bishop Aethelweald from King Edgar in exchange for }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Paeninctun}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
 (Hampshire, unidentified). It was confirmed on the abbey by the latter in 973 (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 179) and held by it until the Dissolution: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
Rotuli Hundredorum}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , i. p. 196, ii. p. 641; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Feudal Aids}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 474; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Taxatio Ecclesiastica}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 50; }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Monasticon Anglicanum}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. pp. 598-99; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , iii. p. 233.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab Woodston is the modern spelling, replacing an earlier Woodstone.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 1 \'bd}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 HIDES. See \{Introduction: Lordship Land\}.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 7,4\tab 
HADDON. This was an Ancient Parish. The 5 hides here were granted in 951 by King Eadred to his thane Aelfsige: Sawyer, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , no. 556 (= }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
Early Charters of Eastern England}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 23 no. 6, pp. 155-59). It is unclear how they came into the 
hands of Thorney Abbey, but it was probably via Aelfsige's son Wulfstan Uccea, and therefore possibly via Bishop Aethelweald, in the same way as Yaxley (6,1). However, it is not certain when the land came to the abbey. The }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
Rotuli Hundredorum}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , (ii. p. 644) state that it was granted by King Edgar in free and perpetual alms, although it does not appear in the foundation charter: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , pp. 157-58.}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 It continued to be a possession of the abbey until the Dissolution: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Feudal Aids}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 473; }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Taxatio Ecclesiastica}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 50; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , iii. p. 182.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 

\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 1 \'bd}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  }{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 HIDES. See \{Introduction: Lordship Land\}.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 7,5\tab [WATER] NEWTON. This was an Ancient Parish. An estate at }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Niwantun}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  was granted in 937 by King Athelstan to Sigulf. The identity of this
 with Water Newton depends on the identification of the river mentioned in the charter: Sawyer, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , no. 437 (= }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 22 no. 4; see p. 153); see also Hart, 'Hidation of Huntingdonshire',}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 p. 62, and }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 idem, }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 'Wa
ter Newton', pp. 86-87). At all events the history of the estate is unclear until it was confirmed on the abbey by King Edgar, having been obtained by Bishop Aethelweald from a thane Aelfric Cilt (Ealdorman of Mercia in 983): }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
Early Charters of Eastern England}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , pp. 169, 178; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Monasticon Anglicanum}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. pp. 594-99).
\par }{\i\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab }{\insrsid14776484 The manor continued to be held by the abbey until the Dissolution and was later combined into a single manor with Sibson and its dependency Stibbington (7,6-7): }{\i\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{
\insrsid14776484 , ii. pp. 646, 648; }{\i\insrsid14776484 Feudal Aids}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 473; }{\i\insrsid14776484 Taxatio Ecclesiastica}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 50; }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{
\insrsid14776484 , iii. p. 230.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 1}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 HIDE. See \{Introduction: Lordship Land\}.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab ONE CUSTOMARY DUE IN THE ABBOT OF PETERBOROUGH'S WOODLAND. In Domesday Huntingdonshire there are three
 references to the Abbot of Peterborough's woodland, two relating to Chesterton (9,2. 19,8) and one to Water Newton (7,5). This might be the right to take timber or brushwood to this amount in payment, as }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , i. p. 345 note. However, in 19,8 there is a slightly longer phrase '1 customary due \'85
 which pays 2s', suggesting that this was a payment to the manor from the abbot, perhaps for help with the management and exploitation of the wood. The Peterborough manor nearest to both these places s
outh of the River Nene is Alwalton (8,2). If the woodland was north of the River Nene, in Northamptonshire, the most direct access from Water Newton and Chesterton would be along Ermine Street, crossing the River Nene by bridge or ford at TF116976. This w
o
uld lead most directly to the woodland at Castor (NTH 6,4) and at Ailsworth (NTH 6,5), but the abbey also had woodland at Thorpe (NTH 6,3), Milton (NTH 6a,2) and at Peterborough itself (NTH 6,1). There was an exceptionally large stretch of woodland (2 lea
gues by 1 league) at Wittering (NTH 6a,4). See 1,2 where the woodland belonging to Botolph Bridge is in Northamptonshire.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 7,6\tab SIBSON. This was an Ancient Parish. This manor and its dependency Stibbington (7,7) were equally divided between Thorney Abbey and 
Count Eustace (9,3-4), including the church and mill in Sibson and the villagers' ploughs at Stibbington. The pre-Conquest history of the estate and its outlier is obscure, but both continued to be held by the abbey after 1086, generally as dependencies o
f Water Newton (7,5): }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Monasticon Anglicanum}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 604; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 199 no. 1457; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , iii. pp. 217, 219.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 1}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 HIDE. See \{Introduction: Lordship Land\}.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 7,7\tab THIS ENTRY and the next one (7,8, including the assessment
 of the fisheries and meres, which really forms a separate entry and was written across the foot of both columns on the recto of folio 205) were additions to the text of Huntingdonshire, written by the main scribe of Great Domesday in a space left at the 
e
nd of chapter 7, continuing into the foot margin. The pen and ink used are quite different to those of the surrounding text, but the entries were rubricated. The unusual content of 7,8 may have led to its initial omission. It was a convenient place to add
 matters concerning the three abbots - of Thorney, Ramsey and Peterborough - after an omitted member of a Thorney manor: the lands of all three abbeys are on this page of the manuscript. It may be that the inclusion of}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  }{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 the entry concerning Whittlesey mere in Thorney's chapter is a recognition of Thorney's former pre-eminence; see 7,8 Whittlesey note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 
STIBBINGTON. This was an Ancient Parish. Although in Great Domesday it is not named as a manor, jurisdiction or outlier, it was certainly a dependency of Sibso
n (7,6). It had the same later history as its parent manor. The Phillimore printed translation placed an }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 M }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
in the margin beside this entry in error; see the Additions and Corrections: Huntingdonshire at the end of the Phillimore Staffordshire edition.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\i\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab }{\insrsid14776484 The estate contained }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Walmesforde}{\insrsid14776484 
 (Wansford, TL0799) and a portion of the latter, held by Peterborough Abbey, was counted in Northamptonshire in the Middle Ages (NTH 6a,4 Wittering note). This was possibly because the settlement of Wansford lay on both sides 
of the River Nene, which had probably always formed the county boundary at this point; see }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 
, iii. p. 217. Wansford was thus partly a chapelry of Thornhaugh parish, Northamptonshire, perhaps counted silently in Wittering, Northamptonshire (NTH 6a,4) in 1086, partly in Sibson cum Stibbington, Huntingdonshire.
\par }{\i\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab }{\insrsid14776484 Apart from the Stibbington surveyed in Domesday Huntingdonshire as a divided dependency of Sibson, a further 2 hides of Stibbington, seemingly an independent estate, lay in and were 
assessed in Upton Hundred, Northamptonshire, in 1086 (NTH 59,1) and it is possible that Stibbington itself was the name of an area divided between the counties, or that it really represents part or all of the northern part of Wansford (NTH 59,1 Stibbingto
n note).}{\i\insrsid14776484  }{\insrsid14776484 
Alternatively, it could be that the medieval county boundary took the shortest distance across the horseshoe formed by a bend in the River Nene, thus dividing Stibbington between counties. A later unrecorded change would then have put the boundary 
along the circuitous course of the river. However, if the Stibbington in Northamptonshire lay south of the river, it is difficult to see how Wansford, in origin a very localized name, could have been divided between counties.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 1 \'bd PLOUGHS. Another 1 \'bd ploughs are on Count Eustace's estate (9,4).}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 7,8\tab THIS ENTRY and the previous one (7,7), including the assessment of the fisheries and meres, which really forms a separate entry and was written across the foot of both columns on the recto of folio 205, were add
itions to the text of Huntingdonshire, written by the main scribe of Great Domesday in a space left at the end of chapter 7, continuing into the foot margin. The pen and ink used are quite different to those of the surrounding text, but the entries were r
u
bricated. The unusual content of 7,8 may have led to its initial omission. It was a convenient place to add matters concerning the three abbots - of Thorney, Ramsey and Peterborough - after an omitted member of a Thorney manor: the lands of all three abbe
ys are on this page of the manuscript. It may be that the inclusion of}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
the entry concerning Whittlesey mere in Thorney's chapter is a recognition of Thorney's former pre-eminence; see 7,8 Whittlesey note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab WHITTLESEY MERE. The Phillimore printed translation placed an }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 M }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
in the margin beside this entry in error; see the Additions and Corrections: Huntingdonshire at the end of the Phillimore Staffordshire edition.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab Whittlesey itself lay in Cambridgeshire; its mere extended into Huntingdonshire (JRM). On its bounds, see Stapleton, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Chronicon Petroburgense}{\insrsid14776484 
, p. 183. The manor was divided between Thorney Abbey and Ely Abbey (CAM 5,44. 8,1), though Ely had the jurisdiction of Thorney's portion.
\par \tab \tab The foundation charter of Thorney Abbey records how Bishop Aethelweald acquired Whittlesey for Thorney in three stages together with two-thirds of its lake: }{\i\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\insrsid14776484 
, p. 177. The rights and the bounds were much disputed as recorded in the respective cartularies; see also Harmer, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Anglo-Saxon}{\insrsid14776484  }{\i\insrsid14776484 Writs}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 
253 n. 1 and p. 262 no. 62. Conflict probably began early as Peterborough Abbey claimed that part of the mere had been given to it 963 x 984 by Bishop Aethelweald together with tolls over a large area south of the River Nene stretching to the 'king's toll
 of Normancross': Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, version E}{\i\insrsid14776484 ,}{\insrsid14776484  for 963 (= Sawyer, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\insrsid14776484 , no. 1448 = }{\i\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{
\insrsid14776484 , p. 25 no. 13 = Robertson, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\insrsid14776484 , no. xxxix pp. 73, 328); see also King, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Peterborough Abbey,}{\insrsid14776484  p. 7. This 
is an abbreviated version of the fabricated foundation charter of 656 attributed to Wulfhere: Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, version E, for 656 (= Sawyer, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\insrsid14776484 , no. 68 = }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Early Charters of Eastern England}{\insrsid14776484 , no. 1 p. 21) which awards Peterborough extensive lands, waters, meres and fens which included Whittlesey mere.}{\i\insrsid14776484  }{\insrsid14776484 
A doubtful charter of King Edgar (with bounds) awards two-thirds of the mere to Peterborough: Sawyer, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\insrsid14776484 , no. 787 (= }{\i\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\insrsid14776484 
, p. 25 no. 15); see Stapleton, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Chronicon Petroburgense}{\insrsid14776484 
, pp. 182-83. It appears that Peterborough would have lost its rights in the mere when Farcet (7,1 Yaxley note) went to Thorney Abbey, but they appear to have been safeguarded by giving Peterborough the use of one of Thorney's two boats (see }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 183). According to a document of 1020 x 1021 (Sawyer, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\insrsid14776484 , no. 1463 = }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Early Charters of Eastern England}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 33 no. 32), Aelfsige, Abbot
 of Peterborough (1006/1007-1042), acquired a quarter of the mere from Thorth, the king's thane, in exchange for Orton (possibly the estate given in 1,4) and money. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid14776484 
, p. 177 no. 834.
\par }{\i\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab }{\insrsid14776484 In 1086 Thorney Abbey, by virtue of its two boats had half the mere and this is confirmed 1148 x 1151 by the Bishop of Lincoln in }{\i\insrsid14776484 English Episcopal Acta I: Lincoln}{\insrsid14776484 
, p. 165 no. 205 (see also p. 39 no. 60, p. 169 no. 271).
\par }{\i\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab }{\insrsid14776484 In 1279 (}{\i\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 646) there was in the mere a fishery 2 leagues long and 1 wide. Ramsey had 1 fishery and 3 boats, Thorney 1 fishery and 2 \'bd
 boats, Peterborough 1 fishery and 2 boats, and the Earl of Cornwall had 3 \'bd boats, but by what authority was uncertain. The earl held Glatton (9,1 Glatton. note) at that time. The abbeys retained their interests in the mere until the Dissolution: }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Valor Ecclesiasticus}{\insrsid14776484 , iv. pp. 271, 281.
\par }{\i\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab }{\insrsid14776484 The mere, centred on TL2290, was of considerable extent and was not drained until the nineteenth century. For its resources, see \{Introduction: Geography\}.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab HAS. In the manuscript }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ht'}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  (= }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 habet}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , 'has'). Farley misprinted }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 hb'}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  (= }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 habebat}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , 'had') which was followed in the Phillimore printed translation, corrected here.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab MATERIALS. The predominant meaning of Latin }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 materies}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  is wood, but in this context reeds and rushes (for roofing, walling, flooring) may be included.}{
\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab STAKES FOR THE ENCLOSURE AROUND THE HOUSE. Classical Latin }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 curia }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 is from postulated}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  coviria, }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 that is from }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 con- }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 and}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  vir, }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 meaning an assembly of men. It is used of meetings of the Roman senate and of the place where they met.}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  }{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 In Medieval Latin, as in Domesday Book, it frequently means a court, both a building (like }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 aula}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , 'hall') and an assembly, as in a manorial court; here with }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 domus}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  it must refer to an area around a building - an enclosure, courtyard, curtilage - which would have been marked and protected by a palisade. }{\lang1036\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp1036\insrsid14776484 
Compare OXF 1,13: }{\i\lang1036\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp1036\insrsid14776484 si quis alicujus curiam vel domum violenter effregerit vel intraverit}{\lang1036\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp1036\insrsid14776484  \'85 }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
('If anyone violently breaks into or enters anyone's courtyard or house \'85'). The 'house' intended here is no doubt the Abbey of Thorney itself. Compare CAM 7,4 'wood for the court's (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 curi\'ea}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
) houses', referring to the 'enclosure' or 'court' of Ramsey Abbey.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 8\tab LAND OF ST PETER'S OF PETERBOROUGH. An early monastery founded at \'93Medeshamstede\'94 }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 c}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
. 655, allegedly by a monk Saxulf, was destroyed by the Danes in 870, but rebuilt and re-founded as a Benedictine abbey }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 c}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
. 966, dedicated to St Peter, by Aethelwold Bishop of Winchester (963-984) supported by King Edgar (959-973); see NTH 6 Peterborough note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab Three abbots spanned the period 1066-1086:}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab 1052-1066 Abbot Leofric. He was nephew of Earl Leofric of Mercia and had}{\cgrid0\insrsid8127684  }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 previously been a monk of the abbey
\par \tab \tab 1066-1069 Abbot Brand. He had previously been prior of the abbey. He}{\cgrid0\insrsid8127684  }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 acknowledged Edgar Aetheling as king in 1066, but was later reconciled to}{\cgrid0\insrsid8127684  }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
William I
\par \tab \tab 1070-1098 Abbot Turold. He was a monk of F\'e9camp Abbey in Normandy, then}{\cgrid0\insrsid8127684  }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Abbot of Malmesbury from }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 c}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
. 1066 until 1070. He is sometimes referred}{\cgrid0\insrsid8127684  }{\insrsid14776484 to as a }{\i\insrsid14776484 nepos}{\insrsid14776484  ('nephew') of William the Conqueror}{\insrsid8127684 .}{\insrsid14776484 
\par \tab See Knowles, Brooke and London, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Heads of Religious Houses}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 60.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab The abbey's only holdings in Huntingdonshire were four in Normancross Hundred which was dominated by Thorney Abbey, though Peterborough had at one time been granted the tithes of its double hundred: Sawyer}{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , no. 1448 (= }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 25 no. 13); see 7,1 Yaxley note and \{Introduction: Hundreds\}
. For Peterborough Abbey's interest in Whittlesey mere, see 7,8.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab 
Entries 8,1-2 are lands held in lordship; 8,3 is an outlier of 8,2 as well as a subinfeudation, while 8,4, said to be a manor, is also subinfeudated. This may be a chance arrangement, but the abbey's lands are similarly divided between a lordship group an
d subinfeudations in Northamptonshire, Leicestershire and Lincolnshire (NTH 6. NTH 6a. LEC 5. LIN 8).}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 8,1\tab NORMANCROSS HUNDRED. In the Phillimore printed translation this hundred head was inadvertently put in square brackets, as if the head was restored.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab [OLD] FLETTON. Fletton was an Ancient Parish. The land may have been among the ancient possessions of the abbey, but was recorded as given to it by }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Leuiva}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
 (Leofgifu) of London during Edward the Confessor's reign. The king tried to obtain it, but Abbot Leofri
c (1052-1066) gave him 8 marks to safeguard it. Later, like Alwalton and Orton Waterville (8,2-3), it appears to have come into the hands of Edward's queen, Edith, and was restored by the king in 1060: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
Early Charters of Eastern England}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 101 no. 15, p. 2
47 no. 358. That the tenure had been disputed is vaguely indicated in D28. Nonetheless, the land continued to be held by the abbey and was often later associated with Alwalton (8,2): the Chronicle of Hugh Candidus (Mellows, pp. 40, 67,111); }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , i. p. 196; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Feudal Aids}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 473; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Taxatio Ecclesiastica}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 50; }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Valor Ecclesiasticus}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , iv. p. 281; Stapleton, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Chronicon Petroburgense}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 165; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , iii. p. 169.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 1 \'bd HIDES. See \{Introduction: Lordship Land\}.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 8,2\tab ALWALTON. This was an Ancient Parish. Five hides here were granted by King Eadred to his thane Aelsige Hunlafing in 955: Sawyer,}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , no. 566 (= }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 23 no. 7 = Robertson, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  no. xxx pp. 57, 311-14). This same 
land was later given (1017 x 1023) by Ealdorman Leofwine, son of Aelfwine, to Peterborough Abbey, but appears to have been alienated. Later, like Fletton and Orton Waterville (8,1;3), it appears to have come into the hands of Edward the Confessor's queen,
 Edith, and was restored by the king in 1060: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 101 no. 15, p. 247 no. 358.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab After 1086 Alwalton descended with Old Fletton (8,1 Fletton note): the Chronicle of Hugh Candidus (Mellows, pp. 40, 68, 111); Stapleton, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Chronicon Petroburgense}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 160; }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Taxatio Ecclesiastica}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 50; }{\i\insrsid14776484 Valor Ecclesiasticus}{\insrsid14776484 , iv. p. 281; }{\i\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 244 no. 348; }{\i\insrsid14776484 
VCH Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , iii. p. 133.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab LAND FOR 2 PLOUGHS IN LORDSHIP. See B21 ploughs note. Latin }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 terram}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  is accusative, so }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 habuit}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
 ('he had') is understood.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab [AND] 5s. These 5s are presumably a render of money in addition to the render of eels, unless another resource has been omitted here. There is no mention of this fishery or any render of 5s. in the }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Descriptio Militum}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  of Peterborough Abbey dating from between 1125 and 1128: Stapleton, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Chronicon Petroburgense}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, pp. 160-61. The fishery was no doubt on the River Nene.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab The Phillimore printed translation omitted the 5s in error; see the Additions and Corrections: Huntingdonshire at the end of the Phillimore Staffordshire edition.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 8,3\tab 
ORTON [WATERVILLE]. This was an Ancient Parish. For the division of the lands called 'Orton', see 2,6 Orton note and 19,4 Orton note. This 5-hide estate had probably come to the abbey during Edward the Confessor's reign (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
Early Charters of Eastern England}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 101), though it is mentioned in the doubtful charter of King Edgar. The }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, ii. p. 637, dating from 1279 and presumably referring to this estate, record that 'the abbot and his predecessors were enfeoffed for [military] service from the time of King Edward before the Conquest.' From a text in Stapleton, }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Chronicon Petroburgense}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 182, it appears that Abbot Aelfsige (1006/1007-1042) gave }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Overtune}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
 in exchange for a quarter of Whittlesey mere. However, like Fletton and Alwalton (8,1-2) it appears to have come into the hands of Edward the Confessor's queen, Edith, and was restored b
y the king in 1060: the Chronicle of Hugh Candidus (Mellows, p. 40); }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 101 no. 15, p. 247 no. 358.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab There were grants of 4 }{\i\insrsid14776484 mansae}{\insrsid14776484  at }{\i\insrsid14776484 Ofaertune}{\insrsid14776484  in 948 by King Eadred (Sawyer}{\i\insrsid14776484 , Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\insrsid14776484 , no. 547 = 
}{\i\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 22 no. 5) and of 5 }{\i\insrsid14776484 cassati}{\insrsid14776484  at }{\i\insrsid14776484 Ofertune}{\insrsid14776484  in 958 by King Edgar (Sawyer}{\i\insrsid14776484 
, Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\insrsid14776484 , no. 674 = }{\i\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 24 no. 10), both to laymen, which may well have been part of the early history of both estat
es, or of one of them twice. After 1086 this estate was combined with the other; a part continued to be held by the abbey, a part was alienated: }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , iii. pp. 190, 198.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 2 OXEN. They probably combine with the 2 oxen in 8,4 to make an estimate of 5 \'bd ploughs for Orton Waterville.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab FOR THE SUPPLIES OF THE MONKS. This information was included because it appears that the abbot had converted land of the monks' into land held by military-service.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab "ANSGERED" [* OF VATIERVILLE *]. The Domesday form
 of this name, which only occurs in HUN 8,3-4 and OXF 6,13, is }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Ansgered}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
]. It is not certain what name is represented by this form; it does not appear in Forssner, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Continental-Germanic Personal Names in England}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 . JRM in his HUN 8,3 note cited }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
VCH Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , i. p. 331, that Ansgered was called }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Anfredus}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  in a twelfth-century text. The text cited in }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 331 note 1 is from 'Sparke, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Histores Varii}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 61' [= }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 J. Sparke (ed.), }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Historia Coenobii Burgensis}{
\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  in }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Historiae Anglicanae Scriptores Varii}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 61] }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
that is what is known as the Chronicle of Hugh Candidus. In the edition of Mellows (p. 114) his text reads }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Feodum Ansredi in Ouerton}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , or }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Anseredi}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
 depending on the manuscript. In the abbreviation of Peterborough lands found in the Book of Robert of Swaffham (see \{Introduction: Related or 'Satellite' Texts\}) his name is spelt }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Angerus}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
. In view of the uncertainty it has been decided for the present edition to keep to the Domesday form. The Alecto edition has Ansgered.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab The place of origin of this family was Vatierville in the French d\'e9partement of Seine-Maritime, arrondissement Dieppe, canton Neufch\'e2tel-en-Bray; see Loyd, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Some Anglo-Norman Families}{
\insrsid14776484 , p. 111; Reaney, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Dictionary of British Surnames}{\insrsid14776484 , under Waterfield.
\par \tab \tab Identified by Edmund King as the ancestor of the Waterville of Orton family: King, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Peterborough Abbey}{\insrsid14776484 , pp. 24, 56. See also Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Domesday People}{\insrsid14776484 
, p. 154, who identifies the Ansgered of OXF 6,13 as the same man, presumably because the name (in this form at least) is recorded nowhere else (JP). Keats-Rohan calls him Ansered de Walterville. .
\par \tab MEADOW. Latin }{\i\insrsid14776484 acras}{\insrsid14776484  is accusative after }{\i\insrsid14776484 habet}{\insrsid14776484 ; for a list of other occurrences, see 5,2 meadow note.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 8,4\tab ORTON [WATERVILLE]. This was an Ancient Parish. This Orton came into the hands of the abbey at a different time. It was possibly granted by William the Conqueror himself, though the passive }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
data est }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 disguises the identity of the giver. There is a reference to these 3 \'bd
 hides in 1,4, where the king is said to have the jurisdiction over them, whereas here it is said merely that the king (Edward) had the jurisdiction over them. For the earlier and later history of this estate, see 8,3 Orton note. See also Fleming, }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 177 no. 835.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab This holding was omitted in an abbreviation of the lands of Peterborough Abbey preserved in the Book of Robert of Swaffham; see \{Introduction: Related or 'Satellite' Texts\}.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab GODWIN. On the name Godwin, see 1,4 Godwin note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 
2 OXEN. They probably combine with the 2 oxen in 8,3 to make an estimate of 5 \'bd ploughs for Orton Waterville.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 
"ANSGERED" [* OF VATIERVILLE *]. See 8,3 "Ansgered" note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab MEADOW. Latin }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 acras}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  is accusative after }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 habet}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
. The Latin case of the villagers and the smallholders is not indicated but is probably also accusative. For a list of other occurrences, see 5,2 meadow note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 9\tab LAND OF COUNT EUSTACE. He was married, first to Countess Goda, sister of King Edward (died }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 c}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
.1056), secondly to Ida of Lorraine. Eustace was the brother of Godfrey, Bishop of Paris, and of Lambert Count of Lens, thus uncle of Countess Judith, William the Conqueror\rquote 
s niece. He played a major part at the battle of Hastings, subsequently rebel
led against William but was later reconciled. He died in 1087. By his second wife Ida he was father of Eustace III of Boulogne, Godfrey of Bouillon and of King Baldwin I of Jerusalem. His lands formed the later honour of Boulogne. See Keats-Rohan, }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Domesday People}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 196. On the name Eustace, see B1 Eustace note.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab All four entries in this fief lie in a single hundred: Normancross Hundred, the heading for which has had to be inserted.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 9,1\tab [NORMANCROSS HUNDRED]. All four places in this chapter were in Norman
cross Hundred. Of them, Chesterton, Sibson and Stibbington (9,2-4) occur elsewhere in groups of places in Normancross Hundred. The scribe may have felt it unnecessary to begin this chapter with a Normancross hundred head as he had written one at 8,1. His 
practice in this matter was inconsistent.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab GLATTON. This was an Ancient Parish, which, like the 1086 estate, included Holme [TL1887], appearing as }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Glatton cum Hulmo}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
 in the Pipe Roll for 1167: the Red Book of the Exchequer (Hall, p. 576); }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Place-names of Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, p. 188. It was held in 1279 by the Earl of Cornwall from the honour of Boulogne. It was then said that he had a fishery attached to the estate and 3 \'bd boats on Whittlesey mere (by what authority was not known): }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
Rotuli Hundredorum}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 652; see 7,8 Whittlesey note. The Countess of Cornwall held in 1303 and the Abbot of Thorney (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ex dimissione regis}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
: 'by demise of the king') in 1316: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Book of Fees}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , pp. 1428, 1433;}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  Feudal Aids}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. pp. 471, 473; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , iii. pp. 177, 185.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab ULF [* OF GLATTON *]. See }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, i. p. 330 note 1: 'He attests as Ulf of Glatton the confirmation by Thurkill of Harringworth of land in Sawtry to Ramsey Abbey'. For that confirmation, see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, p. 236 no. 325, and 20,2 Sawtry note.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab On his first name, see B2 Fenman note.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 9,2\tab CHESTERTON. This was an Ancient Parish. In 1086 the land was equally divided between Count Eustace and Eustace the sheriff (19,8), each holding half of 9 hides. The estate was later held from Eustace's
 successors of the honour of Boulogne and formed the manor of Chesterton }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Vessis}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  or }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Vesci}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 : }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 654; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Book of Fees}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , pp. 1428, 1433; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Feudal Aids}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. pp. 471, 473; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}
{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , iii. p. 141.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab ULF [* OF GLATTON *]. On his identity, see 9,1 Ulf note. On his first name, see B2 Fenman note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab A CUSTOMARY DUE \'85IN THE ABBOT OF PETERBOROUGH'S WOODLAND. In Domesday Huntingdonshire there are three references to the Abbot of Peterborough's woodland, two relating to Chesterton (9,2. 19,8) and 
one to Water Newton (7,5). This might be the right to take timber or brushwood to this amount in payment, as }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, i. p. 345 note. However, in 19,8 there is a slightly longer phrase '1 customary due \'85 which pays 2s', suggesting that this was
 a payment to the manor from the abbot, perhaps for help with the management and exploitation of the wood. The Peterborough manor nearest to both these places south of the River Nene is Alwalton (8,2). If the woodland was north of the river, in Northampto
n
shire, the most direct access from Water Newton and Chesterton would be along Ermine Street, crossing the River Nene by a bridge or ford at TF116976. This would lead most directly to the woodland at Castor (NTH 6,4) and at Ailsworth (NTH 6,5), but the abb
e
y also had woodland at Thorpe (NTH 6,3), Milton (NTH 6a,2) and at Peterborough itself (NTH 6,1). There was an exceptionally large stretch of woodland (2 leagues by 1 league) at Wittering (NTH 6a,4). See HUN 1,2 where the woodland belonging to Botolph Brid
ge is in Northamptonshire.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 9,3\tab 
SIBSON. This was an Ancient Parish. Sibson had an outlier at Stibbington (9,4) which also became an Ancient Parish. Both Sibson and Stibbington were equally divided between Thorney Abbey (7,6-7) and Count Eustace. They each ha
d half of the church and mill at Sibson and shared a plough at Stibbington and the hamlet of Wansford [TL0798]. The holdings descended to the honour of Boulogne; the Red Book of the Exchequer (Hall, p. 579); }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}
{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , i. pp. 196-97, ii. p. 649; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Book of Fees}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , pp. 1428, 1433; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , iii. p. 217.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 

\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab ULF [* OF GLATTON *]. See }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , i. p. 330 note 1. On his first name, see B2 Fenman note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 9,4\tab STIBBINGTON. This was an Ancient Parish. See 7,7 Stibbington note and 9,3 Sibson note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab "LUNEN" <OF GLATTON> HOLDS ALL THESE LANDS. That is, 9,1-4. On his identity, see 6,21 "Lunen" note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 10\tab LAND OF THE COUNT OF EU. Robert of Eu or his son William of Eu, both from Eu in the French d\'e9partement of Seine-Maritime (arrondissement Dieppe) in N
ormandy. Robert of Eu was himself son of a William who was count of the Hi\'e9
mois, and then of Eu and married an heiress Lescaline. Robert was related in some way to William the Conqueror. Robert fought at Hastings and was then given charge of the Rape of Ha
stings (in Sussex). He had retired to Normandy by about 1080, dying there 1092-1093. His son William appears to have had a fief of his own in England as well as to have been administering his father Robert's English estates in 1086 and he may even have ad
o
pted the title count. The exact nature of the holding or holdings and the name of the holder is unclear from Domesday: the formula Robert Count of Eu never occurs there and William of Eu is never called the Count of Eu, but it may well be that that the sa
me fief is involved in every case.
\par \tab \tab This fief consists of a single estate, in 'Leightonstone' Hundred, the heading for which has had to be inserted.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 10,1\tab ['LEIGHTONSTONE' HUNDRED]. The head is supplied from later evidence.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab BUCKWORTH. This was an Ancient Parish. The overlordship of the Counts of Eu lasted here until the late thirteenth century: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , iii. p. 22.}{
\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab [* EARL *] TOSTI. The Domesday forms of this name - }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Tosti}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Tostius}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  and, once each, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
Thostin}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  and }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Tostillus}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  - represent Old Danish/Old Norse }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Tosti}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 387. The Alecto edition has Tosti.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab The identification with Earl Tosti is probable; see }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 
, i. p. 347 note, and 20,6 Tosti note. King Edward had held Great Paxton and had probably granted these 10 hides from that estate, unless Tosti had held it all (see 20,8 king note).}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab OUTLIER OF. The Latin is }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 BEREW' in}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  ... . This use of }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 in}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  here is idiomatic
 and implies some longer phrase with a verb or participle such as }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 berewica iacens in hoc manerio}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
 ('outlier/berewick lying in this manor'). In the absence of a verb the natural translation is 'an outlier of ... '. The sense seems to be no different from that implied by the use of the genitive case, as in 8,3, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 BER}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 EWICA}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ] }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 hui}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ] }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 M}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 anerii}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ] ('outlier of this manor') or by the preposition }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 de}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  as in 4,5 }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 BER}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 EWICA}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ] }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 de Spalduice}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  ('outlier of Spaldwick'). The Phillimore printed edition has 'outlier in ...'.}{
\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab [GREAT] PAXTON. The manor had probably once been the centre of a great multiple estate; see \{Introduction: Manorial Organization\}
, and 20,8 Paxton note. Such estates were tending to break up, but the link is emphasised in D23. However, the marginal }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 M}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 anerium}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ] indi
cates that Buckworth had become an independent manor by 1086.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 2 HIDES. See \{Introduction: Lordship Land\}}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab A CHURCH. The possession of land suggests that this was a superior church and might indicate that this was once the minster church of a large royal e
state, though Buckworth is closer to Alconbury (1,6) than to Great Paxton, and Great Paxton appears to have its own minster (20,8 church note). This church was later claimed by the canons of the free chapel of St Mary in the castle of Hastings, probably a
s an alleged gift of the Count of Eu, lord of Hastings Rape: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , iii. p. 26.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 11\tab LAND OF EARL HUGH. Hugh of Avranches, also known as Hugh the fat, was second Earl of Chester from }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 c}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 . 1071 to1101 having succeeded William's first earl, Gherbod 
(who left his earldom }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 c}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 . 1071 and died in 1085). He came from Avranches in the French d\'e9
partement of Manche. He was son of Richard Goz, vicomte of Avranches, and a woman who was possibly a half-sister of King William. His lands became the honour or barony 
of Chester. Hugh's only son Richard perished with the White Ship in 1120 and the lands passed to a first cousin, Ranulph I Le Meschin, son of Ranulph the vicomte of Bayeux who was married to Hugh's sister Margaret. On the name Hugh, see 6,1 Hugh note.

