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{\f351\fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 00000400000000000000}DF Diversions LET;}{\f352\fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 00000400000000000000}DF Diversities LET;}{\f353\fswiss\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0603050302020204}Festive;}
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{\f446\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Futura Md BT Greek;}{\f447\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Futura Md BT Tur;}{\f448\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Humanst521 Cn BT CE;}
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{\f470\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Light CE;}{\f471\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Light Greek;}{\f472\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Light Tur;}
{\f473\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Light Baltic;}{\f474\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Med CE;}{\f475\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Med Greek;}
{\f476\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Med Tur;}{\f477\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Med Baltic;}{\f478\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni CE;}
{\f479\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Greek;}{\f480\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Tur;}{\f481\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Baltic;}
{\f482\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MGI Archon CE;}{\f483\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MGI Archon Greek;}{\f484\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MGI Archon Tur;}
{\f485\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MGI Archon Baltic;}{\f486\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}AucoinExtBol CE;}{\f487\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}AucoinExtBol Greek;}
{\f488\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}AucoinExtBol Tur;}{\f489\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}AucoinExtBol Baltic;}{\f490\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}AucoinLight CE;}
{\f491\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}AucoinLight Greek;}{\f492\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}AucoinLight Tur;}{\f493\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}AucoinLight Baltic;}
{\f494\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Bedini CE;}{\f495\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Bedini Greek;}{\f496\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Bedini Tur;}
{\f497\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Bedini Baltic;}{\f498\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar Black Extended CE;}
{\f499\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar Black Extended Greek;}{\f500\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar Black Extended Tur;}
{\f501\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar Black Extended Baltic;}{\f502\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar CE;}{\f503\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar Greek;}
{\f504\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar Tur;}{\f505\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar Baltic;}{\f506\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar Regular Extended CE;}
{\f507\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar Regular Extended Greek;}{\f508\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar Regular Extended Tur;}
{\f509\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Gourmand CE;}{\f510\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Gourmand Greek;}{\f511\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Gourmand Tur;}
{\f512\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Gourmand Baltic;}{\f513\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Metro Nouveau CE;}{\f514\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Metro Nouveau Greek;}
{\f515\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Metro Nouveau Tur;}{\f516\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Metro Nouveau Baltic;}{\f517\froman\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Palladius CE;}
{\f518\froman\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Palladius Greek;}{\f519\froman\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Palladius Tur;}{\f520\froman\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Palladius Baltic;}
{\f521\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Peinaud CE;}{\f522\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Peinaud Greek;}{\f523\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Peinaud Tur;}
{\f524\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Peinaud Baltic;}{\f525\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Schindler CE;}{\f526\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Schindler Greek;}
{\f527\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Schindler Tur;}{\f528\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Schindler Baltic;}{\f529\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Schindler Small Caps CE;}
{\f530\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Schindler Small Caps Greek;}{\f531\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Schindler Small Caps Tur;}
{\f532\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Schindler Small Caps Baltic;}{\f533\fscript\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Vianta Greek;}{\f534\fdecor\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}LcdD CE;}
{\f535\fdecor\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}LcdD Tur;}{\f536\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}????????????????????????\'a8\'ac?????;}
{\f537\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}??????????????????????\'a8\'ac???????;}{\f538\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}?????????????????????????\'a1\'ec????;}
{\f539\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}??????????????????????????????\'a8;}{\f540\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 Times New Roman CYR;}{\f541\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 Times New Roman TUR;}{\f542\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 Arial CYR;}
{\f543\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 Arial TUR;}{\f544\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 Courier New CYR;}{\f545\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 Courier New TUR;}{\f546\fnil\fcharset178\fprq2{\*\panose 02010000000000000000}Traditional Arabic;}
{\f547\fnil\fcharset178\fprq2{\*\panose 02010000000000000000}Arabic Transparent;}{\f548\fnil\fcharset178\fprq2{\*\panose 02010000000000000000}Andalus;}{\f549\fnil\fcharset178\fprq2{\*\panose 02010000000000000000}Simplified Arabic;}
{\f550\fmodern\fcharset178\fprq1{\*\panose 02010009000000000000}Simplified Arabic Fixed;}{\f551\fmodern\fcharset134\fprq1{\*\panose 02010609030101010101}NSimSun;}{\f552\fmodern\fcharset134\fprq1{\*\panose 02010609030101010101}@NSimSun;}
{\f553\fnil\fcharset134\fprq2{\*\panose 02010600030101010101}@SimHei;}{\f554\froman\fcharset128\fprq2{\*\panose 02020600040205080304}MS PMincho;}{\f555\froman\fcharset128\fprq2{\*\panose 02020600040205080304}@MS PMincho;}
{\f556\fmodern\fcharset128\fprq1{\*\panose 020b0609070205080204}@MS Gothic;}{\f557\fswiss\fcharset128\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0600070205080204}MS PGothic;}{\f558\fswiss\fcharset128\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0600070205080204}@MS PGothic;}
{\f559\fswiss\fcharset128\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0600070205080204}MS UI Gothic;}{\f560\fswiss\fcharset128\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0600070205080204}@MS UI Gothic;}{\f561\froman\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}AngsanaUPC;}
{\f562\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}BrowalliaUPC;}{\f563\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}Browallia New;}{\f564\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0304020202020204}CordiaUPC;}
{\f565\froman\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}DilleniaUPC;}{\f566\froman\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}EucrosiaUPC;}{\f567\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}FreesiaUPC;}
{\f568\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}IrisUPC;}{\f569\froman\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}JasmineUPC;}{\f570\froman\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}KodchiangUPC;}
{\f571\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}LilyUPC;}{\f572\fswiss\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 050b0604020202020204}Typographic Ext;}{\f573\fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05000000000000000000}Iconic Symbols Ext;}
{\f574\fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05000000000000000000}Math Ext;}{\f575\froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05020603050405020304}Multinational Ext;}{\f576\froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05020603050405020304}Greek Symbols;}
{\f577\fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}SPSS Marker Set;}{\f578\froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05050102010607020607}MapInfo Cartographic;}{\f579\fmodern\fcharset136\fprq1{\*\panose 02020309000000000000}@MingLiU;}
{\f580\froman\fcharset136\fprq2{\*\panose 02020300000000000000}@PMingLiU;}{\f581\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}(Use Asian text font){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f582\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}PMingLiU Western{\*\falt !Ps2OcuAe};}{\f583\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Gothic Western{\*\falt ?l?r ?S?V?b?N};}
{\f584\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Gothic CE{\*\falt ?l?r ?S?V?b?N};}{\f585\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Gothic Cyr{\*\falt ?l?r ?S?V?b?N};}
{\f586\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Gothic Greek{\*\falt ?l?r ?S?V?b?N};}{\f587\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Gothic Tur{\*\falt ?l?r ?S?V?b?N};}
{\f588\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Gothic Baltic{\*\falt ?l?r ?S?V?b?N};}{\f589\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MingLiU Western{\*\falt 2OcuAe};}
{\f590\froman\fcharset163\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Times New Roman CYR (Vietnamese;}{\f591\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\f592\froman\fcharset163\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Times New Roman Greek (Vietname;}
{\f593\froman\fcharset163\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Times New Roman TUR (Vietnamese;}{\f594\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\f595\froman\fcharset163\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Times New Roman Baltic (Vietnam;}
{\f596\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}NSimSun Western;}{\f597\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@NSimSun Western;}{\f598\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PMincho Western;}
{\f599\froman\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PMincho CE;}{\f600\froman\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PMincho Cyr;}{\f601\froman\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PMincho Greek;}
{\f602\froman\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PMincho Tur;}{\f603\froman\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PMincho Baltic;}{\f604\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PMincho Western;}
{\f605\froman\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PMincho CE;}{\f606\froman\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PMincho Cyr;}{\f607\froman\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PMincho Greek;}
{\f608\froman\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PMincho Tur;}{\f609\froman\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PMincho Baltic;}{\f610\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS Gothic Western;}
{\f611\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS Gothic CE;}{\f612\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS Gothic Cyr;}{\f613\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS Gothic Greek;}
{\f614\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS Gothic Tur;}{\f615\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS Gothic Baltic;}{\f616\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PGothic Western;}
{\f617\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PGothic CE;}{\f618\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PGothic Cyr;}{\f619\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PGothic Greek;}
{\f620\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PGothic Tur;}{\f621\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PGothic Baltic;}{\f622\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PGothic Western;}
{\f623\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PGothic CE;}{\f624\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PGothic Cyr;}{\f625\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PGothic Greek;}
{\f626\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PGothic Tur;}{\f627\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PGothic Baltic;}{\f628\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS UI Gothic Western;}
{\f629\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS UI Gothic CE;}{\f630\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS UI Gothic Cyr;}{\f631\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS UI Gothic Greek;}
{\f632\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS UI Gothic Tur;}{\f633\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS UI Gothic Baltic;}{\f634\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS UI Gothic Western;}
{\f635\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS UI Gothic CE;}{\f636\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS UI Gothic Cyr;}{\f637\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS UI Gothic Greek;}
{\f638\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS UI Gothic Tur;}{\f639\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS UI Gothic Baltic;}{\f640\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Browallia New (Thai);}
{\f641\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MingLiU Western;}{\f642\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@PMingLiU Western;}
{\f643\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}????????????????????\'a1\'a7?????????;}{\f644\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Sans Serif{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f645\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0502040204020203}Segoe Media Center;}{\f646\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0702040200020203}Segoe Media Center Semibold;}{\f647\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0804030504040204}Tahoma Small Cap;}
{\f648\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Elite{\*\falt Arial};}{\f649\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}GothicPS{\*\falt Arial};}
{\f650\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}????????????\'a1\'a7???????;}{\f651\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}??????????????????\'a8\'ac?????????;}
{\f652\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}????????????????????????\'a1\'a7?????;}{\f653\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}??????????????????????\'a1\'a7???????;}
{\f654\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}CG Times (W1){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f655\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}CG Times 12pt;}
{\f656\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}????????????????????\'a8\'ac?????????;}{\f657\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}?????\'a1\'ec???;}
{\f658\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}????\'a1\'a7???;}{\f659\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Prestige;}{\f660\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}?????????????????\'a1\'ec?????????;}
{\f661\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}??????????????????\'a1\'a7??????????;}{\f662\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}o{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f663\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}ome{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f664\fnil\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Times Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f665\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Plain text{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f666\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}boscombe{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f667\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}??????????????????????????\'a8\'ac???;}{\f668\froman\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Rockwell CE;}
{\f669\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Sans Serif CE;}{\f670\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Sans Serif Cyr;}
{\f671\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Sans Serif Greek;}{\f672\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Sans Serif Tur;}
{\f673\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Sans Serif Baltic;}{\f674\froman\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Serif CE;}
{\f675\froman\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Serif Cyr;}{\f676\froman\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Serif Greek;}
{\f677\froman\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Serif Tur;}{\f678\froman\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Serif Baltic;}
{\f679\froman\fcharset163\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Serif (Vietnamese);}{\f680\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Verdana Ref CE;}{\f681\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Verdana Ref Cyr;}
{\f682\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Verdana Ref Greek;}{\f683\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Verdana Ref Tur;}{\f684\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Verdana Ref Baltic;}
{\f685\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Verdana Ref (Vietnamese);}{\f686\froman\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Georgia Ref CE;}{\f687\froman\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Georgia Ref Cyr;}
{\f688\froman\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Georgia Ref Greek;}{\f689\froman\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Georgia Ref Tur;}{\f690\froman\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Georgia Ref Baltic;}
{\f691\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Gill Sans MT CE;}{\f692\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Gill Sans MT Condensed CE;}
{\f693\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Gill Sans Ultra Bold CE;}{\f694\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000400000000000000}Sydnie;}{\f695\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Sydnie Greek;}
{\f696\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 Arial Baltic;}{\f697\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 Courier New Baltic;}{\f698\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\f699\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 Arial CE;}{\f700\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 Arial Greek;}
{\f701\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 Courier New CE;}{\f702\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 Courier New Greek;}{\f703\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Helvetica Cyr;}{\f704\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Helvetica Greek;}
{\f705\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Helvetica (Hebrew);}{\f706\fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Helvetica (Arabic);}{\f707\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Helvetica (Vietnamese);}
{\f708\froman\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Times Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f709\froman\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Times Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f710\froman\fcharset177\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Times (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f711\froman\fcharset178\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Times (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f712\froman\fcharset163\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Times (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f713\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f714\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f716\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f717\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f718\froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f719\froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f720\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f721\froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f723\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial CE;}{\f724\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial Cyr;}{\f726\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial Greek;}
{\f727\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial Tur;}{\f728\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Arial (Hebrew);}{\f729\fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Arial (Arabic);}{\f730\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial Baltic;}{\f731\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Arial (Vietnamese);}
{\f733\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 Courier New CE;}{\f734\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 Courier New Cyr;}{\f736\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 Courier New Greek;}{\f737\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 Courier New Tur;}
{\f738\fmodern\fcharset177\fprq1 Courier New (Hebrew);}{\f739\fmodern\fcharset178\fprq1 Courier New (Arabic);}{\f740\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 Courier New Baltic;}{\f741\fmodern\fcharset163\fprq1 Courier New (Vietnamese);}
{\f753\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Helvetica CE;}{\f757\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Helvetica Tur;}{\f760\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Helvetica Baltic;}{\f825\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 MS Mincho Western{\*\falt ?l?r ??\'81\'66c};}
{\f823\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 MS Mincho CE{\*\falt ?l?r ??\'81\'66c};}{\f824\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 MS Mincho Cyr{\*\falt ?l?r ??\'81\'66c};}{\f826\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 MS Mincho Greek{\*\falt ?l?r ??\'81\'66c};}
{\f827\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 MS Mincho Tur{\*\falt ?l?r ??\'81\'66c};}{\f830\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 MS Mincho Baltic{\*\falt ?l?r ??\'81\'66c};}{\f835\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 Batang Western{\*\falt \'a8\'cfoUAA};}
{\f833\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Batang CE{\*\falt \'a8\'cfoUAA};}{\f834\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Batang Cyr{\*\falt \'a8\'cfoUAA};}{\f836\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Batang Greek{\*\falt \'a8\'cfoUAA};}
{\f837\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Batang Tur{\*\falt \'a8\'cfoUAA};}{\f840\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Batang Baltic{\*\falt \'a8\'cfoUAA};}{\f845\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2 SimSun Western{\*\falt ??\'a1\'a7??};}{\f923\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Century CE;}
{\f924\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Century Cyr;}{\f926\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Century Greek;}{\f927\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Century Tur;}{\f930\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Century Baltic;}{\f935\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 Angsana New;}
{\f945\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 Cordia New;}{\f973\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Sylfaen CE;}{\f974\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Sylfaen Cyr;}{\f976\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Sylfaen Greek;}{\f977\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Sylfaen Tur;}
{\f980\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Sylfaen Baltic;}{\f1055\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS Western;}{\f1053\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS CE;}{\f1054\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS Cyr;}
{\f1056\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS Greek;}{\f1057\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS Tur;}{\f1058\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS (Hebrew);}{\f1059\fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS (Arabic);}
{\f1060\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS Baltic;}{\f1061\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS (Vietnamese);}{\f1062\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS (Thai);}{\f1063\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Tahoma CE;}
{\f1064\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Tahoma Cyr;}{\f1066\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Tahoma Greek;}{\f1067\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Tahoma Tur;}{\f1068\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Tahoma (Hebrew);}{\f1069\fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Tahoma (Arabic);}
{\f1070\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Tahoma Baltic;}{\f1071\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Tahoma (Vietnamese);}{\f1072\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 Tahoma (Thai);}{\f1073\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f1077\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f1080\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f1093\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Garamond CE;}{\f1094\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Garamond Cyr;}
{\f1096\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Garamond Greek;}{\f1097\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Garamond Tur;}{\f1100\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Garamond Baltic;}{\f1153\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 Lucida Console CE;}{\f1154\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 Lucida Console Cyr;}
{\f1156\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 Lucida Console Greek;}{\f1157\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 Lucida Console Tur;}{\f1163\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Verdana CE;}{\f1164\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Verdana Cyr;}{\f1166\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Verdana Greek;}
{\f1167\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Verdana Tur;}{\f1170\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Verdana Baltic;}{\f1171\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Verdana (Vietnamese);}{\f1173\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial Black CE;}{\f1174\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial Black Cyr;}
{\f1176\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial Black Greek;}{\f1177\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial Black Tur;}{\f1180\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial Black Baltic;}{\f1183\fscript\fcharset238\fprq2 Comic Sans MS CE;}
{\f1184\fscript\fcharset204\fprq2 Comic Sans MS Cyr;}{\f1186\fscript\fcharset161\fprq2 Comic Sans MS Greek;}{\f1187\fscript\fcharset162\fprq2 Comic Sans MS Tur;}{\f1190\fscript\fcharset186\fprq2 Comic Sans MS Baltic;}
{\f1193\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Impact CE;}{\f1194\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Impact Cyr;}{\f1196\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Impact Greek;}{\f1197\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Impact Tur;}{\f1200\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Impact Baltic;}
{\f1203\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Georgia CE;}{\f1204\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Georgia Cyr;}{\f1206\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Georgia Greek;}{\f1207\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Georgia Tur;}{\f1210\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Georgia Baltic;}
{\f1213\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium CE;}{\f1214\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium Cyr;}{\f1216\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium Greek;}{\f1217\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium Tur;}
{\f1220\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium Baltic;}{\f1223\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Palatino Linotype CE;}{\f1224\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Palatino Linotype Cyr;}{\f1226\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Palatino Linotype Greek;}
{\f1227\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Palatino Linotype Tur;}{\f1230\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Palatino Linotype Baltic;}{\f1231\froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Palatino Linotype (Vietnamese);}{\f1233\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Trebuchet MS CE;}
{\f1234\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Trebuchet MS Cyr;}{\f1236\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Trebuchet MS Greek;}{\f1237\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Trebuchet MS Tur;}{\f1240\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Trebuchet MS Baltic;}
{\f1263\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Microsoft Sans Serif CE;}{\f1264\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Microsoft Sans Serif Cyr;}{\f1266\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Microsoft Sans Serif Greek;}{\f1267\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Microsoft Sans Serif Tur;}
{\f1268\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Microsoft Sans Serif (Hebrew);}{\f1269\fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Microsoft Sans Serif (Arabic);}{\f1270\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Microsoft Sans Serif Baltic;}
{\f1271\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Microsoft Sans Serif (Vietnamese);}{\f1272\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 Microsoft Sans Serif (Thai);}{\f1276\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Alba Greek;}{\f1286\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Alba Matter Greek;}
{\f1296\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Alba Super Greek;}{\f1306\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Baby Kruffy Greek;}{\f1316\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Chick Greek;}{\f1326\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Croobie Greek;}{\f1346\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Freshbot Greek;}
{\f1356\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Frosty Greek;}{\f1366\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 GlooGun Greek;}{\f1376\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Jenkins v2.0 Greek;}{\f1416\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Pussycat Greek;}{\f1426\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Weltron Urban Greek;}
{\f1433\fscript\fcharset238\fprq2 Mistral CE;}{\f1434\fscript\fcharset204\fprq2 Mistral Cyr;}{\f1436\fscript\fcharset161\fprq2 Mistral Greek;}{\f1437\fscript\fcharset162\fprq2 Mistral Tur;}{\f1440\fscript\fcharset186\fprq2 Mistral Baltic;}
{\f1443\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Lucida Sans Unicode CE;}{\f1444\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Lucida Sans Unicode Cyr;}{\f1446\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Lucida Sans Unicode Greek;}{\f1447\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Lucida Sans Unicode Tur;}
{\f1448\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Lucida Sans Unicode (Hebrew);}{\f1563\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Book CE;}{\f1564\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Book Cyr;}{\f1566\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Book Greek;}
{\f1567\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Book Tur;}{\f1570\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Book Baltic;}{\f1573\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Demi CE;}{\f1574\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Demi Cyr;}
{\f1576\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Demi Greek;}{\f1577\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Demi Tur;}{\f1580\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Demi Baltic;}{\f1583\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium Cond CE;}
{\f1584\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium Cond Cyr;}{\f1586\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium Cond Greek;}{\f1587\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium Cond Tur;}
{\f1590\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium Cond Baltic;}{\f1603\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Century Gothic CE;}{\f1604\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Century Gothic Cyr;}{\f1606\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Century Gothic Greek;}
{\f1607\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Century Gothic Tur;}{\f1610\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Century Gothic Baltic;}{\f1725\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS Western;}{\f1723\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS CE;}
{\f1724\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS Cyr;}{\f1726\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS Greek;}{\f1727\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS Tur;}{\f1728\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS (Hebrew);}
{\f1729\fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS (Arabic);}{\f1730\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS Baltic;}{\f1731\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS (Vietnamese);}{\f1732\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS (Thai);}
{\f1735\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 @Batang Western;}{\f1733\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 @Batang CE;}{\f1734\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 @Batang Cyr;}{\f1736\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 @Batang Greek;}{\f1737\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 @Batang Tur;}
{\f1740\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 @Batang Baltic;}{\f1743\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Book Antiqua CE;}{\f1744\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Book Antiqua Cyr;}{\f1746\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Book Antiqua Greek;}{\f1747\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Book Antiqua Tur;}
{\f1750\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Book Antiqua Baltic;}{\f1753\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Bookman Old Style CE;}{\f1754\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Bookman Old Style Cyr;}{\f1756\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Bookman Old Style Greek;}
{\f1757\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Bookman Old Style Tur;}{\f1760\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Bookman Old Style Baltic;}{\f1763\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Haettenschweiler CE;}{\f1764\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Haettenschweiler Cyr;}
{\f1766\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Haettenschweiler Greek;}{\f1767\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Haettenschweiler Tur;}{\f1770\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Haettenschweiler Baltic;}{\f1775\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 @MS Mincho Western;}
{\f1773\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 @MS Mincho CE;}{\f1774\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 @MS Mincho Cyr;}{\f1776\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 @MS Mincho Greek;}{\f1777\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 @MS Mincho Tur;}{\f1780\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 @MS Mincho Baltic;}
{\f1793\fscript\fcharset238\fprq2 Monotype Corsiva CE;}{\f1794\fscript\fcharset204\fprq2 Monotype Corsiva Cyr;}{\f1796\fscript\fcharset161\fprq2 Monotype Corsiva Greek;}{\f1797\fscript\fcharset162\fprq2 Monotype Corsiva Tur;}
{\f1800\fscript\fcharset186\fprq2 Monotype Corsiva Baltic;}{\f1805\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2 @SimSun Western;}{\f1823\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial Narrow CE;}{\f1824\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial Narrow Cyr;}
{\f1826\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial Narrow Greek;}{\f1827\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial Narrow Tur;}{\f1830\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial Narrow Baltic;}{\f1883\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Albertus Medium CE;}
{\f1887\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Albertus Medium Tur;}{\f1890\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Albertus Medium Baltic;}{\f1893\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Albertus CE;}{\f1897\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Albertus Tur;}{\f1900\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Albertus Baltic;}
{\f1903\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Albertus Extra Bold CE;}{\f1907\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Albertus Extra Bold Tur;}{\f1910\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Albertus Extra Bold Baltic;}{\f1913\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 ITC Avant Garde Gothic CE;}
{\f1917\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 ITC Avant Garde Gothic Tur;}{\f1920\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 ITC Avant Garde Gothic Baltic;}{\f1923\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 ITC Avant Garde Gothic Demi CE;}
{\f1927\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 ITC Avant Garde Gothic Demi Tur;}{\f1930\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 ITC Avant Garde Gothic Demi Baltic;}{\f1933\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 ITC Bookman Light CE;}{\f1937\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 ITC Bookman Light Tur;}
{\f1940\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 ITC Bookman Light Baltic;}{\f1943\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 ITC Bookman Demi CE;}{\f1947\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 ITC Bookman Demi Tur;}{\f1950\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 ITC Bookman Demi Baltic;}
{\f1953\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 CG Omega CE;}{\f1957\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 CG Omega Tur;}{\f1960\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 CG Omega Baltic;}{\f1963\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 CG Times CE;}{\f1967\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 CG Times Tur;}
{\f1970\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 CG Times Baltic;}{\f1973\fscript\fcharset238\fprq2 ITC Zapf Chancery CE;}{\f1977\fscript\fcharset162\fprq2 ITC Zapf Chancery Tur;}{\f1980\fscript\fcharset186\fprq2 ITC Zapf Chancery Baltic;}
{\f1983\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Clarendon CE;}{\f1987\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Clarendon Tur;}{\f1990\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Clarendon Baltic;}{\f1993\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Clarendon Condensed CE;}
{\f1997\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Clarendon Condensed Tur;}{\f2000\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Clarendon Condensed Baltic;}{\f2003\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Clarendon Extended CE;}{\f2007\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Clarendon Extended Tur;}
{\f2010\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Clarendon Extended Baltic;}{\f2013\fscript\fcharset238\fprq2 Coronet CE;}{\f2017\fscript\fcharset162\fprq2 Coronet Tur;}{\f2020\fscript\fcharset186\fprq2 Coronet Baltic;}{\f2023\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 CourierPS CE;}
{\f2027\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 CourierPS Tur;}{\f2030\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 CourierPS Baltic;}{\f2043\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Helvetica Narrow CE;}{\f2047\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Helvetica Narrow Tur;}
{\f2050\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Helvetica Narrow Baltic;}{\f2053\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 Letter Gothic CE;}{\f2057\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 Letter Gothic Tur;}{\f2060\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 Letter Gothic Baltic;}
{\f2063\fscript\fcharset238\fprq2 Marigold CE;}{\f2067\fscript\fcharset162\fprq2 Marigold Tur;}{\f2070\fscript\fcharset186\fprq2 Marigold Baltic;}{\f2073\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 New Century Schoolbook CE;}
{\f2077\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 New Century Schoolbook Tur;}{\f2080\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 New Century Schoolbook Baltic;}{\f2083\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Antique Olive CE;}{\f2087\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Antique Olive Tur;}
{\f2090\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Antique Olive Baltic;}{\f2093\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Antique Olive Compact CE;}{\f2097\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Antique Olive Compact Tur;}{\f2100\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Antique Olive Compact Baltic;}
{\f2103\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Palatino CE{\*\falt Book Antiqua};}{\f2107\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Palatino Tur{\*\falt Book Antiqua};}{\f2110\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Palatino Baltic{\*\falt Book Antiqua};}{\f2123\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Univers CE;}
{\f2127\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Univers Tur;}{\f2130\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Univers Baltic;}{\f2133\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Univers Condensed CE;}{\f2137\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Univers Condensed Tur;}
{\f2140\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Univers Condensed Baltic;}{\f6113\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CYR CE;}{\f6114\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman CYR Cyr;}{\f6116\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman CYR Greek;}
{\f6117\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman CYR Tur;}{\f6118\froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman CYR (Hebrew);}{\f6119\froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman CYR (Arabic);}{\f6120\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman CYR Baltic;}
{\f6121\froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman CYR (Vietnamese);}{\f6123\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman TUR CE;}{\f6124\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman TUR Cyr;}{\f6126\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman TUR Greek;}
{\f6127\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman TUR Tur;}{\f6128\froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman TUR (Hebrew);}{\f6129\froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman TUR (Arabic);}{\f6130\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman TUR Baltic;}
{\f6131\froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman TUR (Vietnamese);}{\f6133\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial CYR CE;}{\f6134\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial CYR Cyr;}{\f6136\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial CYR Greek;}
{\f6137\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial CYR Tur;}{\f6138\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Arial CYR (Hebrew);}{\f6139\fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Arial CYR (Arabic);}{\f6140\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial CYR Baltic;}
{\f6141\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Arial CYR (Vietnamese);}{\f6143\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial TUR CE;}{\f6144\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial TUR Cyr;}{\f6146\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial TUR Greek;}{\f6147\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial TUR Tur;}
{\f6148\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Arial TUR (Hebrew);}{\f6149\fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Arial TUR (Arabic);}{\f6150\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial TUR Baltic;}{\f6151\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Arial TUR (Vietnamese);}
{\f6153\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 Courier New CYR CE;}{\f6154\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 Courier New CYR Cyr;}{\f6156\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 Courier New CYR Greek;}{\f6157\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 Courier New CYR Tur;}
{\f6158\fmodern\fcharset177\fprq1 Courier New CYR (Hebrew);}{\f6159\fmodern\fcharset178\fprq1 Courier New CYR (Arabic);}{\f6160\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 Courier New CYR Baltic;}{\f6161\fmodern\fcharset163\fprq1 Courier New CYR (Vietnamese);}
{\f6163\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 Courier New TUR CE;}{\f6164\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 Courier New TUR Cyr;}{\f6166\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 Courier New TUR Greek;}{\f6167\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 Courier New TUR Tur;}
{\f6168\fmodern\fcharset177\fprq1 Courier New TUR (Hebrew);}{\f6169\fmodern\fcharset178\fprq1 Courier New TUR (Arabic);}{\f6170\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 Courier New TUR Baltic;}{\f6171\fmodern\fcharset163\fprq1 Courier New TUR (Vietnamese);}
{\f6623\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek CE;}{\f6624\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek Cyr;}{\f6626\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek Greek;}{\f6627\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek Tur;}
{\f6628\froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek (Hebrew);}{\f6629\froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek (Arabic);}{\f6630\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek Baltic;}
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\tx1134\tx1418\tx9781\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1134\itap0\pararsid335287 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid335287 NOTES
\par }{\insrsid335287\charrsid460933 (version 1a)}{\insrsid335287 
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid335287 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cf1\insrsid335287 WHEN QUOTING from the manuscripts of Great Domesday and the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 
Liber Exoniensis}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , the abbreviated forms are retained wherever possible, or the extensions to them are enclosed in square brackets; only where there is no doubt is the Latin extended silently.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 CORNWALL. The main scribe of Great Domesday wrote the running title for this county in vermilion capitals across the top of each page, centred above both columns, using the form }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 CORNVALGIE.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 on folio 120ab and the form }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 CORNVALGE.}{\cf1\insrsid335287  on the remaining folios 120cd-125ab. He used the form }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 CORNVALIA.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 in the Landholders' List on folio 120a. There is no running title on folio 125cd because it is blank.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid335287 {\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 1\tab LAND OF THE KING. }{\insrsid335287 
King William was born in 1027 or 1028, the son of Robert I, Duke of Normandy, and Arlette, daughter of Fulbert the tanner of Falaise. Duke of Normandy from 1035 to 1087, William seized the English throne in 1066 having defeated the uncrowned English King 
Harold, son of Godwin, at the battle of Hastings. William himself was crowned in Westminster Abbey on 25}{\insrsid335287 th}{\insrsid335287 
 December 1066 and ruled England until his death in 1087. In 1050 or 1051 he married Matilda, daughter of Baldwin V, Count of Flanders; she predeceased
 him. Among his children were Robert Curthose, William Rufus, Henry, Cecilia (Abbess of Caen), and Constance (married to Count Alan of Brittany). He was succeeded in Normandy by his son Robert Curthose and in England first by his son William Rufus (Willia
m II, 1087-1100), then by his son Henry (Henry I, 1100-1135).
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab The chapter is divided into lands that had been held by Earl Harold (1,1-12), and those that had been held by Brictric [son of Algar] and subsequently by Queen Matilda (1,14-19), which also pas
sed to the king on her death in 1083. This division is explained by the heading at 1,13, between the two groups of lands. Harold's lands pay 'by weight' or by money 'weighed and assayed', whereas Brictric's holding at 'Connerton' (1,14) pays 'at face valu
e', as normally.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab 
In Exon the division is the same, though the two parts (Exon 99a-102b, under the heading 'The King's Lordship Lands in Cornwall'; 111b-112a, under the heading 'Land of Queen Matilda in Cornwall') are separated by an account of some of the
 royal lands in Somerset and Devon. Within them the order is the same except for the displacement of Rinsey among the members of Winnianton (1,1; see 1,1 Count \'85 Rinsey note) and the promotion of Trevalga (1,17) from last place (after 1,19).
\par \tab \tab The lands of Harold are entered in the following hundredal groups both in Great Domesday and in Exon:
\par \tab \tab \tab 1,1-2 Winnianton Hundred
\par \tab \tab \tab 1,3 'Tybesta' Hundred
\par \tab \tab \tab 1,4-6 Stratton Hundred
\par \tab \tab \tab 1,7 Fawton Hundred
\par }\pard \ql \fi-2160\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\faauto\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid335287 {\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab \tab 1,8-12 Rillaton Hundred, though 1,11 Roseworthy in 'Connerton' intrudes (see 1,11 Roseworthy note).
\par }\pard \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid335287 {\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab There is no obvious sequence of hundreds in the lands formerly held by Brictric (1,14-19).
\par \tab \tab In the Tax Returns in the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Liber Exoniensis }{\cf1\insrsid335287 (folios 72a-7
3a) for all the hundreds where there is royal land, tax is said to have been withheld by Baldwin the sheriff (of Devon). Except in 'Tybesta' and 'Connerton' Hundreds the land concerned is said to have been [Earl] Harold's. The only royal estate in 'Tybest
a' Hundred had also been Harold's. In the case of 'Connerton' Hundred it is the 1086 holder (King William) who is mentioned. In virtually every case Baldwin is said to be 'looking after' these estates (Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 servat}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 ) or 'looking after them under the king's hand' (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 servat sub manu regis}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
), that is 'for the king'. The penultimate entry in the Tax Returns (separated from Pawton Hundred by a space within which is an erasure) is a 'summary' (folio 73a) stating that Baldwin was holding }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 sub manu regis}{
\cf1\insrsid335287  both Harold's and Brictric's lands and owed \'a34 13s on the former and 27s 6d on the latter.
\par \tab \tab It seems probable therefore that Baldwin was overseeing all the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terra Regis}{\cf1\insrsid335287  in Cornwall or perhaps farming it as he was some of the royal land in Devon that had formerly been held
 by Countess Gytha (DEV 1,29-30;33-34). However, it seems that Walter of Claville and Gotshelm (apparently his brother: Finn,}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  Liber Exoniensis}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
, p. 79) were also concerned with the royal land. According to the Tax Returns, Walter of Claville is said to be l
ooking after the land of the same Brictric in Stratton Hundred for which he has failed to pay tax on 1 hide. This must account for the estate at Trevalga (1,17) which had 1 hide but paid tax for \'bd
 hide, but also for other unidentified land in the hundred u
nless Trevalga's tax-burden had changed. In the case of 'Connerton' Hundred no tax has been paid on 3 hides of the king's land which Walter of Claville is said to be looking after, and none on 1 hide less \'bd
 furlong being looked after by Gotshelm. In addition, Walter of Claville is said to owe 12d and Baldwin has paid no tax on the 1 hide of king's taxable land in that hundred. The }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terra Regis}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 in 'Connerton' Hundred was at Roseworthy (1,11) formerly held by Harold, as well as at 'Connerton' itself (1,14) and
 at Binnerton (1,16) formerly held by Brictric. It is possible that Baldwin was holding Harold's land (Roseworthy taxed at 1 hide, the amount he owed) in this hundred as elsewhere and that Walter and Gotshelm were holding Brictric's former estates of 'Con
n
erton' and Binnerton. 'Connerton' paid tax for 3 hides and Binnerton for 4 hides, so not all the tax was being withheld by Gotshelm. Since Walter and Gotshelm do not appear in the 'summary' in the Tax Returns and Baldwin is there accounting for both Harol
d
's and Brictric's former lands, it is possible that Walter and Gotshelm were holding from Baldwin or acting for him. It may be that they were managing Brictric's other former estates as well but, as they were not withholding tax, they are not mentioned in
 the relevant Tax Returns. Walter of Claville is also said in Great Domesday to be holding 1 virgate of Brictric's land (1,19), but the hundred cannot be deduced for this unnamed entry.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 1,1\tab [Exon 99a1; Terrae Occupatae 508b1]
\par \tab WINNIANTON. This was a settlement in Breage Ancient Parish, later in Gunwalloe Civil Parish. Gunwalloe itself was formerly a chapelry of Breage. Winnianton was the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 caput}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 of a hundred and a major royal manor apparently of the multiple estate type. By 1086, many of its members had be
en removed by the Count of Mortain and it is possible that these were only following earlier alienations or grants which were fully incorporated in the Count of Mortain's fief by 1086. In this case the hundred and manor might at one time been have been ne
a
rly co-extensive. The few lay holdings in the hundred could all have derived from the royal manor. Of the four ecclesiastical estates, Treliever and Methleigh held by the Bishop of Exeter (2,1-2) could have been granted from the manor's lands. Only lands 
of St Keverne and St Constantine, early Celtic churches (4,23;29), might have preceded the royal manor established by the kings of Wessex.
\par \tab \tab In a grant of land to the Church of St Michael's Mount (4,1), King Edward gave among others }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Vennesire}{\cf1\insrsid335287 . It is possibl
e that this was in origin a pre-hundredal 'small shire' like Triggshire, centred on Winnianton. If so, the grant was very large. However, it did not take effect and the charter itself is doubtful; see 4,1 St Michael's note and \{Introduction: Hundreds\}.

\par \tab \tab A
 number of the named parts of Winnianton lay in a loosely defined area called Meneage ('monkish land') generally reckoned to include the Ancient Parishes of St Keverne, St Mawgan-in-Meneage, St Martin-in-Meneage, Manaccan and St Anthony-in-Meneage. Lesnea
ge in St Keverne ('court (Cornish }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 lys}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
) of the Meneage') may have been the administrative centre of this Celtic district. Much or all of it was held by the church and monastery of St Keverne (St Achebran), the presence of whose monks may have led to the area
 being called Meneage. St Keverne's monks are more likely than those of St Michael's Mount since the name is first found }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 c}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
. 967 and St Michael's appears not to have acquired a holding on the mainland until the eleventh century; see Padel, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Cornish Place-Names}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 119; Olson, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Early Monasteries in Cornwall}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 , pp. 108-109; and 4,1 St Michael's note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab Important though St Keverne may have been, by 1086 that church only possessed 11 acres of land, though there was land for 7 ploughs (4,23). Several parts of its fo
rmer holding seem to be among the members of Winnianton manor in 1086, and it is possible that earlier kings of Wessex had expanded the manor of Winnianton by swallowing the land of St Keverne, or created a manor from a number of discrete Celtic elements.
 
Winnianton itself is in Breage Ancient Parish, which is not usually counted as a part of Meneage. Certainly in 967 King Edgar gave land at Lesneage and Pennare (both in St Keverne) to Wulfnoth Rumuncant 'his faithful vassal'. The bounds have not been full
y identified, but it is probable that they encompassed Roscarnon (recorded later in 1,1) which may represent it in Domesday; see Sawyer, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , no. 755; }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 
Early Charters of Devon and Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 18 no. 84; Hooke, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Charter Bounds of Devon and Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 37.
\par \tab \tab A further grant, this time by King Edward to Aethelweard his }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 comes}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 in 977, involved Traboe, Trevallack, and Grudgwith in St Keverne and Trethewey in St Martin-in-Meneage. It looks as if the bounds would have included Trembraze (recorded later in 1,1), which perhaps stood for the others in 1086; see Sawyer, }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , no. 832; }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Early Charters of Devon and Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 18 no. 90; Hooke, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Charter Bounds of Devon and Cornwall}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 47. These same estates were subsequently given in 1059 by King Edward to Bishop Ealdred (of Herefordshire and Worcestershire 1056-1060), though the grant seems not to have lasted; see Sawyer, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 
Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , no. 1027; }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Early Charters of Devon and Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 19 no. 9; Hooke, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Charter Bounds of Devon and Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 68.
\par \tab \tab Two other places, Trelan and Trenance (both recorded later in 1,1) lay in St Keverne and are among the members of Winnianton.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab OF WHICH. Here and elsewhere in this phrase in Great Domesday the Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 De ea }{\cf1\insrsid335287 ('of it') refers back to }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 terra }{\cf1\insrsid335287 ('
land'), not to the last-mentioned noun }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 car}{\cf1\insrsid335287 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 ucas}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ] ('ploughs'), in the preceding plough estimate.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab THE VILLAGERS HAVE 3 HIDES AND 24 PLOUGHS. This comes straight from Exon 99a1, 'villagers' being used as a general term for the inhabitants of a village. In E
xon their holding of land and ploughs is regularly given after the lordship land and ploughs, and before the detail of villagers and smallholders, but see 4,4 villagers note. The main scribe of Great Domesday on the other hand included their ploughs after
 the list of 'villagers' and in Cornwall never gave their land. See 1,7 smallholders note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab CATTLE. Exon }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 animalia}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\cf1\insrsid335287 commonly called }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 animalia otiosa }{\cf1\insrsid335287 
('idle animals') elsewhere (for example, Exon 174 b4 = SOM 2,7), that is, beef or dairy cattle (see 1,6 cows 
note), in contrast to ploughing oxen, although occasionally in Exon they seem to be oxen (see 4,23 plough note). Cattle and other animals were generally omitted from Great Domesday, though sometimes they were mistakenly not eliminated when the original re
t
urns were abstracted (see GLS 3,7 and GLS 3,7 animal note), and sometimes, as probably in WOR 19,9, LEC 42,10 and possibly in KEN 5,85 and NTH 48,13, they took the place of the plough-team statement. Sometimes, too, they may have been included to make a p
articular point, as probably in HRT 31,8 where a catalogue of livestock etc. is given for land wrongfully appropriated by Bishop Odo. Compare DEV 1,41 animal note on the moorland pasture dues from }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 animalia}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ,}{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\cf1\insrsid335287 though it is possible that these included sheep as well.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 
[!1! A YEAR !1!]. Although the 1086 payments and values of holdings were probably all annual, this is by no means always mentioned specifically in Exon. One particular scribe, who contributed to the material for Cornwall and who has been identifie
d as coming from Salisbury scriptorium (see CON 5 arrangement note), included it for most of the entries that he wrote here, but it was also included sometimes by other Exon scribes, as here.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab WEIGHED AND ASSAYED. Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 ad pondus 7 arsuram}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ; other forms of the Latin appear elsewhere in Domesday as }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 ad pensum 7 }{\cf1\insrsid335287 (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 
ad}{\cf1\insrsid335287 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  arsuram/combustionem}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , and }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 ad pensam 7 }{\cf1\insrsid335287 (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 ad}{\cf1\insrsid335287 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  arsuram}{\cf1\insrsid335287 .}{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\cf1\insrsid335287 The money was weighed to avoid losses due to the clipping of coins or wear, and a
ssayed, that is tested by fire for the presence of alloy, a similar process to blanching (see DOR 1,1 blanched note). Any deficiency was then made good. Sometimes the coins were not actually melted down, but an extra number of pence were required to be pa
id in compensation for any loss; this was achieved by using an "ora"}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\cf1\insrsid335287 of 20d instead of the normal "ora"}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\cf1\insrsid335287 
of 16d. Payment made in coin that had been subjected to these methods was the opposite of payment 'at face value'. See }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Dialogus de Scaccario }{\cf1\insrsid335287 (Johnson, pp
. xxxviii-xxxix, 125); Harvey, 'Royal Revenue and Domesday Terminology'; Grierson, 'The Monetary System under William I', pp. 75-76 (= Erskine and Williams, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 The Story of Domesday Book}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , pp. 112-114).}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 
COUNT OF MORTAIN. On Robert, Count of Mortain, see CON 5 count note. Great Domesday does not make clear whether the Count of Mortain is holding legitimately, or whether this is one of his many encroachments (CON 5 count note). However, for almost all thes
e
 members of Winnianton it is stated in Exon 225b-227a (see 1,1 11 hides note) that they are or were part of the king's lordship manor of Winnianton. This information was interlined three times, though by the scribe of the entry. The estates that are said 
to have been part of Winnianton may have been alienated at an earlier stage than those for which the present tense is used in Exon. Moreover, the fact that there is an entry in the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
, translated below, strongly suggests illegality.
\par \tab \tab }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae}{\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\insrsid335287 
508b1: From the king's manor which is called Winnianton have been taken away 22 manors, which 17 thanes held in 1066, who could not be separated from this manor. The men of the Count of Mortain hold them from the count. Value of them \'a39 8s a year.