\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab This fief consists of two estates, both in 'Leightonstone' Hundred, the heading for which has had to be inserted.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 11,1\tab ['LEIGHTONSTONE' HUNDRED]. The head is supplied from later evidence.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab UPTON. This was an Ancient Parish. The estate descended within the honour of Chester and was frequently coupled with Coppingford (11,2) which was adjacent on the ground: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 620; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Feudal Aids}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 472; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , iii. p. 113.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 1 HIDE. See \{Introduction: Lordship Land\}.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab FULCWY [* FULCO OF BAINVILLE *]. The Domesday name-forms }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Fulcui}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Fulcoius}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Fulcuius}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Fulcheius}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  probably represent Old German }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Fulcwig}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 257; Forssner, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Continental-Germanic Personal Names in England}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 98. The latter also suggested Old French }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Folcui}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , which might be more appropriate for those who held in 1086. JRM preferred the second element -wy for the Old German -}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 wig}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
. In the Phillimore printed editions the names Fulcwy, Fulkwy and Fulk appear; these have now been standardized as Fulcwy. The Alecto edition has Fulk, Fulcwig, Fulco, Fulcui, Fulchei etc..\tab 
Despite this philology, he may be the same man as the Fulco (Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Fulco}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ) of Bainville in CHS 2,19, as, like his fellow tenant, Humphrey of the C
otentin (11,2), he was a tenant of Robert son of Hugh in that county: Farrer, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Honors and Knights' Fees}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. pp. 26-27; see also Lewis, 'Formation of the Honor of Chester', in Thacker, }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Earldom of Chester}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 59. Keats-Rohan, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Domesday People}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 201, suggest
s he may be named from Banville (Calvados: arrondissement Ryes); she does not include the Huntingdonshire holding among his possessions (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 11,2\tab COPPINGFORD. This was an Ancient Parish. The estate continued to be held from the Earls of Chester and was often linked with Upton (11,1): }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, ii. p. 619; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Feudal Aids}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 470; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , iii. p. 35.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab \'bd HIDE. See \{Introduction: Lordship Land\}.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab HUMPHREY [* OF THE COTENTIN *]. The Domesday forms of this name - }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Hunfrid}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ), }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Humfrid}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ) - represent Old German }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Hunfrid}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Humfrid}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 : Forssner, }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Continental-Germanic Personal Names in England}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, pp. 158-59. JRM preferred the modern form of this name. The Alecto edition also has Humphrey. This is the only occurrence of this name in Domesday Huntingdonshire.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab He is to be identified as Humphrey 'of the Cotentin' here and in Cheshire (CHS 2,18;21), as, like his fellow tenant, Fulco of Bainville (11,1), he was a tenant of Robert son of Hugh in that county: Farrer, }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Honors and Knights' Fees}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. pp. 27-28; see also Lewis, 'Formation of the Honor of Chester', in Thacker, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Earldom of Chester}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 59. Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Domesday People}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 275, adds a third Cheshire holding (CHS 9,17) but omits Coppingford. She suggests Humphrey is a Humphrey of Marston, though no Hump
hrey is recorded as holding land from the earl at Marston (NTH 22,4), who granted land at Damblainville (Calvados: arrondissement Caen) to Saint-Evroult (JP).}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 12\tab LAND OF WALTER GIFFARD. He was son of Walter Giffard of Bolbec (in the French d\'e9partement of S
eine-Maritime, arrondissement Le Havre) and himself originated from Longueville-sur-Scie (arrondissement Dieppe) in the same d\'e9partement. His children were Walter II Giffard (the first Earl of Buckingham }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 c}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 . 1100-1102), William (Bishop of Winchester 1107-1129) and Rohais wife of Richard I of Clare (= Richard of Tonbridge/ Richard son of Count Gilbert of Brionne).
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab The Domesday forms of the name Walter - }{\i\insrsid14776484 Walterius}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Walterus}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Galter}{\insrsid14776484 (}{\i\insrsid14776484 us}{
\insrsid14776484 ) - represent Old German }{\i\insrsid14776484 Walter}{\insrsid14776484 , Old French }{\i\insrsid14776484 Gaultier}{\insrsid14776484 : Forssner, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Continental-Germanic Personal Names in England}{\insrsid14776484 
, pp. 243-44. The Alecto edition has Walter. His byname (Domesday }{\i\insrsid14776484 Gifard}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Giffard}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Gifart}{\insrsid14776484 )}{\i\insrsid14776484  }{\insrsid14776484 
is perhaps the Old German personal name }{\i\insrsid14776484 Gifard}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Givard}{\insrsid14776484 , a patronymic adopted by an earlier generation, or from the Old French common noun }{\i\insrsid14776484 giffard}{
\insrsid14776484  ('chubby-cheeked', 'bloated'); see Tengvik, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Old English Bynames}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 220.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab This fief consists of a single estate, in Normancross Hundred, the heading for which has had to be inserted.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 12,1\tab [NORMANCROSS HUNDRED]. The hundred head is supplied from later evidence.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab FOLKSWORTH. This was an Ancient Parish. The land descended to Richard of Clare, Earl of Pembroke, then to the Earls of Gloucestershire, Staffordshire and Buckingham: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 633; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , iii. p. 173. The tithes of the manor were granted to the Cluniac priory of Newton Longueville (Buckinghamshire): }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
Monasticon Anglicanum}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , vi. p. 1037.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab KETILBERT <OF FOLKSWORTH>. The Domesday forms of this name - }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Chilbert}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Chilb}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 er}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ]}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 t}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Chetelber}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ,}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  Chetelbert}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Chetelbert}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ]}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , Chetelb}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 er}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ]t[}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 us}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ], }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Cheteber}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Chelb}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 er}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ]}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 t}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ], }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Chilb}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 er}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ]}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 t}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ] etc. - apparently represent }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Keilbert}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ,}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
a hybrid compound of Scandinavian }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Ketil-}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  and Old German }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 -bert}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , pp. 302-304. He remarked that some of the Domesday forms might stand for }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Ketelbern}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  from Old Norse }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
Ketilbiorn}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ; Fellows Jensen, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Scandinavian Personal Names in Lincolnshire and Yorkshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , pp. 170-71, agrees with him. There are certainly cases of confusion in Domesday; see WOR
 8,10a Ketilbert note. The Phillimore printed edition has the forms Ketelbert and, for some of those in Yorkshire, Ketilbjorn; these have now been standardized as Ketilbert. The Alecto edition has Ketilbert.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab The }{\i\insrsid14776484 Chetelber}{\insrsid14776484  in the present entry was probably the same as the }{\i\insrsid14776484 Chetelbert}{\insrsid14776484 
 who had held and continued to hold the adjacent 'Washingley' (29,1); see von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 302 note 7.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab PERCHES. The perch is a linear measure, usually reckoned as 16 \'bd feet, 40 of them making a furlong, though a 20-foot perch was in use for measuring woodland until last century; see Zupko, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
Dictionary of English Weights and Measures}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , under perch. See also Grierson, 'Weights and Measures', pp. 80-81 (= Erskine and Williams, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 The Story of Domesday Book}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, p. 120). The pasturable woodland in the adjacent holding of 'Washingley' (19,3) is also measured partly in perches.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab HUGH \'85 WALTER GIFFARD. This was omitted in error in the Phillimore printed translation; see the Additions and Corrections: Huntingdonshire at the end of the Phillimore Staffordshire edition.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 

\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab HUGH [* OF BOLBEC *]. On the name Hugh, see 6,1 Hugh note.
\par \tab \tab Hugh of Bolbec was a tenant-in-chief in Buckinghamshire (BUK 26), Huntingdonshire (HUN 14) and Oxfordshire (OXF 25), with si
gnificant urban holdings in Berkshire (BRK B3;5;9) and Buckinghamshire (B7); but the bulk of his fief, the later barony of Whitchurch, was held as the principal tenant of Walter Giffard in Bedfordshire and Cambridgeshire as well as in those counties where
 he held in chief: Loyd, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Anglo-Norman Families}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 17; Sanders, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 English Baronies}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 98; Keats-Rohan, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Domesday People}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 261 (JP).
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab See also 14,1 Bolbec note.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 13\tab LAND OF WILLIAM OF WARENNE. }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 He probably came from La Varenne in the French d\'e9partement of Seine-Maritime, arrondissement, }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
canton and commune Bellencombre. He was son of Ralph II of Warenne and Emma. William was a major force in William I\rquote s England, especially important as the holder of the Rape of Lewes, Sussex. At Lewes, he founde
d a Cluniac priory 1078 x 1082. He sided with William II against Bishop Odo of Bayeux and Robert Count of Mortain early in 1088 and was appointed Earl of Surrey in mid to late April of that same year. However, he was wounded at the siege of Pevensey, and 
d
ied in June 1088. He was married first to Gundreda, sister of Gherbod the Fleming, Earl of Chester, and then to the sister of Richard Guet. His successor in England was his son William (II), also Earl of Surrey, who forfeited in 1101. On the name William,
 see B10 William note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab All five entries in this fief lie in a single hundred: in 'Leightonstone' Hundred, the heading for which has had to be inserted; see 13,1 hundred note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 13,1\tab [* 'LEIGHTONSTONE' HUNDRED *]. A hundred head is clearly missing here above
 Kimbolton. A hundred of Kimbolton is named at 19,11 (above Swineshead, which also occurs at 13,3) and at 20,4 (above Molesworth). Unless a 'Leightonstone' hundred head is inserted at 19,15, the Kimbolton hundred head in that chapter would apparently have
 
governed entries 19,11-22 and would have included places elsewhere listed under 'Leightonstone' Hundred (see 19,11 Kimbolton note). It is significant that two places listed in this chapter, Keysoe and Catworth (13,2;4), appear in 29,2-3 in 'Leightonstone'
 
Hundred (head above 29,2). It seems most probable that 'Leightonstone' Hundred had been annexed to Kimbolton manor and its moot temporarily moved there, perhaps when Earl Harold was its lord, and that 'Leightonstone' and Kimbolton are alternative names fo
r the hundred. In view of this a 'Leightonstone' hundred head has been inserted here. See \{Introduction: Hundreds\}.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab KIMBOLTON. This was an Ancient Parish. In 1086 it was a multiple estate, the only one in Domesday Huntingdonshire to be laid out with the he
ad manor followed by its named members. This layout was common in circuit VI, but is also found in the entry for Higham Ferrers (NTH 35,1) which is in circuit IV, though the nature of the members is not specified. The members of Kimbolton were Keysoe, Swi
neshead, Catworth and Little Catworth (13,2-5) which, with Kimbolton itself, totalled 16 hides and 1 virgate. Hail Weston's membership had been disputed (D10). According to Domesday Bedfordshire (BDF 17,3) }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Hanefelde }{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 (3 virgates)}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 'always lay in Kimbolton (lands), but rightly gave its defence obligations (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 wara}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
) in Bedfordshire'. This unidentified manor was held by William of Warenne and he also held Tilbrook, which adjoins Kimbolton (and was transferred to Huntingdonshire in 1896), but which is not expressly connected by Domesday with Kimbolton.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab It is probable that the lands listed in HUN 13, together with }{\i\insrsid14776484 Hanefelde}{\insrsid14776484 
, were what remained of a larger multiple estate which pre-dated the laying out of the shires and whose operation may have been disrupted by the D
anish occupation. The county boundary here seems to have been drawn in such a way as to keep the more integral parts of Kimbolton manor in Huntingdonshire, hence the fact that Swineshead became a detached part of that county within Bedfordshire. It is pos
s
ible that other parts of Keysoe (29,2), Swineshead (19,11), Catworth and Little Catworth (4,5. 19,12;32. 29,3), making 13 hides and 3 virgates, had been part of Kimbolton, making 30 hides in all or 35 hides if the two Bedfordshire portions of Keysoe were 
i
ncluded (BDF 23,1. 44,3). Riseley (BDF 23,2) at 1 hide, was an outlier of Keysoe. The manor would have been even larger if yet other lands in a circle around it were included: Pertenhall (2,9), Hargrave (19,13 Hargrave note), Spaldwick and outliers (4,4; 
4
,4 Spaldwick note), the Bedfordshire estates called Easton (D19 Easton note) and other Bedfordshire places including Dean, though there is no evidence of a connection other than contiguity. If Hail Weston had indeed been a part of Kimbolton and continuous
 
with it, the manor would have been even more extensive. The same would be true if Molesworth (under a Kimbolton hundred head at 20,4) were also a part. The estate would then have stretched to touch the other putative multiple estates of Alconbury and Grea
t
 Paxton and could have included the moot-site of the hundred at 'Leightonstone'. However, for lack of firm evidence it would be wise to restrict the compass of Kimbolton, for the connection of Hail Weston was rejected by the sworn men of the shire (D10) a
nd the heading above Molesworth probably shows rather that Kimbolton was an alternative name for 'Leightonstone': see \{Introduction: Hundreds\}, and 13,1 hundred note.
\par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab 
Members of the manor are subject to three Declarations (D14;17-18 = 13,3-5). From D14 it appears that Harold's predecessor at Swineshead (and therefore probably at Kimbolton itself) was Earl Siward: }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{
\insrsid14776484 , i. p. 332 note. D17-18 suggest that King Edward retained control of two of its members (13,4 Catworth note). It is in fact l
ikely that Edward or an earlier king had once held the whole estate before granting most of it (apparently under special terms; see 13,3 Swineshead note) to Earl Siward (probably as part of his earldom) from whom it passed to Earl Harold.
\par \tab \tab After 1086, the
 manor with its jurisdiction went to William's eldest son, William II of Warenne, and descended with his earldom of Surrey, passing to the Bohuns, Earls of Hereford. It became an honour in the middle of the thirteenth century. The members of Kimbolton des
cended with it. Kimbolton manor itself contained several settlements: }{\i\insrsid14776484 Kynebolton' cum hamelettis}{\insrsid14776484  was held from Humphrey of Bohun in 1279: }{\i\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\insrsid14776484 
, ii. p. 621. Its hamlets were }{\i\insrsid14776484 Stonle }{\insrsid14776484 (Stonely, TL1067), }{\i\insrsid14776484 Werkwelle }{\insrsid14776484 (unidentified), }{\i\insrsid14776484 Stowe}{\insrsid14776484  ('Overstowe'
, an unlocated part of Stow Longa, the latter lying at TL1070), }{\i\insrsid14776484 Wormedik}{\insrsid14776484  (Wornditch, TL0968) and }{\i\insrsid14776484 Newtoun}{\insrsid14776484  (Newton, TL0968): }{\i\insrsid14776484 Feudal Aids}{\insrsid14776484 
, ii. pp. 467, 472; }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , iii. p. 79.
\par \tab \tab A priory was founded at Stonely }{\i\insrsid14776484 c.}{\insrsid14776484  1180 by William de Mandeville, Earl of Essex: }{\i\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 621; }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{
\insrsid14776484 , i. p. 395; Knowles and Hadcock, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Medieval Religious Houses}{\insrsid14776484 , pp. 144, 175.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 
EARL HAROLD. Harold Godwinson. He was the second son of Earl Godwin and Countess Gytha. He was born }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 c}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 . 1020 and appointed Earl of East Anglia }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 c}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
. 1044. In 1051 he fled with his younger brother Leofwin when his father and brothers Swein, Tosti and Gyrth were banished. The family was restored to power in 1052 and on his father's death in 1053, Harold relinquished his earl
dom of East Anglia and succeeded to his father's earldom of Wessex. The Earldom of Hereford was merged with that of Wessex under Harold on the death of Earl Ralph of Hereford in 1057. Harold married Ealdgyth, daughter of Earl Algar of Mercia. He succeeded
 
Edward the Confessor as king of England on 6th January 1066 by decision of the royal council. On 25th September 1066 he defeated his brother Earl Tosti who was in alliance with King Harold Hardrada of Norway at Stamford Bridge, but was killed at the battl
e
 of Hastings on 14th October of that year. The invader, William, Duke of Normandy, claimed that King Edward had promised him the crown of England and that Harold himself had accepted him as future king during a visit to France. He is consistently called E
arl Harold in Domesday.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab The Domesday forms of the name Harold - }{\i\insrsid14776484 Harold}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Haroldus}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Heraldus}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Herold}{
\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Heroldus}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Horoldus}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Herolt}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Herould}{\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\insrsid14776484 us}{
\insrsid14776484 ], }{\i\insrsid14776484 Eroldus}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Eral}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Heral}{\insrsid14776484  - represent Old Danish }{\i\insrsid14776484 Harald}{\insrsid14776484 , Old Norse }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Haraldr}{\insrsid14776484 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid14776484 
, pp. 284-86. As the name Harold has survived and as King/Earl Harold is known by this name-form, JRM preferred it; the Alecto edition also has Harold.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 
HE HAS. In the Phillimore printed translation this was mistranslated as 'he had'; see the Additions and Corrections: Huntingdonshire at the end of the Phillimore Staffordshire edition.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab ON 5 HIDES. This is a later interlineation by the main scribe of Great Domesday. On the inclusion of lordship land, see \{Introduction: Lordship Land\}.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 
5 OXEN. The remaining oxen are not apparent, though there was 1 ox at Catworth (13,4). See 2,8 plough note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 13,2\tab KEYSOE. It became an Ancient Parish in Bedfordshire. In 1086 this jurisdiction of Kimbolton probably already lay in Bedf
ordshire like another portion, surveyed in 29,2, unless it was later transferred to that county by an unrecorded boundary change. Three other parts are listed in Domesday Bedfordshire, held by Hugh of Beauchamp (BDF 23,1-2) and Osbern son of Richard (BDF 
44,3). Keysoe followed the same descent as Kimbolton.
\par \tab AELLIC <OF KEYSOE>. The Domesday forms }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Allic}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  (here and in WIL 67,68) and }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Alich}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  (15,1) represent the hypothetical Old English }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \'c6llic}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 182. The Alecto edition has \'c6
llic. The passage in which Aellic occurs in 15,1 was deleted; see 15,1 Aellic note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab Two individuals are probably represented by these three holdings. The tiny, distant holding in Wiltshire (WIL 67,68) seems unlikely to be connected those in Huntingdonshire (13,2. 15,1) (JP).}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab LAND FOR 6 OXEN. The other 2 oxen needed to make one ploughland are probably to be found in another holding in Keysoe (29,2).}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab [* EARL HAROLD HELD IT *]. Since Keysoe was a member of Kimbolton, Earl Harold was 
presumably overlord here before 1066, as in Swineshead (13,3). Where this was not the case, it is noticed in the Declarations; see 13,1 Kimbolton note. Presumably Aellic held from Earl Harold.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 13,3\tab SWINESHEAD. This was an Ancient Parish transferred to Bedfordshire in 1896.
\par \tab \tab D14 describes how this estate had been held by Earl Siward with full jurisdiction, then passed to Harold who held in the same way 'except that [its men] paid tax in the hundred and went with them against the enemy'. The implications of 
this statement are unclear, but it may suggest (1) that Kimbolton itself had been held at one time by Earl Siward, and (2) that Swineshead (and probably Kimbolton) had enjoyed a degree of freedom that made it a partial franchise or Liberty. This in turn m
ay be connected with the annexation of 'Leightonstone' Hundred to the manor of Kimbolton: see \{Introduction: Hundreds\}.
\par \tab \tab Siward perhaps held by virtue of his office, otherwise the land would have been expected to descend to Earl Waltheof and thence to his wife Countess Judith (HUN 20). Swineshead, however, descended with Kimbolton: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
Rotuli Hundredorum}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 622; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , iii. p. 104.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab EUSTACE ^[THE SHERIFF]^. He held another part of Swineshead in chief (19,11). See also B10 Eustace note, and on the name Eustace, see B1 Eustace note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab [* EARL HAROLD HELD IT *]. See 13,2 Harold note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 13,4\tab CATWORTH. Catworth was an Ancient Parish, formerly known as Great Catworth to distinguish it from Little Catworth (13,5). Although it is implied here that Earl Harold held }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 T.R.E.}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, it is asserted in the Declarations (D17-18) that both Catworth and Little Catworth belonged to King Edward (see 13,1 Kimbolton note) and D17 expressly states that Earl Harold did not have Catworth. Nonetheless, Catworth descended with Kimbolton: }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , iii. p. 29.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab The estates at Catworth and Little Catworth surveyed as part of Huntingdonshire amounted to 15 hides. A further part of Catworth was held by the men of Peterborough Abbey in Northamptonshire (NTH 6a,26). This Nor
thamptonshire portion seems to have been represented on nineteenth-century maps by a scattering of fields which had been fully incorporated into Huntingdonshire by 1890; see \{Introduction: The County Boundary\}.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab EUSTACE ^[THE SHERIFF]^. He held other parts of Catworth (19,12;32). See also B10 Eustace note, and on the name Eustace, see B1 Eustace note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab \'bd PLOUGH. See 2,8 plough note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab ^[WULFWIN "CHIT" ... HELD IT]^. The information about Wulfwin's tenure and King Edward's jurisdiction is given in the Declarations where Earl Harold's interest is explicitly denied (D17).}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 13,5\tab IN ANOTHER [ESTATE CALLED] CATWORTH [* [LITTLE] CATWORTH *]. Little Catworth was a chapelry of Stow Longa. On the use of }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 alia}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , see 6,18 another note.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab I
n D18 it is stated that the land here belonged to King Edward (13,1 Kimbolton note and 13,4 Catworth note) and that, according Countess (Judith)'s men, the king gave it to Earl Waltheof. It should therefore have been in Countess Judith's hands in 1086, an
d in fact it descended with her manor of Molesworth (20,4): }{\i\insrsid14776484 Feudal Aids}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 470; }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , iii. p. 31.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab THORTH. The Domesday forms of this name - }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Toret}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Tored}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ), }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Tord}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Tort}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Toreth}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Thoret}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Thored}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  - represent Old Danish }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Thorth}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , Old Norse }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Thorthr}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 : von Feilitzen, }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, pp. 396-97. The printed Phillimore edition has the forms Thored and Thorthr; these have now been standardized as Thorth. The Alecto edition has Thorth. This is the only occurrence of this name in Domesday Huntingdonshire.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 

\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab ^[WULFWIN ^["CHIT"]^ HELD IT]^. See D18, where }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Idem Wluuine}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  refers to Wulfwin "Chit" of the previous declaration (D17).}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 14\tab LAND OF HUGH OF BOLBEC. Hugh was a Norman from Bolbec in the French d\'e9partement of Seine-Maritime,
 arrondissement Le Havre. He was both a Domesday tenant-in-chief and an important tenant of Walter Giffard, whose father also came from Bolbec. Hugh's fief became the honour of Whitchurch (in Buckinghamshire). On the name Hugh, see 6,1 Hugh note. See 14,1
 Bolbec note.
\par \tab \tab This fief consists of a single estate, in Normancross Hundred.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 14,1\tab WOODWALTON. This was an Ancient Parish. According to the Ramsey Chronicle (Macray, pp. 136, 146) Saxi of Walton, kinsman of Leofric, Earl of Mercia, promised 'Walton' to Ram
sey Abbey on his death. However, his estates were confiscated in 1066 and Woodwalton was given to Hugh of Bolbec. It was held by Hugh's successors before being given to Ramsey Abbey in 1133 or 1134; it is in the confirmation of Pope Alexander III and rema
ined with the abbey until the Dissolution: the Ramsey Chronicle (Macray, p. 274); the Ramsey Cartulary (Hart and Lyons,}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 i. pp. 155, 268, ii. p. 136); }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. pp. 263, 290 nos. 1766, 1906; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Valor Ecclesiasticus}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , iv. p. 271; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 35 no. 40; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , iii. p. 236.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab The grant to Ramsey Abbey was made by Albreda, late wife of Eustace }{\i\insrsid14776484 de Scellea}{\insrsid14776484  and daughter of Reinelm, and included the island of Higney (represented by Higney Grange, TL2083). It is }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Waltone villa cum manerio de Hyggeneye}{\insrsid14776484  in }{\i\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. pp. 661-62; see the Ramsey Cartulary (Hart and Lyons,}{\i\insrsid14776484  }{\insrsid14776484 ii. p. 220); }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Feudal Aids}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 473; }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 194. It is not certain that Higney had always been part of Woodwalton.
\par \tab \tab For the possibility that }{\i\insrsid14776484 Weletona}{\insrsid14776484 , among the first endowments of the abbey, was Woodwalton, see 6,21 Gidding note.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab SAXI. The Domesday forms of this name - }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Saxi}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Sexi}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Saxo}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Sexi}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ], }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Sessi}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Sacxe}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, with the oblique forms}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  Saxa}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Saxae}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Saxo}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Saxonis}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  - represent Old Norse/Old Danish }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Saxi}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, p. 352. The Alecto edition has Saxi.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 1 HIDE. See \{Introduction: Lordship Land\}.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab PASTURABLE WOODLAND \'85VIRGATES WIDE. Either comparable with the measurement 'acres wide' occasionally used in some counties, or intending }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 virg(ae)}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , rods, rather than }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 virg(atae)}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  (JRM). The virgate is, however, normally a measure of area.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab HUGH OF BOLBEC HOLDS FROM EARL WILLIAM. This is unexpected on two grounds. Firstly, D
omesday has made it clear that Hugh holds in chief from King William: his land forms a separate chapter and Hugh appears in the Landholders' List on folio 203b. Moreover, Woodwalton has the expected descent of a manor of Hugh's. However, there are several
 
occasions in Great Domesday where the scribe mistakenly identified as tenant-in-chief someone who was in fact a subtenant. In Middlesex, for example, Aubrey de Vere is given a chapter (MDX 21) and appears in the Landholders' List, but in his only holding 
i
n that county it is said that he held from the Bishop of Coutances (who did not otherwise hold in the county). As a subtenant, Hugh of Bolbec usually holds from Walter Giffard. In Domesday Buckinghamshire, for example, he is named in full as Walter's subt
enant three times (BKM 14,1-2;16) and the plain Hugh who occurs as a subtenant eleven times there is very probably also Hugh of Bolbec. Likewise the plain Hugh in Walter Giffard's fief in Huntingdonshire is probably Hugh of Bolbec.
\par \tab \tab Secondly, apart from the unidentified }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 co}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 mes}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ]}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  W}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
. in the Yorkshire Summary (YKS SW,An2), no 1086 }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 comes}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  (earl or count) by the name of William is found in Domesday Book. The king's son, William Rufus, was a }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 comes}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ,}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 pp. 55-56, 73 nos. 206, 281) though never so styled in Domesday Book..\tab 
Emendation to King William (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, i. p. 348 note) is drastic and otiose. On less than ten occasions in Domesday Huntingdonshire the scribe stated specifically that the tenant-in-chief held from the king; when he did so (as in 17,1) he put plain }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 de rege}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , as he did everywhere else in Great Domesday.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab William of Warenne has been suggested, perhaps because the present chapter follows that of William of Warenne (HUN 13), although the fiefs were not necessarily in this order in any predecessor document from which the }{
\i\insrsid14776484 de comite Will'o}{\insrsid14776484  may have been derived. However, although }{\i\insrsid14776484 Willelmo Comite de Warenna}{\insrsid14776484 
 appears as a witness to a charter of William I (1070 x 1086), this is assumed to be an interpolation (}{\i\insrsid14776484 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\insrsid14776484 
, pp. 144-46 no. 18), as he was not created earl (of Surrey) until 1088. Chris Lewis ('Earldom of Surrey') and others have suggested that Domesday Book was still being written up in 1088 on the grounds that this sentence in Domesday Hun
tingdonshire notices William's promotion to earl. Apart from one instance in William of Warenne's own fief in Sussex (12,9) where the scribe wrote that a subtenant held 'from the earl' instead of 'from William' (an error almost certainly induced by the fa
ct that he had repeatedly and rightly written }{\i\insrsid14776484 de comite}{\insrsid14776484  over 200 times throughout the previous three chapters), William of Warenne is not styled }{\i\insrsid14776484 comes}{\insrsid14776484 
 in Domesday Book. A parallel instance is found in Little Domesday in SUF 6,2 where in the fief of Robert Malet the scribe wrote 'Walter son of Aubrey holds Chilton from the count'. Robert Malet was not a count (nor an earl), but the scribe had just compl
eted four large comital chapters: the Count of Mortain, Count Alan, Earl Hugh and Count Eustace.
\par \tab \tab There is a further possibility: William of Eu. It is usually assumed that the 'Count of Eu' who holds in Domesday Book was Robert who was still alive in 1086 and presumably still held the }{\i\insrsid14776484 comt\'e9}{\insrsid14776484 .}{
\i\insrsid14776484  }{\insrsid14776484 William of Eu occurs as a tenant-in-chief in Domesday Book as does the Count of Eu. However, when the Count of Eu appears, no personal name is given and when William appears he is not styled Count (}{
\i\insrsid14776484 pace}{\insrsid14776484 , Phillimore Index of Persons). This has given rise to the notion that Count Robert of Eu held part of the fief and that William was administering other of his father's lands: Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Domesday People}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 477. This may not have been the case: it is possible that in Dom
esday William and the Count of Eu were one and the same, and that William had assumed his title early. In Domesday Book, the title of some individuals varies from shire to shire (e.g., Richard of Tonbridge was also styled Richard son of Count Gilbert and 
Richard of Clare). An authentic writ of William I (1080 x 1086) confirms a grant of land to Battle Abbey by 'William Count of Eu'. Furthermore, in the record of a plea heard by King William in 1086, 'William of Eu' is a witness: }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\insrsid14776484 , nos. 21, 146 pp. 158-60, 482-84. It appears that Robert of Eu, who died }{\i\insrsid14776484 c. }{\insrsid14776484 1093, was active in England until }{\i\insrsid14776484 c.}{\insrsid14776484 
 1077, but may have retired to Normandy leaving his son in charge and styled count. In a similar instance, Robert is styled Count of Meulan 
in Domesday, though his father Roger of Beaumont was still alive. The Count of Eu held land in Huntingdonshire (HUN 10), but if it is he who is intended it would be the solitary example of Count William (of Eu) in Domesday.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab No satisfactory answer to this
 puzzle has yet emerged, but it is worth considering the only William who is ever styled Earl in Domesday: Earl William son of Osbern. Although he had some responsibility for the defence of the east coast (with headquarters at Norwich), he is generally no
t considered as a candidate as he had died in 1071and there is no other reference to him in Domesday Huntingdonshire: see \{Introduction: History\}. Moreover, unless the Latin tense is an error, Domesday clearly says that 'Hugh of Bolbec holds (}{
\i\insrsid14776484 tenet}{\insrsid14776484 , rather than }{\i\insrsid14776484 tenuit}{\insrsid14776484 ,}{\i\insrsid14776484  }{\insrsid14776484 
'held') from Earl William'. However, in Oxfordshire there is a whole chapter, of 29 entries, (OXF 59) which is headed: 'The following lands are of Earl William's Holding'. Latin }{\i\insrsid14776484 feudum}{\insrsid14776484 
 is often used in Domesday as a collective noun to describe
 the 'fief' of a 1086 holder, but there it refers to a group of lands that had once been held by Earl William (prior to his death in 1071) and which, because they had not been dispersed or re-granted as a whole were still known as 'Earl William's fee/Hold
i
ng'. The lands of Aubrey of Coucy who had abandoned his English fief before 1086 and of the Bishop of Bayeux who was in prison at Rouen at the time of the Survey are similarly treated. It is possible that the main scribe of Domesday, feeling the pressure 
to shorten as much as possible, and working on one of the earliest counties to be abbreviated failed to see the significance of the Latin before him, something like }{\i\insrsid14776484 Hugo de bolebec tenet de feudo comitis Willelmi}{\insrsid14776484 
 ('Hugh of Bolbec holds from the Holding of Earl William) and omitted }{\i\insrsid14776484 de feudo}{\insrsid14776484 
, an error which has caused confusion to subsequent students of Domesday. An example of the longer statement is BRK 44,4: 'Roger [of Ivry] also holds Harwell of Earl William's Holding' (}{\i\insrsid14776484 de feudo Willelmi comitis}{\insrsid14776484 
). It is also probable that in LEC 13,67 (referring to LEC 13,66-67): 'These two lands of Arnold's [Alton and Staunton Harold] are from Earl W[***]'s Holding' (}{\i\insrsid14776484 de feudo .W. comitis}{\insrsid14776484 
) the earl is Earl William, rather than Earl Waltheof; see LEC 13,67 earl note.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab On the name William, see B10 William note.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 15\tab LAND OF EUDO SON OF HUBERT. Also known as Eudo the steward, he was son of Hubert de Ryes, named from a place in the French d\'e9partement of Calvados (arrondissement Bayeux) in Normandy. He was steward to William I, Wil
liam II and Henry I. In Normandy he held land of the honour of Pr\'e9
aux. In some of his lands, his predecessor was Lisois of Moutiers, a Breton, who had forfeited in 1075. One of Eudo's 1086 tenants, Osbert, was husband to his sister Muriel. His fief continu
ed to be amplified after 1086, partly by the lands of his brother Adam, a tenant of Bishop Odo of Bayeux, and of Roger and William of Auberville and of Sasselin in Essex. Eudo re-founded the abbey at Colchester (1096-1097). He died in 1120 at Pr\'e9
aux, but was buried at Colchester. His fief escheated to Henry I and was broken up.
\par \tab \tab This fief consists of a single estate, in 'Leightonstone' Hundred, the heading for which has had to be inserted.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 15,1\tab ['LEIGHTONSTONE' HUNDRED]. The head is supplied from later evidence.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab HAMERTON. This was an Ancient Parish. Eudo granted two-thirds of the tithes here to Colchester Abbey which he re-founded in 1096-1097; a later holder, William de Saint-Clair, granted the manor's church to the same abbey: }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 618; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , iii. p. 66.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 15 \{\{CARUCATES\}\} HIDES. Two corrections were made to this. The main scribe of Great Domesday had originally written }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 .xii. car'}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  (12 carucates) and then altered the }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 .xii.}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  to }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 .xv.,}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  using ink of the same colour as the surrounding text; see 15,1 Aellic note. Later, using a dark ink, he interlined }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 hid' }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ('hides') above }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 car'}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  but failed to delete the }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 car'}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 . His use of }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 car'}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  was most probably a simple error as the other counties in this circuit (VI) were assessed in carucates and 
bovates, rather than hides and virgates, and hides were used in the next sentence. He made identical mistakes in 17,1, which he corrected, and in 29,6, which he failed to correct. On other meanings of carucate, see B18 carucates note.}{
\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab \{\{AELLIC <OF KEYSOE> \'85 JURISDICTION\}\}. This phrase was underlined for deletion and this was probably done at the same time as the correction of }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 .xii.}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  to }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 .xv.}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  in the line above (see 15,1 carucates note): the ink is the same colour and the 3 hides difference was the result of t
his deletion. It may have been included in this entry by mistake, perhaps from a fuller version of some other entry. Or it may have derived from an earlier stage in the process that produced Great Domesday, when this was a piece of royal land: it was poss
ibly part of Alconbury (1,6) in 'Leightonstone' Hundred (see 1,3 hundred note), tenanted by Eudo but before it became a manor and he a tenant in chief. The deletion is not indicated in the Alecto translation published by Penguin.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab On the name Aellic and his identity, see 13,2 Aellic note.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab LEOFWIN. The Domesday forms of this name - }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Leuuin}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ), }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Leuuine}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Lefuuinus}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Leuin}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ), }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Liuuin}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 [}{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ] etc. - represent Old English }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Leofwine}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , pp. 317-19. JRM preferred the second element -win for Old English }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 -wine}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  as it is closer to the Domesday forms. The Alecto edition has Leofwine.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 

\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab LORDSHIP\'85 3 HIDES. See \{Introduction: Lordship Land\}.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab HOLD. The Latin }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 tenent}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  was rendered in error as 'have' (Latin }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 habent}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
) in the Phillimore printed translation and in the previous version of }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Domesday Explorer}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 .}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 16\tab LAND OF SWEIN OF ESSEX. He was also known as Swein the sheriff, being sheriff of Essex. His father was Robert son of Wiuhomarch, whom Swein had succe
eded as sheriff by 1075. Robert's father bore a Breton name, but Robert himself was from Moyaux in the French d\'e9partement of Calvados (arrondissement Lisieux). Swein\rquote 
s son, another Robert, had succeeded him by 1114. On the name Swein, see 6,15 Swein note.
\par \tab \tab This fief consists of a single estate, in Toseland Hundred}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 16,1\tab WARESLEY. This was an Ancient Parish. On the name-form given in Great Domesday (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Wedresleie }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 here}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 and }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Wedresle }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 in 19,26), see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Place-names of Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 273; the next later forms are }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Weresle}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 a}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ) and }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Wereslai}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 .
\par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab 
This vill was divided in 1086, other parts being 19,26 and 23,1, amounting in all to 10 hides. Six hides at Waresley were included in the foundation grant to St Neot's but were subsequently lost: the }{\i\insrsid14776484 Liber Eliensis}{\insrsid14776484 
 (Blake, pp. 102-104, 420); }{\i\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 27 no. 19; and 28,1 St Neot's note. They may be among the 7 hides of the present entry.
\par \tab \tab This holding became known as 'Earl's Manor' in Waresley and was held by Swein's successors, the Mandevilles and Bohuns; see }{\i\insrsid14776484 Feudal Aids}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 469; }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{
\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 376.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab ROBERT SON OF WIUHOMARCH. That is, the father of the tenant-in-chief, Swein, sheriff of Essex; see HUN 16 Swein note.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab The Domesday forms of Robert - }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Robert}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Rob}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 er}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ]}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 t}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 [}{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ], }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Rodbertus}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ,}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  Rotbert(us)}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  - represent Old German }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Rodbert}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ,}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  Rotbert}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ,}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  Robert }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 etc.: Forssner, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Continental-Germanic Personal Names in England}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , pp. 216-17; see also von Feilitzen, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , pp. 349-50. As the name Robert has survived to modern t
imes, JRM chose that form. The Alecto edition also has Robert.
\par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab The Domesday forms of Wiuhomarch - }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Wimarc}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Wimarch}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Wimarc}{\insrsid14776484 (}{\i\insrsid14776484 a}{\insrsid14776484 )}{\i\insrsid14776484 e}{\insrsid14776484  (genitive), }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Wim'}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Wicmarc}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Witmarce}{\insrsid14776484  (genitive), and, for 1086 holders, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Wihomarc}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Wihumar
}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Wihumarc}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Wihunmard}{\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\insrsid14776484 us}{\insrsid14776484 ], }{\i\insrsid14776484 Guihu'mar'}{\insrsid14776484  - represent Old Breton }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Wiuhomarch}{\insrsid14776484 , which is both a masculine and feminine name: von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid14776484 , pp. 349-50, 415; Tengvik, }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Old English Bynames}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 231; Reaney, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Dictionary of British Surnames}{\insrsid14776484 , under Wymark. The P
hillimore printed edition has the forms Wymarc, Wiuhomarch, Wihomarch; these have now been standardized as Wiuhomarch. The Alecto edition has Wimarc (for Robert son of Wiuhomarch), but generally reproduces the Domesday forms for the 1086 holders, except f
or Wymarc in Norfolk.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 
TUROLD [* SON OF ODO *]. The Domesday forms of this 1086 holder - }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Turold}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ), }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Turald}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 [}{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ], }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Torold}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ] etc. - are a Latinization of the Old Norse }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Thorvald
}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , which gave rise to the French names }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 T}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 h}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 )}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ouroude}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Troude}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  etc: Dauzat, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Dictionnaire des Noms et Pr\'e9noms de France}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
. In the printed Phillimore edition the forms Thorold, Thorald and Thoraldr appear; these have now been standardized as Turold. The Alecto edition has Turold. This is the only occurrence of this name in Domesday Huntingdonshire.
\par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab 
He was possibly son of Odo and brother of William son of Odo, both tenants of Swein in 1086; he also held land in Essex from Swein (ESS 24,6-7): Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Domesday People}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 432.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 17\tab LAND OF ROGER OF IVRY. Roger came from Ivry-la-Bataille, in the French d\'e9partement of Eure (arrondissement Evreux, canton Saint-Andr\'e9
-de-L'Eure). He was related in some way to Hugh the butler. He was a close friend of Robert d'Oilly whose lands are often scheduled next to his in Domesday in those counties where they bo
th hold. Roger's wife was Adelina, daughter of Hugh of Grandmesnil. Roger apparently had no sons; his fief passed to his daughter Adelisa and was later granted to Rainald of Saint-Valery.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab The Domesday forms of the name Roger - }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Rogeri}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ), }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Roger}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ), but frequently}{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 abbreviated to }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Rog' }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 - represent Old German }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Hrodger}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Rodger}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Rotger}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Rog(g)er}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  etc: Forssner, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Continental-Germanic Personal Names in England}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , pp. 317-18. The Alecto edition also has Roger.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab This fief consists of a single estate, in 'Leightonstone' Hundred.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 17,1\tab COVINGTON. This was an Ancient Parish. The manor passed to the St Valery family but in 1231 it was granted afresh to Richard, Earl of Cornwall, the second son of King John: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire
}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , iii. p. 38.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab ESKIL. The Domesday forms of this name - }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Aschil}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Anschil}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Anschill}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ), }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Osketel}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Osketellus}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Oschetel}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Aschillus}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Aschi}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Osketel}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 us}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ], }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Oschil}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  - represent Old Danish }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Eskil}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , Old Norse }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Askell}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
: von Feilitzen, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , pp. 16
7-68. The printed Phillimore edition has the forms Askell and Asketill; these have now been standardized as Eskil. The Alecto edition has Eskil.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 3 PLOUGHS. This was corrected by the main scribe of Great Domesday from '2 ploughs' by the addition of a third minim. This was probably done at the same time as the next correction (see 17,1 hide note).}{
\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab \'bd \{\{CARUCATE\}\} HIDE. The main scribe of Great Domesday originally wrote }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 car}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ' (for carucate) and then underlined it for deletion and interlined }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 hid'}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  ('hide') above it; see 15,1 carucates note. On the inclusion of lordship land in Huntingdonshire, see \{Introduction: Lordship Land\}
, and on the carucate used to describe arable land that does not pay geld, see B18 carucates note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 2 MEN-AT-ARMS \'85 2 HIDES. This subinfeudation went to the Bayeux family: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , iii. p. 38.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 18\tab LAND OF ARNULF OF HESDIN. He came from Hesdin in the Pas-de-Calais (arrondissement Montreuil). He was related (brother or brother in law) to Walchelin, provost of Beaurain. Arnulf was gra
nted the lands of the important Saxon thane Wulfward \lquote White\rquote 
 in several counties. He was accused of involvement in a conspiracy led by Robert of Mowbray in 1093, but proved his innocence by judicial combat. He died at Antioch on the first crusade. His heir
s were his daughters Matilda whose second husband was Patrick de Caorces (Chaworth) and Avelina, wife of Alan Fitz Flaad and then of Robert Fitz Walter.
\par \tab \tab This fief consists of a single estate, in Toseland Hundred, the heading for which has had to be inserted.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 18,1\tab [TOSELAND HUNDRED]. The heading is supplied from later evidence.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab OFFORD [CLUNY]. This was an Ancient Parish. On the divisions of 'Offord', see 6,19 Offord note. The affix originated in Arnulf's grant to the monks of Cluny. It was 
confirmed on this abbey by later kings (for example by Henry I: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 254 no. 1721). In 1316 it was in the hands of Walter }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 de Langeton}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Feudal Aids}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 472; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , i. p. 198, ii. p. 683; }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 319.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab "BULUI". It is not known what name is represented by the Domesday form }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Bului}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , which only occurs here in Domesday Book; see von Feilitzen, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 211. In view of the uncertainty it has been decided for the present edition to keep to the Domesday form. The Phillimore printed edition and the Alecto edition have Bului.}{
\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 19\tab LAND OF EUSTACE THE SHERIFF. He is evidenced as sheriff of Huntingdonshire in 1080 and 1086. It appears that he was the same man as Eustace of Abbeville suggesting that he came from the place of that name in the French d
\'e9partement of Somme. If so, he came over with the Conqueror in 1066. After his death, his fief escheated to the Crown. Roger of Luvetot (founder of the Lovetot barony) was his successor in many of his lands. On the name Eustace, see B1 Eustace note.

\par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab 
Eustace belonged to a group of rapacious Norman sheriffs and his fingerprints are all over Domesday Huntingdonshire. Manors he held with dou
btful legality are mentioned frequently in the Declarations (D9;11-13;15;21;25;27); in other cases in chapter 19 the estates are not said to be manors, jurisdictions or outliers and may have been alienated in part or whole by him (19,10;21-22;24;26;31-32)
. Few of the lands in this chapter seem to be legitimately his, though it is possible (as suggested by }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, i. p. 333) that he was holding some lands in his capacity as sheriff. However, it appears that he was not administering royal lands in Huntingdonshire (HUN 1 land note).
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab 
The entries in this fief are arranged by hundreds as follows:
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 19,1-9 Normancross Hundred
\par \tab 19,10 [`Hurstingstone' Hundred]
\par \tab 19,11-22 Kimbolton ['Leightonstone'] Hundred
\par \tab 19,23-31 Toseland Hundred
\par \tab 19,32 ['Leightonstone' Hundred]. [This final entry is out of sequence; see 19,32 Catworth note].}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 19,1\tab SAWTRY. There were later two Ancient Parishes, Sawtry All Saints and Sawtry St Andrew, as well as an extra-parochial area, Sawtry St Judith. In Domesday the several entries f
or Sawtry, together with that for Glatton, formed a 30-hide unit, but apart from Countess Judith's 10 hides (20,2) they do not form individual round figures nor do they fit easily with the later Ancient Parishes. The present estate formed the later manor 
of 'Sawtry Beaumes' (named from Eustace's subtenant or his descendants). According to D27, it had been destined for Ramsey Abbey: the Ramsey Chronicle (Macray, pp. 175, 209); the Ramsey Cartulary (Hart and Lyons, i. p. 234; ii. p. 290); }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, p. 235 no. 323). It was however seized by Eustace and it descended with his fief to the Lovetots. The overlordship was sold in 1238 to Richard de Clare, Earl of Gloucester. Within the Lovetot barony Sawtry later paid suit at the court of Sou
thoe (19,29): }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , i. pp. 196-97, ii. p. 660;}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  Book of Fees}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , pp. 923, 928; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , iii. pp. 203, 205.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab TOSTI <OF SAWTRY>. See D27 Tosti note. On the name Tosti, see 10,1 Tosti note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab WALTER [* OF BEAUMAIS *]. On the name Walter, see HUN 12 Walter note. His byname is evidenced in the Ramsey documents cited in 19,1 Sawtry note. Keats-Rohan, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Domesday People}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 457, identifies the Walter of this entry as Walter the monk; she calls him a 'tenant of Adelisa widow of Ralph Taillebois' [
a Walter the monk was tenant of Ralph's wife Azelina in CAM 42,1. BDF 55,8). This is clearly in error as elsewhere (Keats-Rohan, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Domesday People}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, p. 448) she identifies the tenant of Eustace the sheriff as Walter }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 de Belmeis}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , though with only two references
 to folio 199d (Cambridgeshire) and none to the present holding. She gives his place of origin as probably Beaumais in the French d\'e9
partement of Seine-Maritime, canton Duclair. A Walter is certainly a tenant of Eustace of Huntingdon in CAM 30,1;3 (folio 199d), but the }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Inquisitio Eliensis }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
(Hamilton, p. 111) identifies the Walter of CAM 30,3 as Walter }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 de Helmes }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 (an unidentified place: Tengvik, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Old English Bynames}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, p. 44). Moreover, 'Adelisa' is in error for the wife of Ralph Taillebois: she gives the correct name Azelina on p. 159.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab See also CAM 30,3 Walter note (JP).}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 19,2\tab CALDECOTE. Caldecote was an Ancient Parish later combined with Denton Ancient Parish. This manor in Normancross Hundred did not descend in the Lovetot barony, but later formed part of the h
onour of Huntingdon (descent from Countess Judith: HUN 20), although there is no dispute mentioned in Domesday Book. The honour of Huntingdon also held a second Caldecote (in Toseland Hundred) as part of Eynesbury (20,6). See }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
Book of Fees}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , pp. 924, 928; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 636; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , iii. p. 136.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 

\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab "STRIC". The Domesday form, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Stric}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , could represent Old Norse }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Strikr}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 376, though in note 3 he gave the view of Redin, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Studies on Uncompounded Personal Names in Old English}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 24, that }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Stric}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  could be the strong variant of Old English }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Stric}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 c}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 )}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 a}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 . In view of this uncertainty it has been decided for the present edition to keep to the Domesday form. The Phillimore printed edition has
 Stric for HUN 19,2, but Sihtric for NTH 56,39;51; these have now been standardized as "Stric". The Alecto edition has Strikr. This is the only occurrence of this name in Domesday Huntingdonshire.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 19,3\tab 'WASHINGLEY'. This was an Ancient Parish. The village 
is now abandoned. 'Washingley village' is marked as earthworks on the Ordinance Survey one-inch maps and the first series 1:50,000 at TL136889, but the deserted village is also marked at TL134894 on the six-inch map TL18NW of 1980. Beresford and Hurst, }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Deserted Medieval Villages}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 191, place it at TL135890; see Beresford, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Lost Villages}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, p. 357. Washingley Lane is the kinked road running through national grid square TL1389 from Lutton to Folksworth.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab This manor became part of the Lovetot barony and a part contributed to the foundation of the manor of 'Ogerston' (TL1290), held by the Knights Templar. This is now an abandoned site. See }{\i\insrsid14776484 Book of Fees}{
\insrsid14776484 , p. 923; }{\i\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. pp. 634-35; }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , i. p. 336, iii. p. 227.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab THORI. The Domesday forms of this name - }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Tori}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Thori}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Turi}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 (}{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ), }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Thuri}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Thure}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  - represent Old Norse /Old Danish }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Thorir}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 393. JRM preferred Thori as the Domesday forms lack a final }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 r}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 . However, in the Phillimore pri
nted translations for YKS and LIN the form Thorir appears and for SFK the form Thuri: these have now been standardized as Thori. The Alecto edition has Thorir. This is the only occurrence of this name in Domesday Huntingdonshire.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 

\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 1 \'bd PLOUGHS. The other half does not appear elsewhere.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 19,4\tab ORTON [WATERVILLE?]. Eustace held three lands at 'Orton': one 7 \'bd-hide manor (19,6); and a 2 \'bd
-hide jurisdiction (19,7), which together made a 10-hide unit, plus a jurisdiction of 8 hides and 1 virgate (19,4). If to these
 are added the holdings of the Bishop of Lincoln and Peterborough Abbey (2,6. 8,3-4) the grand total is 30 hides. The Lincoln and Peterborough holdings were at Orton Waterville. It has generally been assumed (as in the Phillimore printed translation and t
h
e Alecto edition) that Eustace's holdings were all at Orton Longueville. If so, the separate 'villages' do not add up to round figures (see Hart, 'Hidation of Huntingdonshire', p. 62), nor do the ploughlands (see below). The Lovetot barony held land in Or
t
on Waterville in later times, but the descent is obscure and it has been assumed that the land was acquired after 1086. However, if 19,4 was at Orton Waterville, not only would the hidage of that 'village' be a round 15 hides, but the ploughlands would ad
d
 up to a whole number: there is land for 2 ploughs and 1 ox in 2,6; for 3 ploughs and 2 oxen in 8,3; for 2 ploughs and 2 oxen in 8,4 and for 5 ploughs and 3 oxen in 19,4. The oxen add up to eight making a normal plough team. It should, however, be noticed
 that there is only one church mentioned in either of the places called Orton (19,6), suggesting perhaps that the villages had yet to be separated and that the 3 oxen in a plough of 19,4 are completed by the 5 oxen in a plough of 19,7. There are 2 \'bd
 ploughs
 at 19,6 but no corresponding half appears elsewhere: it might be sought in 2,6 where the villagers are without a plough. Thus, while hides and the ploughlands can be added in such a way as to suggest the emergence of two separate 'villages', the ploughs 
seem to have been shared between them (the villages are adjacent), as elsewhere in Huntingdonshire.
\par \tab \tab Orton Waterville was an Ancient Parish. In Domesday this estate is said to be a jurisdiction of the hundred, rather than of a particular manor such as 'Was
hingley' (19,3). It is probably the remnant of a royal manor. King Edward had held another part of 'Orton' which had been given to Peterborough Abbey in the time of King William, though the same piece of land is listed as in the king's jurisdiction in 1,4
.
 There may well have been a large royal estate in Normancross Hundred, perhaps centred on the Ortons and guarding the southern approach to the crossing of the River Nene. Eustace as sheriff would have normally been expected to administer royal lands. This
 jurisdiction may have been one of his depredations which in turn may have led to his replacement in this function by Ranulf brother of Ilger. See }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , i. p. 333; and 2,6 Orton note.

\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab The history and descent of this manor is unclear, but }{\i\insrsid14776484 Ov'ton Wat'vill}{\insrsid14776484  (5 \'bd virgates) was held by Roger }{\i\insrsid14776484 de Lovetoft}{\insrsid14776484  from the king in }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\insrsid14776484 , i. p. 196; see }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , iii. p. 200. This may be the same estate that was said to have been given by William I to William }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Olifareli }{\insrsid14776484 for the service of half a knight's fee and which was said to have been bought by Nigel }{\i\insrsid14776484 de Lovetoft}{\insrsid14776484  from King John: }{\i\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\insrsid14776484 
, ii. p. 637. This probably did not comprise all the estate, and Nigel }{\i\insrsid14776484 de Lovetoft}{\insrsid14776484  may have had to re-purchase an estate that had been his. See }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 
, iii. p. 199.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 
A JURISDICTION. Either 'it is' or 'it was' may be understood (JRM).}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 
IN NORMANCROSS [HUNDRED]. For the restoration of 'Hundred' and the implications of the phrase, see 1,3 hundred note, and, on the marginal }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 S}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  referring to this, see 1,9 jurisdiction note.}{
\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab THERE WERE 7 FREEMEN. This sentence was interlined by the main scribe of Great Domesday. Presumably they were the }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 T.R.E.}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  holders of the estate; compare 19,15.}{
\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab JOHN <OF ORTON>. He was probably the same as the John in 2,6-7 and 19,5: Keats-Rohan, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Domesday People}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 284. On the name John, see 2,6 John note.}{
\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 3 OXEN IN A PLOUGH. The other 5 oxen to make the plough appear to be in 19,7; see 19,4 Orton note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab ^[KING EDWARD HELD IT]^. As there is no indication of a change in the status of Orton, it was presumably in King Edward's jurisdiction in Normancross Hundred }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 T.R.E.}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
; see 1,9 jurisdiction note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 19,5\tab ANOTHER JURISDICTION. This probably means it was a jurisdiction in Normancross Hundred, as in 19,4.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab STILTON. This was an Ancient Parish. The three holdings here amounted to 5 hides (see also 1,3 and 2,7). This was probably a piece of royal land that Eustace was holding and therefore a jurisdiction of Normancross Hundre
d like 19,4 rather than of a particular manor, despite the lack of this phrase (see 1,3 hundred note and 1,9 jurisdiction note). Nonetheless, it descended (as a manor) to the Lovetots: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Book of Fees}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, pp. 923, 928; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , iii. p. 222.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab JOHN <OF ORTON>. He was probably the same as the John in 2,6-7 and 19,4: Keats-Rohan, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Domesday People}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 284. On the name John, see 2,6 John note.}{
\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab ^[KING EDWARD HELD IT]^. As there is no indication of a change in the status of Stilton, it was presumably in King Edward's jurisdiction in Normancross Hundred }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 T.R.E.}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
; see 1,9 jurisdiction note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 19,6\tab ORTON [LONGUEVILLE]. This was an Ancient Parish. For the identification, see 19,4 Orton note. It appears to have been unequivocally Eustace's manor and descended in the ba
rony of Lovetot and was held under the Lovetots by the Longueville family: the Red Book of the Exchequer (Hall, p. 373); }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Book of Fees}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 928; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , iii. pp. 190-91; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Place-names of Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 193.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab ALSI. The Domesday forms of the name-form Alsi - }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Alsi}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Alsius}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Elsi}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Aelsi}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Alsicus}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Alsidus}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  etc. - could represent Old English }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \'c6lfsige}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , Old English }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \'c6thelsige}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  or perhaps Old English }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Ealdsige}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Ealhsige}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , pp. 151-52, under }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Al-sige}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , see also p. 142, under }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Al-}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 . JRM followed von Feilitzen in keeping to the base form, but preferred the second element -si for the Old English }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 -sige}
{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , as that is what is found in the vast majority of instances in Domesday. The Alecto edition has Alsige. Howev
er, in some of the Phillimore printed translations the forms Alfsi and Alfsige appear for people who in the present edition are now rendered Alsi because the forms of their names lack an }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 -f-}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  or }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 -v- }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 which JRM thought was necessary for it to be included under Alfsi (a few of them appear in von Feilitzen, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 180, under Old English }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \'c6lfsige}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , and on pp. 187-88, under Old English }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \'c6thelsige}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
). The Alecto edition has Alsige for those that appear there under Old English }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \'c6lfsige}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 . This is the only occurrence of this name in Domesday Huntingdonshire.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 19,7\tab THERE ALSO. Orton [Longueville] was an Ancient Parish. For the identification, see 19,4 Orton note. It appears to have descended with Eustace's other manor in Orton Longueville (19,6). The marginal }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 S}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 oca}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ] might indicate that it was a jurisdiction of 19,6, but the 'Jurisdiction in Normancross [Hundred]' suggests rather that it was a }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 soca}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  of the hundred itself (1,3 hundred note and 1,9 jurisdiction note).}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab AELFRIC. On this name, see B10 Aelfric note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab JURISDICTION IN NORMANCROSS [HUNDRED]. For the restoration of 'Hundred' and the implications of the phrase, see 1,3 hundred note, and, on the marginal }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 S}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
 referring to this, see 1,9 jurisdiction note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab ROGER. On this name, see HUN 17 Roger note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 5 OXEN. For the other 3 oxen to make up a plough team, see 19,4.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab ^[KING EDWARD HELD IT]^. As there is no indication of a change in the status of Orton, it was presumably in King Edward's jurisdiction in Normancross Hundred }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 T.R.E.}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
; see 1,9 jurisdiction note. Presumably Aelfric held from King Edward.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 19,8\tab CHESTERTON. This was an Ancient Parish. The 1086 vill was equally divided with Count Eustace (9,2) making a 9-hide holding. This estate descended in the Lovetot barony with Southoe (19,29); see }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Book of Fees}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , pp. 923, 928; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 655; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , iii. p. 139.}{
\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 1 CUSTOMARY DUE IN THE ABBOT OF PETERBOROUGH'S WOODLAND. In Domesday Huntingdonshire there are three references to the Abbot of Pet
erborough's woodland, two relating to Chesterton (9,2. 19,8) and one to Water Newton (7,5). This might be the right to take timber or brushwood to this amount in payment, as }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, i. p. 345 note. However, the slightly longer phrase here sugg
ests that this was a payment to the manor from the abbot, perhaps for help with the management and exploitation of the wood. The Peterborough manor nearest to both these places south of the River Nene is Alwalton (8,2). If the woodland was north of the ri
v
er, in Northamptonshire, the most direct access from Water Newton and Chesterton would be along Ermine Street, crossing the River Nene by a bridge or ford at TF116976. This would lead most directly to the woodland at Castor (NTH 6,4) and at Ailsworth (NTH
 
6,5), but the abbey also had woodland at Thorpe (NTH 6,3), Milton (NTH 6a,2) and at Peterborough itself (NTH 6,1). There was an exceptionally large stretch of woodland (2 leagues by 1 league) at Wittering (NTH 6a,4). See1,2 where the woodland belonging to
 Botolph Bridge is in Northamptonshire.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 19,9\tab MARGINAL }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 T}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 . This probably abbreviates }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Terra}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, and seems to have been used by the main scribe of Great Domesday when he was unsure of the status of a holding.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab "BOTULUESBRIGE". The entry repeats B12, with differing
 detail. Since the church was in the borough of Huntingdon, the Ouse bridge linking Huntingdon and Godmanchester was evidently named from a chapel of St Botolph (JRM; see the Additions and Corrections: Huntingdonshire at the end of the Phillimore Stafford
shire edition).
\par \tab \tab St Botolph was the patron saint of wayfarers. Botolph died in 680 after founding a monastery at }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Icanho}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
 (? Iken, Suffolk) of which Much Wenlock (Shropshire) was at first a dependency. His church was destroyed by the Danes. Bishop Aethelweal
d of Winchester (963-984) sought his remains and parts of him were buried at Thorney Abbey with the remains of his brother Adulf. The dedication of the bridge was no doubt due to the connection of the land with Thorney Abbey (see 19,9 St Mary's note).