\par \tab \tab The 22 manors would be those listed in 1,1 including the two holdings at Rinsey. Their value does not agree with the values of the Rinsey holdings (15s and 10s) plus the total of \'a36 14s given for the other holdings.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 11 HIDES. They are detailed further on in 1,1 and amount to 10 \'bd
 hides and 7 acres; if there were 12 acres to a hide (see 1,1 acre note), the total would be 11 hides and 1 acre. Most of these lands are entered twice in Exon and are translated in the notes for the relevant holdings. They app
ear under 'The Lands of the Count of Mortain in Cornwall' (225b2\endash 
227a5) and, in a slightly fuller form, under 'The King's Lordship Lands in Cornwall' (99a1-100b1). Under the count's lands in Exon there is no mention of the count's lordship holding in Rinse
y, nor of the estate at 'Crawle', nor of the last four members of Winnianton (Treworder?, Roscarnon, Treal and Treveador?). As the Exon scribe responsible for writing up the account of these members of Winnianton under the count's lands left three quarter
s of a page blank after detailing Tredower and before continuing with his holdings in Fawton Hundred on 228a, it is possible that he was awaiting their details. There are also differences in the order of holdings in the accounts in Exon and in 1,1.
\par \tab \tab Moreov
er, there are several discrepancies of detail between the Exon accounts and 1,1. The most interesting is that in the entries for Skewes to Halliggye (99a2-100a1, under the king's lordship lands) the figures given as tax assessments are the same as the hid
a
ge figures given in 1,1 and under the count's lands, whereas the taxable amounts, provided in the latter, are considerably less (see 1,2 hides note). For the remaining entries under the king's lordship lands (100a2-100b1, for Bojorrow to Treveador?) the h
i
dage is given and this corresponds to the hidage in 1,1 and in the count's fief (but see below on Trelan). There are also differences in the two Exon accounts in the 1086 values of Trenance, Garah? and Mawgan and the value 'when acquired' of Trembraze; th
i
s may be due to changes that took place between the entering of the lands of the king and of the Count of Mortain, or because there were two returns, one from the royal manor of Winnianton listing its losses (and perhaps in arrears on the detail), the oth
e
r from the Count of Mortain himself. The 4 acres of Trelan in 1,1 and in 100a5 are 1 virgate and 1 acre in 227a3, though this may not be a discrepancy (see 1,1 acre note). Finally, the plough estimate in Trembraze given in 99b2 is not mentioned in 226a2. 
For a discussion of the sources of the two accounts of these alienated royal holdings, see Galbraith, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Making of Domesday Book}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , pp. 117-20.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab RINSEY. Rinsey was a settlement in Breage Ancient Parish.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab THE COUNT HAS A MANOR CALLED RINSEY. In Exon this entry
 does not occur among the Count of Mortain's holdings, but only in the king's lordship lands, falling between Treworder? and Roscarnon in the list of Winnianton's members. The main scribe of Great Domesday probably separated it out from the list and put i
t at its head because the count held it in lordship. The translation is as follows:
\par \tab \tab Exon 100a8: }{\insrsid335287 The aforesaid count has in his lordship a manor which is called Rinsey. There is 1 virgate of land. 2 ploughs can plough it. Value 15s a year; value when the count acquired it, 12s.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 
WULFWARD <OF RINSEY> HOLDS A MANOR, RINSEY. Rinsey was a settlement in Breage Ancient Parish. A Wulfward held another part of what is probably Rinsey (5,24,6). The translation of the two occurrences of this holding in Exon is as follows:
\par \tab \tab Exon 99a1: }{\insrsid335287 Of these 11 hides Wulfward holds from the count a manor which is called Rinsey; in it there is 1 hide of land. 12 ploughs can plough it. Wulfward and his villagers have (}{\i\insrsid335287 h't}{\insrsid335287 
, the normal abbreviation for the singular }{\i\insrsid335287 habet}{\insrsid335287 , instead of the plural }{\i\insrsid335287 h'nt = habent}{\insrsid335287 ) 1 plough, and 1 cow and 30 sheep, and 8 freedmen and 4 slaves, and \'bd
 league of pasture in length and as much in width. Value 10s a year; value when the count acquired it, 40s.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\insrsid335287 \tab \tab Exon 225b2: The Count of Mortain has a manor which is called Rinsey, in which there is 1 hide of land. It paid tax for \'bd
 virgate. Wulfward holds it from the count. 12 ploughs can plough it. Of it Wulfward has 1 virgate and 2 oxen, and the villagers [have] 3 virgates and 1 plough. W[ulfward] has there 8 freedmen and 4 slaves, and 1 cow and 30 sheep, and \'bd
 league of pasture in length and as much in width. Value 10s a year; value when the count acquired it, 40s. This manor is [part] of the king's lordship manor which is called Winnianton.
\par \tab \tab On the use in both entries of 'villagers' in a general sense, although no villagers were actually mentioned, see 1,7 smallholders note.
\par \tab \tab The entry at Exon 99a1 occurs immediately after the statement that the Count of Mortain has 11 hides of the 15 hides (of Winnianton). The d
etails are fuller than those given under the king's lordship land for the remaining holdings (Skewes to Trevedor?), and the main scribe of Great Domesday reproduced this format.
\par \tab \tab }{\cf1\insrsid335287 The two holdings of Wulfward in Rinsey in 1086 evidently belonged to one ind
ividual, as also that at Treveador (1,1) in the same manor as one of the Rinsey holdings. No other Wulfwards are recorded in Cornwall; and no other Anglo-Saxon survivors bearing the name occur within 150 miles of Rinsey. Given the modest scale of the Corn
ish holdings, it is improbable that their holder is to be identified with any of the Wulfwards recorded elsewhere in Domesday Book (JP).}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\insrsid335287 \tab WULFWARD }{\cf1\insrsid335287 <OF RINSEY>}{\insrsid335287  HAS 1 PLOUGH. This plough is attributed to Wulfward and his villagers in Exon 99a1, while in Exon
 225b2 he has 2 oxen and the villagers have 1 plough. On the discounting of oxen by the main scribe of Great Domesday, see 4,13 plough note. On the use of villagers in a general sense, see 1,1 villagers note.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab SKEWES. This was a settlement in Cury Ancient Parish. The translation of the two occurrences of this holding in Exon is as follows:
\par }{\insrsid335287 \tab \tab Exon 99a2: Kenred holds another manor which is called Skewes; it paid tax for 1 virgate. 1 plough can plough it, but it is now waste. Value when the count acquired it, 15s.
\par \tab \tab Exon 225b3: The count has a manor which is called Skewes. In it there is 1 virgate of land; it paid tax for 1 furlong. 1 plough can plough it. Kenred holds it from the count and it is completely waste. Value when the count acquired it, 15s. }{
\i\insrsid335287 T.R.E.}{\insrsid335287  this was [part] of the king's manor which is called Winnianton.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab BLETCU HOLDS. }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Blechu}{\cf1\insrsid335287  here; }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Blecu }{\cf1\insrsid335287 in Exon 99a3;}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  Bletcu}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 in Exon 225b4. This is probably the same name as Old Welsh }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Bleidcu }{\cf1\insrsid335287 (see, for example, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 The Book of Llan Dav}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 155) and as Old Cornish }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Bledcuf}
{\cf1\insrsid335287 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  Bleydcuf }{\cf1\insrsid335287 (see}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  Revue Celtique}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\cf1\insrsid335287 1 (1880-1882), pp. 335, 337). This is his only holding in Domesday.}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab TRENANCE. This was a settlement in Mullion Ancient Parish. The translation of the two occurrences of this holding in Exon is as follows:
\par \tab \tab Exon }{\insrsid335287 99a3: Bletcu holds a manor which is called Trenance, which paid tax for \'bd hide. 4 ploughs can plough it. Value 30d a year; value when the count acquired it, 20s.
\par \tab \tab Exon 225b4: The count has a manor which is called Trenance. In it there is \'bd hide; it paid t
ax for 1 furlong. 4 ploughs can plough it. Bletcu holds it from the count. B[letcu] has 2 slaves, and 10 sheep. Value 2s a year; [value] when the count acquired it, 20s. This is [part] of the king's lordship manor which is called Winnianton.}{
\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab GODWIN. A man of this name is among those holding from the count (5,24,12).}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab GARAH?. This was a settlement in Mullion Ancient Parish. The translation of the two occurrences of this holding in Exon is as follows:
\par \tab \tab Exon}{\insrsid335287  99b1: Godwin has another manor which is called Garah?, which paid tax }{\i\insrsid335287 T.R.E.}{\insrsid335287 
 for the third part of 1 virgate. 1 plough can plough it. Value 5s a year; value when the count acquired it, 15s.
\par \tab \tab Exon 226a1: The count has a manor which is called Garah? In it there is the third part of 1 virgate; it paid tax for \'bd
 furlong. 1 plough can plough it. Godwin holds it from the count. G[odwin] has there 1 slave, 7 cattle, 1 cob and 10 sheep, and \'bd league of pasture in length and as much in width. Value 10s a year; value when the count acquired it, 15s. This was [par
t] of the king's lordship manor which is called Winnianton.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab BRICTSI <OF TREMBRAZE>.}{\insrsid335287  The Domesday forms of this name - }{\i\insrsid335287 Brixi}{\insrsid335287 , }{\i\insrsid335287 Bricsi}{\insrsid335287 , }{\i\insrsid335287 Bricsi}{\insrsid335287 [}{\i\insrsid335287 us}{
\insrsid335287 ], }{\i\insrsid335287 Brixi}{\insrsid335287 [}{\i\insrsid335287 us}{\insrsid335287 ], }{\i\insrsid335287 Brixe}{\insrsid335287  - represent Old English }{\i\insrsid335287 Beorhtsige}{\insrsid335287 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid335287 
Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid335287 , p. 198. JRM preferred the first element Brict- for Old English }{\i\insrsid335287 Beorht-}{\insrsid335287  and the second element -si for Old English }{\i\insrsid335287 -sige}{\insrsid335287 
, as they reflected more closely the Domesday spelling. The Alecto edition has Beorhtsige.
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab A man of this name is given as the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 T.R.E.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 holder of certain lands that were held in 1086 by Iovin under the Count of Mortain (5,7,7-8;10); there is no other mention in Domesday Cornwall of a Brictsi holding in 1086.}{\insrsid335287 
\par \tab \tab The name Brictsi occurs four times in Cornwall, each time on the fief of the 
Count of Mortain. The 1086 tenant of a tiny property near the Lizard was the only survivor of that name. He might have been the same man as the 1066 holder of properties around St Gennys; but the very modest scale of the properties and the distance separa
ting them suggests otherwise (JP).}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab TREMBRAZE. This was a settlement in St Keverne Ancient Parish. The translation of the two occurrences of this holding in Exon is as follows:
\par \tab \tab Exon }{\insrsid335287 99b2: Brictsi has a manor which is called Trembraze, which paid tax for the third part of 1 virgate. 1 plough can plough it. Value when the count acquired it, 15s; now it is waste.
\par \tab \tab Exon 226a2: The count has a manor which is called Trembraze. In it there is the third part of 1 virgate. It has never paid tax. It is waste; valu
e when the count acquired it, 10s. This was [part] of the king's lordship manor which is called Winnianton. Brictsi holds it from the count.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab WIUHOMARCH <OF TREGOOSE>. }{\insrsid335287 The Domesday forms of this name - }{\i\insrsid335287 Wimarc}{\insrsid335287 , }{\i\insrsid335287 Wimarch}{\insrsid335287 , }{\i\insrsid335287 Wimarc}{\insrsid335287 (}{\i\insrsid335287 a
}{\insrsid335287 )}{\i\insrsid335287 e}{\insrsid335287  (genitive), }{\i\insrsid335287 Wim'}{\insrsid335287 , }{\i\insrsid335287 Wicmarc}{\insrsid335287 , }{\i\insrsid335287 Witmarce}{\insrsid335287  (genitive), and, for 1086 holders, }{\i\insrsid335287 
Wihomarc}{\insrsid335287 , }{\i\insrsid335287 Wihumar}{\insrsid335287 , }{\i\insrsid335287 Wihumarc}{\insrsid335287 , }{\i\insrsid335287 Wihunmard}{\insrsid335287 [}{\i\insrsid335287 us}{\insrsid335287 ], }{\i\insrsid335287 Guihu'mar'}{\insrsid335287 
 - represent Old Breton }{\i\insrsid335287 Wiuhomarch}{\insrsid335287 , which is both a masculine and feminine name: von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid335287 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid335287 , pp. 349-50, 415; Tengvik, }{
\i\insrsid335287 Old English Bynames}{\insrsid335287 , p. 231; Reaney, }{\i\insrsid335287 Dictionary of British Surnames}{\insrsid335287 
, under Wymark. The Phillimore printed edition has the forms Wymarc, Wiuhomarch, Wihomarch; these have now been standardized as Wiuhomarch. The Alecto edition has Wimarc (for Ro
bert son of Wiuhomarch), but generally reproduces the Domesday forms for the 1086 holders, except for Wymarc in Norfolk.
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab A Wiuhomarch is also a tenant of the count on two estates (5,24,13-14), the first of which, Tucoyse, is in Winnianton Hundred. The de
scendants of this person may have been a family called Le Bret (the Breton) who held Tucoyse in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries: Henderson, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Parish of Constantine}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 148. According to Keats-Rohan, }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday }{\cf1\insrsid335287 People, p. 466, the Wiuhomarch here is the same individual as Count Alan's steward}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\cf1\insrsid335287 
in Domesday Cambridgeshire and his tenant in Yorkshire and Norfolk, but this is unlikely, in view of the distance between his holdings and a different overlord.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab TREGOOSE. This was a settlement in Stithians Ancient Parish. It was identified as Tregoose (in Mawgan-in-Meneage) in }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
, followed in the Phillimore printed translation. Maxwell, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Settlements of Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , proposed Tregoose (in Stithians): this follows Henderson, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Parish of Constantine}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 147, and has been adopted here.
\par \tab \tab The translation of the two occurrences of this holding in Exon is as follows:
\par \tab \tab Exon }{\insrsid335287 99b3: Wiuhomarch [has] a manor which is called Tregoose; it paid tax for 1 hide }{\i\insrsid335287 T.R.E.}{\insrsid335287  8 ploughs can plough it. Value 30d a year; value when the count acquired it, 40s.
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab Exon }{\insrsid335287 
226a3: The count has a manor which is called Tregoose. In it there is 1 hide of land; it paid tax for 2 parts of 1 virgate. 8 ploughs can plough it. Wiuhomarch holds it from the count. Of it he himself has 2 parts
 of 1 virgate in lordship, and the villagers have (}{\i\insrsid335287 h't }{\insrsid335287 for }{\i\insrsid335287 h'nt}{\insrsid335287 ) the rest of the land there. W[iuhomarch] [has] 2 villagers, 4 smallholders and 1 slave, and 1 \'bd
 furlongs of pasture. Value 30d; value when the count acquired it, 40s. This is [part] of the king's lordship manor which is called Winnianton.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab HAMELIN [* OF CORNWALL *]. He is almost certainly the same as the Hamelin who was the Count of Mortain's tenant of 22 estates (5,5); see 5,5 Hamelin note. This included one at 'Crawle' (5,5,1) which, despit
e having the same values as the entry in the king's lordship land in Exon (see 1,1 'Crawle' note), is a different holding.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 'CRAWLE'. This was a settlement in Breage Ancient Parish. The translation of the entry in the king's lordship lands in Exon is as follows:}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab Exon }{\insrsid335287 99b4: Hamelin holds a manor which is called 'Crawle'; it paid tax for \'bd hide }{\i\insrsid335287 T.R.E.}{\insrsid335287 
 3 ploughs can plough it. Value 10s a year; value when the count acquired it, 15s.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab RICHARD [* SON OF TUROLF *]. He is probably the same as the tenant of the Count of Mortain (5,3) who is identified as Richard son of Turolf in the Exon entry corresponding to 5,3,1; see 5,3 Richard note.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab LIZARD. This was a settlement in Landewednack Ancient Parish. The translation of the two occurrences of this holding in Exon is as follows:
\par \tab \tab Exon }{\insrsid335287 99b5: Richard has a manor which is called Lizard, which paid tax for 1 hide }{\i\insrsid335287 T.R.E.}{\insrsid335287  6 ploughs can plough it. He has 2 \'bd
 ploughs there. Value 30s a year; value when the count acquired it, 50s.
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab Exon }{\insrsid335287 226a4: The count has a manor which is called Lizard, in which there is 1 hide of land; it paid tax for \'bd hide }{\i\insrsid335287 T.R.E.}{\insrsid335287 
 6 ploughs can plough it. Richard holds it from the count. Of it R[ichard] has 1 virgate and [1] \'bd ploughs, and the villagers [have] t
he rest of the land and 1 plough. R[ichard] has 6 villagers, 6 smallholders and 6 slaves, and 4 wild mares, 3 cattle, 20 pigs and 60 sheep, and 1 \'bd leagues of pasture in length and \'bd
 league in width. Value 30s a year; value when the count acquired it, 50s. This was [part] of the king's lordship manor which is called Winnianton.
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab The Exon scribe probably omitted 'in lordship' after Richard's ploughs in error, as elsewhere.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab BRICTRIC [* THE CORNISHMAN *]. He is probably the same as the Brictric who was a tenant of the Count of Mortain (5,23).}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab MAWGAN. This was an Ancient Parish, that of Mawgan-in-Meneage, so called to distinguish it from Mawgan-in-Pydar. The Great Domesday form is }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Scanct' Mawan}{\cf1\insrsid335287  (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Scanct'
}{\cf1\insrsid335287  being a scribal error for }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Sanct'}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ) and refers to the pa
tron saint of the church. On Meneage, see 1,1 Winnianton note. The translation of the two occurrences of this holding in Exon is as follows:
\par \tab \tab Exon }{\insrsid335287 99b6: Brictric [has] a manor which is called Mawgan; it paid tax for 1 hide. 4 ploughs can plough it. Value 3s a year; value when the count acquired it, 20s.
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab Exon }{\insrsid335287 226a5: The count has a manor which is called Mawgan, in which there is 1 hide of land; it paid tax for 1 furlong. 4 ploughs can plough it. Brictric holds it from the count. Of it B[rictric] has 1 vir
gate and \'bd plough in lordship, and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 2 oxen. B[rictric] has there 2 villagers, 2 smallholders and 1 slave, and 1 league of woodland in length and \'bd
 in width and 20 acres of pasture. Value 5s a year; value when the count acquired it, 20s. This was [part] of the king's lordship manor which is called Winnianton.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab ANDREW [* OF VITRE *]. He is probably to be identified with the Count of Mortain's tenant (5,24,22-23); see 5,24,22 Andrew note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab BODEN. This was a settlement in the Ancient Parish of St Anthony-in-Meneage. The translation of the two occurrences of this holding in Exon is as follows:
\par \tab \tab Exon }{\insrsid335287 99b7: Andrew [has] a manor which is called Boden, which 2 thanes held in 1066; it paid tax for 1 virgate. 2 ploughs can plough it. Value 10s a year; value when the count acquired it, 20s.
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab Exon }{\insrsid335287 226b1: The count has a manor which is called Boden, which 2 thanes held in 1066. In it there is 1 virgate of land; it paid tax for 1 furlong. 2 ploughs can plough it. Andrew holds
 it from the count. Of it A[ndrew] has 3 parts [or 'the third part': }{\i\insrsid335287 iii. part'}{\insrsid335287 
] of 1 virgate and 1 plough, and the villagers [have] the rest of the land. A[ndrew] has there 2 villagers and 3 slaves, and 2 cattle and 20 sheep, and 1 acre of meadow and \'bd le
ague of pasture in length and 3 furlongs in width. Value 10s; value when the count acquired it, 20s. In 1066 this was [part] of the king's lordship manor which is called Winnianton.
\par \tab \tab The Exon scribe probably omitted 'in lordship' after Andrew's plough in error, as elsewhere.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 
"TURSTIN" [* THE SHERIFF *]. A "Turstin" was a tenant of the Count of Mortain (5,4); he is called "Turstin" the sheriff in three entries in Exon corresponding to 5,4,1;3;12. The "Turstin" who holds Truthall, another alienated royal l
and, is also described in both entries in Exon as the sheriff. On the name "Turstin", see 5,4 "Turstin" note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab TRELOWARREN. This was a settlement in the Ancient Parish of Mawgan-in-Meneage. The translation of the two occurrences of this holding in Exon is as follows:
\par \tab \tab Exon }{\insrsid335287 99b8: "Turstin" [has] a manor which is called Trelowarren; it paid tax for 1 hide }{\i\insrsid335287 T.R.E.}{\insrsid335287  5 ploughs can plough it. Value 15s a year; value when the count acquired it, 30s.
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab Exon }{\insrsid335287 226b2: The count has a manor which is called Trelowarren, in which there is 1 hide of land; it paid tax for 1 virgate }{\i\insrsid335287 T.R.E.}{\insrsid335287 
 5 ploughs can plough it. "Turstin" holds it from the count. Of it "T[urstin]" has 1 virgate and 1 plough in lordship, and the villa
gers [have] 3 virgates. There are 3 villagers, 6 smallholders and 5 slaves, and 4 wild mares, 2 cobs, 4 cattle, 6 pigs, 30 sheep, and 6 acres of woodland and 1 league of pasture in length and \'bd
 in width. Value 15s; [value] when the count acquired it, 30s. This is [part] of the aforesaid manor of the king.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab "TURSTIN" [* THE SHERIFF *]. See 1,1 "Turstin" [* the sheriff *] note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab HALLIGGYE. This was a settlement in the Ancient Parish of Mawgan-in-Meneage. The translation of the two occurrences of this holding in Exon is as follows:
\par \tab \tab Exon }{\insrsid335287 100a1: "Turstin" [has] a [manor] which is called Halliggye; it paid tax for 1 virgate and the third part of 1 virgate }{\i\insrsid335287 T.R.E.}{\insrsid335287 
 3 ploughs can plough it. Value 5s a year; [value] when the count acquired it, 10s.
\par \tab \tab Exon 226b3: The count has a manor which is called Halliggye, in which there is 1 virgate of land and the third part of 1 virgate; it paid tax for 1 furlong }{\i\insrsid335287 T.R.E.}{\insrsid335287 
 3 ploughs can plough it. "Turstin" holds it from the count. There are 2 villagers, and 6 acres of underwood. Value 5s; value when the count acquired it, 10s. This is [part] of the aforesaid manor of the king.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab BRICTRIC [* THE CORNISHMAN *]. He is probably the same as the Brictric who held Mawgan, another alienated land detailed in this entry.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab BOJORROW. This was a settlement in the Ancient Parish of Mawgan-in-Meneage. The translation of the two occurrences of this holding in Exon is as follows:
\par \tab \tab Exon }{\insrsid335287 100a2: Brictric [has] a manor which is called Bojorrow. There is 1 virgate of land. 2 ploughs can plough it. Value 5s a year; value when the count acquired it, 10s.
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab Exon }{\insrsid335287 227a1: The count has a manor which is called Bojorrow, in which 
there is 1 virgate of land; it paid tax for 1 furlong. 2 ploughs can plough it. Brictric holds it from the count. Of it B[rictric] has 1 acre and \'bd
 plough in lordship, and the villagers [have] the rest of the land. B[rictric] has there 2 villagers and 1 slave, and 1 cow and 15 sheep, and \'bd league of pasture in length and as much in width. }{\i\insrsid335287 T.R.E.}{\insrsid335287 
 this was [part] of the aforesaid Winnianton. Value 5s; value when the count acquired it, 10s.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab TRUTHALL. This was a settlement in Sithney Ancient Parish. The translation of the two occurrences of this holding in Exon is as follows:
\par \tab \tab Exon }{\insrsid335287 100a3: "Turstin" the sheriff has a manor which is called Truthall. There is \'bd hide of land. 5 ploughs can plough it. Value 10s a year; value when the count acquired it, 2s.
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab Exon }{\insrsid335287 227a4: The count has a manor which is called Truthall, in which there is \'bd hide; it paid tax for 1 furlong }{\i\insrsid335287 T.R.E.}{\insrsid335287 
 5 ploughs can plough it. "Turstin" the sheriff holds it from the count. "T[urstin]" has there 1 plough, and 1 slave, and 1 cow, 30 sheep and 1
0 goats, and 5 acres of underwood and 60 acres of pasture. Value 10s; value when the count acquired it, 2s. This is [part] of the aforesaid Winnianton.
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab The Exon scribe here probably omitted 'in lordship' after "Turstin"'s plough in error, as elsewhere.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab ALWIN. There is no other occurrence of an Alwin as a 1086 holder in Cornwall, though one or more people of that name held a number of estates }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 T.R.E.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 that were held by men of the Count of Mortain in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab TREWARNEVAS. This was a settlement in the Ancient Parish of St Anthony-in-Meneage. The translation of the two occurrences of this holding in Exon is as follows:
\par \tab \tab Exon }{\insrsid335287 100a4: Alwin has a manor, Trewarnevas. There is 1 acre of land. 1 plough can plough it. Value 30d a year; value when the count acquired it, 5s.
\par \tab \tab Exon 227a2: The count has a manor which is called Trewarnevas, in which there is 1 acre of land; it paid tax for \'bd furlong }{\i\insrsid335287 T.R.E.}{\insrsid335287 
 1 plough can plough it. Alwin holds it from the count. There is only 1 slave, and 6 acres of pasture. Value 30d; [value] when the count acquired it, 5s. This is [part] of the aforesaid manor of the king.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab ACRE. The Cornish acre seems to have been larger than the acre of other parts of England, possibly a twelfth of a hide. The next holding here, Trelan, records 4 acres 
of land which appear as 1 virgate and 1 acre in the entry under the Count of Mortain's lands. As a virgate was a quarter of a hide, it might have contained three of these larger Cornish acres. See }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 VCH Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
, ii. part 8, p. 47;}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  Domesday Geography of South-West England}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , pp. 306-11. On the occasional use by the main scribe of Great Domesday of the Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 ager}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 instead of his normal word }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 acra}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , see 5,2,7 acre note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab DODA <OF TRELAN>. He is probably the same as the Doda who held Carsella from the Count of Mortain (5,24,9).
\par }{\insrsid335287 \tab \tab 
Doda occurs five times in Cornwall but nowhere else within 50 miles of these modest Cornish holdings. It is likely that they were held by one individual in 1066 who survived as a tenant of the Count of Mortain at Trelan and Carsella. Two sur
vivors with the same uncommon name is improbable. The two properties retained by Doda mirror the distribution of those subinfeudated to Erchenbald the Fleming (5,12,2-3), while the holding acquired by "Turstin" the sheriff lies midway those of Erchenbald 
and Doda in the southern tip of the peninsular.}{\b\insrsid335287  }{\insrsid335287 See also Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid335287 Domesday People}{\insrsid335287 , p. 178 (JP).}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab TRELAN. This was a settlement in St Keverne Ancient Parish. Another part was held by "Turstin" the sheriff under the Count of Mortain (5,4,1). The translation of the two occurrences of this holding in Exon is as follows:
\par \tab \tab Exon }{\insrsid335287 100a5: Doda has a manor which is called Trelan. There are 4 acres of land. 2 ploughs can plough them. Value 10s a year; value when the count acquired it, 20s.
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab Exon }{\insrsid335287 227a3: The count has a manor which is called Trelan, in which there is 1 virgate of land and 1 acre; it paid tax for \'bd
 furlong. 2 ploughs can plough it. Doda holds it from the count. D[oda] has there \'bd plough, and 1 slave, and 1 cow and 15 sheep, and \'bd
 league of pasture in length and as much in width. This is [part] of the aforesaid Winnianton. Value 10s; value when the count acquired it, 20s.
\par \tab \tab The Exon scribe here probably omitted 'in lordship' after Doda's \'bd plough in error, as elsewhere.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab LEOFNOTH <OF VERYAN>. A man called Leofnoth held two estates as a tenant of the Count of Mortain (5,24,4-5); see 5,24,4 Leofnoth note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab TREDOWER. This was a settlement in the Ancient Parish of St Martin-in-Meneage. The translation of the two occurrences of this holding in Exon is as follows:
\par \tab \tab Exon }{\insrsid335287 100a6: Leofnoth has a manor which is called Tredower. There is 1 hide of land. 8 ploughs can plough it. Value 30d a year; value when the count acquired it, 10s.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab Exon }{\insrsid335287 227a5: The count has a manor which is called Tredower, in which there is 1 hide of land; it paid tax for 1 furlong. 8 ploughs can plough it. Leofnoth holds it from the coun
t. L[eofnoth] has there 1 villager and 1 smallholder, and 1 league of pasture in length and \'bd in width. This is [part] of the aforesaid Winnianton. Value 30d; value when the count acquired it, 10s.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab ALWARD <OF TREGARDOCK>. He is probably the Count of Mortain's tenant of that name (5,16); see 5,16 Alward note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab TREWORDER?. This was a settlement in Ruan Minor Ancient Parish. The translation of the entry in the king's lordship lands in Exon is as follows:}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab Exon}{\insrsid335287  100a7: Alward has a manor which is called Treworder?. In it there is 1 hide of land. 6 ploughs can plough it. Value 3s a year; value when the count acquired it, 40s.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab GRUFFYDD <OF ROSCARNON>. }{\insrsid335287 The Domesday forms of this name - }{\i\insrsid335287 Grifin}{\insrsid335287 , }{\i\insrsid335287 Grifinus}{\insrsid335287  - represent Old Welsh }{\i\insrsid335287 Griffin}{
\insrsid335287 , a pet form of Old Welsh }{\i\insrsid335287 Gruffudd }{\insrsid335287 with the Romance suffix -}{\i\insrsid335287 in}{\insrsid335287 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid335287 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid335287 
, p. 275. JRM preferred the modern spelling Gruffydd and this is the form used for the Welsh King Gruffydd in the }{\i\insrsid335287 Handbook of British Chronology}{\insrsid335287 . The printed Phil
limore edition of Cornwall has Griffin; this has now been standardized as Gruffydd, although a case could be made for a separate name Griffin in view of the Domesday forms; see }{\cf1\insrsid335287 Reaney, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 
Dictionary of British Surnames}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , under Griffin, and compare Walter/Walscin of Douai (SOM 24 Walter note)}{\insrsid335287 . The Alecto edition has Gruffydd, except for Cornwall where it has Griffin.
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab A Gruffydd is given as the 1066 holder of another part of Roscarnon (5,7,1): see 1,1 Roscarnon note. He is probably the same man.
\par \tab \tab These are the only two occurrences of this name in Domesday Book outside the Welsh borderlands (JP) and Staffordshire.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab ROSCARNON. This was a settlement in St Keverne Ancient Parish. An estate at Roscarnon was held by Iovin from the Count of Mortain, and had been held
 in 1066 by Gruffydd (5,7,1). It is not the same estate, however, despite the plough estimate being the same. The translation of the entry in the king's lordship lands in Exon is as follows:}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab Exon }{\insrsid335287 100a9: Gruffydd has a manor which is called Roscarnon. There is 1 virgate of land. 2 ploughs can plough it. Value 10s a year; value when the count acquired it, as much.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab "TURSTIN" [* THE SHERIFF *]. See 1,1"Turstin" [* the sheriff *] note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab TREAL. This was a settlement in Ruan Minor Ancient Parish. The translation of the entry in the king's lordship lands in Exon is as follows:}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab Exon }{\insrsid335287 100a10: "Turstin" [has] 2 acres in a manor which is called Treal. 2 ploughs can plough them. Value 3s a year; [value] when the count acquired it, as much.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab WULFWARD <OF RINSEY>. He is no doubt the same as the holder of Rinsey listed earlier in this entry and as the holder of what is probably another part of Rinsey (5,24,6).}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab TREVEADOR?. This was a settlement in the Ancient Parish of St Martin-in-Meneage. Treveador is a mor
e recent spelling than Trevedor (Phillimore printed translation). The translation of the entry in the king's lordship lands in Exon is as follows:}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab Exon }{\insrsid335287 100b1: Wulfward [has] a manor which is called Treveador?. There is 1 virgate of land. 2 ploughs can plough it. Value 5s a year; value when the count acquired it, 10s.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab FORMERLY \'a320 10s. }{\insrsid335287 Domesday uses the old English currency system which lasted for a thousand years until 1971. The pound contained 20 shillings, each of 12 pence, abbreviated as \'a3(ibrae), s(
olidi)and d(enarii). Domesday often expresses sums above a shilling in pence (for example, 30d in 1,14) and above a pound in shillings (for example, 100s in 1,3).
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab The total of the former values of the holdings Skewes to Treveador? is actually \'a318 17s. Th
e main scribe of Great Domesday was notorious for his poor arithmetic, though he added up the plough estimates and the 1086 values correctly here, the latter at a second attempt as it is over an erasure.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab AFTER THIS ENTRY the scribe left the equivalent of two or three lines blank, probably to separate the long account of Winnianton with its members from the rest of the king's lands.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\insrsid335287 1,2\tab [Exon 100b2]
\par \tab HELSTON. This was a chapelry and later a borough in Wendron Ancient Parish; it became a separate ecclesiastical and Civil Parish in the nineteenth century. }{\cf1\insrsid335287 It appears to have lain in Winnianton Hundred in 1086.}{\insrsid335287 
 The name is Old Cornish }{\i\insrsid335287 hen}{\insrsid335287  and }{\i\insrsid335287 lys}{\insrsid335287  ('ancient court') to which the English -}{\i\insrsid335287 tun}{\insrsid335287  has been attached: }{\cf1\insrsid335287 Padel, }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Cornish Place-Names}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 96}{\insrsid335287 . This may well have been an important place, and adopted as a manorial }{\i\insrsid335287 caput}{\insrsid335287  by the English.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\insrsid335287 \tab 6 \'bd HIDES \'85 ONLY 2 HIDES PAID TAX. Domesday Cornwall is unusual in providing the hidage and also a tax assessment (often said to be }{\i\insrsid335287 T.R.E.}{\insrsid335287 
 but always in the past tense) which was invariably less than it (but see 5,2,22 acre note for an exception). If it is accepted that there were 12 acres to a hide, there are no instances wher
e the tax assessment exceeds the land recorded, whether or not this was derived from a total of the lordship and villagers' holding; for an apparent exception, see 5,2,16 ploughs note. There is only one instance where this total agrees with the tax and no
t
 the hidage; see 5,3,3 hides note, but compare 5,13,3 hide note. In fourteen entries where no hidage is specified, this total is the same as the tax assessment: 1,5;11. 2,1;11. 5,1,13. 5,3,1;11;13;16-17. 5,5,10. 5,13,5. 5,17,1. 5,24,13. These 14 instances
 
might be increased to 25, if the 'rest of the land' which Exon records for the villagers is added to the lordship land to equal the tax rather than an undisclosed hidage figure which exceeded the tax; see also 2,5 tax note. Elsewhere in the majority of in
s
tances the villagers' 'rest of the land' definitely adds up with the lordship land to the hidage stated, rather than to the tax assessment. However, there are over a hundred entries where the lordship land is less than the tax and the 'rest of the land' h
e
ld by the 'villagers' could conceivably add up with it to the tax rather than to the hidage. In most other Domesday counties either hidage or tax was recorded or they were the same. There are, however, a number of instances in Domesday Devon, Somerset and
 
Dorset where the tax assessment is more than the sum of the lordship and villagers' land, as well as a few where it is less. In these counties a figure for hidage as well as one for tax is very rarely given, but see 5,3,3 hides note for occurrences in Som
erset.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\insrsid335287 \tab \tab According to the }{\i\insrsid335287 Domesday Geography of South-West England}{\insrsid335287 , pp. 307-308, and Finn, }{\i\insrsid335287 Domesday Inquest}{\insrsid335287 
, pp. 152-55, the difference between the hidage and tax assessment figures in Cornwall was the 'fiscal demesne'. This was probably once identical wit
h the 'manorial demesne', that is, the land held in lordship (as given in Exon), though in Cornwall this is now the same as the difference between the tax and the hidage in only a dozen instances. Both figures are not always given, however; hidage on its 
o
wn is only given for four entries (1,19. 4,23;26-27, excluding instances where a holding is said never to have paid tax etc.), whereas tax on its own is entered for some forty estates. However, the hidage figure can be deduced from the total of the land h
eld in lordship and by the 'villagers'.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab LAND FOR 40 PLOUGHS. The number actually recorded amounts to only 20 ploughs. Although in many counties in Domesday the villagers' and lordship ploughs add up to those in the estimate, they only do so in 16 entries
 in Cornwall. Often, as here, they form only half the plough estimate. Only once is there an excess of ploughs over ploughlands (3,2).}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 40 ALE-MEN. Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 cervisarius}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , the adjective and noun from }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 cervisia}{\cf1\insrsid335287  ('beer', 'ale'), can mean both a brewer and, probab
ly, a tenant who paid ale-rent. The only other occurrence of ale-men in Domesday Book is in the entry for Bury St Edmunds (SFK 14,167) in a list of people providing services for its abbey, where they are more likely to be brewers. (The Latin there is }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 cervisiarius}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , but although there is a difference of form it would be wrong to distinguish these two words on the basis of meaning, both simply meaning a man connected in some way with ale.)}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  
}{\cf1\insrsid335287 See Henderson, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Essays in Cornish History}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 70. The men here may in effect have been townsmen, for Helston developed into a borough later; see Beresford and Finberg, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 
English Medieval Boroughs}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 78; and \{Introduction: Boroughs\}. Elsewhere in Cornwall a customary due of a barrel of ale was paid to St German's Church (2,12); see also CHS FT3,7, GLS W5 and HEF C7.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 1,3\tab [Exon 100b3]
\par \tab TOWAN. The Great Domesday form is }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Bewintone}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ; in Exon}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\cf1\insrsid335287 it is}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  Deuuintona}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
. This was a settlement in St Austell Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in 'Tybesta' Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab [WIDE]. So, correctly, Exon; Great Domesday has 'long' in error.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 1,4\tab [Exon 101a1-2; Terrae Occupatae 507a6]
\par \tab LANOW. This was a settlement in St Kew Ancient Parish and no doubt stood for it in Domesday. It appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086.}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid335287  and Maxwell, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 
Domesday Settlements of Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , have Lanow; the Phillimore printed translation has St Kew. The Great Domesday forms are }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Lanehoc}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Lantloho}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
; the forms in Exon are }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Lannohoo}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Lannahoo}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Lantloho}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Lannohoi}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
. The place represented by these forms survives in nearby Lanow, here adopted as the identification: see \{Introduction: The Identification of Places\}.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab Lanow is Cornish }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 lann}{\cf1\insrsid335287  ('church-site') and Doghow, the name of the saint who was the brother of St Kew. }{\insrsid335287 They are said to hav
e come from Gwent in South Wales. The author of the first life of St Samson visited a religious house of Docco possibly in the seventh century. Kew is probably to be found in the tenth-century list of Cornish saints (Olson and Padel, 'List of Cornish Paro
chial Saints', p. 54 no. 29). The grant of 2 }{\i\insrsid335287 mansae}{\insrsid335287  by King Edgar to the 'minster' of St Doghow and St Kew between 961 and 963 (}{\cf1\insrsid335287 Sawyer, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 , no. 810}{\insrsid335287 ) probably marks the installation of secular canons. The bounds attached to that charter sho
w that the land given included most of St Kew parish, much of the parish of St Teath and part of that of St Juliot; see }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Early Charters of Devon and Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , no. 83a; Hooke, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 
Charter Bounds of Devon and Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 33.}{\insrsid335287 
\par \tab The church was given by Henry I to Exeter Cathedral in 1123 (}{\i\insrsid335287 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\insrsid335287 , ii. p. 185 no 1391, see p. 72 no. 841) and was then passed to Plympton Priory: }{\i\insrsid335287 Monasticon Anglicanum}
{\insrsid335287 , vi. p. 53. On the church and monastery, see Doble, }{\i\insrsid335287 Saints of Cornwall}{\insrsid335287 , i. pp. 105-109; Farmer, }{\i\insrsid335287 The Oxford Dictionary of Saints}{\insrsid335287 , p. 233; }{\cf1\insrsid335287 
Knowles and Hadcock, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Medieval Religious Houses}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 481; Picken, 'Manor of Tremaruustel'; }{\insrsid335287 Olson, }{\i\insrsid335287 Early Monasteries}{\insrsid335287 , pp. 9, 78-84 97; Padel, }{\i\insrsid335287 
Cornish Place-Name}{\insrsid335287 s, p. 103.
\par \tab \tab The attached bounds show that the land given included most of St Kew parish, much of the parish of St Teath and part of that of St Juliot. }{\cf1\insrsid335287 
The church of St Kew had held land and would properly have been included with the predominantly Celtic churches of chapter 4, except that its holding of Treroosel 
was in the hands of the Count of Mortain (5,24,14). It is not stated whether the present estate (and Poundstock and St Gennys removed from it) were part of the land of that church, though they probably were. The entry for Poundstock (5,7,6) under the land
 of the Count of Mortain merely records that the land had belonged to }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Lantloho}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 (the present estate), whereas under Treroosel it is said that the land 'belongs to the honour of St Kew'; there is no mention of Lanow in the entry for St Gennys (5,7,9).}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab POUNDSTOCK AND ST GENNYS. Both were separate Ancient Parishes. In Exon (101a2) this alienation is recorded as a separate entry after Lanow.}{\insrsid335287 
 Details of these places appear also in the Count of Mortain's fief with Iovin as his tenant (}{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,7,6;9), but with dis
crepancies in their plough estimates and their former values. The fact that they belonged to Lanow is mentioned under Poundstock, but not under St Gennys, both in Exon here (as an interlineation by the scribe) and in 5,7,6;9, but their respective entries 
in the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae}{\cf1\insrsid335287  mention their alienation (see 5,7,6 Lanow note; 5,7,9 St Gennys note). This alienation also appears in the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae}{\cf1\insrsid335287  thus:}{
\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae}{\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\insrsid335287 507a6: The king has a manor which is called Lanow, which Harold held (}{\i\insrsid335287 ten'}{\insrsid335287 , unusually for the past }{
\i\insrsid335287 tenebat}{\insrsid335287 /}{\i\insrsid335287 tenuit}{\insrsid335287 ). From this [manor] have been taken away 2 manors, which lay (or 'belonged': }{\i\insrsid335287 adiacebant}{\insrsid335287 
) there in 1066; one is called Poundstock and the other is called St Gennys. In these there is [1] \'bd hides of land. 12 ploughs can plough them. Iovin holds them from the Count of Mortain. Value of them 40s a year; value when the count acquired them, 
\'a33.
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 122 no. 299.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab LAND FOR 12 PLOUGHS. Exon 101a2 is specific that the 12 ploughs could plough
 'the whole land of these 2 manors', but in the Count of Mortain's fief 'land for 6 ploughs' is recorded for 5,7,6 and 'land for 10 ploughs' for 5,7,9. The discrepancy is probably the result of poor arithmetic rather than a change in assessment; compare 1
,4 value note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab IOVIN [* THE CRAFTSMAN *]. For the name, see 5,7 Iovin note.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab FORMERLY 60s;}{\insrsid335287  VALUE}{\cf1\insrsid335287  NOW 40s. The 1086 value is the sum of the two estates, Poundstock and St Gennys, each valued at 20s in the Count of Mortain's fief (5,7,6;9). However, their 
previous value is given in these entries as 20s each, not the same as the 60s total given here; compare 1,4 land note. Here as elsewhere, Exon says 'when the count (or other 1086 holder or sometimes just 'he') acquired it' for the 'Formerly' of Great Dome
sday; compare 5,6,4 acquired note and 5,24,6 acquired note.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 1,5\tab [Exon 101a3]}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab KILKHAMPTON. This was an Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086. The name is Cornish but an English -}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 tun}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 was attached, probably when it was manorialized. An estate here of 12 hides was granted together with 18 hides at }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Ros}{\cf1\insrsid335287  and Maker to Sherborne Church between 815 and 839 by King Egbert of Wessex; see }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Early Charters of Devon and Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 16 no. 74; Hooke, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Charter Bounds of Devon and Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 16; O'Donovan,}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  Charters of Sherborne}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. xlviii; and 5,2,14 Maker note. It appears to have been alienated from the bishops of St German's, Crediton or Exeter, the successors of the bishops of Sherborne, either by 'Earl' Harold, the 1066 holder, or by a predecessor.}{
\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab TAX FOR 7 HIDES \'85 1 HIDE \'85 [!1! 6 HIDES !1!]. Here it would seem that the manor paid tax on the full amount of land; see 1,2 hides note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab BY WEIGHT. See 1,1 weighed note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 1,6\tab [Exon 101b1-2; Terrae Occupatae 507a5]
\par \tab BLISLAND. This was an Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086. The Domesday name-form is }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Glustone }{\cf1\insrsid335287 (Exon }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Glustona}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ), with a }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 G}{\cf1\insrsid335287  in place of the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 B}{\cf1\insrsid335287 . It is }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Bloiston}{\cf1\insrsid335287  in 1177: Padel, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Cornish Place-Names}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 54.}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab LAND FOR 30 PLOUGHS. The main scribe of Great Domesday miswrote the ploughland figure and then corrected it to }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 .xxx.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , interlining }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 ta}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
, the last two letters of }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 triginta}{\cf1\insrsid335287  ('30'), in clarification. He did the same in 5,3,22. Compare 4,7 land note and 4,15 formerly note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab COWS. Cows are mentioned on almost thirty holdings in the Exon for Cornwall, generally between one and three per estate (four in 5,25,5). As they never occur in the}{\insrsid335287  }{\cf1\insrsid335287 same list as }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 animalia}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\cf1\insrsid335287 it is likely that the latter term often included cows (see 1,
1 cattle note). The fact that frequently, here and in other south-west counties, only 1 cow at a time is mentioned, may indicate that it was kept to supply milk only for the lord of the manor; see Round in }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 VCH Somerset}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\cf1\insrsid335287 i. p. 424.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab PENDAVEY. This was a settlement in Egloshayle Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086.
\par \tab \tab Pendavey came into royal hands in 949 when King Eadred acquired it from Wulfric 'his faithful man' in exchange for a grant to Wulfric of 18 }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 mansae}{\cf1\insrsid335287  at Welford (Berkshire); see Sawyer, }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , no. 552; }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Early Charters of Devon and Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 17 no. 80; Hooke, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Charter Bounds of Devon and Cornwall}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 18.
\par \tab \tab In Exon the three lines detailing this alienation were squeezed into a one-line space at the end o
f the previous entry and given a gallows mark of their own (101b2). Pendavey is described as a manor 'which belonged to the aforesaid manor in 1066'. The }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae}{\cf1\insrsid335287  record this alienation thus:
\par \tab \tab }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae}{\cf1\insrsid335287  507a5: }{\insrsid335287 The king has a manor which is called Blisland, which Earl Harold held (}{\i\insrsid335287 ten'}{\insrsid335287 , unusually for the past }{\i\insrsid335287 
tenebat}{\insrsid335287 /}{\i\insrsid335287 tenuit}{\insrsid335287 ). From this [manor] has been taken away a manor which is called Pendavey, which belonged there in 1066. Boia, a cle
ric of Bodmin, holds it from the Count of Mortain. Value 10s a year; value when the count acquired it, 20s.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 122 no. 300.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab "BOIA" THE PRIEST [!1! OF BODMIN !1!] HOLDS IT FROM THE COUNT OF MORTAIN. Unlike i
n the case of the removal of Poundstock and St Gennys from St Kew, there is no reappearance of this land in the Count of Mortain's fief. It is possible that "Boia" was a priest from, rather than of, Bodmin (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 de}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 in Exon here and in the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae}{\cf1\insrsid335287  can have both meanings), though the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 presbiteri de Bomene}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 who held two places in Devon (DEV 51,15-16) were undoubtedly priests in Bodmin. If "Boia" was a priest of Bodmin he would have been a member of St Petroc's Church.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 1,7\tab [Exon 101b3-4; Terrae Occupatae 507a7]
\par \tab PENDRIM. This was a settlement in the Ancient Parish of St Martin by Looe and it appears to have lain in Fawton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab SMALLHOLDERS WITH 1 PLOUGH. Exon has }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 villani habent carrucam}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 villani}{\cf1\insrsid335287  being used as a general term (see 
1,1 villagers note). In the parts of Exon relating to Cornwall the word }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 villani }{\cf1\insrsid335287 
was used when only smallholders were recorded on almost fifty other occasions (eighteen of them when only their land holding was mentioned); see also DOR 12,5 smallholders note
. Compare 1,1 Wulfward ... Rinsey note and 5,2,7 acre note. However, the Exon scribe of the entry corresponding to 4,11, where also only smallholders are recorded, wrote 'smallholders' in place of 'villagers' when detailing their plough; see 4,11 ploughs 
note, and compare DOR 12,16 smallholders note. There is no mention of the smallholders holding any land in the present entry, though 3 virgates would be needed to add up with the 1 virgate of lordship land to the 1 hide given; see 5,2,16 ploughs note.}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab BON
YALVA, BUCKLAWREN, BODIGGA. They do not reappear in Domesday Cornwall. The Count of Mortain may have given them to St Stephen's of Launceston (having removed them from Pendrim) in compensation for the market that he had taken away from the canons (4,2). T
he 1086 value of these three lands and of the market is the same. See also Fleming, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 122 no. 301.
\par \tab \tab Bonyalva (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Pennadeluuan}{\cf1\insrsid335287  in Great Domesday and Exon) was in St German's Ancient Parish. It was a dependency of Pendrim and include
d among places in Fawton Hundred in Exon. It was later in Rillaton Hundred, but in 1086 Fawton Hundred may have stretched further east beyond the River Seaton which later formed its boundary, or Bonyalva was a detached part of the hundred, tied to it by i
ts dependency on Pendrim: see 5,3,5 Cartuther note and 5,5,10 Trewall? note.
\par \tab \tab Bucklawren and Bodigga were both in the Ancient Parish of St Martin by Looe.
\par \tab \tab The details of this alienation are written in a separate entry in Exon (101b4). The three lands are described as manors 'which belonged to the aforementioned manor in 1066'. The }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 record the removal thus:
\par }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab Terrae Occuptae}{\cf1\insrsid335287  507a7: The king has a manor which is called Pendrim which Harold held }{\insrsid335287 (}{\i\insrsid335287 ten'}{\insrsid335287 , unusually for the past }{\i\insrsid335287 tenebat}{
\insrsid335287 /}{\i\insrsid335287 tenuit}{\insrsid335287 )}{\cf1\insrsid335287 . From this [manor] have beeen taken away 3 manors which belonged there in 1066. In these there are 2 \'bd
 hides. 10 ploughs can plough these [hides]. The canons of St Stephen's of Launceston hold these from the Count of Mortain. Value of them 20s a year; value of them when the count acquired them, 40s.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab CANONS OF ST. STEPHEN'S OF LAUNCESTON. See 4,2 canons note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 1,8\tab [Exon 102a1]
\par \tab CARADON?. This was a settlement in Linkinhorne Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Rillaton Hundred in 1086. The form in Great Domesday is }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Carneton }{\cf1\insrsid335287 (Exon }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Carnetona}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 ) and another part of Caradon occurs at 5,4,11. The Phillimore printed translation suggested a possible identification with Caradon Prior (site at SX2770). Maxwell, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Settlements of Cornwall}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 , settled on Hal
l in Linkinhorne (SX280725) as the actual manorial centre of this Caradon estate. Subsequently Padel has suggested in correspondence an alternative possible identification with Carnanton (SW8764) in St Mawgan-in-Pydar, partly on the grounds that the two l
a
ter manors of Caradon probably did not represent two Domesday estates but were a twelfth-century subdivision of one of them, partly because the important manor and tithing of Carnanton would be otherwise unrepresented in Domesday. Carnanton was adopted by
 the Alecto edition. The difficulty is that }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Carneton}{\cf1\insrsid335287  should be in Rillaton Hundred according to the order of Exon, whereas Carnanton lay in the area of Rialton (St Petroc's) Hundred.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 1,9\tab [Exon 102a2]
\par \tab CLIMSOM. This was a settlement in the Ancient Parish of Stoke Climsland and it appears to have lain in Rillaton Hundred in 1086. For a possible connection with Tavistock Abbey, see CON 3 Tavistock note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 1,10\tab [Exon 102a3]
\par \tab CALLINGTON. This was a settlement, later a borough, in South Hill Ancient Parish, and a separate Civil Parish. It appears to have lain in Rillaton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 1,11\tab [Exon 102b1]
\par \tab ROSEWORTHY. This was a settlement in Gwinear Ancient Parish. For the identification, see }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 VCH Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , ii. part 8, p. 65 note 7.
\par \tab \tab In Great Domesday and in Exon this entry falls between the same places (Callington and Penheale) in Rillaton Hundred, but the early forms of Roseworthy in 'Connerton' Hundred make the identifica
tion secure. Assuming that Penheale is correctly identified (there is no doubt about Callington), it looks as if Roseworthy was misplaced in a document that preceded Exon. Roseworthy appears to have been Harold's only holding in 'Connerton' Hundred, and i
t may have been a marginal note in Exon's source.
\par \tab Alternatively, the Exon scribe could have accidentally written the entry before rather than after that for Penheale, which is the last entry under the king's lordship land in Cornwall.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab TAX FOR 1 HIDE \'85 1 VIRGATE \'85 [!1! 3 VIRGATES !1!]. Here it would seem that the manor paid tax on the full amount of land; see 1,2 hides note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 1,12\tab [Exon 102b2]
\par \tab PENHEALE. This was a settlement in Egloskerry Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Rillaton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 2 \'bd HIDES \'85 \'bd HIDE \'85 1 \'bd HIDES. The figures do not agree. Exon has }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 uillani h}{\cf1\insrsid335287 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 abe}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ]}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 
nt i. hid' 7 xx. carr' }{\cf1\insrsid335287 with }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 7 dim'}{\cf1\insrsid335287  interlined. In the Exon manuscript it looks as though some figure was erased between }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 i }{\cf1\insrsid335287 and }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 hid'}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , (perhaps another }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 i}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , making 2 hides), and that the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 7 dim'}{\cf1\insrsid335287  was added afterwards. Either the \'bd
 hide in lordship (both in Exon and Great Domesday) is an error for '1 hide' or the correction to the villagers' land was made after the main scribe of Great Domesday had used the Exon manuscript; the 
latter is unlikely as it seems to be an early correction and he accurately recorded other Exon alterations. An alternative would be that the Great Domesday scribe had received information to correct the Exon. Compare 2,10 hides note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 

\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 1,13\tab [Exon 111b1]}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab EARL HAROLD. }{\insrsid335287 Harold Godwinson. He was the second son of Earl Godwin and Countess Gytha. He was born }{\i\insrsid335287 c}{\insrsid335287 . 1020 and appointed Earl of East Anglia }{\i\insrsid335287 c}{
\insrsid335287 . 1044. In 1051 he fled with his younger brother Leofwin when his father and brothers Swein, Tosti and Gyrth we
re banished. The family was restored to power in 1052 and on his father's death in 1053, Harold relinquished his earldom of East Anglia and succeeded to his father's earldom of Wessex. The Earldom of Hereford was merged with that of Wessex under Harold on
 
the death of Earl Ralph of Hereford in 1057. Harold married Ealdgyth, daughter of Earl Algar of Mercia. He succeeded Edward the Confessor as king of England on 6th January 1066 by decision of the royal council. On 25th September 1066 he defeated his broth
e
r Earl Tosti who was in alliance with King Harold Hardrada of Norway at Stamford Bridge, but was killed at the battle of Hastings on 14th October of that year. The invader, William, Duke of Normandy, claimed that King Edward had promised him the crown of 
England and that Harold himself had accepted him as future king during a visit to France. He is consistently called Earl Harold in Domesday.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 
BRICTRIC [* SON OF ALGAR *]. He was the son of Algar and an important thane, descended from the royal house of Wessex. Many of his west-country lands passed to Queen Matilda, possibly after the fall of Exeter in 1068. A romantic tale, told by the Continua
tor of Wace and others (Freeman, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Norman Conquest}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , iv. Appendix, Note O), alleges that Matilda seized his lands because}{\insrsid335287  }{\cf1\insrsid335287 in youth he had spurned her hand.}{\insrsid335287 

\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab In the corresponding Exon entries Brictric is given after the place-name which is the usual position for a }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 T.R.E.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 holder. Queen Matilda is only mentioned in the Exon heading (see CON 1 king note) as the king is given as the holder in 1086, her lands having passed to him on her death in 1083.}{\insrsid335287 
\par \tab \tab The bulk of his lands were in Gloucestershire, where he held th
e massive manor of Tewkesbury. Much of his land was subsequently granted to Queen Matilda and this link allows many of his other holdings in Cornwall, Devon, Dorset and Wiltshire to be identified. His estate has been carefully reconstructed by Ann William
s
 whose detailed and persuasive arguments need not be repeated here: Williams, 'A West-Country Magnate'. Dr Williams has also suggested that Brictric was the unnamed lord of the pre-Conquest holders of the manors acquired by Walter and Gotshelm of Claville
 in Devon (fiefs 24-25). See also Clarke, }{\i\insrsid335287 English Nobility}{\insrsid335287 
, pp. 260-62, who excludes these and also the Brictric holdings on fiefs 24, 40, 42 and 50 from his list; he identifies the predecessor of Odo son of Gamalin as another Brictric (}{\i\insrsid335287 ibidem}{\insrsid335287 , p. 265). Dr 
Williams, however, has shown that complex interrelationships between these and other fiefs make it probable that all had been held by the son of Algar (JP).}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab QUEEN MATILDA. She was the w}{\insrsid335287 ife of William the Conqueror. She was daughter of Baldwin V Count of Flanders and married William }{\i\insrsid335287 c}{\insrsid335287 
. 1050 when he was still Duke of Normandy. The papal ban on this marriage between distant cousins was lifted in 1059 after the intervention of Lanfranc, then prior of the Abbey of Be
c-Hellouin, later abbot of the Abbey of Sainte-Etienne of Caen (founded by Duke William) and Archbishop of Canterbury. Matilda founded the abbeys of La Sainte-Trinit\'e9 in Caen and Sainte-Marie-du-Pr\'e9
 in Rouen. She died in November 1083; see Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid335287 Domesday People}{\insrsid335287 , p. 296.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab The entries that follow (1,14-19) do not appear in strict hundredal order either in Great Domesday or in Exon.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 1,14\tab [Exon 111b1]
\par \tab 'CONNERTON'. This was a settlement in Gwythian Ancient Parish. The manor where the hundred met was near Gwithian village (SW5841). Until the eighteenth century 'Connerton' was applied to Gwthian village itself: Thomas, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Gwithian
}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , pp. 3-5. The name Connerton Farm (SW5939) is a nineteenth-century antiquarian revival. Connor Downs (also SW5939) represent the name: Padel, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Cornish Place-Names}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 71.
\par \tab \tab Walter of Claville or Gotshelm, probably his brother, appear to have been farming or managing this estate at the time of the Tax Returns: CON 1 king note.
\par \tab \tab Brictric had probably been the lord of 'Connerton' Hundred, just as Harold was of Winnianton: \{Introduction: Hundreds\}.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab MILL. There are only six mills recorded in Domesday Cornwall (see also 4,10. 5,1,2;22. 5,3,24); for a possible reason for this rather small number, see }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Geography of South-West England}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 334.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab AT FACE VALUE. See 1,1 weighed note and CON 1 king note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 1,15\tab [Exon 111b2-3; Terrae Occupatae 507b8]
\par \tab COSWARTH. This was a settlement in Colan Ancient Parish. The Great Domesday form is }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Gudiford}{\cf1\insrsid335287  (Exon }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Gudiforda}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ) here, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Cudiford}{
\cf1\insrsid335287  (Exon }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Cudifort}{\cf1\insrsid335287 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\cf1\insrsid335287 
in 4,22. It is flanked by two entries in 'Connerton' Hundred in Exon, but it is included correctly among places in Rialton (St Petroc's) Hundred at 205a1 there (= 4,22).}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab PAID TAX. This corrects the first version of }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Explorer}{\cf1\insrsid335287  which omitted 'tax' in error. It was included correctly in the Phillimore printed translation.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab ST PETROC'S HAD 30d OR 1 OX. A customar
y due of 30d or 1 ox occurs also in DEV 43,1. 51,2; compare CON 4,22. The implication is that St Petroc was the overlord of the estate. From the corresponding entry in St Petroc's fief (4,22) it is plain that St Petroc's had indeed held the land in 1066 a
nd that it had been removed. There the due is said to have been '1 ox and 7 sheep'.
\par \tab \tab This statement is a separate entry in Exon (111b3) which has '30d and 1 ox and 7 sheep; now it [the customary due] has been taken away from it'. It also appears in the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae}{\cf1\insrsid335287  thus:}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae}{\cf1\insrsid335287  507b1:}{\insrsid335287 
 The king has a manor which is called Coswarth. Of this [manor] St Petroc had 30d, 1 ox and 7 sheep a year as a customary due in 1066; now it }{\cf1\insrsid335287 [the customary due] }{\insrsid335287 has been taken away from it.
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 122 no. 302.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 1,16\tab [Exon 111b4]
\par \tab BINNERTON. This was a settlement in Crowan Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in 'Connerton' Hundred in 1086. Walter of Claville or Gotshelm, probably his brother, appear to have been 
farming or managing this estate at the time of the Tax Returns: CON 1 king note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 1,17\tab [Exon 112a3]
\par \tab TREVALGA. This was an Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086. The Great Domesday form is }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Melledham}{\cf1\insrsid335287  (Exon }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Melledam}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ), which i
s an older name for the place and survived until 1238 when Alan Basset, lord of }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Meleneledan}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , renounced the advowson of the 'chapel of Trevalga' in favour of Tewkesbury Abbey; see }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 
Annales Monastici}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , i. p. 108; Pounds, 'Domesday Manors of Cornwall', p. 462; Padel, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Cornish Place-Names}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 170. }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 VCH Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
, ii. part 8, p. 66 note 9, proposed Ham in Morwenstow.
\par \tab }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid335287 In Exon this is the final entry in the 'Lands of Queen Matilda in Cornwall'. The main scribe of Great Domesday presumably placed it here as it is a f
ull manorial entry, whereas 1,18-19 (which precede it in Exon) are two lands which, though formerly held by Brictric, did not pass to Queen Matilda.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 1,18\tab [Exon 112a1; Terrae Occupatae 507b2]}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab OF BRICTRIC [* SON OF ALGAR *]'S LANDS. The fief concludes with two lands (1,18-19) not held by Queen Matilda. On Brictric, see 1,13 Brictric note.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab AIULF [* THE CHAMBERLAIN *]. A man called Aiulf held Tremail from St Petroc's Church in 1066 (4,14). Keats-Rohan, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday People}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 127, includes folio 120c (that i
s, to this entry) with her references to Aiulf the chamberlain, but not folio 121a where 4,14 lies.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab CARWORGIE. This was a settlement in the Ancient Parish of St Columb Major. It lay in Rialton (St Petroc's) Hundred, underlining the fact that it had once belonged to that church. For the identification, see }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 VCH Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , ii. part 8, p. 66.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 PLOUGH THERE. In Exon this is 'Aiulf has 1 plough', but there is no mention of 'in lordship', probably in error, as elsewhere.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 
IT PAYS 8d TO ST PETROC'S BY CUSTOM. The case appears to be similar to that of Coswarth (1,15), except that here there is no corresponding entry in 4,22 in the fief of St Petroc's. This statement was an afterthought by the scribe of Exon 112a1 as it was i
nterlined. It also appears in the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae}{\cf1\insrsid335287  thus:
\par \tab \tab }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae}{\cf1\insrsid335287  507b2:}{\insrsid335287  Aiulf has a manor which is called Carworgie, which }{\i\insrsid335287 T.R.E.}{\insrsid335287 
 paid 8d to St Petroc's Church as a customary due, which up till now has been withheld.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 1,19\tab [Exon 112a2]
\par \tab OF BRICTRIC [* SON OF ALGAR *]'S LANDS. The fief concludes with two lands (1,18-19) not held by Queen Matilda. On Brictric, see 1,13 Brictric note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab WALTER OF CLAVILLE. }{\insrsid335287 His brother was probably called Gotshelm and was the holder of}{\cf1\insrsid335287  a single manor fief in Cornwa
ll (CON 7). Walter himself does not otherwise appear in this county. However, he had some presence in Cornwall, for he occurs in the Tax Returns for 'Connerton' Hundred and Stratton Hundred, as does a Gotshelm in 'Connerton' Hundred; see CON 1 king note.}
{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab }{\insrsid335287 Their place of origin is uncertain, as they may have come from one of several places in France called Claville or Clasville: Claville in the d\'e9
partement of Eure (arrondissement Evreux, canton Evreux-ouest) or Claville-Motteville in the d\'e9partement of Seine-Maritime (arrondissement Rouen, canton Cl\'e8
res) or Clasville also in Seine-Maritime (arrondissement Dieppe, canton Cany-Barville); see Dauzat and Rostaing, }{\i\insrsid335287 Dictionnaire des Noms de Lieux en France}{\insrsid335287 , under }{\i\insrsid335287 Clasville}{\insrsid335287 .}{
\i\insrsid335287  }{\insrsid335287 Tengvik, }{\i\insrsid335287 Old English Bynames}{\insrsid335287 , p. 82, seems to confuse both the d\'e9partements and the villages; see also Loyd, }{\i\insrsid335287 Some Anglo-Norman Families}{\insrsid335287 
, p. 29. Walter and Gotshelm held adjacent fiefs in Devon (DEV 24-25) and these had formed a single chapter in Exon. Walter himself also had a fief in Dorset (DOR 41). Their fiefs were subsequently part of the honour of Gloucester. See Keats-Rohan, }{
\i\insrsid335287 Domesday People}{\insrsid335287 , pp. 235, 449.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 VIRGATE. It has not been identified; see CON 1 king note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 2\tab LAND OF THE BISHOP OF EXETER. }{\insrsid335287 
His church, dedicated to St Peter and St Mary, was Exeter Cathedral, established as such in 1050 when the see was transferred there from Crediton. However, it was not a new establishment; there appears to have been a monastery there }{\i\insrsid335287 c}{
\insrsid335287 . 690. There were othe
r early foundations, one by King Ethelred in 868, anther by King Athelstan in 932. Benedictine monks seem to have been introduced in the mid-tenth century. After the monastery and the town were sacked by the Danes in 1003, the monastery was restored by Ki
n
g Cnut in 1019. Secular canons were introduced there when the see was transferred. These are mentioned in Domesday and Exon for DEV 16,89-92 and the canons of DEV 2,2;8;22 probably also belonged to this church. The bishops who spanned the Domesday period 
were:
\par \tab \tab 1050-1072 Leofric consecrated Bishop of Crediton and Cornwall in 1046
\par \tab \tab 1072-1103 Osbern son of Osbern, a Norman chaplain brought to England by Edward}{\insrsid335287  }{\insrsid335287 the Confessor. He was brother of (Earl) William son of Osbern.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\insrsid335287 \tab See Knowles and Hadcock, }{\i\insrsid335287 Medieval Religious Houses}{\insrsid335287 , pp. 414, 425; Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid335287 Domesday People}{\insrsid335287 , p. 315.
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab In Exon the 'Land of the Bishop of Exeter in Cornwall' occupies a whole quire (folios 199a-201b, with the last page blank). The order of lands there is the same as in Great Do
mesday. Most of the estates can be identified in the Tax Returns and the hundredal sequence seems to be:
\par \tab \tab 2,1-2 Winnianton Hundred
\par \tab \tab 2,3 'Tybesta' Hundred
\par \tab \tab 2,4 Pawton Hundred
\par \tab \tab 2,5-9 Rillaton Hundred and Stratton Hundred
\par \tab \tab 2,11 Fawton Hundred
\par \tab 2,12-14 are lands removed from the Church of St Germans. No place-names are assigned to them, so their hundreds cannot be deduced with certainty; see 2,12 hide note; 2,13 acre note; 2,14 virgate note.
\par \tab \tab On the intermixing of places in Rillaton Hundred and Stratton Hundred, see \{Introduction: Hundreds\}.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 2,1\tab [Exon 199a1]
\par \tab TRELIEVER. This was a settlement in Mylor Ancient Parish, later in Mabe Civil Parish, which developed from a chapelry of Mylor. It appears to have lain in Winnianton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab TAX FOR 1 \'bd HIDES \'85 [!1! \'bd HIDE \'85 1 HIDE !1!]. Here it would seem that the manor paid tax on the full amount of land; see 1,2 hides note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 2,2\tab [Exon 199a2; Terrae Occupatae 507b3]
\par \tab METHLEIGH. This was a settlement in Breage Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Winnianton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab UNDERWOOD. Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 silua minuta}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , corresponding to Exon's }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 nemusculum}{\cf1\insrsid335287 .}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab THE COUNT OF MORTAIN. He held Rinsey which is adjacent (1,1).}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab THE FAIR. Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 forum}{\cf1\insrsid335287  here; Exon }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 annuale forum}{\cf1\insrsid335287  ('annual fair') here; }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae feria}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
. Although fairs were common, this is the only occurrence in Great Domesday of one, but in Little Domesday a third part of a fair in Aspall is recorded (SFK 34,18). It was probably only mentioned here because the Bishop of Exeter no longer had 
it on account of its illegal 'removal' by the Count of Mortain. The statement was an afterthought in Exon as it was interlined by the scribe. Markets (Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 mercatum}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
) were held weekly and are regularly included in Domesday Book, as in 2,6 here; see 2,6 market note. }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Forum}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 can also mean 'market place' and appears with this meaning on several occasions in Domesday. The alienation is recorded in the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae}{\cf1\insrsid335287  thus:
\par \tab \tab }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae}{\cf1\insrsid335287  507b3: }{\insrsid335287 The Bishop of Exeter has a manor which is called Methleigh, which Bishop Leofric held (}{\i\insrsid335287 ten'}{\insrsid335287 , unusually for the past }{
\i\insrsid335287 tenebat}{\insrsid335287 /}{\i\insrsid335287 tenuit}{\insrsid335287 ). From this [manor] has been taken away a fair, which lay there in 1066. The Count of Mortain holds it wrongfully.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 122 no. 303; she translates }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 forum}{\cf1\insrsid335287  as 'market'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 2,3\tab [Exon 199a3]
\par \tab TREGAIRE. This was a settlement in Gerrans Ancient Parish; it is the same place that was commonly spelled Tregear. It appears to have lain in 'Tybesta' Hundred in 1086. The identification is due to Henderson, reported in }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 
VCH Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , ii. part 8, p. 103.
\par \tab \tab Between 815 and 839 the Bishopric of Sherborne was granted three major estates, Pawton (2,4), Lawhitton (2,9) and }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Caellwic}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ; see Sawyer, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
, no. 1296; }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Early Charters of Devon and Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 17 no. 75; Hooke, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Charter Bounds of Devon and Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 16. This last estate (written as }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Caellincq }{\cf1\insrsid335287 in Sawyer, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , addition
al no. 1451a) has been identified as Callington, or as Kelly (SX0173) or 'Kellywick' (see Castle Killibury, SX0173) in Egloshayle. If }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Caellwic}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 is Kelly or 'Kellywick', it would probably be represented by Burniere in Egloshayle) in Domesday (2,5). Leaving a
side St Germans (2,6 St German's note), the Bishop of Exeter had in Cornwall in 1086 three important estates: Pawton, Lawhitton and Tregaire. Pawton contained 44 hides (with 60 ploughlands), Lawhitton had 11 hides (with 40 ploughlands) and Tregaire had 12
 hides (with 60 ploughlands). Of the other estates, the largest is Lanherne (2,7) with 3 hides and 10 ploughlands. On these and other grounds, Maxwell, 'Caellincq', is inclined to equate }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Caellwic}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 with Tregaire. He further points out also that in Exon these estates (plus the bishop's part of St German's) are distinguished by the use of }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 reddit}{\cf1\insrsid335287  ('it pays') rather than }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 valet}{
\cf1\insrsid335287  ('it is worth'). However, this may have no value as a supporting argument; see 2,3 value note. On the identification of }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Caellwic}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\cf1\insrsid335287 see Henderson, }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Cornish Church Guide}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 87; Picken, 'Callington and Kelliwic'; Hooke, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Charter Bounds of Devon and Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 16; O'Donovan,}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 
 Charters of Sherborne}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. lvi.
\par \tab \tab These three estates later passed to the Bishopric of Crediton (formed by the division of S
herborne Diocese in 909) then to the Bishopric of Cornwall in 936: 2,6 St German's note. A letter from Archbishop Dunstan to King Ethelred written between 980 and 988 asks him to confirm these three estates on the diocese of Cornwall; see Sawyer, }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , no. 1296; }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Early Charters of Devon and Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 18 no. 94; Hooke, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Charter Bounds of Devon and Cornwall}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 20; O'Donovan,}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  Charters of Sherborne}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , pp. liv-lv. Crediton's claims to them are contained in the 'Plegmund Narrative' which probably dates from the tenth century; see Sawyer, }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , additional no. 1451a; Hooke, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Charter Bounds of Devon and Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 20; O'Donovan,}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  Charters of Sherborne}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 , pp. liv-lv.
\par \tab A member of Tregaire was Treverras: 5,23,4 Trethurffe note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 16 PLOUGHS AND 11 \'bd HIDES. The Exon scribe here accidentally omitted }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 villani habent}{\cf1\insrsid335287  before their ploughs and hides; see 1,1 villagers note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab VALUE NOW \'a38. Exon has 'It pays (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 reddit}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ) \'a38 (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 vi}{\cf1\insrsid335287  corrected to }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 viii}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
) a year'. There are so many occasions when the }{\insrsid335287 main scribe of Great Domesday put }{\i\insrsid335287 valet}{\insrsid335287  for the }{\i\insrsid335287 reddit}{\insrsid335287  of Exon and vice versa, and where }{\i\insrsid335287 reddit}{
\insrsid335287  is interlined above }{\i\insrsid335287 valet}{\insrsid335287  (or vice versa) but without any underlining for deletion, occasionally with }{\i\insrsid335287 vel}{\insrsid335287  ('or') before it, that it would seem that there was no
 difference in meaning between the two words and that the Great Domesday and Exon scribes regarded them as interchangeable. For a fuller discussion, see DEV 2,2 value note; see also CON 4,7 pays note. In view of the shorter length of Cornwall, compared to
 the other south-west counties, it has been decided to include the instances here where the alternative word is used in Great Domesday: 2,4;6;9. 5,1,3;5-6;8-10;12;20;22. 5,24,6;17.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 2,4\tab [Exon 199b1]
\par \tab PAWTON. This was a settlement in St Breock Ancient Parish.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab Pawton was granted with Lawhitton (2,9) and }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Caellwic}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 by King Egbert of Wessex to Sherborne Abbey between 815 and 839, apparently to help establish the Saxon version of Christianity among the Celts and Celtic churches of Cornwall. Pawton was midway 
between Padstow and Bodmin, the epicentres of the followers of St Petroc. On }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Caellwic}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
, see 2,3 Tregaire note. Pawton was probably drawn from the land of St Petroc's and possibly consisted of an area corresponding to the parishes of St Merryn, St Eval, St E
rvan, Little Petherick, St Issey and St Breock which, with the later addition of Padstow (4,4) and Egloshayle (presumably represented by Burniere (2,5) in 1086), formed the later Peculiar of the Bishops of Exeter.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab These three estates, Lawhitton, Pawton and }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Caellwic}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\cf1\insrsid335287 
later passed to the Bishopric of Crediton (formed by the division of Sherborne Diocese in 909) then to the Bishopric of Cornwall in 936: 2,6 St German's note. A letter from Archbishop Dunstan to King Ethelred written between 980 and 988 asks h
im to confirm these three estates on the diocese of Cornwall; see Sawyer, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , no. 1296; }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Early Charters of Devon and Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 18 no. 94; Hooke, }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Charter Bounds of Devon and Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 20; O'Donovan,}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  Charters of Sherborne}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , pp. liv-lv. 
Crediton's claims to them are contained in the 'Plegmund Narrative' which probably dates from the tenth century; see Sawyer, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , additional no. 1451a; Hooke, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 
Charter Bounds of Devon and Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 20; O'Donovan,}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  Charters of Sherborne}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , pp. liv-lv.
\par \tab \tab Pawton with its English termination in }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 \endash tun}{\cf1\insrsid335287  was probably an estate acquired by conquest in the ninth century and manorialized. It may have been part of a larger unit. It became the }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 caput}{\cf1\insrsid335287  of the hundred of Pawton and apparently the only manor in it in 1086. It was a manorial and probably an ecclesiastical hundred and perhaps a Liberty; see \{Introduction: Hundreds\}.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 