\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab Th
e interrelated entries (B12. 19,9. D1) make it certain that this 'Botolph's Bridge' was in Huntingdon and not the same as Botolph Bridge of 1,2 despite the Normancross hundred head at 19,1. Botolph Bridge appears as the identification of this place in the
 
Phillimore printed translation and both are indexed together there as the same place in Normancross Hundred. However, JRM clearly had second thoughts and suggested the insertion of a 'Hurstingstone' hundred head at the same time as he added the note (see 
f
irst paragraph above), but he maintained the identification of Botolph Bridge and did not correct the Places Index, an error rectified in this edition. On the decision not to include his restored hundred head here, see 19,9 St Mary's note paragraph 3. The
re is medieval evidence for a church (or chapel) of St Botolph in Huntingdon, but not for a bridge so named.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab BURGRED. On this name, see B12 Burgred note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab THORKIL. On the name Thorkil, see B12 Thorkil note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab A CHURCH, ST MARY'S. The church and its land originated in the (suspect) foundation grant by King Edgar to Thorney Abbey (HUN 7) of the }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 monasteriolum}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
 of St Mary outside the borough, together with 2 hides adjacent and 1 hide at Broughton: Sawyer}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , no. 792 (= }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, p. 26 no. 16, pp. 168, 171). The 1 hide at Broughton was given subsequently to Ramsey Abbey (B21 Broughton note) but at that time Thorney Abbey retained the church of St Mary with its two hides. This church may well have been the mother church or
 minster for Huntingdon and its environs.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab Church and land were then subject to a complex series of transactions. Thorney Abbey gave them in pledge (1042 x 1066) to the burgesses of Huntingdon (}{\i\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\insrsid14776484 
, p. 35 no. 36), but (accord
ing to D1) King Edward gave them to Vitalis and Bernard, his priests, who sold them to Hugh, chamberlain of the same king, and in turn the chamberlain sold them to two priests of Huntingdon (presumably Burgred and Thorkil). By 1086, Eustace the sheriff ha
d interposed himself as overlord. The illegality of this is gently suggested by the word 'now' and the marginal T[}{\i\insrsid14776484 erra}{\insrsid14776484 
] indicates the uncertain status of the land. The position is more forcefully stated in D1 ('Eustace now has it without deliverer, without 
writ and without installer') and in B12 the priests are said to be claiming 'the king's mercy'. On these transactions, see Roffe, 'Introduction', }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire Domesday}{\insrsid14776484 , pp. 20-21.
\par \tab \tab The land lay geographically, as did Huntingdon itself, in 'Hurstingston
e' Hundred, but (at least in later times as probably in 1086) it was appurtenant to the Abbot of Thorney's Hundred of Normancross, where all his other lands lay. A rescript of Henry I makes this clear:}{\i\insrsid14776484 
 praecipio quod soka Sanctae Mariae et canonicorum de Huntendune et duae hydae suae de Normanecros hundredo sint ita quietae de communitate et geldo burgi Huntendone}{\insrsid14776484 
 ('I instruct that the jurisdiction of St Mary and of the canons of Huntingdon and their two hides in Normancross Hundred should thus be free of communal obligations and of the geld of the borough'): }{\i\insrsid14776484 Monasticon Anglicanum}{
\insrsid14776484 , vi. p. 80; }{\i\insrsid14776484 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 179 no. 1359. Thus it is not necessary to supply a 'Hurstingstone' Hundred head above this entry (}{\i\insrsid14776484 pace}{\insrsid14776484 
, JRM, cited in 19,9 Botuluesbrige note, and Thorn, 'Hundreds and Wapentakes', }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingdonshire Domesday}{\insrsid14776484 
, p. 27). With Thorney's holdings at Yaxley and Stanground, this made a notional but not an agricultural 25-hide unit.
\par \tab \tab Eustace held on to the church and land and re-founded the }{\i\insrsid14776484 monasteriolum}{\insrsid14776484  as the priory of St Mary for Augustinian canons.
\par \tab \tab For the history of this land, see also }{\i\insrsid14776484 Monasticon Anglicanum}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 599; }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , i. pp. 393-95, ii. p. 144; }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Place-names of Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , p. xli; Knowles and Hadcock, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Medieval Religious Houses}{\insrsid14776484 
, pp. 141, 160; Hart, 'Church of St Mary'; Ladds, 'Borough of Huntingdon'; Noble, 'The Cartulary of the Priory of St Mary in Huntingdon'.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 19,10\tab [`HURSTINGSTONE HUNDRED]. The head is supplied from its presence above other parts of Stukeley 
at 6,1 and 20,3. It was included in the Phillimore printed translation, but removed by JRM in the Additions and Corrections: Huntingdonshire at the end of the Phillimore Staffordshire edition because of his decision to include it above the preceding entry
 (see 19,9 Botuluesbrige note); the head did not therefore appear in the previous version of }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Domesday Explorer}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 .}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab [GREAT?] STUKELEY [***]. This was an Ancient Parish. This odd virgate, called neither manor nor jurisdiction, is superfluous to the 10-hide unit
 formed from the lands of Ramsey Abbey and Countess Judith (6,1. 20,3). It was probably part of one of these, most likely of Countess Judith's, of which Eustace claimed the whole. There is no trace of descent to Eustace's successors: Hart, 'Hidation of Hu
ntingdonshire', p. 63; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. pp. 230-32; and 20,3 Stukeley note.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab In 1107 Henry I granted lands, mills and tithes to 'the monks of La Charit\'e9[-sur-Loire] serving god in the church of St Andrew at Northampton': }{\i\insrsid14776484 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\insrsid14776484 
, ii. no. 833 p. 70. These included part of the tithes of Stukeley. Since the descent of the other parts of Stukeley is clear, it is possible that this fragment of it was then in royal hands. It could however have been part of Countess Judith's estate 
there (20,3), since in the same document Henry I granted part of the tithes of Stretton (RUT 2,7), also held by her in 1086 and 20s annually from [Great] Paxton (20,8).
\par \tab \tab The scribe left a gap after the place-name, possibly for the }{\i\insrsid14776484 T.R.E.}{\insrsid14776484  holder(s).}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab TAXABLE. }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Ad g}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 e}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ]}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ld}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 um}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ] was interlined by the main scribe of Great Domesday.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab HERBERT <OF HARGRAVE>. See 19,13 Herbert note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 19,11\tab KIMBOLTON HUNDRED. [* 'LEIGHTONSTONE' HUNDRED *]. If Kimbolton H
undred were a unit separate from 'Leightonstone', its lands in this chapter would probably begin here and comprise 19,11-14, which are geographically close, but this is unlikely. Certainly parts of Catworth (13,4-5) were members of the manor of Kimbolton 
a
nd both Catworth (19,12) and Hargrave (19,13-14) could have been members of a manorial hundred based on it. However, Catworth occurs at 29,3 in a group of places in 'Leightonstone' Hundred. Moreover, the next place detailed after this group (19,11-14), Gr
e
at Gidding (19,15) is not only remote from Kimbolton, but parts of it appear directly under a 'Leightonstone' hundred head at 6,21 and 26,1; Woolley (19,21) and Grafham (19,22) also appear elsewhere in groups of places in 'Leightonstone' Hundred (29,5 and
 1,9 respectively). If 19,11-14 were in a separate hundred of Kimbolton, then a 'Leightonstone' hundred head would need to be inserted above Great Gidding at 19,15. For a fuller discussion, see 13,1 Kimbolton note and \{Introduction: Hundreds\}.}{
\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab SWINESHEAD. This was an Ancient Parish. The bulk of the vill was a jurisdiction of the manor of Kimbolton (13,3), with Eustace as subtenant. The present \'bd
 hide had perhaps been detached from there (though it is said to be a manor). It was apparently disputed, since a 
Declaration (D15), which probably refers to it, states that 'it was a jurisdiction of the king'. This (and perhaps the hundred head) suggests that it had belonged to King Edward and came to King William from him via Earl Harold as part of Kimbolton manor 
(13,1 Kimbolton note). Eustace does not seem to have retained this land, which was probably reunited with the rest of Swineshead and descended (like Kimbolton) to the Bohuns, earls of Hereford: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , iii. p. 104.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab Swineshead was transferred to Bedfordshire in 1896.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab "FURSA". It is not known what name is represented by the Domesday form }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Fursa}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, which only occurs in Domesday Book here and in the related entry in the Declarations (D15); see von Feilitzen, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, p. 257. In view of the uncertainty it has been decided for the present edition to keep to the Domesday form. The Phillimore printed edition and the Alecto edition have Fursa.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab \'bd PLOUGH. There is land for half a plough at the adjacent Pertenhall (2,9) which may complement this.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab WITH FULL JURISDICTION. The main scribe misplaced this phrase: it should have been entered after '"Fursa" had \'bd
 hide taxable', rather than after the plough estimate. This information is seemingly contradicted by D15 which says that "Fursa"'s land 'was a jurisdiction of the king'.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab RALPH. On this name, see 6,17 Ralph note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 19,12\tab CATWORTH. Great Catworth was an Ancient Parish. Eustace held 1 hide here as a subtenant (13,4, part of Kimbolton manor) and a further 2 hides had been his
 (19,32 Catworth note). Though apparently disputed (see 19,12 jurisdiction note) the land became a Lovetot fee: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 625; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , iii. p. 29.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab Eustace held a further portion of Catworth in Northamptonshire from the men of Peterborough Abbey (NTH 6a,26; see Round, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Feudal England}{\insrsid14776484 
, p. 138). This Northamptonshire portion seems to have been represented on nineteenth-century maps by a scattering of fields which had been fully incorporated into Huntingdonshire by 1890; see \{Introduction: The County Boundary\}.}{\insrsid16282231 

\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab AEFIC <OF CATWORTH>. The Domesday name-forms }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Auic}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  and }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Auitius}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  represent Old English }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \'c6
fic}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 172. The Alecto edition has \'c6fic.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab The name occurs on six holdings i
n Domesday Book, probably representing three individuals, one each in Huntingdonshire (here and 29,3), Derbyshire (DBY 6,37-38;42), and Wiltshire (WIL 68,32). In Huntingdonshire, both holdings lay in the same vill (Catworth); and in Derbyshire the three h
oldings were in neighbouring vills in the Hundred of `Appletree', making their attribution to a single individual in each case plausible. The distance between the three counties, the modest size of all six holdings (none more than \'a3
3), and their acquisition by different Norman tenants-in-chief, makes it likely that the Huntingdonshire, Derbyshire and Wiltshire Aefics were separate individuals (JP).}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab THE KING HAS THE FULL JURISDICTION. This seems to cast doubt on the legitimacy of Eustace's tenure; see 13,1 Kimbolton note.19,32 Catworth note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 19,13\tab HARGRAVE. Hargrave was an Ancient Parish in Northamptonshire. In 1086, the vill was apparently divided between Huntingdonshire and Northamptonshire where a part of Hargrave, as a jurisdiction of Higham Ferrers (NTH 
35,15), was held under William Peverel by a Eustace (presumably the sheriff of Huntingdonshire, the tenant-in-chief of this entry and 19,14). For the possible lie of the boundary, see 3,1 Hargrave note.
\par \tab \tab The three Huntingdonshire holdings at Hargrave (3,1
. 19,13-14) plus Covington (17,1) formed a 10-hide unit. Neither this one nor the one in 19,14 occur subsequently in the Lovetot barony, but they descend, rather, as part of the honour of Kimbolton: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , iii. p. 29. The 1 virgate here is subject to dispute though there is no corresponding declaration. It is possible that all three parts of Hargrave had been temporarily alienated from the manor of Kimbolton.}{
\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab "LANGFER" <OF HARGRAVE>. It is not known what name is represented by the Domesday forms }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Lancfer}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  here and }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Langfer}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Langfere}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  in Northamptonshire and Suffolk; see von Feilitzen, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, p. 308. In view of the uncertainty it has been decided for the present edition to keep to the Domesday form. The Phillimore printed edition and the Alecto edition have Langfer.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab "Langfer" is a rare name, occurring on four holdings in Domesday Book, only once more outside East Anglia. There is nothing to connect this "Langfer" with his namesake in Northamptonshire (NTH 3,1
), though the rarity of the name makes a connection feasible (JP).}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab LAND FOR 2 OXEN. There is land for another 2 oxen on the Bishop of Coutances' holding in Hargrave (3,1). There is also land for 1 \'bd ploughs there in 19,14, so the plough estimate for Hargr
ave was two, assuming 8 oxen to a ploughland (1,3 oxen note).}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab HERBERT <OF HARGRAVE>. The Domesday form of this name, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Herbertus}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  (often abbreviated to }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Herb't'}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, represents Old German }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Her(e)bert }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 etc.,}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Old French }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Herbert}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 : Forssner, }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Continental-Germanic Personal Names in England}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , pp. 148-49. The Alecto edition also has Herbert.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab The Herberts who held three very modest holdings from Eustace [19,10;13-14] are likely to have been the same individual. No Herbert held from Eustace in any other county; and as far as 
we know, no tenant-in-chief had two tenants with this name, so the odds against Eustace having two in the same county are high. The closest neighbour of this name was Odo of Bayeux's substantial tenant, Herbert son of Ivo, in Bedfordshire. See also Keats-
Rohan, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Domesday People}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 251 (JP).}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab HERBERT \'85 PLOUGHS IT WITH \'bd PLOUGH. The other holdings in Hargrave record 2 oxen (3,1) and 1 plough (19,14), so (assuming 8 oxen to a plough team) it looks as if 2 oxen are missing.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab MEADOW, 6 ACRES. Latin }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 acras}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , accusative; for a list of other occurrences, see 5,2 meadow note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab TOVI CLAIMS. The translation in the Phillimore printed edition ('Tovi claims this land from Eustace as unjustly taken from him') fails to see that this is a reported statement, involving an accusative (}{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 hanc terram}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ) and an infinitive (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ablatam }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 esse}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
]). This is merely a passive voice version of the statement (correctly translated) in 19,15.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab Tovi presumably held it after "Langfer" and, but for Eustace's theft, would have appeared as a king's thane in chapter 29. It was presumably a different Tovi who was the }{\i\insrsid14776484 T.R.E.}{\insrsid14776484 
 holder of Stilton (2,7). See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 177 no. 836.
\par \tab \tab For the name Tovi, see 2,7 Tovi note.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 19,14\tab 
HARGRAVE. Hargrave was an Ancient Parish in Northamptonshire. In 1086, the vill was apparently divided between Huntingdonshire and Northamptonshire where a part of Hargrave, as a jurisdiction of Higham Ferrers (NTH 35,15), was he
ld under William Peverel by a Eustace (presumably the sheriff of Huntingdonshire, the tenant-in-chief of this entry and 19,13). For the possible lie of the boundary, see 3,1 Hargrave note. For the history of this estate, see 19,13 Hargrave note.}{
\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab YOUNG ALWIN. On the name-form Alwin, see 2,9 Alwin note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab LAND FOR 1 \'bd PLOUGHS. See 19,13 oxen note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 1 PLOUGH. See 19,13 plough note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab HERBERT <OF HARGRAVE>. See 19,13 Herbert note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab EDMER. The Domesday forms of this name - }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Edmer}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Edmar}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Edmar}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 (}
{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ), }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Edmaer}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Aetmar}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
] etc. - represent Old English }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Eadm\'e6r}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, pp. 232-33. JRM preferred the form Edmer as it reflected the majority of the Domesday forms. The Alecto edition has Eadm\'e6r. This is the only occurrence of this name in Domesday Huntingdonshire.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 19,15\tab [GREAT] GIDDING. On the possibility that a 'Leightonstone' Hundred head should be inserted here, see 19,11 Kimbolton note.
\par \tab \tab Great Gidding was an Ancient Parish. This estate, together with the 7 hides held by Ramsey Abbey (6,25) and the 4 \'bd hides of William the artificer (26,1) plus the 4 hides at Coppingford (11,2) would have formed a 20-hide unit.
\par \tab \tab Despite the Freemen's claim, Eustace retained the bulk of this jurisdiction which descended in the Lovetot barony before being granted by the subtenant Ingelrann to the priory of St Mary of Huntingdon (19,9 St Mary's note). }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Gidding Magna}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , also known as }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Gidding Prioris,}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  is a Lovetot fee, and is associated with }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Lolinton'}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  (Luddington-in-the-Brook, 19,19) in 1279: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 626; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Book of Fees}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , pp. 923, 928; }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Feudal Aids}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. pp. 467, 470, 472; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Monasticon Anglicanum}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , vi. pp. 79-80; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Taxatio Ecclesiastica}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, p. 51; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , iii. P. 50.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab ALWOLD. On this name-form, see 6,6 Alwold note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab ^[FROM KING EDWARD]^. As there is no indication of a change in their status, both the royal manor of Alconbury (1,6) and its jurisdiction in Gidding were presumably in King Edward's hands }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 T.R.E.}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ; see also 1,9 jurisdiction note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab JURISDICTION IN THE KING'S MANOR OF ALCONBURY. This explains the marginal }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 S}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
; see 1,9 jurisdiction note. Another part of Great Gidding was an outlier of the royal manor (1,6).}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab INGELRANN [* OF EU *]. See 6,7 Ingelrann note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab ALWOLD AND HIS BROTHERS. These are the 6 Freemen mentioned above. Their claim is repeated in D21 but was unsuccessful. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, p. 177 no. 837.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab WILLIAM THE ARTIFICER CLAIMS. On William the artificer, see HUN 26 William note, and on the name William, see B10 William note. He made good his cla
im and his nephew Vitalis (Viel) gave the land to the priory of St Mary in Huntingdon: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , iii. p. 50; see 19,9 St Mary's note. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 177 no. 837.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab OF LAND. This was omitted in error in the Phillimore printed translation, as also in the subholding in 6,22.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab [THIS IS] THE WITNESS OF THE WHOLE HUNDRED. Latin }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Testim' toti' hund'}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  should possibly be expanded to }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 testimonio totius hundredi}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  ('by witness of the whole hundred'), as the final phrase of the previous sentence, though the capital }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 T}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
 and the punctuation before it do not support this. It is more likely that }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Testim' }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 is nominative (= }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Testimonium}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ) and that }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 est}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  is omitted: 'This is the w
itness of the whole hundred'. Its origin might thus have been a marginal note ('Witness of the whole hundred'), derived from the circuit volume or an earlier writing-up that was incorporated into the text of Great Domesday. In any case it probably refers 
to both claims.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 19,16\tab 
WINWICK. This was an Ancient Parish. The vill was divided between counties in 1086 and other portions were held by Eustace from the men of Peterborough Abbey (NTH 6a,17) and by Eustace in chief (NTH 55,4). The 1086 subtenant of the lat
ter holding, Odilard, is apparently the same as the subtenant of the two Huntingdonshire lands (see 19,16 Odilard note). Further, Eskil, the }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 T.R.E.}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
 holder of the present entry, is probably the same man as Aki of NTH 55,4 (see 19,16 Eskil note). The two Hun
tingdonshire portions of Winwick made up a 5-hide unit and, with Eustace's holding in Thurning (19,18), they formed a 10-hide unit; Winwick and Thurning are coupled in }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Feudal Aids}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 472.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab Both parts of Winwick seem to have been wrongfully acquired by Eustace: the status of the first is uncertain (marginal }{\i\insrsid14776484 T}{\insrsid14776484 ; see 19,9 marginal note), while the second (marginal }{
\i\insrsid14776484 S}{\insrsid14776484 ) had probably been a member of Alconbury which retained the jurisdiction. Despite the uncertainty, the lands descended in the Lovetot barony,
 a portion being subsequently granted to the priory of St Mary in Huntingdon (on which see 19,9 St Mary's note and 19,15 Gidding note): }{\i\insrsid14776484 Book of Fees}{\insrsid14776484 , pp. 923, 928; }{\i\insrsid14776484 Feudal Aids}{\insrsid14776484 
, ii. p. 467; }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , iii. p. 121.
\par \tab \tab An 1895 boundary change placed the whole of Winwick in Huntingdonshire.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab ESKIL. The Domesday forms of this name - }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Aschil}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Anschil}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Anschill}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ), }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Osketel}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Osketellus}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Oschetel}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Aschillus}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Aschi}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Osketel}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 us}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ], }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Oschil}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  - represent Old Danish }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Eskil}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , Old Norse }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Askell}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
: von Feilitzen, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, pp. 167-68. The printed Phillimore edition has the forms Askell and Asketill; these have now been standardized as Eskil. The Alecto edition has Eskil.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab Eskil (}{\i\insrsid14776484 Aschil}{\insrsid14776484 ) here is probably the same man as }{\i\insrsid14776484 Achi}{\insrsid14776484 , Eustace's pre
decessor in his holding in Winwick in NTH 55,4, which was held in 1086 by Oidelard, as is the present one (19,16 Oidelard note). The form }{\i\insrsid14776484 Achi}{\insrsid14776484  normally represents Old Danish }{\i\insrsid14776484 Aki}{
\insrsid14776484  (von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 142), so at some stage in the Domesday process there seems to have been confusion over the forms }{\i\insrsid14776484 Aschil }{
\insrsid14776484 and }{\i\insrsid14776484 Achi}{\insrsid14776484 ; on the loss of the inorganic final }{\i\insrsid14776484 l}{\insrsid14776484  in Anglo-Norman, see von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{
\insrsid14776484 , \'a7 66.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 2 \'bd HIDES. The Phillimore printed translation has '2 \'be hides' in error; see the Additions and Corrections: Huntingdonshire at the end of the Phillimore Staffordshire edition. The earlier version of }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Domesday Explorer}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  also had '2 \'be hides' in error.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab OIDELARD [* THE LARDERER *]. The Domesday forms of this 1086 tenant are }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Oilard}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ] in this county, }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Oidelard}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ] in other counties, and are accepted by Forssner, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Continental-Germanic Personal Names in England}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 195, as representing Old German }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Odalhard}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ,}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  Odel}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 h}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 )}{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ard}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ,}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  Odilard }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
etc. with loss of the dental in the Huntingdonshire form. However, an Old French form, not given by him, is more likely; the Domesday form suggest it was }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Oidelard}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, with characteristic Old French differentiation of the initial long vowel. In the Ph
illimore printed edition the forms Odelard and Odilard appear and these have now been standardized as Oidelard. The Alecto edition has Oilard for the Huntingdonshire tenants and Oidelard for the rest.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab An Oidelard the larderer was Eustace's tenant in Grafham (19,22), almost certainly the same person as the Oidelard here and in 19,17, in view of the comparative rarity of the name in Domesday. It is very likely that the }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Widelard}{\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\insrsid14776484 us}{\insrsid14776484 ] of NTH 55,4 who was Eustace's tenant in Winwick, probably with the same pred
ecessor (19,16 Eskil note), was also Oidelard the larderer, despite that form representing a different name (Forssner, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Continental-Germanic Personal Names in England}{\insrsid14776484 , pp. 253-54). See Round, }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Feudal England}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 167 note 21; Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Domesday People}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 312.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 19,17\tab 
THERE ALSO. Winwick was an Ancient Parish. The vill was divided between counties in 1086 and other portions were held by Eustace from the men of Peterborough Abbey (NTH 6a,17) and by Eustace in chief (NTH 55,4). On the history of the estate, see
 19,16 Winwick note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab ALWOLD. On this name-form, see 6,6 Alwold note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab LEOFWIN. On this name, see 15,1 Leofwin note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab ELAF <OF WINWICK>. The Domesday name-forms }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Elaf}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Eilaf}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Ailof}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Airaf}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , represent Old Danish and Old Swedish }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Elaf}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 246.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab Elaf is an uncommon name, occurring on nine holdings in Domesday Book and perhaps representing half-a-dozen individuals, among whom the royal thane at Bengeo (HRT 34,16) and a thane of Earl Tosti in Gloucesters
hire (who may be the same individual) were substantial landholders. Despite the distances involved, it is therefore possible that the Elaf at Winwick is the same individual as the royal thane of Bengeo, though there is only the slight connection of depend
ency on a royal manor to support this (JP).}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab ^[FROM KING EDWARD]^. See 19,15 King Edward note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab JURISDICTION \'85 ALCONBURY. On the marginal }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 S}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  referring to this, see 1,9 jurisdiction note. On Alconbury, see 1,6 Alconbury note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab OIDELARD [* THE LARDERER]. See 19,16 Oidelard note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 19,18\tab 
THURNING. This was an Ancient Parish. Thurning was divided between Huntingdonshire and Northamptonshire in 1086. The Northamptonshire portion was held by Peterborough Abbey (NTH 6,10b), appurtenant to its manor of Oundle. The coun
ty boundary passed through the main street until the change of 1888.
\par \tab \tab Eustace's portion of Thurning was a round 5 hides and would have formed a 10-hide unit with Winwick (19,17-18). He was also a subtenant of Crowland Abbey's land here (5,2), whose hidage appears to couple it with Luddington-in-the-Brook (19,19).

\par \tab \tab Eustace's holding here descended to the Lovetots and Alfred's subtenancy to the Cloptons of Clapton: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Book of Fees}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , pp. 923, 928; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , iii. pp. 108-109.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab Two hides in Thurning had once been held by Ramsey Abbey: the Ramsey Chronicle (Macray, pp. 76-78); }{\i\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 30 no. 23.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab JURISDICTION IN ALCONBURY. On the marginal }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 S}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  referring to this, see 1,9 jurisdiction note. On Alconbury, see 1,6 Alconbury note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 1 \'bd PLOUGHS \'85 2 \'bd PLOUGHS. One plough would have been shared between the lordship 'home farm' and the villagers.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 6 VILLAGERS. The Phillimore printed translation has '16 villagers' in error; see the Additions and Corrections: Huntingdonshire at the end of the Phillimore Staffordshire edition.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab ALFRED [* OF GRANDCOURT *]. }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid14776484 The Domesday forms of Alfred - }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid14776484 Alured}{\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid14776484 , }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid14776484 Aluredus}{\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid14776484 Aluret}{\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid14776484 ,}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid14776484  Alueradus}{\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid14776484 Aluerd}{\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid14776484 , }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid14776484 Aluert}{\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid14776484 Aluer}{\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid14776484 , }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid14776484 Eluret}{\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid14776484  - represent Old English }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid14776484 \'c6lfr\'e6d}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid14776484 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid14776484 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid14776484 
, pp. 175-76. However, he stated that the Old Breton }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid14776484 Alfred}{\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid14776484 Alfret}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid14776484 Alfrit}{\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid14776484  might sometimes be considered, as well as Old German }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid14776484 Alverat}{\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid14776484  etc., especially for Normans and 1086 landholders. JRM preferred the modern form Alfred for both }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 T.R.E.}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  and 1086 holders}{\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid14776484 . The Alecto edition has Alfred and Alvred, the latter most often for 1086 holders. }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
This is the only occurrence of this name in Domesday Huntingdonshire.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab Alfred is identified by King, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Peterborough Abbey}{\insrsid14776484 , pp. 47ff. Apart from Thurning, he and his descend
ants also held Polebrook and Clopton (NTH 55,3;6) from Eustace and subsequently as a subtenancy from Roger of Lovetot, he holding from Peterborough Abbey. See also Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Domesday People}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 141 (JP).}{
\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab JOCELYN. The Domesday forms of this name - }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Gozelin}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ], }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Godzelinus}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ,}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  Goscelinus }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
etc. - represent Old German }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Gautselin}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Gauzlin}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Goz(e)lin}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , Old French}{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  Goscelin}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Gosselin}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Jocelin}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Joscelin}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }
{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Joselin}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  etc: Forssner, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Continental-Germanic Personal Names in England}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , pp. 128-29. Jocelyn, which also derives from these names (Reaney, }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Dictionary of British Surnames}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ), was chosen by JRM. The Alecto edition has Joscelin. This is the only occurrence of this name in Domesday Huntingdonshire.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab ROBERT THE BURSAR CLAIMS. He was a Norman and the brother of Urso d\rquote Abbetot, sh
eriff of Worcestershire, who was his heir. He held in Domesday both as a tenant-in-chief and as a subtenant. On the descent of his lands, see Round, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Feudal England}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , pp. 175-76, 190-95; the }{
\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Leicestershire Survey (Slade, p. 90); Keats-Rohan, }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Domesday People}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
p. 383. A different Robert the bursar appears in Domesday Nottinghamshire as the tenant of Roger of Bully. On this claim, see Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , pp. 177-78 no. 838.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab On the name Robert, see 16,1 Robert note.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab ^[KING EDWARD HELD IT]^. See 19,15 King Edward note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 19,19\tab 
LUDDINGTON[-IN-THE-BROOK]. This was an Ancient Parish. In 1086 the vill was divided between counties, the men of Peterborough Abbey holding a part in Northamptonshire (NTH 6a,16) appurtenant to their manor of Oundle. The who
le was transferred to Northamptonshire in 1895.
\par \tab \tab The 2 \'bd hides here, together with the 1 \'bd hides of Thurning (5,2) and Ramsey Abbey's 1 hide holding at Great Gidding (6,21) made a 5-hide unit.
\par \tab \tab Luddington-in-the-Brook became part of the Lovetot fee and was given with [Great] Gidding (19,15) by their common subtenant Ingelrann to the priory of St Mary in Huntingdon: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Monasticon Anglicanum}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , vi. pp. 79-80; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , i. p. 334; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Northamptonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, iii. p. 84; see 19,9 St Mary's note and 19,15 Gidding note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab JURISDICTION \'85 ALCONBURY. On the marginal }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 S}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  referring to this, see 1,9 jurisdiction note. On Alconbury, see 1,6 Alconbury note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab INGELRANN [* OF EU *]. See 6,7 Ingelrann note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab HERLEWIN <OF LUDDINGTON>. The Domesday forms of this name - }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Herluin}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ), }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Herluin}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Erluin}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ), }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Vrleuuine - }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 represent}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  }{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Ol}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 d German }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Erlewin}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ,}{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  Herlewin}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  etc: }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Forssner, }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Continental-Germanic Personal Names in England}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , pp. 79-80;}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  von Feilitzen, }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{
\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 248. }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
The Phillimore printed edition has Herlwin, but this has now been changed to Herlewin for the present edition. The Alecto edition has the forms Herlwin, Herlewin, Herluin. This is the only occurrence of this name in Domesday Huntingdonshire.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab If Baldwin son of Herlewin is disregarded, the name Herlewin occurs on thirteen holdings in Domesday Book and once more in the }{\i\insrsid14776484 Liber Exoniensis}{\insrsid14776484 
, probably representing five individuals. Given the rarity of the name, the Herlewin who held Luddington may have been the same individual as the tenant of Collyweston (NTH 32,1), across the border in Northamptonshire (JP).}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab ^[KING EDWARD HELD IT]^. See 19,15 King Edward note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 19,20\tab [ALCONBURY] WESTON. It was a settlement in Alconbury Ancient Parish. It w
as identified as [Old] Weston by JRM, but a note says 'possibly Alconbury Weston'. The link to Alconbury, mentioned in the text and emphasized by the marginal }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 S}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, together with the later history of the manor and the likelihood that the 1 hide here should be
 grouped with Upton (11,1) to make a 5-hide unit, suggest that this is indeed Alconbury Weston. It descended within the Lovetot fief and was granted to St Mary's, Huntingdon, after its re-foundation as a priory (see 19,9 St Mary's note) : }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 614; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , iii. p. 8. It is }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Wodesweston}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, that is 'Wood Weston' in contrast to 'Wold Weston' (Old Weston) in }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Taxatio Ecclesiastica}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 51: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Place-names of Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 250.}{
\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab JURISDICTION IN ALCONBURY. On the marginal }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 S}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  referring to this, see 1,9 jurisdiction note. On Alconbury, see 1,6 Alconbury note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab WULFBERT <OF WESTON>. The Domesday name-forms - }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Vlbert(us)}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Gulbertus}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Wlb}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 er}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ]}{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 t}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ] - represent Old German }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Wulfbert}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 418; Forssner, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Continental-Germanic Personal Names in England}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 259. The Alecto edition has Wulfbert for }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 T.R.E.}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  holders, Gulbert for 1086 ones. This is the only occurrence of this name in Domesday Huntingdonshire.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab Wulfbert is an uncommon name, occurring on fewer than twenty holdings, none of them close enough, or with tenurial associations or other links, to be plausibly connected with this modest holding at Weston (JP).}{
\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab ^[KING EDWARD HELD IT]^. See 19,15 King Edward note.}{
\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 19,21\tab WOOLLEY. This was an Ancient Parish. On the Domesday form (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Ciluelai}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ), see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Place-names of Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, p. 251.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab In 29,5 Golde (see 19,21 Gode note) and her son Wulfric hold 3 hides in Woolley, there described as a manor. It is probable that this \'bd hide, not so described
, had been removed by Eustace. It was probably soon reunited with the manor as it did not descend to the Lovetots, but descended within the honour of Gloucester: }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 
, iii. p. 125; see 29,5 Woolley note.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab GODE <OF WOOLLEY> AND WULFRIC [* SON OF GODE *]. The form }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Gode}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  normally represents Old English }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Goda }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 (masculine) or }
{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Gode}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  (feminine) though in Domesday Book the form }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Gode}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  can represent }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Goda}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
 and vice versa (von Feilitzen, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 263). However, in 29,5 the }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 T.R.E.}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
 and 1086 tenants of 3 hides in Woolley are }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Golde}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  and her son Wulfric. }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Golde}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  normally represents Old English }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Golda}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ibidem}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ,}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 p. 273), but in this instance }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Gode}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  and }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Golde}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  appear to be the same person; see 29,5 Golde note. The Alecto edition has Goda here and Golda for 29,5.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab The Domesday forms of the name Wulfric - }{\i\insrsid14776484 Vluric(us)}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Vlricus}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Vlfric}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Wluric(us)}{
\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Wlfricus}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Wlfuricus}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Vlfriz}{\insrsid14776484  etc. - represent Old English }{\i\insrsid14776484 Wulfric}{\insrsid14776484 
: von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid14776484 , pp. 423-24. The Alecto edition has Wulfric.}{\i\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab A }{\i\insrsid14776484 Gode}{\insrsid14776484  and her son also held jointly in Hertfordshire (HRT 34,4) and the probability of two widows with similar name-forms holding jointly with their sons are extremely slight. }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Gode}{\insrsid14776484  and her son had held the Hertfordshire manor from Queen Edith, and }{\i\insrsid14776484 Gode}{\insrsid14776484 
 alone held three other holdings in the county from the queen (HRT 18,1. 32,2. 42,7) and a fourth from the king (HRT 17,4). The form }{\i\insrsid14776484 Gode}{\insrsid14776484  is thus well-attested in this case; and since }{\i\insrsid14776484 Golde}{
\insrsid14776484  is otherwise unrecorded in Domesday Book, Gode has been retained here (JP).
\par \tab \tab Between Gode}{\i\insrsid14776484 's}{\insrsid14776484  manors of Welwyn and Woolley lay a tight cluster of manors in Cambridgeshire held by a }{\i\insrsid14776484 Goda}{\insrsid14776484 
 from Earl Algar (CAM 13,1-7. CAM 26,22), and another from Edeva (14,53), most of which devolved upon Earl Roger of Shrewsbury. It is possible, even likely, that these too had been held by }{\i\insrsid14776484 Gode}{\insrsid14776484 
 of Woolley though there are no other links to support this; see Palmer, 'Great Domesday on CD-ROM', pp. 147; 149; 214-15, notes 65 and 68 (where references to fief 21 should read 29) (JP).}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 19,22\tab GRAFHAM. This was an Ancient Parish. This \'bd
 hide is not designated as a manor or a jurisdiction and, like another part (1,9), it might have been a part of the royal manor of Brampton (1,8) or a dependency of 'Leightonstone' Hundred itse
lf and representing a fragment of another dismembered royal manor. According to D25 Grafham was a jurisdiction of the king and was not legitimately held by Eustace. This \'bd
 hide might duplicate a part of the 5 hides of Grafham (1,9) as there is an extra hal
f-hide in the sum for this hundred (Hart, 'Hidation of Huntingdonshire', p. 65) but conclusions based on Domesday figures alone are unsafe. It seems that both parts of Grafham descended to the Lovetots, but the five-hide manor was later equally divided be
t
ween the honour of Gloucester (granted from royal land) and the Abbot of Sawtry (a Lovetot fee deriving from Eustace). It is not clear whether the king ultimately asserted his claim, or whether he had managed to retain some land here throughout. East Perr
y seems to have been part of the manor; West Perry in Great Staughton was also held by Eustace (19,30): }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Book of Fees}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , pp. 923, 928; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 623; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Feudal Aids}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 467; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , iii. p. 61.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab ODILARD THE LARDERER. See 19,16 Odilard note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 6 OXEN. There is \'bd plough (among 2 \'bd) at the nearby West Perry (19,30). It may be that the 6 oxen and the \'bd
 plough are regarded as approximations or (less likely) that the team here was made up of 6 oxen rather than 8 oxen (see 1,3 oxen note).}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 19,23\tab HEMINGFORD [GREY]. This was an Ancient Parish. This estate had once been Ramsey Abbey land (6,16 Hemingford note) but was among a number of hides alienated from it. The estate descended in the Lovetot barony: }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Book of Fees}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , pp. 923, 928; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 312.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab ORDWY <OF HEMINGFORD>. The Domesday forms of this name - }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Ordui}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Orduui}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  - represent Old English }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Ordwig}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 337. JRM preferred the second element -wy for Old English -}{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 wig}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , as there is no final }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 g}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
 in the Domesday forms. The Alecto edition has Ordwig. This is the only occurrence of this name in Domesday Huntingdonshire.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab The name Ordwy occurs on 13 holdings in Domesday Book. There are no apparent links between the Huntingdonshire holding and its only near neighbours, the holdings of Ordwy of Bedford (JP).}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab FOLIO <206c>. This was misplaced in the Latin text and translation in the Phillimore printed translation; see the Additions and Corrections: Huntingdonshire at the end of the Phillimore Staffordshire edition.}{
\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 2 OXEN IN A PLOUGH. The other beasts do not seem to appear on any adjacent holding, but it is notable that the holding of 27,1 at Hemingford Grey is waste and no plough is mentioned on the holding of 6,17 at Hemingford 
Abbots, both occupied by Ralph son of Osmund.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 19,24\tab PAPWORTH [ST AGNES]. This was an Ancient Parish in Cambridgeshire. This entry is not designated as a manor, despite the marginal }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 M}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
 in the Phillimore printed translation (corrected here). In 1086 the vill 
was divided between holders and counties in 1086. In addition to his holding in Huntingdonshire, Eustace had three portions in Cambridgeshire (CAM 30,1-3), and other parts were held in that county by Count Alan, Richard son of Count Gilbert, Gilbert of Gh
ent, Hardwin of Scales and Picot of Cambridge (CAM 14,53. 19,1. 23,1. 26,44. 32,26.). The whole of Papworth was placed in Cambridgeshire in 1895.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab The present holding was at Papworth St Agnes, named from a twelfth-century holder who has been sainted like Countess Judith at Sawtry (20,2 Sawtry note). The land passed down the Lovetot barony: }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Book of Fees}{\insrsid14776484 , pp. 923, 928; }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH Cambridgeshire}{\insrsid14776484 , ix. pp. 367-68.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab MEADOW. Latin }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 acras}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , accusative; for a list of other occurrences, see 5,2 meadow note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 19,25\tab OFFORD [D'AR
CY]. This was an Ancient Parish. The vill that became Offord D'Arcy was divided in 1086 between Ramsey Abbey (6,19), Countess Judith (20,7) and Eustace, making 10 hides in all. This manor became known as 'Moynes' or 'Pabenhams'. }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Offord}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  was held in the }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Book of Fees}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , pp. 923, 928, by William }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Le Moyne}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
 from the Lovetot barony: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 325.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab ALWIN THE SHERIFF. He was not necessarily the sheriff of Huntingdonshire; see \{Introduction: Administration of the Shire\}; and Green, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 English Sheriffs}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 48.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab On the name-form Alwin, see 2,9 Alwin note.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab ODO. The Domesday forms of this 1086 holder - }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Odo}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Ode}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Oddo}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , 
}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Odonus}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Oda}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  - represent Old German }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Odo}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, which was also a very common Norman French personal name: Forssner, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Continental-Germanic Personal Names in England}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , pp. 198-99; see also von Feilitzen, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 334. The Alecto edition has Odo, except for most of the occurrences of Odo of Winchester, where it has Oda of Winchester, a
lmost certainly correctly as he was an Englishman who had also held }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 T.R.E. }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 (von Feilitzen, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, p. 333, note 3). It has been decided therefore to call him Oda for the present edition. This is the only occurrence of this name in Domesday Huntingdonshire.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 19,26\tab WARESLEY. This was an Ancient Parish. For the erratic Domesday name-form (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Wederesle}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ), see 16,1 Waresley note.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab The present holding is not designated as a manor and does not reappear in the Lovetot barony: }{\i\insrsid14776484 Feudal Aids}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 473; }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 
, ii. p. 378. This \'bd hide had probably been alienated from one of the other two holdings (16,1. 23,1), almost certainly the latter since its half hide would contribute to a 3-hide unit, making 10 hides with the holdin
g of 16,1. The descent was clearly disputed according to D9, where it is said that Sumarlithi was not the tenant-in-chief }{\i\insrsid14776484 T.R.E.}{\insrsid14776484  but held from Thorulf (who is said to have given it to him) and later from his sons.}{
\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab SUMARLITHI <OF WARESLEY>. The Domesday forms of this name - }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Sum}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 m}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ]}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 erled}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Sum}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 m}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ]}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 erlede}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Sumerlet}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Sum}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 m}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ]}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 erde}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Sum}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 m}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ]}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 erdi }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 (genitive) - represent Old Norse }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Sumarlithr}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Sumarlithi}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , pp. 377-78; Fellows Jensen, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
Scandinavian Personal Names in Lincolnshire and Yorkshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, pp. 270-71. The forms Summerled and Sumarlithi appear in the Phillimore printed edition; these have now been standardized as Sumarlithi. The Alecto edition has Sumarlithr generally.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab Outside Lincolnshire, Sumarlithi is a rare n
ame, occurring on only single holdings in Devon, Suffolk, and Yorkshire. There are no apparent links between Waresley and the several Lincolnshire Sumarlithis, and it is improbable that there were connections with the small and remote holdings in other co
unties (JP).
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab It may be worth noting that a man called }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Sumerled}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  held an estate at Witchford in Cambridgeshire at the time of King Edgar (see the }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
Liber Eliensis}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  (Blake, p. 91)) and that, at the same period, two, apparently separate, men called }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Sumerlida}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  the priest and }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Sumerlida}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  of 'Stoke' appear as sureties for Bishop Aethelwold in connection with estates of Peterborough Abbey; see Robertson, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, nos. xxxix and xl, pp. 72-83, 325-332, dated between 963 and 992. Their connection with each other and with the Sumarlithi of Domesday is unknown.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab ROGER. On this name, see HUN 17 Roger note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 19,27\tab [HAIL] WESTON. This was a chapelry of Southoe (19,29). The three holdings here (19,27-28. 25,1) together with Great Staughton (2,2) formed a 10-hide unit
. Both of Eustace's holdings here, though disputed, were subsequently merged with his manor of Southoe (19,29).}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab ALGEAT <OF WESTON>. The Domesday forms of this name-form - }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Eliet}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Aelget}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Aliet, Elget }
{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 - could represent either the hypothetical Old English }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \'c6thelgeat }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 or Old English }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \'c6lfgeat}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
 or, where the sex is unknown (in WOR 26,9, WAR 16,41 and SHR 4,23,3), the Old English feminine names }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \'c6thelgyth}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \'c6lfgyth}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  or}{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  Ealdgyth}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 146, under }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Al-geat}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, and also p. 142, under }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Al-}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
. The Phillimore printed edition has the form Algeat, though some of the above Domesday forms appear as Alfgeat; these have now been standardized as Algeat. The Alecto edition followed von Feilitzen with Algeat.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab The name Algea
t occurs on four widely separated holdings in Domesday Book, all of modest value, none close to any other, and each devolving upon a different tenant-in-chief. All four were probably held by different individuals in 1066 (JP).}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab LORDSHIP \'bd HIDE. See \{Introduction: Lordship Land\}.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab COUNTESS JUDITH CLAIMS THIS LAND. The dispute is tilted in her favour in D11 by recording that the land had been held from Waltheof (her husband). Her claim was unsuccessful. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 178 no. 839.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab On the name Judith, see B5 Judith note}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 19,28\tab THERE ALSO. [Hail] Weston was a chapelry of Southoe (19,29). In a Declaration (D13), the jurors state that this land did not belong to Saxi (who was the predecessor of Robert [son of] Fafiton, HUN 25). Th
is seems to imply that Robert was disputing it, but that it was rightly someone else's, presumably Eustace's. For the descent, see 19,27 Weston note and 19,29 Southoe note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab GODWIN. He was not 'Godwin of Weston' as in the Persons Index for the Phillimore printed translation; see D13 Godwin note. On the name Godwin, see 1,4 Godwin note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab EUSTACE HAS \'bd PLOUGH. The other half does not appear, though it is possible that a half-plough in lordship has been omitted in 19,27. On the name Eustace, see B1 Eustace note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab MEADOW \'85 ACRES; PASTURABLE WOODLAND \'85 ACRES. Latin }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 acras}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , accusative, for both these. For a list of other occurrences, see 5,2 meadow note.}{
\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 19,29\tab SOUTHOE. This was an Ancient Parish. It was the most important of Eustace's holdings, which became the head manor of the Southoe Lovetot fee and was known as the manor of }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Sutho Lovethot}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  (etc.): }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , i. p. 198, ii. pp. 666, 676; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Feudal Aids}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. pp. 468, 472; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
VCH Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 347.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab This holding at Southoe, together with the two at Diddington (2,3. 20,9), formed a 10-hide unit.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab DUNNING. The Domesday forms of this name - }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Dunning}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Dunninc}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Donning}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Dunniht}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Donninc}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  - represent Old English }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Dunning}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 : von Feilitzen, }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 228. The Alecto edition has Dunning. This is the only occurrence of this name in Domesday Huntingdonshire.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 1 \'bd HIDES. See \{Introduction: Lordship Land\}.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 3 PRESENTATIONS A YEAR. These }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 presentationes}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  are possibly the equivalent of the later }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 exenia}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, that is payments made by tenants to their lords acknowledging their superiority: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, i. p. 350 note. All the instances in Domesday Book involve places with fisheries and in CAM 1,1 a presentation of fish was made three times a year by 7 fishermen. On a number of occasions the main survey in the }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
Inquisitio Eliensis}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  adds 'of fish' to the 'presentations' in the corresponding entries in Domesday Cambridgeshire. The link between the 'fishery' and the 'presentations' here is made clear in the A
lecto translation: '1 fishery [rendering] 1,000 eels and 3 gifts a year worth 49d'. This render may have been a custom of the estate. The payment presumably went to the king and was perhaps, in this instance, also intended to safeguard Eustace's main mano
r.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 19,30\tab [WEST] PERRY. It was in Great Staughton Ancient Parish. East Perry (in Grafham Ancient Parish) was also held by Eustace (19,22; see 19,22 Grafham note). West Perry descended in the Lovetot barony: }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 674; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Feudal Aids}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 468; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 363.}{
\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab ALWIN DEVIL. On the name-form Alwin, see 2,9 Alwin note. On his byname }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Deule}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , see Tengvik}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , Old English Bynames}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, p. 34. He is probably the same as the Alwin Devil who had held Pertenhall (2,9. D16) and he may also be the same man as the Alwin who held part of Keysoe }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 T.R.E.}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
 and in 1086 (29,2; see 29,2 Keysoe note).}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 1 \'bd PLOUGHS. The other \'bd plough does not appear unless it is at Boughton (19,31).}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 19,31\tab BOUGHTON. It was a settlement in the Ancient Parish of Southoe. It is not said to be a manor and moreover is subject to a dispute (D12), where it is said that the }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 T.R.E.}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  holder was Earl Waltheof with Godric the priest as his subtenant. Waltheof's heirs (see HUN 20 Judith note) recovered it and it became part of the honour of Huntingdon; see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Book of Fees}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , pp. 923, 928; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 351. Waltheof's tenure suggests that Boughton might once have been a member of Great Paxton (20,8 Outliers note).
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab The Grid Reference (TL1964) is to Boughton Lodge Farm. The deserted site of 'Boughton Village' is marked at TL197647 on the Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 map}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab GODRIC THE PRIEST. On the name Godric, see 2,5 Godric note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab \'bd PLOUGH. See 19,30 ploughs note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 19,32\tab 'LEIGHTONSTONE' HUNDRED]. For the restoration of this hundred head, see 13,1 hundred note, 19,11 Kimbolton note and \{Introduction: Hundreds\}.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab CATWORTH. Great Catworth was an Ancient Parish. For other parts of Catworth and its relationship to Northamptonshire, see 13,4 Catworth note and 19,12 Catworth note.
\par \tab \tab The scribe left two lines blank before this entry, but there is no sign that it was a later addition by him. The space was almost certainly intended to indicate the difference between this estate (no longer
 held by Eustace) and his preceding holdings. It might, however, have been a later addition to the circuit returns.
\par \tab \tab Lands in Kimbolton/'Leightonstone' Hundred have already been entered (19,11 on) and with them 3 hides at Catworth (19,12). The present 2 h
ides are not designated a manor and Eustace had already been deprived of their use. They had probably been part of the Kimbolton multiple estate of which King Edward had held a part, while Earl Harold held the rest; see D17-18 and 13,1 Kimbolton note and 
13,4 Catworth note. This entry is not a late addition to Domesday, but it is possible that it was misplaced in the source used by the Great Domesday scribe.
\par \tab \tab This Catworth appears to have had no later independent history but to have been reunited with Kimbolton manor and descended in the barony of that name.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 20\tab LAND OF COUNTESS JUDITH. On the name Judith, see B5 Judith note. She was the daughter of Lambert, Count of Lens, and William\rquote s half-sister Adelaide and thus related to Eustace of Boulogne and the nie
ce of King William. By 1086 she was the widow of Earl Waltheof (see 2,8 Waltheof note) whom she married }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 c}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
. 1070 and who was executed for treason in 1076. She inherited many of his lands. Her main heir was her daughter, Matilda (Maud), who married first Sim
on I de Senlis, then David I, King of Scotland both of whom were successively Earls of Huntingdon. Judith's lands formed the honour or barony of Huntingdon in later times, held by a line of the Earls of Huntingdon.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab In this chapter only Diddington (20,9) is expressly said to have been held by Waltheof, though the holders of some of the other manors (Thorkil [the Dane], Hunef, Northmann) may have been his 'men' (as suggested by }{
\i\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , i. p. 335); see D3 given note. He may have been given King 
Edward's manors (20,6;8) by King William, unless King William gave them to his favourite niece after Waltheof's execution. Earl Tosti had held Caldecote (20,5) a member of Eynesbury (20,6) and it is possible that Waltheof acquired Caldecote when he was gi
v
en Tosti's former earldom; moreover, it is possible that Tosti had once held Eynesbury (20,6) and Great Paxton (20,8); see 20,5 Tosti note. Thus Judith may have acquired the fief entire from her husband; on his holding of Leighton Bromswold, which did not
 pass to her, see 2,8 Thorkil note.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab The entries in this fief are arranged by hundreds as follows:
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 20,1-2 Normancross Hundred
\par \tab 20,3 'Hurstingstone' Hundred
\par \tab 20,4 Kimbolton ['Leightonstone'] Hundred
\par \tab 20,5-9 Toseland Hundred.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 20,1\tab CONINGTON. This was an Ancient Parish. Nine }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 mansae}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  had been granted here in 957 by a genuine charter of King Eadwig to his thane Wulfstan [Uccea]: Sawyer}{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , no. 649 (= }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 23 no. 9). Some or all of the land went (1017 x 1035) to
 Thorney Abbey by the will of Mantat the anchorite: Sawyer}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , no. 1523 (= }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, p. 33 no. 31, pp. 204-205). This may have been a grant or a reversion. Later (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 c}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 . 1060) 6 hides of the land, separately mentione
d in the Domesday entry (see also D26), were leased to Thorkil [of Harringworth] with reversion to the abbey, with a promise of 3 hides which he himself held there (and which must have been part of the original grant by King Eadwig): }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 38 no. 46; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Monasticon Anglicanum}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 604. Nonetheless the land went to the honour of Huntingdon: }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. pp. 652, 654; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Book of Fees}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 923; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 146.}{
\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab THORKIL [* THE DANE *]. He was also known as Thorkil of Harringworth; see 2,8 Thorkil note. On the name Thorkil, see B12 Thorkil note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 2 \'bd HIDES. See \{Introduction: Lordship Land\}.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab VOLUNTARY PAYMENT. Latin }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 karitas}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  or }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 caritas}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  means 'an act of kindness', 'an act of charity', 'a generous act'. More sp
ecific meanings such as 'alms-giving', 'provision of a meal of love and fraternity', 'distribution of food and drink to monks on the occasion of a feast-day' are also possible in Medieval Latin. The translation here seems preferable to the 'allowance' in 
the Phillimore printed translation and 'paid a payment' in Fleming. This is the only occurrence of the word in Domesday Book. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 178 no. 840.}{
\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 20,2\tab 
SAWTRY. There were later two parishes, Sawtry All Saints and Sawtry St Andrew, as well as an extra-parochial area, Sawtry St Judith. In Domesday the entries for Sawtry (6,12. 19,1. 20,2. 29,6) together with Glatton (9,1) made a 30-hide unit, but only the 
present subdivision is a round figure. The }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 T.R.E.}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
 holder was Thorkil [the Dane], also known as Thorkil of Harringworth (2,8 Thorkil note). Between 1050 and 1070 he consented to his wife Thurgunt giving the land to Ramsey Abbey: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Monasticon Anglicanum}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, v. pp. 522-23; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Ramsey Chronicle}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , pp. 175-76, 199; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, p. 236 no. 325. The bequest failed to take effect apparently because Thorkil sided with the Danes, probably in 1069, and his land here went to Earl Waltheof (as did Conington, 20,1): }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Monasticon Anglicanum}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 604.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab 
This estate was said to have been 'especially loved and frequented' by Countess Judith and William I apparently freed it of all Crown dues including }{\i\insrsid14776484 murdrum}{\insrsid14776484  and danegeld (}{\i\insrsid14776484 Monasticon Anglicanum}{
\insrsid14776484 , v. p. 523), although there is no sign of this in the Domesday entry. William II and Henry I freed the wood (later known as Monkswood, TL1980) from all interference by royal foresters: }{\i\insrsid14776484 Monasticon Anglicanum}{
\insrsid14776484 , v. p. 523; }{\i\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 663.
\par \tab \tab The manor became known as Sawtry Judith or Sawtry St Judith, the Countess becoming a saint to join St Andrew and All Saints, the other two divisions of Sawtry: }{\i\insrsid14776484 Place-names of Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 
, pp. 195-96. It was given to the Cistercian Abbey of Sawtry at its foundation in 1147 by Simon, Earl of Northampton, the grandson of Earl Waltheof and Judith, and was later known as }{\i\insrsid14776484 Magna}{\insrsid14776484  or }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Major}{\insrsid14776484  Sawtry or Sawtry }{\i\insrsid14776484 Monachorum}{\insrsid14776484 : }{\i\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 663; }{\i\insrsid14776484 Taxatio Ecclesiastica}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 50; }{
\i\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , i. pp. 391-92, iii. p. 208; Knowles and Hadcock, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Medieval Religious Houses}{\insrsid14776484 , pp. 114, 125.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab THORKIL [* THE DANE *]. He was also known as Thorkil of Harringworth; see 2,8 Thorkil note. On the name Thorkil, see B12 Thorkil note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 2 \'bd HIDES. See \{Introduction: Lordship Land\}.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 20,3\tab 
[GREAT] STUKELEY. This was an Ancient Parish. With the 7 hides of Ramsey Abbey (6,1) these 3 taxable hides formed a 10-hide unit. Despite the respective hidages, this was clearly the larger estate, later known as Stukeley }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Magna
}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  or }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Major.}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  As it had land for 6 ploughs it appears to have been a manor beneficially hidated or it had been greatly expanded: see \{Introduction: Hidage\}
. It descended in the barony of Huntingdon and was }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Stivecle Comitis David}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  in 1220 (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Book of Fees}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 333); see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
Rotuli Hundredorum}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. pp. 598-99; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. pp. 230-32. For the grant of part of the tithe here to St Andrew's, Northampton, see 19,10 Stukeley note.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab Property in the borough of Huntingdon was appurtenant to [Great] Stukeley; see B14 Hunef note.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab HUNEVA [* HUNEF *] <OF STUKELEY>. On the likelihood that Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Hunneue}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  is the same woman as the }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Hunef}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
 of B14 and D3, see B14 Hunef note.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab The form }{\i\insrsid14776484 Hunneue}{\insrsid14776484  occurs nowhere else in Domesday Book but a }{\i\insrsid14776484 Hvnef}{\insrsid14776484  had held Oakley in Kent from Earl Haro
ld (KEN 5,108). In view of the rarity of the name, the handsome scale of Stukeley and the respectable size of Oakley, the two Hunefs may have been the same person; but in the absence of any other connecting link they have been treated as separate individu
als here (JP).}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab LAND FOR 2 PLOUGHS IN LORDSHIP. For the exemption of this land, see B21 ploughs note. For the Latin }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 terram}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , accusative, see 4,1 land note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 

\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab A CHURCH. There was a separate church at what became Little Stukeley (6,1).}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab THE MARGINAL LETTER is a }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 d}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  with an abbreviation sign and probably abbreviates }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 disputatio}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  ('dispute') or }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 diratiocinandum}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  ('to be determined, proved, established'). It also appears in the margin of Domesday Derbyshire folio 278b opposite a claim for land in Risley (DBY 16,2). Its p
urpose is similar to the marginal }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 k}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  (for }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 kalumnia}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  or }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 kalumpnia}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, 'claim'; see 2,6 claims note).}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab EUSTACE ^[THE SHERIFF]^ CLAIMS IT. He held 1 virgate here in 19,10 superfluous to the present 10 hides, and probably a fraction of them. The claim is not in the
 Declarations and was unsuccessful. See also B10 Eustace note, and on the name Eustace, see B1 Eustace note. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 178 no. 841.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 