\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab VALUE NOW \'a324. Exon has 'It pays \'a324 a year'; see 2,3 value note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 2,5\tab [Exon 199b2]
\par \tab BURNIERE. This was a settlement in Egloshayle Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086. It is not certain when it was acquired nor by which bishopric. If the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Caellwic }{\cf1\insrsid335287 
granted with Pawton (2,4) and Lawhitton (2,9) between 815 and 839 to the Bishopric of Sherborne is to be identified with Kelly or 'Kellywick' in Egloshayle, then Burniere represent this major estate; however, this is unlikely: see 2,3 Tregaire note.}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab BEFORE 1066. The main scribe of Great Domesday accidentally wrote }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 7 }{\cf1\insrsid335287 between }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 T.R.E.}{\cf1\insrsid335287  and }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 geldb'}{\cf1\insrsid335287 .}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab TAX FOR 1 HIDE. Exon has '1 \'bd hides'. The land held in lordship and by the villagers totals 1 \'bd hides, but this is normally the same as the hidage (not recorded here), not the tax assessment; see 1,2 hides note.}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab RICHARD SON
 OF TUROLF HOLDS FROM THE BISHOP. The omission by the main scribe of Great Domesday of this statement, which occurs in Exon after the plough estimate, is interesting. A study of the Exon manuscript provides no obvious reason for it, but in another instanc
e
 of subinfeudation in the bishop's fief (2,7) the Great Domesday scribe put the tenant in the last line of the entry and he may have meant to do so here and forgot. Thereafter in Cornwall he put subtenants at the start of the entry (2,8;10-11). However, i
t is possible that he had received information to correct Exon and that the holding was not subinfeudated.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab In Exon Richard is }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Ricardus filius turol}{\cf1\insrsid335287 . A 'tall' letter was erased after the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 l}{\cf1\insrsid335287  (possibly a }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 d}{
\cf1\insrsid335287  or an }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 f}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ) which is a pity as it would have settled th
e long-running dispute as to whether Richard's father was Turold or Turolf. The Exon scribe here probably realized that he had made a mistake, erased the final letter and intended to return later to insert the correct one. See 5,3 Richard note.}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab [!1! THIS
 MANOR IS [PART] OF THE BISHOP'S LORDSHIP. !1!]. This statement, given in Exon before the value, is unexpected in a chapter on the bishop's lands. It may be linked to the apparent subtenancy of Richard (see 2,5 Richard note), though no other subinfeudated
 land in this chapter has such information. There must be a suspicion that Richard was in the process of wresting this estate from the bishop.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 2,6\tab [Exon 199b3; Terrae Occupatae 507a1]}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab THE MANOR CALLED ST GERMAN'S CHURCH . Exon omits 'church' from the manor's name: }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 episcopus habet mansionem quae uocatur sanctus Germanus}{\cf1\insrsid335287 . The }{\insrsid335287 
main scribe of Great Domesday probably retained the Exon formula 'manor \'85 called \'85' because of the unusual name of the holding, but he clarified it still further by the inclusion of }{\i\f713\insrsid335287 \'eacclesia}{\insrsid335287 
, as he also did in SOM 15,1 (}{\i\f713\insrsid335287 \'eacclesiam Sancti Andre\'ea}{\insrsid335287 ). In DEV 2,8 both Exon and Great Domesday included 'church' before the saint's name. On these so-called 'churchtowns', see Padel, }{\i\insrsid335287 
Cornish Place-Names}{\insrsid335287 , pp. 19-20. In counties that the main scribe
 of Great Domesday had written earlier, however, he had not thought it necessary to include 'church' in such cases: e.g., for St Margaret's [at Cliffe] (KEN M6;14;21. P8 ) and St Pancras (MDX 3,21;29).}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\insrsid335287 \tab \tab }{\cf1\insrsid335287 St German's Church appears to have lain in Rillaton
 Hundred in 1086. The church name has replaced the name of the manor as Christchurch did 'Twynham' in Hampshire (see HAM 1,28 Christchurch note). The earlier name for this place was the hypothetical }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Lannaled}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
, represented only by the Latin adjective }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Lannaledensis}{\cf1\insrsid335287 /}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Lanaletensis}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , whose first element appears to be Cornish }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 lann}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 ('church-site'): Padel, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Cornish Place-Names}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 87.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab }{\insrsid335287 There was possibly a church here in the fifth century and a Celtic monastery in the seventh century. A bis
hopric was established for Cornwall between 833 and 870 by partitioning Sherborne diocese, and the episcopal seat was established at St German's by King Athelstan who granted the 'church and manor of St German's' to Bishop Conan in 936. The installation o
f Conan has long been known from a letter written by Archbishop Dunstan to King Ethelred the Unready between 980 and 988 (Napier and Stevenson, }{\i\insrsid335287 Crawford Char}{\insrsid335287 ters, p. 19) and from John Leland (}{\i\insrsid335287 
Collectanea}{\insrsid335287 , i. p. 75). More recently, notes concerning a 936 cha
rter of King Athelstan have been identified by W.M.M. Picken in a seventeenth-century transcript of the lost register of Plympton Priory: Padel, 'Two New Pre-Conquest Charters', pp. 26-27. The grant included 'all the land of the bishopric', and therefore 
probably the estates of Pawton, Lawhitton and }{\i\insrsid335287 Caellwic}{\insrsid335287  granted to Sherborne in the previous century: }{\i\insrsid335287 omne igitur territorium episcopatus videlicet Beati germani cornubiae regionis Episcopi }{
\insrsid335287 \'85 'Therefore, all the territory of the bishopric, that is of the Blessed German(us), bishop of the region of Cornwall \'85' The phrasing suggests that }{\i\insrsid335287 German}{\insrsid335287 (}{\i\insrsid335287 us}{\insrsid335287 
) was not the famous St German of Auxerre, but a previous bishop canonized, though he does not appear in any list of early bishops; see }{\i\insrsid335287 Early Charters of Devon and Cornwall}{\insrsid335287 , p. 17 no. 77; Olson, }{\i\insrsid335287 
Early Monasteries in Cornwall}{\insrsid335287 , p. 65; Hooke, }{\i\insrsid335287 Charter Bounds of Devon and Cornwall}{\insrsid335287 , p. 18; and 2,3 Tregaire note, 2,4 Pawton note and 2,9 Lawhitton note.
\par \tab \tab Before the grant of St German's, the Bishops of Cornwall had presumably r
esided elsewhere, unless the grant is in fact a confirmation. No Cornish bishop is attested between Kenstec (acceded 833 x 870) and Conan (from 931). It may be that only a toe-hold had been established beyond the Tamar and that the Bishops of Crediton fil
led any gaps. Certainly the 'Plegmund Narrative' suggests that Bishop Eadulf of Crediton (909-934) was given the three estates of Pawton, Lawhitton and }{\i\insrsid335287 Caellwic}{\insrsid335287 
 so that he could annually visit Cornwall and 'expel the people's errors'; see}{\i\insrsid335287  }{\insrsid335287 Sawyer,}{\i\insrsid335287  Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\insrsid335287 ,}{\i\insrsid335287  }{\insrsid335287 additional no. 1451a;}{
\i\insrsid335287  }{\insrsid335287 Hooke, }{\i\insrsid335287 Charter Bounds of Devon and Cornwall}{\insrsid335287 , p. 20; O'Donovan,}{\i\insrsid335287  Charters of Sherborne}{\insrsid335287 
, pp. liv-lv. Crediton had been established as the seat of a bishopric for Devon in 909 by a further subdivision of Sherborne Diocese.
\par \tab \tab T
he diocese of Cornwall merged with that of Devon in 1027 and the seat of both was transferred to Exeter in 1050 by Bishop Leofric who is also credited with introducing canons to St German's at about the same time. In 1086, St German's was a major manor an
d its church still retained the attributes of a cathedral. It became an Augustinian house before 1184; see Knowles and Hadcock, }{\i\insrsid335287 Medieval Religious Houses}{\insrsid335287 , pp. 143, 172, 481; Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid335287 
Domesday People}{\insrsid335287 , p. 532.
\par \tab \tab This large estate will have contained many members, though it may well have been constructed piecemeal and enclosed, but not owned, the manors of other holders. Among its members were probably 3 }{\i\insrsid335287 cassatae}{\insrsid335287 
 at Landrake and 1 }{\i\insrsid335287 cassata}{\insrsid335287  at Tinnel, both in Landulph, which were first granted by King Edward 
(the Martyr) and confirmed on Burwold, Bishop of St Germans, by King Cnut in 1018, as an exchange for Throwleigh, Devon. The bounds of Tinnel skirt around pre-existing estates at Ellbridge (5,2,8) and Landulph (5,3,26) and those of Landrake avoid Tredinni
ck (5,2,15); see }{\cf1\insrsid335287 Sawyer, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , no. 951; }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Early Charters of Devon and Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 19 no. 53; Hooke, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 
Charter Bounds of Devon and Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 55.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab The church of St German's established the borough and manor of 'Cuddenbeak' on its land; see Beresford and Finberg, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 English Medieval Boroughs}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 81; Youngs, }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Local Administrative Units}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , i. p. 68.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 24 HIDES. The division between the bishop and the canons is reflected elsewhere in Domesday, for example in Middlesex where the Bishop of London shares 
his fief with the canons of St Pauls (MDX 3); see also SSX 3 and LIN 7 (in LIN 7,57 the bishop and canons share Redbourne). In some counties separate chapters are allocated for such a division (e.g., HRT 4 and HRT 13; ESS 3-5.).}{\cf1\insrsid335287 

\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab VALUE NOW \'a38. Exon has 'It pays \'a38 a year'; see 2,3 value note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab TO THE CANONS. Exon clarifies this by stating that the 100s are for the canons' use (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 ad opus canonichorum}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ).}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab IS A MARKET \'85 COUNT OF MORTAIN. Exon has 'was a market in 1066 \'85
 now it is reduced to nothing because of the market which the Count of Mortain set up near there in a castle of his on the same day'. Presumably this castle was the one at Trematon with a market in it paying 3s (5,2,11). Trematon, however, was three miles
 away across the tidal reaches of the River Tiddy and the River Lynher. This statement occurs in the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae}{\cf1\insrsid335287  thus:
\par \tab \tab }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae }{\cf1\insrsid335287 507a1: }{\insrsid335287 The Bishop of Exeter has a manor which is called St Germans, which Bishop Leofric held. In it there was a m
arket on Sunday in 1066. Now it is reduced to nothing because of (}{\i\insrsid335287 per}{\insrsid335287 ) the market which the Count of Mortain set up near there in a castle of his on the same day.
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , pp. 122-23 no. 304; she translates }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 redigitur }{\cf1\insrsid335287 (
'it is reduced') as 'it has been reduced' without comment.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab IN THE LEFT MARGIN level with the second and third lines of this entry there is a mark resembling <, the purpose of which is not known. It is in a similar colour ink to the adjacent text and is
 probably a pen slip, but it might be a checking mark; on the variety of such marks and their possible purposes, see Thorn, 'Marginal Notes and Signs'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 2,7\tab [Exon 200a1]
\par \tab LANHERNE. For the identification, see }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 VCH Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , ii. part 8, p. 68 note 14, and }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Feudal Aids}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
, i. p. 204. Lanherne was a settlement in the Ancient Parish of Mawgan-in-Pydar. Hundredal order and the evidence of the Tax Returns suggest that in 1086 this place lay in either Rillaton Hundred or Stratton Hundred. If correctly identified, it
 will have been separated from Stratton Hundred by the episcopal manor-hundred of Pawton (2,4). This need not itself undermine the identification if Pawton had been granted out of Stratton Hundred or the royal territory centred on Stratton that preceded i
t: \{Introduction: Hundreds\}. The form (Great Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Lanherwev}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , Exon }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Lanherueu}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ) would be an error for }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Lanherneu}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
, assuming Lanherne is meant. Numerous errors were caused by a scribe wrongly joining up minims: here the Exon scribe or the scribe of his exemplar wrote }{\i\f717\cf1\insrsid335287 \'fd\'fd}{\cf1\insrsid335287  as }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 u}{
\cf1\insrsid335287  instead of }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 n}{\cf1\insrsid335287 . On this Exon scribe's errors during this stint of work, see 2,10 hides note.
\par \tab \tab In the thirteenth century Lanherne was held by the Arundell family, who were to become important in Cornish affairs. Lanherne came from Alice }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 de Lanhern}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 as her paternal inheritance when she married Remfrey Arundell II. From her mother she brought 'Connerton' (1,14); see }{\insrsid335287 Fox and Padel, }{\i\insrsid335287 Cornish Lands of the Arundells of Lanherne}{\insrsid335287 , p. xiii.}{
\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab FULCARD <OF LANHERNE>. }{\insrsid335287 Fulcard occurs five times in Domesday 
Book, held from five tenants-in-chief in three widely separated counties. The name probably represents three individuals, one in each county. Lanherne, remote from the Fulcards of Berkshire and Suffolk, will have been the sole property of its tenant (JP).
}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 2,8\tab [Exon 200b1]
\par \tab HOLDS \'85 FROM THE BISHOP. The main scribe of Great Domesday may have written}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  ten' de epo'}{\cf1\insrsid335287  over an erasure, or the parchment may merely be roughened here.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab The Richard here may well be Richard son of Turolf.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab TINTEN. This was a settlement in St Tudy Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 2,9\tab [Exon 200b2]
\par \tab LAWHITTON. This was an Ancient Parish. A Cornish place-name has had the Old English -}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 tun}{\cf1\insrsid335287  added. The original Cornish name of Lawhitton, less its first element (Old Cornish }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 nant}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 , 'valley' or }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 lann}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , 'church-site'), is represented by Old Wit in South Petherwin (SX322817): Padel, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Cornish Place-Names}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 108.
\par \tab \tab In the order of Great Domesday and Exon La
whitton comes in a group of places in either Stratton Hundred or Rillaton Hundred. Geographically it falls clearly in Rillaton Hundred, close to the border with Devon. However, its large hidage seems to suggest that it was included in the Tax Return for S
tratton Hundred.
\par \tab \tab Lawhitton was granted with Pawton (2,4) and }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Caellwic}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 by King Egbert of Wessex to Sherborne Abbey between 815 and 839, apparently to help establish the Saxon version of Christianity among the Celts and Celtic churches of Cornwall. Lawhitto
n was a large estate extending over several parishes (Lawhitton, Lezant, South Petherwin, Trewen) and including }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Dunhevet}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
, which became Launceston. The important Celtic church of St Stephen lay north of it just over the River Kensey: 4,2 St Stephen's note. 5,1,22 Launceston note. For the identity of }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Caellwic}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
, see 2,3 Tregaire note.
\par \tab \tab These three estates later passed to the Bishopric of Crediton (formed by the division of Sherborne Diocese in 909) then to the Bishopric of Cornwall in 936: 2,6 St Germans note.
 A letter from Archbishop Dunstan to King Ethelred written between 980 and 988 asks him to confirm these three estates on the diocese of Cornwall; see Sawyer, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , no. 1296; }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Early Charters of Devon and Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 18 no. 94; Hooke, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Charter Bounds of Devon and Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 20; O'Donovan,}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  Charters of Sherborne}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 , pp. liv-lv. Crediton's claims to them are contained in the 'Plegmund Narrative' which probably dates from the tenth century: Sawyer, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , additional no. 1451a; Hooke, }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Charter Bounds of Devon and Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 20; O'Donovan,}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  Charters of Sherborne}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , pp. liv-lv.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab FORMERLY \'a38; VALUE NOW \'a317. Exon has 'It pays \'a317 a year and when the bishop acquired it, it paid \'a38'. On the use of }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 reddit}{\cf1\insrsid335287  for }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 valet}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 , see 2,3 value note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 2,10\tab [Exon 200b3]
\par \tab ROLAND [!1! THE ARCHDEACON !1!]. The Exon scribe wrote }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 archidi}{\cf1\insrsid335287  as the last word on 200b and completed it with }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 diachon'}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 on a new folio (201a) without noticing that this produced }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 archididiachon'}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , not the correct }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 archidiachon'}{\cf1\insrsid335287 .}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 'LANISLEY'. 'Lanisley' is in Gulval Ancient Parish, and clearly stands for it. It appears to have lain in 'Connerton' Hundred in 1086. The Great Domesday form is }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Landicle}{\cf1\insrsid335287  (Exon }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Landicla}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ) and survived as Lanisley Common (1888). Gulval was the identification adopted in the Phillimore printed translation. The modern name Gulval means 'the church of Saint Welveda': Padel, }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Cornish Place-Names}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 91. An alternative parish name is 'Lanesly': Youngs, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Local Administrative Units}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , i. p. 61.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 \'bd HIDES THERE. The land held in lor
dship and by the villagers amounts to 2 hides. The Exon scribe here may have made a mistake in the villagers' holding, writing 3 virgates instead of 1 virgate. He made a number of errors during his stint of writing here, which he corrected himself. The vi
llagers' land in the next entry in Exon (= 2,11) is '3 virgates' which might have been the source of his error, if one. Compare 1,12 hides note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 2,11\tab [Exon 201a1]
\par \tab ST WINNOW. This was an Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Fawton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab TAX FOR 1 HIDE \'85 [!1! 1 VIRGATE \'85 3 VIRGATES !1!]. Here it would seem that the manor paid tax on the full amount of land; see 1,2 hides note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 2,12\tab [Exon 201a2; Terrae Occupatae 507a2]
\par \tab 
1 HIDE OF LAND. The identity of this land is not certain. Among the Count of Mortain's lands tenanted by Reginald (see 2,14 Reginald [!1! of Vautortes !1!] and Hamelin note), there are holdings of 1 hide at 5,2,13-14;17;28, but in none of these is there m
ention of any customary payment.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab This alienation is recorded in the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae}{\cf1\insrsid335287  thus:
\par \tab \tab }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae}{\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\insrsid335287 507a2: From St German's Church has been taken away 1 hide of land, which was in the lordship of the aforesaid church. It paid 1 barrel of ale an
d 30d as a customary due there in 1066. Now Reginald of Vautortes holds it from the Count of Mortain.
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 123 no. 305.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 [***] BARREL OF ALE. In the manuscript there is a tiny slit in the parchment between }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 un}{\i\f720\cf1\insrsid335287 \'e2 }{\cf1\insrsid335287 and }{\i\f720\cf1\insrsid335287 cup\'e2 ceruis\'e6}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 , which has been patched and which the main scribe of Great Domesday avoided. In the Ordnance Survey facsimile this slit wrongly appears like a pen mark; it is not visible in the Alecto facsimile.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 2,13\tab [Exon 201a3; Terrae Occupatae 507a3]
\par \tab 1 ACRE OF LAND. The identity is not certain. There are one-acre estates held from the Count of Mortain by Reginald (see 2,14 Reginald [!1! of Vautortes !1!] and Hamelin note) at 5,2,7-8;22. Of these, the plough estimate given here agrees with the est
imates given in 5,2,7-8.
\par \tab \tab This alienation is recorded in the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae}{\cf1\insrsid335287  thus:
\par \tab \tab }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae}{\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\insrsid335287 507a3: From St German's Church has been taken away 1 acre of land, which was [part] of the church's lordship in 1066. Reginald of Vautortes holds it fro
m the Count of Mortain.
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 123 no. 305.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 2,14\tab [Exon 201a4; Terrae Occupatae 507a4]
\par \tab 1 VIRGATE OF LAND. This land is impossible to identify. There are holdings of 1 virgate in the hands of Hamelin (see 2,14 
Reginald [!1! of Vautortes !1!] and Hamelin note) at 5,5,5;8;14. Of these, 5,5,14 was held in 1066 by a Brictric. If this is Brictric son of Algar, he had elsewhere taken land from St Petroc's (1,15;18), but this is a tenuous connection.
\par \tab \tab This alienation is recorded in the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae}{\cf1\insrsid335287  thus:
\par \tab \tab }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae}{\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\insrsid335287 507a4: From St German's Church has been taken away 1 virgate of land, which was [part] of the church's lordship in 1066. Hamelin holds it from the count.
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 123 no. 305.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab THESE WERE. That is, the 1 hide, 1 acre and 1 virgate that had been taken away from St German's Church (2,12-14).}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab REGINALD [!1! OF VAUTORTES !1!] AND HAMELIN. They were tenants of the Count of Mortain (5,2 and 5,5 respectively). Exon (201a2-3) specifies that Reginald of Vautortes was holding the hide and the acre, and Hamelin the virgate.}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 2,15\tab BISHOP LEOFRIC \'85 10
66. Leofric was Bishop of Exeter 1050-1072. As usual Exon gives this information in each entry after the manor's name; the main scribe of Great Domesday probably decided to save time and space and include this information just once at the end of the fief,
 as he had done elsewhere in Domesday with both }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 T.R.E. }{\cf1\insrsid335287 
and 1086 tenants and other details relating to more than one entry; compare, for example, the statements on tenure in 1,12 and those in DEV 1, SOM 1, DOR 1 etc.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab The somewhat emphatic statement of tit
le to all the lands of the fief may have been occasioned by the depredations of the Count of Mortain or possibly to emphasize that the lands belonged to the bishopric and were not any part of the personal holdings of his successor, Bishop Osbern (JP).}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 3\tab 
THE MAIN SCRIBE OF GREAT DOMESDAY should have entered the lands of Tavistock Church, a locally important Benedictine abbey, before those of the churches of St Michael and other minor Cornish churches. In Exon the 'Lands of the Abbot of Tavistock in Corn
wall' (180b2-181b) are entered second in a quire, after the abbey's lands in Devon, and this may be the reason why the main scribe of Great Domesday initially omitted its fief. However, a check of Exon led to the correction of the order when he rubricated
 the county, placing }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 IIII}{\cf1\insrsid335287  beside 'The Land of St Michael' and }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 III}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 beside 'The Land of Tavistock Church' and putting a pair of identical transposition signs beside each fief. The correct order is given in the Landholders' List on folio 120a. In the Ordnance Survey facsimile (reproduced here) the number }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 IIII}{\cf1\insrsid335287  is reproduced in black, overwritten with red, and the last minim is very blurred. This led Finn into various and differing errors concerning the colour of these four minims and their 'correction': Finn, 'I
mmediate Sources', p. 71; }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 idem}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Inquest}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 169; }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 idem}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Liber Exoniensis}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 144. A study of the manuscript of Great Domesday has revealed that the whole of the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 IIII}{\cf1\insrsid335287  was written in vermilion and not corrected. The order of the manuscript was preser
ved in the Phillimore printed translation and in the Alecto edition, but has been corrected here.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab LAND OF TAVISTOCK CHURCH. Tavistock is in Devon. The foundation of this Benedictine monastery was a project of King Edgar and Ordgar, Earl of Devon, in 961,
 realized by the latter's son Ordwulf following his father's death in 971. The completion dates from between 975 and 980 and the foundation charter, issued in the name of King Aethelred II, is dated 981: }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 
Early Charters of Devon and Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 13 no. 43 (= Kemble, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Codex Diplomaticus}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , no. 629 = }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Monasticon Anglicanum}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , ii. p. 495 = Sawyer, }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , no. 838); see Finberg, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Tavistock Abbey}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\cf1\insrsid335287 pp. 278-83; }{\insrsid335287 Hooke, }{\i\insrsid335287 
Charter Bounds of Devon and Cornwall}{\insrsid335287 , pp. 115-16}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ). The church was dedicated to the Virgin Mary and St Rumon(us) and held land in Dorset, Devon and Cornwall. }{\insrsid335287 
The abbey was burnt by the Danes in 997 but rebuilt soon after. Its foundation in the Devonshire hundred of Lifton was not unconnected with offering an example of the Benedictine ideal to Co
rnwall. The royal manor of Lifton had administered lands in Cornwall since at least the time of King Alfred; see \{Introduction: History\} and \{Introduction: Ecclesiastical Organization\}.
\par \tab The abbots who spanned the Domesday period were:
\par }{\i\insrsid335287 \tab \tab c}{\insrsid335287 . 1043 -1082 Sihtric
\par }{\i\insrsid335287 \tab \tab c}{\insrsid335287 . 1082 - }{\i\insrsid335287 c}{\insrsid335287 . 1088 Geoffrey
\par \tab On the abbey and its history, see Finberg, }{\i\insrsid335287 Tavistock Abbey}{\insrsid335287 ; Knowles and Hadcock, }{\i\insrsid335287 Medieval Religious Houses}{\insrsid335287 , pp. 57, 77; Knowles, Brooke and London, }{\i\insrsid335287 
Heads of Religious Houses}{\insrsid335287 , pp. 71-73; Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid335287 Domesday People}{\insrsid335287 , p. 515.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab 
In this chapter the order of Exon is the same as that of Great Domesday. All Tavistock Abbey's holdings were in the east of Cornwall in Stratton and Rillaton Hundreds, the estates of the two hundreds apparently being intermixed here; see \{Introduction
: Hundreds\}
. Of these estates Sheviock, Antony and Rame (3,1-3) certainly lay in Rillaton Hundred (evidence from the Tax Return) and Tolcarne and Boyton (3,6-7) probably in Stratton Hundred. Certain estates, such as Trewornan (3,4), lay where the two hundr
eds adjoined and could have been in either in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 3,1\tab [Exon 180b1]
\par \tab SHEVIOCK. This was an Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Rillaton Hundred in 1086. It was among the estates granted to the abbey at its foundation: CON 3 Tavistock note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab Exon gives its }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 T.R.E.}{\cf1\insrsid335287  holder as Abbot Sihtric (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 c}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
. 1043-1082). The main scribe of Great Domesday may have intended to give this information at the end of the fief, as he had done in chapter 2 (see 2,15), although it does not occur in Exon in the entry corresponding to 3,2.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab ERMENHALD <OF SHEVIOCK>. He might have been the ancestor of the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 de Alneto}{\cf1\insrsid335287  family: Keats-Rohan, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday People}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 190.}{\insrsid335287 

\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab }{\insrsid335287 The Ermenhald who held seven properties from Tavistock Abbey was the only person with that name in Domesday Book (JP).}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab REST OF THE LAND. Exon has }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 aliam terram}{\cf1\insrsid335287 . The Latin adjective }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 alius}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 normally means 'another', 'other', but it was decided in the Phillimore printed translation to render }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 aliam terram}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 in this phrase here and elsewhere as 'the rest of the land', as this is its meaning here. Strictly, the Latin adjective }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 reliquus}{\cf1\insrsid335287  ('remaining') or }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 alter}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 ('the other') should have been used. On what 'the land' is, see 1,2 hides note.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 3,2\tab [Exon 180b3]
\par \tab ERMENHALD <OF SHEVIOCK>. See 3,1 Ermenhald note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab ANTONY. This was an Ancient Parish and included the chapelry of Torpoint. It appears to have lain in Rillaton Hundred in 1086. It was probably acquired by the abbey after 1066: 3,2 Horton note. For a discus
sion of the manor, see Finberg, 'Childe's Tomb'; }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 idem}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Tavistock Abbey}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , pp. 4-5. No }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 T.R.E.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 holder is given in Exon for this manor.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab LAND FOR 6 PLOUGHS. The detail in Great Domesday and Exon totals 7 ploughs; this is the only occurrence of overstocking in Domesday Cornwall (see 1,2 ploughs note), though scribal error cannot be ruled out.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 

\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab IN LORDSHIP. The Exon scribe here omitted }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 in dominio}{\cf1\insrsid335287  ('in lordship') in this entry, probably in error.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab THE ABBOT OF HORTON CLAIMS. Horton Abbey was in Dorset.
\par \tab \tab William of Malmesbury, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Gesta Pontificum Anglorum}{\cf1\insrsid335287  (Hamilton,}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\cf1\insrsid335287 
i. pp. 202-204) tells how a certain Ordulf died at Horton Abbey but that Abbot Sihtric of Tavistock took the body to his own abbey and seized the legacies that Ordulf had given to Horton. These presumab
ly included the manor of Antony. William's story may have some truth in it, but he identifies this Ordulf with the Ordulf son of Ordgar who founded Tavistock Abbey, though William attributes this foundation to Ordgar himself, not his son. The Ordulf who d
ied at Horton Abbey and may have bequeathed Antony to it is the prominent Devonshire landholder of 1066; see Finberg, 'House of Ordgar', pp. 190-201; Finberg, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Lucerna}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , pp. 190-200; O'Donovan,}{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287  Charters of Sherborne}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. lx. See also Fleming, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 123 no. 314.
\par \tab \tab The manuscript of Exon has }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 calu'niat'}{\cf1\insrsid335287  (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 calumniator}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ) for 'claims' here; Ellis, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Libri Censualis}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , misprinted }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 calu'mat'}{\cf1\insrsid335287  (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 calummatur}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ), which is not a Latin word. In the Notes to the Phillimore printed edition this sentence was mistak
enly included under 3,7 (which also mention a claim by an abbot) rather than here.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab THIS LAND. Exon has 'this manor'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 3,3\tab [Exon 181a1]
\par \tab ERMENHALD <OF SHEVIOCK>. See 3,1 Ermenhald note. In Exon his name is abbreviated to }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 E.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , even at its first occurrence in the entry.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab RAME. This was an Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Rillaton Hundred in 1086. It is possible that this estate was part of a large area of land, 18 hides at }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Ros}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 and Maker, granted to Sherborne Abbey in the ninth century, if }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Ros}{\cf1\insrsid335287  is to be identified with the Rame peninsula; see }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Early Charters of Devon and Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
, p. 16 no. 74; Hooke, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Charter Bounds of Devon and Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 16; O'Donovan,}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  Charters of Sherborne}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
, p. xlviii; and 5,2,14 Maker note. If so, it was re-granted to Tavistock Abbey at its foundation: CON 3 Tavistock note.
\par \tab \tab Abbot Sihtric held it according to Exon; see 3,1 Sheviock note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 3,4\tab [Exon 181a2]
\par \tab ERMENHALD <OF SHEVIOCK>. See 3,1 Ermenhald note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab TREWORNAN. This lay in St Minver Ancient Parish. It was identified in the Phillimore printed translation as Tregrenna (SX2379) which was in Altarnun parish, Stratton Hundred. However, it was pointed out th
ere that in the order of Exon it is included between places in Rillaton Hundred. It is possible, though, that there was a subsequent adjustment of the Stratton-Rillaton boundary in this area and that Tregrenna was in Rillaton Hundred in 1086; see 5,24,5 H
alvana? note and 5,26,1 Trewint note. However, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 VCH Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , ii. part 8, p. 67 note 10, had identified Trewornan which }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid335287  adopted as did Maxwell, }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Settlements of Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 . This is now accepted by Padel (personal comment). As far as is known, Tregrenna was never held by Tavistock Abbey. The form }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Tregrenon }{\cf1\insrsid335287 
in Great Domesday and Exon appears thus in a confirmation to Tavistock Abbey by Pope Celestine III in 1193 and appears to be the same place as }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Trewronan}{\cf1\insrsid335287  (that is Trewornan) in 1306: Oliver, }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Monasticon}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 95 no. ii; }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Feudal Aids}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
, i. p. 205. However, if the identification is correct, this holding will certainly have lain in Stratton Hundred and the disruption of the order of Exon is unexplained, unless in reality places in the hundreds o
f Rillaton and Straton are intermingled, rather than forming separate blocks.
\par \tab \tab Abbot Sihtric held it according to Exon; see 3,1 Sheviock note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab THIS CHURCH. This corrects 'the church' in the first version of }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Explorer}{\cf1\insrsid335287 .}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 3 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon allocates 1 plough to the lordship and 2 ploughs to the villagers. It also mentions 1 furlong (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 fertinum}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
) in lordship and states that the villagers have the rest [of the land] (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 alia}{\cf1\insrsid335287 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 m}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ]; }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 terram}{\cf1\insrsid335287  omitted).}{\cf1\insrsid335287 

\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 3,5\tab [Exon 181a3]
\par \tab ERMENHALD <OF SHEVIOCK>. See 3,1 Ermenhald note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab PENHARGET. This was a settlement in St Ive Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Rillaton Hundred in 1086. }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 VCH Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
, ii. part 8, p. 67 note 11, identified the holding as at Penhawger in Menheniot.
\par \tab \tab Abbot Sihtric held it according to Exon; see 3,1 Sheviock note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 PLOUGH THERE. Exon has 'Ermenhald has 1 furlong (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 fertinum}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ) and 1 plough in lordship'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 3,6\tab [Exon 181b1]
\par \tab HE ALSO. That is, Ermenhald, as in Exon; see 3,1 Ermenhald note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab TOLCARNE. This was a settlement in North Hill Ancient Parish, and is distinct from [Higher] Tolcarne in the Ancient Parish of Mawgan-in-Pydar (4,22). It appears to have lain in Rillaton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 