\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 20,4\tab KIMBOLTON HUNDRED. [* 'LEIGHTONSTONE' HUNDRED *]. See 13,1 hundred note, 19,11 Kimbolton note and \{Introduction: Hundreds\}.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab MOLESWORTH. This was an Ancient Parish. Despite the subtenancy of Eustace, presumably the sheriff, this land descended within the honour of Huntingdon: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Book of Fees}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, pp. 924, 928; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 617; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , iii. p. 92.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab NORTHMANN. The Domesday forms of this 1066 holder - }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Norman}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Normann}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 us}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ), }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Norman}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ], }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Normandni}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  (genitive) - represent Old English }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Northmann}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  ('a dweller in the north', a Scandinavian'): von Feilitzen, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, pp. 331-32. The Phillimore printed edition has the forms Norman and Northmann for both 1066 and 1086 landholders. For the present edition a distinction has been made between these: Northmann for 1066 holders an
d Norman for 1086 ones. This is the policy followed by the Alecto edition.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 1 HIDE. See \{Introduction: Lordship Land\}.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab EUSTACE [* THE SHERIFF *]. See B10 Eustace note, and on the name Eustace, see B1 Eustace note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 20,5\tab CALDECOTE. This holding (Domesday }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Cotes}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ) was left unidentified by }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, i. p. 351, but identified by JRM as Cotton which lay in Offord D'Arcy (see 2,1 Weald note). However, the honour of Huntingdon's possession was Caldecote, an outlier of Eynesbury and sharing its descent: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Feudal Aids}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 473; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. pp. 275-76; Hart, 'Hidation of Huntingdonshire', p. 66. The dependency of }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Cotes}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
 on Eynesbury is mentioned in the entry. Either Caldecote or Eynesbury accounted for Hardwicke (TL2056).
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab For the hidage, see 20,6 Eynesbury note.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 
EARL TOSTI. He was the third son of Earl Godwin of Wessex and brother of Earl (King) Harold. He succeeded Siward as Earl of Northumbria in 1055 and held other shires, including Northamptonshire and Huntingdonshire, and perhaps Cambridge
shire and Bedfordshire. He was married to Judith, daughter of Baldwin IV of Flanders, and was exiled with his father Godwin and his brothers Harold, Swein and Gyrth in 1051-1052. His subjects ejected him from his Northumbrian earldom in 1065 and there was
 
unrest in other shires held by him as well; his opponents from the north did much damage in Northamptonshire. They chose Morcar to replace him and this was accepted by King Edward, but Tosti's southern earldom, including Huntingdonshire, reverted to Walth
eof, son of its former holder Earl Siward; see B5 Siward note. Tosti went into exile in Bruges then in Saint-Omer. After Edward the Confessor\rquote 
s death, allied with King Harold Hardrada of Norway, he invaded Yorkshire but was defeated and killed by his brother Earl (King) Harold at Stamford Bridge in 1066. On his r\'f4le in Huntingdonshire, see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , i. pp. 334-35. On the name Tosti, see 10,1 Tosti note.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab In Huntingdonshire Earl Tosti had held Caldecote (20,5) and part of Hail Weston (19,27) accor
ding to one of the Declarations (D11). He is most probably to be identified with the Tosti who had held Buckworth (10,1), a member of Great Paxton (20,8. D23),. The fact that Caldecote and Buckworth were both members of larger manors suggested to Stenton 
(in }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , pp. 334-35) that Tosti had also held the }{\i\insrsid14776484 capita}{\insrsid14776484 
 (Eynesbury and Great Paxton) themselves. If this is so, then the mention of Tosti in connection with the members is anachronistic, since Domesday states that King Edward held both Eyne
sbury and Great Paxton, which (on Stenton's hypothesis) he would have resumed after Tosti's loss of the earldom. In support of this, the fact that they were in Countess Judith's hands in 1086 could suggest that Eynesbury and Great Paxton had been part of 
T
osti's earldom and had come to Earl Waltheof when he acquired the southern portion of it (Morcar being given only Northumbria). On the other hand it is possible that Tosti only ever held the members (Buckworth and Caldecote) and that they were typical gra
nts of a portion of royal manors to support an earl in his office; in which case the grant of Eynesbury and Great Paxton themselves (to Waltheof or to Countess Judith after his death) were quite separate.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab MEADOW, 20 ACRES. Latin }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 acras}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  is accusative here, probably after }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 habet}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  rather than }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 habentes}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, as in the subholding here and elsewhere; see also in 26,1. Compare 1,6 villagers note and In the Phillimore printed translation there is a full-stop after 'ploughs' and a new sentence for the meadow 5,2 meadow note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab ITS VALUATION [IS INCLUDED] IN EYNESBURY. Latin }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 precium}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
 is rendered as 'assessment' in the Phillimore printed translation, but this phrase is a substitute for the normal value clause and emphasizes this estate's dependent status.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 20,6\tab EYNESBURY. This wa
s an Ancient Parish. The manor together with the other holding at Eynesbury (28,1) plus the two places called }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Cotes}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
 (2,1. 20,5) formed a 30-hide unit. Eynesbury and Great Paxton, both formerly held by King Edward, perhaps one originally part of the other, would have dominated Toseland Hundred: \{Introduction: Manorial Organization\}
. The manor descended within the honour of Huntingdon: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 669; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Feudal Aids}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. pp. 469, 473; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
VCH Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 273.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab This 9-hide manor probably included Abbotsley (TL2256) held from the honour of Huntingdon in }{\i\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 672; see }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{
\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 257. The place-name means 'Ealdbeald's clearing' and is not related to an abbot or abbey: }{\i\insrsid14776484 Place-names of Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 
, p. 252. Further members were possibly Hardwicke (TL2056; see 20,5 Caldecote note); Caldecote (20,5) and }{\i\insrsid14776484 Berkiford}{\insrsid14776484  (?part of Little Barford, Bedfordshire, TL1856): }{\i\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{
\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 669; }{\i\insrsid14776484 Feudal Aids}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 473. Part of 'Beachampstead' (lost in Great Staughton: }{\i\insrsid14776484 Place-names of Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 
, p. 268) was held from an early date by the honour of Huntingdon and may have been part of this estate: }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 363; see 6,20 Dillington note.
\par \tab \tab At some stage Picot, th
e sheriff of Cambridgeshire, had held Eynesbury. CAM 32,10 states that he had 1 hide of his 2-hide holding in (East) Hatley 'in exchange for Eynesbury'. It is unclear whether this was Judith's holding or that of Rohais (28,1).}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab KING EDWARD. Caldecote (20,5) was a jurisdiction of Eynesbury, but held by Earl Tosti }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 T.R.E.}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
 He might have been granted Caldecote by virtue of his office, and had in fact held Eynesbury as well under King Edward for the same reason. On the name Edward, see 1,1 Edward note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab LAND FOR 28 PLOUGHS. As a former royal manor, this appears to have been beneficially hidated.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab A SHEEPFOLD WITH 662 SHEEP. The inclusion of this detail is unusual, the only other occurrence of a sheepfold in Domesday being in GLS 60,1 where a sheepfold renders 120 
weys of cheese. Livestock were surveyed during the Domesday Enquiry and included in the circuit volumes, but abbreviated out in the process that produced Great Domesday. The sheep may have stayed in the text because of the unusual mention of a sheepfold, 
which might have been assumed to be a resource in itself like a mill. In Little Domesday Book and the }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Liber Exoniensis }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
(Exon) sheep, but no sheepfolds, are regularly mentioned. Alternatively it may have been mentioned because it, the sheep and 60 acres of meadow have been given (possibly alienated) to St Helen's of Elstow, thus reducing the value of the manor.}{
\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab WHICH. Latin }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 quod}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  is neuter and possibly refers to the sheepfold (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ovile}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
), but the position of the clause suggests that it refers to }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 pratum }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 (also neut
er) and that therefore the meadow is part of the same resource, that is, it is grazed by the sheep. The correction of the punctuation in the Phillimore printed translation, from a comma to a semi-colon after 'meadow' (see the Additions and Corrections: Hu
ntingdonshire at the end of the Phillimore Staffordshire edition), reinforces the view that Countess Judith gave the sheepfold, sheep and meadow to St Helen's. The Alecto edition omits all punctuation after 'meadow', implying that it alone was gifted.}{
\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab ST HELEN'S [* OF ELSTOW *]. A Benedictine nunnery, situated in Bedfordshire, dedicated to the Holy Trinity, St Mary and St Helen and founded }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 c}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
. 1078 by Countess Judith, widow of Earl Waltheof and niece of William I; see }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Knowles and Hadcock, }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Medieval Religious Houses}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , pp.}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
 253, 258; Knowles, Brooke and London, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Heads of Religious Houses}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 211; Keats-Rohan, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Domesday People}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 509.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 178 no. 842.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab GILBERT THE PRIEST HOLDS 2 HIDES. This 2-hide hold
ing became the rectory manor attached to the church of Eynesbury which might once have been a superior church or minster: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , iii. p. 273; Keats-Rohan, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
Domesday People}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 214. The Phillimore printed translation omits 'hides' in error. On the name Gilbert, see B2 Gilbert note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 
HER STEWARD ALAN HAS 2 HIDES. Alan was Countess Judith's tenant here and in 20,9 and in Northamptonshire (NTH 56,47-8). He was lord of Weald in Eynesbury. These unnamed 2 hides were therefore probably in Weald. He wa
s also an early benefactor of St Neot's which was also established in Eynesbury (28,1). His successors were a family called Le Noreis or Noreis: Keats-Rohan, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Domesday People}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, p. 130. Another part of Weald was held by the Bishop of Lincoln: 2,1 Weald note.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab The Domesday form of the name Alan, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Alan}{\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\insrsid14776484 us}{\insrsid14776484 ], represents Old Breton }{\i\insrsid14776484 Alan}{\insrsid14776484 : von Feilitzen, }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 142. The Alecto edition also has Alan.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 20,7\tab OFFORD [D'ARCY]. This was an Ancient Parish. On the two places called Of
ford (Offord D'Arcy and Offord Cluny), see 6,19 Offord note, 18,1 Offord note and 19,25 Offord note. This Offord was held from the honour of Huntingdon by the }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Le Daneys}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  family and was known as Offord }
{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Daneys}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  or by the fanciful Latin equivalent Offord }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Daci}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  (compare Dacorum Hundred in Hertfordshire which was 'Danish' Hundred in 1086). }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Daci}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  has become corrupted to D'Arcy: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Book of Fees}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , pp. 333, 923, 928; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, ii. p. 668; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Feudal Aids}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 469; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 322; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Place-names of Huntingdonshire}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 263.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab NORTHMANN. On this name, see 20,4 Northmann note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab LAND FOR 8 PLOUGHS. The }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 viii}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  was corrected by overwriting from an original }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 iiii}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
 by the main scribe of Great Domesday.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab HUGH [* OF HOTOT *] HOLDS FROM THE COUNTESS. This was interline
d by the main scribe of Great Domesday who seems to have had problems with his source here. The identification as Hugh of Hotot is a deduction from the fact that a man with that byname holds from the countess in 'Roteland' (RUT 2,11); see RUT 2,11 Hugh no
te.
\par \tab \tab On the name Hugh, see 6,1 Hugh note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 20,8\tab [GREAT] PAXTON. This was an Ancient Parish and a major Edwardian manor; see \{Introduction: Manorial Organization\}. It descended within the honour of Huntingdon: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 686; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 328. Buckworth in 'Leightonstone' Hundred (10,1. D23) had formerly been an outlier.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab In 1107 Henry I granted various lands, mills and tithes to 'the monks of La Charit\'e9[-sur-Loire] serving god in the church of St Andrew at Northampton': }{\i\insrsid14776484 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\insrsid14776484 
, ii. no. 833 p. 70. These included 20s annually from Paxton to buy wine for masses. On this grant, see 19,10 Stukeley note.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab WITH 3 OUTLIERS. This was interlined by the main scribe of Great Domesday. He had initially squeezed the }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 iii }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 in between }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 cu' }{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 and }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Bereuuitis}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , but then had second thoughts and added another }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 .iii.}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  after }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Bereuuitis}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 . The result is poor as he failed to delete the abbreviation sign over the }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 cu}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  and make the original }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 iii}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  into an }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 m}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 . Farley read }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 cu'm Bereuitis .iii}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 .
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab Two of these three outliers were certainly Little Paxton (TL1863) and Toseland (TL2462). Thus the moot-site for the hundred lay in the lands of a major royal manor; see \{Introduction: Hundreds\}
. A third outlier was probably at Agden (in Great Staughton, TL1266). In the early twelfth century 9 virgates in Little Paxton and }{\i\insrsid14776484 Accadena}{\insrsid14776484 
 held by Paxton Church were exchanged by King David I of Scotland for a grant of 7 virgates in Great Paxton: Parsons, 'Charter of David I', pp. 370-71. Agden is remote from Paxton,
 but probably provided the manor with pasturage or pannage even if derivation from }{\i\insrsid14776484 ac }{\insrsid14776484 ('oak') can be ruled out (in view of the form cited above) in favour of Acca's 'dene': }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Place-names of Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 268. Agden certainly named a (royal) forest: 60 acres in }{\i\insrsid14776484 Akeden}{\insrsid14776484 
' 'on the side of Kimbolton' were granted in 1102 to Earl Simon of Senlis 'to assart and to house his man Geoffrey': }{\i\insrsid14776484 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 20 no. 578.
\par \tab \tab Abbotsley has also been suggested for this third outlier, but it was p
robably a part of Eynesbury in 1086 (20,6 Eynesbury note). A further possibility is Boughton, held by Eustace the sheriff in 1086 but which descended with the honour of Huntingdon (19,31 Boughton note). However, Boughton's 1 hide formed a 10-hide unit wit
h Dillington (6,20), West Perry (19,30) and one part of Southoe (25,2), and it is associated with Dillington in later times: }{\i\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. pp. 685-86; }{\i\insrsid14776484 Feudal Aids}{\insrsid14776484 
, ii. p. 472; Hart, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Hidation of Northamptonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 66. Buckworth (10,1. D23) had been an outlier of Paxton }{\i\insrsid14776484 T.R.E.}{\insrsid14776484 
 but was independent of it in 1086 and is thus unlikely to be the third outlier. On all of this, see }{\i\insrsid14776484 Book of Fees}{\insrsid14776484 , pp. 924, 928; }{\i\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. pp. 671-72, 686; }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Feudal Aids}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. pp. 469, 472-73; }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , i. p. 352 note, ii. pp. 328, 364-65, 372, 374.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab KING EDWARD HAD. It is possible that the holder until 1065 was in fact Earl Tosti, if he was the Tosti who had held Buckworth (10,1) which was then an outlier of Great Paxton. Tosti was Earl of Northumbria, bu
t had also held at least the Huntingdonshire part of the earldom that became Waltheof's: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, i. p. 335. Earl Tosti was also Judith's predecessor at Caldecote (20,5); see 20,5 Tosti note. On the name Edward, see 1,1 Edward note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 60 VILLAGERS \'85
 PRIEST. This was omitted in error in the Phillimore printed translation; see the Additions and Corrections: Huntingdonshire at the end of the Phillimore Staffordshire edition, where a semi-colon was given after 'priest', corrected here.}{
\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab OTHER WOODLAN
D. It was perhaps at one of the outliers, possibly Agden because of its woodland connections (see 20,8 outliers note). It is possible, however, that the scribe wanted to distinguish pure woodland from the pasturable woodland previously mentioned; see 1,1 
woodland note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 1 HIDE BELONGS TO THE CHURCH. This formed the later rectory manor (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, ii. p. 328) and as at Eynesbury (20,6) may be a sign that this had been a minster church. This is given support by the provisions of the charter of David
 I cited in 20,8 outliers note: the prior and canons are expected to continue to serve in the church, which thus appears to be the successor to an Anglo-Saxon minster; see Ralegh-Radford, 'Great Paxton Church'.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 20,9\tab DIDDINGTON. This was an Ancient Parish. The two holdings at Diddington (2,3. 20,9) together with Eustace's at Southoe (19,29) formed a 10-hide unit.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab The estate descended with the honour of Huntingdon: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. pp. 685-86; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Feudal Aids}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. 
p. 472; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 269.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab EARL WALTHEOF. See 2,8 Waltheof note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab ALAN [* THE STEWARD *]. See 20,6 steward note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \s2\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\keepn\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\outlinelevel1\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 21\tab 
LAND OF GILBERT OF GHENT. On the name Gilbert, see B2 Gilbert note. He came from Ghent in Flanders and was son of Ralph, lord
 of Alost, near Ghent and Gisla. Gilbert married Alice, daughter of Hugh de Montfort, and had several children including Walter, his heir, Emma, who married Alan de Percy, and another daughter who married Ivo of Grandmesnil. Gilbert founded the monastery 
of Bardney (Lincolnshire) as a cell of Sainte-Foi of Conques. His estates descended through his heirs and formed the barony of Folkingham (Lincolnshire). See Sanders }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 English Baronies}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, p. 46; Keats-Rohan, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Domesday People}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 210.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab This fief consists of a si
ngle estate, in Toseland Hundred.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 21,1\tab FENSTANTON. This was an Ancient Parish. Boxworth (CAM 23,4) and a Cambridgeshire portion of Papworth (CAM 23,1), likewise held by Ulf ^[Fenman]^ in 1066 and by Gilbert of Ghent in 1086, were connected with Fenstanton.
 Boxworth was a jurisdiction of it and Papworth was said to 'lie in' it. The creation of shires had probably cut through pre-existing tenures.
\par \tab \tab 15 hides at }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Stantun}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  and }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Hiltun}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  had been granted in 1012 by King Ethelred II to Godwine, Bishop of Rochester, bu
t were subsequently alienated. Two hides also appear to have been removed, or the tax-burden reassessed for the Great Domesday hidage is 13: Sawyer}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , no. 926 (= }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 33 no. 30).
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab Fenstanton and Hilton (TL2966) descended to Gilbert of Ghent's grandson (also Gilbert), but subsequently escheated to the Crown and were granted out again: }{\i\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\insrsid14776484 
, i. p. 198, ii. p. 676; }{\i\insrsid14776484 Feudal Aids}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. pp. 468, 472; }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. pp. 281, 315.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 
ULF ^[FENMAN]^. The byname is supplied from B2; see B2 Fenman note on both this and his first name. Ulf Fenman was Gilbert of Ghent's predecessor also in DBY 13,1, LIN 24,1. CW 17. CK 41 and CAM 23,1-6 (his byname provided by the corresponding entries in 
the }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
). He is probably the same man as the plain Ulf who preceded Gilbert of Ghent in BUK 22,2, in RUT 5,15, in some of his Nottinghamshire holdings (NTT 17) and in most of his holdings in Lincolnshire (LIN 24), and as 'Ul
f, a thane of King Edward' in BDF 27,1 and BUK 22,1.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 22\tab LAND OF AUBREY DE VERE. He was probably a Breton from Vair, in the commune (and arrondissement) of Ancenis, near Nantes in the French d\'e9partement of Loire-Atlantique, not, as previously thought from Ver, in the French d
\'e9partement of Manche (arrondissement Coutances, canton Gavray). In Domesday he was both a tenant-in-chief (CAM 29. ESS 35. MDX 21. SFK 35) and a subtenant of Count Alan (Rufus) of Brittany (ESS 21,3;8). Aubrey died }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 c}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 .1112 and was buried 
at Colne Priory which he and his wife Beatrice founded as a cell of Abingdon Abbey for the soul of their son Geoffrey. He was ancestor of the Earls of Oxford. His wife holds in her own right in Domesday Essex. On the name Aubrey, see 6,18 Aubrey note.

\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab The two entries in this fief are in a single hundred, Toseland Hundred.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 22,1\tab YELLING. This was an Ancient Parish. The land had originally been one of two 5-hide manors granted to Ramsey Abbey (6,15 Yelling note) but had been seized by Aubrey de Vere (see 22,
2). It had been granted to Ramsey Abbey between 1040 and 1042 by King Harthacnut at the request of his mother Aelfgifu (Emma) and for the soul of his father King Cnut: the Ramsey Chronicle (Macray, p. 152); the }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Liber Eliensis }
{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 (Blake, p. 419); }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 235 no. 322. There is a record (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 c}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
. 1044) of a grant for life of this land (and of 5 hides 'in the eastern land of Hemingford'; see 22,2) by Abbot Aelfwine to Wulfwine, son of another Aelfwine: the Ramsey Chronicle (Macray, pp. 152-53); }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
Early Charters of Eastern England}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 36 no. 41.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab This Yelling became known as 'Greys Manor' and like Hemingford Grey (22,2) was held from the Earls of Oxford, successors to Aubrey: the Red Book of the Exchequer (Hall, p. 528); }{\i\insrsid14776484 Feudal Aids}{
\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 469; }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 379.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab AELFRIC <OF YELLING>. He was also Aubrey's predecessor at Hemingford [Grey] (22,7); see D7 Aelfric note. On the name Aelfric, see B10 Aelfric note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 22,2\tab HEMINGFORD [GREY]. This was an Ancient Parish. It was a part of He
mingford Grey ('the eastern land of Hemingford') which like Yelling (22,1) had been granted to Ramsey Abbey by King Harthacnut and confirmed by King Edward, but seized by Aubrey de Vere, being held later, like Yelling, from his successors, the Earls of Ox
ford: Sawyer}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , no. 997, 1106 (= }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 34 no. 34, p. 35 no. 38); Harmer, }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Anglo-Saxon Writs,}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  p. 257 nos. 57-58. See 6,16 Hemingford note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab AELFRIC <OF YELLING>. He was also Aubrey's predecessor at Yelling (22,1); see D7 Aelfric note. On the name Aelfric, see B10 Aelfric note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab ABBOT OF RAMSEY. The dispute and the circumstances of the dispossession are given in D7. Ramsey did not renounce its claim, though the land was effectively alienated. In }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 679 (1279), Reginald }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 de Grey}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  is said to hold from the Earl of Oxford and he from the Abbot of Ramsey. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 178 no. 843.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab RALPH SON OF OSMUND. He was tenant-in-chief of 1 waste hide at Hemingford Abbots (27,1) and held another hide there under the abbot (6,17), subject to dispute. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 178 no. 843. On the names Ralph and Osmund, see 6,17 Ralph note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 23\tab LAND OF WILLIAM SON OF ANSCULF. He was also known as William of Picquigny from the French place (d\'e9
partement Somme, arrondissement Amiens). Ansculf, his father, was sheriff of Surrey under King William, but had died before 1086. William's Domesday fief became the barony of Dudley (Worcestershire) where he had alre
ady established a castle (WOR 23,10). His heir was Beatrice, his daughter, who married Fulk Paynel. The barony had devolved to the de Somery family by the late twelfth century.
\par \tab \tab On the name William, see B10 William note.
\par \tab \tab This fief consists of a single estate, in Toseland Hundred,}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 23,1\tab MARGINAL }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 M}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 . The main scribe of Great Domesday should probably have written }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 .II.M }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
beside this manor as it had been held }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 T.R.E.}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  by two people, Magni and Leofa, as he had included }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 .II.M }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 beside Chesterton (19,8) and Hail Weston
 (25,1), each of which had been held by two people }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 T.R.E.}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 .}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 However, he also failed to write }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 .II.M}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  beside Woolley (29,5), which had been held by Golde [Gode] and her son.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab MAGNI <OF WARESLEY>. The Domesday forms }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Magne}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Magna}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  and }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Magno}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
 represent Old Danish/Old Norse }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Magni}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, p. 323. This is the only occurrence of this name in Domesday Huntingdonshire.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab Magni is a rare name, occurring on only one other holding in Domesday Book. There is nothing to con
nect this Magni with the tiny and remote Suffolk holding in Benhall (SUF 3,101) or with that in SUR 29,2, with neither of which this holding has discernible tenurial corrections (JP).}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab LEOFA <OF WARESLEY>. The Domesday forms }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Leue}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  and }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Liofus}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  represent Old English }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Leofa}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, p. 310. The Alecto edition has Leofa for the 1066 holder here and the man in Somerset (who retained his land after the Conquest), but Leof for the Hampshire 1086 tenant. Von Feilitzen (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ibidem}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
) pointed out that, although Old English }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Leof }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 would be a possible base for the form }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Liofus }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
it is not evidenced with certainty; he also remarked that the Huntingdonshire form }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Leue}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  might alternatively go back to the feminine Old English }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Leofe}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 . This is the only occurrence of this name in Domesday Huntingdonshire.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab Leofa
 is a rare name, occurring on only three holdings in Domesday Book, probably representing three individuals. There is nothing to connect this Leofa with the small, remote properties in Hampshire (HAM IoW8,9) and Somerset (SOM 16,8) (JP).}{
\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab WARESLEY. This was an Ancient Parish. On the erratic place-name form (Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Wedresleie}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
), see 16,1 Waresley note. The three holdings here (see also 16,1 and 19,26) made a 10-hide unit. The \'bd hide 'held' by Eustace the sheriff (19,26) was probably reunited with these 2 \'bd 
hides and the overlordship of the whole manor was held by the Paganells and de Somerys until 1322. The subtenancy passed to the Engaynes and the manor was held by that family as 'Gaynes' or 'Engaynes' manor: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Feudal Aids}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 469; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 377.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 2 \'bd HIDES. The }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 7 dim'}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  was interlined by the main scribe of Great Domesday, the tail of the }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 7}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
 descending downwards to form an insertion mark.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab RANULF BROTHER OF ILGER. See HUN 24 Ranulf note, and, }{\lang1036\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp1036\insrsid14776484 on the names Ranulf and Ilger, see 1,1 Ranulf note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 24\tab 
LAND OF RANULF BROTHER OF ILGER. Ranulf was a Domesday tenant-in-chief as well as an undertenant. His place of origin is unknown and the fact that he is identified as 'brother of Ilger' suggests that Ilger himself was an important man. He may have be
en the Ilger who was tutor to the Conqueror's eldest son Robert Curthose. Ranulf had charge of much of the royal land in Huntingdonshire and was sheriff of that county some time between 1092 and 1100, presumably as successor to Eustace. His wife was a nie
ce of Ralph Taillebois, a pre-Domesday sheriff of Bedfordshire. Ranulf's fief escheated to the Crown }{\i\insrsid14776484 c}{\insrsid14776484 .1100 on his death and was mostly granted to Roger son of Richard of Clare (= Richard of Tonbridge). }{
\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid14776484 On the names Ranulf and Ilger, see 1,1 Ranulf note.}{\insrsid14776484 
\par \tab \tab This fief consists of a single estate, in Toseland Hundred.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 24,1\tab EVERTON. This was an Ancient Parish. It was divided in 1086 between Huntingdonshire and Bedfordshire where 7 hides were held by the same Ranulf brother of Ilger under Countess Judith (BDF 53,
30). Everton contained Tetworth which was also divided: Everton was an island of Huntingdonshire at the junction of Bedfordshire, Huntingdonshire and Cambridgeshire, whereas Tetworth straddled the main Huntingdonshire border. The whole was placed in Bedfo
rdshire in 1844.
\par \tab \tab The portions of Everton in both counties went to the Earls Marshall, Earls of Pembroke: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Feudal Aids}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 469; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, ii. p. 370.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab INGVAR <OF BURSTEAD>. The Domesday forms - }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Inguar}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ], }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Ineuuar}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Inguuar}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ], }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Inguare}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Inguuara}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Ingeuuar}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Ingar}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ], }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Ingara}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Inuuari }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 (genitive), }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Ineuuar}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ] - represent Old Danish }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Ingvar}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , pp. 298-99. This is the only occurrence of this name in Domesday Huntingdonshire.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab The royal than
e Ingvar was the predecessor of Ranulf son of Ilger in Cambridgeshire, Essex, and Huntingdonshire, and of Count Eustace of Boulogne in Cambridgeshire and Essex. The Ingvar who held the large manor of Burstead in Essex which devolved upon the Bishop of Bay
e
ux is probably the same man since it is only a few miles from the substantial manor which Ranulf acquired from Ingvar at Mountnessing and it is improbable that two Anglo-Saxon magnates with the same rare name would be such close neighbours. The only other
 holding of an Ingvar outside Devon, at South Elmham in Suffolk (SUF 19,16), is also likely to have belonged to the same individual since he was a lord of men and no other Ingvar will fit that description. See ESS 18,2 Ingvar note; and see also Clarke, }{
\i\insrsid14776484 English Nobility}{\insrsid14776484 , pp. 315-16 (JP).}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 25\tab LAND OF ROBERT [SON OF] FAFITON. He appears sometimes as Robert Fafiton in Domesday, sometimes, correctly, as Robert son of Fafiton. He was both a Domesday tenant-in-chief and an undertenant. His 
successors were his son Eustace and grandson Aubin. On the name Robert, see 16,1 Robert note. His father's name (Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Fafiton}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ) represents the hypothetical Old French }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
Fafiton}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ; see Tengvik, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Old English Bynames}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 182.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab The two entries in this fief are in a single hundred: Toseland Hundred.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 25,1\tab [HAIL] WESTON. This was a chapelry of Southoe (25,2). The three holdings here (see also 19,27-28) amounted to 4 hides, forming a 10-hide unit with Great Staughton (2,2). The land here passed via Robert's grandson
 Aubyn to the Mortimer honour of Wigmore: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 302.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab A Declaration (D10) rejects the suggestion (not mentioned here) that Hail Weston had been a member of Kimbolton. It lies to the east of Kimbolton but west of Great Paxton, Eynesbury and St Neots.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab SAXI. On this name, see 14,1 Saxi note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab AND WULFWIN ^["CHIT"]^. The main scribe of Great Domesday interlined }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 7 Vluuin'}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 . He omitted one (or more) of the }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 T.R.E.}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  tenants on several estates in Great Domesday, often leading to a correction to
 the hidage or carucage, the plough estimate and other details. The error may have been caused by the combining of two or more estates into a single 1086 holding; note the }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ii}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  above the }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 M}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  (signifying that it had been two manors) in the margin here.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab This m
an is identified as Wulfwin "Chit" from D10, which stresses that his holding in Hail Weston was a manor in its own right. He was not 'Wulfwin of Weston' as in the Persons Index of the Phillimore printed edition; see D10 Weston note, and, on his byname, se
e D10 "Chit" note.
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab The Domesday forms of the name Wulfwin - }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Wluuin}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ), }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Vluuin}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ), }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Vluin}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 )}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , Oluuin}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ], }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Vlfuuin}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ], }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Wluuine}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Wluin}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ] etc. - represent Old English }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Wulfwine}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 : von Feilitzen, }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , pp. 427-28. JRM preferred the second element -win for the Old English }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 -wine}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
. The printed Phillimore edition has the forms Wulfwin and, in Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, Wulfwine; these have now been standardized as Wulfwin. The Alecto edition has Wulfwine.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab LAND FOR 6 PLOUGHS. The number }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 .vi.}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  was corrected by the main scribe, probably from }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 .iii.}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, by overwriting. It is likely that this was linked to the added }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 T.R.E.}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  tenant (see 25,1 Wulfwin note).}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab VILLAGERS\'85 ACRES. Both are in the accusative case in the Latin after }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 habet}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 . For a list of other occurrences of this, see 5,2 meadow note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 

\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 25,2\tab MARGINAL }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 M}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
. This was omitted in error in the Phillimore printed translation; see the Additions and Corrections: Huntingdonshire at the end of the Phillimore Staffordshire edition.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab SOUTHOE. Th
is was an Ancient Parish. This particular holding became known as the manor of 'Southoe Ferrers' or 'Southoe Winchester'. The overlordship was held in the thirteenth century by the honour of Mortimer, the subtenant in 1231 being Roger de Quincy, Earl of W
inchester. Later in that century, the Quincy lands were divided and part of Southoe went to Margaret }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 de Ferrers}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , Countess of Derby: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 666; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Feudal Aids}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. pp. 469, 472; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 349.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab SAXI. On this name, see 14,1 Saxi note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab ROBERT [HAS]. The fact that the Latin }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 acras }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 of the pasturable woodland and of the underwood are accusative implies that the scribe omitted }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
habet }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 after }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Robertus}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  (see 25,1 acres note); the Latin case of the intervening villagers and of the acres of meadow must also be accusative, therefore.}{
\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 26\tab LAND OF WILLIAM THE ARTIFICER. A Norman who is only named as the Domesday holder of this one estate in Huntingdonshire. He
 is, however, probably the plain William who held Pytchley and Laxton in Northamptonshire (NTH 60,1-2). He was brother of Richard the artificer who was apparently a royal forester in 1086 (see D24), and who held in chief in Buckinghamshire (BUK 42), and a
s one of the 'king's officers' in Oxfordshire (OXF 58,1), and (as plain Richard) in Northamptonshire (NTH 59) where his predecessor was Alwin the hunter; see }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Northamptonshire}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , i. p. 294}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 . The Latin byname }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ingania}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  is from Classical Latin }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ingenium}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  (itself from }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 in}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  and }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 genius}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , related to the root of the verb }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 gigno}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , 'to beget') meaning 'innate quality', \lquote 
intelligence', or some concrete application of skill or intelligence; see OXF 58,1 Richard note. The English words engine, engineer and gin-trap are all related to it. Here it can carry the meaning of 'engineer', }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
a designer or maker of engines, commonly of war,}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  and of an 'ingenious', 'crafty', or 'tricky' person. The name, if not already a surname in 1086, becomes so as the family of Ingaine or Engaine or Engayne. William\rquote 
s fief became known as that of Engaine of Pytchley (from NTH 60,1) in contrast to Engaine of Abington (from NTH 59,3) descending from his brother Richard. Nonetheless, William's fief seems to have passed to his brother Richard after 1086 then t
o Richard's son Viel (Vitalis), who was father of Richard II Engaine and of Fulk of Lisores. The former inherited the Pytchley fee and the latter the Abington fee; see Keats-Rohan, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Domesday People}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, pp. 366-67, 492.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab On the name William, see B10 William note.
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab This fief consists of a single estate, in 'Leightonstone' Hundred.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 26,1\tab 
GIDDING. Both Great Gidding and Little Gidding were Ancient Parishes. Three holdings in Gidding (6,25. 19,15 and 26,1) with the 4 hides of Coppingford (11,2) would have made a 20-hide unit. The Ramsey holding (6,25) became Steeple Gidding. Within Great Gi
dding, Eustace's holding (19,15) became Gidding }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Prioris }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
(from the grant to St Mary's church (19,9) after it became Huntingdon Priory). The present holding was also at the other [Great] Gidding until a portion was granted out by Vitalis (Viel) Engaine to his
 younger son Warner to form Little Gidding (and to be held directly from the king). In the }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Nomina Villarum }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 of 1316 (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Feudal Aids}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, ii. pp. 471-72), William }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 de Engaigne}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  holds in }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Giddinge Parva}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  which is coupled with }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Giddinge Abbatis}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  (6,25) while Johannes }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Engaigne}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  holds in }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Magna Geddinge}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  with the prior of Huntingdon (19,15). See also }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Book of Fees}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , pp. 925, 930; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , i. p. 197, ii. p. 627; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Feudal Aids}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, ii. pp. 470, 475; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , iii. pp. 48-49, 53.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab BRICTEVA <OF GIDDING>. The Domesday forms of this name - }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Bricteua}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Britheue}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Bristiue}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Briteua}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Bricteua}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 m}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ] (accusative), and, for the 1086 holders, }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Bristeua}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  - represent the feminine Old English }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Beorhtgifu}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 194. JRM preferred the first element Brict- for Old English }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Beorht-}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  and the second element -eva}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 for Old English}{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  -gifu}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , as they reflected the Domesday forms. However, the Phillimore printed edition of Lincolnshire has Beorhtgifu; this has now been standardized as Bricteva. The A
lecto edition has Beorhtgifu. This is the only occurrence of this name in Domesday Huntingdonshire.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab The name Bricteva occurs on nine holdings in Domesday Book, mostly modest in scale and distant from their namesakes; they may represent seven or eight ind
ividuals. Only in Oxfordshire is it probable that two holdings belonged to the same individual (OXF 6,1b;17). The closest namesake to the Huntingdonshire Bricteva was almost 40 miles away at Corby [Glen] (LIN 68,18), with a modest holding which she contin
ued to hold in 1086; a connection is possible but perhaps unlikely (JP).}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab "CRESSUUELLE" HUNDRED. Another part of Gidding (1,6) was an outlier of Alconbury and a further part (19,15) was a jurisdiction of it. It is just possible that \'93Cressuuelle\'94 Hundred wa
s the name of one of the two hundreds forming the double Hundred of 'Leightonstone' and based on Alconbury (1,6). See \{Introduction: Hundreds\}.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab MEADOW, 22 ACRES. Latin }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 acras}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  is accusative, probably after the }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 habet}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , rather than the }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
habentes}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ; see 20,5 meadow note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 27\tab LAND OF RALPH SON OF OSMUND. His father was perhaps Osmund of Vaubadon fromVaubadon in the French d\'e9
partement of Calvados (arrondissement Bayeux, canton Balleroy). Ralph held in chief in Huntingdonshire and was also a tenant of Aubrey de Vere at Hemingford Grey (22,2) and holder of Ramsey Abbey land at Hemingford Abbots (6,17). Ralph\rquote 
s heir was Payne of Hemingford (named from those estates). This same Payne was holding three fees of Aubrey III de Vere in 1166; see Keats-Rohan, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Domesday People}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, p. 340. On the names Ralph and Osmund, see 6,17 Ralph note.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab This fief consists of a single estate, in Toseland Hundred.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 27,1\tab 
HEMINGFORD [ABBOTS]. This was an Ancient Parish. The present 1 hide, significantly not called a manor, was disputed (D8) along with another hide, nominally held under the Abbot of Ramsey by the same Ralph (6,17; see 6,17 Ralph note). D8 clearly says that 
}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 T.R.E.}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  this hide belonged to the lordship of Ramsey Abbey and that Ralph held it against the abbot's will; presumabl
y Alwin Blaec was a tenant of the abbey. Although this land had belonged to the abbey, it went to Ralph's descendants: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. pp. 304-306.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab ALWIN BLAEC. On the name-form Alwin, see 2,9 Alwin note. The Domesday forms of his byname, which is also a first name - }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Blac}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Blach}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Blacus}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  - represent hypothetical Old English }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Bl\'e6c }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ('black', 'dark'): von Feilitzen, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 203. The Phillimore printed edition has the forms Blaec and Black; these have now been standardized as Blaec. The Alecto edition has Bl\'e6
c as the first name and Black as the byname. This is the only occurrence of this name in Domesday, though an Alwin in DEV 16,27 is given the byname }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 niger }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ('black') in the corresponding entry in the }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Liber Exoniensis}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ; it is very unlikely that he is the same man.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 28\tab 
ROHAIS WIFE OF RICHARD SON OF COUNT GILBERT. She was the daughter of Walter I Giffard and wife of Richard of Clare, son of Count Gilbert of Brionne. Her husband was also known in Domesday as Richard of
 Tonbridge and Richard son of Gilbert. Their daughter Avice married Ralph of Foug\'e8res; see Keats-Rohan, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Domesday People}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, pp. 332-33, 413. Here and in HRT 42a, Rohais holds in her own right. On the names Richard and Gilbert, see 6,1 Richard note and B2 Gilbert note respectively.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab The Domesday forms of this name - }{\i\insrsid14776484 Rohais}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Rothais}{\insrsid14776484  - represent Old German }{\i\insrsid14776484 Hrodohaidis}{\insrsid14776484 , }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Rothaid}{\insrsid14776484 ,}{\i\insrsid14776484  Ruodheid}{\insrsid14776484  etc: Forssner, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Continental-Germanic Personal Names in England}{\insrsid14776484 
, p. 220. However, the Domesday forms suggest a French influence, 
and this is supported by all but one of the occurrences of this name in Domesday being of the daughter of the Frenchman Walter Giffard. The Phillimore printed edition has the forms Rohais and Rothais; these have now been standardized as Rohais. The Alecto
 edition has Rohais.
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab In the Alecto facsimile Latin }{\i\insrsid14776484 
fl'}{\insrsid14776484  (}{\i\insrsid14776484 filii}{\insrsid14776484  genitive case) could be misread as }{\i\insrsid14776484 .E}{\insrsid14776484 . On the lack of space for the chapter heads, see \{Introduction: The Domesday Format\}.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab 
This fief consists of a single estate, in Toseland Hundred.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 28,1\tab EY
NESBURY. This was an Ancient Parish from which the present holding was split off to form the Ancient Parish of St Neots. The 1086 estate held by Rohais appears to have been part of what was once a major royal manor (20,6 Eynesbury note). The church of St 
Neot was holding part of the present estate in 1086 (it is not certain how much; see 28,1 St Neot's note), but the whole was subsequently given (in 1113) by Rohais to 'St Mary of Bec and St Neot of }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Eynulfisbury}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ': }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 107 no. 1015a. A fair was granted there (1107 x 1122) and a market (1100 x 1135): }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 181 no. 1371, p. 300 no. 1966. Subsequently this portion of the vill of Eynesbury became known as St Neots. It lies at TL1860, divided by the Hen Brook from the rump of Eynesbury (TL1859).

\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab The land will have included Monks (or Hungry) Hardwick [TL2161]. On the possible exchange of this holding for land in Cambridgeshire, see 20,6 Eynesbury note.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab ROBERT SON OF WIUHOMARCH. See 16,1 Robert note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 15 HIDES \'85 27 PLOUGHS. The manor appears fiscally underrated, like the other part of the vill (20,6).}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab ST NEOT'S. St Neot was possibly related to King Alfred and was a monk of Glastonbury, and later a hermit on Bodmin Moor, Cornwall. He died }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 c}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 . 877 a
nd it is not certain how, when or why a Huntingdonshire house acquired his bones; there was a church dedicated to him in Cornwall (CON 4,28).
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab There may have been a monastery here destroyed by the Danish raids of the late ninth century. A Benedictine house was founded }{\i\insrsid14776484 c}{\insrsid14776484 
. 974 by Earl Aelfric and Aethelfleda his wife or by Leofric and his wife, assisted by Aethelweald, Bishop of Winchester, as a dependency of Ely, the first monks coming from there and from Thorney. It appears that this house was again destro
yed by the Danes in 1010, and the relics of St Neot may have been entrusted to the Abbey of Crowland for safekeeping by Leofgifu, lady of Eynesbury and sister of Abbot Oscytel of Crowland. It was re-founded by Richard (of Clare) son of Count Gilbert }{
\i\insrsid14776484 c}{\insrsid14776484 . 1081-1082, or by his wife Rohais, as a dependency of the Norman Abbey of Bec-Hellouin. See }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , i. pp. 385-88; Doble, 'St. Neot'; Knowles and Hadcock, }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Medieval Religious Houses}{\insrsid14776484 , pp. 56, 75; Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Domesday People}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 533.
\par \tab \tab The endowment at its foundation (}{\i\insrsid14776484 c}{\insrsid14776484 
. 974) had been 18 hides: 2 at Eynesbury, 6 at Waresley and 9 at Gamlingay (Cambridgeshire). These 6 hides at Waresley had been lost and are possibly to be looked for in 1086 among the 7 hides of Swein of Essex (16,1), which had been held }{
\i\insrsid14776484 T.R.E.}{\insrsid14776484  by Robert son of Wiuhomarch, who had also held this part of Eynesbury. However, Richard son of Gilbert is named as the despoiler in the}{\i\insrsid14776484  Liber Eliensis}{\insrsid14776484 
 (Blake, pp. 188, 420): see also }{\i\insrsid14776484 Taxatio Ecclesiastica}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 51; }{\i\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 27 no. 19; }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 
, i. pp. 385-88, ii. p. 339.
\par \tab \tab The monks clearly held part of Eynesbury in 1086. They had 3 ploughs and their supplies were assessed at \'a34. Whether they had more depends on the interpretation of }{\i\insrsid14776484 in ipsa villa}{\insrsid14776484 ; see 28,1 village note.}
{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab IN THE VILLAGE ITSELF. This interlineation by the main scribe of Great Domesday may have been done while he was first writing the county, rather than as a result of a further check. Having written the entry, he
 probably realized that it was necessary to indicate that the population and resources were in Eynesbury itself and not at St Neots, if a separate settlement called St Neots then existed. More probably the insertion is meant, rather clumsily, to indicate 
that the church of St Neots did not hold the 19 villagers and other resources, but that they are 'in the village itself', that is they belong to Rohais, the holder of the manor. It would have been clearer if the scribe had removed the }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 7}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  linking the 3 lordship ploughs and the 19 villagers.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab FISHERY. Latin }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 piscariam}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  (accusative) is probably an error for the nominative }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 piscaria}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
. Although it could be the object of either }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 habet}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  (despite its being two lines earlier in the text) or of }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 habentes}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  (compare 20,5 meadow 
note) it is unlikely as the }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 punctus}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  after }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 car'}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  and the subsequent }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Ibi }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
generally indicate the start of a new sentence.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab WILLIAM THE BRETON. The tenant of Rohais here is identified by the }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Inquisitio Eliensis}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  (Hamilton, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Inquisitio Eliensis}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 111)}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 as the same as the William who held from Rohais' husband Richard of Clare in Cambridgeshire (CAM 19,1); see Keats-Rohan, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Domesday People}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 468. On the name William, see B10 William note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab \'bd PLOUGH IN LORDSHIP. The other half does not appear.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 29\tab LAND OF THE KING'S THANES. As in other counties, this chapter gathers together lands held by surviving Englishmen, some of which became serjeanties in later times; see Williams, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
English and the Norman Conquest}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , chapter 5, especially pp. 111-15.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab The estat
es in this chapter are not entered by holder as the 'Land of the King's Thanes' sometimes is in other counties. The order appears to be hundredal, and in the same sequence as found in chapters 5, 19-20, but with a final estate out of sequence; see \{
Introduction: Standard Order of Hundreds\}:
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 29,1 [Normancross Hundred]
\par \tab 29,2-5 'Leightonstone' Hundred
\par \tab 29,6 [Normancross Hundred].}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 29,1\tab [NORMANCROSS HUNDRED]. The heading is supplied from later evidence. 'Washingley' occurs in a group of places in Normancross Hundred at 19,3 (heading at 19,1).}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 'WASHINGLEY'. This was an Ancient Parish. For the location, see 19,3 Washingley note. The present part was probably that later held by serjeanty: the Red Book of the Exchequer (Hall, p. 531); }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
Book of Fees}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , pp. 1173, 1217; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. pp. 634-35; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, i. p. 336, ii. p. 229. It contributed half of itself to the manor of 'Ogerston' held by the Knights Templar (19,3 Washingley note).}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab KETILBERT <OF FOLKSWORTH>. He had also probably held the adjacent Folksworth (12,1). On the name Ketilbert, see 12,1 Ketilbert note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab THE SAME MAN HOLDS FROM THE KING. }{\lang1036\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp1036\insrsid14776484 Farley omitted }{\i\lang1036\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp1036\insrsid14776484 de}{\lang1036\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp1036\insrsid14776484 
 (JRM).}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 29,2\tab 'LEIGHTONSTONE' HUNDRED. See 13,1 hundred note and \{Introduction: Hundreds\}.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab KEYSOE ... LIES IN BEDFORDSHIRE. Keysoe was an
 Ancient Parish lying in Bedfordshire. Another portion (13,2) was a jurisdiction of Kimbolton. Two other parts are listed in Domesday Bedfordshire, held by Hugh of Beauchamp (BDF 23,1) and Osbern son of Richard (BDF 44,3).
\par \tab \tab Alwin, the 1066 and 1086 holder
 of this virgate which is not described as a manor, had probably also held Pertenhall (2,9) which was related to Huntingdonshire and Bedfordshire in the same way. If so, he was Alwin Devil and in 1066 he had presumably also held West Perry (19,30).
\par \tab \tab The B
edfordshire Keysoe, which was held by Hugh of Beauchamp (BDF 23,1), was assessed at 5 hides less 1 virgate; the missing virgate may be this present holding. It seems likely that this virgate at Keysoe was merged with the Bedfordshire Keysoe or, as suggest
ed by }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Bedfordshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, iii. p. 137, with the portion of Pertenhall which was later held by the Peyvre family or with the portion that descended with the manor of Kimbolton; see 2,9 Pertenhall note and 13,2 Keysoe note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab ALWIN [* DEVIL *]. On this identification, see 29,2 Keysoe note. On the name-form Alwin, see 2,9 Alwin note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab LAND FOR 2 OXEN. The portion of Keysoe that was attached to Kimbolton (13,2) had land for 6 oxen, together making one ploughland with these 2 oxen.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 29,3\tab CATWORTH. Great Catworth was 
an Ancient Parish. For other parts of Catworth and its relationship to Northamptonshire, see 13,4. 19,12;32. This part of Catworth had probably been drawn off from Kimbolton (13,1). It seems to have no separate later history, being re-combined with anothe
r part or other parts of Catworth: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , iii. p. 29.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab AEFIC <OF CATWORTH>. See 19,12 Aefic note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab ERIK <OF }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 TEALBY>}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 . The Domesday forms of this name - }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Erich}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Eiric}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Aeiric}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Eric}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Eriz}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Arich}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  - represent Old Danish }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Erik}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , Old Norse }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Eirikr}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, p. 246. They are rendered Eric and Eirikr in the Phillimore printed edition; these have now been standardized as Erik. The Alecto edition has Erik, except for the present entry where it has Eric and for LIN 28,20 where it has Eadric, probably in error.}
{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab The name Erik occurs on ten holdings in Domesday Book. There are sufficient links between them to suggest that they refer to a single individual, despite being spread between three counties and 
devolving upon several tenants-in-chief. In Lincolnshire, Laceby and its dependencies (LIN 4,69-71), held }{\i\insrsid14776484 T.R.E.}{\insrsid14776484 
 by Swein, Erik and Tosti, is connected to another group held by Erik centred on Tealby (LIN 28,20-24) by the intermediate tenure of one Rainer 
the deacon (CN13;18), the Tealby group in turn being connected to another holding of Erik (LIN 14,7) by soke in Willingham. Keelby (LIN 47,3), the final holding in Lincolnshire held by Erik, is just a few miles away from the main group of his properties. 
T
histleton [RUT 2,8], by contrast, is some distance from the Lincolnshire holdings; and Catworth and Sawtry in Huntingdonshire (HUN 29,3. 19,1. D27) even more so. But Sawtry provides a possible link between the three counties. The claims for Huntingdonshir
e state that the Tosti who had held Sawtry was the brother of Erik, a claim confirmed by the Ramsey Chronicle (}{\i\insrsid14776484 Early Charters of Eastern England}{\insrsid14776484 
, p. 235 no. 323). As already noted, the main group of Erik's holdings in Lincolnshire were entered under the nam
es of Erik, Tosti and Swein. It seems probable that this Erik and Tosti were the same men as the Huntingdonshire brothers. Their extensive properties (and this Tosti may have been the Tosti holding several other Lincolnshire holdings) makes the Ramsey Chr
onicle's description of Tosti as }{\i\insrsid14776484 unus ex baronibus regis Edwardi}{\insrsid14776484 
 ('one of King Edward's barons') comprehensible. Thistleton is almost midway between the Huntingdonshire and Lincolnshire holdings and would have provided a useful staging point (JP).}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 1 HIDE T
AXABLE, UNDER THE KING. That is, not part of the land that came to him from Aefic. It does not appear to be a duplication of other land at Catworth, as all the holdings (at Great Catworth and Little Catworth) combined to make 15 hides. Aefic had also held
 3 hides in Catworth (19,12).}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab MEADOW, 6 ACRES. Latin }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 acras}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 . For other occurrences of this, see the list in 5,2 meadow note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 29,4\tab BRAMPTON. This was an Ancient Parish. This fragment of 1 hide and 1 virgate, not called a manor, may have been briefly removed from the 15-hide royal manor (1,8). It does not seem to have had a separate later history.}{
\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab ALRIC. The Domesday forms of the name-form Alric - }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Alric}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 )}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , Elric}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 )}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , Aelric}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 )}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , Alrich, Alrist}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  (a scribal error) - could represent Old English }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \'c6thelric}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  or Old English }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \'c6lfric}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 : von Feilitzen, }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , pp. 150-51, under }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Al-ric}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , and see also p. 142, under }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Al-}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 . JRM followed von Feilitzen in keeping to the base form, as does the Alecto edition. However, occasionally some of the peo
ple here rendered Alric appear in certain Phillimore printed translations as Aelfric or Aethelric, but their name-forms do not include the }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 -u-}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  or }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 -f-}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  required by JRM for inclusion under Aelfric, or the }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 -d-}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  or }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 -g-}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  required by him for inclusion under Aethelr
ic. This is the only occurrence of this name-form in Domesday Huntingdonshire.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 1 PLOUGH. This was probably used by the smallholders despite the }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 7}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  ('and') in place of the usual }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 cum}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  ('with').}{
\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 29,5\tab MARGINAL }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 M}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 . This is probably an error for }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 .II.M}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ; see 23,1 marginal note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab WOOLLEY. This was an Ancient Parish. Eustace had \'bd hide here in 1086 with the same }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 T.R.E.}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
 holders (19,21) which may have been part of these 3 hides and was possibly recombined with them. The manor descended to the honour of Gloucester: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Feudal Aids}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. pp. 470-71; }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , iii. p. 125.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab GOLDE [* GODE *] <OF WOOLLEY> AND HER SON WULFRIC. The joint tenure of a widow and son is more probable than of father and son (JRM). Golde (Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Golde}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
) is almost certainly the same person as the Gode (Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Gode}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ) who with Wulfric had held other land in Woolley from Eustace the sheriff (19,21); see 19,21 Gode note for both these names.}{
\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 29,6\tab [NORMANCROSS HUNDRED]. This entry is out of sequence, a place
 in Normancross Hundred having been entered at 29,1. However, such chapters concerning lands of the king's thanes and servants are often arranged by subtenants, or occasionally individual estates seem to have been entered out of standard order. In this la
tter case, the most likely reason for the disorder is that a scribe repeatedly missed what he was looking for either in converting material arranged by hundreds (as in the }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ) to the feudal arrangement of the circuit volumes (as in the }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Liber Exoniensis}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ) or in rearranging the entries of the putative circuit volume.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab SAWTRY. There were later two parishes, Sawtry All Saints and Sawtry St Andrew, as well as an extra-parochial area, Sawtry St Judith This land, not described as a 
manor, had probably been part of the Ramsey Abbey holding at 'Sawtry Moyne' (6,12). Soon after 1086, it was seized by Eustace the sheriff, or by Walter [de Beaumais], his tenant at 'Sawtry Beaumes' (19,1). It was reclaimed by Ramsey Abbey and two writs of
 William II order its restoration: 'to let the abbot have \'bd hide formerly held by Ailwin the reeve and now by Walter }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 de Belmeis'}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 : }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , i. p. 84 nos. 321, 322; the Ramsey Cartulary (Hart and Lyons,}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 i. p. 234, ii. p. 290); the Ramsey Chronicle (Macray, p. 209); }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , iii. p. 205.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab ALWIN [* THE REEVE *]. For the identity of Alwin, see 29,6 Sawtry note. On the name-form Alwin, see 2,9 Alwin note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab \'bd CARUCATE. This is an error for \'bd
 hide, as evidenced by William II's writ (29,6 Sawtry note). See the Ramsey Chronicle (Macray, pp. 208-209). Compare 15,1 carucates note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab MEADOW, 2 ACRES. Latin }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 acras}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , accusative. For a list of other occurrences, see 5,2 meadow note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 D1\tab [DECLARATIONS]. See \{Introduction: Declarations\}..

\par \tab THIS ENTRY and the next five entries (D2-6) concern estates in 'Hurstingstone' Hundred of which the borough of Huntingdon formed a part; see B15. D5 of Brictmer note and D6 Alwin note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab THE CHURCH OF ST MARY. Two other entries in the main Domesday Huntingdonshire text refer to these transactions: B12 and 19,9; see 19,9 St Mary's note. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Domesday Book and the Law}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 178 no. 844.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab VITALIS. The Domesday forms of this name - }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Vitalis}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Vitel}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Fitel}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Phitelet}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Fitheus}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  - represent the Latin name }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Vitalis}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, from which derives the Old French }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Vit}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 t}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 )}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 el}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , pp. 405-406. The printed Phillimore edition has Vitalis, except for HAM 23,3 (Vitalet); this has now been standardized as Vitalis. The Alecto edition
 has Vitalis. This is the only occurrence of this name in Domesday Huntingdonshire.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab BERNARD. The Domesday form of this name, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Bernard}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ], represents Old German }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Berenard}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Bernard}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , Old French }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Bernart}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 : Forssner, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Continental-Germanic Personal Names in England}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 46. The Alecto edition also has Bernard. This is the only occurrence of this name in Domesday Huntingdonshire.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab HUGH, KING EDWARD'S CHAMBERLAIN. On the name Hugh, see 6,1 Hugh note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab TWO PRIESTS OF HUNTINGDON. They are called Burgred and Thorkil in 19,9.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab EUSTACE ^[THE SHERIFF]^. See B10 Eustace note, and on the name Eustace, see B1 Eustace note}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 D2\tab EUSTACE [* THE SHERIFF *]. He was presumably Eustace the sheriff, here following his predecessor in that office (B10). See also B10 Eustace note, and on the name Eustace, see B1 Eustace note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 