\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab Abbot Sihtric held it according to Exon; see 3,1 Sheviock note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 3,7\tab [Exon 181b2; Terrae Occupatae 508a7]
\par \tab FOUR MANORS. Exon adds 'which Abbot Sihtric bought with the church's goods (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 de bonis aecclesiae}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ) in 1066'. It also states that the abbot was claiming them 'for the church's use (}{\i\f713\cf1\insrsid335287 
ad opus \'eacclesi\'ea}{\cf1\insrsid335287 )'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 
BOYTON, ILLAND?, TREBEIGH, TREWANTA. These manors duly appear in the Count of Mortain's fief. Boyton is held by Hamelin (5,5,4) and Trewanta, Illand? and Trebeigh by the count himself (5,1,16-17;20). For the identification of all four manors, see Finbe
rg, 'Boiton, Elent, Trebican, Trewant'. Their removal from Tavistock Abbey is not mentioned in the Count of Mortain's fief. However, it is said that Abbot Sihtric of Tavistock had held Trenowth (5,1,7), not mentioned here, and Exon specifies that the Siht
ric who had held Trewanta (5,1,16) was the abbot, so it is likely that the Sihtric of the next entry (Illand? 5,1,17) was also the abbot.
\par \tab }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid335287 These four estates were purchased for Tavistock Abbey by Sihtric during his abbacy and in the case of Boyton and Tre
beigh it appears that he had purchased the reversion of the estates as he is not recorded as their holder in 1066; see Finberg, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Tavistock Abbey}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 6.
\par \tab \tab Boyton is a fully English name (Boia's }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 tun}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ) like several in this area of important English settlement: see \{Introduction: History\}
. It was regarded both as an Ancient Parish and as a chapelry; for its connection with Werrington (DEV 1,50), see 5,5,4 Boyton note.
\par \tab \tab Illand was a settlement in North Hill Ancient Parish. Trebeigh was in St Ive Ancient Parish and Trewanta was in Lawannick. One }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 pertica}{\cf1\insrsid335287  beneath }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Elddin}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 (i.e. Illand) was given in 1044 by King Edward to Ordgar 'his faithful servant' (Latin, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 minister}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ). Its relation to this estate at Illand is unclear.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab THE ABBOT ^[OF TAVISTOCK]^ CLAIMS THAT. The Phill
imore printed translation has 'The Abbot claims them because they have been taken from the Church'. This misunderstands a common way of handling a reported statement in Medieval Latin. The abbot is named as Geoffrey (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Gaufridus}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 ) in the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae}{\cf1\insrsid335287  entry (see below).
\par \tab \tab After }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Abb' calu'niat'}{\cf1\insrsid335287  in the manuscript of Great Domesday a word has been erased; Farley reproduced the gap left by it. The word erased was of about three letters and was probably }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 abb'}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , faint signs of which are just visible in the manuscript;}{\insrsid335287  the scribe occasionally repeated words in error and then erased them. However, he may have written }{\i\insrsid335287 has}{
\insrsid335287 , intending }{\i\insrsid335287 has terras}{\insrsid335287  ('these lands') - compare }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 calumniatur hanc terram}{\cf1\insrsid335287  in 3,2 - but then decided to reinforce the claim with a clause. He should hav
e drawn in a link-line to indicate that he did not intend to add anything in the space.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab This alienation is recorded in the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae}{\cf1\insrsid335287  thus:}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae}{\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\insrsid335287 508a7: From Tavistock Abbey have been taken away 4 manors, which Abbot Sihtric had bought
 with the church's goods in 1066. Now the Count of Mortain holds them wrongfully. These are the names of the manors: Boyton, Illand?, Trebeigh and Trewanta. Abbot Geoffrey claims these for the church's use.
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , pp. 123-24 no. 315.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 4\tab 
THE SCRIBE OF GREAT DOMESDAY mistakenly entered 'The Land of St Michael's' before, rather than after, 'The Land of Tavistock Church' which was a locally important abbey. He corrected his error when he rubricated the folios of Cornwall by putting a }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 IIII}{\cf1\insrsid335287  beside the former and a }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 III}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 beside the latter. The correct order is given in the Landholders' List on folio 120a. The order of the manuscript was preserved in the Phillimore printed translation and in the Alecto edition, but has been 
corrected here. For a possible reason for the scribe's mistake and for the shortcomings of the Ordnance Survey facsimile, see CON 3 scribe note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab LAND OF ST MICHAEL'S. This is St Michael on the Mount, the Church of St Michael's Mount, in Cornwall; see 4,1 St Michael's note.
\par \tab \tab Though called the 'Land of St Michael's', this chapter actually contains a number of minor, mostly Celtic, churches. In Great
 Domesday, the two churches dedicated to universal and non-Celtic saints (St Michael and St Stephen: 4,1-2) are promoted to the beginning of the chapter. The policy of the main scribe of Great Domesday seems to have been to start with St Michael's as a No
rmanized church and th}{\insrsid335287 
en to list those churches that had canons (4,2-27), beginning with the non-Celtic Church of St Stephen (4,2) and choosing next the largest Celtic church, St Petroc's (4,3 onwards). He then added a church staffed by clerics (4,28) and f
inished with a church that appears to have had no ecclesiastics in 1086 (4,29).
\par \tab \tab }{\cf1\insrsid335287 In Exon one quire (202a-209b; the last folio is blank) contains the holdings of all the churches, individually headed except for one (see 4,29 holding note). The quire, written by one of the chief scribes of the }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Liber Exoniensis}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , starts with St Petroc's, which was the most important of all these churches in terms of its landholding. The order of Exon is:}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab St Petroc's: 4,3-12;18-19 (Rialton (St Petroc's) Hundred). 4,20;13-16 (Stratton Hundred). 4,17 (Fawton Hundred). 4,21 ('Tybesta' Hundred?). 4,22
\par \tab \tab (Lands taken away, predominantly in Rialton (St Petroc's) Hundred)
\par \tab \tab St Achebran's: 4,23 (Winnianton Hundred)
\par \tab \tab St Probus' 4,24: ('Tybesta' Hundred)
\par \tab \tab St Carentoc's: 4,25 (Rialton (St Petroc's) Hundred?)
\par \tab \tab St Stephen's: 4,2 (Rillaton Hundred)
\par \tab \tab St Piran's: 4,26 ('Perran' itself perhaps lay Rialton (St Petroc's) Hundred; the lands taken away were in Stratton Hundred)
\par \tab \tab St Constantine's: 4,29 (Winnianton Hundred)
\par \tab \tab St Buryan's: 4,27 ('Connerton' Hundred)
\par \tab \tab St Neot's: 4,28 (Fawton Hundred)
\par \tab St Michael's: 4,1 ('Connerton' Hundred).
\par \tab The land of St Petroc's (if 4,22 is ignored) is entered in a hundredal sequence, no hundred appearing more than once, but there is no such arrangement of tho
se churches that hold single estates (4,1-2;23-29) where both 'Connerton' and Winnianton Hundreds appear twice.
\par \tab \tab Two further Celtic churches are found holding land in the Tax Returns, but not in Exon nor in Great Domesday. They should no doubt have been included in this chapter. }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Sanctus Goranus}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 is remitted tax on \'bd hide in the Tax Return for 'Tybesta' Hundred. The church and its land lay at Gorran (SW9942). It is possible that its land had been absorbed by a nearby estate, for example Bodrugan (5,3,10). }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Sanctus Che}{
\cf1\insrsid335287  is similarly remitted tax on \'bd hide in 'Tybesta' Hundred. This is no doubt the land at Old Kea (5,24,12) although the alienation is not mentioned there.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab St Kew would have been included here also if it had not been deprived of its land at Treroosel (5,24,14) and probably elsewhere: 1,4 Lanow note.
\par \tab \tab A further small Celtic church holding land was St Heldenus (St Hyldren) which was granted land at Lanlawren in Lanteglos by a Cornishman, Maenchi, between 924 and 939: Padel, 'Two New Pre-Conquest Charters', p. 26; Hooke, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 
Charter Bounds of Devon and Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 18. The church itself apparently lay in Lansallos, but has left no trace in Domesday Book.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 4,1\tab [Exon 208b1; Terrae Occupatae 507b16]}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab ST MICHAEL'S CHURCH. This is the Church of St Michael's Mount, Cornwall. }{\insrsid335287 
There was perhaps some monastic establishment here from the eighth century: according to William of Worcester, writing in 1478, St Michael is believed to have appeared here in 710. Th
ere was definitely a religious house here by the eleventh century and its holding at Truthwall pre-dates the Conquest; it was held in 1066 by Brictmer the priest, and said to have been taken by the Count of Mortain from St Michael's church (5,25,5). The c
o
rresponding entry in Exon adds that the hide taken from this holding was part 'of the lordship of St Michael's'. It is not certain how this church was organized in 1086; Domesday does not mention canons in connection with it and it may already have been B
e
nedictine. Previously it had probably been a community of Cornish priests, perhaps themselves successors to monks or anchorites or a hermit. Certainly any college of priests would need to be sustained by land under cultivation and as the Mount itself is u
nsuitable for this it could be that the conversion of a small monastic cell to a college coincided with the acquisition of Truthwall.
\par \tab \tab The Mount was granted to the Benedictine Abbey of Mont-Saint-Michel, Normandy, perhaps because of the similarity of the s
ites, some time in the eleventh century. There is a purported grant of Edward the Confessor made between 1027 and 1035 which gives to the Abbey of Mont-Saint-Michel, the land at St Michael's Mount and in addition }{\i\insrsid335287 Vennesire}{
\insrsid335287  and a harbour called }{\i\insrsid335287 Ruminella}{\insrsid335287 ; see Sawyer, }{\i\insrsid335287 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\insrsid335287 , no. 1061 (= the Cartulary of St Michael's Mount (Hull p. 61)); Hooke, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 
Charter Bounds of Devon and Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , }{\insrsid335287 p. 53. It is possible that }{\i\insrsid335287 Vennesire}{\insrsid335287  is a territorial unit like Triggshire and was the land dependent on the royal 
manor of Winnianton, that is, the Hundred of Winnianton, later Kerrier. If so, the grant did not take effect or was revoked by the Conqueror; see 1,1 Winnianton note and \{Introduction: Hundreds\}
. It has also been identified with 'Wivelshire' (which as East Wivelshire and West Wivelshire were the successors to Rillaton Hundred) and with Devonshire. }{\i\insrsid335287 Ruminella}{\insrsid335287 
 has been identified with Old Romney (Kent), but is more likely to be a Cornish harbour. Sawyer, }{\i\insrsid335287 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\insrsid335287 , }{\cf1\insrsid335287 no. }{\insrsid335287 1061, suggests Trevalga, but w
ithout giving reasons. Canon Taylor (Taylor, }{\i\insrsid335287 Celtic Christianity of Cornwall}{\insrsid335287 , pp 140-168) proposed that }{\i\insrsid335287 Ruminella}{\insrsid335287 
 was the port of Ruan Minor, that is, Cadgwith. The opinion of Pierre Chaplais, reported in Hull, }{\i\insrsid335287 Cartulary of St Michael's Mount}{\insrsid335287 , p. xi, was that }{\i\insrsid335287 Ruminella}{\insrsid335287 
 might be a corrupt form of }{\i\insrsid335287 Treiwal}{\insrsid335287  (that is, of Truthwall itself), the corruption beginning with a misreading of monogrammatic }{\i\scaps\insrsid335287 T}{\i\scaps\fs16\insrsid335287 R}{\insrsid335287 
 used in early Norman charters. On this grant, see Faroux, }{\i\insrsid335287 Actes des Ducs de Normandie}{\insrsid335287 , no. 76; Keynes, 'Aethelings in Normandy'.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\insrsid335287 \tab \tab 
St Michael's was certainly granted (or possibly re-granted) to Mont-Saint-Michel by the Count of Mortain under William I. The charter exists in two versions in the Cartulary of St Michael's Mount (Hull, nos. 1-2 pp. 1-3) of which the fi
rst is most likely to contain genuine information. In it Count Robert gives St Michael's Mount to the Abbey of Mont-Saint-Michel together with \'bd
 hide free of all customs, plaints and pleas, as Robert had held it. He gave them a five-day market and subseque
ntly 3 acres of land in Meneage, that is, at Traboe, Lesneage, Tregevis and Carvallack. Ostensibly this version pre-dates the death of William son of Osbern, and suggests that the Count of Mortain was in possession of Cornwall by }{\i\insrsid335287 c}{
\insrsid335287 . 1070 and further that t
he departure of his predecessor Count Brian was not connected with the so-called Breton revolt of 1075. However, the charter is really a consolidated diploma covering more than one grant. The land given does not appear in Domesday, but may well consist of
 parcels of land that the count held in 1086, as part of his holdings at Winnianton (1,1) or of St Keverne (4,23); see }{\i\insrsid335287 Monasticon Anglicanum}{\insrsid335287 , vi. p. 989; Round, }{\i\insrsid335287 Calendar of Documents, France}{
\insrsid335287 , no. 715 p. 256; }{\i\insrsid335287 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\insrsid335287 , i. no. 208; Bates, }{\i\insrsid335287 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\insrsid335287 
, no. 213 pp. 664-71; Hull, 'Foundation of St Michael's Mount', pp. 703-24; Keats-Rohan, 'Bretons and Normans in England'.
\par \tab \tab 
A second grant by the Count of Mortain dates from 1087 x 1091, after King William's death. Together with his second wife Almodis, Count Robert granted the manor of Ludgvan held by Richard son of Turolf and the holding of Blohin in the manor of Truthwall a
nd both the Mount's fairs: the Cartulary of St Michael's Mount}{\i\insrsid335287  }{\insrsid335287 (Hull, Appendix II p. 62 = Round, }{\i\insrsid335287 Calendar of Documents, France}{\insrsid335287 
, no. 716 pp. 256-57). This accords with Domesday where Richard [son of Turolf] holds Ludgvan (5,3,27) and Blohin holds Truthwall (
5,25,5). However, it should be noted that the 1 hide of which this holding in Truthwall consisted had earlier been taken by the Count of Mortain from 'St Michael's Church', thus halving its original holding (4,1). Moreover the \'bd
 hide of Robert's original gift had also, no doubt, once belonged to that church. This second grant remained inoperative as the lands never reached the Abbey of Mont-Saint-Michel.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\insrsid335287 \tab \tab The church of St Michael's Mount became a dependent priory of the Abbey of Mont-Saint-Michel from about 1135, though in 1086 it contained secular canons; see Knowles and Hadcock, }{\i\insrsid335287 Medieval Religious Houses}{
\insrsid335287 , pp. 84, 91, 481; Hull, }{\i\insrsid335287 Cartulary of St Michael's Mount}{\insrsid335287 , pp. x-xviii; Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid335287 Domesday People}{\insrsid335287 , p. 533.
\par \tab \tab }{\cf1\insrsid335287 The Mount itself has always been regarded as extra-parochial and was no doubt a Liberty in 1086.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab TRUTHWALL. This was a settlement in Ludgvan Ancient Parish. It lay in 'Connerton' Hundred in 1086 according to the evidence of the Tax Return. After 1086 St Michael's holding, by then, like the churc
h itself, in the hands of the Abbey of Mont-Saint-Michel (4,1 St Michael's note), was amplified by Robert, Count of Mortain, and Almodis his wife through the grant of Ludgvan itself, held in 1086 by Richard son of Turolf (5,3,27), and of Blohin the Breton
's part of Truthwall (5,25,5) which had in fact been taken from the church (4,1 Count of Mortain note): }{\insrsid335287 Round, }{\i\insrsid335287 Calendar of Documents, France}{\insrsid335287 , no. 716 p. 256.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\insrsid335287 \tab BRICTMER. This is the same man as Brictmer the priest (5,25,5), and his title confirms that St Michael's held Truthwall in 1066.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\insrsid335287 \tab 1 PLOUGH THERE. Exon has 'St Michael's has 1 plough'; 'in lordship' was probably omitted in error, as on a number of occasions in Exon.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab THE COUNT OF MORTAIN TOOK AWAY 1 HIDE. VALUE 20s. The 1 hide appears in 5,25,5 where
 it is said to have been taken from St Michael's Church. The 2 hides here are given the same present value as the single hide taken by the Count of Mortain. The Count of Mortain subsequently restored this hide as if it were a new grant (see 4,1 Truthwall 
note).}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab Exon states that the 1 hide 'was [part] of St Michael's lordship'. This alienation is recorded in the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae}{\cf1\insrsid335287  thus:}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae }{\insrsid335287 508a6: St Michael's has a manor which is called Truthwall, from which the Count of Mortain took away 1 h
ide which was in the lordship of St [Michael's] in 1066. Value 20s a year; value when the count acquired it, as much.
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 123 no. 306.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab [!1! VALUE WHEN THE COUNT ACQUIRED IT, AS MUCH. !1!]. That would be 20s, but in 5,25,5 the former value is given as 40s; the 1086 value is 20s as here.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 4,2\tab [Exon 206b1]}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab CANONS OF ST STEPHEN'S. This is the Collegiate Church of St Stephen, Launceston. }{\insrsid335287 In 1086 it was a secular college containing canons. An early Celtic monast
ery or college dedicated to the universal saint Stephen, the first Christian martyr, was taken into the see of Sherborne}{\i\insrsid335287  c}{\insrsid335287 . 830 when that church was granted land at Lawhitton, which will have included }{
\i\insrsid335287 Dunhevet}{\insrsid335287 , the later Launceston (2,9 Lawhitton note). The canons were still in place in 1086, but a new establishment was built south of the River Kensey at }{\i\insrsid335287 Dunhevet}{\insrsid335287 
 next to the church of St Thomas, and the church of St Stephen migrated there, taking the name Launceston with it to the new site which became an Augustinian priory by 1126-1127; see Henderson, }{\i\insrsid335287 Cornish Church Guide}{\insrsid335287 
, pp. 113, 115, 180; Knowles and Hadcock, }{\i\insrsid335287 Medieval Religious Houses}{\insrsid335287 , pp. 141, 163, 476; Olson, }{\i\insrsid335287 Early Monasteries}{\insrsid335287 , p. 88; Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid335287 Domesday People}{
\insrsid335287 , p. 536. The church was given to Exeter Cathedral by Henry I in 1123: }{\i\insrsid335287 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\insrsid335287 , ii. p. 185 no 1391 and see p. 72 no. 841.
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab I
n addition to the one holding given here, the church held three other lands, Bonyalva, Bucklawren and Bodigga, given to it by the Count of Mortain, perhaps in compensation for the market he took from them (1,7; see 1,7 Bonyalva note).
\par \tab \tab In Exon this single estate is headed 'Lands (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 terrae}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , plural) of St Stephen in Cornwall'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab ST STEPHENS. This was the Ancient Parish of St Stephens-by-Launceston. It lay in Rillaton Hundred in 1086 according to the evidence of the Tax Return. The Great Domesday name-form is }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Lanscavetone}{
\cf1\insrsid335287  (Exon }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Lanscauetona}{\cf1\insrsid335287 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\cf1\insrsid335287 which is}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\cf1\insrsid335287 Cornish }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 lann}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 ('church-site') and }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Stefan}{\cf1\insrsid335287  (Stephen) to which an English -}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 tun}{\cf1\insrsid335287  has been affixed.}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\cf1\insrsid335287 
The church of St Stephen lay north of the River Kensey (SX3285). When the church was moved south of the river to a new site (see 4,2 canons note) the name 'Launceston' went with it, displacing the Domesday name of the site }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Dunhevet 
}{\cf1\insrsid335287 which was occupied by the Count of Mortain and his castle}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\cf1\insrsid335287 (5,1,22). On recent maps the name Lanstephan ('Stephen's church') has appeared to name a growth of housing centred on SX329855.}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 3 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon has 'The canons have 3 ploughs there and the villagers 6 ploughs'; }{\insrsid335287 
'in lordship' was probably omitted in error after the canons' ploughs, as on a number of occasions in Exon. There is no mention in the entry of any villagers or any other category of population. This is unusual in an otherwise full entry, but another 'omi
ssion' occurs in 4,23, and in eleven other entries only slaves are recorded (4,9. 5,2,7;32-33. 5,5,11. 5,7,1;13. 5,11,3. 5,21,1. 5,24,9;24). Compare 5,2,7 acre note.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\insrsid335287 \tab PASTURE, 3 LEAGUES. Exon has 'pasture, 3 leagues in length and 2 leagues in length (}{\i\insrsid335287 sic}{\insrsid335287 )'
. It is possible that the main scribe of Great Domesday, seeing the error, merely included the first part and intended to check the reading; if so, he left no space for any addition and did not indicate a problem with a marginal }{\i\insrsid335287 r}{
\insrsid335287  or }{\i\insrsid335287 rq'}{\insrsid335287  (see Thorn, 'Marginal Notes and Signs', pp. 124-26 = Erskine and Williams, }{\i\insrsid335287 The Story of Domesday Book}{\insrsid335287 
, pp. 190-91). However, he may have checked the Exon reading as he edited and this is the correct measurement. The league was normally used in Domesday as a linear measure, 
but it occurs on a number of occasions as an areal measure. Comparison between Exon and the corresponding entries in circuit II of Domesday Book suggest that when Great Domesday has 'meadow, 2 leagues' it did not mean 2 square leagues, but 4 square league
s, the length and breadth of the resource being the same; see DEV 1,4 leagues note. Thus here the pasture may have measured 3 leagues long and 3 leagues wide; if so, the Exon scribe had made two errors.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab THE COUNT OF MORTAIN TOOK AWAY A MARKET. He put it in his castle in his manor of }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Dunhevet}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , now Launceston (5,1,22).}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 123 no. 307.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 4,3\tab [Exon 202a1]}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab ST PETROC'S CHURCH. This was at Bodmin, Cornwall.}{\insrsid335287  St Petroc came from South Wales, possibly in the sixth century, and is said to have founded a monastery first at }{\i\insrsid335287 Lanwethinoc }{\insrsid335287 
(now Padstow)}{\i\insrsid335287  }{\insrsid335287 from which he displaced a holy man called }{\i\insrsid335287 Wethenock}{\insrsid335287  or }{\i\insrsid335287 Gwethenek}{\insrsid335287 
, who had named the site. Petroc is said to have founded a second monastery at }{\i\insrsid335287 Nanceventon}{\insrsid335287  (Little Petherick)
, and thereafter lived as a hermit for a time on Bodmin moor. He built himself a cell by the river at Bodmin and a third monastery for his followers on the hill above, possibly at }{\i\insrsid335287 Dinuurrin}{\insrsid335287 : \{
Introduction: Ecclesiastical Organization\}. Padstow ('Petroc's }{\i\insrsid335287 stow}{\insrsid335287 
') where he was buried became the centre of his cult, but Bodmin gradually became pre-eminent, possibly after the Viking raid on Padstow in 981 (the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle), though the grant of Pawton (2,4 Pawton note) to the Bishop of Sherborne (815 x 8
39) will have isolated Padstow from Bodmin and was perhaps intended to do so. St Petroc's in Bodmin was probably the seat of Cornish bishops until the grant of St Germans (2,6) by King Athelstan in 936. As such, there was no doubt a collegiate establishme
nt there in addition to any monastery. These priests were the predecessors of the canons (called 'priests' in DEV 51,15-16) found there in 1086, who were traditionally said to have been introduced when the 'monastery' was re-founded by King Athelstan }{
\i\insrsid335287 c}{\insrsid335287 . 936. St Petroc's relics were moved to Bodmin }{\i\insrsid335287 c}{\insrsid335287 . 1000. The church was given to Exeter Cathedral by Henry I in 1123 (}{\i\insrsid335287 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\insrsid335287 
, ii. p. 185 no 1391, and see p. 72 no. 841) and was re-founded }{\i\insrsid335287 c}{\insrsid335287 . 1124 for Augustinian canons; see Doble, }{\i\insrsid335287 St. Petrock}{\insrsid335287 ; Farmer, }{\i\insrsid335287 The Oxford Dictionary of Saints}{
\insrsid335287 , p. 327; Knowles and Hadcock, }{\i\insrsid335287 Medieval Religious Houses}{\insrsid335287 , pp. 52, 60, 138, 148, 468; Olson, }{\i\insrsid335287 Early Monasteries}{\insrsid335287 , pp. 66-77; Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid335287 
Domesday People}{\insrsid335287 , p. 536.
\par \tab \tab The possessions of St Petroc's had probably been
 extensive and may have consisted of the land later divided among the parishes of Padstow, St Merryn, St Erval, St Ervan, Little Petherick, St Issey, St Breock, St Wenn, Withiel, Lanivet, Lanhydrock, St Columb Major and St Columb Minor, Colan, Mawgan-in-P
y
dar, Newlyn, Cubert and parts of Illogan and St Enoder, as well as Bodmin itself. If St Petroc was or became the overlord of the churches of Crantock and St Piran, then the parishes of Crantock and Perranzabuloe (with St Agnes) would have been under its s
upervision; see Henderson, }{\i\insrsid335287 Essays}{\insrsid335287 , pp. 121-22: and \{Introduction: Hundreds\}. The estate of Pawton will have been granted to the Church of Sherborne from this land: 2,4 Pawton note.
\par \tab \tab }{\cf1\insrsid335287 In Exon 'The lands of St Petroc of Cornwall' are entered in the following hundredal sequence:}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab 4,3-12;18-19: Rialton (St Petroc's) Hundred}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab 4,20;13-16: Stratton Hundred}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab 4,17: Fawton Hundred}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab 4,21-22 Lands taken away: these are predominantly in Rialton (St Petroc's) Hundred, but there is no clear sequence.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab 
After the entry corresponding to 4,21 (the unnamed 1 hide) Exon gives details of a manor that was omitted by the main scribe of Great Domesday during his editing of Exon. Neither he nor scribe B noticed it during their checks of Exon; see \{
Introduction: The Domesday Format\}. The entry runs thus:
\par \tab \tab Exon 204b4: The Count of Mortain has a manor which is called St Tudy }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 (Hecglostudic) }{\cf1\insrsid335287 which was St Petroc's in 1066. It paid 30d as a customary due to St Petroc's Church.
\par \tab The }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae}{\cf1\insrsid335287  also contains details of this manor thus:}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae}{\insrsid335287  507b6: The Count of Mortain has a manor which is called St Tudy, which was St Petroc's in 1066. It paid 30d each year to St Petroc's Church as a customary due.
\par \tab St Tudy was an estate and }{\cf1\insrsid335287 Ancient Parish (SX0676).}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab The ancient parish of Little Petherick was also known as St Petroc Minor but contained no named lands in Domesday.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab AMONG A SERIES OF SUMMARIES included in the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Liber Exoniensis }{\cf1\insrsid335287 there is one of the lands of St Petroc's, thus:
\par \tab \tab }{\insrsid335287 Exon 528b1: St Petroc's has in Cornwall 7 lordship manors of 15 hides not paying tax (}{\i\insrsid335287 non geldantibus}{\insrsid335287 ), 4 ploughs in lordship, 74 villagers, 74 smallholders, 11 slaves, 68 burgesses having 27 
\'bd ploughs. Value of this land \'a38. The Count of Mortain holds from St Petroc's Church 10 manors of 16 hides and 1 virgate not paying tax, 15 \'bd ploughs, 42 villagers, 74 smallholders, 41 slaves having 23 \'bd ploughs. Value of this land \'a3
23 3s. Land for 140 ploughs in total. The count's part has declined (in value) by \'a312 5s. The Count of Mortain has taken away (}{\i\insrsid335287 aufert}{\insrsid335287 
 is present tense, but is used in the double sense of 'has taken away' and 'continues to hold') the 9 manors from the aforesaid church.
\par \tab \tab As with the other summaries in the }{\i\insrsid335287 Liber Exoniensis}{\insrsid335287 
 the details are hard to reconcile with those provided by Exon and Great Domesday, perhaps because of the lack of arithmetical skills in the Exon scribe here, whose only contribution to the }{\i\insrsid335287 Liber Exoniensis}{\insrsid335287 
 this is. For an attempt, see Finn, }{\i\insrsid335287 Liber Exoniensis}{\insrsid335287 , pp. 126-28.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab BODMIN. This was an Ancient Parish. The name means 'dwelling by church-land' (Padel, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Cornish Place-Names}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
, p. 55), no doubt referring to the land of St Petroc's. It was later in Stratton Hundred, but probably regarded as part of Rialton (S
t Petroc's) Hundred in 1086. In Exon 202a1 it begins a list of eight places in that hundred. Places in Stratton Hundred are entered in a block in Exon corresponding to 4,20;13-16 (but see 4,16 Tregole note). The Tax Returns are difficult to analyse satisf
a
ctorily for St Petroc's manors and it is just possible that Bodmin actually lay in Stratton Hundred and that both in Exon and in Great Domesday it had been promoted to the head of St Petroc's list, out of hundredal order. By 1086, the main church of St Pe
troc was in Bodmin (SX0767) with a subsidiary at Padstow (SW9175).}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab If Bodmin was in St Petroc's Hundred, part at least of Lancarffe probably was as well (4,22 Lancarffe note).
\par \tab \tab Exon gives the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 T.R.E.}{\cf1\insrsid335287  holder as 'St P[etroc's]'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab HAS NEVER PAID TAX. Exon adds 'has paid tax at no time (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 nullo tempore}{\cf1\insrsid335287 )'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 68 HOUSES AND A MARKET. Bodmin later became a borough, and these are early signs of urbanisation. A }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 portreeve}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 ('reeve of a market-town') occurs here in the eleventh century; see Beresford and Finberg, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 English Medieval Boroughs}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 76; and \{Introduction: Boroughs\}
. These 68 houses are recorded as 68 burgesses in the summary of St Petroc's lands in Exon: 4,3 summaries note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 4,4\tab [Exon 202a2]
\par \tab THE CHURCH HOLDS. Exon has 'The Canons of St Petroc's have'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab PADSTOW. This was an Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Rialton (St Petroc's) Hundred in 1086. The name-forms (Exon }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 languihenoc}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , Great Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 lanwenehoc
}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ) mean 'the church-site (Cornish }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 lann}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ) of Gwethenek'. St Gwethenek was St Petroc's holy predecessor at Padstow. The modern name, which at one time existed in parallel with }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Languihenoc}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , is (St) Petroc's }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 stow}{\cf1\insrsid335287 : Padel, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Cornish Place-Names}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 131.
\par \tab \tab Exon gives its }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 T.R.E.}{\cf1\insrsid335287  holder as 'St P[etroc's]'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab WHICH HAS NEVER PAID TAX. Exon adds 'except for the church's use (}{\i\f713\cf1\insrsid335287 nisi ad opus \'eacclesi\'ea}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
)'. This means that the tax it would have paid was used for the support of the canons and of their church; compare the last sentence in 4,22.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 8 VILLAGERS WITH 4 SMALLHOLDERS HAVE 2 PLOUGHS. Exon has 'There are 8 villagers 
who have 2 ploughs, and 4 smallholders'. This separation of the 'villagers' (in its general sense; see 1,1 villagers note) into those who had ploughs and those who did not occurs in both Exon 202a1 and the corresponding entry at 4,3, but the main scribe o
f Great Domesday failed to separate them in the present entry.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 4,5\tab [Exon 202a3]
\par \tab THE CHURCH HOLDS. Exon has 'The canons of St Petroc's have'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab RIALTON. This was a settlement in the Ancient Parish of St Columb Minor and was the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 caput}{\cf1\insrsid335287  of St Petroc's Hundred; see \{Introduction: Hundreds\}.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 4,6\tab [Exon 202b1]
\par \tab BERNER <OF HORNACOTT>. This is presumably the tenant of the Count of Mortain (5,8) and see also 4,26 Berner note.
\par \tab \tab The references to Berner in Cornwall are the only occurrences of the name in the south-western counties (JP).}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab NANCEKUKE. This was a settlement in Illogan Ancient Parish. It was later in 'Connerton' Hundred. It is a border place lying north-east of the River Portreath whereas Illogan itself lay south-west of it. In Great Domesday}{
\insrsid335287  }{\cf1\insrsid335287 
and in Exon it is among places in the Hundred of Rialton (St Petroc's) and it is likely that in 1086, the river marked the boundary between the hundreds of 'Connerton' and Rialton (St Petroc's), thus dividing the parish: Pool, 'Tithings of Co
rnwall', p. 297. For the identification, see }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 VCH Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , ii. part 8, p. 69 note 17.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab CADWALLON. This is the only occurrence of this name in Domesday Book (JP).}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab HE COULD NOT BE SEPARATED FROM IT. In Exon this was interlined, an afterthought by the scri
be of the entry. This clause indicates the status of Cadwallon's tenure: he was unable to commend himself to another lord or 'to go where he would with his land' (a regular formula in other Domesday counties).}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 PLOUGH THERE. Exon has 'Berner has there 1
 virgate and 1 plough in lordship'. There is no mention of the 'villagers' having the remaining 3 virgates of the 1-hide holding in Nancekuke, possibly because only smallholders were recorded for it (see 4,4 villagers note and 1,7 smallholders note), but 
villagers' land was missing several times from Exon (5,2,16 ploughs note).}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 4,7\tab [Exon 202b2]
\par \tab THE COUNT OF MORTAIN HOLDS. It would perhaps be unusual for so great a magnate to hold land from a church with its permission; his tenure here and in 4,8-15 may
 have been by force. The entry in Exon begins as usual when there is a subtenant 'St Petroc has a manor \'85' and after the plough estimate has 'Count Robert has it now from St Petroc's'; there is no mention of illegality.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 'TYWARNHAYLE'. This was a settlement in Perranzabuloe Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Rialton (St Petroc's) Hundred in 1086. Tywarnhale House lay in Perranporth at SW754540.
\par \tab \tab Nine }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 cassati}{\cf1\insrsid335287  in 'Tywarnhale', together with two }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 mansae}{\cf1\insrsid335287  in }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 bod}{\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 eudan}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
, identified by }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Early Charters of Devon and Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , as Bodsowsa in Ladock, were granted in 960 by King Edgar to Eanulf, his faithful servant (Latin, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 minister}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
). They had presumably been taken from the possessions of St Piran's, but were given to St Petroc's later. The bounds exclude the man
or of 'Halwyn' (4,8) and apparently the land of St Piran at 'Perran' (4,26). They appear to include Callestick (4,9) and Nancekuke (4,6), and, with the above exceptions, encompass the parish of Perranzabuloe and the chapelry (later parish) of St Agnes, ap
art from Penhale headland; see Sawyer, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , no. 684; }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Early Charters of Devon and Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 17 no. 83; Hooke, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 
Charter Bounds of Devon and Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 28.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab HE COULD NOT BE SEPARATED FROM ST [PETROC'S]. On this clause, see 4,6 separated note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab LAND FOR 20 PLOUGHS. The main scribe of Great Domesday began to write a third }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 x}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , but stopped after the first stroke and erased it and added a }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 punctus}{
\cf1\insrsid335287  as usual after the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 .xx.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ; he then interlined }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 ti}{\cf1\insrsid335287  for }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 viginti}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 ('20') to clarify the meaning. Compare 1,6 land note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab IT PAYS \'a314 LESS 20d. The use of 'less 20d' after the pounds occurs also in 5,1,2-5. In each case the same formula is used in Exon, though the verbs are not always the same. Here and for 5,1,4 both E
xon and Great Domesday use the verb }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 reddere}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , while for 5,1,2 both use the verb }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 valere}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , but for 5,1,3;5 the verb is }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 valet}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 in Great Domesday and }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 reddit}{\cf1\insrsid335287  in Exon; see 2,3 value note. The reason for this and for the Exon scribes (three different ones for these five entries) writing this rather than, say, \'a3
13 18s 4d, is unknown, though it might be connected with payment 'at face value', the 20d representing the allowance for clipping; see 1,1 weighed note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 4,8\tab [Exon 202b3]
\par \tab 'HALWYN'. This was a settlement in Perranzabuloe Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Rialton (St Petroc's) Hundred in 1086: Henderson, 'Ecclesiastical Antiquities', p. 133. }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 identifies the place as Ellenglaze.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 HIDE \'85 3 PLOUGHS, WHICH ARE THERE. Exon has 'The count has 1 virgate and [1] \'bd ploughs and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and [1] \'bd ploughs. The Exon scribe's omission of 'in lordship' after
 the count's land and ploughs was probably an error, as elsewhere.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab FORMERLY 40s. Exon has 'Value when the count acquired it, 40s' here and also in 4,9-15.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 4,9\tab [Exon 202b4]
\par \tab CALLESTICK. This was a settlement in Perranzabuloe Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Rialton (St Petroc's) Hundred in 1086. It will have encompassed Higher Callestick and Callestick Vean.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 4,10\tab [Exon 203a1]
\par \tab CARGOLL. This was a settlement in the Ancient Parish of Newlyn East and it appears to have lain in Rialton (St Petroc's) Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 2 HIDES ... IN LORDSHIP ... [!1! \'bd HIDE !1!]. The villagers' land would seem to be missing from Exon; see 5,2,16 ploughs note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 4,11\tab [Exon 203a2]
\par \tab TRELOY. This was a settlement in the Ancient Parish of St Columb Minor and it appears to have lain in Rialton (St Petroc's) Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 2 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'The count has 1 plough and the smallholders 1 plough'; the scribe probably omitted 'in lord
ship' in error after the count's plough. For the rare use of 'smallholders' here instead of 'villagers', see 1,7 smallholders note. Compare 5,2,21 plough note, 5,2,27 hide note and 5,24,17 smallholders note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 4,12\tab [Exon 203a3]
\par \tab ST ENODER. This was an Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Rialton (St Petroc's) Hundred in 1086. The name (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Hecglosenuder}{\cf1\insrsid335287  in Exon, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Heglosenvder}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 in Great Domesday) means 'the church of (St) Enoder'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab GODRIC. Exon adds 'and he could not be separated from St P[etroc's]'; see 4,12 hide note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 
1 HIDE, WHICH HAS NEVER PAID TAX. This sentence was written over erasure in the manuscript of Great Domesday by a scribe who was neither the main scribe nor scribe B. This was his only piece of work in Great Domesday. What was originally 
written here is unknown, but it could have been }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 nec poterat a sancto separari. Ibi est .i. hida.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 ('and he could not be separated from St [Petroc's]. 1 hide'.) as in 4,8-9;11;13;16-17 etc. It is unlikely that the first part of this was found to be incorrect
; it was probably a 'casualty' of the erasure and subsequent addition. Exon does not mention specifically that the hide 'has never paid tax', though this information was included for 4,1-4;22;24, and it could be argued that the statement in 4,22 that the 
lands of St Petroc's never paid tax covered all its holdings, not just those in 4,22. The source of this insertion must therefore have been another text. Compare 4,25 tax note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 2 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon has 'There the count and his villagers have (}{\i\insrsid335287 h't}{\insrsid335287 , singular,}{\i\insrsid335287  }{\insrsid335287 for }{\i\insrsid335287 h'nt}{\insrsid335287 , plural}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
) 2 ploughs'.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab VALUE \'85 20s. In Exon the figure has been corrected from }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 .xx.}{\cf1\insrsid335287  to }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 .xv.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
, or vice versa; it is impossible to tell which the scribe finally intended. The main scribe of Great Domesday obviously thought that }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 .xx.}{\cf1\insrsid335287  was the correct reading.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 4,13\tab [Exon 203b4]
\par \tab BOSSINEY. This was a settlement in Tintagel Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab ALWY. }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Eluui}{\cf1\insrsid335287  in Great Domesday; Exon has }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Eduuy}{\cf1\insrsid335287  which would represent Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Eadwig}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
, though an attempt seems to have been made to change the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 d}{\cf1\insrsid335287  to an }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 l}{\cf1\insrsid335287  by partly erasing it.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 PLOUGH THERE. Exon has 'There the count has 1 plough and the villagers 2 oxen'; 'in lordship' was probably omitted in error after the count's plough, as elsewhere. The}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\insrsid335287 
main scribe of Great Domesday probably omitted the 2 oxen by mistake as they are rather too many to discount. In adding together the lordship and villagers' oxen and ploughs to produce a total of 'ploughs there' he frequently discounted the odd ox, t
hough sometimes this might not be the case if a plough team of 6 oxen, rather than 8 oxen, were being used (see 5,2,19 plough note). However, there are several entries in Domesday Cornwall where 2 oxen (and once 3 }{\cf1\insrsid335287 
oxen: 5,4,2) were not included by the Great Domesday scribe; in some cases he failed to mention any part of a plough team where Exon records oxen (e.g., 5,2,7. 5,5,8. 5,13,10. 5,14,5. 5,24,8). See also 5,6,2 hide note.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 4,14\tab [Exon 204a1]
\par \tab TREMAIL. This was a settlement in Davidstow Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 3 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon has 'The count has 2 ploughs in lordship there and the villagers have 1 plough'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 4,15\tab [Exon 204a2]
\par \tab POLROAD. This was a settlement in the Ancient Parish of St Tudy and it appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 2 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon has 'The count has there 1 plough and 1 other plough (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 .i. aliam carr'}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
)', which is unusual. Either the count had both ploughs or the Exon scribe (or, possibly, his source) should have written 'and the villagers have the other plough'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab FORMERLY 20s. The main scribe of Great Domesday originally wrote }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 .xv. solid'}{\cf1\insrsid335287  ('15s')}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\cf1\insrsid335287 and then altered it to }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 
.xx. solid'}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , extending the 'tail' of the first stroke of the second }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 x }{\cf1\insrsid335287 and interlining }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 ti}{\cf1\insrsid335287  for }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 viginti}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 ('20') to clarify the meaning (compare 1,6 land note); he failed to erase the right-hand half of his original }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 v}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , however.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 4,16\tab [Exon 204b1]
\par \tab RICHARD [* SON OF TUROLF *]. He is possibly Richard son of Turolf, one of the Count of Mortain's men, who may have been holding illegally or by force. See 5,3 Richard note and compare 2,5 Richard note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 
TREGOLE. This was a settlement in Poundstock Ancient Parish and it appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086; for a possible further part, see 5,23,2. In the order of Exon, this place ends a list of places in Stratton Hundred and is followed by Fur
snewth which can be identified in the Tax Return for Fawton Hundred. Carne, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Manors}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , suggested Trecarrell, while }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 VCH Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 (ii. part 8, p. 71 note 21) proposed Tregolds in St Merryn and this was accepted by the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid335287 . Maxwell, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Settlements of Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
, suggested Trengale and this is accepted with reservation in the Alecto edition. Padel identified Tregole (in Poundstock in Stratton Hundred) for the Phillimore printed translation and includes it in his }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Cornish Place-Names}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 166; see Pounds, 'Domesday Manors of Cornwall', p. 463. Trengale can probably be ruled out both on formal grounds and because it lay in Fawton Hundred. The only difficulty with the identification of }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Turgoil}{
\cf1\insrsid335287  as Tregole is that in the Tax Return for 'Tybesta'
 Hundred, St Petroc's is remitted tax on 1 hide. It is difficult to identify this estate in Domesday Book. It might be the present one, in which case the identification with Tregole is wrong, but it is more probably the unnamed hide of 4,21 (see 4,21 hide
 note).
\par \tab \tab 
Exon adds 'and it is [part] of St Petroc's lordship'. This statement is misplaced in the entry, occurring after the plough estimate, rather than earlier in it after the hide or later after 'Richard holds it from St [Petroc]'. This may be the reaso
n why the main scribe of Great Domesday omitted it.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 4 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon has 'R[ichard] has 1 plough there and the villagers 3 ploughs'; 'in lordship' was probably omitted in error after Richard's plough, as elsewhere.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 4,17\tab [Exon 204b2]
\par \tab MACCUS <OF
 FURSNEWTH>. The name Maccus occurs six times in Domesday Book, on holdings in three widely separated counties which devolved upon four tenants-in-chief, probably representing four individuals. Although his holding in Cornwall was substantial in Cornish t
erms, it is improbable that he is the same individual as either the Maccus with three manors in Lincolnshire or two in Yorkshire given the distances involved and the absence of any links other than of the name. See also Keats-Rohan, }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday People}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 292 (JP).}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab FURSNEWTH. This was a settlement in the Ancient Parish of St Cleer. It lay in Fawton Hundred in 1086 according to the evidence of the Tax Return.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 4 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'Maccus has 1 plough and the villagers 3 ploughs'; 'in lordship' was probably omitted in error after Maccus' plough, as elsewhere.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 4,18\tab [Exon 203b1]
\par \tab ELLENGLAZE. This was a settlement in the Ancient Parish of Cubert (St Cuthbert) and it appears to have lain in Rialton (St Petroc's) Hundred in 1086. For the identification, see }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 VCH Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
, ii. part 8, p. 70 note 18.
\par \tab \tab Exon adds 'which St Petroc's held in 1066', referring to Ellenglaze.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 2 HIDES \'85 4 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'St [Petroc's] has 1 hide and \'bd plough in lordship and the villagers have the other hide and 3 \'bd ploughs'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 4,19\tab [Exon 203b2]
\par \tab WITHIEL. This was an Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Rialton (St Petroc's) Hundred in 1086. Exon adds 'which the same St (Petroc's] held in 1066'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 HIDE \'85 4 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'St [Petroc's] has 1 virgate and 1 plough in lordship and the villagers have 3 virgates and 3 ploughs'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab FORMERLY 25s, WHEN THE COUNT ACQUIRED IT. Exon as usual has 'value when the count acquired it, 25s'. The main scribe of Great Domesday normally replaced this with the briefer }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Olim}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 ('Formerly'), but here he probably decided to include the Exon clause as well, in view of its unusualness: there is no mention in the entry that the count (of Mortain) had an interest in Withie
l, which appears nowhere else in Domesday Cornwall. This clause also occurs in 4,20. It is interesting that no former value is given for any of the lands held by St Petroc's themselves, except for these two, whereas the subinfeudated lands (with the excep
tions of 4,6-7;17) were always provided with one. It is unlikely that the Exon scribe wrote 'the count' for 'St Petroc's' on two occasions, as well as including the former value.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 4,20\tab [Exon 203b3]
\par \tab TREKNOW. This was a settlement in Tintagel Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086. Exon adds 'which the same St [Petroc's] held in 1066'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 2 HIDES \'85 3 \'bd PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'St P[etroc's] has \'bd hide and \'bd plough in lordship and the villagers have [1] \'bd hides and 3 ploughs'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab WHEN THE COUNT ^[OF MORTAIN]^ ACQUIRED IT, 25s. Exon has 'acquired the land'. On this unusual clause in the entry for a place not otherwise said to have been held by the count in 1086, see 4,19 formerly note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 

\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 4,21\tab [Exon 204b3]
\par \tab 1 HIDE OF LAND. The entry in Exon provides a fuller and slightly different account of this alienation:
\par \tab \tab Exon 204b3: 1 hide of land is attached (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 adiacet}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , present tense) to St Petroc's Church, which Earl Harold had wrongfully taken away (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 abstulerat}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
, pluperfect tense) from St Petroc's in 1066. But afterwards King William had ordered (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 preceperat}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , pluperfect again) a judicial enquiry (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 iuditium}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
) to be held and St Petroc's Church to be repossessed [of it] by judgement.
\par \tab \tab From this it appears that by 1086 St Petroc's was back in po
ssession of the alienated hide and that the judicial enquiry, which had taken place some time previously, was probably unconnected with the Domesday Survey. The fact that this alienation is not in the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae}{
\cf1\insrsid335287  may support this, though not all alienated church lands were included (see 4,26 lands note and 4,28 land note). By omitting the first part of the Exon entry and changing the pluperfect tenses to the perfect (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 
abstulit}{\cf1\insrsid335287  \'85 }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 precepit}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ) the scribe of Great Domesday subtly altered the position. It is u
nlikely, though possible, that he had received information to correct Exon and that St Petroc's had not been repossessed of the hide in 1086. It is in fact more probable that he included this former alienation with the other (on-going) alienations (4,22),
 although he did leave a small space between it and them.
\par \tab \tab Therefore it is probably not necessary to seek elsewhere in the Cornish folios for this hide. If it were still alienated, however, it might be Halton (5,2,17) in Rillaton Hundred, which had been he
ld by Earl Harold in 1066. It is most likely to be the 1 hide that St Petroc's held in 'Tybesta' Hundred according to the Tax Return; see 4,16 Tregole note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab FOR WHICH. Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 p}{\cf1\insrsid335287 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 ro}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ]}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  qua}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ; Farley shows the stress mark above the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 a}{
\cf1\insrsid335287  of }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 qua}{\cf1\insrsid335287  (indicating the ablative case), though it is faint in the manuscript. Exon has }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 postea}{\cf1\insrsid335287  ('afterwards') here.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab JUDICIAL ENQUIRY. Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 iudicamentum}{\cf1\insrsid335287  normally means the result, verdict of the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 iudicium}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 (the word used here in Exon). The scribe of Great Domesday probably had a momentary lack of concentration; the outcome of the court case appears in the next clause.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab THAT ST [PETROC'S] BE REPOSSESSED. Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 sanctum \'85 resaisiri }{\cf1\insrsid335287 
is an accusative and infinitive construction for the indirect statement, as in the first part of the sentence. It was mistranslated in the Phillimore printed translation.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab BY JUDGEMENT. Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 per justiciam}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , 'through justice', but }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 iusticia}{\cf1\insrsid335287  can also mean th
e person administering the justice: the judge or justiciar. The king appears to have prescribed the outcome of the proceedings, however.
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 123 no. 308. She translates 'King William ordered a judgment to be held, and the saint to be reseised through justice'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 4,22\tab COSWARTH. [Exon 205a1; }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 507b1]. This was a settlement in Colan Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Rialton (St Petroc's) Hundred in 1086. It begins a list of lands taken fro
m St Petroc's. In Exon, the same lands are mentioned and in the same order except that St Tudy (omitted in Great Domesday; see 4,3 St Petroc's note) is included between the 1 hide of 4,21 and Tregenna?, while Coswarth was placed between Tregenna and Trevo
rnick. The order of the material was altered in the passage to Great Domesday probably because Coswarth was held by the king whereas all the other lands were held from the Count of Mortain. The order in the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae}{
\cf1\insrsid335287  is the same as in the main Exon.
\par \tab \tab Coswarth is included in the land of the king among estates formerly held by Brictric (1,15). For the entry in the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae}{\cf1\insrsid335287  recording this alienation, see 1,15 Coswarth note; see also Fleming, }
{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 123 no. 309. None of the
 lands taken away by the Count of Mortain appear to be mentioned in his fief (but see 4,22 Lancarffe note). The corresponding entries in Exon are slightly fuller and name the subtenants of the Count of Mortain and, in four instances, the }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 T.R.E.}{\cf1\insrsid335287  holders as well. No plough estimates are included.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab THESE LANDS LISTED BELOW \'85 ST PETROC'S. A separate section number should have been given to this list in the Phillimore printed translation. The layout in the manuscript of Great Domesday with this rubricated head
ing indicates these alienations are a group and this is proved by the sentence at its end, which states that St Petroc's held them }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 T.R.E.}{\cf1\insrsid335287  whereas Coswarth had been held by Brictric. See also Fleming, }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 123 no. 310.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab TREGENNA?. [Exon 204b5; }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae}{\cf1\insrsid335287  507b7]. This was a settlement in Colan Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Rialton (St Petroc's) Hundred in 1086. It was identified by }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , the Phillimore printed translation and Maxwell, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Settlements of Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
, as Tregona (SW8569). However, Tregona lay in the area of Pawton Hundred, whereas a place in the Hundred of Rialton (St Petroc's) is needed.
\par \tab \tab Exon}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\cf1\insrsid335287 gives the 1086 holder as "Turstin" the sheriff, that is the holder of 5,4 under the Count of Mortain. This alienation appears in the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 thus:
\par \tab \tab }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae }{\insrsid335287 507b7: "Turstin" the sheriff holds from the Count of Mortain a manor which is called Tregenna?, which has been taken away from the land of St Petroc's. It paid 16d a year to the church.}{
\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab IN CUSTOMARY DUES. This is omitted in Exon, though it adds that the payment was in 1066.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab TREVORNICK. [Exon 205a2; }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae}{\cf1\insrsid335287  507b9]. This was a settlement in the Ancient Parish of St Columb Major and it appears to have lain in Rialton (St Petroc's) Hundred in 1086.

\par \tab \tab Exon adds 'which Edwy (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 eduuit}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ) held from St P[etroc's]; he could not be separated from the church in 1066. \'85
 Now Brian holds it from the count'. Brian held under the Count of Mortain in 5,9. This alienation appears in the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae}{\cf1\insrsid335287  thus:}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae}{\insrsid335287 
 507b9: From St Petroc's Church has been taken away a manor which is called Trevornick, which Edwy held from St Petroc's in 1066; he could not be separated from the church. It paid 12 sheep and 15d to the church 
as a customary due. Brian, who holds this land from the count, has taken away (}{\i\insrsid335287 aufert}{\insrsid335287 : 4,3 summaries note) this customary due from the church.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 12 SHEEP AND 15d. Exon adds 'each year as a customary due'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab TRENHAILE. [Exon 205a3; }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae}{\cf1\insrsid335287  507b10]. This was a settlement in the Ancient Parish of Newlyn East and it appears to have lain in Rialton (St Petroc's) Hundred in 1086.}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab Exon adds 'which Edwy (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Eduuit}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ) held from St Petroc's; he could not be separated from St [Petroc's] in 1066. \'85 Now Brian holds it from the count'. }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Brienn'}
{\cf1\insrsid335287  was an interlined correction to an original }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 alsi}{\cf1\insrsid335287  (Alsi), the 1086 holder of the next alienated manor. Brian held under the Count of Mortain in 5,9. This alienation appears in the }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae}{\cf1\insrsid335287  thus:}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae}{\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\insrsid335287 507
b10: From St Petroc's Church has been taken away 1 virgate of land which is called Trenhaile, which Edwy held from St Petroc's; he could not be separated from St [Petroc's] in 1066. It paid 6 sheep and 8d a year as a customary due. Now Brian holds it from
 the count and has taken away (}{\i\insrsid335287 aufert}{\insrsid335287 : 4,3 summaries note) this customary due from the church.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab [HIGHER] TOLCARNE. [Exon 205a4; }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae}{\cf1\insrsid335287  508a1]. It lay in Mawgan-in-Pydar was an Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Rialton (St Petroc's) Hundred in 1086.}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab Exon adds 'which Alward held from St [Petroc's] in 1066; }{\insrsid335287 he could not be separated from St [Petroc's]. \'85 Now Alsi (}{\i\insrsid335287 alsin'}{\insrsid335287 ) holds from the count'. Alsi held under the Co
}{\cf1\insrsid335287 unt of Mortain in 5,21. This alienation appears in the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae}{\cf1\insrsid335287  thus:}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae}{\insrsid335287  508a1: From St Petroc's Church has been taken away a manor which is called [Higher] Tolcarne, which Alward held from St 
[Petroc's] in 1066; he could not be separated from it. It paid 1 ox a year to St [Petroc's] as a customary due. Alsi holds it from the count and has taken away (}{\i\insrsid335287 aufert}{\insrsid335287 
: 4,3 summaries note) this customary due from the church.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab TREMORE. [Exon 205a5; }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae}{\cf1\insrsid335287  508a2]. This was a settlement in Lanivet Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Rialton (St Petroc's) Hundred in 1086.
\par \tab \tab There is no specific mention in Exon that Tremore was taken away from St Petroc's and the entry is different to the others here in other ways (but compare 4,22 Lancarffe note):
\par \tab \tab Exon 205a5: Thorkell has a manor which is called Tremore, which he holds from the count. In it is \'bd hide of land which paid 1 ox, 15d and 12 sheep to St Petroc's as a customary due.
\par \tab \tab The }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae }{\cf1\insrsid335287 Occupatae give the details of this customary due thus:}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae}{\insrsid335287 
 508a2: Thorkil has a manor which is called Tremore, which he himself holds from the count, which paid 1 ox, 15d and 12 sheep a year to St Petroc's Church as a customary due. T[horkil] has taken away (}{\i\insrsid335287 aufert}{\insrsid335287 
: 4,3 summaries note) this [customary due] from the church.
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab Thorkil does not reappear as a holder under the Count of Mortain.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\lang1036\langfe2057\langnp1036\insrsid335287 \tab LANCARFFE. [Exon 205a6; }{\i\cf1\lang1036\langfe2057\langnp1036\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae}{\cf1\lang1036\langfe2057\langnp1036\insrsid335287  508a3]. }{\cf1\insrsid335287 
This was a settlement in Bodmin Ancient Parish. The name-forms are }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Nanchert}{\cf1\insrsid335287  in Great Domesday, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Nantchert}{\cf1\insrsid335287  in Exon and }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Na[n]chert }{
\cf1\insrsid335287 in the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae}{\cf1\insrsid335287 . In 5,6,6 and in the corresponding Exon entry the name-form for Lancarffe is }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Lancharet}{\cf1\insrsid335287 .}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab There is no specific mention in Exon that Lancarffe was taken away from St Petroc's and the entry is different to the others here in other ways (but compare 4,22 Tremore note):
\par \tab \tab Exon 205a6: Nigel holds a manor from the count which is called Lancarffe. In it is 1 virgate of land, which paid 15d to St Petroc in 1066. The thane who held the land from St [Petroc's] could not be separated from St [Petroc's].
\par \tab \tab The }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae}{\cf1\insrsid335287  give the details of Lancarffe thus:}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae}{\insrsid335287  508a3: Nigel holds from the count a manor which is called Lancarffe, which paid 15d to St Petroc's as a customary due. A thane, who could not be separated from the 
church in 1066, held it. Nigel has taken away (}{\i\insrsid335287 aufert}{\insrsid335287 : 4,3 summaries note) this customary due from the church.
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab Nigel held under the Count of Mortain in 5,6. In 5,6,6 he holds 1 virgate of land under the Count of Mortain which is said to be 'of the honour
 of St Petroc's'. That land has never paid tax; the former value was 20s and the 1086 value 10s. The present holding is the same size, 1 virgate, and the fact that it has never paid tax is mentioned at the end of 4,22, but no value as such is given, the '
1
5d' being a customary due. It is possible therefore that these are different parts of Lancarffe, the one at 5,6,6 having been more permanently alienated. That is clearly in Stratton Hundred (Exon order) whereas the present holding, if different, may well 
have been part of Rialton (St Petroc's) Hundred, if Bodmin was (4,3 Bodmin note).}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab TRENINNICK. [Exon 205a7; }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae}{\cf1\insrsid335287  508a4]. This was a settlement in the Ancient Parish of St Columb Minor and it appears to have lain in Rialton (St Petroc's) Hundred in 1086.

\par \tab \tab Exon adds 'Now Roger holds it from the count'. On Roger perhaps being Roger of Courseulles, see 5,26 Roger note. This alienation appears in the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae}{\cf1\insrsid335287  thus:}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae}{\insrsid335287  508a4: From St Petroc's has been taken away a manor of 1 v
irgate of land which is called Treninnick, which paid 15d and 5 sheep a year to St [Petroc's]. Now Roger holds it from the count and has taken away (}{\i\insrsid335287 aufert}{\insrsid335287 : 4,3 summaries note) this customary due.}{\insrsid335287 