\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab LEOFEVA'S HOUSE. It must have lain in Huntingdon borough and (assuming that Leofeva is Aelfric's widow) the dispute is more clearly described in B10. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Domesday Book and the Law}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 178 no. 845.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab The Domesday forms of the name Leofeva - }{\i\insrsid14776484 Leueua}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Leuefa}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Leueue}{\insrsid14776484  - represent Old English }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Leofgifu}{\insrsid14776484 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 312. JRM preferred the second element -eva for OId English }{\i\insrsid14776484 -gifu}{
\insrsid14776484  as it reflected the Domesday 
forms. In the Phillimore printed edition of Lincolnshire the form Leofgifu appears; this has now been standardized as Leofeva. The Alecto edition has Leofgifu. This is the only occurrence of this name in Domesday Huntingdonshire.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab OGER OF LONDON. This is his only appearance in Domesday Book. Nothing is known about him, unless this is an alternative name for Oger the Breton, a Domesday tenant-in-chief.
\par \tab \tab The Domesday forms of the name Oger - }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Ogerus}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Ogerius}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  - represent Old German }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Odger}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Og}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 g}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 )}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 er}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Autger}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  etc. and Old French }
{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Ogier}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 : Forssner, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Continental-Germanic Personal Names in England}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 197. Dauzat,}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  Dictionnaire des Noms et Pr\'e9
noms de France}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , has the forms }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Oger}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  and }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Og\'e9}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , as well as}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  Ogier}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
. The Phillimore printed edition has the forms Oger and Odger; these have now been standardized as Oger. The Alecto edition has Ogier.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 D3\tab LAND OF HUNEF <OF STUKELEY> AND "GOS". This land likewise lay in the borough of Huntingdon (B14). The property was appurtenant to [Great] Stukeley (20,3). Countess Judith was holding them as
 the widowed wife and successor to Waltheof. On the names Hunef and "Gos", see B14 Hunef note. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 178 no. 846.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab ON THE DAY OF HIS DEATH. Literally, 'on the day on which he was alive and dead', that is on 6th Jan
uary 1066. In the Phillimore printed translation this phrase was rendered 'in 1066' for the sake of brevity, as in D22. This lengthy phrase is found in the }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Liber Exoniensis}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
 (Exon) and may have been the formula used in other circuit returns. It was abbreviated to }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 T}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 empore}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ]}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  R}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 egis}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ]}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  E}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 duuardi}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
] by the main scribe of Great Domesday when he was writing up the south-western counties (circuit II), and it was his normal practice to use }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 T.R.E.}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
 when dealing with other circuits for which a circuit volume does not survive. He should probably have abbreviated it here. It may be a sign that the source of these Declarations was a circuit volume; see \{Introduction: Declarations\}.}{
\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab EARL [* WALTHEOF *]. Waltheof succeeded Tosti in 1065 (JRM). See 2,8 Waltheof note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab SHOULD HAVE GIVEN. Thus in the Alecto edition correctly; alternatively 'ought to have given'. Neither 'was going to give' (in the Phillimore printed translation) nor 'was said to give it' (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
VCH Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , i. p. 354 and note) properly translate the Latin }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 debuerit}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
 which is perfect subjunctive, correctly and classically, because it is in a subordinate clause in indirect statement. It is not a future perfect, although the future perfect and the perfect subjunctive have the same form.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab Despite the king's apparent fa
ilure to give it to Earl Waltheof, the latter's widow, Judith, had 16 houses held by "Gos" and Hunef (B14). This might suggest that the information in D3 preceded that in B14 in time. It is not clear whether Great Stukeley had been a royal manor or was on
ly temporarily in King Edward's hands (perhaps following the death of Hunef and Gos) and had been held by Earl Waltheof as their overlord.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 D4\tab THIS ENTRY appears to interrupt a series of entries relating to the borough of Huntingdon; however, both Broughton and Huntingdon lay in 'Hurstingstone' Hundred (B15;21).}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 5 HIDES A
T BROUGHTON. The hides were held by Freemen in 6,3. The nature of the dispute (if there was one) is unclear, but there the Freemen appear to be asserting their independence (see 6,3 Broughton note). It is also said there that Eustace claimed the land, but
 there is no mention of this here. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 178 no. 847.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab LAND AND THE JURISDICTION OVER THEM. The Latin }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 terram}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  is singular because it refers to the }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 terra sochemanorum }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
('the land of the Freemen') and the }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 eis}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  is plural because it refers back to the 5 hides.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab ABBOT ALWIN. On the name-form Alwin, see 2,9 Alwin note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab SAXONY. Germany in general; Alwin perhaps accompanied Bishop Aldred of Worcester's embassy to Cologne in 1054, to negotiate the return of Prince Edward (JRM).}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab HAS ALWAYS HAD IT. Latin }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 eam}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  refers to the }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 terram}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  (Freemen's land).}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 D5\tab 
COUNTY. This corrects 'country', given in error in the Phillimore printed translation.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab LAND OF BRICTMER BALEHORN. It probably lay within the borough of Huntingdon, the information ab
out it being present in a fuller draft of the borough section but abbreviated out during the compilation of Domesday Huntingdonshire. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 178 no. 848.}{
\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 
BRICTMER BALEHORN. The Domesday forms of his first name - }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Brictmar}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Brictmar}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ), }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Brismar}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Brismer}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ,}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  Brihtmar}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ), }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Bricmar}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Bricsmar}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Brictmar}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ],}{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  Britmar}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Britmar}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ] etc. - represent Old English}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  Beorhtm\'e6r}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , pp. 194-96. JRM preferred the first element Brict- for Old English }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Beorht-}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , and the second element -mer for Old English -}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 m\'e6r}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, as they reflected the majority of the Domesday forms. The Phillimore printed edition has the form Brictmer except in Lincolnshire where Beorhtmaer occurs; these have now been standardized as Brictmer. The Alecto edition has Beorhtm\'e6r.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab His byname (Domesday }{\i\insrsid14776484 Belehorne}{\insrsid14776484 ) may be identical with the hypothetical Middle English }{\i\insrsid14776484 balehorn}{\insrsid14776484 (}{\i\insrsid14776484 e}{\insrsid14776484 
) from Middle English }{\i\insrsid14776484 bale}{\insrsid14776484  (Old English }{\i\insrsid14776484 bealu}{\insrsid14776484 ), 'baleful', evil', 'malicious', and Old English/Middle English }{\i\insrsid14776484 horn}{\insrsid14776484 (}{
\i\insrsid14776484 e}{\insrsid14776484 ), 'horn' (musical instrument or drinking horn): Tengvik, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Old English Bynames}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 373. The Alecto edition has Belehorne.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab A document dating }{\i\insrsid14776484 c}{\insrsid14776484 .}{\i\insrsid14776484  }{\insrsid14776484 1060 in the Ramsey Cartulary (Hart and Lyons,}{\i\insrsid14776484  }{\insrsid14776484 i. p. 188, iii. p. 38) mentions a }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Brihtman Balehorn}{\insrsid14776484 , apparently the same person as the Brictmer Balehorn here.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab [BOROUGH] REVENUE. This was almost certainly the }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 firma burgi}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , divided between the king and the earl (B17). This also suggests that this land lay in the borough.}{
\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 D6\tab THE LAND OF ALWIN THE PRIEST. 
This probably lay in the borough, the detail being lost in abbreviation (as apparently in D5). On the name-form Alwin, see 2,9 Alwin note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 
ABBOT. This is presumably the Abbot of Ramsey who had 32 burgesses in the borough. The Abbot of Ely also had a plot there (B3).}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab THE PRIEST'S AND THE REEVE'S LAND. The Latin }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 utrunque fuisse terram presbyteri 7 praefecti}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  is not entirely clear; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 utrunque}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  should strictly be }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 utramque}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  (feminine) referring to 'each' of the two lands (in turn). The clause would have benefited from being }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
ex his altera erat presbyteri, altera praefecti}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  'of these one was the priest's, the other the reeve's'. It appears to be over-compressed but is a summary
 of the contents of D5 and D6, to emphasize that the lands were 'priestland' and 'reeveland' with special privileges. Presumably these men were the priest and the reeve of the borough; see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , i. p. 354. Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ,
 p. 179 no. 849, renders this as 'Both his holdings were priest-land and reeveland', despite only one 'land' having been mentioned.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 D7\tab THIS ENTRY and the next six entries (D8-13) concern estates in Toseland Hundred.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab THE LANDS OF AELFRIC <OF YELLING> IN YELLING AND HEMINGFORD [GREY]. Latin }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 terra}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 s}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ] rather than }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 terra}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 m}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ] in view of }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 eas}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  (JRM).
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab The order of the Latin is normal in this type of phrase but misled JRM (Index of Persons in the Phillimore printed translation) into concluding that Aelfric was Aelfric of Yelling. In fact the }{\i\insrsid14776484 
de Gellinge 7 Emingeforde}{\insrsid14776484  appears to depend on the }{\i\insrsid14776484 terra}{\insrsid14776484 [}{\i\insrsid14776484 s}{\insrsid14776484 
] and to mean 'Aelfric's lands (consisting) of Yelling and Hemingford [Grey]': Aelfric had held land in both Yelling and Hemingford [Grey] (22,1-2). The translation in the 
Phillimore printed edition ' the lands of Aelfric of Yelling and Hemingford' has therefore been changed for the present edition. In this context Latin can use }{\i\insrsid14776484 in}{\insrsid14776484 
, as in D16 ('Alwin Devil's 1 virgate of land in Pertenhall'), which is clearer than, but not different from, the genitive of definition used here and in D10;13;27. On }{\i\insrsid14776484 de}{\insrsid14776484  being used in the same way as }{
\i\insrsid14776484 in}{\insrsid14776484  in the headings to fiefs in the }{\i\insrsid14776484 Liber Exoniensis}{\insrsid14776484 , see DOR 47 Roger note. If Aelfric were 'Aelfric of Yelling', he would also have to be 'Aelfric of
 Yelling and Hemingford [Grey]', which is improbable; it would also leave his estates unnamed, though place-names are often absent in the Declarations. The present edition has differentiated him from other men called Aelfric by attaching the name of one o
f his holdings, though there is no evidence that he was called 'Aelfric of Yelling'. On the name Aelfric, see B10 Aelfric note.
\par \tab \tab The lands had certainly belonged to Ramsey Abbey (6,15 Yelling note; 6,16 Hemingford note), but appear in Aubrey de Vere's fief in Great Domesday (22,1-2). The abbey did not recover them. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 179 no. 850.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab BOXTED. Probably part of Boxted in Essex (ESS 20,37) held by an Aelfric before 1066 (JRM) and Count Eustace in 1086; see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , i. p. 354; }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ,}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 i. p. 465.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 D8\tab 2 HIDES ... IN HEMINGFORD [ABBOTS]. The first is a waste hide held by Ralph son of Osmund (27,1). It is there said to have been held by Alwin Blaec (presumably from the Abbot of Ramsey). The other hide (Godric's
) is listed in the abbey's fief, but held by Ralph son of Osmund 'but the men of the hundred do not know through whom' (6,16). For the history of Hemingford Abbots, see 6,16 Hemingford note. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 179 no. 851.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab RALPH SON OF OSMUND. On the names Ralph and Osmund, see 6,17 Ralph note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab HE HOLDS IT. Latin }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 tenere illum}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
 is an accusative and infinitive construction for indirect statement. The main scribe of Great Domesday began with a Medieval Latin indirect statement }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 dicunt quod}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
 ... followed by a clause, but then continued with an infinitive. Having realized his change of construction he added }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 illum}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  (= }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Radulfum}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
) to provide the necessary accusative.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab GODRIC. On this name, see 2,5 Godric note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab ABBOT ... DENMARK ... LOVE FOR THE KING. Probably Abbot Aelfsi, in exile in Denmark about 1070; see Freeman, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Norman Conquest}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ,}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  }{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 iv. p. 748 (JRM). There is a further reference to this in BRK 46,4: 'Ralph also holds BURGHFIELD, and a man-at-arms from him. Abbot Alsi held it from the old m
onastery of Winchester church, as the Shire witnesses, before 1066 and afterwards, until he was an outlaw'.
\par }\pard\plain \s22\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab 
The traditional date of Abbot Aelfsi's exile is 1070 (as above and see }{\cf1\insrsid14776484 Knowles, }{\i\cf1\insrsid14776484 Heads of Religious Houses}{\cf1\insrsid14776484 , pp. 35-36). However, Aelfsi was not app
ointed as Abbot of Ramsey until 1080, so he was not in charge of the Ramsey land that was said to have been alienated during his exile. In 1070 he was Abbot of St Augustine's at Canterbury. There is something wrong with the dates or the jurors' memory her
e.}{\cf1\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 D9\tab SUMARLITHI <OF WARESLEY>. His land at
 Waresley (19,26) was held in 1086 by Roger from Eustace the sheriff. The nature of the dispute (if there was one) is unclear, unless the lands of Thorulf should have gone to a different fief-holder. Eustace (who is not mentioned in this entry) did not re
tain this land (19,26 Waresley note). See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 179 no. 852.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 D10\tab LAND OF WULFWIN "CHIT" IN [HAIL] WESTON. Hail Weston is the name of the estate held by Wulfwin, not his byname; see D7 Aelfric note. The reference is to 2
5,1 where Hail Weston is listed as a double manor (held by Saxi and Wulfwin in 1066) with no mention of any relationship with Kimbolton. Saxi's holding at Hail Weston was the subject of another Declaration (D13). Earl Harold had held Kimbolton with member
s in 1066 (13,1-5) and the issue here seems to be whether Wulfwin was a subtenant of Earl Harold or a tenant-in-chief; this is a common problem with 1066 tenures.
\par \tab \tab Hail Weston is a considerable distance from Kimbolton, not west of it and therefore not its 'western }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 tun}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
'; it lay in a different hundred and was separated from it by other manors which are presumed not to have been in its jurisdiction. Holdings at Catworth and Little Catworth (which were members of Kimbolton) are also the subject of Declarations 
(D17-18) where they are also said to have been respectively by Wulfwin "Chit" and 'the same Wulfwin'. The corresponding entries in the main Domesday text (13,4-5) make no mention of a Wulfwin. There may have been some confusion here. See also Fleming, }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 179 no. 853.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab WULFWIN "CHIT". Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 chit}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  here and in D17 and, with 'Wulfwin' attached as }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Vluuinchit}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
 in CHS 9,4, represents the hypothetical Old English }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 cit}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 t}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ), perhaps identical with modern English 'chit', 'shoot', 'sprout': Tengvik, }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Old English Bynames}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , pp. 302-303, though derivation from Middle English }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 chitte}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
 ('whelp', 'cub', 'kitten') is also suggested there. In view of the uncertainty, it has been decided for the present edition to keep the Domesday form. The Phillimore printed edition of Huntingdonshire and Cheshire (CHS 9,4) have 'Young Wulfwin', though }
{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 chit}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  is quite different from the Old English }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 cilt}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 cild}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  (see Tengvik, }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Old English Bynames}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , pp. 243-45; von Feilitzen, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 215), 
which JRM rendered 'Young'. The Alecto edition has Wulfwine Cild. There are no other occurrences of the byname }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 chit}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  in Domesday Book and none of Wulfwin }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 cild}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 /}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 cilt}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 . Scribal error in three entries, covering two counties, is unlikely. }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , i. 
p. 354, prints the two occurrences of the name as Chit, without comment. }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Cheshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , i. p. 356 no. 184, has 'Chit', again without comment. On the name Wulfwin, see 25,1 Wulfwin note..\tab 
Wulfwin is not given his byname in 25,1, to which the present entry relates, perhaps because the main scribe of Great Domesday initially omitted his name (25,1 Wulfwin note) and later interlined it: there was no space for a byname either above or beside }
{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Vluuin'}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 .}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab EARL HAROLD. See 13,1 Harold note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 D11\tab 1 \'bd HIDES OF LAND ^[IN [HAIL] WESTON]^. These 1 \'bd
 hides in [Hail] Weston were held by Eustace the sheriff in 1086 (19,27), though Countess Judith was claiming from him. The present Declaration suggests that she rightly held the estate if the lands passed legitimately from Earl T
osti to Waltheof her husband in the transfer of the earldom. This buttressing of Judith's claim might be taken as evidence that this group of jurors pronounced on the issue after the initial proceedings that produced the material for the main Domesday Hun
tingdonshire text. However, it is more likely that this was part of the initial sworn statement but was abbreviated out in the editing that produced Great Domesday. Judith's claim did not succeed. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 179 no. 854.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab ALGEAT <OF WESTON>. See 19,27 Algeat note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab HELD THEM. Latin }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 eam}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , singular,}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 refers to the 1 \'bd hides which is regarded as a singular in Latin. The }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 e\'e2 tenuit}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  was interlined by the main scribe of Great Domesday. Its initial omission is a simple mishandling 
by him of the arrangement of the sentence that he was composing. He perhaps forgot the verb for a moment or was saving it up, but when the sentence lengthened, as he wrote it, by two phrases 'with full jurisdiction' as well as 'and afterwards from Waltheo
f', he decided it best to go back and insert it after Algeat. He could have inserted it after }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 de comite Tosti}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ; either position would be normal in Medieval Latin.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab Roffe, 'Introduction', }{\i\insrsid14776484 Huntingtonshire Domesday, }{\insrsid14776484 p. 10, suggests that the scribe had 'misunde
rstood his exemplar' in implying that Algeat held with full jurisdiction and that it was more likely that it was Earl Waltheof who had full jurisdiction. However, it is more likely to be Algeat who did so, it being unnecessary to specify the nature of Wal
theof's tenure in view of his status.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab [* EARL *] WALTHEOF. Waltheof succeeded Tosti in 1065 (JRM). See 2,8 Waltheof note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 D12\tab GODRIC THE PRIEST. On this name, see 2,5 Godric note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab LIKEWISE. This probably means 'with full jurisdiction' or perhaps simply 'similarly from Waltheof'.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 
1 HIDE OF LAND ^[IN BOUGHTON]^. No dispute is recorded in the corresponding entry in Boughton in the land of Eustace the sheriff (19,31), but the estate went to Waltheof's heir (his wife Judith, then, as expected, to the honour of
 Huntingdon), from which it would appear that Eustace was holding it wrongfully. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 179 no. 855.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab EARL WALTHEOF. See 2,8 Waltheof note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab EUSTACE ^[THE SHERIFF]^. On the name Eustace, see B1 Eustace note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 D13\tab 
LAND OF GODWIN IN [HAIL] WESTON. [Hail] Weston is the name of the estate held by Godwin, not his byname; see D7 Aelfric note. On the name Godwin, see 1,4 Godwin note. Another part of Hail Weston, held by Saxi and Wulfwin in 1086 from Robert son of Fafiton
 
(25,1), was the subject of a different sort of query (D10). The statement here that this part of Hail Weston emphatically did not belong to Saxi (and was therefore not part of Robert's fief) is tacitly accepted in 19,28, where the estate appears among Eus
tace's lands. It descended with them. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 179 no. 856.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab SAXI. On this name, see 14,1 Saxi note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab ^[ROBERT SON OF]^ FAFITON. See HUN 25 Robert note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 D14\tab THIS ENTRY and the next eleven entries (D15-25) concern lands in 'Leightonstone' Hundred, of which D14-19 might form a distinct Kimbolton Hundred group, though the hundreds are probably one and the same (see \{
Introduction: Hundreds\} and 13,1 hundred note).}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab SWINESHEAD. This declaration concerns a portion of the mano
r of Kimbolton (13,3) and seems intended to confirm Earl Harold's full and exceptional tenure (13,1 Kimbolton note, D16 Pertenhall note and D17 Catworth note). See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Domesday Book and the Law}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 179 no. 857.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab Swineshead was transferred to Bedfordshire in 1896.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab EARL SIWARD. See B5 Siward note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab [AND] FULL JURISDICTION. Latin }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 soccam 7 sacam}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  are accusative. Assuming that the object of 'gave' is 'Swineshead', the main scribe of Great Domesday either omitted an }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 7}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  before }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 soccam 7 sacam}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  or he should have put }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 cum socca 7 saca}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
 ('with full jurisdiction'), as rendered in the Phillimore printed translation but without the use of brackets.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab EARL HAROLD. See 13,1 Harold note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab IN THE SAME WAY. That is, with full jurisdiction, limited by the following double clause concerning tax and military obligations.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab WITH THEM. The Latin is unclear: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 eis}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  could refer to either Siward and Harold or the men of the county.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 D15\tab "FURSA"'S LAND [* 
IN SWINESHEAD *]. The corresponding entry is probably 19,11, although there is no clear reference to any disputed tenure. The phrase 'it was a jurisdiction of the king' might suggest that it should not have been part of Eustace's fief and contradicts the 
implication in 19,11 that "Fursa" had full jurisdiction. On the name "Fursa", see 19,11 "Fursa" note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 179 no. 858.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab Swineshead was transferred to Bedfordshire in 1896.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 D16\tab PERTENHALL. In the corresponding e
ntry (2,9) it is said that it 'is situated in Bedfordshire, but it pays tax and service in Huntingdonshire' and that 'the king's officers claim it for his use'. Judging by its geographical position, Pertenhall could once have been part of Kimbolton manor,
 which appears to have been divided }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 T.R.E.}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
 between the king and Earl Harold (13,1 Kimbolton note). This entry also falls within a group of places that did or could have belonged to Kimbolton. On the possibility that Pertenhall was larger than this 1 virgate
 holding might suggest, see 2,9 Pertenhall note. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 179 no. 859.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab ALWIN DEVIL. On the name-form Alwin, see 2,9 Alwin note. On his byname, see 19,30 Devil note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 D17\tab WULFWIN "CHIT" \'85 IN CATWORTH. This probably refers to the entry in 13,4 for Catworth, a jurisdiction of Kimbolton, whose }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 T.R.E.}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
 holder is not there given and where there is no note of any dispute. As a part of Kimbolton, it would have been expected to have been held by Earl Harold, but King Edward seem
s to have retained, or have wished to retain, an interest (see 13,1 Kimbolton note, D14 Swineshead note and D18 Catworth note). See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 179 no. 860.
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab On the name Wulfwin, see 25,1 Wulfwin note, and on his byname, see D10 "Chit" note.}{\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab EARL HAROLD. See 13,1 Harold note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 D18\tab LITTLE CATWORTH. Latin }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 parva Cateuuorde}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  here corresponds to }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 alia Cateuuorde}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
 of 13,5. The situation appears to be similar to that in D17, with King Edward retaining control over a part of Earl Harold's manor of Kimbolton. There is here an additional claim by Countess Judith which succeeded. See also Fleming, }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 179 no. 861.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab THE SAME ^[YOUNG]^ WULFWIN. On the name Wulfwin, see 25,1 Wulfwin note, and on his byname, see D10 "Chit" note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 
HE COULD GIVE AND SELL THE LAND TO WHOM HE WOULD. This means that Wulfwin was not bound to a specific lord. This phrase is very common in the counties of circuit III, especially in Domesday Bedfordshire and Cambridgeshire, but this is its only
 occurrence in Huntingdonshire. The Phillimore printed translation has 'give or sell' in error.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 D19\tab EASTON ... SPALDWICK. Easton is named as an outlier of Spaldwick in the entry in the main }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Inquisitio Eliensis}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  survey corresponding to 4,4, but not in the Gr
eat Domesday text itself (4,4 Spaldwick note). There is no mention of Eustace's invention either in the }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Inquisitio Eliensis}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
 or in the main Domesday Huntingdonshire text. The obvious Easton, and the only one for which there is any evidence of its existence, is close to Spaldwick (of which it could well have been the 'east }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 tun}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 '; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Place-names of Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 238) and to its two other outliers, Barham and Stow Longa.
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab 
If this Easton is correctly identified with entries for 'Easton' in Bedfordshire, it ha
d ten further parts which are noticed in the Bedfordshire folios (BDF 3,6. 4,2. 17,4-7. 23,24. 35,1. 36,1. 44,1). Three of these Bedfordshire holders (the Bishop of Coutances, the Bishop of Lincoln and William of Warenne), also held land in Huntingdonshir
e
. The present entry does not make clear whether the land actually lay in Bedfordshire, though it paid its tax there. It is likely that the whole of Easton in 1086 formed an island of Bedfordshire or a projection of it but that the Abbot of Ely's Easton ha
d been partially removed from that county because it was a member of Spaldwick. The boundary change which put Easton entirely into Huntingdonshire is not recorded.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab The entries for Easton total almost 9 \'bd
 hides. It may have been a 10-hide manor, the other half-hide being a portion of the Spaldwick outlier which Eustace had not annexed. Identification has been bedevilled by Airy's 1881 emendation of }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Estone}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  to }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Westen}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  which he took as meaning 'wasteland' and which he located on 'the high clay table of Little Staughton' which was 'one of a series of }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
westens}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ', including Westoning, similarly amended. In 1904 Round (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 VCH Bedfordshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, i. pp. 213-15) properly rejected this etymology and the consequent location; he suggested the obvious Easton, noting that William of 
Warenne's honour of Kimbolton (13,1 Kimbolton note) later retained 1 hide of Easton, where in 1086 he had held over 2 hides (BDF 17,4-7); }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , ii. p. 632; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
VCH Huntingdonshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , iii. p. 42. But the identification with Little Staughton was repeated by the }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Place-Names of Bedfordshire}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 20, in 1926 (with }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 sic}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  added) and by the }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  without qualification (JRM's note to BDF 3,6 in the Phillimore printed edition).
\par }{\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab The Domesday manor was clearly larger than the later parish. In propor
tion to the acreage, both ploughs and assessed ploughs were four times as numerous as in the neighbouring parishes of Staughton which include the Domesday manors of Dillington and West Perry. Easton therefore probably included part of Great Staughton, now
 in Huntingdonshire and all or part of Little Staughton, now in Bedfordshire: }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , i. p. 322, iii. p. 42; }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH Bedfordshire}{\insrsid14776484 , i. p. 215, iii. p. 165; }{
\i\insrsid14776484 Bedfordshire Historical Records}{\insrsid14776484  i. p. 70; }{\i\insrsid14776484 Curia Regis Rolls}{\insrsid14776484 , i. p. 146; }{\i\insrsid14776484 Close Rolls}{\insrsid14776484  (Record C
ommission), i. p. 288 (mostly from JRM's note to BDF 3,6 in the Phillimore printed edition).
\par \tab \tab It may be significant that the Domesday form for Great Staughton is }{\i\insrsid14776484 Tochestone}{\insrsid14776484  whereas earlier and later forms are }{\i\insrsid14776484 Stoctun}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Stottun}{
\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Stocton}{\insrsid14776484 ,}{\i\insrsid14776484  Stoctona}{\insrsid14776484  etc. from Old English }{\i\insrsid14776484 stoc}{\insrsid14776484  ('stock', 'stump') and }{\i\insrsid14776484 tun}{\insrsid14776484 
 ('farm'): }{\i\insrsid14776484 Place-names of Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 267. Although not commented on by }{\i\insrsid14776484 Place-names of Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\insrsid14776484 Tochestone}{\insrsid14776484 
 might contain the element 'Easton', suggesting that there had been a name change. Since only the Bedfordshire holdings of the Abbot of Ely and of William of Warenne are mentioned as lying in Easton in later times (e.g. in }{\i\insrsid14776484 
Rotuli Hundredorum}{\insrsid14776484 , ii. pp. 615, 632), the other six holdings that lay there in 1086 may well have been in adjacent places and been known by other names.
\par \tab \tab The Abbot of Ely recovered this land, which passed as an appendage of Spaldwick to the Bishop of Lincoln in 1109: }{\i\insrsid14776484 VCH Huntingdonshire}{\insrsid14776484 
, iii. p. 42; and HUN 4 Ely note. There is an instruction by William II to find out if Easton had lain in the farm of Ramsey Abbey in King Edward's time: }{\i\insrsid14776484 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\insrsid14776484 
, i. p. 84 nos. 321-22. This may have been an attempt to right the present alienation (but with confusion over the identity of the abbey). See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid14776484 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid14776484 , p. 180 no. 862.}{
\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab EUSTACE [* THE SHERIFF *]. See B10 Eustace note, and on the name Eustace, see B1 Eustace note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 D20\tab 
THIS ENTRY and the next five entries (D21-25) are for holdings in 'Leightonstone' Hundred proper, if D14-19 are a separate Kimbolton Hundred group (see \{Introduction: Hundreds\} and 13,1 hundred note).}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab KEYSTON. This land appears in the }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Terra Regis}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  (1,7) without any mention that Eustace had diverted its revenue. It is possible that the marginal }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 r}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  (for }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 require}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , 'enquire'), omitted by Farley and not in the previous version of }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Domesday Explorer}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , is connected with this. The use by the main scribe of Great Domesday of the marginal letters }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 r}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  (and }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 rq'}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
) was sporadic in Great Domesday and only occasionally led to a correction or addition; see Thorn, 'Marginal Notes and Signs', p. 124 (= Erskine and Williams, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 The Story of Domesday Book}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, pp. 190-91). See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 180 no. 863.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 
AELFRIC THE SHERIFF. On the name Aelfric, see B10 Aelfric note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab EUSTACE ^[THE SHERIFF]^. On the name Eustace, see B1 Eustace note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab NEVER SEEN OR HEARD OF A SEALED [WRIT]. The Latin is }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 nec unquam uiderunt uel audierunt sigillum}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 . The expression seems compressed with the meaning of both }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 sigillum}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  ('seal') and }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 audio}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
 ('hear') forced. This verb can mean 'hear about' with words such as 'deeds', where a telling about the deeds to the hearer is implied. However, 'to hear about' is usually constructed with the preposition }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 de}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  and the ablative case as in }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 audire de bello}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  ('to hear about the war'). The accusative is probably used here because it is normal after }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 uidere}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  and the scribe did not think to write }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 nec umquam uiderunt sigillum vel audierunt de eo}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  if that was his intended meaning. However, it is possible that in the 
present case the sworn men are not reporting hearsay, but that they had not heard a recital of the writ which bore the seal; that }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 sigillum}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
 does not mean 'seal' as much as 'writ'. A parallel instance is YKS CE33: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 testante Wapent' qui breuem regis inde uidit 7 audiuit}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
 ('as those of the wapentake testify who saw and heard the king's writ thereon').}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 D21\tab ALWOLD AND HIS BROTHERS. Alwold and his five brothers are described as Freemen in 19,15. On the name-form Alwold, see 6,6 Alwold note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab EUSTACE ^[THE SHERIFF]^. Eustace's tenure is recorded in 19,15; see also B10 Eustace note, and on the name Eustace, see B1 Eustace note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab FROM THEM. Latin }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 sibi}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ; this was omitted in error in the Phillimore printed translation and in the previous version of }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Domesday Explorer}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 .}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab THEIR LAND ^[IN [GREAT] GIDDING]^. The claim is also found in 19,15 (see 19,15 Gidding note). See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 180 no. 864.}{
\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab THE COUNTY DENIES. The claim is attributed to 'the men of the hundred' in 19,15. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 180 no. 864.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 

\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 D22\tab IN 1066. Literally 'on the day on which King Edward was alive and dead'; see D3 day note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab [GREAT] GIDDING. The statement is made, without qualification in 1,6. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 180 no. 865.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab OUTLIER OF ALCONBURY. On the use of Latin }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 in}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , see 10,1 outlier note. The Phillimore printed translation has 'in Paxton'.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 D23\tab 
BUCKWORTH. The statement is also made in 10,1. The essence of the Declaration is that in 1066 Buckworth was a member of Gr
eat Paxton (20,8); thus the manor should have descended to Countess Judith (HUN 20). In fact the overlordship descended with the Counts of Eu, who held Buckworth here. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Domesday Book and the Law}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 180 no. 866.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 D24\tab 36 HIDES OF LAND IN BRA
MPTON. In 1,8 the king is said to have had 15 hides in Brampton, not 36, which is the number of the villagers. Only a further 1 hide and 1 virgate (possibly a duplicate of part of the 15 hides) occur elsewhere in Domesday Huntingdonshire (29,4).
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab If the f
igure 36 was accidentally transferred from the number of villagers, this suggests that whoever compiled the Declarations had in front of him a full manorial survey (as in the }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  or a circuit volume), and that he was not recording declarations by jurors made on a separate occasion (see \{Introduction: Declarations\}).}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 36 HIDES. The later interlineation of the }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 hid'}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  by the main scribe of Great Domesday suggests that he may have had problems with his source.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 

\par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab RICHARD THE ARTIFIC
ER. On the name Richard, see 6,1 Richard note. Richard the artificer was brother of William (HUN 26) and probably a royal forester; see Keats-Rohan, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Domesday People}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
, p. 366, and HUN 26 William note. Richard here was either claiming this as part of his pres
erve, or was 'farming' the manor (under Ranulf brother of Ilger and he under the king) and trying to avoid payment by pretending that the land was in the royal forest (of Weybridge, see 1,8 Brampton note). See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 180 no. 867.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab 
WERE. This corrects 'was' of the Phillimore printed translation and the previous version of }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Domesday Explorer}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 .}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 D25\tab GRAFHAM. This was held by the king as a jurisdiction of 'Leightonstone' Hundred (1,9). There is no indication there that Eustace held it, though he had \'bd
 hide in 19,22, perhaps a duplicate of part of the royal manor (see 19,22 Grafham note). See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 180 no. 868.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab IT. Latin }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 eam}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  is feminine; the obvious preceding feminine word is }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 socam}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  ('jurisdiction'), but }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 eam}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  clearly refers to }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Grafham}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  which the scribe may have thought was feminine, or it could be that Grafham was described as a }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 mansio}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  ('manor', feminine) in his source (in the }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Liber Exoniensis}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 mansio}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  is the usual term for 
}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 manerium}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ).}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab EUSTACE [* THE SHERIFF *]. Presumably Eustace the sheriff who held in Grafham (19,22). See also B10 Eustace note, and on the name Eustace, see B1 Eustace note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 D26\tab THIS ENTRY and the next three entries are for holdings in Normancross Hundred.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab CONINGTON. The Declaration adds to what is said in 20,1. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 180 no. 869.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab THORKIL [* THE DANE *]. He was also known as Thorkil of Harringworth; see 2,8 Thorkil note. On the name Thorkil, see B12 Thorkil note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab SHOULD RETURN. Latin }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 debent}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  is the present tense, but the introductory verb }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 dixerunt}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
 is past (unusually) and the tenses follow through in the past ('they said that they had heard \'85 that it had been granted'). }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Debent}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  should logically be the past }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 debuerunt
}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , as in D7, but is the tense that the sworn men would have used in speaking or explaining.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab NOR HAD THEY BEEN INVOLVED IN IT. The Phillimore printed translation has 'and were not present', but this seems unnecessary after }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 non vidisse }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
('they had not seen this'). There is a Latin verb }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 intersum}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 interesse}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , which means 'to be present', but there is also an impersonal verb }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 interest}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 interesse}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , derived from it, which means 'it concerns', 'it is important for', 'it matters to', 'it involves', which is surely the sense her
e.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 D27\tab 
TOSTI <OF SAWTRY>. Not Tosti of Sawtry (as in the Phillimore printed translation), but 'the land of Tosti consisting of Sawtry', that is 'in Sawtry'. For similar examples, see D7;10;13 and D7 Aelfric note. On the name Tosti, see 10,1 Tosti note.
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab \tab 
Apart from the earl, Harold's brother, the name Tosti is not particularly common, occurring on twenty holdings between Sussex and Lincolnshire. Lincolnshire has the only concentration, and all these devolved upon the Bishop of Bayeux, making it likely tha
t they had been held by the individual who can be identified as Tosti, 'one of King Edward's barons', according to the Ramsey Chronicle; see 29,3 Erik note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab SAWTRY. In 19,1 Walter [* of Beaumais *] held from Eustace the sheriff. The implication of the
 present entry is that both were holding illegally. This is borne out by its earlier history. Nonetheless it remained with Eustace's successors (19,1 Sawtry note). See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Domesday Book and the Law}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 180 no. 870.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab ERIK <OF TEALBY>. On the name Erik, see 29,3 Erik note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 D28\tab [OLD] FLETTON. The Bishop of Peterborough held it (8,1), apparently without contradiction. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 180 no. 871.}{
\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 D29\tab 
LEOFRIC'S LAND ^[IN ORTON [WATERVILLE]]^. The entry for Orton [Waterville] (2,6) records the king's claim to this land. The present Declaration advances the bishop's cause. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 Domesday Book and the Law}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 , p. 180 no. 872. On the name Leofric, see 2,6 Leofric note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16282231 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab BUT BISHOP REMIGIUS HAS SHOWN. In the Phillimore
 printed edition the Latin clause }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 sed Remigius episcopus ostendit}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
 has been translated 'but that Bishop Remigius shows', as if it were part of another indirect statement, that is, another subordinate clause after }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 quod}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  depending on }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 dicunt}{
\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ; it is actually a separate clause, co-ordinated by }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 sed}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  with }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 dicunt}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  ('they say ... but he has shown ... '). Latin }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ostendit}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484  is there translated as the present tense, but in fact it is more likely that it is the perfect tense, the present and perfect stems being the same. On Bi
shop Remigius, see HUN 2 bishop note, and on the name Remigius, see 2,9 Remigius note..}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 \tab BISHOPRIC OF LINCOLN. This is anachronistic, but understandably so. The bishopric had been at Dorchester-on-Thames (Oxfordshire) }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 T.R.E.}{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 ; its transfer to Lincoln was au
thorized in 1072 (see HUN 2 bishop note).}{\cgrid0\insrsid16282231 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid14776484 
\par }}