\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab ST PETROC'S HELD ALL THE LANDS LISTED ABOVE. That is, Tregenna? to Treninnick; see 4,22 these lands note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab THIS SAINT'S LANDS \'85 CHURCH. In Exon 'the lands of St Petroc's have never paid tax except to St [Petroc's]' is written at the end of the entry for Treninnick. See 4,4 tax note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 4,23\tab [Exon 205b1]}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab THE CANONS OF ST ACHEBRAN'S. The church was at St Keverne, Cornwall. }{\insrsid335287 
This was probably an early Cornish monastery, or collegiate establishment, which contained canons in 1086. The church is first found (as that of }{\i\insrsid335287 Achobran}{\insrsid335287 ) in the tenth-century list of sai
nts (Olson and Padel, 'List of Cornish Parochial Saints', p. 47 no. 18) and next occurs in Domesday Book. The name is }{\i\insrsid335287 Sanctus Akaveranus}{\insrsid335287  in 1201 and }{\i\insrsid335287 Seynt Keveran}{\insrsid335287 
 in 1339. Thus the place-name St Keverne is derived from St Achebran. It lies in the large are
a called Meneage ('monkish land') and may well have possessed considerable lands, many of which were acquired by the kings of Wessex and granted out in the tenth century, and which seem to be among the members of Winnianton in 1086 (1,1 Winnianton note). 
Of the saint himself, nothing is known; see Doble, }{\i\insrsid335287 St Perran}{\insrsid335287 ; Doble, }{\i\insrsid335287 Saints of Cornwall}{\insrsid335287 , ii. pp. 54-56; Farmer, }{\i\insrsid335287 The Oxford Dictionary of Saints}{\insrsid335287 
, p. 233; Olson, }{\i\insrsid335287 Early Monasteries}{\insrsid335287 , p. 88; Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid335287 Domesday People}{\insrsid335287 , p. 531; Padel, }{\i\insrsid335287 Cornish Place-Names}{\insrsid335287 , p. 102.
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab 
In Exon the heading is 'The Land of St Achebran', but while 'the canons of St Achebran's' have St Keverne, 'the same St [Achebran] held in 1066'. The Exon scribe left the rest of 205b blank after this holding, beginning a new folio for the lands of St
 Probus and St Carantoc; he might have thought there were more holdings to be entered under St Achebran's.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab ST KEVERNE. The name-form in Great Domesday and in Exon is }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Lannachebran}{\cf1\insrsid335287 . This was an Ancient Parish. The estate can be identified in the Tax Return
 for Winnianton Hundred, where an exemption of 1 hide is allowed, though the estate was only 11 acres in Great Domesday.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 PLOUGH THERE. This is not recorded in Exon. It is possible that the 8 cattle mentioned there formed the plough-team; see Lennard, 'Domesday Plough-teams', p. 218. Otherwise the}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\cf1\insrsid335287 m}{
\insrsid335287 ain scribe of Great Domesday must have received information from elsewhere. See DEV 1,3 cattle note.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab WHEN THE COUNT ACQUIRED IT. This is probably a euphemism, a stronger version being }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 quando comes saisivit}{\cf1\insrsid335287  (
'when the count took possession of/seized it') in 4,25. It is the same in Exon as here, as also for 5,26-27;29, but see 4,28 previously note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab VALUE NOW. This corrects the first version of }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Explorer}{\cf1\insrsid335287  which omitted 'value'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 4,24\tab [Exon 206a1]}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab THE CANONS OF ST PROBUS. Their church was at Probus, Cornwall. }{\insrsid335287 
In 1086 it was a secular college containing canons. A monastery or collegiate establishment was apparently founded here by King Athelstan (924-940), but as the dedicatee is a Celtic saint, it is probable that there was an earlier foundation. }{
\i\insrsid335287 Propus}{\insrsid335287  occurs in the tenth-century list of saints: Olson and Padel, 'List of Cornish Parochial Saints', p. 51 no. 24. The spelling of the name there suggests that }{\i\insrsid335287 Propus}{\insrsid335287 
 is not the Latin }{\i\insrsid335287 probus}{\insrsid335287  ('honourable', 'honest', 'worthy') but has been assimilated to it and therefore to one of the universal saints with that name. Sherborne, the site of an important abbey, was formerly }{
\i\insrsid335287 Lanprobi}{\insrsid335287  ('the church-site of Probus', probably 'of Propus') and it is possible that he 
was an important Celtic saint who is unknown apart from the dedication. The church was granted to Exeter Cathedral by Henry I in 1123: }{\i\insrsid335287 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\insrsid335287 
, ii. p. 185 no. 1391, and see p. 72 no. 841. See also Knowles and Hadcock, }{\i\insrsid335287 Medieval Religious Houses}{\insrsid335287 , pp. 417, 435; Farmer, }{\i\insrsid335287 The Oxford Dictionary of Saints}{\insrsid335287 , p. 337; Olson, }{
\i\insrsid335287 Early Monasteries}{\insrsid335287 , pp. 88, 97; Padel, }{\i\insrsid335287 Cornish Place-Names}{\insrsid335287 , p. 146; Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid335287 Domesday People}{\insrsid335287 , p. 536.
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab In Exon the heading is 'The Lands (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 terrae}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , plural) of St Probus of Cornwall', although only one holding is recorded; compare 4,26 St Piran's note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab PROBUS. This was an Ancient Parish including the township of Grampound, Merther chapelry and the chapelry of Cornelly, anciently called 'Grogoth'. T
he estate can be identified in the Tax Return for 'Tybesta' Hundred, though only 1 hide of the 1 hide and 1 virgate is mentioned there.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 4 \'bd PLOUGHS THERE. Exon has 'The canons have 4 \'bd ploughs there'; 'in lordship' was probably omitted in error, as elsewhere.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 4,25\tab [Exon 206a2]}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab THE CANONS OF ST CARANTOC'S. Their church was at Crantock, Cornwall, and was }{\insrsid335287 
collegiate in 1086 and comprised canons. It probably originated as a Celtic monastery or community of priests. St Carantoc may be a sixth-century or seventh-century saint who came from Cardiganshire and spread the gospel in Cornwall before going on to Bri
t
tany. Churches at Llangranog (Cardiganshire) and Carhampton (Somerset) are also dedicated to him and there are dedications to him in Brittany too. There is no certainty about the date of foundation: Carantoc does not appear in the tenth-century list of Co
rnish saints (Olson and Padel, 'List of Cornish Parochial Saints'), but that does not preclude an earlier foundation. The church was given by William, Count of Mortain, Robert's son, to Montacute Priory }{\i\insrsid335287 c}{\insrsid335287 
. 1110, and subsequently sold to the Bishop of Exeter in 1236; it seems probable that the grant by William of Mortain to the Abbey of Cluny, confirmed by Henry I between 1100 and 1122 (}{\i\insrsid335287 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\insrsid335287 
, ii. p. 180 no. 1367) is a forgery; see Doble, }{\i\insrsid335287 Saint Carantoc}{\insrsid335287 ; Doble, }{\i\insrsid335287 Saints of Cornwall}{\insrsid335287 , iv. pp. 31-52; Farmer, }{\i\insrsid335287 The Oxford Dictionary of Saints}{\insrsid335287 
, p. 68; Knowles and Hadcock, }{\i\insrsid335287 Medieval Religious Houses}{\insrsid335287 , pp. 414, 423, 471; Olson, }{\i\insrsid335287 Early Monasteries}{\insrsid335287 , pp. 88, 93, 97-98; Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid335287 Domesday People}{
\insrsid335287 ,}{\i\insrsid335287  }{\insrsid335287 p. 531; Padel, }{\i\insrsid335287 Cornish Place-Name}{\insrsid335287 s, p. 74.
\par \tab \tab }{\cf1\insrsid335287 In Exon the heading is 'The Land of St Carantoc' and while 'the canons of St Carantoc's' have Crantock, 'the same St [Carantoc's]' held in 1066.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab CRANTOCK. }{\insrsid335287 The name used in Domesday (}{\i\insrsid335287 Langorroc}{\insrsid335287  in Exon, }{\i\insrsid335287 Langoroch}{\insrsid335287  in Great Domesday) contains the saint's name, and probably survive in }{
\i\insrsid335287 Langurra}{\insrsid335287  ('the church-site of Correck'), a house-name in the village of Crantock, if Correck is a pet form of Carantoc: }{\cf1\insrsid335287 Padel, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Cornish Place-Names}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
, p. 74. This was an Ancient Parish.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab The estate does not appear in any Tax Return. It would have lain within the area of Rialton (St Petroc's) Hundred and was perhaps returned with St Petroc's land, or was omitted as never paying tax; see \{
Introduction: Hundreds\}.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab IT HAS NEVER PAID TAX. In the manuscript of Great Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 7 nunq' geld'}{\cf1\insrsid335287  was 
interlined by a scribe who did no other work on the manuscript. This information is not in Exon, so his source must have been another document; compare 4,12 hide note.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 \'bd PLOUGHS THERE. Exon has 'The canons have 1 \'bd ploughs there'; 'in lordship' was probably omitted in error, as elsewhere.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab WHEN THE COUNT TOOK POSSESSION. Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 saisivit}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
. Used in the passive, the verb means 'to be given seisin, to be put in possession of', which is a legal process. The active, as here, can mean 'took possession (by force
)' or even 'seized'. Exon has 'the Count of Mortain' with the same strong phrase. Compare 4,28 previously note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 4,26\tab [Exon 206b2]}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab THE CANONS OF ST PIRAN'S. Their church was at 'Perran' in Perranzabuloe, Cornwall. }{\insrsid335287 Perran may have been a fifth-century C
eltic saint who came to Cornwall from Wales or Ireland. His name is found in Perranporth, Perranarworthal, Perranuthnoe and Perranzabuloe. It is possible that this religious house (like St Keverne, 4,23) had once possessed considerably more lands which we
re taken by English kings and given away: see 4,7 'Tywarnhayle' note. St Piran may be the }{\i\insrsid335287 Pierguin}{\insrsid335287 
 of the tenth-century list of saints (Olson and Padel, 'List of Cornish Parochial Saints', p. 52 no. 27) but his establishment at 'Perran' could well be much e
arlier, perhaps an eremitic cell which enlarged to become a monastery or community of priests. By 1086 it was a collegiate institution with canons. The church was given to Exeter Cathedral by Henry I in 1123: }{\i\insrsid335287 
Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\insrsid335287 , ii. p. 185 no. 1391, and see p. 72 no. 841. St Piran became the patron saint of the Cornish tin-miners in much later times; see Doble, }{\i\insrsid335287 Saint Perran}{\insrsid335287 ; Farmer, }{
\i\insrsid335287 The Oxford Dictionary of Saints}{\insrsid335287 , p. 330; Olson, }{\i\insrsid335287 Early Monasteries}{\insrsid335287 , pp. 88, 97; Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid335287 Domesday People}{\insrsid335287 ,}{\i\insrsid335287  }{\insrsid335287 p. 5
36.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab In Exon the heading is 'The Lands (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 terrae}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
, plural) of St Piran in Cornwall', although only one holding is recorded; compare 4,24 canons note. If the heading was written after the text beneath it (which is by no means certain, although a different sc
ribe sometimes wrote the heading) the error may have been caused by the holding of St Constantine's (= 4,29) being included under the heading rather than in a separate section.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 'PERRAN'. The name-form in Great Domesday and Exon is }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Lanpiran}{\cf1\insrsid335287 . This was an Ancient Parish including the chapelry (later parish) of St Agnes. The original site of }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Lanpiran}{\cf1\insrsid335287  was at St Piran's oratory (SW768563), long since}{\insrsid335287  }{\cf1\insrsid335287 engulfed by advancing sand dunes. A Norman church was constructed at SW772564 then abandoned in the face of the 
blown sand. The modern name Perranzabuloe contains Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 in sabulo}{\cf1\insrsid335287  ('in (the) sand') as a suffix. The modern church, built in 1804, is at SW7757; see Padel, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Cornish Place-Names}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 137.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab The estate at 'Perran' appears in no Tax Return. It would have been an enclave in the Hundred of Rialton (St Petroc's) and was perhaps included in the 30 hides free of tax that it holds (\{Introduction: Hundreds\}).}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\insrsid335287 \tab IT WAS ALWAYS FREE. In Exon 'which they (the canons) held free (}{\i\insrsid335287 liberam}{\insrsid335287 ) in 1066', referring to 'Perran'. I
t is unclear whether they held it freely (as in the Exon entry corresponding to 4,27) or that 'Perran' was free of tax (see 4,26 'Perran' note). Other church holdings here state that they were 'exempt from every service (}{\i\insrsid335287 
quieta ab omni servitio}{\insrsid335287 )' (4,5;29) 
or that they 'never paid tax' (4,2-4;12;22;24-25;28). This freedom from tax and/or service is more likely to be correct because the usual meaning of 'held freely' is that the tenant could choose his lord (see 4,6 separated note) which fits oddly here as t
he canons held in chief. However, all these phrases may mean the same; see 4,27 St Buryan note.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\insrsid335287 \tab 2 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'The canons have 1 plough and the villagers 1 plough'; }{\cf1\insrsid335287 'in lordship' was probably omitted in error after the canons' plough, as elsewhere.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\insrsid335287 \tab 2 LANDS. Oddly this alienation is not recorded in the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ; compare 4,28 land note. See Fleming, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
, p. 123 no. 311.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab FOUR WEEKS' REVENUE. Similar to 'one night's revenue' (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 firma unius noctis}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ),}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\cf1\insrsid335287 
which was supplied by certain royal manors, and was the amount of food needed to support the king and his household for one night. This custom was adopted by many religious houses.
 In this case the two lands (possibly with other manors) had originally to supply the canons with enough provisions to last them for four weeks. By the eleventh century, however, these food rents were generally commuted into money payments.}{
\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab THE DEAN. That is, the head of the Church of St Piran.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab BERNER <OF HORNACOTT> HOLDS ONE OF THEM. This is almost certainly the unidentified \'93Tregrebri\'94: 5,8,10 and 5,8,10 St Piran's note. On Berner, see 4,6 Berner note.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab ODO <OF BOTELET> HOLDS FROM ST PIRAN'S. Odo is 
a tenant of the Count of Mortain (5,14; see 4,28 Odo note). There is no livestock on his estate at Treligga (5,14,3) in Stratton Hundred, though there is 1 plough there, half of which is said in Exon to be in lordship while the villagers have 3 oxen. Ther
e is neither livestock nor plough at 5,14,5 (Trevell?) or at 5,14,6 (Porthallow). Trevell (if correctly identified) lay in Rillaton Hundred and Porthallow lay in Fawton Hundred.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 4,27\tab [Exon 207a2]}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab THE CANONS OF ST BURYAN'S. Their church was at St Buryan in Cornwall, dedicated to St Berion. In 1086}{\insrsid335287 
 it was a secular college containing canons. This church was founded or more probably re-founded by King Athelstan between 925 and 939 and granted 1 }{\i\insrsid335287 mansa}{\insrsid335287  of land. He may have installed the secular canons whose 
successors were there in 1086. This 'foundation' almost certainly superseded an earlier Celtic monastery or community of priests dedicated to St Berion. She was said to have come from Ireland and was credited with curing the son of King Geraint of Cornwal
l of paralysis. If so, she will have lived in the late seventh and early eighth century. She is found in the tenth-century list of Cornish saints (Olson and Padel, 'List of Cornish Parochial Saints', p. 48 no. 19). Berrien in Finist\'e8
re, France, has the same dedication; see Farmer, }{\i\insrsid335287 The Oxford Dictionary of Saints}{\insrsid335287 , p. 60; Knowles and Hadcock, }{\i\insrsid335287 Medieval Religious Houses}{\insrsid335287 , pp. 417, 436; Olson, }{\i\insrsid335287 
Early Monasteries}{\insrsid335287 , pp. 78-84, 89; Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid335287 Domesday People}{\insrsid335287 ,}{\i\insrsid335287  }{\insrsid335287 p. 529; Padel, }{\i\insrsid335287 Cornish Place-Name}{\insrsid335287 s, p. 61.
\par \tab \tab }{\cf1\insrsid335287 In Exon the heading is 'The Land of St Buryan the Virgin'.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab ST BURYAN. This was an Ancient Parish and included Sennen and St Levan. The estate can be identified in the Tax Return for 'Connerton' Hundred. }{\insrsid335287 The grant by }{\cf1\insrsid335287 
King Athelstan granted land here consisting of one }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 mansa}{\cf1\insrsid335287  in seven places between 925 and 939; see Sawyer, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , no. 450; }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 
Early Charters of Devon and Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 17 no. 78; Hooke, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Charter Bounds of Devon and Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 22. This presumably coincided with its establishment as a church in th
e Saxon style with canons.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab Exon adds 'which the same virgin (St Buryan) held freely (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 libere}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
) in 1066', referring to the estate of St Buryan. The Tax Return for 'Connerton' Hundred states that St Buryan's 1 hide holding (together with the 2 hides of St Mi
chael's (= 4,2) never paid tax, which might be the meaning of the unusual (for here) 'held freely'; see 4,26 free note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \'bd PLOUGH THERE. Exon has 'The canons have 4 oxen there'; 'in lordship' was probably omitted in error, as elsewhere. On the number of oxen to a plough team, see 5,2,19 plough note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab WHEN THE COUNT ACQUIRED THE LAND. This is probably a euphemism for illegal possession; see 4,23 count note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 4,28\tab [Exon 207a3]}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab THE CLERICS OF ST NEOT'S. Their church was at St Neot, Cornwall.}{\insrsid335287  This was a Celtic monastery or religious community possessing a small amount of land in 1086. The establishment was of priests (}{\i\insrsid335287 
presbiteri}{\insrsid335287 ) or clerics (}{\i\insrsid335287 clerici}{\insrsid335287 ), but it is not certain how these differ from the canons of other churches in this chapter. Neot was possibl
y related to King Alfred and was a monk of Glastonbury who settled here, close to Bodmin moor, as a hermit in the ninth century. He was buried here. He may possibly be the Nioth or Rioth of the tenth-century list of saints: Olson and Padel, 'List of Corni
s
h Parochial Saints', p. 49 no. 23. The better known St Neot's, Huntingdonshire, is apparently named after him and his relics were translated there. After 1086 the church was given to Montacute Priory by William, Count of Mortain, son of Robert; it seems p
robable that the grant by William of Mortain to the Abbey of Cluny, confirmed by Henry I between 1100 and 1122 (}{\i\insrsid335287 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\insrsid335287 , ii. p. 180 no. 1367) is a forgery; see Doble, }{\i\insrsid335287 S. Neot}{
\insrsid335287 ; Knowles and Hadcock, }{\i\insrsid335287 Medieval Religious Houses}{\insrsid335287 , p. 481; Farmer, }{\i\insrsid335287 The Oxford Dictionary of Saints}{\insrsid335287 , p. 289; Olson, }{\i\insrsid335287 Early Monasteries}{\insrsid335287 
, pp. 85, 89, 97; Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid335287 Domesday People}{\insrsid335287 ,}{\i\insrsid335287  }{\insrsid335287 p. 533.
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab Latin}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  clerici}{\cf1\insrsid335287  here contrast with the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 canonici }{\cf1\insrsid335287 
of the previous entries; this is a church with secular clerics or priests, rather than with canons. The }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 clerici }{\cf1\insrsid335287 are no doubt the same as the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 presbyteri}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 later in the entry: Exon has }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 presbiteri}{\cf1\insrsid335287  for }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 clerici}{\cf1\insrsid335287  here as also later, under the heading 'The Land of St Neot's'. The }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 T.R.E.}{
\cf1\insrsid335287  holder is given in Exon as 'the same St [Neot's]' rather than the clerics.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab ST NEOT. This was an Ancient Parish. The estate can be identified in the Tax Return for Fawton Hundred, though there it is stated that 1 hide and 1 virgate a
re in lordship, whereas the 2 hides mentioned in this holding never paid tax. The Tax Return possibly takes account of the removal of 1 hide by the Count of Mortain (4,28 Odo note).}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab COUNT. Exon specifies 'the Count of Mortain'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab ALL THIS LAND. Although 
the main scribe of Great Domesday left a small space after the value of St Neot, beginning a new line for this sentence, it can refer only to the 2 hides of St Neot. Oddly, there is no mention of this alienation in the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 
Terrae Occupatae}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ; compare 4,26 lands note. See Fleming, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 123 no. 312.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab ODO <OF BOTELET> HOLDS FROM HIM. His holding under the Count of Mortain is 5,14,2. There is no mention of the illegal tenure there, but the 1066 holder was a priest, Godric. However, that hold
ing is only 1 hide, rather than the expected 2 hides less the 1 acre kept by the priests of St Neot's.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab VALUE 5s. Exon has 'Value 5s a year apart from the above-mentioned acre'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab PREVIOUSLY. Exon specifies 'when the count took it away from St [Neot's]', rather than 'when the count acquired it' which is the more usual phrase here; see 4,23 and 4,25..}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 4,29\tab [Exon 207a1]
\par \tab IN EXON THIS HOLDING is entered immediately after the entry for 'Perran' held by St Piran's (= 4,26), not even on a new line. It was not given a heading as were all the other church lands in this quire (= CON 4). It is possible that it was added.}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab [THE CHURCH OF] ST CONSTANTINE HAS \'bd HIDE. The place-name is not given but was clearly Constantine, which was an Ancient Parish. The estate can be identified in the Tax Return for Winnianton Hundred.
\par \tab \tab }{\insrsid335287 St Constantine's was a church situated at Constantine in Cornwall. In the eleventh century it was perhaps a collegiate establishment of priests or secular canons. It was possibly dedicated to th
e 'king and martyr' Constantine who was perhaps a sixth-century king of Cornwall, but there are also Scottish and Irish traditions of a Constantine who was a king and became a monk. In the Cornish version, he was traditionally said to have been converted 
b
y St Petroc. He was also probably the Constantine who was the patron saint of Milton Abbot and Dunsford churches in Devon There are two places called Constantine in Cornwall, one near Padstow and one on the banks of the River Helford, where the college wa
s in 1086. It probably originated as a small Celtic monastery or community of priests. By 1086 the church appears to have lost its land to the Count of Mortain, and there is no mention of clerics; see Henderson, }{\i\insrsid335287 Parish of Constantine}{
\insrsid335287 , pp. 44-45; Doble, }{\i\insrsid335287 Saints of Cornwall}{\insrsid335287 , ii. pp. 15-24; Farmer, }{\i\insrsid335287 The Oxford Dictionary of Saints}{\insrsid335287 , p. 91; Olson, }{\i\insrsid335287 Early Monasteries}{\insrsid335287 
, p. 90; Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid335287 Domesday People}{\insrsid335287 , p. 531.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab HAS PAID TAX. Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 reddid[it]}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , perfect tense. This corrects the Phillimore printed translation which has the pluperfect 'had paid tax'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab WRONGFULLY, LIKE VILLAGERS' LAND. The tax burden of most Great Domesday estates fell on the working population (the villagers, smallholders, cottagers etc.). Land held by the lord in lordship is usually thought to hav
e been exempt of tax.
\par \tab \tab The implication here is, presumably, that the count was collecting tax from the clerics and pocketing the receipts (JP).
\par \tab \tab See Fleming, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 123 no. 313. She translates 'after Robert took the land'; this forces the meaning of }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 accepit}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 which means 'received', 'acquired', even though in this case it may be a euphemism.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5\tab LAND OF THE COUNT OF MORTAIN. }{\insrsid335287 Robert, Count of Mortain, was son of Herluin de Conteville and Herl\'e8
ve, mother of William the Conqueror. He was thus the half-brother of the Conqueror, also the full brother of Bishop Odo of Bayeux who granted him the comt\'e9 of Mortain }{\i\insrsid335287 c}{\insrsid335287 
. 1048. Robert fought at Hastings. He was put in charge of Pevensey Rape (Sussex) where he built a castle and his holdings in Cornwall dominated the county of which he was }{\i\insrsid335287 de facto}{\insrsid335287 
 earl. Altogether he held estates in 20 counties. He was twice married, first to Matilda daughter of Roger of Montgomery (Earl of Shrewsbury) and Mabel of Bell\'eame, 
and secondly to Almodis. Robert's son William inherited his estates but rebelled in 1104 and the enormous fief was broken up. Some lands, however, retained the title of Mortain fees and the tenants of others became tenants-in-chief and their lands became 
separate honours or baronies.
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab 
Count Robert was effectively viceroy in Cornwall, occupying there a similar position to Earl Hugh in Cheshire and Earl Roger in Shropshire, that is to say that the majority of lay holders, who in other counties would have hel
d from king, here hold from the Count of Mortain. Robert abused his position on a grand scale, having seized a large number of other lands: some belonging to King William (parts of 1,4;6-7 and 22 members of the multiple estate of Winnianton at1,1); some b
e
longing to the Bishop of Exeter (2,12-14); to Tavistock Abbey (3,7); to St Michael's, St Stephen's, St Petroc's (perhaps as many as 19 estates), St Achebran's, St Carantoc's, St Piran's, St Buryan's, St Neot's and St Constantine's (part or all of 4,1-2;7-
15;19-20;22-23;25-29).}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab 
He had also removed a market from the canons of St Stephen's (4,2) and put it in his castle at Launceston, set up a market in his castle, probably the one at Trematon, to rival that of St German's Church (2,6) and taken away a fair 
in Methleigh from the Bishop of Exeter (2,2).}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab The count also held four manors, Fawton, Rillaton, Stratton and 'Tybesta', that named hundreds. He presumably controlled these hundreds and received the profits from them.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab ARRANGEMENT.}{\b\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\cf1\insrsid335287 For the Phillimore p
rinted translation it was decided for ease of referencing to subdivide the very large chapter 5 into the lands held by the count himself and those held under him by a series of tenants, giving each subtenant a number (for an exception, see 5,24 below). A 
similar decision was made for Domesday Shropshire. The main scribe of Great Domesday omitted the number }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 V}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 beside the chapter heading (though it is in the Landholders' List on folio 120a), as on several occasions. He generally indicated the beginning of each
 of subsections 5,1-23;25-26 by capitals for the holder's name (his initial letter in a larger capital) which was then lined through in vermilion for}{\insrsid335287  }{\cf1\insrsid335287 
emphasis (except in 5,10); he used lower-case letters for the tenants in 5,2 and 5,14 with no red-lining i
n 5,2, probably by mistake. He usually left a small space equivalent to a line or two between each subsection. The capitals, but not the spaces, are reproduced in Farley. Subsequent entries then begin }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Idem tenet}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 ('The same man/He also holds'). Subsection 5
,24 corresponds to 'The Lands of the King's Thanes' and 'The Lands of the King's Servants' that conclude many counties in Great Domesday. The names of some but not all of the tenants in this subsection were written in capitals and lined through at their f
irst occurrence (5,24,1;3-4;7;11-13;15-16;19;22;24-25), lower-case and no red-lining being used for the tenants in 5,24,6;8-10;18;20-21; the reason for this distinction is not known, but scribal error cannot be ruled out.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab However, the Great Domesday scrib
e changed his policy in a number of entries within some subsections, perhaps because he was not sure whether the tenant was the same, despite the same name: he repeated the tenant's name and/or included 'from the count' which was normally reserved for the
 
first entry and once he used capitals and red-lining for the name. These changes generally coincide with the entries being in a different hundred or on a different folio in Exon, but there are some surprising omissions. Whenever there is a suspicion as to
 
the identity of a tenant within a subsection, this is mentioned in the relevant notes; see 5,2. 5,3. 5,4. 5,5. 5,9. 5,14. 5,15. 5,17-19. 5,20. 5,23 notes, and see also 5,7,11 Iovin note and 5,13,11 Osfrith note. The scribe briefly omitted several entries 
and included them either amongst or after the lands of subsequent tenants, indicating the misplacement clearly with pairs of transposition signs; see 5,4,19 entry note; 5,4,20 entry note; 5,6,7 entry note; and compare 5,2,30 Trecan note.}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab Thus in Great Do
mesday Book, the Count of Mortain's lands are arranged by holder. A different arrangement was used for his lands in Exon, one by hundreds. In converting the hundredal to a feudal arrangement the main scribe of Great Domesday inevitably made some mistakes.
 However, most of these were corrected as he wrote the folios of Cornwall.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab In Exon the count's fief in Cornwall occupies four complete quires (numbered 3b-3e) and half of a very large fifth quire (3f, which also contains, after a space, more than half of 
the count's lands in Somerset): Exon folios 224a-265a. As Exon was not bound up until the fourteenth or fifteenth century it was quite important that at the start of these quires it was clear to people using them which county's lands were being held by th
e count as he held in all five south-western counties (though the folios containing his fief in Dorset and Wiltshire have not survived). This need was filled by the inscription of }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 CORNUBIA}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 at the start of quires 3c and 3e and }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 CORnuGallia}{\cf1\insrsid335287  at the start of qui
re 3f. It was probably thought that quire 3d did not need anything as the text ran onto it from quire 3c; likewise no county heads were felt necessary for quire 3a containing the second half of the count's Devon fief or for quire 3g which had the rest of 
his lands in Somerset, because in both cases the text ran over from the previous quire. The bulk of the count's lands in Cornwall (quires 3b-3e) was written by two scribes, one of whom was one of the three chief scribes in the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 
Liber Exoniensis}{\cf1\insrsid335287  and the other was probably a scribe from Salisbury scriptorium (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 ex inf.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 Tessa Webber; see also Webber, 'Salisbury and Exon Domesday'). The count's Cornish lands in quire 3f were written by the same chief scribe, another of the chief scribes and by two otherwise unidentified scribes.
\par \tab \tab Each of the first four quires (3b-3e) contain the count's lands in one, two or three hundreds. It would seem that the policy was to begin a quire with a new hundred and follow it with another hundred if there was space: thus quire 3c has p
laces in Fawton Hundred, followed by those in Stratton (with Rillaton; see below); quire 3e contains only places in 'Tybesta' Hundred. However, the number of places in Stratton (with Rillaton) Hundred meant that quire 3d is also devoted to them. Quire 3b 
b
egins, as expected, with places in Winnianton Hundred, but these only occupy the first four folios of a ten-folio quire, the rest of it being filled first with places in Fawton Hundred and then a few in Stratton Hundred: these may have been initially omit
t
ed when the rest of the lands in them were entered in quire 3c and quire 3d. The fifth quire (3f) begins as expected with lands in 'Connerton' Hundred, then yet more places in Stratton (with Rillaton) Hundred are detailed, in the middle of which are a few
 
estates in hundreds which were entered in other quires, again probably because they were found at a late stage in the writing up of the count's fief. It should be remembered that the order of these quires would not have been fixed when they were used by t
he main scribe of Great Domesday, except that the text of quire 3d followed on from quire 3c, although in fact there are indications that he used them in the current order of quires (5,1,13 Rillaton note).
\par \tab \tab The hundredal order in these 4 \'bd quires in Exon, 
which contain the count's lands in Cornwall, with the corresponding entries in Great Domesday is thus (the few cases where a place, and so its hundred, is not securely identified are discussed in the notes):}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\b\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab Quire 3b}{\cf1\insrsid335287  (folios 224a-233b):
\par }{\ul\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab Winnianton Hundred}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 on 224a-227b = 5,15,1-2. 5,4,1. 5,5,1. 5,7,1. 5,3,1. 5,24,13. 5,17,1-2. 5,2,33.) These are followed by most of the lands removed from the royal manor of Winnianton (1,1), given here in fuller detail than in Exon 99a-100b (the king's lordship lands); the
y do not reappear in the count's fief in Great Domesday. Three-quarters of 227b is blank, perhaps left for more places in this hundred or perhaps because the Exon scribe wanted to begin the account of Fawton Hundred on a new folio.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 

\par }{\ul\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab Fawton Hundred}{\cf1\insrsid335287  on 228a-232a1 (or 232a2, depending on the identification of }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Treuiliud}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 at 232a2 = 5,24,2) = 5,1,1-2. 5,3,2-7. 5,12,1. 5,2,30-32. 5,13,1-5. 5,14,1-3. 5,24,22. 5.20,1. 5,24,15. 5,20,2. 5,22,1. 5,24,16. 5,4,19. 5,24,19. 5,24,1. 5,24,2?.
\par }{\ul\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab Stratton Hundred}{\cf1\insrsid335287  on 232a2 or 232a3 (see above) to 233b = 5,24,2? 5,5,2-8. 5,4,2. 5,10,1. 5,11,1-2.
\par }{\b\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab Quire 3c}{\cf1\insrsid335287  (folios 234a-241b):
\par }{\ul\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab Fawton Hundred }{\cf1\insrsid335287 on 234a-236b = 5,21,1. 5,4,3. 5,12,2. 5,5,9-14. 5,7,2. 5,2,1-7. 5,4,4-5.
\par }{\ul\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab Stratton Hundred}{\cf1\insrsid335287  on 237a-241b = 5,1,3-5. 5,7,3. 5,24,23. 5,7,4-10. 5,24,17. 5,4,6-10. 5,8,1-10. 5,6,1-6. 5,9,1.
\par }{\b\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab Quire 3d }{\cf1\insrsid335287 (folios 242a-246b)
\par }{\ul\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab Stratton Hundred}{\cf1\insrsid335287  with three smaller groups of places in }{\ul\cf1\insrsid335287 Rillaton Hundred}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 on 242a-245b. There is reason to think that the two hundreds were returned together: see \{Introduction: Hundreds\}
. The corresponding order of the entries in Great Domesday is 5,9,2-3. 5,23,1-2. 5,6,8;7;9. 5,17,3. 5,24,3. 5,13,8;6;7. 5,11,3-6. 5,24,18. 5,14,3-5. 5,11,7. 5,18,1. 5,4,11. 5,2,8. 5,24,14. 5,17,4. Folio 246ab is blank.
\par }{\b\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab Quire 3e}{\cf1\insrsid335287  (folios 247a-254b)}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\ul\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 'Tybesta' Hundred}{\cf1\insrsid335287  on 247a-254b = 5,1,6. 5,3,8-17. 5,1,7-10. 5,4,12-17. 5,5,15-21.5,2,9-10. 5,13,9-10. 5,6,10. 5,9.4. 5,24,20;4;21. 5,23,3. 5,7,11. 5,15,4-6. 5,24,8. 5,23,4. 5,24,9-12.
\par }{\b\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab Quire 3f}{\cf1\insrsid335287  (folios 255a-274b)
\par }{\ul\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 'Connerton' Hundred }{\cf1\insrsid335287 on 255a-255b2 = 5,1,11-12. 5,23,5. 5,4,18. 5,12,3.
\par }{\ul\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab Rillaton and Stratton Hundreds}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 on 255b3-265a. A small number of places in other hundreds (indicated below) are included. The corresponding order of the entries in Great Domesday is 5,24,24. 5,2,11-28 (of which 5,2,20, a duplic
ate entry for Lewarne, is in Fawton Hundred). 5,25,25 (in 'Connerton' Hundred, perhaps added at the foot of 258b). 5,3,18-28 (the last two being in 'Connerton' Hundred). 5,26,1-4. 5,1,14. 5,2,29. 5,24,7. 5,1,15-21. 5,24,6 (seemingly in Winnianton Hundred)
. 5,24,25. 5,25,1-4. 5,16,1-2. 5,19,1. 5,13,11-12. 5,1,13. 5,4,20. 5,24,5. 5,1,22. 5,7,12-13. 5,5,22. 5,14,6 (this last apparently in Fawton Hundred).}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,1,1\tab [Exon 228a1]
\par \tab }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 CORN'}{\cf1\insrsid335287  (= Cornwall) was written in the top margin of the Exon manuscript, although this was the middle, not the beginning of a quire (see CON 5 arrangement note).}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab FAWTON. This was a settlement in the Ancient Parish of St Neot and was the head of a 1086 hundred.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab MERLESWEIN [* THE SHERIFF *]. He may be the important English thane in King Edward's reign who was sheriff of Lincolnshire at some stage during King William's reign (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Regesta}{\cf1\insrsid335287  }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , no. 216 pp. 686-88) until he joined the Danes in 1069
 in their attack on York (the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, version D, for 1068 [1069]). All of Ralph Paynel's lands in Devon, Somerset and Yorkshire and almost all his others in Gloucestershire and Lincolnshire had been held by Merleswein in 1066. Of this thane
's other estates, four in Somerset passed to Walter of Douai and one to the king and one in Yorkshire passed to Count Alan. In Cornwall all the lands held }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 T.R.E.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 by a Merleswein were held in 1086 by the Count of Mortain, three in lordship, six from his men, but although there is no definite proof that this was the same Merleswein and that he was the sheriff of Lincolnshire it is likely: }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 
VCH Somerset}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , i. p. 418. Frequently in Domesday all the lands of an Anglo-Saxon in a given area passed to one Norman, as with Merleswein's lands in Devon, Gloucestershire and Lincolnshire.
\par }{\insrsid335287 \tab \tab Identified as sheriff and official predecessor of Ralph Paynel in the }{\i\insrsid335287 Clamores}{\insrsid335287  for Lincolnshire (CW12. CK31), Merleswein was among the ten wealth
iest Anglo-Saxon magnates after the great earls. He is usually described as sheriff of Lincolnshire, being named as a sheriff in the Lincolnshire folios; but it would make more sense if he were sheriff of Yorkshire, where the political weight of a magnate
-sheriff - the only such one in Anglo-Saxon England - would have been needed. A late tradition states that Merleswein was given an official position in the north by Harold in the aftermath of Stamford Bridge: Walker, }{\i\insrsid335287 Harold}{
\insrsid335287 , p. 142 (JP).
\par \tab \tab Merleswein provid
es the classic case of an antecessor supplying title to a Norman baron. Virtually the entire fief of Ralph Paynel came to him from his officially designated predecessor, Merleswein; and the apparent exceptions can be explained. Ralph's holding at Sandburn
 
was illegally acquired according to the Canons of York (YKS C25), while those at Broughton and Scawby (LIN 35,2;16), previously held by Grimkel, had in fact been in Merleswein's possession in 1066, granted to him by Grimkel in an attempt to evade forfeitu
r
e (LIN CW12). Ralph's only other holding was at East Carlton (NTH 31,1), where his predecessor was a Thorkil. This may have been the exception proving the rule; but it is also possible that Merleswein was Grimkel's overlord, these not normally being recor
ded in the circuit (4) in which Northamptonshire lay (JP).
\par \tab \tab The only holdings of Merleswein which did not devolve upon Ralph Paynel were those which would have intruded into the territorial blocks allocated to others: the Count of Mortain's Cornish fiefdom
, Count Alan's honour of Richmond, and the royal manor of South Petherton. There is no reason to doubt that the Merleswein's who had held parts of these territories was the sheriff, Merleswein, the only man to bear that name in Domesday Book. See also Cla
rke, }{\i\insrsid335287 English Nobility}{\insrsid335287 , pp. 322-24, whose list omits CON 5,2,18. 5,4,5 and GLS 44,1 (JP).}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,1,2\tab [Exon 228a2]
\par \tab LISKEARD. This was an Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Fawton Hundred in 1086. The meaning is 'the court of Kerwyd' (Padel, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Cornish Place-Names}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
, p. 110) and this was clearly an important place. For one of its members, Trewidland, see 5,2,1 Torwell? note and 5,24,2 \'93Treviliud\'94 note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab MERLESWEIN [* THE SHERIFF *]. See 5,1,1 Merleswein note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab A MARKET. Liskeard later became a borough and the market may be the beginning of urbanisation; see Beresford and Finberg, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 English Medieval Boroughs}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 79; and \{Introduction: Boroughs
\}.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab MILL WHICH PAYS 12s. Exon adds 'a year'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab WOODLAND, 400 ACRES. Exon has '300 acres'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \'a326 LESS 20d. See 4,7 pays note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,1,3\tab [Exon 237a1]
\par \tab STRATTON. The Great Domesday name-form }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Stratone}{\cf1\insrsid335287  is Old Cornish }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 strad}{\cf1\insrsid335287  ('valley') and English }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 tun}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
. Stratton was an Ancient Parish and the centre of a large hundred of that name. It was one of the Cornish manors that in the time of King Alfred was administered from Lifton (Devon) and was given by that king in his will to his elder son; see Sawyer, }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , no. 1507; and \{Introduction: History\}.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab BISHOP OSBERN. This is anachronistic as the Bishop of Exeter in 1066 was Leofric. Bishop Osbern was not consecrated until 1072; see CON 2 bishop note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab ALFRED THE MARSHAL. He is perhaps to be identified with Alfred who was a pre-Conquest sheriff of Dorset (DOR 49,15); see }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 VCH Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , ii. part 8, p. 58; Harmer, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 
Anglo-Saxon Writs}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , no. 1 pp. 120-21, and p. 557.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 10 SALT-HOUSES. }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Salinae }{\cf1\insrsid335287 
comprehend all kinds of salt-workings from coastal pans, as here, to the boilers of Worcestershire and Cheshire, with their associated sheds and buildings. 'Salt-house' is the most comprehensive term. See WOR 1,3a brine-pits note and WOR 1,3a }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 hocci}{\cf1\insrsid335287  note on salt extraction. Stratton's land no doubt stretched to the coast where the salt-pans probably were. It is possible that they lay in the Bude estuary.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab VALUE \'a336 LESS 20d. Exon has 'This pays (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 reddit}{\cf1\insrsid335287 )'; see 4,7 pays note and 2,3 value note. Here and in the entries corresponding to 5,1,4-5 the Exon scribe used the word }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 nummos}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , which the Great Domesday scribe changed to }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 denarios}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ; }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 nummus}{\cf1\insrsid335287  is a general term for 'money', 'coi
n', but as the only coin in circulation in 1086 was the penny, the meaning here is the same as }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 denarius}{\cf1\insrsid335287 .}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,1,4\tab [Exon 237a2]
\par \tab HELSTONE. This was a settlement in the Ancient Parish of Lanteglos-by-Camelford and it appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 
2 HIDES THERE, HOWEVER. This was interlined by scribe B as a result of his check of Exon. It is the first of his nine contributions to Cornwall, seven of which concern the hidage. Six of these seven were the addition of the whole statement, as
 here, and they were done in one campaign; see also 5,2,9-12. 5,11,2. In Exon the hidage was almost always entered before the tax and in reversing this order in chapter 2 and chapter 5 the main scribe of Great Domesday omitted the hidage statement on eigh
t occasions and the omission was rectified by scribe B all but twice (see 5,2,22 acre note and 5,5,13 hide note).}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \'a316 LESS 20d. See 4,7 pays note and 5,1,3 value note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,1,5\tab [Exon 237a3]
\par \tab TREGLASTA. This was a settlement in Davidstow Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab EARL HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 12 SILVER MARKS. A silver mark was worth 13s 4d, so the 12 silver marks here were the equivalent of \'a38. This form of payment is especially associated with royal manors. Treglasta, Trenowth, Brannel and Rillaton, this last the 
}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 caput}{\cf1\insrsid335287  of a hundred, all made it (5,1,5;7-8;13). Rillaton may well have been a royal manor, perhaps once dependent on Lifton: \{Introduction: Hundreds\}
. Trenowth had certainly been held by King Edgar (5,1,7 Trenowth note).}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab VALUE NOW \'a316 LESS 20d. Exon has 'This pays (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 reddit}{\cf1\insrsid335287 )'; see 4,7 pays note and 2,3 value note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,1,6\tab [Exon 247a1]
\par \tab 'TYBESTA'. This was a settlement in Creed Ancient Parish and was the head of a hundred of that name. It appears on the one-inch first series Ordnance Survey map of 1813 at SW947486. It is no longer a settlement site.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab VALUE. Exon has 'This pays (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 reddit}{\cf1\insrsid335287 )'; see 2,3 value note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,1,7\tab [Exon 249a1]
\par \tab TRENO
WTH. This was a settlement in Probus Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in 'Tybesta' Hundred in 1086. This estate might have been expected to appear in Exon after the entry corresponding to 5,1,6, but a group of places held from the count by Richard 
intervene (247a2-248b2, corresponding to 5,3,8-17). As there is no change in scribe on these Exon folios, it seems that the entries corresponding to 5,1,7-10 were merely briefly omitted, perhaps mislaid.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab One }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 mansa}{\cf1\insrsid335287  at Trenowth together with one }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 mansa}{\cf1\insrsid335287  at Lamorran and 1 }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 pertica}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 at Tregellas were subjects of a grant by King Edgar to Aelfheah Gerent 'his man' and Aelfheah's wife Moruurei in 969. Trenowth in Great Domesday may stand for this group of lands; see Sawyer, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 , no. 770; }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Early Charters of Devon and Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 18 no. 86; Hooke, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Charter Bounds of Devon and Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 41.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab ABBOT SIHTRIC. He was the Abbot of Tavistock; see CON 3 Tavistock note. This suggests that Trenowth was another possession of Tavistock Abbey, perhaps alienated 
by the Count of Mortain like 5,1,16-17, though it is not mentioned with other alienations in 3,7.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab SILVER MARKS. See 5,1,5 marks note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,1,8\tab [Exon 249a2]
\par \tab BRANNEL. This was a settlement in the Ancient Parish of St Stephen-in-Brannel and it appears to have lain in 'Tybesta' Hundred in 1086. The centre of the Domesday manor was at Court (SW9552)}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\insrsid335287 \tab BRICTMER <OF RILLATON>. The Domesday forms of this name - }{\i\insrsid335287 Brictmar}{\insrsid335287 , }{\i\insrsid335287 Brictmar}{\insrsid335287 (}{\i\insrsid335287 us}{\insrsid335287 ), }{\i\insrsid335287 Brismar}{\insrsid335287 
, }{\i\insrsid335287 Brismer}{\insrsid335287 ,}{\i\insrsid335287  Brihtmar}{\insrsid335287 (}{\i\insrsid335287 us}{\insrsid335287 ), }{\i\insrsid335287 Bricmar}{\insrsid335287 , }{\i\insrsid335287 Bricsmar}{\insrsid335287 , }{\i\insrsid335287 Brictmar}{
\insrsid335287 [}{\i\insrsid335287 us}{\insrsid335287 ],}{\i\insrsid335287  Britmar}{\insrsid335287 , }{\i\insrsid335287 Britmar}{\insrsid335287 [}{\i\insrsid335287 us}{\insrsid335287 ] etc. - represent Old English}{\i\insrsid335287  Beorhtm\'e6r}{
\insrsid335287 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid335287 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid335287 , pp. 194-96. JRM preferred the first element Brict- for Old English }{\i\insrsid335287 Beorht-}{\insrsid335287 
, and the second element -mer for Old English -}{\i\insrsid335287 m\'e6r}{\insrsid335287 
, as they reflected the majority of the Domesday forms. The Phillimore printed edition has the form Brictmer except in Lincolnshire where Beorhtmaer occurs; these have now been standardized as Brictmer. The Alecto edition has Beorhtm\'e6r.
\par \tab \tab 
A Brictmer was the main predecessor of Baldwin of Exeter, from whom he acquired almost 20 holdings, his greatest income, and his two most valuable manors. A Brictmer was also the main predecessor of the Count of Mortain in Cornwall, supplying more of his 
m
anors and a larger income than any other individual, as well two of his six largest manors, including the largest (Rillaton). It is impossible to prove that every one of these Cornish Brictmer's was the same individual, though this seems likely. Seven of 
t
he holdings were allocated to the same subtenant; and it is noticeable that each of the others had one holding which was reasonably close to the three large manors of Brannel, Trematon and Rillaton. Finally, although there are no tenurial links to substan
tiate this, it seems likely that the two predecessors were the same individual and not two magnates separated by a county border. See also Clarke, }{\i\insrsid335287 English Nobility}{\insrsid335287 
, pp. 259-60, who omits Pencarrow (5,4,2) from his list. He points out that other Brictmers in
 the south-west could well also be the same individual; and although he mentions no specific cases, the holdings acquired by William of Poilley (DEV 21,19-21), Robert of Aum\'e2
le (DEV 28,15), Ansger (DEV 40,4), and Fulchere (DEV 49,1-3) are all possibilities since they lay close to one of the holdings acquired by Baldwin from Brictmer (JP).}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 20 [6] PLOUGHS. The main scribe of Great Domesday wrote }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 .xx. car}{\cf1\insrsid335287 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 ucis}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ],}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\cf1\insrsid335287 
probably repeated in error from }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 .xx. car'}{\cf1\insrsid335287  in the line}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\cf1\insrsid335287 above. In Exon the villagers have 6 ploughs.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab FORMERLY 12 SILVER MARKS. See 5,1,5 marks note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab VALUE. Exon has 'This pays (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 reddit}{\cf1\insrsid335287 )'; see 2,3 value note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,1,9\tab [Exon 249a3]
\par \tab 'MORESK'. This was a settlement in St Clement Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in 'Tybesta' Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab ORDWULF <OF ALWINGTON>. The name Ordwulf occurs on some 30 holdings and may represent three or four individuals. Two dozen of these holdings were probably held by Ordwulf <of Alwington>, 17 of them from the Count of
 Mortain in Cornwall, Devon, and Somerset. The Ordwulf who had held the royal manor of Broadclyst in Devon was probably the same man, given the status of the manor and its proximity to others of his manors. So, too, was the Ordwulf who had held the manor 
C
anons of Exeter at Haxton since this had been acquired by exchange with the Count of Mortain. Three other holdings of an Ordwulf in Devon had almost certainly belonged to Ordwulf <of Alwington> since they had devolved upon tenants-in-chief who held one of
 
his holdings in the hands of the Count of Mortain (DEV 30,1) or one of whose tenants did so (DEV 35,10). The two remaining holdings in Somerset are unlikely to have belonged to this Ordwulf as they were held in 1086 and there are no sign that the Count of
 Mortain's predecessor had survived. The remaining Ordwulfs, of Berkshire and Wiltshire, were some considerable distance away and had no apparent links with their south-western namesakes; but the possibility cannot be entirely precluded (JP).}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab VALUE. Exon has 'This pays (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 reddit}{\cf1\insrsid335287 )'; see 2,3 value note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,1,10\tab [Exon 249b1]
\par \tab TREWIRGIE. This was a settlement in Probus Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in 'Tybesta' Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab MERLESWEIN [* THE SHERIFF *]. See 5,1,1 Merleswein note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab VALUE. Exon has 'This pays (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 reddit}{\cf1\insrsid335287 )'; see 2,3 value note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,1,11\tab [Exon 255a1]
\par \tab ALVERTON. This place, now surrounded by the growth of Penzance, was formerly a settlement in Madron Ancient Parish, which included the chapelries of Morvah and Penzance St M
ary. It appears to have lain in 'Connerton' Hundred in 1086. It was probably named after the 1066 holder Alward.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab ALWARD <OF TREGARDOCK>. See 5,16 Alward note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,1,12\tab [Exon 255a2]
\par \tab TEHIDY. This was a settlement in Illogan Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in 'Connerton' Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab ORDWULF <OF ALWINGTON>. See 5,1,9 Ordwulf note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab VALUE NOW \'a320. Exon has 'It pays (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 reddit}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ) \'a320 a year'; see 2,3 value note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,1,13\tab [Exon 264a1]
\par \tab RILLATON. This was a settlement in Linkinhorne Ancient Parish and was the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 caput }{\cf1\insrsid335287 
of a hundred. It is odd, therefore, that it is not entered in Exon at the head of the first group of places in Rillaton Hundred (on 243a1, where the entry corresponding to 5,6,8 is written). In every other case where the count himself held
 a place that named a hundred (Fawton, Stratton, 'Tybesta') that place is listed at the head of the account of that hundred in Exon. Moreover, the main scribe of Great Domesday extracted the count's lordship lands systematically from the 4 \'bd
 quires of Exon
 in the order in which they appeared there (and, incidentally, as the quires are now numbered) except in the case of this one entry: one would have expected the scribe to have placed it before Launceston (5,1,22, which is in Exon at 264b1); compare 5,2,30
 Trecan note. It might be that he extracted Rillaton 'out of order' and placed it at the start of the count's lands in Rillaton Hundred because of its importance as }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 caput }{\cf1\insrsid335287 
of that hundred, despite its not being the first place to be recorded in it.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab BRICTMER <OF RILLATON>. See 5,1,8 Brictmer note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab TAX FOR 1 HIDE \'85 [!1! \'bd HIDE \'85 \'bd HIDE !1!]. Here it would seem that the manor paid tax on the full amount of land; see 1,2 hides note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab VILLAGERS \'85 8 PLOUGHS [!1! AND \'bd HIDE !1!]. The Exon scribe omitted the word }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 uill}{\cf1\insrsid335287 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 ani}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
] before their land and ploughs, continuing straight on after the count's lordship land and ploughs. He also omitted the number of cattle.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 MARK OF SILVER. See 5,1,5 marks note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab [***] CATTLE. The Exon scribe did not include, or leave a space for, the number; compare 5,1,13 villagers note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,1,14\tab [Exon 261b1]
\par \tab LANDINNER. This was a settlement in Altarnun Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Rillaton Hundred in 1086 according to the order of Exon, though it was later in Stratto
n Hundred. Altarnun parish was divided between hundreds however, and Landinner lay on the border.
\par \tab \tab In Domesday Devon (DEV 1,25) the entry for the royal manor of Lifton says: 'Two lands, Landinner (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Lanliner}{\cf1\insrsid335287 )}{\insrsid335287  }{\cf1\insrsid335287 and Trebeigh (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Trebichen}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 ), belonged to this manor before 1066. The Count of Mortain holds them'. Both manors lay in Cornwall, but the dependency on Lifton dated from at least the time of King Alfred for in his will (Sawyer, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 
Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , no. 1507) he granted to his younger son Lifton 'and the lands that are administered by it, namely all that I have among the [West] Welsh [in Cornwall], except }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Triconscire }{
\cf1\insrsid335287 [Trigg]'. Alfred had left lands at Stratton in Trigg (i.e. 'Triconshire') to his elder son. These two manors were probably among Lifton's dependencies; see Hoskins and Finberg, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Devonshire Studies}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 24; }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Early Charters of Devon and Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 17 no. 16; Hooke,}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  Charter Bounds of Devon and Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  }{
\cf1\insrsid335287 p. 17; and \{Introduction: History\}. For Trebeigh, see 5,1,20 Trebeigh note. Landinner may have remained royal land until the time of Edward the Confessor as the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 T.R.E.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 holder was his queen, Edith, as she was at Lifton itself.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab Altarnun itself is not mentioned in Domesday, but was probably silently included in this estate. There may well have been a church there in 1086 or soon after although }{\insrsid335287 
it seems probable that the grant of the church of Altarnun by William of Mortain to the Abbey of Cluny, confirmed by Henry I between 1100 and 1122 (}{\i\insrsid335287 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\insrsid335287 , ii. p. 180 no. 1367) is a forgery.

\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab In Exon this entry and the first two lines of the next entry (= 5,2,29) are a later insertion by one of the three chief scribes of the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Liber Exoniensis}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 (who also wrote 255a-258b, a group of places in 'Connerton' Hundred and some of those in Stratton and
 Rillaton Hundreds). This insertion was written over the erasure of an original entry and part-entry done by one of the unidentified scribes who wrote here on 259a-262a2 (first part of it). The original entry was five lines long whereas the replacement wa
s only four lines, the fifth being left blank, though parts of the original can be made out.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab TAX FOR 1 FURLONG. Great Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 ferling}{\cf1\insrsid335287  (Exon }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 fert}{\cf1\insrsid335287 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 inus}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ] here, also }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 
ferlinus}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 ferdinus}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ) come from Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 feorthling}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 feording}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , Middle English }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 
ferling}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 farthing}{\cf1\insrsid335287  ('a fourth', 'a quarter'). 'Ferling' appears in the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Oxford English Dictionary}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 (though now only in historical use and with a reference to farthing), but JRM decided to translate it as 'furlong', like the furlong or 'furrow-length' (Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 quarentena}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ; Exon }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 
quadragenaria}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ) which is a quarter of a virgate. He thus used 'furlong' both for a linear as well as an areal measure. However, whereas the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 quarentena}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 was only used in Domesday as a measurement of woodland, pasture etc., the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 ferling}{\cf1\insrsid335287  was a fiscal measu
re, appearing almost without exception in the tax assessment and in the record of lordship and villagers' land (see DEV 47,6 underwood note). The fact that it mainly occurs in Somerset, Devon and Cornwall (and not in Dorset and Wiltshire) may be connected
 to the fact that these three counties were described separately from the other two; see \{Introduction: the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Liber Exoniensis}{\cf1\insrsid335287  (Exon)\}
. It may, however, have something to do with the small size of the holdings in them. On the size of this 'furlong', see DEV 1,4 lordship note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,1,15\tab [Exon 261b4]
\par \tab [SOUTH] HILL?. This was an Ancient Parish.}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\cf1\insrsid335287 In the order of Exon it appears to be included in Rillaton Hundred. It is}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  Hela}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 in Great Domesday and Exon. Early spellings of South Hill }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 (Southull(e)}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\cf1\insrsid335287 1175, 1270 etc.) seem to cast doubt on the identification proposed by }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 
Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid335287  and it was left unidentified as }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Hela}{\cf1\insrsid335287  in the Phillimore printed translation, but South Hill was adopted by Maxwell, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Settlements of Cornwall}
{\cf1\insrsid335287 , and tentatively as such in the Alecto edition; see \{Introduction: The Identification of Places\}.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab AELM. The Domesday form }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Ailm}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , which only occurs here in Domesday Book, is included by von Feilitzen, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 184, under Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 \'c6thelhelm}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , explaining the reduced Domesday form in \'a7 62. Where there is not a medial }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 -d-}{\cf1\insrsid335287  or }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 -g-}{\cf1\insrsid335287  in the form, JRM did not include such Domesday forms under his Aethel- names. In the Phillimore printed edition it was wrongly given as Aelmer, rather than Aelm. The Alecto edition has \'c6thelhelm.}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,1,16\tab [Exon 261b5]
\par \tab TREWANTA. This was a settlement in Lewannick Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Rillaton Hundred in 1086.The estate seems to have been taken from Tavistock Abbey (3,7 Boyton note).}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,1,17\tab [Exon 262a1]
\par \tab ILLAND?. The forms in Great Domesday and Exon are }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Heli}{\cf1\insrsid335287  here and }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Elent}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 in 3,7. If correctly identified, it was a settlement in North Hill Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Rillaton Hundred in 1086. The estate s
eems to have been taken from Tavistock Abbey (3,7 Boyton note). For the identity, see Finberg, 'A Domesday Identification', p. 95; Finberg, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Tavistock Abbey}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 5.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab [* ABBOT *] SIHTRIC. Abbot Sihtric (of Tavistock) was the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 T.R.E.}{\cf1\insrsid335287  holder of 5,1,16 according
 to Exon and he was claiming Illand? as alienated abbey property. He also held 5,1,7. This would be the only occurrence of a plain Sihtric in Domesday Cornwall and Domesday Devon. In Exon a holder's title was often omitted in subsequent entries.}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab VALUE NOW 5s. The main scribe of Great Domesday originally wrote }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 .ii. sol'}{\cf1\insrsid335287  and then corrected it, probably at once, to }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 .v. sol'}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 by joining the two minims together. The figure is clear in Exon, but there are several figures }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 .ii.}{\insrsid335287  in the line above there, which the Domesday scribe may have inadvertently copied initially.}{\insrsid335287 

\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,1,18\tab [Exon 262a2]}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab PATRIEDA. This was a settlement in Linkinhorne Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Rillaton Hundred in 1086.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab HOWEVER. The main Great Domesday scribe interlined }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 tamen}{\cf1\insrsid335287  
in the hidage statement. It is not in Exon because there the hidage statement precedes the tax assessment, so there is no need for it. In reversing the order, the Great Domesday scribe regularly (but not always) included 'however'. Compare 5,1,19 hide not
e and 5,1,22 Launceston note.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,1,19\tab [Exon 262a3]}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab TREVILLA?. This lay in St Juliot Ancient Parish. It was identified as Trevell (SX2581) by }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 and tentatively followed in the Phillimore printed translation. The order of Exon places }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Treuilla}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 in a group of Rillaton Hundred places in 1086. Padel (personal comment) prefers Trevilla on the grounds of the Domesday form }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Trewille}{\cf1\insrsid335287  (Exon }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Treuilla}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
) and this was the identification used in the Alecto edition. Trevilla, however, lay in Stratton Hundred and not near the border with Rillaton Hundred. On this problem, see \{Introduction: Hundreds\}.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \'bd HIDE. The main scribe of Great Domesday wrote the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 dimid'}{\cf1\insrsid335287  (' \'bd ') over an erasure, possibly of }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 una}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
. By reversing the order of the hidage and tax assessment from Exon, it would have been easy to write the wrong figure: the tax has the figure 'i' in it here. Compare 5,1,18 however note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,1,20\tab [Exon 262a4]
\par \tab TREBEIGH. This was a settlement in St Ive Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Rillaton Hundred in 1086.
\par \tab \tab Trebeigh like Landinner (5,1,14) had probably been among the lands of King Alfred 'among the [West] Welsh' administered from the Devon manor of Lifton (DEV 1,25) and given by him to his younger son; see 5,1,14 Landinner note. In 1086 it was
 claimed by the Abbot of Tavistock (3,7).}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab VALUE. Exon has 'It pays (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 reddit}{\cf1\insrsid335287 )'; see 2,3 value note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,1,21\tab [Exon 262a5]
\par \tab HENNETT?. The Great Domesday form is }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Hesland}{\cf1\insrsid335287  (Exon }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 heslant}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ). If correctly identified, it lay in St Juliot Ancient Parish in Stratto
n Hundred, but the identification is not secure. }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 identified the place as Hagland in Fawton Hundred. In Exon it falls at the end of a list of places in Rillaton Hundred. The next entry there (of three lines) was erased, but the one after 
is for Rinsey? (= 5,24,6), which, if correctly identified, lay in Winnianton Hundred. After that (262b2-263b2) there is a series of places in Stratton Hundred, the first of which (Tredwen: 5,24,25) was the last entry done here by the one of the chief scri
bes of the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Liber Exoniensis}{\cf1\insrsid335287  before one of the unidentified scribes took over.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,1,22\tab [Exon 264b1]
\par \tab LAUNCESTON. This was the Ancient Parish of Launceston St Mary Magdalene, which included the chapelry of Launceston St Thomas. It appears to have lain in Rillaton Hundred in 1086. The Great Domesday name }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Dunhevet}{
\cf1\insrsid335287  (Exon }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Duneuet}{\cf1\insrsid335287 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\cf1\insrsid335287 was replaced by }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Lanscavetone}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 when the canons of St Stephen's moved south of the River Kensey: 4,2 St Stephen's note.
\par \tab \tab }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Dunhevet}{\cf1\insrsid335287  will originally have been part of the ninth-century gr
ant of Lawhitton (2,9) to the Bishop of Sherborne, but had been alienated by 'Earl' Harold, the 1066 holder, or a predecessor. The overlordship of the Bishop of Exeter (eventual successor to the Bishops of Sherborne) was acknowledged by the fact that the 
Count of Mortain obtained }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Dunhevet}{\cf1\insrsid335287  from the bishop in exchange for two Devonshire manors, Haxton and Benton (DEV 2,9-10).
\par \tab \tab In Exon this entry had caused the scribe (one of the three chief scribes of the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Liber Exoniensis}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ) some problems: he had initially omi
tted the plough estimate, the ploughs held by the smallholders and the mills with their render. He added the plough estimate in the margin and interlined }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 & isti h}{\cf1\insrsid335287 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 abe}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ]
}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 nt .iiii. carr}{\cf1\insrsid335287 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 ucas}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ] ('and these men have 4 ploughs'). The mills detail was also interlin
ed, but probably by a different scribe; it was preceded by a transposition letter }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 a}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 which corresponded to one in the line below after the sheep. The entry is also unusual in that the tax assessment precedes rather than succeeds the hidage (as in Great Domesday; see 5,1,18 however note).}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid335287 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid335287 \tab 
THE COUNT'S CASTLE. It lay at SX329846 and in 1086 contained the market that the count had taken from the canons of St Stephen's (4,2). For this castle, see Finberg, 'Castle of Cornwall'. Launceston became a borough, and the market and castle would have p
r
ovided a focus for it, though there are no other indications of urbanization there in Domesday. However, there is evidence of a mint both before and after 1086 and Cola (5,3,5 Cola note) and Iovin (5,7 Iovin note) were apparently burgesses here; see Dolle
y, }{\i\insrsid335287 Anglo-Saxon Coins}{\insrsid335287 , p. 146; Carlyon-Britton, 'Cornish Numismatics'; Beresford and Finberg, }{\i\insrsid335287 English Medieval Boroughs}{\insrsid335287 , p. 77; and \{Introduction: Boroughs\}.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid335287 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab VALUE. Exon has 'This pays (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 reddit}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 )'; see 2,3 value note.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,2\tab [HOLDING OF REGINALD [!1! OF VAUTORTES [!1!] UNDER COUNT ROBERT OF MORTAIN]. }{\insrsid335287 
He was a tenant of the Count of Mortain in Cornwall, Devon and Somerset and probably the brother of Hugh of Vautortes. Their place of origin is uncertain. The most obvious candidate on philological and other grounds is Vautorte, in the French d\'e9
partement of Mayenne (arrondissement Mayenne, canton Ern\'e9e), as proposed by Loyd, }{\i\insrsid335287 Some Anglo-Norman Families}{\insrsid335287 , p. 42. An alternative place is Torteval-Quesnay, in the French d\'e9partement of Ca
lvados (arrondissement Bayeux, canton Caumont-l\rquote Event\'e9), suggested by Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid335287 Domesday People}{\insrsid335287 , p. 348. Both Vautorte and Torteval have the same meaning and derive from Latin }{\i\insrsid335287 
vallis torta}{\insrsid335287  and }{\i\insrsid335287 torta vallis}{\insrsid335287  respectively; the changing position of the adjective }{\i\insrsid335287 torta}{\insrsid335287 
 is shown in the variations of his byname in Exon. After William of Mortain, the son of Count Robert, lost the fief, Reginald like other subtenants became a tenant-in-chief, his lands forming the Barony of Trematon (Cornwall); see Sanders, }{
\i\insrsid335287 English Baronies}{\insrsid335287 , p. 90.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\insrsid335287 \tab \tab }{\cf1\insrsid335287 In Exon Reginald is only given the byname 'of Vautortes' (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 de uall&torta}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 de tortaualle}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 
de Valletorta}{\cf1\insrsid335287 : 'twisty/winding valley') in the entries corresponding to 5,2,1;9;11. The hundred changes at the last two of these entries, but it 
also changes at 5,2,8;29;30;33 and one would expect his byname to have been given in these entries in Exon too as the lands of other tenants of the count had intervened. The main scribe of Great Domesday seems to have thought that only one Reginald was in
tended, as he used }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Idem tenet}{\cf1\insrsid335287  ('The same man/He also holds') throughout. Only a study of the descent of all the estates held by Reginald would prove definitely whether the same man held them all.}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,2,1\tab [Exon 235b1]
\par \tab TORWELL?. This place lay in Morval Ancient Parish and is in a group of places in Fawton Hundred in Exon. The Great Domesday form is }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Trewelle}{\cf1\insrsid335287  (Exon }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Trewella}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ). }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid335287  identified the place as Torwell, the Phillimore printed translation as Trewidland? (SX2559). However, it appears th
at Trewidland was a member of the manor of Liskeard and would not be expected to appear independently in Domesday Book. Moreover, the early name-forms do not suit Trewidland. Torwell was adopted by Maxwell, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 
Domesday Settlements of Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , and is a possib
le identification and was accepted with reservations in the Alecto edition. Torwell and Tregarland (5,2,1 Tregarland? note) were probably adjacent to each other and their identifications need to be considered together.
\par \tab \tab In Exon the entry starts 'The count has 1 hide of land which is called Torwell?', rather than the usual 'The count has a manor which is called \'85
', the formula used for the succeeding entries in this subsection. Presumably Torwell was not a manor. The unusual layout was probably the reason for the omission of the hidage by the }{\insrsid335287 main scribe of Great Domesday.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab BRICTMER <OF RILLATON>. See 5,1,8 Brictmer note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab A MANOR CALLED TREGARLAND?. This was a settlement in Morval Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Fawton Hundred in 1086. It does 
not reappear in Domesday as a separate entry either in Reginald's sub-fief or in anyone else's. The entry may imply that Tregarland had been absorbed by Torwell and that this information was included to show that two }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 T.R.E.}{
\cf1\insrsid335287  holdings had become one, the sort of information that is frequently included in the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 (though not in this case). The two estates, if both are correctly identified, are close to one another, as are Trewidland and Tregarland.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,2,2\tab [Exon 235b2]
\par \tab TRELAWNE. This was a settlement in Pelynt Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Fawton Hundred in 1086 .The forms are }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Treuelloien}{\cf1\insrsid335287  in Exon and }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Trewellogen}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 in Great Domesday. A member was Trenderway, also in Pelynt parish: 5,4,5 Trenode note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab VALUE \'85 60s. Exon records 20s for both dates. The preceding line there has }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 .lx.}{\cf1\insrsid335287  for the acres of woodland, so the }{\insrsid335287 main scribe of Great Domesday}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 may have been guilty of 'eye-skip'.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,2,3\tab [Exon 235b3]
\par \tab MUCHLARNICK. This was a settlement in Pelynt Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Fawton Hundred in 1086. }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid335287  identified the place as Lannear.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab EDMER [* ATOR *]. Edmer here and in 5,24,13-14 (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Edmer}{\cf1\insrsid335287 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 us}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ], }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Edmar}{\cf1\insrsid335287 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 us}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 ] in Exon) is probably Edmer Ator, one of the chief predecessors of the Count of Mortain in Somerset and Devon and probably also in six estates in Dorset. On his name, see DEV 15,12 Edmer note.
\par }{\insrsid335287 \tab \tab Edmer Ator was among the wealthiest two dozen magnates in Anglo-Saxon England. He was the predecessor of Count Robert of Mortain in eight coun
ties, named as such in DEV 15,31. So far as is known, only three estates in Somerset (37,5;12. 47,10) and one in Hertfordshire (HRT 19,1) in which Edmer had had an interest were in the hands of other tenants-in-chief in 1086, though the disproportionate n
u
mber of Edmer's in Devon probably means that there are unidentified Edmer Ators in that county. Elsewhere, however, Edmer's status as predecessor to the count aids identification where his byname is omitted, further strengthened by the fact that in five o
f the eight counties there were no Edmers other than the count's predecessor. See also Clarke, }{\i\insrsid335287 English Nobility}{\insrsid335287 , pp. 281-82, whose list omits the Cornish holdings and SOM 37,5;12 and 47,10 (JP).}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 VIRGATE \'85 1 PLOUGH, WHICH IS THERE. Exon specifies 'Reginald \'85 has \'bd furlong and \'bd plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and \'bd plough'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,2,4\tab [Exon 236a1]
\par \tab LEWARNE. This was a settlement in St Neot Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Fawton Hundred in 1086. There is an entry 
for the same place, with virtually identical detail, at 5,2,20. The only differences are that in 5,2,4 a former value is given, and in 5,2,20 there is a slave in addition to the two smallholders. It is possible that there were two separate holdings at the
 
one place, but it is more likely that these are duplicate entries. In favour of the latter is the fact that the holding of 5,2,4 is correctly included in a list of places in Fawton Hundred; the holding of 5,2,20 is, however, embedded in a list of places i
n Rillaton Hundred. It is possible that the Exon scribe at 257b1 (= 5,2,20), who was one of the three chief scribes of the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Liber Exoniensis}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 (another was the scribe who wrote the present entry here), thought that Lewarne had not been entered and put it in as soon as he could, thus producing a duplicate entry.
\par \tab \tab }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , apparently not regarding the two entries as duplicates, identified 5,2,4 as Lancare (in Pelynt parish) and left 5,2,20 unidentified as }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Languer}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 .}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,2,5\tab [Exon 236a2]
\par \tab BRADDOCK. This was an Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Fawton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \'bd HIDE \'85 2 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'Reginald \'85 has \'bd virgate and 1 plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 1 plough'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,2,6\tab [Exon 236a3]
\par \tab RAPHAEL. This was a settlement in Lansallos Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Fawton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \'bd HIDE \'85 2 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'Reginald \'85 has \'bd virgate and 1 plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 1 plough'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,2,7\tab [Exon 236b1]
\par \tab KILLIGORRICK. This was a settlement in Duloe Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Fawton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 ACRE. Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 ager}{\cf1\insrsid335287  here is the form used in Exon here and elsewhere, but the }{\insrsid335287 main scribe of Great Domesday normally changed it to }{\i\insrsid335287 acra}{
\insrsid335287 . He slipped up in this entry, as also in 5,2,8;22. 5,4,2. 5,5,10-12. 5,7,2. 5,17,3. 5,18,1. 5,21,1. In every case it is used in the hidage, never as a measurement of woodland, pasture or meadow, so it is possible that it is linke
d with the larger Cornish acre (see 1,1 acre note). However, the Great Domesday scribe was inconsistent, as he used }{\i\insrsid335287 acra}{\insrsid335287 
 for this fiscal acre as well (e.g., three times in 1,1. 5,2,15. 5,24,9-11). At its first occurrence in 1,1 (Trewarnevas) it is interesting that the Exon scribe of 100a4 initially wrote }{\i\insrsid335287 acra}{\insrsid335287  and then interlined }{
\i\insrsid335287 ager}{\insrsid335287  in correction and thereafter used }{\i\insrsid335287 ager}{\insrsid335287 .
\par \tab \tab }{\cf1\insrsid335287 Exon specifies 'Reginald \'85 has \'bd acre and 2 oxen in a plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land'. No villagers 
are recorded in this entry, almost certainly an error as the slave would not have had any land (but see SOM 21,55 and DEV 1,5 slaves note). The }{\insrsid335287 
main scribe of Great Domesday omitted the 2 oxen, probably in error; see 4,13 plough note. Presumably Reginald w
ould have borrowed oxen from a neighbouring estate to form a plough-team, possibly from Erchenbald's nearby manor of Bodbrane (5,12,1) which had \'bd
 plough and, according to Exon, 2 oxen (which were omitted by the main scribe of Great Domesday). Erchenbald needed 2 oxen to make up a plough-team, so some sharing may have gone on.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,2,8\tab [Exon 245b1]
\par \tab ELLBRIDGE. This was a settlement in Landulph Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Rillaton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 ACRE. On Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 ager}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , see 5,2,7 acre note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,2,9\tab [Exon 251b4]
\par \tab '[LITTLE] LANTYAN'. This place lay in Lanlivery Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in 'Tybesta' Hundred in 1086. }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 identified it as Lancallen, the Phillimore printed translation as (Castle by) Lantyan. The place is now known as Castle, but was formerly 'Little Lantyan'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab ALRIC. On this name-form, see 5,20 Alric note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 VIRGATE OF LAND THERE, HOWEVER. This sentence 
was interlined by scribe B with an insertion mark placed after the plough estimate; see 5,1,4 hides note. He interlined it in the wrong place, though: it should have been written above or next to the tax assessment in the line above, where in fact there w
as more room for it.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab Exon specifies 'Reginald \'85 has \'bd furlong in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,2,10\tab [Exon 252a1]
\par \tab LANHADRON. This was a settlement in St Ewe Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in 'Tybesta' Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 
1 VIRGATE OF LAND THERE, HOWEVER. This sentence was interlined by scribe B; see 5,1,4 hides note. Unusually he wrote a pair of insertion marks, one before this interlineation and a corresponding one in the line below after the tax assessment.
\par \tab \tab Exon specifies 'Reginald \'85 has \'bd furlong and 1 plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,2,11\tab [Exon 256a1]
\par \tab TREMATON. This was a settlement in the Ancient Parish of St Stephens-by-Saltash and it appears to have lain in Rillaton Hundred in 1086. The castle is at SX4158, the modern village at SX3959. There is a probable reference to the market here in 2,6.}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab BRICTMER <OF RILLATON>. See 5,1,8 Brictmer note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 5 HIDES THERE, HOWEVER. This sentence was interlined by scribe B; see 5,1,4 hides note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab CASTLE. Exon has 'Reginald holds this from the count'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,2,12\tab [Exon 256a2]
\par \tab CALSTOCK. This was an Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Rillaton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\insrsid335287 \tab 
ESGER [* THE CRAMPED *]. Exon identifies the Esger who had held the substantial royal manors of Ermington and Blackawton (DEV 1,23-24) as Esger the cramped, and Domesday reveals that both manors had been exchanged for Bampton, held by Walter of Douai in 1
086. Walter had also inherited all the remaining manors of an Esger in Devon and the single manor held }{\i\insrsid335287 T.R.E.}{\insrsid335287 
 by Esger in Somerset, all of them substantial properties. It is therefore probable that all had been held by Esger the cramped in 1066. The one rem
aining holding of an Esger in the south-west, at Calstock in Cornwall, had probably also belonged to the same man. This, too, was a substantial holding - among the top 20% of Cornish manors - and the meddling of the Count of Mortain in Ermington suggests 
another possible connection (JP).}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 2 \'bd HIDES THERE, HOWEVER. This sentence was interlined by scribe B; see 5,1,4 hides note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab LORDSHIP \'85 1 VIRGATE. In Exon the scribe initially wrote }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 uirgis}{\cf1\insrsid335287  (dative/ablative plural) instead of }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 uirgam}{\cf1\insrsid335287  (accusative singular),
 but he attempted to correct it by joining the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 is}{\cf1\insrsid335287  together to make an }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 a}{\cf1\insrsid335287  and putting an abbreviation sign over it (to indicate the omitted }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 m}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 ). Ellis, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Libri Censualis}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , printed }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 uirgis}{\cf1\insrsid335287  but with an abbreviation line over the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 is}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
, which makes no sense.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,2,13\tab [Exon 256a3]}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab PENHAWGER. This was a settlement in Menheniot Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Rillaton Hundred in 1086.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab ALMER. }{\insrsid335287 The Domesday forms of the name-form Almer - }{\i\insrsid335287 Almar}{\insrsid335287 (}{\i\insrsid335287 us}{\insrsid335287 ), }{\i\insrsid335287 Almer}{\insrsid335287 (}{\i\insrsid335287 us}{
\insrsid335287 ), }{\i\insrsid335287 Elmer}{\insrsid335287 (}{\i\insrsid335287 us}{\insrsid335287 ), }{\i\insrsid335287 Elmar}{\insrsid335287 (}{\i\insrsid335287 us}{\insrsid335287 ), }{\i\insrsid335287 Aelmar}{\insrsid335287 (}{\i\insrsid335287 us}{
\insrsid335287 ),}{\i\insrsid335287  Aelmer}{\insrsid335287 (}{\i\insrsid335287 us}{\insrsid335287 )}{\i\insrsid335287 , Aelmaer}{\insrsid335287 (}{\i\insrsid335287 us}{\insrsid335287 ),}{\i\insrsid335287  Almaer}{\insrsid335287 (}{\i\insrsid335287 us}{
\insrsid335287 ),}{\i\insrsid335287  Elmaer}{\insrsid335287 (}{\i\insrsid335287 us}{\insrsid335287 )}{\i\insrsid335287  }{\insrsid335287 - could represent either Old English }{\i\insrsid335287 \'c6lfm\'e6r}{\insrsid335287  or Old English }{
\i\insrsid335287 \'c6thelm\'e6r}{\insrsid335287 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid335287 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid335287 , pp. 147-48, under }{\i\insrsid335287 Al-m\'e6r}{\insrsid335287 , and see also p. 142, under }{
\i\insrsid335287 Al-}{\insrsid335287 . JRM followed von Feilitzen in keeping to the base form, but preferred the second element -mer for Old English }{\i\insrsid335287 -m\'e6r\-}{\insrsid335287  as more of the Domesday forms had }{\i\insrsid335287 -mer}{
\insrsid335287  than }{\i\insrsid335287 -maer}{\insrsid335287 . The Alecto edition has Alm\'e6r for those listed in von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid335287 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid335287 , pp. 147-48, under }{\i\insrsid335287 Al-m
\'e6r}{\insrsid335287 . However, a number of names rendered in the present edition as Almer (generally because under }{\i\insrsid335287 Al-m\'e6r}{\insrsid335287 
 in von Feilitzen) appear in the Phillimore printed translations as Aelmer, whereas JRM apparently intended to reserve that name for those Domesday forms beginning }{\i\insrsid335287 Aeil-}{\insrsid335287 , }{\i\insrsid335287 Ail-}{\insrsid335287 , }{
\i\insrsid335287 Eil-}{\insrsid335287 , }{\i\insrsid335287 Ai-}{\insrsid335287 , which represent Old English }{\i\insrsid335287 \'c6thelm\'e6r}{\insrsid335287 . Some also appear under Old English }{\i\insrsid335287 \'c6thelm\'e6r}{\insrsid335287 
 in von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid335287 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid335287 , pp. 184-85, but their forms lack the }{\i\insrsid335287 -d-}{\insrsid335287  or }{\i\insrsid335287 -g}{\insrsid335287 
- that JRM regarded as a prerequisite for inclusion under Aethelmer.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,2,14\tab [Exon 256b1]
\par \tab MAKER. This was an Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Rillaton Hundred in 1086.
\par \tab \tab In about 705, 5 hides at Maker 'by the Tamar' were given by King Geraint of Cornwall to Sherborne Abbey; see }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Early Charters of Devon and Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 16 no. 72; Hooke,}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 
 Charter Bounds of Devon and Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 15. This may have been forced on him by a successful campaign by King Ini of Wessex (the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle for 710
), or been an attempt to buy off the enemy. The bounds of the estate are not given and its history for the next century is unclear, but it was probably the same land that was granted again together with }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Ros}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 and Kilkhampton (1,5) to Sherborne between 815 and 839 by King Egbert of Wessex; see }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Early Charters of Devon and Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 16 no. 74; Hooke, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Charter Bounds of Devon and Cornwall}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 16; O'Donovan,}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  Charters of Sherborne}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\cf1\insrsid335287 p. xlviii. Kilkhampton was then assessed at 12 hides (7 hides in Domesday) and }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Ros
}{\cf1\insrsid335287  and Maker jointly at 18 hides. }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Ros}{\cf1\insrsid335287  has been identified with Roseland, but the inclusion of its hides with those of Maker suggests a place nearby. Since Cornish }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 ros}{
\cf1\insrsid335287  is a peninsula, it might well refer to the peninsula which terminates at Rame head and represent among other lands the estate of Rame, held in 1086 by Tavistock Abbey (3,3).
\par \tab \tab By the time of Domesday the assessment of Maker was 1 hide, either because of a reduction in assessment or because parts of the estate were in other hands and known by oth
er names. Maker paid tax for 1 virgate in 1086, as did an estate at Maker that had been part of the royal manor of Walkhampton, Devon, in 1066, but which had been removed from it by 1086 (DEV 1,22: 'From Walkhampton has been taken away Maker which paid ta
x for 1 virgate of land before 1066. Land for 10 ploughs. It paid \'a3
6, less 30d, in King's revenue'). It is not certain how old this arrangement was and whether the whole of Maker had once depended on Walkhampton, nor when or in what circumstances the land w
as lost to Sherborne, or to Crediton or to St Germans, the sees that succeeded it (2,6 St German's note). Maker may have been seized from one of these churches, but Sherborne held Plympton until it was exchanged with King Edward the Elder for land in Some
rset: Maker may have been involved in this transaction (DEV 1,17 canons note).
\par \tab It is tempting to conclude that the entries for Maker in Cornwall and Devon refer to the same estate: both paid tax for 1 virgate, both had been held by King Edward and Maker, t
hough said to have been taken from Walkhampton, does not appear elsewhere in Domesday Devon. There is a discrepancy concerning the plough estimate, but that for Cornwall is interlined in Exon , possibly containing an error. The values of the entries look 
discrepant, but the \'a36, less 30d, former value of the Devon entry is probably that of Walkhampton itself, which paid \'a33 by weight in 1086 (DEV 1,19), rather than of Maker, whose 'former' value is 30s in the Cornwall entry and 20s in 1086.
\par \tab \tab 
If there was only one Domesday estate at Maker, it is almost certainly that which was or included Vaultersholme tithing (including Mount Edgecumbe). The name Vaultersholme derives from the Vautortes family of whom Reginald was the holder of Maker here in 
1086. Maker was certainly again considered to be a part of Devon by the end of the thirteenth century and remained as an outlying portion of Roborough Hundred (Devon) until 1844; see DEV 1,20-22 Sutton note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab [!1! KING EDWARD !1!]. Although the main scribe
 of Great Domesday regularly omitted the titles and bynames of tenants when editing Exon, this omission here was probably an accident in view of Edward's importance. In Exon there is a line break between }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Eduuard'}{
\cf1\insrsid335287  and }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Rex}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , the latter occurring immediately before the phrase }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 ea die qua fuit uivus 7 mortuus}{\cf1\insrsid335287  ('on the day on which he was alive and dead'; see \{
Introduction: Extracts to Show Comparison between Exon and Great Domesday Entries\}) and it is possible that the Great Domesday scribe thought the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Rex}{\cf1\insrsid335287  was pa
rt of the following phrase (the next Exon entry, for 5,2,15, reads }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 ea die qua rex E. fuit uivus et mortuus}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
). This piece of additional information was similarly omitted by mistake in the 'Exon. Extra Information and Discrepancies with DB' in the Phillimore printed translation.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 HIDE \'85 3 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'R[eginald] has 1 virgate in lordship and the villagers have 3 virgates and 3 ploughs'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,2,15\tab [Exon 256b2]
\par \tab TREDINNICK?. This was a settlement in the Ancient Parish of Landrake with St Erney and it appears to have lain in Rillaton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 VIRGATE \'85 1 PLOUGH, WHICH IS THERE. Exon specifies 'R[eginald] has 2 furlongs and 1 plough in lordship and the villagers [have] 2 furlongs'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,2,16\tab [Exon 256b3]
\par \tab TREGANTLE. This was a settlement in Antony Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Rillaton Hundred in 1086. It will have encompassed Higher Tregantle and Lower Tregantle.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab BRICTMER <OF RILLATON>. See 5,1,8 Brictmer note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab TAX FOR 1 VIRGATE \'85 2 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon has 'Reginald has 2 furlongs in lordship \'85
 and 1 plough and the villagers [have] 1 plough'. There is no mention of any villagers' land, possibly in error as the Exon scribe briefly omitted the statement that Reginald held from the count and then wrote it between the
 lordship land and plough and this may have confused him. Villagers' land would also seem to have been omitted in the Exon entries corresponding to 5,2,19;24;26-27. 5,3,19. 5,4,2;18. 5,18,1. 5,23,5; and see 1,7 smallholders note, 4,6 plough note and 4,10 
hides note. The hidage is also not given. See 1,2 hides note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,2,17\tab [Exon 257a1]
\par \tab HALTON. This was a settlement in St Dominick Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Rillaton Hundred in 1086.
\par \tab \tab Between 710 and 722 King Ini of Wessex granted 20 hides between the Tamar and the Lynher to Glastonbury Abbey: }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Early Charters of Devon and Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 16 no. 73. Hoskins and Finberg (}{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Devonshire Studies}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 60) give reasons for thinking that this estate ma
y have been centred on a church or monastic cell dedicated to St Dominic, of which both the Ancient Parish and the present parish preserve the name. If so, Halton and Ashton (5,2,27) may be remnants of these 20 hides. It is unlikely that the estate was lo
ng in the hands of Glastonbury, for Ini's incursion into Cornwall led to no permanent establishment of Saxon rule there: the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle for 710 merely records that Ini fought against King Geraint.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 HIDE \'85 4 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'R[eginald] has 1 virgate and 1 plough in lordship and the villagers [have] 3 virgates and 3 ploughs'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,2,18\tab [Exon 257a2]
\par \tab PILLATON. This was an Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Rillaton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab MERLESWEIN [* THE SHERIFF *]. See 5,1,1 Merleswein note. Exon has }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Merlatona}{\cf1\insrsid335287  in error; see von Feiltzen, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 326.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \'bd HIDE \'85 3 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'R[eginald] has 1 virgate and 1 plough in lordship and the villagers have 1 virgate and 2 ploughs'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,2,19\tab [Exon 257a3]
\par \tab TREMEER?. This was a settlement in St Ive Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Rillaton Hundred in 1086. The identification is not certain. }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 identified it as Tremoan (SX3965) and this was tentatively accepted in the Phillimore printed translation. 'Tremear' in St Ive was suggested as a possibility and was accepted by Maxwell, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Settlements of Cornwall}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 , and given the grid reference SX295680. This appears to be the same place that is Tremeer (at SX299689) on modern maps, and seems to be a more likely development of the Great Domesday and Exon form }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Tremor}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 . It falls among a large group of places in Rillaton Hundred in the order of Exon, but is followed immediately by the duplicate Lewarne entry (5,2,4 Lewarne note).}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab BRICTMER <OF RILLATON>. See 5,1,8 Brictmer note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 VIRGATE \'85 1 PLOUGH THERE. Exon specifies 'R[eginald] has 2 furlongs and 4 oxen in lordship and the villagers have 2 oxen'. There is no mention of any villagers' land; compare 5,2,16 ploug
hs note. There were normally reckoned to be 8 oxen to a plough-team, but there is evidence for smaller teams in the south-west; see Lennard, 'Domesday Plough-Teams'; Finberg, 'Domesday Plough-Team'; Lennard, 'Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 caruca}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 '. In Herefordshire there is evi
dence that, at least on the king's lordship land, a plough-team of 6 oxen was the norm; see HEF 1,50 oxen note. For Cornwall, as for Devon, Exon regularly provides the number of oxen held by the lord and the villagers, which the main scribe of Great Domes
day added together to form the 'plough(s) there', as he did here. Although he often seems to have discounted odd oxen (4,13 plough note) and frequently rounded up or down an odd number of oxen to ' \'bd
 plough' or '1 plough', there are several cases, including
 here, where no rounding would have been needed if there was a team of 6 oxen; see also 5,2,27. 5,3,14;17;26. 5,4,11-12. 5,5,1;13. 5,7,7. 5,8,1-2;7-8. 5,12,2. 5,13,1. 5,23,1. 5,24,3. For entries where an 8-oxen team is suggested, see 4,27. 5,3,16. 5,4,6. 
5,5,11;14. 5,13,9. 5,14,3-4. 5,20,1-2. 5,24,15. In both these sets of references the information is found in the notes as it comes from Exon. For the Devon evidence, see DEV 3,37 oxen note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab VALUE...5s. This is the reading in the manuscript of Great Domesday, as also in Exon; Farley misprinted }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 .x. solid'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,2,20\tab [Exon 257b1]
\par \tab LEWARN
E. This was a settlement in St Neot Ancient Parish and must have lain in Fawton Hundred in 1086, despite the fact that it is entered in a run of places in Rillaton Hundred in the order of Exon. The entry is a duplicate of 5,2,4: see 5,2,4 Lewarne note.}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,2,21\tab [Exon 257b2]
\par \tab TREHAWKE. This was a settlement in Menheniot Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Rillaton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab BRICTMER <OF RILLATON>. See 5,1,8 Brictmer note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 PLOUGH THERE. 2 SMALLHOLDERS. Exon has a different formula here: 'R[eginald] has 2 smallholders there and between them and the lordship (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 inter eos 7 dominium}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
) they have 1 plough'. Compare 5,2,27 hide note. }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Dominium}{\cf1\insrsid335287  is abbreviated to }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 dmn}{\cf1\insrsid335287  with a line over the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 m}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ; Ellis printed }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 dnm}{\cf1\insrsid335287  with the abbreviation line over the now-misplaced }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 m}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ; the normal abbreviation is }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 dniu}{\cf1\insrsid335287  with lines over both the }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 n}{\cf1\insrsid335287  and }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 u}{\cf1\insrsid335287 .}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,2,22\tab [Exon 257b3]
\par \tab PENPOLL. This was a settlement in Quethiock Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Rillaton Hundred in 1086. The manor contained Leigh (also in Quethiock parish): 5,26,3 Leigh note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab TAX \'85 1 ACRE. On the Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 ager}{\cf1\insrsid335287  in place of the usual }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 acra}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , see 5,2,7 acre note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 3 PLOUGHS \'85 THERE. Exon specifies 'R[eginald] has 1 plough in lordship and the villagers 2 ploughs'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab [!1! 1 ACRE OF LAND THERE. !1!]. Thi
s omission by the main scribe of Great Domesday was almost certainly caused by his policy of reversing the hidage and tax statements when editing Exon; see 5,1,4 hides note and compare 5,5,13 hide note. Exon has 'In it is 1 acre of land and it paid tax fo
r as much'; the Great Domesday scribe must have seen this in order to get the tax assessment of 1 acre of land.. This is the only occurrence in Domesday Cornwall of a manor specifically said to be paying tax on the full hidage; see 1,2 hides note.}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,2,23\tab [Exon 257b4]
\par \tab TREFRIZE?. The Great Domesday form is }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Treverim}{\cf1\insrsid335287  (Exon }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Treuorim}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
). This was a settlement in Linkinhorne Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Rillaton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 VIRGATE \'85 2 \'bd PLOUGHS THERE. Exon has 'The lord (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 dominus}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , rather than }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 R}{\cf1\insrsid335287 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 eginaldus}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
]) has 2 furlongs and \'bd plough in lordship and the villagers as much land and 2 ploughs'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,2,24\tab [Exon 258a1]
\par \tab NEWTON [FERRERS]. This was a settlement in St Mellion Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Rillaton Hundred in 1086
. Another estate at Newton Ferrers was also held by Reginald in 1086 (5,2,28). Both had been held by Aelfric and paid tax for 1 virgate in 1066, but they were not duplicate entries as the other details differ.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \'bd HIDE \'85 2 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'R[eginald] has 1 virgate and 1 plough in lordship and the villagers [have] 1 plough'. There is no mention of any villagers' land; compare 5,2,16 ploughs note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 

\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,2,25\tab [Exon 258a2]
\par \tab APPLEDORE. This was a settlement in St Ive Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Rillaton Hundred in 1086. The name-forms are }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Pedeleford}{\cf1\insrsid335287  in Great Domesday and }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 pedeleforda}{
\cf1\insrsid335287  in Exon.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\insrsid335287 \tab 
CYNESTAN <OF APPLEDORE>. This name occurs four times in Domesday Book, twice as an antecessor of Reginald of Vautortes and twice as an antecessor of Iudhael of Totnes. In each case the two holdings are within a mile or two of each other so it is probable 
t
hat each pair was held by one individual. Whether it was the same individual in both Devon and Cornwall is less certain; but it is perhaps more likely than not given the rarity of the name and the fact that less than 20 miles separate the two pairs of hol
dings (JP).}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 2 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'R[eginald] has 1 plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the other plough'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,2,26\tab [Exon 258a3]
\par \tab BICTON. This was a settlement in St Ive Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Rillaton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab CYNESTAN. See 5,2,25 Cynestan note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 VIRGATE. Exon has 'Reginald has 2 furlongs'; 'in lordship' was probably omitted in error, as elsewhere. There is no mention of any villagers' land (compare 5,2,16 ploughs note) nor whether there were any ploughs at work.}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,2,27\tab [Exon 258b1]
\par \tab ASHTON. This was a settlement in St Dominick Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Rillaton Hundred in 1086. For a possible connection with Glastonbury Abbey, see 5,2,17 Halton note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \'bd HIDE \'85 \'bd PLOUGH. Exon has 'Reginald has \'bd virgate in lordship and 3 oxen between himself and his smallholders (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 inter eum 7 suos bordarios}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
); compare 5,2,21 plough note. Unless this was half of a 6-oxen plough team (5,2,19 plough note), the }{\insrsid335287 main scribe of Great Domesday rounded up the 3 oxen in Exon to 4 (= \'bd plough). In any case, ox}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
en from neighbouring holdings must have been borrowed to make up a plough team. There is no mention of any villagers' land; compare 5,2,16 ploughs note.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,2,28\tab [Exon 258b2]}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab NEWTON [FERRERS]. This was a settlement in St Mellion Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Rillaton Hundred in 1086. Another estate at Newton Ferrers was also held by Reginal
d in 1086 (5,2,24). Both had been held by Aelfric and paid tax for 1 virgate in 1066, but were different estates.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,2,29\tab [Exon 261b2]}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab LANDREYNE?. This was a settlement in North Hill Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Rillaton Hundred in 1086. The name-forms are }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Landrei}{\cf1\insrsid335287  in Exon and }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Lander
}{\cf1\insrsid335287  in Great Domesday. }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid335287  identified the place as Landrake.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab In Exon the first two lines of this entry were written over the erasure of the first part of an original entry; see 5,1,14 Landinner note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 VIRGATE \'85 1 PLOUGH, WHICH IS THERE. Exon specifies 'R[eginald] has \'bd plough and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and \'bd plough'. It would seem that Reginald's lordship land (and the words }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 in dominio}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , 'in lordship') were a casualty of the erasure and replacement; see 5,2,29 Landreyne? note. The second line of the replacement ends }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Ibi h't' R. dim'}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 and the third line begins }{\i\f720\cf1\insrsid335287 carr' & uill' ali\'e2 t'r\'e2}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , written by the Exon scribe of the original entry.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,2,30\tab [Exon 229a4]
\par \tab TRECAN. This was a settlement in Lanreath Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Fawton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab In detailing the lands that the Count of Mortain held in lordship in 5,1, the }{\insrsid335287 main scribe of Great Domesday seems to have systematically worked through the folios of the 4 \'bd
 Exon quires containing them in the order in which they are now numbered (5,1,13 Rillaton note). He seems to have followed this policy with Reginald's holdings (5,2), except for this entry and the next thre
e (5,2,31-33), which should have been entered as the first entries in 5,2. It is possible that this quire was mislaid briefly and an early check of Exon had found these four holdings, three in Fawton Hundred and one in Winnianton Hundred; see CON 5 arrang
ement note. Discounting subsections of chapter 5 with only one entry, he continued his policy in 5,3. 5,4 (apart from the two omissions). 5,5. 5,6 (apart from the omitted entry). 5,7-5,9. 5,11-5,17. 5,21. 5,23. 5,26.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab WALO <OF TRECAN>. The Domesday forms of this name, used of both }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 T.R.E.}{\cf1\insrsid335287  and 1086 holders - }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Walo}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Wallo}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 , }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Walle}{\cf1\insrsid335287  - represent Old German }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Walo}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Wallo}{\cf1\insrsid335287 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 
Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 409; Forssner, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Continental-Germanic Personal Names}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 242, though he omits the Old German }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Wallo}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 form. The Phillimore printed edition has both Walo and Wallo; these have now been standardized as Walo. The Alecto edition has Walo. This is the only occurrence of this name in Domesday Cornwall; the only other 1066 holder called Walo appears i
n Somerset (SOM 25,18).}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab The two holdings are of modest size and separated by a considerable distance so it is likely that they had been held by different individuals before the Conquest (JP).}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab PASTURE, 10 ACRES. Exon has '5 acres'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,2,31\tab [Exon 229b1]}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab LANGUNNETT. This was a settlement in St Veep Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Fawton Hundred in 1086. See 5,2,30 Trecan note.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,2,32\tab [Exon 229b2]
\par \tab TREVELYAN. This was a settlement in St Veep Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Fawton Hundred in 1086. See 5,2,30 Trecan note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab ALRIC. On this name-form, see 5,20 Alric note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab VALUE \'85 2s. Exon has '3s' for both values. The }{\insrsid335287 main scribe of Great Domesday may have received information to correct Exon, but it is possible that this is a si
mple error: the 2 slaves are recorded in Exon just before the value and the }{\i\insrsid335287 ii}{\insrsid335287  could easily have been repeated by mistake by the Great Domesday scribe when he reversed the order of the values.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,2,33\tab [Exon 225b1]
\par \tab GEAR. This was a settlement in the Ancient Parish of St Martin-in-Meneage and it appears to have lain in Winnianton Hundred in 1086. This is Reginald's only holding in Winnianton Hundred; see 5,2,30 Trecan note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab BRICTMER <OF RILLATON>. See 5,1,8 Brictmer note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,3\tab [HOLDING OF RICHARD [* SON OF TUROLF *] UNDER COUNT ROBERT OF MORTAIN]. He is only identified as the son of Turolf (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 filius Turolfi}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
) in Exon 224b3 (= 5,3,1). Elsewhere in Exon for Cornwall he is plain Richard, although one would expect him to
 have been given his full name when he occurs as a subtenant in a different hundred: in the entries corresponding to 5,3,2;8;18. It is not certain that the main scribe of Great Domesday thought that all the entries for Richard were for the same Richard. A
lthough he did not leave a line's space between any of the entries or use red-lining (see CON 5 arrangement note) he gave Richard's name, rather than writing }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Idem tenet}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 ('the same man/he also holds') several times during this subsection (at 5,3,2;8;22) while at 5,3,5 he put 'Richard also holds \'85
 from the count' and at 5,3,18 'Richard also holds'. Of these the entry at 5,3,8 hints most at his uncertainty because he also included 'from the count' which was normally reserved for the first entry in a subsection.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab It seems to be generally accepted that Richard son of Turolf was the same person as Richard son of Turold; see Sanders, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 English Baronies}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 110;}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  }{
\cf1\insrsid335287 Soulsby, 'Richard Fitz Turold, Lord of Penhallam, Cornwall'; Soulsby, 'Introduction', }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Cornwall Domesday}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 15; Keats-Rohan, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday People}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
, pp. 364-65. The Domesday evidence certainly suggests this: in DEV 30 heading he is Richard son of Turold (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 filius Turoldi}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
), but in 30,1 and in the Devon Landholders' List on folio 100a he is Richard son of Turolf (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 filius Torulf}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ). The evidence from Exon is similarly confusing with }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 filius Torolui}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 , }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 filius Turoldi}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 filius Turaldi}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 filius}{\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Turolfi}{\cf1\insrsid335287  and }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 filius Turol}{\cf1\insrsid335287  all apparently referring to the same person; see DEV 30 Richard note. The charter evidence is in favour of Richard son of Turolf; see Round, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Calendar of Documents, France}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 , nos. 716, 1210; Hull, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Cartulary of St Michael's Mount}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , nos. 1- 3, Appendix II; }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
, ii. no. 680 etc. It is thus more likely that Richard's father was called Turolf and that the forms }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 filius Turoldi}{\cf1\insrsid335287 /}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Turaldi }{\cf1\insrsid335287 
were the result of the incorrect extension of }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Torul'}{\cf1\insrsid335287 /}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Turol'}{\cf1\insrsid335287  at some stage in the Domesday process. The fact that there were more people in Domesday called }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Turoldus}{\cf1\insrsid335287  than }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Turolfus}{\cf1\insrsid335287  probably played a part.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab Nothing, however, seems to have been said about the name represented by the various name-forms. The forms }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Turoldus}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Turaldus}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Turold}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Toroldus}{\cf1\insrsid335287  etc. when given to a 1066 holder represent Old Norse }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Thoraldr}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , Old Swedish }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Thorald}{
\cf1\insrsid335287  (von Feilitzen, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 390), while }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Turolfus}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Torolf}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Turulf}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Turolf}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Torul}{\cf1\insrsid335287  etc. represent Old Norse }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Thorolfr}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , Old Danish/Old Swedish }
{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Thorulf}{\cf1\insrsid335287  for }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 T.R.E.}{\cf1\insrsid335287  holders (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 ibidem}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 396). For 1086 holders the forms }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Turoldus}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Turaldus}{\cf1\insrsid335287  etc. }{\insrsid335287 are a Latinization of the Old Norse }{\i\insrsid335287 Thorvald}{\insrsid335287 , which gave rise to the French names }{\i\insrsid335287 T}{\insrsid335287 (}{\i\insrsid335287 h}{
\insrsid335287 )}{\i\insrsid335287 ouroude}{\insrsid335287 , }{\i\insrsid335287 Troude}{\insrsid335287  etc: Dauzat, }{\i\insrsid335287 Dictionnaire des Noms et Pr\'e9noms de France}{\insrsid335287 ; see also Fellows Jensen, }{\i\insrsid335287 
Scandinavian Personal Names}{\insrsid335287 , pp. 296-300; Reaney, }{\i\insrsid335287 Dictionary of British Surnames}{\insrsid335287 , under Thorold. It is not clear whether the name-forms }{\i\insrsid335287 Turolfus}{\insrsid335287 , }{\i\insrsid335287 
Torolf}{\insrsid335287  etc. were similarly found in Normandy, but it seems likely and for the present edition the 
form Turolf is used in place of the Thorulf in the Phillimore printed edition, as it is in the Alecto edition for DEV L30 and DEV 30,1. It is possible, though unlikely, that Richard's father had a Scandinavian name, as stated by Tengvik, }{
\i\insrsid335287 Old English Bynames}{\insrsid335287 , pp. 201, 202.
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab 
Richard son of Turolf only held land in Cornwall (see also 2,5 and perhaps 2,8) and in Devon, where he held in chief (DEV 30) as well as a subtenant of the Count of Mortain (DEV 15,44) and of Baldwin the sheriff (DEV 16,115). He seems to
 have been the Count of Mortain's steward; see Mason, 'Barons and their Officials in the Later Eleventh Century', p. 246. He was }{\insrsid335287 
also known as Richard of Cornwall. His place of origin is unknown, but, despite the difficulty in identifying his father's name, he was probably a Norman. He founded Tywardreth Priory (Cornwall) as a cell of Saints Serge and Bacchus of Angers }{
\i\insrsid335287 c}{\insrsid335287 . 1088; see Knowles and Hadcock, }{\i\insrsid335287 Medieval Religious Houses}{\insrsid335287 , pp. 57, 79; Oliver, }{\i\insrsid335287 Monasticon Diocesis Exoniensis}{\insrsid335287 , pp. 37, 41). His successor 
was his son William and his lands formed the honour or barony of Cardinham (Cornwall); see Sanders, }{\i\insrsid335287 English Baronies}{\insrsid335287 , p. 110; Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid335287 Domesday People}{\insrsid335287 , p. 364.}{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,3,1\tab [Exon 224b3]}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab COSAWES. This was a settlement in St Gluvias Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Winnianton Hundred in 1086. The identification is due to Henderson, reported in }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 VCH Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
, ii. part 8, p. 103.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab TAX FOR 1 HIDE \'85 [!1! 1 VIRGATE \'85 3 VIRGATES !1!]. Here it would seem that the manor paid tax on the full amount of land; see 1,2 hides note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,3,2\tab [Exon 228a3]
\par \tab POLSCOE. This was a settlement in St Winnow Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Fawton Hundred in 1086. Another portion was held by Andrew (of Vitr\'e9) from the Count of Mortain (5,24,22).}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,3,3\tab [Exon 228b1]
\par \tab TREZANCE. This was a settlement in Cardinham Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Fawton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 2 HIDES THERE. The lordship and villagers' land totals only 1 hide, the same as the taxable amount, not the hidage. This is the only instance of this in Domesday Cornwall; see 1,2 hides note. It is possible that the }{
\insrsid335287 main scribe of Great Domesday had received information to correct Exon. However, in Domesday Somer
set, where the hidage and tax assessment (the latter a smaller amount, as in Cornwall) are recorded a dozen or so times, the lordship and villagers' land totals the same as the tax and not the hidage in SOM 5,4 and SOM 6,15.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,3,4\tab [Exon 228b2]
\par \tab BOSENT. This was a settlement in St Pinnock Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Fawton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 VIRGATE \'85 \'bd PLOUGH THERE. Exon specifies 'R[ichard] has \'bd furlong and \'bd plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,3,5\tab [Exon 228b3]}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 
CARTUTHER. This was a settlement in Menheniot Ancient Parish. Cartuther was later in Rillaton Hundred. It is a border place and included by the order of Exon in Fawton Hundred. The River Seaton was probably the hundredal boundary at this poi
nt in 1086. See 1,7 Bonyalva note and 5,5,10 Trewall? note.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab COLA <OF HELE>. }{\insrsid335287 The Domesday forms of this name -}{\i\insrsid335287  Colo}{\insrsid335287 , }{\i\insrsid335287 Cola}{\insrsid335287 , }{\i\insrsid335287 Cole}{\insrsid335287 
 etc. - probably represent a byname from Old English }{\i\insrsid335287 col}{\insrsid335287  ('coal'), meaning 'the coal-black, swarthy one' etc., rather than representing Old Norse/Old Danish }{\i\insrsid335287 Koli}{\insrsid335287 : von Feilitzen, }{
\i\insrsid335287 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid335287 , pp. 217-18; he suggests other possible alternatives. The Alecto edition has Cola.
\par \tab \tab }{\cf1\insrsid335287 He is possibly to be identified with Cola Rigenson, a burgess of Launceston, belonging to St Stephen's: Keats-Rohan, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday People}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , pp. 174-75.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab }{\insrsid335287 
The name Cola occurs five times in Cornwall, three times in Devon (DEV 3,12 note. 17,35. 24,20), but nowhere else within 100 miles. It is likely that the five Cornish holdings had belonged to one individual in 1066 who survived as a tenant of the Count of
 
Mortain at Hele. Hele was adjacent to Week St Mary, one of the four remaining Cola properties, all of which had devolved upon Richard son of Turolf. The three Devonshire holdings had been acquired by three different tenants-in-chief and may have been held
 by different individuals though the holding at Henscott in north Devon (DEV 3,12) is fairly close to the Cola properties at Week and Hele (JP).}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 \'bd HIDES \'85 4 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'R[ichard] has \'bd virgate and 2 ploughs in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 2 ploughs'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,3,6\tab [Exon 229a1]
\par \tab LANREATH. This was an Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Fawton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab AELFRIC. Exon }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Albric'}{\cf1\insrsid335287  is a variant spelling of Aelfric; see von Feilitzen, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
, p. 177. For another entry by this Exon scribe where he gives an unusual spelling for a }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 T.R.E.}{\cf1\insrsid335287  tenant, see 5,17,4 Trehudreth note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 3 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'R[ichard] has 2 ploughs there and the villagers [have] 1 plough'; 'in lordship' was probably omitted after Richard's ploughs in error, as elsewhere.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,3,7\tab [Exon 229a2]
\par \tab LANSALLOS. This was an Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Fawton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab ALMER. On this name-form, see 5,2,13 Almer note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 2 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'R[ichard] has 1 plough and the villagers [have] 1 plough'; 'in lordship' was probably omitted after Richard's plough in error, as elsewhere.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,3,8\tab [Exon 247a2]
\par \tab TYWARDREATH. This was an Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in 'Tybesta' Hundred in 1086. Richard son of Turolf established a priory here }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 c}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
. 1088. The borough of Fowey probably grew up on its lands; see Knowles and Hadcock, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Medieval Religious Houses}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , pp. 57, 79; Henderson, 'Essays', pp. 29-31; in both of these he appears as Richard Fitz Turold.}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab COLA <OF HELE>. See 5,3,5 Cola note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,3,9\tab [Exon 247a3]
\par \tab BODIGGO. This was a settlement in Luxulyan Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in 'Tybesta' Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 HIDE \'85 7 PLOUGHS; AS MANY THERE. Exon specifies 'Richard \'85 has 1 virgate and 2 ploughs in lordship and the villagers [have] 3 virgates and 5 ploughs'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,3,10\tab [Exon 247b1]
\par \tab BODRUGAN. This was a settlement in Gorran (St Goran) Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in 'Tybesta' Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 HIDE \'85 3 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'Richard \'85 has 1 virgate and 2 ploughs in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 1 plough'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,3,11\tab [Exon 247b2]
\par \tab TUCOYSE. This was a settlement in St Ewe Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in 'Tybesta' Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab TAX FOR 1 VIRGATE \'85 3 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'Richard \'85 has 1 furlong and 2 ploughs in lordship and the villagers [have] 3 furlongs and 1 plough'. He
re it would seem that the manor paid tax on the full amount of land; see 1,2 hides note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,3,12\tab [Exon 247b3]
\par \tab GOVILEY. This was a settlement in Tregoney Ancient Parish, later in Cuby Civil Parish which arose from a chapelry of Tregoney. It appears to have lain in 'Tybesta' Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 HIDE \'85 5 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'Richard \'85 has 1 virgate and 2 ploughs in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 3 ploughs'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,3,13\tab [Exon 248a1]
\par \tab POLSUE. This was a settlement in St Erme Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in 'Tybesta' Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab TAX FOR 1 HIDE \'85 5 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'Richard \'85
 has 1 virgate and 1 plough in lordship and the villagers [have] 3 virgates and 4 ploughs'. Here it would seem that the manor paid tax on the full amount of land; see 1,2 hides note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,3,14\tab [Exon 248a2]
\par \tab GOODERN. This was a settlement in Kea Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in 'Tybesta' Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \'bd HIDE \'85 1 \'bd PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'Richard \'85 has 1 furlong and 1 plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 3 oxen in a plough'. Unless t
he main scribe of Great Domesday rounded up the 3 oxen to \'bd
 plough, the plough-team here was made up of 6 oxen (5,2,19 plough note). In any case the villagers would have needed to borrow oxen from the lord's plough team or from a neighbouring estate to make up a plough-team.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,3,15\tab [Exon 248a3]
\par \tab TREVERBYN. This was a settlement in St Austell Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in 'Tybesta' Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 VIRGATE \'85 1 \'bd PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'Richard \'85 has 1 furlong and \'bd plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 1 plough'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,3,16\tab [Exon 248b1]
\par \tab BURTHY. This was a settlement in St Enoder Ancient Parish. St Enoder was later divided between 'Pyder' Hundred, the successor to Pawton and Rialton (S
t Petroc's) Hundreds, and 'Powder' Hundred, the successor to 'Tybesta' Hundred. Likewise, Burthy was a tithing of both 'Pyder' and 'Powder' Hundreds: Pool, 'Tithings of Cornwall', p. 297. However, this estate is included by Exon in a run of places in 'Tyb
e
sta' Hundred and since it has no apparent connection with the Bishop of Exeter or St Petroc's Church it is unlikely to have been in Pawton Hundred in 1086 nor in Rialton (St Petroc's) Hundred; see 2,4 Pawton note and compare 5,4,12 Arrallas note. See also
 \{Introduction: Hundreds\}.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab AELBERT <OF BURTHY>. The Domesday form }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Ailbriht}{\cf1\insrsid335287  here and }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Ailbric}{\cf1\insrsid335287  in 5,3,17 (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Ailbristi}{\cf1\insrsid335287 [}{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 us}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ] and }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Ailbrici}{\cf1\insrsid335287 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 us}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ] respectively in Exon) represent Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 \'c6thelbeorht}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
: von Feilitzen, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , pp. 182-83. }{\insrsid335287 These forms lack the medial }{\i\insrsid335287 -d- }{\insrsid335287 or }{\i\insrsid335287 -g-}{\insrsid335287 
 which JRM thought was the requisite for including them under Aethelbert (his form of this Old English name), but elsewhere he dealt with names beginning }{\i\insrsid335287 Ail-}{\insrsid335287 , }{\i\insrsid335287 Ael}{\insrsid335287 -, }{
\i\insrsid335287 Aiel- }{\insrsid335287 etc. under the form 'Ael-' (see Aelred, Aeleva, Aelmer etc.), so his policy has been extended for the present edition to cover the name-forms in this entry and in 5,3,17. The}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 Phillimore printed edition has Albert; the Alecto edition has \'c6thelbeorht. As the only other occurrence of an Aelbert holding }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 T.R.E.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 in Domesday is in Cambridgeshire, the Abbot of Ely's steward (CAM 32,37), it is likely that the Aelbert here and in 5,3,17 are the same individual.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab }{\insrsid335287 Pre-Conquest landowners with names sometimes rendered as 'Albert' occur eight times and can
 be identified as four individuals, one of whom was the important post-Conquest landowner Albert of Lorraine (BDF 49,1. MDX 7,1). The Cornish Aelbert }{\cf1\insrsid335287 
had two modest properties which lay within 10 miles of each other, were held from the same tenant-in-chief, and were remote from others held by an Aelbert; they were probably held by one individual (JP).}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab TAX FOR 2 FURLONGS \'85 1 \'bd PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'Richard \'85 has 1 furlong and 1 plough in lordship and the villagers [have] 1 furlong and 4 oxen in a 
plough'. Here it would seem that the manor paid tax on the full amount of land; see 1,2 hides note.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,3,17\tab [Exon 248b2]
\par \tab LANESCOT. This was a settlement in Tywardreath Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in 'Tybesta' Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab AELBERT <OF BURTHY>. See 5,3,16 Aelbert note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab TAX FOR 1 FURLONG \'85 2 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'Richard \'85 has \'bd furlong and 1 plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the other half (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 aliam medietatem}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
) [of the furlong] and 6 oxen in a plough'. Here it would see
m that the manor paid tax on the full amount of land; see 1,2 hides note. Unless the plough-team here was made up of 6 oxen (5,2,19 plough note), the main scribe of Great Domesday rounded up the 6 oxen to 8 oxen to make his second plough; if so, the villa
gers would have needed to borrow 2 oxen from the lord's plough or from a neighbouring estate.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,3,18\tab [Exon 259a1]
\par \tab WEEK [ST MARY]. This was an Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086. The affix distinguishes this }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Wich}{\cf1\insrsid335287  (Great Domesday form; the Exon }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Wihc}{
\cf1\insrsid335287  is misspelt) from Pancrasweek and Germansweek not far away in Devon.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab COLA <OF HELE>. See 5,3,5 Cola note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 HIDE \'85 3 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'R[ichard] has 1 virgate and 1 \'bd ploughs in lordship and the villagers have the rest of the land and 1 \'bd ploughs'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 6 VILLAGERS. The Exon scribe here wrote }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 .iii.}{\cf1\insrsid335287  and then corrected it to }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 .vi.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 by joining the two minims together and extending the second one downwards. Ellis misprinted it as }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 .iii.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 . See 5,3,18 pigs note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 8 PIGS. The Exon scribe here wrote }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 .iiii.}{\cf1\insrsid335287  and then added a further minim at the beginning and joined it to the first minim to make }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 .viii.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
; this was correctly printed in Ellis. See 5,3,18 villagers note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,3,19\tab [Exon 259a2]
\par \tab PENHALLYM. This was a settlement in Jacobstow Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\insrsid335287 \tab ERNEIS <OF PENHALLYM}{\b\insrsid335287 >}{\insrsid335287 . The Domesday forms of this name - }{\i\insrsid335287 Erneis}{\insrsid335287 (}{\i\insrsid335287 us}{\insrsid335287 ), }{\i\insrsid335287 Ernegis}{\insrsid335287  -}{
\i\insrsid335287  }{\insrsid335287 represent Old German }{\i\insrsid335287 Arn}{\insrsid335287 (}{\i\insrsid335287 e}{\insrsid335287 )}{\i\insrsid335287 gis}{\insrsid335287 ,}{\i\insrsid335287  }{\insrsid335287 Old French }{\i\insrsid335287 Erne\'efs}{
\insrsid335287 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid335287 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid335287 , p. 248; Forssner, }{\i\insrsid335287 Continental-Germanic Personal Names in England}{\insrsid335287 
, pp. 82-83. In the Phillimore printed translation for YKS 6N118 the form Ernegis appears; elsewhere it has Erneis. The Alecto edition has Erneis, except for YKS 6N118, where it has Ernegis.
\par \tab \tab Although the name Erneis occurs fairly frequently in Domesday Book, the number of individuals who held the name was probably only four, the Cornish Erneis being the only 1066 holder with that name and almost cert
ainly unrelated to any of the others, all of whom were more than 100 miles distant (JP).}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 \'bd HIDES \'85 6 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'R[ichard] has 1 virgate and 2 ploughs in lordship and the villagers [have] 4 ploughs'. There is no mention of any villagers' land, perhaps by mistake; see 5,2,16 ploughs note.}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,3,20\tab [Exon 259a3]
\par \tab DOWNINNEY. This was a settlement in Treneglos Ancient Parish, later in the Civil Parish of Warbstow which developed from a chapelry of Treneglos. It appears to have lain in St
ratton Hundred in 1086. For a possible connection with Tavistock Abbey, see CON 3 Tavistock note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab MERLESWEIN [* THE SHERIFF *]. See 5,1,1 Merleswein note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 2 HIDES \'85 10 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'R[ichard] has 1 virgate and 3 ploughs in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 7 ploughs'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,3,21\tab [Exon 259b1]
\par \tab OTTERHAM. This was an Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 HIDE \'85 4 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'R[ichard] has 1 virgate and 1 plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 3 ploughs'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab PASTURE. Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 pasturae}{\cf1\insrsid335287  here is either genitive singular or nominative plural, neither of which is usual in this phrase in Great Domesday. It is more likely to be an error for }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 pastura}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , which the main scribe of Great Domesday used regularly when two dimensions were given. This error (assuming it is one) was almost certainly caused by the wording i
n the corresponding Exon entry, where the scribe wrote }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 i leugam pascuae}{\cf1\insrsid335287  ('1 league of pasture') with }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 in longitudine & in latitudine}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 ('in length and width') interlined. The Great Domesday scribe would have copied the genitive singular (while converting }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 pascuae}{\cf1\insrsid335287  to }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 pasturae}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
) before he noticed the interlineation; he almost always changed }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 in longitudine}{\cf1\insrsid335287  and }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 in latitudine}{\cf1\insrsid335287  (which require a genitive for the associated noun) to the adjectives 
}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 longa}{\cf1\insrsid335287  and }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 lata}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , which require the nominative.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,3,22\tab [Exon 259b2]
\par \tab HAMATETHY. This was a settlement in St Breward Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab ALRIC. On this name-form, see 5,20 Alric note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 HIDE \'85 4 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'Ric[hard] has 1 virgate and 2 ploughs in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 2 ploughs'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab VALUE \'85 30s. The figure }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 .xxx.}{\cf1\insrsid335287  is squashed in the manuscript of Great Domesday, as it is written over the erasure of a shorter figure. The main scribe of Great Domesday interlined }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 ta}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , the last two letters of }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 triginta}{\cf1\insrsid335287  ('30') in clarification; compare 1,6 land note. He might have written }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 .xl.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 originally because in Exon the values are reversed, the 'former' value coming second (so a mistake would be understandable), or he could have inadvertently copied the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 .ii.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 from the woodland acres, written in the line above the present value in Exon.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,3,23\tab [Exon 259b3]
\par \tab COLQUITE. This was a settlement in St Mabyn Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab COLA <OF HELE>. See 5,3,5 Cola note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 \'bd HIDES \'85 3 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'R[ichard] has 1 virgate and 2 ploughs and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 1 plough'; 'in lordship' was probably omitted in error after Richard's ploughs, as e
lsewhere.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,3,24\tab [Exon 260a1]
\par \tab TREVISQUITE. This was a settlement in St Mabyn Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab MERLESWEIN [* THE SHERIFF *]. See 5,1,1 Merleswein note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 2 HIDES \'85 6 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'R[ichard] has 1 virgate and 3 ploughs in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 3 ploughs'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,3,25\tab [Exon 260a2]
\par \tab TRETHEVY. This was a settlement in St Mabyn Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \'bd FUR
LONG OF LAND. This was written over erasure by the main scribe of Great Domesday. He had jotted down in the central margin and also in the inner margin what he wanted to insert when the surface of the parchment had been re-prepared for writing after the r
emoval by scraping of the original text. After the insertion he erased the word(s) in the central margin, but left }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 dim'}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 in the inner margin. Farley printed this, but it was 'blocked out' in the production of the Ordnance Survey facsimile. It appears in the Alecto facsimile. Compare 5,3,26 hide note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,3,26\tab [Exon 260a3]
\par \tab LANDULPH. This was an Ancient Parish. For t
he identification, see Adams, 'Landelech in Domesday', pp. 196-98. If correctly identified, the estate will have lain in Rillaton Hundred in 1086. In the order of Exon, which is the same as that of Great Domesday at this point, it comes at the end of a lo
ng run of places in Stratton Hundred and is followed by two holdings in 'Connerton' Hundred.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \'bd HIDE \'85 1 PLOUGH THERE. The main scribe of Great Domesday wrote }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 dimid' hida}{\cf1\insrsid335287  ('\'bd hide') over erasure. He had jotted down in the central margin what he would inser
t when the surface of the parchment had been re-prepared for writing after the removal by scraping of the original text. He then erased the word(s) when he had inserted them; see 5,3,25 furlong note.
\par \tab \tab Exon specifies 'R[ichard] has \'bd virgate and 6 oxen and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and \'bd
 plough'; 'in lordship' was probably omitted in error after Richard's oxen, as elsewhere. Unless the main scribe of Great Domesday rounded down the 6 oxen to 4 to make 1 plough with the \'bd plough in lordship, 
he should either have written '1 plough and 2 oxen there' (assuming 8 oxen to a plough) or '1 \'bd ploughs' if a 6-oxen team worked the land. See 4,13 plough note and 5,2,19 plough note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,3,27\tab [Exon 260a4]
\par \tab LUDGVAN. This was an Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in 'Connerton' Hundred in 1086. After 1086, this land was granted to the Church of St Michael's Mount, which was by then held by the Abbey of Mont-Saint-Michel: 4,1 Truthwall note.}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 3 HIDES \'85 12 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'R[ichard] has 1 virgate and 3 ploughs in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 9 ploughs'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab LAND FOR 15 PLOUGHS OR 30 PLOUGHS. In the corresponding Exon entry after the hidage and tax assessment the scribe wrote as usual '15 ploughs can plough this
 [hide]. Richard holds this [manor]'. These are the last words on 260a. He then began again on the verso of the folio 'In it are 3 hides of land and it paid tax for 1 hide', but this time he put '30 ploughs can plough this [hide]', followed by Richard hol
d
ing from the count. This Exon scribe (so far unidentified) made numerous mistakes during his stint on the count's lands in Cornwall (five in this entry alone and see 5,1,14 Landinner note) and he may have lost his way in his exemplar when he turned over t
he parchment and then miscopied the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 .xv.}{\cf1\insrsid335287  as }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 .xxx.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 in the plough estimate. Since in Domesday Cornwall the actual ploughs at work are regularly many less than the plough estimate (see 1,2 ploughs note), it is impossible to tell whether the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 .xv.}{\cf1\insrsid335287  or the }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 .xxx.}{\cf1\insrsid335287  b
etter fits the 12 ploughs here. It is possible, though, that the Exon scribe was guilty of 'eyeskip' here and that the rest of the details given for Ludgvan actually belong to another estate with the same hidage and tax assessment as it and also held by R
i
chard from the count. If so, this holding is effectively not included in Exon or Great Domesday and most of the details of Ludgvan are also thus unknown. However, the error may have been made at an earlier stage in the Domesday Survey and the Exon scribe 
was merely mechanically copying his source. Scribal error of one sort or another is far more likely than that this is a unique reference to the Cornish technique of ploughing every other year (Soulsby, 'Introduction', }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 
Cornwall Domesday}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 7).}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab The main scribe of Great Domesday did his best with this unsatisfactory entry in Exon by giving both plough estimates. A faint }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 r}{\cf1\insrsid335287  (for }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 require}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 , 'enquire') is visible in the central margin of the manuscript of Great Domesday, but it cannot be seen in the Alecto facsim
ile; it might have been erased when a further check of Exon or its sources failed to resolve the problem. In Domesday Staffordshire there are examples of uncertainty in the plough estimates for some holdings with only very brief details that were added at
 the end of the king's lands there; see STS 1,48;51-53;61;63; see STS 1,48 land note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,3,28\tab [Exon 260b1]
\par \tab KELYNACK. This was a settlement in the Ancient Parish of St Just in Penwith and it appears to have lain in 'Connerton' Hundred in 1086. For the order of Exon}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\cf1\insrsid335287 at this point, see 5,3,27 Ludgvan note.}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 HIDE \'85 5 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'R[ichard] has 1 virgate and 1 plough and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 4 ploughs'; 'in lordship' was probably omitted in error after Richard's plough, as elsewhere.}{
\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 10 SMALLHOLDERS. It is unusual for smallholders to precede villagers; in Exon the villagers}{\insrsid335287  }{\cf1\insrsid335287 come first as usual.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,4\tab 
[HOLDING OF "TURSTIN" [* THE SHERIFF *] UNDER COUNT ROBERT OF MORTAIN]. He is identified in Exon as "Turstin" the sheriff at his first occurrence there (= 5,4,1) and in the entries corresponding to 5,4,3;12. It might be expected that his title would also 
h
ave been given when his lands appeared in a different hundred (and folio) in Exon: at 5,4,2;6;11;18. The main scribe of Great Domesday never wrote "Turstin" the sheriff, but might have suggested that not all the holdings of "Turstin" under the count were 
of the same man by his inclusion at 5,4,2;3;6;11 of '"Turstin" holds \'85
 from the count', the formula normally reserved for the first entry in a fief or subsection; he did not use capitals or red-lining, though. See CON 5 arrangement note. In the Exon entry c
orresponding to 4,22 the holder of Tregenna?, land alienated from St Petroc's Church, is said to be "Turstin" the sheriff and he held under the Count of Mortain. This holding does not appear in his sub-fief here or anywhere else in CON 5.}{\insrsid335287 

\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab "Turstin" seems to have been the sheriff of Cornwall before Hamelin, another of the Count of Mortain's tenants (5,5). He was apparently father of Baldwin son of "Turstin", a benefactor of Tywardreath Priory; see Green, }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 English Sheriffs}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 33; Keats-Rohan, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday People}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 435.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab }{\insrsid335287 It is not clear what name is represented by the Domesday form of this 1086 holder, }{\i\insrsid335287 Turstin}{\insrsid335287 [}{\i\insrsid335287 us}{\insrsid335287 ]. The name is not mentioned in Forssner, 
}{\i\insrsid335287 Continental-Germanic Personal Names in England}{\insrsid335287 . Dauzat, }{\i\insrsid335287 Dictionnaire des Noms et Pr\'e9noms de France}{\insrsid335287 , states that }{\lang1036\langfe2057\langnp1036\insrsid335287 
Tostain, Toustain are the archaic forms of the Norman names }{\i\lang1036\langfe2057\langnp1036\insrsid335287 Totain}{\lang1036\langfe2057\langnp1036\insrsid335287 ,}{\i\lang1036\langfe2057\langnp1036\insrsid335287  Toutain}{
\lang1036\langfe2057\langnp1036\insrsid335287 , deriving from the Nordic baptismal name }{\i\lang1036\langfe2057\langnp1036\insrsid335287 Thor-steinn}{\insrsid335287 . Thorsteinn is the Old Norse form of the Old Danish }{\i\insrsid335287 Thorsten}{
\insrsid335287 , used here for the }{\i\insrsid335287 T.R.E.}{\insrsid335287  holders (called Thurstan in the prin
ted Phillimore edition), but has come into England by a different route, not directly from Scandinavia, but via Normandy, though retaining the medial }{\i\insrsid335287 -r-}{\insrsid335287 
. The printed Phillimore edition has Thurstan, but this has been altered here to "Turstin". The Alecto edition generally has Turstin for the 1086 holders, though Thorsten for STS 12,31.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 5,4,1\tab [Exon 224a3]}{\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 \tab TRELAN. This was a settlement in St Keverne Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Winnianton Hundred in 1086. Another part belonged to the royal
 manor of Winnianton and was held by Doda from the Count of Mortain (1,1).}{\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 \tab TORTWALD. }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 Toisuuald}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287  in Great Domesday, }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 Toiswaldus}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287  in Exon, represents Old English }{
\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 Torhtweald}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 , the }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 i}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287  being a scribal error for }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 r}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 :}{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287  }{
\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 von Feilitzen, }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 ,}{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287  }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
p. 387. This is the only occurrence of this name in Domesday.}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 \tab 1 HIDE \'85 3 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies '"T[urstin]" has the third part of a hide and 1 \'bd ploughs in lordship and the villagers [have] 1 \'bd ploughs and hold the rest of the land'.}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 

\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 5,4,2\tab [Exon 233a3]
\par \tab PENCARROW. This was a settlement in Egloshayle Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 \tab BRICTMER <OF RILLATON>. See 5,1,8 Brictmer note.}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 \tab 1 ACRE. For the use of Latin }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 ager}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287  instead of the usual form }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 acra}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
 in Great Domesday, see 5,2,7 acre note. Exon specifies '"T[urstin]" has \'bd furlong and 3 oxen in lordship', but there is no mention of any villagers' land, probably in error; see 5,2,16 ploughs note. The}{\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
 main scribe of Great Domesday probably omitted the 3 oxen in error, as they are too many for him to 'discount'; see 4,13 plough note. "Turstin" would have needed to borrow oxen from a neighbouring estate to make up a plough-team.}{\cgrid0\insrsid335287 

\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 5,4,3\tab [Exon 234a2]
\par \tab TRENEWEN?. This is }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 Chenowen}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287  in Exon and Great Domesday. If correctly identified, it was a settlement in Lansallos Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Fawton Hundred in 1086.}{
\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 \tab 1 VIRGATE \'85 \'bd PLOUGH THERE. Exon specifies '"Turstin" \'85 has \'bd furlong and \'bd plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land'.}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 5,4,4\tab [Exon 236b2]
\par \tab 'LANTIVET'. This was a settlement in the Ancient Parish of Lanteglos-by-Fowey and it appears to have lain in Fawton Hundred in 1086. One would have expected this entry and the next one (= 5
,4,5) to have been entered after "Turstin"'s other holding in Fawton Hundred in Exon on 234a2 (= 5,4,3); perhaps the details of them were initially mislaid by the Exon scribe, or misplaced in his source.}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 \tab BRICTMER <OF RILLATON>. See 5,1,8 Brictmer note.}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 \tab 12d. Exon has }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 .xii. nummos}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 ; on the use of Latin }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 nummus}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287  for }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 denarius}{
\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 , see 5,1,3 value note.}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 5,4,5\tab [Exon 236b3]
\par \tab TRENODE. It lay in Morval Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Fawton Hundred in 1086. The forms are }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 Treuiunadoi}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287  in Exon and }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 Trewinedoi}{
\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287  in Great Domesday. It was identified as Trenderway (SX2153) in Pelynt parish by }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
 and this was tentatively adopted in the Phillimore printed translation. Padel (personal comment) is inclined to prefer Trenode on the grounds that Trenderw
ay was a member of the manor of Trelawne and would not be expected to appear separately in Domesday, whereas Trenode was an important manor in the Middle Ages and would otherwise be unrepresented in Domesday. The form }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
Trewinedoi}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287  is compatible with others relating to Trenode. For the position of this entry in Exon, see 5,4,4 'Lantivet' note.}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 \tab MERLESWEIN [* THE SHERIFF *]. See 5,1,1 Merleswein note.}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 \tab 1 VIRGATE \'85 1 PLOUGH THERE. Exon specifies '"Turstin" \'85 has \'bd furlong and \'bd plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and \'bd plough'.}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 5,4,6\tab [Exon 238b4]
\par \tab ST JULIOT. This was an Ancient Parish and the estate appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086. The church is marked but not named on recent Ordnance Survey maps. The name survives as that of a parish.}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 \tab 1 VIRGATE \'85 \'bd PLOUGH THERE. Exon specifies '"Turstin" \'85 has \'bd furlong and 2 oxen in a plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 2 oxen in a plough'.}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 5,4,7\tab [Exon 239a1]
\par \tab WILLSWORTHY. This was a settlement in North Tamerton Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 \tab CYNESI <OF WILLSWORTHY>. }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 Chenisi}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287  in Great Domesday corrects }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 Chuusi}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287  (or possibly }{
\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 Chiuisi}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 , as Ellis printed, and as given in von Feilitzen, }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 , p. 221), which was almost certainly }
{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 Chinisi}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287  in the source; the Exon scribe there made a mistake immediately after this. The form }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 Chenesi}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287  represents Old English }{
\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 Cynesige}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 , but JRM preferred the second element -si for Old English -}{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 sige}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
, as it reflected the Domesday spelling. The only other occurrence of this name in Domesday is in SOM 24,35, a predecessor of Walter of Douai; there is nothing to connect the two men.}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 \tab 1 PLOUGH THERE \'85 2 VILLAGERS AND 6 SMALLHOLDERS. Exon allocates the plough to the 2 villagers, separating them deliberately from the smallholde
rs: '"T[urstin]" has 2 villagers who have 1 plough, and 6 smallholders; see 4,4 villagers note.}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 5,4,8\tab [Exon 239a2]
\par \tab TREBARWITH. This place lay in Tintagel Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086. It was identified as Trebarfoote (in Poundstock) by }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
 (SX1899) and adopted (as Trebarfoote) in the Phillimore printed translation. Maxwell, }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 Domesday Settlements of Cornwall}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
, proposed Trebarwith and this is accepted by Padel (personal comment) and was adopted in the Alecto edition; see Pool, 'Tithings of Cornwall', p. 325.}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 \tab 1 HIDE \'85 2 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies '"Turstin" \'85 has 1 furlong and 1 plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 1 plough'.}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 5,4,9\tab [Exon 239a3]
\par \tab MINSTER. This was an Ancient Parish and the settlement appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086. The form is }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 Talcar}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
 in Exon and Great Domesday. The church is marked, but not named, on modern OS maps. The name survives as a parish.}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 5,4,10\tab [Exon 239a4]
\par \tab AMBLE. This was a settlement in St Kew Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 \tab \'bd HIDE \'85 1 PLOUGH THERE. Exon specifies '"Turstin" \'85 has 1 furlong and 1 plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land'.}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 5,4,11\tab [Exon 245a4]
\par \tab CARADON. This was a settlement in Linkinhorne Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Rillaton Hundred in 1086. It is probably Caradon Lyer. For a possible other holding in Caradon, see 1,8 Caradon? note.}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 \tab BRICTFRITH <OF CARADON>}{\cgrid0\insrsid335287 . The Domesday forms of this name - }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid335287 Brihferd}{\cgrid0\insrsid335287 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid335287 Bricfrid}{\cgrid0\insrsid335287 , }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid335287 Bricfert}{\cgrid0\insrsid335287 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid335287 Briford}{\cgrid0\insrsid335287  - represent Old English }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid335287 Beorhtfrith}{\cgrid0\insrsid335287 : }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 von Feilitzen, }{
\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 , p. 194. JRM }{\cgrid0\insrsid335287 preferred the first element Brict- for Old English }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid335287 Beorht- }{\cgrid0\insrsid335287 as it re
flected the Domesday forms. The Phillimore printed edition has both Brictferth and Beorhtfrith; these have been standardized as Brictfrith. The Alecto edition has Beorhtfrith. }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
This is the only occurrence of this name in Domesday Cornwall.}{\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
\par }{\insrsid335287 \tab \tab The name Brictf
rith occurs four times in Domesday Book. The Brictfrith who held almsland in Devon is unlikely to be related to the other three, whose modest holdings, lacking tenurial or any other links to each other, are too widely separated to be plausibly linked. The
y were therefore probably held by different individuals (JP).}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 \tab 1 VIRGATE. Exon specifies '"T[urstin]" has \'bd furlong and 3 [oxen: }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 oues}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287  in error for }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 boues}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
] in lordship and the villagers have the rest of the land and 3 oxen'. Unless 6 oxen formed a plough-tea
m here (5,2,19 plough note), 2 oxen must have been borrowed from a neighbouring estate to make up the usual team of 8 oxen. The omission of the oxen by the }{\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
main scribe of Great Domesday might have been caused by the scribal error in Exon: perhaps he wanted to check and then either did not or forgot to add the result of his check.}{\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 \tab VALUE NOW 10s. Exon has '5s'. This is almost certainly a mistake by the main scribe of Great Domesday, caused by his policy of putting the 'former' value before the 1086 value, t
he reverse of the order in Exon. If he had received information to correct Exon he would surely have put 'Value formerly and now 10s'.}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 5,4,12\tab [Exon 249b2]
\par \tab ARRALLAS. This was a settlement in St Enoder Ancient Parish. St Enoder was late
r divided between 'Pyder' Hundred, the successor to Pawton Hundred and Rialton (St Petroc's) Hundred, and 'Powder' Hundred, the successor to 'Tybesta' Hundred. Arrallas was a tithing of 'Powder' Hundred: Pool, 'Tithings of Cornwall', p. 297. Arrallas prob
ably lay in 'Tybesta' Hundred in 1086 according to the order of Exon. It is unlikely to have been in Pawton Hundred in 1086 for that was apparently held in its entirety by the Bishop of Exeter; see 2,4 Pawton note and compare 5,3,16 Burthy note.}{
\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 \tab BRICTMER <OF RILLATON>. See 5,1,8 Brictmer note.}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 \tab TAX FOR 1 FURLONG. In the manuscript of Great Domesday this is }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 pro uno ferling}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 , followed by Farley. The Ordnance Survey facsimile, however, did not reproduce the }{
\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 o }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 of }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 uno }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 and it is very faint in the Alecto facsimil
e. It was written on the vertical score delimiting the right-hand edge of the left column of folio 123a.}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 \tab \'bd HIDE \'85 \'bd PLOUGH THERE. The main scribe of Great Domesday had written }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 .i. hida}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287  here originally, and this was corrected by scribe B to '\'bd hide': he s
queezed in a }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 d }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 before the}{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287  .i.}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287  covering its }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 punctus}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 , used the figure}{
\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287  i }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 as the letter }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 i}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287  and turned the }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 punctus}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
 after it into a transposition sign before interlining the rest of }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 dimid'}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 .
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab Exon specifies '"T[urstin]" has 1 virgate and 3 oxen in lordship and th
e villagers [have] 1 virgate'. Unless this was a plough-team made up of 6 oxen (5,2,19 plough note), the main scribe of Great Domesday rounded up the 3 oxen to \'bd plough (in which case 5 oxen would have been needed to make up an 8-oxen team).}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 5,4,13\tab [Exon 249b3]}{\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 \tab BODARDLE. This was a settlement in Lostwithiel Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in 'Tybesta' Hundred in 1086.}{\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 \tab 1 HIDE \'85 4 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies '"Turstin" \'85 has 1 virgate in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 4 ploughs'.}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 \tab 1 BULL. This is the only occurrence of a bull in Exon.}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 5,4,14\tab [Exon 250a1]
\par \tab TRELOWTH. This was a settlement in St Mewan Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in 'Tybesta' Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 \tab \'bd HIDE \'85 2 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies '"Turstin" \'85 has 1 furlong and 1 plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 1 plough'.}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 5,4,15\tab [Exon 250a2]
\par \tab TRETHEAKE. This was a settlement in Veryan Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in 'Tybesta' Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 \tab ALRIC. On this name-form, see 5,20 Alric note.}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 \tab 1 HIDE \'85 2 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies '"Turstin" \'85 has \'bd virgate and 1 plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 1 plough'.}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 5,4,16\tab [Exon 250a3]
\par \tab TREWORRICK. This was a settlement in St Ewe Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in 'Tybesta' Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 \tab ALRIC. On this name-form, see 5,20 Alric note.}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 \tab 1 HIDE \'85 1 PLOUGH THERE. Exon specifies '"Turstin" \'85 has \'bd virgate in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 1 plough'.}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 5,4,17\tab [Exon 250b1]
\par \tab EGLOSROOSE. The name-forms are }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 Eglossos}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287  in Exon and }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 Egleshos}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
 in Great Domesday. They are represented by Eglosroose, a settlement in Philleigh Ancient Parish, and they no doubt stood for the latter. Philleigh is the identification in }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
, the Phillimore printed translation and in Maxwell, }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 Domesday Settlements of Cornwall}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 . The difference in identification is not one of substance, but of policy in handling 1086 names.}{
\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab Eglosroose appears to have lain in 'Tybesta' Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 \tab 1 VIRGATE \'85 \'bd PLOUGH THERE. Exon specifies '"Turstin" \'85 has 1 furlong in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and \'bd plough'.}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 5,4,18\tab [Exon 255b1]
\par \tab GURLYN. This was a settlement in St Erth Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in 'Connerton' Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 \tab DODA <OF TRELAN>. See 1,1 Doda note.}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 \tab 1 HIDE \'85 1 PLOUGH THERE. Exon specifies '"T[urstin]" has 1 acre and 1 plough in lordship'. After this the scribe wrote }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 7 uill'}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
 ('and the villagers'), probably intending to give their land holding, but it was obviously missing in his source so he underlined the }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 uill'}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
 for deletion and carried on with the smallholders and slaves. Ellis failed to indicate that }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 uill'}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287  was deleted. On the omission of villagers' land, see 5,2,16 ploughs note.}{
\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 5,4,19\tab [Exon 231b3]
\par \tab THIS ENTRY was initially omitted by the main scribe of Great Domesday, but then found and entered in the next column in the middle of l
ands held by Hamelin from the count. Transposition signs indicate its correct position at the end of subsection 5,4. He should have written it second in this subsection between Trelan in Winnianton Hundred and Pencarrow in Stratton Hundred, if, as seems l
ikely, he was picking out holdings in the order in which they appear in the 4 \'bd
 quires containing the count's lands in Cornwall; see CON 5 arrangement note and 5,1,13 Rillaton note. Trelan, Kilminorth? and Pencarrow all occur in quire 3b (in three different
 hundreds) and the main scribe of Great Domesday then proceeded to remove "Turstin"'s holdings in quire 3c (5,4,3-10), quire 3d (5,4,11), quire 3e (5,4,12-17) and quire 3f (5,4,18). He may have missed this holding because it was among a number of places i
n
 Fawton Hundred that may have been separated at some stage from the main account of that hundred (which began quire 3c; see CON 5 arrangement note). It is perhaps relevant that in the entries in Fawton Hundred in quire 3b there are more than the usual num
b
er of subtenants represented and their holdings are rarely in groups, which obviously made it harder for the Great Domesday scribe to keep track during his editing. This entry may have been found by someone helping the main scribe, possibly scribe B or on
e
 of the other scribes who made small contributions. The main scribe then inserted it at once, after the entry for Trewoon (5,5,17), in the middle of excerpting from quire 3e a group of Hamelin's holdings in 'Tybesta' Hundred. The other holding of "Turstin
" that he had omitted (5,4,20) was not found at the same time as the present one; see 5,4,20 entry note.}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 \tab KILMINORTH?. The Exon form is probably }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 Ciluinauuit}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 ; the second }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 u}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287  was interlined. Ellis read it as }{
\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 Gluinauuit}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 , but the first letters do not resemble the }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 G }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 of this scribe. It is }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 Clunewic}{
\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287  in Great Domesday. This place lay in Talland Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Fawton Hundred in 1086. It was identified as Clinnick (in Braddock) in }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 Domesday Gazetteer}{
\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287  and this was accepted with reservations in 
the Phillimore printed translation, but as a result of information from Mr. W. M. M. Picken, accepted by Padel, this was corrected to Kilminorth (see the Additions and Corrections at the end of the Phillimore Leicestershire volume). Clinnick appears to ha
v
e been a place of no significance in the Middle Ages, whereas Kilminorth was an important manor. However, as Padel points out (personal communication), if Kilminorth is the correct identification, the Great Domesday form is probably corrupt, with a confus
ion of minims made worse by Great Domesday's substitution or misreading of }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 t}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287  for }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 c}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 . A hypothetical form }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
Cilminauuit }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 for example would be a reasonable eleventh-century form for Kilminorth.}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 \tab WINE [* WULFWIN <OF PENHOLE> *]. The forms are }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 Vuine}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287  in Exon, }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 Wine}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287  
in Great Domesday; see 5,24,7 Wulfwin note. According to von Feilitzen, }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 , p. 415, this is Old English }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 Wine}{
\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 , which here is a short form of Old English }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 Wulfwine}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 . This is the only occurrence of this name in Domesday.}{\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 \tab 2 ACRES. Exon specifies '"T[urstin]" has \'bd furlong in lordship and the villagers have (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid335287 h't}{\cgrid0\insrsid335287 , singular,}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid335287  }{\cgrid0\insrsid335287 for }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid335287 h'nt}{\cgrid0\insrsid335287 , plural}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 ) the rest of the land'.}{\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 5,4,20\tab [Exon 264a2]
\par \tab THIS ENTRY was initially omitted by the main scribe of Great Domesday, but then fou
nd and entered in the next column at the end of the account of the land held by Hamelin from the count (it was on the same folio in Exon as this last entry). Its position at the end of subsection 5,4 is indicated by an identical transposition sign to the 
o
ne beside the similarly omitted other entry of "Turstin" (5,4,19 entry note). It should have been written at the end of "Turstin"'s subtenancy after 5,4,18. It was his only holding in quire 3f in Stratton Hundred and Rillaton Hundred which contained place
s
 in twelve subsections of chapter 5, probably the reason why the Great Domesday scribe missed it during his initial excerpting. There is a mark in the outer margin next to this entry, written in a pale ink, resembling a question mark with a line through i
t; its purpose is unknown, but it might be connected to this misplacement.}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 \tab TREBARTHA. This was a settlement in North Hill Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Rillaton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 \tab \'bd HIDE \'85 3 \'bd PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies '"T[urstin" has] \'bd furlong and \'bd plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 3 ploughs'.}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 5,5\tab [HOLDING OF HAMELIN [* OF CORNWALL *] UNDER COUNT ROBERT OF MORTAIN]. He was apparently son of a William and was a sheriff of Cornwall in succession to 
"Turstin" (5,4) under William of Mortain, Count Robert's son, from 1094 until 1106, when William of Mortain forfeited his lands for rebellion. He occurs as Hamelin of Cornwall; see Green, }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 English Sheriffs}{
\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 , p. 33; Keats-Rohan, }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 Domesday People}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 , p. 243.
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab By 
his repeat of Hamelin's name in full and the inclusion of 'from the count' in 5,5,2;9;15;18 the main scribe of Great Domesday might be suggesting that not every Hamelin in 5,5 was the same person; see CON 5 arrangement note. These distinctions occur only 
when the hundred changes, except at 5,5,18 which was the entry after the insertion of the omitted holding of "Turstin" (see 5,5,17 after note), and one would also expect this formula at 5,5,22.
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 \tab \tab However, Hamelin is an uncommon name in Domesday Book, occurr
ing only eight times outside the south-western counties, so the scribe may have 'nodded' on these occasions. The Cornwall and Devon (DEV 15,8;43) references may therefore all be to Hamelin the sheriff (JP).}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 5,5,1\tab [Exon 224b1]
\par \tab 'CRAWLE'. This was a sett
lement in Breage Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Winnianton Hundred in 1086. Hamelin also held an estate at 'Crawle' in 1,1 as a member of the royal manor of Winnnianton. It is not certain that they are the same piece of land: see 1,1 'Crawle' 
note.}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 \tab TAX FOR 1 FURLONG \'85
 2 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'H[amelin] has the third part of a furlong and 7 oxen and 1 cow in lordship and the villagers have the rest of the land and 6 oxen in a plough'. As there no hidage is given for 'Crawle' and the act
ual amount of land held by the 'villagers' is not recorded (5,2,16 ploughs note), it is impossible to tell whether the hidage was 1 furlong as well as the tax assessment. The main scribe of Great Domesday probably rounded up both the 7 oxen and 6 oxen to 
8
 oxen, as two ploughs, one of eight and one of six, would be unusual on one estate; see 5,2,19 plough note. The 'missing' oxen were probably either borrowed from a neighbouring estate or one team at a time was made up from the lordship and villagers' oxen
. For the cow, see 5,5,1 cow note.}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 \tab COW. The Exon scribe had initially omitted the cow and then interlined it, using transposition signs, but in the wrong place: after the oxen in lordship (see 5,5,1 tax note) rather than on the line below in the usual pla
ce for livestock between the inhabitants and the resources (compare 5,17,4 plough note).}{\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 5,5,2\tab [Exon 232a3]
\par \tab MILTON. This was a settlement in Morwenstow Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 \tab 5 HIDES \'85 8 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'H[amelin] has \'bd hide and 3 ploughs in lordship and the villagers have 4 \'bd hides and 5 ploughs'.}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\lang1036\langfe2057\cgrid0\langnp1036\insrsid335287 \tab 14 VILLAGERS. Exon has '13 villagers'.}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,5,3\tab [Exon 232b1]
\par \tab LEE. This was a settlement in Morwenstow Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 3 HIDES \'85 6 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'H[amelin] has \'bd hide and 2 ploughs in lordship and the villagers have the rest of the land and 4 ploughs'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,5,4\tab [Exon 232b2; ?Terrae Occupatae 507b15]
\par \tab BOYTON. This is a fully English name (Boia's }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 tun}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ) like several in this area of important English settlement: see \{Introduction: History\}
. It was regarded both as an Ancient Parish and as a chapelry. In 1086 it appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred.
\par \tab \tab This es
tate was claimed by the Abbot of Tavistock (3,7). It appears to have been removed from the manor of Werrington which in 1086 lay in Devon and was in the king's hands (DEV 1,50), but which had been granted by Countess Gytha to Tavistock Abbey between 1066 
a
nd 1068. The Domesday estate of Werrington included the parishes of North Petherwin and Werrington itself, west of the Tamar, and St Giles in the Heath east of it, and for administrative convenience it was placed in Devon, thus ignoring the natural bounda
ry. Boyton appears to have been removed from its western (formerly Cornish) part. There appear to be several references to its removal though it is never named. The final sentence of DEV 1,50 reads 'The Count of Mortain holds \'bd
 hide of this land which belonged there before 1066'. This was probably Boyton, which the count had presumably restored to Cornwall, which would explain why there is no cross-reference to it under the count's fief in Devon (DEV 15).
\par \tab \tab In the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae}{\cf1\insrsid335287  for Cornwall (508a5) it is stated that \'bd hide has been taken from the king's manor of }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Vluredintone }{\cf1\insrsid335287 
(Werrington, Devon) and is held by the Count of Mortain (see DEV 1,50 count note). This may well be another reference to Boyton. If so, it occurs twice in the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae }{\cf1\insrsid335287 
for Cornwall, being named also in 508a7 among manors taken from Tavistock Church; see 3,7 Boyton note. It appears that Boyton was not part of the Werrington estate when Gytha gave it to Tavistock Abbey. It may already have been detached or have a differen
t history. Abbot Sihtric is said to have purchased it. It was no doubt convenient for him to join it to Werrington; see Finberg, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Tavistock Abbey}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
, pp. 6, 8. Similarly, Panson in St Giles in the Heath and part of the Werrington estate had been acquired separately (in 981) and in 1086 it was alienated from the abbey, though it returned to it later: DEV 35,4 Panson note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \'bd HIDE \'85 2 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'H[amelin] has 1 furlong and 1 plough in lordship and the villagers have the rest of the land and 1 plough'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,5,5\tab [Exon 232b3]
\par \tab MARHAMCHURCH. This was an Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\insrsid335287 \tab BROTHIR <OF HENFORD>. The Domesday forms of this name - }{\i\insrsid335287 Broder}{\insrsid335287 , }{\i\insrsid335287 Brodre}{\insrsid335287 , }{\i\insrsid335287 Brodor}{\insrsid335287 , }{\i\insrsid335287 Brotho}{\insrsid335287 
 - represent Old Danish }{\i\insrsid335287 Brothir}{\insrsid335287 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid335287 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid335287 
, p. 208. The printed Phillimore edition has the forms Broder and Brother; these have now been standardized as Brothir. The Alecto edition has Brothir. }{\cf1\insrsid335287 This is the only occurrence of this name in Domesday Cornwall.}{\insrsid335287 

\par \tab \tab 
The name occurs seven times in Domesday Book and was probably borne by four individuals. The holdings in Devon and Cornwall were reasonably close to each other; this and the rarity of the name makes it more likely than not that they were held by the same 
individual before 1066, despite devolving upon different tenants-in-chief (JP).}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 VIRGATE \'85 1 PLOUGH THERE. Exon specifies 'H[amelin] has \'bd furlong and \'bd plough and the villagers have the rest of the land and \'bd plough'; 'in lordship' was probably omitted in error after Hamelin's \'bd
 plough, as elsewhere.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,5,6\tab [Exon 232b4]
\par \tab [WEEK] ORCHARD. This was a settlement in the Ancient Parish of Week St Mary and it appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \'bd HIDE \'85 2 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'H[amelin] has 1 furlong and 1 plough in lordship and the villagers have the rest of the land and 1 plough'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,5,7\tab [Exon 233a1]
\par \tab WADFAST. This was a settlement in Whitstone Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 HIDE \'85 3 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'H[amelin] has \'bd
 virgate and 2 ploughs and the villagers have the rest of the land and 1 plough'; 'in lordship' was probably omitted in error after the lordship ploughs, as elsewhere.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,5,8\tab [Exon 233a2]}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab THORNE. This was a settlement in Whitstone Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 VIRGATE. Exon specifies 'H[amelin] has 1 furlong in lordship and the villagers have the rest of the land and 2 oxen'. On the omission of the oxen by the }{\insrsid335287 main scri
be of Great Domesday, probably in error, see 4,13 plough note.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,5,9\tab [Exon 234a4]}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab ROSECRADDOC. This was a settlement in St Cleer Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Fawton Hundred in 1086.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 2 HIDES \'85 4 \'bd PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'H[amelin] has 1 virgate and 1 \'bd ploughs in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 3 ploughs'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,5,10\tab [Exon 234b1]
\par \tab TREWALL?. This lay in St Germans Ancient Parish. }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid335287  identified Great Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Trewallen}{\cf1\insrsid335287  (Exon }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Trewallem}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 ) as Trewolland in Menheniot parish (SX2665) and this was adopted in the Phillimore printed translation. Maxwell, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Settlements of Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
, chose Trewolland in South Hill parish (SX3369). }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Trewallen}{\cf1\insrsid335287  lay in Fawton Hu
ndred according to the order of Exon, whereas Trewall lay in Rillaton Hundred, but it is possible that it lay in Fawton Hundred in 1086 and was therefore probably not then in St Germans parish. The 1086 hundredal boundary may have lain to the east of the 
R
iver Seaton; see 1,7 Bonyalva note and 5,3,5 Cartuther note. Trewolland in Menheniot also lay in Rillaton Hundred, but close to the boundary of Fawton Hundred. The other Trewolland (in South Hill) also lay in Rillaton Hundred, but in its middle. However, 
P
adel (personal comment) has pointed out that neither Trewolland had any significance in the medieval period whereas Trewall is a possible derivative of the Domesday form and in the fourteenth century it appears in a group of manors that descended from Ham
elin's holding, held of the manor of Trelowia, the next entry here (5,5,11) and in Exon. The Alecto edition has ?Trewall.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab TAX FOR 1 ACRE \'85 1 PLOUGH THERE. The main scribe of Great Domesday used Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 ager}{\cf1\insrsid335287  here instead of }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 acra}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , his usual word; see 5,2,7 ac
re note.}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\cf1\insrsid335287 Exon specifies 'Hamelin \'85 has \'bd acre and \'bd plough in lordship and the villagers [have] \'bd
 acre and 2 oxen in a plough'. Here it would seem that the manor paid tax on the full amount of land; see 1,2 hides note. Unless the main scribe of Great Domesday had received information to correct Exon, he had rounded up the 2 oxen to \'bd
 plough; see 4,13 plough note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,5,11\tab [Exon 234b2]
\par \tab TRELOWIA. This was a settlement in the Ancient Parish of St Martin by Looe and it appears to have lain in Fawton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 ACRE. For Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 ager}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , see 5,2,7 acre note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \'bd PLOUGH THERE. Exon specifies 'Hamelin \'85 has 4 oxen in a plough there'; 'in lordship' was probably omitted in error, as elsewhere.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,5,12\tab [Exon 234b3]
\par \tab TREGAMELLYN. This was a settlement in Lansallos Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Fawton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab TAX FOR 1 ACRE ... 1 PLOUGH THERE. On the use of Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 ager}{\cf1\insrsid335287  here, see 5,2,7 acre note.}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\cf1\insrsid335287 Exon specifies 'Hamelin \'85 has \'bd
 acre and 1 plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,5,13\tab [Exon 235a1]
\par \tab TRETHAKE. This was a settlement in the Ancient Parish of Lanteglos-by-Fowey and it appears to have lain in Fawton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab [!1! \'bd HIDE THERE !1!] \'85 1 \'bd PLOUGHS TH
ERE. The main scribe of Great Domesday almost certainly omitted the hidage because of his policy of reversing the order of the hidage and tax assessment; see 5,1,4 hides note and compare 5,2,22 acre note.
\par \tab \tab Exon specifies 'Hamelin \'85 has \'bd virgate and 1 plo
ugh in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 3 oxen in a plough'. Unless there were only 6 oxen to a plough-team here (5,2,19 plough note), the main scribe of Great Domesday rounded up the 3 oxen to \'bd
 plough. The villagers would have borrowed oxen either from the lord or from a neighbouring estate to form a plough-team.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,5,14\tab [Exon 235a2]
\par \tab DAWNA. This was a settlement in St Winnow Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Fawton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \'bd PLOUGH THERE. Exon specifies 'Hamelin \'85 has 4 oxen in a plough there'; 'in lordship' was probably omitted in error, as elsewhere.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,5,15\tab [Exon 250b2]
\par \tab PENPELL. This was a settlement in the Ancient Parish of Cornelly (formerly Grogroth) and it appears to have lain in 'Tybesta' Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \'bd HIDE \'85 1 PLOUGH THERE. Exon specifies 'Hamelin \'85 has \'bd virgate and 1 plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,5,16\tab [Exon 250b3]
\par \tab TREMODDRETT. This was a settlement in Roche Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in 'Tybesta' Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 \'bd HIDES \'85 5 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'Hamelin \'85 has 1 virgate and 2 ploughs in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 3 ploughs'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,5,17\tab [Exon 251a1]
\par \tab TREWOON. This was a settlement in St Mewan Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in 'Tybesta' Hundred in 1086. The identification is due to Henderson, reported in }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 VCH Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , ii. part 8, p. 103.}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab BRICTMER <OF RILLATON>. See 5,1,8 Brictmer note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \'bd HIDE \'85 1 \'bd PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'Hamelin \'85 has \'bd virgate and 1 plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and \'bd plough'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab AFTER THIS ENTRY the main scribe of Great Domesday inserted the details of "Turstin"'s holding of Kilminorth? which he had omitted while excerpting his lands from Exon; see 5,4,19 entry note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,5,18\tab [Exon 251a2]
\par \tab TREGAVETHAN. This was a settlement in Kea Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in 'Tybesta' Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \'bd HIDE \'85 1 PLOUGH THERE. Exon specifies 'Hamelin \'85 has 1 furlong and 1 plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,5,19\tab [Exon 251b1]
\par \tab PENVENTINUE. This was a settlement in Tywardreath Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in 'Tybesta' Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 HIDE .. 2 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'Hamelin \'85 has 1 furlong and 1 plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 1 plough'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,5,20\tab [Exon 251b2]
\par \tab TRENANCE. This place lay in St Austell Ancient Parish and in 'Tybesta' Hundred: Henderson, 'Ecclesiastical Antiquities', p. 26. }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 identified the place as Trenant (in Fowey). The Alecto edition, following the Phillimore printed translation, has Trenance [in St Austell].}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab BRICTMER <OF RILLATON>. See 5,1,8 Brictmer note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 HIDE \'85 3 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'Hamelin \'85 has 2 furlongs and 3 ploughs in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,5,21\tab [Exon 251b3]
\par \tab 'TREHAVERNE'. This was a settlement in Kenwyn Ancient Parish and in 'Tybesta' Hundred. It is now lost in Truro, the borough that grew up on its land: Henderson, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Essays in Cornish History}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 2. }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid335287  identified the place as St Goran.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,5,22\tab [Exon 264b4]
\par \tab BENNACOTT?. Exon }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Betnecota}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , Great Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Betnecote}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
. If correctly identified, this was a settlement in Boyton Ancient Parish and in Stratton Hundred. The order of Exon is not a sure guide at this point, because the final folios for the Count of Mortain's fief contain places in several hundreds, which had 
perhaps been discovered by a check of its source; see CON 5 arrangement note. The Phillimore printed translation tentatively identifies this place as Barnacott. Bennacott was adopted by Maxwell, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Settlements of Cornwall}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 , and accepted as a tentative identification by Padel and in the Alecto edition.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab ALMER. On this name-form, see 5,2,13 Almer note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab AFTER THIS ENTRY the main scribe of Great Domesday inserted the details of "Turstin"'s holding at Trebartha which he had omitted when extracting his la
nds from Exon. It appears there on the same folio as Bennacott? and was almost certainly found when he extracted the present entry. See 5,4,20 entry note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,6\tab [HOLDING OF NIGEL <OF WOOLSTONE> UNDER COUNT ROBERT OF MORTAIN]. Nothing is known of this Nig
el except that his holdings later came into the hands of William Boterel and passed down in the Boterel/ Botreaux family together with those of the count's tenant Brian (5,9); see }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 VCH Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
, ii. part 8, p. 58; Keats-Rohan, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday People}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 303. The }{\insrsid335287 m
ain scribe of Great Domesday seems to have believed that the same Nigel held all the lands in this subsection, though his use of 'from the count' in 5,6,3 is unexpected, as it was normally reserved for the first entry in a subsection; see CON 5 arrangemen
t note.
\par \tab \tab No other Nigels held land in Cornwall. Those held by a Nigel just across the border in Devon descended separately from the Cornish properties (JP).}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,6,1\tab [Exon 240b4]}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab WOOLSTONE. This was a settlement in Poundstock Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab ALRIC. On this name-form, see 5,20 Alric note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 HIDE \'85 4 \'bd PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'Nigel \'85 has 1 virgate and 1 \'bd ploughs in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 3 ploughs'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,6,2\tab [Exon 241a1]
\par \tab WORTHYVALE. This was a settlement in Minster Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab BRICTMER <OF RILLATON>. See 5,1,8 Brictmer note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab TAX FOR \'bd HIDE \'85 6 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'Nigel \'85 has \'bd virgate and 2 \'bd ploughs in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 4 ploughs'; the number of ploughs is thus \'bd
 plough more than the Great Domesday 'total' here. Discrepancies between Great Domesday and Exon plough numbers usually only occur when Exon gives the number of oxen, though 'rounding' up or down by the }{\insrsid335287 
main scribe of Great Domesday may explain many (4,13 plough note)}{\cf1\insrsid335287 . As this is not the case here, perhaps one of the scribes made a mistake, or the Exon figures were checked and correcte
d by the Great Domesday scribe. Compare 5,6,3 hide note.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,6,3\tab [Exon 241a2]
\par \tab TRENUTH?. This was a settlement in the Ancient Parish of Lanteglos-by-Camelford and it appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab ALRIC. On this name-form, see 5,20 Alric note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 HIDE \'85 2 \'bd PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'Nigel \'85 has \'bd virgate and 1 \'bd ploughs in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 1 \'bd ploughs'; the number of ploughs is thus \'bd
 plough more than the Great Domesday 'total' here; see 5,6,2 hide note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,6,4\tab [Exon 241a3]}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab ROSEBENAULT. This was a settlement in Davidstow Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab EDNOTH <OF PENGELLY>. }{\insrsid335287 Ednoth occurs twice in Cornwall, surviving as a tenant of the Count of Mo
rtain at Pengelly (5,18,1). It is likely that the same man had held Rosebenault (5,6,4) some 10 miles away; no other holdings of Ednoth devolved upon the Count of Mortain elsewhere in England. The only other Ednoth who might plausibly be linked with this 
E
dnoth had held Germansweek in 1066 (DEV 16,8), acquired by Baldwin the sheriff. All other holdings held by an Ednoth in 1086 lay much further afield, and none devolved upon Baldwin. Three other holdings were held by an Ednoth in 1086 (SOM 21,59. SUS 9,109
;129) but all were too distant and too modest to be linked with the Cornish tenant (JP).}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \'bd HIDE \'85 1 \'bd PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'Nigel \'85 has 1 virgate and 1 plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and \'bd plough'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab VALUE 10s. This statement was added by scribe B at the end of the entry.}{\insrsid335287  Lack of space caused him to write }{\i\insrsid335287 Val'}{\insrsid335287 
 next to the penultimate line of the entry, and he separated all of the addition from the adjacent text with a 'gallows' sign. The main scribe of
 Great Domesday may have omitted the value because in Exon it and the animals and pasture are on the verso of the folio, though he had turned over for the pasture. However, as scribe B did not also add from Exon the value of 20s. for when the holding was 
acquired, it is possible that his source for the 1086 value was not Exon.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab [!1! WHEN HE ACQUIRED IT, 20s. !1!]. In Exon }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 qn' recep' }{\cf1\insrsid335287 (= }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 quando recepit}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
). The subject is probably the Count [of Mortain], as in the Exon entry corresponding to 5,6,2. The Exon entries for the other subtenancies of Nigel similarly lack a subject in this clause. See 1,4 value note and compare 5,24,6 acquired note.}{
\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,6,5\tab [Exon 241b1]}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 
ROSCARROCK?. This was a settlement in St Endellion Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086. If the place is correctly identified, there was another estate here, held by Alfred, in 1086 (5,11,7). Both had been held by 
an Alwin in 1066.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 3 VIRGATES \'85 2 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'Nigel \'85 has 1 virgate and 1 plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 1 plough'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,6,6\tab [Exon 241b2]
\par \tab LANCARFFE. This was a settlement in Bodmin Ancient Parish 
and it appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086. Included in the list of lands taken from St Petroc's Church is 1 virgate held by the Count of Mortain (4,22). It is possible that this is the same piece of land as the present holding, but there are
 significant differences of detail and none of the other lands listed in 4,22 are found in the fief of the count or his men: see 4,22 Lancarffe note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 VIRGATE \'85 2 PLOUGHS, WHICH ARE THERE. Exon specifies 'Nigel \'85 has 1 acre and 1 plough in lordship and 
the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 7 oxen in a plough'. The main scribe of Great Domesday probably rounded up the 7 oxen to 8 oxen to make the second plough-team. The smallholders would have borrowed an ox either from the lord or from a neighbo
uring estate to form a plough-team.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab HONOUR. The honour was equivalent to Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 feudum}{\cf1\insrsid335287  ('holding', 'fief'). Compare 5,8,10 St Piran's note and 5,24,14 honour note. See Fleming, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 
Domesday Book and the Law}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 124 no. 316.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,6,7\tab [Exon 242b3]
\par \tab THIS ENTRY 
was initially omitted by the main scribe of Great Domesday and then found and entered by him in the opposite column at the end of the lands held by Iovin under the Count of Mortain (5,7). Transposition signs indicate the correct position of the entry in N
i
gel's fief. There is no obvious reason for the omission as, although the Great Domesday scribe had moved onto Nigel's lands in another hundred, he correctly excerpted his estate there in Trevague (5,6,8) which preceded the present holding in Exon. For oth
er subtenancies omitted and then entered during the writing up of Domesday Cornwall, see 5,4,19 entry note and 5,4,20 entry note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab TREDAULE. This was a settlement in Altarnun Ancient Parish. It appears to have lain in Rillaton Hundred in 1086, but lay clos
e to the presumed border with Stratton Hundred. Altarnun parish was divided between the two hundreds, Altarnun itself lying in Stratton Hundred, but Tredaule and the adjacent Trevague (5,6,8) were tithings of Rillaton Hundred in the Middle Ages: Pool, 'Ti
things of Cornwall', p. 297.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 HIDE \'85 6 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'Nigel \'85 has 1 virgate and 3 ploughs in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 3 ploughs'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab VALUE NOW 40s. This is the reading in the manuscripts of Exon and Great Domesday; Ellis }{\insrsid335287 misprinted '60s'.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,6,8\tab [Exon 242b2]
\par \tab TREVAGUE. This was a settlement in Altarnun Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Rillaton Hundred in 1086. Altarnun pari
sh lay on the border of two hundreds and was divided between them. Altarnun itself lay in Stratton Hundred, but Trevague and the adjacent Tredaule (5,6,7) were tithings of Rillaton Hundred in the Middle Ages: Pool, 'Tithings of Cornwall', p. 297.}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \'bd HIDE \'85 4 \'bd PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'Nigel \'85 has 1 furlong and 1 \'bd ploughs in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 3 ploughs'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,6,9\tab [Exon 243a1]
\par \tab POLYPHANT. This was a settlement in Lewannick Ancient Parish and appears to have la
in in Rillaton Hundred in 1086. In Exon as in Great Domesday it follows two places that lay at the junction of Rillaton Hundred and Stratton Hundred at a point where there is no natural boundary. It is followed in Exon by Dizzard (5,17,3) which was certai
nly in Stratton Hundred, as were the next ten holdings.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \'bd HIDE \'85 2 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'Nigel \'85 has \'bd virgate and 1 plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 1 plough'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,6,10\tab [Exon 252b1]
\par \tab GALOWRAS. This was a settlement in the Ancient Parish of Gorran (St Goran) and it appears to have lain in 'Tybesta' Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 VIRGATE \'85 1 PLOUGH THERE. Exon specifies 'Nigel \'85 has \'bd furlong and 1 plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,7\tab [HOLDING OF IOVIN [* THE CRAFTSMAN *] UNDER COUNT ROBERT OF MORTAIN]. The forms of this personal name, which only occurs in Domesday Cornwall, are}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  Iovin}{\cf1\insrsid335287 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 us}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 ], }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Iouin}{\cf1\insrsid335287  and }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Iouuin}{\cf1\insrsid335287 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 us}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ] in Great Domesday,}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  Ioin}{\cf1\insrsid335287 (}{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 us}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ), }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Iuuin}{\cf1\insrsid335287 (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 us}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ) and}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  Iouuin}{\cf1\insrsid335287 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 us}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
] in Exon. They represent}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\cf1\insrsid335287 Old French }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Jovin}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , which does}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\cf1\insrsid335287 not derive from Old German }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Gautwin}{
\cf1\insrsid335287  (as von Feilitzen, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 301, and Forssner, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Continental-Germanic Personal Names}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 286), but from}{
\insrsid335287  }{\cf1\insrsid335287 Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Jovinus}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\cf1\insrsid335287 the}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\cf1\insrsid335287 name of an obscure saint c
ultivated in north and west France in medieval times: Dauzat, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Dictionnaire des Noms de Famille et Pr\'e9noms}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 347. This individual is perhaps to be identified with Iovin }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 faber}{
\cf1\insrsid335287  ('craftsman'), a burgess of Launceston who was subject to the canons of St Stephen's, Launceston: Keats-Rohan, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday People}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 285.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,7,1\tab [Exon 224b2]
\par \tab ROSCARNON. This was a settlement in St Keverne Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Winnianton Hundred in 1086. It is not the same estate as the one alienated from the king's manor of Winnianton; see 1,1 Roscarnon note and 5,7,1 Gruffydd note.}
{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab GRUFFYDD <OF ROSCARNON>. He is probably the same as the Gruffydd who held another part of Roscarnon from the Count of Mortain; see 1,1 Gruffydd note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \'bd PLOUGH. Exon specifies 'I[ovin] has \'bd plough in lordship'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,7,2\tab [Exon 235a3]
\par \tab LAMETTON. This was a settlement in St Keyne Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Fawton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 ACRE \'85 1 PLOUGH, WHICH IS THERE. On the use of Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 ager}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , as in Exon, instead of the usual Great Domesday word }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 acra}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
, see 5,2,7 acre note. Exon specifies 'Iovin \'85 has \'bd furlong and \'bd plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and \'bd plough'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,7,3\tab [Exon 237a4]
\par \tab NORTON. This was a settlement in Launcells Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab ALMER. On this name-form, see 5,2,13 Almer note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \'bd HIDE \'85 3 \'bd PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'Iovin \'85 has 1 furlong and 1 \'bd ploughs in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 2 ploughs'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 25s. The main scribe of Great Domesday wrote }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 .xx.}{\cf1\insrsid335287  and then corrected it}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\cf1\insrsid335287 to }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 .xx.v.}{\cf1\insrsid335287  at once.}{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\cf1\insrsid335287 His error was almost certainly caused by his policy of reversing the order of the 'former' and 1086 value when editing Exon.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,7,4\tab [Exon 237b2]
\par \tab MORETON. This was a settlement in Launcells Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086. The identifications [Great] Moreton in the Alecto edition and Moreton in the Phillimore printed translation
 refer to the same Domesday estate which will no doubt have encompassed both Great Moreton and Little Moreton.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab BRICTMER <OF RILLATON>. See 5,1,8 Brictmer note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 VIRGATE \'85 2 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'Iovin \'85 has \'bd furlong and 1 plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 1 plough'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,7,5\tab [Exon 237b3]
\par \tab BALSDON. This was a settlement in Whitstone Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086. The estate will no doubt have encompassed both East Balsdon and West Balsdon.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 FURLONG \'85 \'bd PLOUGH THERE. Exon specifies 'Iovin \'85 has \'bd furlong in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and \'bd plough'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,7,6\tab [Exon 238a1; Terrae Occupatae 507b4]
\par \tab POUNDSTOCK. This was an Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab [* COUNTESS *] GYTHA. Gytha is likely to be Countess Gytha, as her son, Earl Harold, had held Lanow from which Poundstock and St Gennys had been taken away (1,4)
. Gytha had also held Werrington (5,5,4 Boyton note) which was in Devon in 1086 (DEV 1,50 Werrington note). Her other Devonshire lands were also almost entirely in the king's hands (DEV 1,29-35), most of them managed or farmed by Baldwin the sheriff.}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab Countess Gytha was sister of the Danish earl Ulf and wife of Earl Godwin. On Baldwin the sheriff, see DEV 16 Baldwin note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 HIDE \'85 2 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'Iovin \'85 has 1 furlong and 1 plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 1 plough'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab THIS LAND BELONGS TO LANOW. Its removal from Lanow (1,4) is mentioned in its entry. It had probably belonged to the Church of St Kew: 1,4 Lanow note.
\par \tab \tab The }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae}{\cf1\insrsid335287  record this alienation thus:}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae}{\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\insrsid335287 
507b4: The count has a manor which is called Poundstock, which was [part] of the king's lordship manor which is called Lanow. In the time of King William it was taken away from it.
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 124 no. 317.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,7,7\tab [Exon 238a2]
\par \tab TRESPARRET. This was a settlement in St Juliot Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\insrsid335287 \tab BRICTSI <OF ST GENNYS>. On the name Brictsi, see 1,1 Brictsi note.
\par \tab \tab The name Brictsi occurs four times in Cornwall, each time
 on the fief of the Count of Mortain. The group of three holdings in the neighbourhood of St Gennys probably belonged to one individual in 1066. He may have been the same man as the 1086 tenant near the Lizard (1,1); but the very modest scale of their pro
perties and the distance separating them suggests otherwise. The same considerations make it unlikely that the Brictsi who preceded the count on one of his Sussex manors is the same man (JP).}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \'bd HIDE \'85 1 \'bd PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'Iovin \'85 has 1 furlo
ng and 1 plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 3 oxen in a plough'. The main scribe of Great Domesday probably rounded up the 3 oxen to \'bd
 plough, unless this was a 6-oxen plough-team (5,2,19 plough note). The villagers would have borrowed oxen either from the lord or from a neighbouring estate to form a plough team.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,7,8\tab [Exon 238a3]}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab HE ALSO ^[IOVIN]^. The Exon scribe omitted 'Iovin holds this [manor] from the count' in error. He passed straight from the plough estimate 
to the detail of lordship and villagers' land and ploughs. However, in the next sentence he put '}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 I.}{\cf1\insrsid335287  has 1 villager\'85'.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 
TREBLARY. This was a settlement in Davidstow Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086. The place is spelt Tremblary in the Phillimore printed translation, but Treblary appears on modern maps and has been confirmed as correct by 
the Ordnance Survey. It is Treblary in the Alecto edition.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\insrsid335287 \tab BRICTSI <OF ST GENNYS>. See 5,7,7 Brictsi note.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 VIRGATE \'85 1 PLOUGH THERE. Exon specifies 'He has \'bd furlong and \'bd plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and \'bd plough'.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,7,9\tab [Exon 238b1; Terrae Occupatae 507b5]
\par \tab ST GENNYS. This was an Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086. The land had been removed from the manor of Lanow and had probably once belonged to the Church of St Kew: 1,4 Lanow note.
\par \tab \tab The }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae}{\cf1\insrsid335287  record this alienation thus:}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae}{\insrsid335287 
 507b5: The count has a manor which is called St Gennys, which belonged to the aforesaid manor of Lanow in 1066. This was taken away from it in the time of King William.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\insrsid335287 \tab [*COUNTESS *] GYTHA. This was presumably Countess Gytha, the mother of Earl Harold; see 5,7,6 Gytha note.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \'bd HIDE \'85 3 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'Iovin \'85 has \'bd virgate and 1 plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 2 ploughs'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,7,10\tab [Exon 238b2]
\par \tab DIZZARD. This was a settlement in St Gennys Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086. Another part was held by Alnoth from the Count of Mortain (5,17,3).}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\insrsid335287 \tab BRICTSI <OF ST GENNYS>. See 5,7,7 Brictsi note.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 VIRGATE \'85 1 PLOUGH THERE. Exon specifies 'Iovin \'85 has \'bd furlong and \'bd plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and \'bd plough'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 3 SMALLHOLDERS. Ellis misprinted '4 smallholders'; the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 .iii.}{\cf1\insrsid335287  is perfectly clear in the Exon manuscript.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,7,11\tab [Exon 253a4]}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab IOVIN. The repeat of Iovin's name in full and the inclusion of 'from the count', both formulae generally reserved for the first entry in a subsection (CON 5 arrangement note), may suggest that the }{\insrsid335287 
main scribe of Great Domesday was 
unsure whether this Iovin was the same as the others here. However, Trerice was in a different hundred and quire in Exon to the preceding entries, which might explain this. Moreover, the name Iovin occurs only in Domesday Cornwall and it is most likely th
at all references are to the same individual; see 5,7 Iovin note.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab TRERICE. This was a settlement in the Ancient Parish of St Michael Carhays, then in St Dennis Civil Parish which arose from a chapelry of St Michael Carhays. It appears to have lain in 'Tybesta' Hundred in 1086.
\par \tab \tab One }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 pertica}{\cf1\insrsid335287  in Tregony (5,24,21) and a half }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 pertica}{\cf1\insrsid335287  in Trerice were granted in 1049 by King Edward to Eadulf his faithful servant (Latin, }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 minister}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ); see Sawyer, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , no. 1019; }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Early Charters of Devon and Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 19 no. 97; Hooke, }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Charter Bounds of Devon and Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 64.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 VIRGATE \'85 1 \'bd PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'Iovin \'85 has \'bd furlong and 1 plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and \'bd plough'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,7,12\tab [Exon 264b2]
\par \tab TREWORGIE?. This place lay in St Gennys Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086. }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid335287  left the place unidentified as }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Treurgen}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 ; it is }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Treurghen}{\cf1\insrsid335287  in Exon. The Phillimore printed translation adopts Treworyan in Probus (SW8950)
. However, that place would have been in 'Tybesta' Hundred in 1086, whereas the order of Exon here needs a place in Rillaton Hundred or Stratton Hundred. Maxwell, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Settlements of Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
, suggested Treworgie which is now accepted by Padel (personal comment); it is ?Treworgie in the Alecto edition.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab TAX FOR 1 FURLONG \'85 1 PLOUGH THERE. Exon specifies 'Iovin \'85 has \'bd furlong and \'bd plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and \'bd plough'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,7,13\tab [Exon 264b3]
\par \tab CURRY. This was a settlement in Boyton Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086. The estate will no doubt have encompassed both East Curry and West Curry.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab AFTER THIS ENTRY the main scribe of Great Domesday inserted the details of Tredaule held by Nigel from the count, which he had omitted when excerpting Nigel's subtenancy from Exon; see 5,6,7 entry note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 

\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,8\tab [HOLDING OF BERNER <OF HORNACOTT> UNDER COUNT ROBERT OF MORTAIN]. Berner has not been identified (see Keats-Rohan, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday People}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
, p. 167), though it is likely that he is the same man as the Berner who held land from St Petroc's Church (4,6;26); see 5,8,10 St Piran's note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab The references to Berner in Cornwall are the only occurrences of the name in the south-western counties (JP).}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,8,1\tab [Exon 239b1]
\par \tab HORNACOTT. This was a settlement in North Tamerton Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 VIRGATE \'85 1 \'bd PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'Berner \'85
 has 1 furlong and 1 plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 3 oxen in a plough'. Unless they had a 6-oxen plough-team (5,2,19 plough note), the main scribe of Great Domesday probably rounded up their 3 oxen to \'bd
 plough. The villagers would have borrowed oxen either from the lord or from a neighbouring estate to form a plough-team.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,8,2\tab [Exon 239b2]
\par \tab ALVACOTT. This was a settlement in the Ancient Parish of North Tamerton and it appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab A VIRGATE \'85 1 \'bd PLOUGHS THERE. The main scribe of Great Domesday originally wrote }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Ibi}{\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\i\f720\cf1\insrsid335287 \'e7 car' 7 dimid'}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , then altered }{
\i\f720\cf1\insrsid335287 \'e7 }{\cf1\insrsid335287 to }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 st'}{\cf1\insrsid335287  (= }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 sunt}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , 'are'), then realized that the correct verb is }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 est }{\cf1\insrsid335287 
because 'a plough and a half' is regarded as being grammatically singular in Latin, so changed the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 st'}{\cf1\insrsid335287  to }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 est}{\cf1\insrsid335287  by adding an }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 e }{
\cf1\insrsid335287 in front of it.
\par \tab }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid335287 Exon specifies 'Berner \'85 has 1 furlong and 1 plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 3 oxen in a plough'. Unless th
ey had a 6-oxen plough-team (5,2,19 plough note), the main scribe of Great Domesday probably rounded up their 3 oxen to \'bd plough. The villagers would have borrowed oxen either from the lord or from a neighbouring estate to form a plough-team.}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,8,3\tab [Exon 239b3]}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 
WESTCOTT?. This Westcott was a settlement in Boyton Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086. The choice of location (SX2895) is arbitrary, there being several Westcotts in Stratton Hundred. One, at SX3099, may have
 been in Devon in 1086 if the Tamar was the boundary.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\insrsid335287 \tab 2 VILLAGERS WITH 1 SMALLHOLDER. Exon has 'B[erner] has 2 villagers who have 2 oxen in a plough, and 1 smallholder'. For the separation of villagers having part or all of a plough-team from the smallho
lders who did not, see 4,4 villagers note. The main scribe of Great Domesday probably omitted the oxen in error; see 4,13 plough note.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,8,4\tab [Exon 240a1]
\par \tab ROSECARE. This was a settlement in St Gennys Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 VIRGATE \'85 1 PLOUGH THERE. Exon specifies 'Berner \'85 has \'bd furlong and 1 plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab VALUE .. 7s 6d. The Exon scribe used }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 nummos}{\cf1\insrsid335287  in place of the usual }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 denarios}{\cf1\insrsid335287  for the pennies; see 5,1,3 value note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,8,5\tab [Exon 240a2]
\par \tab 'TREFREOCK'. This place lay in St Gennys Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086. The Phillimore printed translation identified this place as Trevigue (also in St Gennys). }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Gazetteer}{
\cf1\insrsid335287  identified Trefreock, as did Maxwell, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Settlements of Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 . Trefreock is a more likely development of Exon and Great Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Trerihoc}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
. The Alecto edition has 'Trefreock' [in St Gennys].}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab WASO. This is an Old Cornish name: von Feilitzen, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
, p. 409. It is rendered Wace in the Phillimore printed translation, Waso in the Alecto edition.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,8,6\tab [Exon 240a3]
\par \tab CRACKINGTON. This was a settlement in St Gennys Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \'bd HIDE \'85 1 PLOUGH THERE. Exon specifies 'Berner \'85 has 1 acre and \'bd plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and \'bd plough'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,8,7\tab [Exon 240a4]
\par \tab TRESLAY. This was a settlement in Davidstow Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \'bd PLOUGH. Exon has '3 oxen'. Unless they had a 6-oxen plough-team (5,2,19 plough note), the main scribe of Great Domesday probably rounded up their 3 oxen to \'bd
 plough. The smallholders would probably have borrowed oxen from a neighbouring estate to form a plough-team.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,8,8\tab [Exon 240b1]
\par \tab TREWEN?. This was a settlement in St Tudy Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,8,9\tab [Exon 240b2]
\par \tab LAMELLEN. This was a settlement in St Tudy Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \'bd HIDE \'85 1 \'bd PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'Berner \'85 has \'bd virgate and 1 plou
gh in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 3 oxen in a plough'. Unless they had a 6-oxen plough-team (5,2,19 plough note), the main scribe of Great Domesday probably rounded up their 3 oxen to \'bd
 plough. The smallholders would have borrowed oxen either from the lord or from a neighbouring estate to form a plough-team.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,8,10\tab [Exon 240b3]
\par \tab "TREGREBRI". The Phillimore printed translation identifies this place as 'Genver'? (in Tintagel Ancient Parish and so in Stratton Hundred) as did Maxwell, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Settlements of Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
: he locates the place at SX085887. }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid335287  left the place unidentified as }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Tregrebri.}{\cf1\insrsid335287  Accordin
g to Henderson, 'Cult of S. Pieran and S. Keverne in Cornwall', pp. 38-39, the only Stratton place connected with St Piran was in Tintagel parish; see also Henderson, 'East Cornwall', pp. 527-28. The chapel is at 'Genver' (1840) probably the same as }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Tregenver }{\cf1\insrsid335287 (1808), which Henderson regarded as offering an intermediate spelling between 'Genver' and the Exon and Great Domesday form }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Tregrebri}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
. However, derivation of 'Genver' from }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Tregrebri}{\cf1\insrsid335287  is formally impossible. In the order of Exon,}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\cf1\insrsid335287 this place appears in a group of places in Stratton Hundred}{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 .}{\cf1\insrsid335287  The Alecto edition has \'93Tregrebri\'94.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 HIDE \'85 1 \'bd PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'Berner \'85 has 1 virgate and 1 plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and \'bd plough'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab THIS LAND IS [PART] OF THE POSSESSIONS OF ST PIRAN'S. Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 possessione }{\cf1\insrsid335287 is singular and equivalent in sense to }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 feudo}{\cf1\insrsid335287  ('fee', 'fief') or }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 honore}{\cf1\insrsid335287  ('honour'). Exon has 'This manor is [part] of the honour of St Piran's'; see 5,6,6 honour note. It is almost certainly the land said in 4,26 to have been taken from 'Perran' and held by Berner.
\par \tab \tab See Fleming, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 124 no. 318.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,9\tab [HOLDING OF BRIAN <OF WIDEMOUTH> UNDER COUNT ROBERT OF MORTAIN]. Brian was no doubt a Breton. His holdings later came into the hands of William Boterel together with those of the count's tenant Nigel (5,6): Keats-Rohan, }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday People}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , pp. 171, 303.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab The main scribe of Great Domesday may have thought that the Brian who held Trenant [in Fowey]? (5,9,4) was a different person to the other
 Brians here: he used capitals for his name, lined it through in red and included 'from the count', all features that are not normally done for subsequent holders in a subsection; see CON 5 arrangement note. In Exon that holding is not with Brian's others
 (= 5,9,1-3) because it is in 'Tybesta', not Stratton, Hundred. The name-forms do not change in either Exon (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Brient}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ) or Great Domesday (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Briend}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ); they represent the }{
\insrsid335287 Breton surname }{\i\insrsid335287 Briand}{\insrsid335287 , }{\i\insrsid335287 Briant}{\insrsid335287 : Dauzat, }{\i\insrsid335287 Dictionnaire des Noms et Pr\'e9noms de France}{\insrsid335287 .
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab }{\insrsid335287 Brian oc
curs as a 1086 tenant on 15 holdings in Domesday Book. Given the uncommon name and the geographical and tenurial patterns, there were probably four individuals bearing the name: one holding from the Count of Mortain in Cornwall; another from Robert of Sta
fford in the Midlands; a third from William of Warenne in Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire, and the fourth, Brian of Scales, from Count Alan of Brittany in Cambridgeshire (JP).}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,9,1\tab [Exon 241b3]
\par \tab WIDEMOUTH. This was a settlement in Poundstock Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \'bd HIDE \'85 2 \'bd PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'Brian \'85 has 2 acres and 1 plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 1 \'bd ploughs'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 3 CATTLE. In the Exon manuscript }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 iii. animalia}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ; Ellis misprinted '4 cattle' and his error is perpetuated in the Phillimore printed translation.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,9,2\tab [Exon 242a1]
\par \tab WHALESBOROUGH. This was a settlement in Marhamchurch Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 VIRGATE \'85 2 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'Brian \'85 has 1 \'bd acres and 1 plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 1 plough'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,9,3\tab [Exon 242a2]
\par \tab PENFOUND. This was a settlement in Poundstock Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 PLOUGH THERE. Exon specifies 'Brian \'85 has 1 plough in lordship'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,9,4\tab [Exon 252b2]
\par \tab BRIAN. See 5,9 Brian note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab TRENANT?. This place lay in Tywardreath Ancient Parish (now in Fowey Civil Parish) and appears to 
have lain in 'Tybesta' Hundred in 1086. 'Trenance?' (in St Austell) is the identification in the Phillimore printed translation, based on Henderson, 'Ecclesiastical Antiquities', p. 26. }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 identified the place as Trenant (in Fowey) as did Maxwell, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Settlements of Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , and this is adopted by the Alecto edition, but without a question mark.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab AELMER. }{\insrsid335287 The Domesday forms of this name - }{\i\insrsid335287 Ailmar}{\insrsid335287 (}{\i\insrsid335287 us}{\insrsid335287 ), }{\i\insrsid335287 Ailmer}{\insrsid335287 , }{\i\insrsid335287 Eilmer}{\insrsid335287 
(}{\i\insrsid335287 us}{\insrsid335287 ), }{\i\insrsid335287 Aelmarus}{\insrsid335287 , }{\i\insrsid335287 Aelmerus}{\insrsid335287 , }{\i\insrsid335287 Aeilmarus}{\insrsid335287 , }{\i\insrsid335287 Aimar}{\insrsid335287  etc. - represent Old English }{
\i\insrsid335287 \'c6thelm\'e6r}{\insrsid335287 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid335287 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid335287 , pp. 184-85. JRM preferred a form closer to the Domesday forms, which did not have a second element }{
\i\insrsid335287 -maer}{\insrsid335287  or the medial }{\i\insrsid335287 -d-}{\insrsid335287  or }{\i\insrsid335287 -g-}{\insrsid335287 , which he thought was the prerequisite for inclusion under Aethelmer. The Alecto edition has \'c6thelm\'e6r. Compare}{
\cf1\insrsid335287  5,2,13 Almer note.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \'bd HIDE \'85 1 PLOUGH THERE. Exon specifies 'Brian \'85 has \'bd furlong and 7 oxen in a plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land'. The main scribe probably rounded 
up 7 oxen to 8 oxen to form a plough-team. The lord would have had to have borrowed an ox from a neighbouring estate.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,10\tab [HOLDING OF WILLIAM [!1! THE GOAT !1!] UNDER COUNT ROBERT OF MORTAIN]. Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Chieure}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  Cheure}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  capra }{
\cf1\insrsid335287 (not }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 de Chieure}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  de Chievre}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\cf1\insrsid335287 as Tengvik, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Old English Bynames}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
, p. 360 states), Exon }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 capra}{\cf1\insrsid335287 :}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\cf1\insrsid335287 Old French }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 chievre }{\cf1\insrsid335287 (Modern French }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 ch\'e8vre}{\cf1\insrsid335287 )}{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\cf1\insrsid335287 from Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 capra }{\cf1\insrsid335287 ('a she-goat'). The byname is unexplained; it yields the English surname Cheever.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab }{\insrsid335287 William was a Norman and the brother of Ralph of Pomeroy, coming, like him, from La Pommeraye in the French d\'e9
partement of Calvados (arrondissement Caen, canton Thury-Harcourt). He held a single fief as tenant-in-chief (DEV 19), which developed into the honour of Bradninch, but it escheated and
 was granted afresh to William de Tracy, the natural son of Henry I. See }{\i\insrsid335287 VCH Devon}{\insrsid335287 , i. pp. 560-63; Sanders, }{\i\insrsid335287 English Baronies}{\insrsid335287 , p. 20; Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid335287 Domesday People}{
\insrsid335287 , p. 469.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,10,1\tab [Exon 233b1]
\par \tab POUGHILL. This was an Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 HIDE \'85 5 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'W[illiam] has 1 virgate and 2 ploughs in lordship and the villagers have (}{\i\insrsid335287 h't}{\insrsid335287 , singular,}{\i\insrsid335287  }{\insrsid335287 for }{\i\insrsid335287 
h'nt}{\insrsid335287 , plural)}{\cf1\insrsid335287  the rest of the land and 3 ploughs'.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid335287 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid335287 5,11\tab [HOLDING OF ALFRED [* THE BU
TLER *] UNDER COUNT ROBERT OF MORTAIN]. Alfred was a}{\insrsid335287 n important tenant of Count Robert of Mortain, and presumably his butler (}{\i\insrsid335287 pincerna}{\insrsid335287 
). His wife appears to have been the heiress of the Domesday holder Ralph, holder of West Dene in Sussex. Alfred had a son, William, and a grandson, Richard FitzWilliam. William inherited his father\rquote 
s manors and other manors acquired from Ralph via his mother, but the bulk of his mother's inheritance went to Robert the butler, brother of Ralph. See Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid335287 Domesday People}{\insrsid335287 , pp. 143-45.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid335287 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cf1\insrsid335287 5,11,1\tab [Exon 233b2]
\par \tab HILTON. This was a settlement in Marhamchurch Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 2 HIDES \'85 5 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'A[lfred] has 1 virgate and 3 ploughs in lordship and the villagers have (}{\i\insrsid335287 h't}{\insrsid335287 , singular,}{\i\insrsid335287  }{\insrsid335287 for }{\i\insrsid335287 
h'nt}{\insrsid335287 , plural)}{\cf1\insrsid335287  the rest of the land and 2 ploughs'.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,11,2\tab [Exon 233b3]
\par \tab THURLIBEER. This was a settlement in Launcells Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 
3 VIRGATES OF LAND THERE, HOWEVER. This sentence was interlined by scribe B, with an insertion sign placed at the end of the tax assessment in the line below. The omission by the main scribe of Great Domesday was almost certainly caused by his policy of r
eversing the hidage and tax assessment when editing Exon; see 5,1,4 hides note.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab Exon specifies 'A[lfred] has 2 furlongs and 2 ploughs in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land'.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab UNDERWOOD. Exon has 'woodland (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 nemoris}{\cf1\insrsid335287 )'; compare 6,1 underwood note. Ellis }{\insrsid335287 misprinted }{\i\insrsid335287 nemori}{\insrsid335287 ; in the Exon manuscript the }{
\i\insrsid335287 s}{\insrsid335287  is interlined, as in }{\i\insrsid335287 seruos}{\insrsid335287  in the preceding line which he printed correctly.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,11,3\tab [Exon 244a1]
\par \tab BUTTSBEAR. This was a settlement in Launcells Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 PLOUGH, WHICH IS THERE. Exon has 'A[lfred] has 1 plough'; 'in lordship' was probably omitted in error, as elsewhere.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab NOW 7s 6d. The Exon scribe used Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 num}{\cf1\insrsid335287 (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 mos}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ) in place of the usual }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 denarios}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 for the pennies; see 5,1,3 value note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,11,4\tab [Exon 244a2]
\par \tab LAUNCELLS. This was an Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086. The Great Domesday name-form }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Landsev}{\cf1\insrsid335287  (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Landseu }{\cf1\insrsid335287 
in Exon) is probably corrupt, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Lancel}{\cf1\insrsid335287 (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 es}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ) being preferable: Padel, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Cornish Place-Names}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 107.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 2 HIDES \'85 3 \'bd PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'A[lfred] has \'bd virgate and 2 ploughs in lordship and the villagers have the rest of the land and 1 \'bd ploughs'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,11,5\tab [Exon 244a3]
\par \tab [CANN] ORCHARD. This was a settlement in Launcells Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 VIRGATE \'85 2 PLOUGHS, WHICH ARE THERE. Exon specifies 'Alfred has \'bd furlong and 1 plough in lordship and the villagers have the rest of the land and 1 plough'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab WITH 1 VILLAGER; 4 SMALLHOLDERS AND 2 SLAVES. The main scribe of Great Domesday wrote }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 .i.}{\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 uill'o}{\cf1\insrsid335287  ('1 villager') in darker ink, the }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 uill'o}{\cf1\insrsid335287  over an erasure. His usual formula here was 'with }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 n }{\cf1\insrsid335287 slave(s)' and then any villagers and smallholders, so it is possible that he originally wrote }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 seruo}{\cf1\insrsid335287  ('slave') here instead of }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 uillano}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 and then realized he had not only omitted the villager but made a mistake with the number of slaves. Exon has 'A[lfred] has 1 villager and 4 smallholders and 2 slaves', as usual.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,11,6\tab [Exon 244a4]
\par \tab BOROUGH. This was a settlement in the Cornish part
 of Bridgerule Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086. Bridgerule itself was in Devon, but the parish was divided between Devon and Cornwall until 1844 when the Cornish part was transferred to Devon. The 1086 boundary was prob
ably the Tamar. }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 The Place-Names of Devon}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 136, does not cite Domesday Book. Tackbear, adjacent, was also transferred to Devon in 1844: 5,24,18 Tackbear note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 VIRGATE \'85 2 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'A[lfred] has the fourth part of 1 furlong and 1 plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 1 plough'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab PASTURE, 15 ACRES. In the manuscript of Great Domesday the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 v }{\cf1\insrsid335287 of }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 xv. }{\cf1\insrsid335287 is rather smudged, but }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 xv. }{\cf1\insrsid335287 
is clearly intended; it agrees with Exon.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,11,7\tab [Exon 245a2]
\par \tab ROSCARROCK?. 
This was a settlement in St Endellion Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086. If the place is correctly identified, there was another estate here, held by Nigel in 1086 (5,6,5). Both had been held by an Alwin in 1066. }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid335287  identified the place as Tregarrick. The identification in the Alecto edition is as here.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\aspalpha\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid335287 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid335287 5,12\tab 
[HOLDING OF ERCHENBALD [* THE FLEMING *] UNDER COUNT ROBERT OF MORTAIN]. This is Erchenbald the Fleming according to Soulsby, 'Introduction', }{\i\insrsid335287 Cornwall Domesday}{\insrsid335287 
, p. 13. He was the count's subtenant in six of his estates in Devon (DEV 15,11;39-41;47;54), one of which was Bratton Fleming, named from him or a descendant (15,40), and he also held land there in Weare Giffard that the count had taken f
rom Roald Dubbed (DEV 35,10). His son, Stephen, answers for his lands in 1130 (Pipe Roll). His grandson, also Erchenbald, is called 'the Fleming' in the Red Book of the Exchequer (Hall, i. p. 259). See Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid335287 Domesday People}{
\insrsid335287 , p. 189; she errs in stating that he is identified as }{\i\insrsid335287 flandrensis}{\insrsid335287  in Exon: he is plain Erchenbald in the Exon for both Cornwall and Devon.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid335287 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\cf1\insrsid335287 5,12,1\tab [Exon 229a3]
\par \tab BODBRANE. This was a settlement in Duloe Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Fawton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \'bd PLOUGH THERE. Exon specifies 'E[rchenbald] has \'bd plough and the villagers [have] 2 oxen'; 'in lordship' was probably omitted in error after Erchenbald's \'bd
 plough, as elsewhere. The 2 oxen are rather too many to have been rounded down by the main scribe of Great
 Domesday, so he probably omitted them in error; see 4,13 plough note. Erchenbald may have made up his plough-team with the 2 oxen at Reginald's neighbouring estate at Killigorrick; see 5,2,7 acre note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,12,2\tab [Exon 234a3]
\par \tab \'93AVALDE\'94. Exon includes }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Aualda}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 in a group of places in Fawton Hundred. Although the early spellings make the identification with Levalsa (in St Ewe Ancient Parish) possible as in the Phillimore printed translation, followed by Maxwell, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 
Domesday Settlements of Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , Levalsa lay in 'Tybesta' Hundred remote from the border with Fawton Hundred. }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 identified the place as Havet, but it seems wiser to leave the place unidentified, as does the Alecto edition, until evidence of the later history of the estate becomes available.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab DODA <OF TRELAN>. See 1,1 Doda note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 VIRGATE \'85 1 PLOUGH THERE. Exon specifies 'Erchenbald \'85 has \'bd virgate and 3 oxen in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 3 oxen in a plough'. Unless this was a 6-oxen plough-team (5,2,19
 plough note), the main scribe of Great Domesday rounded up each 3 oxen to 4 oxen.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,12,3\tab [Exon 255b2]
\par \tab BREA. This was a settlement in the Ancient Parish of St Just in Penwith and it appears to have lain in 'Connerton' Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab DODA <OF TRELAN>. See 1,1 Doda note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 \'bd PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'Of this [manor] E[rchenbald] has 1 plough and the villagers have \'bd plough'; 'in lordship' was probably omitted in error after Erchenbald's plough, as elsewhere.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,13\tab [HOLDING OF
 OSFRITH <OF MANELY> UNDER COUNT ROBERT OF MORTAIN]. Osfrith was a rare example of an Anglo-Saxon who had managed not only to hold onto his lands, albeit as a tenant of the Count of Mortain, but to increase them with four estates not held by him in 1066: 
Soulsby, 'Introduction', }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Cornwall Domesday}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 12. Compare 5,16 Alward note. He may also have been the same man as the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 T.R.E.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 holder of nine of Baldwin the sheriff's lands in Devon and one each of William of Poilley and Ralph Dubbed there. On the various forms of his name, which represent Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Osfrith}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , see von Feilitzen, }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p.}{\insrsid335287  339, and compare 5,13,11 Osfrith note. His name is rendered Osferth in the }{\cf1\insrsid335287 
Phillimore printed translation, Osfrith in the Alecto edition.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab See Clarke, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 English Nobility}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 328, who does not include DEV 16,55;80. 35,27. CON 5,13,1 (JP).}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,13,1\tab [Exon 229b3]}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab OSFRITH HOLDS. There is no abbreviation sign over }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 ten }{\cf1\insrsid335287 in the Ordnance Survey facsimile, though it is in the manuscript of Great Domesday, the Alecto facsimile and Farley.}{
\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab MANELY. This was a settlement in St Veep Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Fawton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab ALRIC. On this name-form, see 5,20 Alric note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 2 HIDES \'85 3 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'O[sfrith] 
has 1 virgate of land and 6 oxen in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 2 ploughs'. Unless Osfrith had a 6-oxen plough team (5,2,19 plough note), the main scribe of Great Domesday probably rounded up his 6 oxen to eight.}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,13,2\tab [Exon 229b4]
\par \tab BOCONNOC. This was an Ancient Parish and a Peculiar of the Bishops of Exeter until 1848. It appears to have lain in Fawton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \'bd HIDE \'85 1 PLOUGH THERE. Exon specifies 'O[sfrith] has the third part of this land and \'bd plough and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and \'bd plough'; 'in lordship' was probably omitted in error after Osfrith's 
\'bd plough, as elsewhere.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 2 VILLAGERS AND 6 SMALLHOLDERS. The formula in Exon is slightly different from usual: 'There are 2 villagers and 6 smallholders', rather than 'Osfrith has 2 villagers and 6 smallholders'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,13,3\tab [Exon 230a1]
\par \tab TREMADART. This was a settlement in Duloe Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Fawton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab TAX FOR 1 VIRGATE \'85\'bd HIDE \'85 2 \'bd PLOUGHS THERE. The }{\insrsid335287 main scribe of Great Domesday originally wrote }{\i\f720\insrsid335287 Ibi \'e7 car'}{\insrsid335287  at the end of one line and }{\i\insrsid335287 
7 dimid'}{\insrsid335287  at the beginning of the next; the singular }{\i\insrsid335287 est}{\insrsid335287  is normally used with '1 \'bd' (5,8,2 ploughs note). He then erased the }{\i\insrsid335287 e}{\insrsid335287 , though left the abbreviat
ion line over it, and wrote }{\i\insrsid335287 st}{\insrsid335287  (= }{\i\insrsid335287 sunt}{\insrsid335287 , 'are') in its place when he added }{\i\insrsid335287 ii}{\insrsid335287  at the end of the line after }{\i\insrsid335287 car'}{\insrsid335287 
, interlining }{\i\insrsid335287 e}{\insrsid335287  (the last letter of }{\i\insrsid335287 duae}{\insrsid335287 , '2') in clarification. This correction was probably done at the time of writing the entry.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\insrsid335287 \tab \tab }{\cf1\insrsid335287 Exon specifies 'Of this virgate O[sfrith] has the third part (}{\i\f720\cf1\insrsid335287 .iii. part\'e7}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ) and \'bd
 plough and the villagers hold the rest of the land and 1 plough. O[sfrith] has there 3 villagers and 1 plough and 9 smallholders \'85'. This rather different Exon formula might imply that 
only the villagers, not the smallholders as well, made use of 1 plough, whereas the other plough was used by both categories of 'villagers'; see 4,4 villagers note. Or the Exon scribe may merely have briefly omitted a second plough used by the 'villagers'
 as a whole and the }{\insrsid335287 main scribe of Great Domesday did not see it initially}{\cf1\insrsid335287 . In either case 'in lordship' was probably omitted in error after Osfrith's \'bd plough, as elsewhere.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab The inclusion in Exon of 'of this virgate' (see also in 5,13,4. 5,14,1. 5,15,6) probably does not mean that the 'rest of the land' held by the villagers was the rest of the virgate, rather than the rest of the \'bd
 hide given as the hidage. On the total of lordship and villagers' land equating to the hidage rather than the tax assessment (when both are recorded), see 1,2 hides note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,13,4\tab [Exon 230a2]
\par \tab TRENANT. This was a settlement in Duloe Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Fawton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \'bd HIDE \'85 2 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'O[sfrith] \'85 has the third part (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 .}{\i\f720\cf1\insrsid335287 iii. part\'e7}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ) of this virgate and \'bd
 plough and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 1 \'bd ploughs'; 'in lordship' was probably omitted in error after Osfrith's \'bd plough, as elsewhere. On 'the rest of the land' probably referring to the \'bd hide less the \u8531\'3f
 virgate, see 5,13,3 hide note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,13,5\tab [Exon 230a3]
\par \tab GLYNN. This was a settlement in Cardinham Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Fawton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab TAX FOR 1 VIRGATE \'85 1 PLOUGH THERE. Exon specifies 'O[sfrith] \'85 has the third part (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 .i}{\i\f720\cf1\insrsid335287 ii. part\'e7}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ) and \'bd
 plough and the villagers [have] two parts (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 .ii. part'}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ) and \'bd plough'; 'in lordship' was probably omitted in error after Osfrith's \'bd plough, as elsewhere. It is assumed that }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 
.ii. part'}{\cf1\insrsid335287  abbreviates}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  .ii. partes}{\cf1\insrsid335287  and makes up to 1 virgate with the }{\i\f720\cf1\insrsid335287 .iii. part\'e7}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ]}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 . }{\cf1\insrsid335287 
Here it would seem that the manor paid tax on the full amount of land; see 1,2 hides note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,13,6\tab [Exon 243b2]
\par \tab BOWITHICK. This was a settlement in Altarnun Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,13,7\tab [Exon 243b3]
\par \tab PENHALT. This was a settlement in Poundstock Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 VIRGATE. Exon specifies 'O[sfrith] has 1 furlong in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,13,8\tab [Exon 243b1]
\par \tab PENPONT. This was a settlement in Altarnun Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086. Altarnun parish was divided between hundreds however, and Penpont lay on the border.
\par \tab \tab When excerpting Osfrith's holdings in this Exon quire (3d) the main scribe of Great Domesday seems to have briefly omitted and then entered this one: it precedes the next two on 243b there (= 5,13,6-7).}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 HIDE \'85 2 \'bd PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'O[sfrith] has 1 virgate and \'bd plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 2 ploughs'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,13,9\tab [Exon 252a2]
\par \tab LANTYAN. This was a settlement in Tywardreath Ancient Parish, later in St Sampson (Golant) Civil Parish which developed out of a chapelry of Tywardreath. It appears to have lain in 'Tybesta' Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 HIDE \'85 1 \'bd PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'O[sfrith] has 1 acre and 4 oxen in a plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 1 plough'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,13,10\tab [Exon 252a3]
\par \tab TREVILLYN. This was a settlement in Luxulyan Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in 'Tybesta' Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab BRETEL [* }{\insrsid335287 "}{\cf1\insrsid335287 DE SANCTO CLARO}{\insrsid335287 "}{\cf1\insrsid335287  *]. T}{\insrsid335287 he name Bretel occurs on 26 holdings in Domesday Book, in all but o
ne of them as the name of a tenant of the Count of Mortain in 1086, assumed to be a Norman though no specific continental origin is known: Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid335287 Domesday People}{\insrsid335287 
, p. 170. The only other Bretel named in Domesday also occurs on the fief of the Count of
 Mortain, but as a pre-Conquest landholder in the present entry. This is either a statistical freak of distribution or Bretel is an Englishman from St Cleer in Cornwall, not a Norman from Saint-Clair in Normandy. The earliest form of the Cornish place-nam
e is the same as that in the Tax Return: }{\i\insrsid335287 Sanctus Clarus}{\insrsid335287 : Ekwall, }{\i\insrsid335287 Dictionary of English Place-Names}{\insrsid335287 , p. 400. A Hubert and Richard of Saint-Clair also occur i
n Domesday Book, both presumed to have come from Saint-Clair-sur-l'Elle (Manche: arrondissement Saint-L\'f4): Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid335287 Domesday People}{\insrsid335287 
, pp. 257, 361; but unlike Bretel, both have unmistakably Norman forenames and no pre-Conquest holdings. St Cleer itself is not named in Domesday Book or in earlier sources (Sawyer, }{\i\insrsid335287 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\insrsid335287 , }{
\i\insrsid335287 passim}{\insrsid335287 ); but this does not of course preclude its existence in 1066. If Bretel was indeed from St Cleer in Cornwall, then he was one of the most successful survivors of the 
Conquest, with demesne holdings valued at almost \'a350, fractionally less than those of Kolsveinn of Lincoln and more than twice those of Thorkil of Warwick, the two best-known survivors (unless Edward of Salisbury were English) (JP).
\par \tab \tab There are, however, m
ajor difficulties in accepting that the Bretel here is the same as the Bretel who held a major sub-fief under the Count of Mortain in Devon, Somerset and Dorset in 1086 and who is named in the Tax Return for the Somerset hundred of 'Bulstone' (Exon folio 
526b1) as Bretel }{\i\insrsid335287 de Sancto Claro}{\insrsid335287 , from whose holding of \'bd hide the king has no tax and which can be identified as at Swell (SOM 19,15).}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\insrsid335287 \tab \tab Firstly, there is nothing apart from the name Bretel to connect the present }{\i\insrsid335287 T.R.E.}{\insrsid335287  holder and the 1086 holder. Trevill
yn held by the 1066 Bretel lay at SX0461 in 'Tybesta' Hundred, and was held in 1086, not by him from the Count of Mortain but by Osfrith. St Cleer, on the other hand, if it existed in 1086, lay at SX2468, sixteen miles away and in a different hundred (Faw
ton Huundred). The nearest named Domesday places to St Cleer were Fursnewth (4,17) held by St Petroc's of Bodmin and the uncertainly identified Rosecraddock (5,6,5. 5,11,7) held from the Count of Mortain by Nigel and Alfred respectively.
\par \tab \tab Secondly, the name }{\i\insrsid335287 Bretel}{\insrsid335287  is certainly of continental origin: it is a French diminutive of }{\i\insrsid335287 Bret}{\insrsid335287 , that is, 'a Breton'; see von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid335287 
Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid335287 , p. 208. Such a name arises when a Breton moves elsewhere, in the case of the Count of Mort
ain's tenant, probably to Normandy where he or his predecessors would have gained the nickname 'little Breton'. Another of the count's tenants Ansger the Breton was also known as Ansger of Senarpont named from a bridge over the River Bresle which marks th
e boundary of Normandy and Picardy. The 1066 Bretel could have brought his name with him from Normandy or Brittany, or he could have borne an Old Cornish name }{\i\insrsid335287 Britail}{\insrsid335287  or }{\i\insrsid335287 Brytthael}{\insrsid335287 
 or Old Breton }{\i\insrsid335287 Brithael}{\insrsid335287  (all with the same meaning) which a scribe assimilated to the better known }{\i\insrsid335287 Bretel}{\insrsid335287 
. The 1066 Bretel is very unlikely to be of English origin; he might have been born in Brittany or Normandy or he and his forebears could have been established in Cornwall for some time, though their ultimate origin was in Brittany.
\par \tab \tab 
Thirdly, it is difficult to believe that an obscure holder in Cornwall should have been adopted and promoted by the Count of Mortain, lost his former holding of St Cleer (not mentioned in Domesday Book) but continued to be named from it, yet was rewa
rded with an important sub-fief in three south-western counties, though for some reason not in Cornwall, where the bulk of the count's lands lay. Instead Bretel's lands became the barony of Stoke Trister, named from Bretel's holding in Somerset (SOM 19,63
), on the forfeiture of the Mortain fief in 1102.
\par \tab \tab Fourthly, toponymic bynames generally derive from the individual's continental place of origin or from a major estate in England. In the case of Bretel, as the name St Cleer is so obscure, it is probable t
hat he brought his name with him from the continent.
\par \tab \tab Fifthly, St Cleer itself was named from Sanctus Clarus (the first Bishop of Nantes, third century) whose cult was particularly strong in Normandy; see Padel, }{\i\insrsid335287 Cornish Place-Names}{\insrsid335287 , under St Cleer; Dauzat
 and Rostaing, }{\i\insrsid335287 Dictionnaire des Noms de Lieux en France}{\insrsid335287 
, under Saint-Clair. It is not certain when the cult reached Britain, but it is unlikely to be pre-Conquest and more probable that it was brought by the Normans in or after 1066. The first reference to
 St Cleer is in 1212 and is to the church, not to any settlement. St Cleer is often confused with St Clether named from an early (possibly sixth-century) saint of Welsh origin; see Farmer,}{\i\insrsid335287  Oxford Dictionary of Saints}{\insrsid335287 
, under Cleer, Clether. However, St Clether lies at SX2084, and, like St Cleer, has no association with Trevillyn.
\par \tab \tab Sixthly, Bretel }{\i\insrsid335287 de Sancto Claro}{\insrsid335287 , the Count of Mortain's tenant, is found as a witness of Mortain charters until 1102. A successor, William }{\i\insrsid335287 de Sancto Claro}{\insrsid335287 
, appears in the Pipe Roll for 1130 and the same name appears in 1159-1165; see Sanders, }{\i\insrsid335287 English Baronies}{\insrsid335287 , p. 84; Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid335287 Domesday People}{\insrsid335287 , p. 170. If both men called William }{
\i\insrsid335287 de Sancto Claro}{\insrsid335287  are the same individual and if he is Bretel's son, then Bretel must have been very long lived, and a late father of a child if he is the same man as the }{\i\insrsid335287 T.R.E.}{\insrsid335287 
 holder of Trevillyn.
\par \tab \tab While it seems improbable that the count's subtenant Bretel came from St Cleer, it is not certain from which French place called Saint-Clair he came. Loyd, }{\i\insrsid335287 Some Anglo-Norman Families}{\insrsid335287 
, pp. 88-89, has established that Hamo of Saint-Clair who can be identified as the Hamo who holds land in Suffolk (see SFK 6,271 entry note) came from Saint-Clair-sur-l'Elle. On the face of it, Bretel of Saint-Clair and Hubert of Sai
nt-Clair (named in the Exon entry corresponding to SOM 19,10; see SOM 19,10 Hubert note), both holding from the Count of Mortain, would have been related and from the same Saint-Clair, but whether from Saint-Clair-sur-l'Elle or Saint-Clair-sur-les-Monts (
d\'e9partement of Seine-Maritime, arrondissement Rouen, canton Yvetot) or Saint-Clair d'Arcey (d\'e9partement of Eure, arrondissement Bernay) or from some other Saint-Clair is uncertain; see Tengvik, }{\i\insrsid335287 Old English Bynames}{\insrsid335287 
, p. 112. In the face of this lack of certainty it has been decided for the present edition to call him Bretel }{\i\insrsid335287 de Sancto Claro}{\insrsid335287 .}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 2 FURLONGS. Exon specifies 'Osfrith \'85 has \'bd furlong in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 2 oxen in a plough'. The }{\insrsid335287 main scribe of Great Domesday p
robably omitted the 2 oxen in error; see 4,13 plough note.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,13,11\tab [Exon 263b4]}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab OSFRITH. Exon }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Osfel}{\cf1\insrsid335287 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 us}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ], Great Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Offels}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ; see von Feilitzen, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 
Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p.}{\insrsid335287  339. The main scribe of Great Domesday may not have recognized this name as the same as the }{\i\insrsid335287 Osfers}{\insrsid335287 , }{\i\insrsid335287 Osfert}{
\insrsid335287  etc. used in Exon for the count's subtenant earlier in this subsection in Great Domesday or he may have thought he was a different Osfrith because he gave Osfrith's name in full (rather than putting }{\i\insrsid335287 Idem}{\insrsid335287 
) and added 'from the count'; see CON 5 arrangement note.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab TRELASKE. This was a settlement in Lewannick Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Rillaton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \'bd HIDE \'85 2 \'bd PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'O[sfrith] has \'bd virgate and \'bd plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 2 ploughs'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,13,12\tab [Exon 263b5]
\par \tab TREGRILL. This was a settlement in Menheniot Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Rillaton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab ALRIC. On this name-form, see 5,20 Alric note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 HIDE \'85 2 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'O[sfrith] has 1 virgate and 2 oxen in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 2 ploughs'. The }{\insrsid335287 
main scribe of Great Domesday either discounted or omitted the 2 oxen; see 4,13 plough note.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,14\tab [HOLDING OF ODO <OF BOTELET> UNDER COUNT ROBERT OF MORTAIN]. The }{\insrsid335287 
main scribe of Great Domesday may not have been sure that all the tenants called Odo in this subsection were the same person, as he put Odo in full (rather than }{\i\insrsid335287 Idem}{\insrsid335287 ) and in
cluded 'from the count' for the holdings at Treligga (5,14,3) and Trevell? (5,14,5); see CON 5 arrangement note. }{\cf1\insrsid335287 
These entries coincide with a change in hundred and quire in Exon. See 4,28 Odo note. Nothing is known about this man; see }{\insrsid335287 Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid335287 Domesday People}{\insrsid335287 , p. 311.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,14,1\tab [Exon 230b1]}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab BOTELET. This was a settlement in Lanreath Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Fawton Hundred in 1086.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 2 HIDES \'85 2 \'bd PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'Odo (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Oda}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ) has the third part (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 .iii. part'}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ) of 1 virgate and 1 \'bd
 ploughs and the villagers have (}{\i\insrsid335287 h't}{\insrsid335287 , singular,}{\i\insrsid335287  }{\insrsid335287 for }{\i\insrsid335287 h'nt}{\insrsid335287 , plural)}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 the rest of the land and 1 plough'; 'in lordship' was probably omitted in error after Odo's ploughs, as elsewhere. On 'the rest of the land' probably referring to the 2 hides less the \u8531\'3f virgate, see 5,13,3 hide note.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab It is unclear whether the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 .iii. part'}{\cf1\insrsid335287  in Exon abbreviates }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 .iii. partem}{\cf1\insrsid335287  ('the third part') or }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 .iii. partes}{
\cf1\insrsid335287  ('three parts'). The Phillimore printed translation opted for the latter, but in the Exon for Cornwall the scribes mostly wrote}{\i\f720\cf1\insrsid335287  .iii. part\'e7}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , so it is likely that an }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 e}{\cf1\insrsid335287  was simply omitted here and that 'the third part' was intended. There was obviously room for confusion with this and it was recognized by the }{\insrsid335287 
main scribe of Great Domesday and also by scribe B, as they often corrected or clarified the reading.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab VALUE NOW 50s. Exon has 'Value 20s a year'. As the 1086 value of manors in Cornwall was less than their 'former' value in the great majority of cases, the Exon reading is more likely to be correct. The }{\insrsid335287 
main scribe of Great Domesday might have got the '50' from the acres of pasture which in Exon immediately precedes the 1086 value and is on the same line.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,14,2\tab [Exon 230b2]
\par \tab ST NEOT. This was an Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Fawton Hundred in 1086. It is not stated here that this estate had been removed from the church of St Neot (see 4,28).}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 HIDE \'85 1 PLOUGH THERE. Exon specifies 'O[do] has 1 virgate and \'bd plough in lordship and the villagers have (}{\i\insrsid335287 h't}{\insrsid335287 , singular,}{\i\insrsid335287  }{\insrsid335287 for }{\i\insrsid335287 
h'nt}{\insrsid335287 , plural)}{\cf1\insrsid335287  3 virgates and \'bd plough'.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 3 SLAVES. In Exon }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 .iii. seruos}{\cf1\insrsid335287  is corrected from }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 .iii. serui}{\cf1\insrsid335287  or }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 .iii. seruus}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ; Ellis misprinted }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 .iii. seruus}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , which is the wrong case and singular.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,14,3\tab [Exon 244b2]
\par \tab TRELIGGA. This was a settlement in St Teath Ancient Parish, which was formed after the dissolution of the monasteries. It appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086. For the identification, see Pounds, 'Domesday Manors of Cornwall', p. 463. }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid335287  identified the place as Treluggan (in Landrake). The Alecto edition has Treligga.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab BRICTMER <OF RILLATON>. See 5,1,8 Brictmer note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 HIDE \'85 1 PLOUGH THERE. Exon specifies 'O[do] has \'bd furlong and \'bd plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 4 oxen'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab FORMERLY 10s. Exon has 'value when the count acquired it, 20s'. The Exon scribe initially wrote }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 x}{\cf1\insrsid335287  and then squeezed in a second }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 x}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 in front of it, but the result is not very clear and it is on the inner edge of a folio, so it could easily have been misread by the }{\insrsid335287 main scribe of Great Domesday.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,14,4\tab [Exon 244b3]
\par \tab TREVENIEL. This was a settlement in North Hill Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Rillaton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab BRICTMER <OF RILLATON>. See 5,1,8 Brictmer note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \'bd HIDE \'85 1 PLOUGH THERE. Exon specifies 'O[do] has \'bd furlong and 6 oxen in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 2 oxen'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab LAND FOR [2] PLOUGHS. The figure is smudged in the manuscript of Great Domesday, but the main scribe probably intended }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 .ii. }{\cf1\insrsid335287 (which agrees with Exon.). Farley misprinted }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 .i.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,14,5\tab [Exon 245a1]
\par \tab TREVELL?. This place lay in Lewannick Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Rillaton Hundred in 1086. }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 identified the place as Trevallack and the Phillimore printed translation as Treval (in Antony, SX4255). Maxwell, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Settlements of Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , tentatively s
uggested Treval (though in its variant spelling, Trevol) and Padel (personal comment) Trevell. He points out that }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Trewale }{\cf1\insrsid335287 (Exon }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Treualla}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
) follows Treveniel in Great Domesday, as in Exon, in the same sub-fief and that Trevell and Treveniel had the same tenure in 1385. The Alecto edition has ?Trevell.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 2 VILLAGERS AND 4 SMALLHOLDERS, WITH 1 SLAVE. Exon has 'O[do] has there 2 villagers who have 2 oxen, and 4 smallholders and 1 slave'. On the separation of villagers with oxen from the smallholders, see 4,4 vil
lagers note, and on the omission of the 2 oxen by the Great Domesday scribe, see }{\insrsid335287 4,13 plough note}{\cf1\insrsid335287 .}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,14,6\tab [Exon 264b5]}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab PORTHALLOW. This was a settlement in Talland Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Fawton Hundred in 1086. In Exon this is the last entry in the count's fief in Cornwall.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,15\tab [HOLDING OF ALGAR <OF TRENANCE> UNDER COUNT ROBERT OF MORTAIN]. The }{\insrsid335287 main scribe of Great Domesday might have thought that the Algar who held Pelynt and Pentewen (5,15,3-4) were not the same person(s) as
 the Algar who held the rest of this subsection, as he repeated the name, rather than putting }{\i\insrsid335287 Idem}{\insrsid335287 ; see CON 5 arrangement note. These entries coincide with a change in hundred and, for 5,15,4, in quire in Exon.}{
\insrsid335287 
\par }{\insrsid335287 \tab \tab See also Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid335287 Domesday People}{\insrsid335287 , p. 
136. The six holdings of Algar are in south Cornwall, mostly along the coast, between Trenance and Pelynt. He may have been the same individual as the tenant of Dunstone in Devon (DEV 52,42), one of only two other Algars holding land in Devon or Cornwall 
i
n 1086. If so, then the 1066 tenant of Tredinnick (5,2,15), between Pelynt and Dunstone, was probably also the same man. The distribution of the properties has a pronounced pattern, and two Anglo-Saxon survivors is suggestive; but there is unfortunately n
o way in which an identification can be verified. It is less likely that Algar of Trenance is the same individual as any of the 1066 landholders of that name elsewhere in Cornwall, all of whose properties were on the other side of the county (JP).}{
\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,15,1\tab [Exon 224a1]}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab TRENANCE. This was a settlement in St Keverne Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Winnianton Hundred in 1086. In Exon it is the first entry in the count's fief in Cornwall.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 HIDE \'85 2 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'A[lgar] has the third part of a hide and 7 oxen in lordship. And the villagers hold the rest of the land and have 1 plough'. The }{\insrsid335287 
main scribe of Great Domesday probably rounded up the 7 oxen to 8 oxen to form his second plough-team. Algar}{\cf1\insrsid335287  would have to have borrowed an ox either from the villagers or from a neighbouring estate to form a plough-team.}{
\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,15,2\tab [Exon 224a2]
\par \tab TREWINCE. This was a settlement in the Ancient Parish of St Martin-in-Meneage and it appears to have lain in Winnianton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 HIDE \'85 2 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'A[lgar] has the third part of a hide and \'bd plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 1 plough and 2 oxen'. The }{\insrsid335287 
main scribe of Great Domesday probably rounded up the 2 oxen to \'bd plough to make his total of 2 ploughs; see 4,13 plough note and compare 5,15,4 hide note.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,15,3\tab [Exon 230b3]}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab PELYNT. This was an Ancient Parish. The settlement appears to have lain in Fawton Hundred in 1086.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \'bd HIDE \'85 3 \'bd PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'A[lgar] has 1 virgate and 1 \'bd
 ploughs and the villagers have the rest of the land and 2 ploughs'; 'in lordship' was probably omitted in error after Algar's ploughs, as elsewhere.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab WOODLAND. Scribe B wrote }{\i\f713\cf1\insrsid335287 silu\'ea 7}{\cf1\insrsid335287  over erasure. The }{\insrsid335287 main scribe of Great Domesday had probably written }{\i\f713\insrsid335287 pastur\'ea}{\insrsid335287 
 ('pasture') here but given it the measurements of the woodland: in a number of entries he initially wrote the wrong resource and then he or scribe B corrected it, either by erasure as here or by overwriting if it was possible.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,15,4\tab [Exon 253b1]
\par \tab PENTEWAN. This was a settlement in St Austell Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in 'Tybesta' Hundred in 1086. The Exon and Great Domesday name-form is }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Bentewoin}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ; see Padel, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 
Cornish Place-Names}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 135.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \'bd HIDE \'85 2 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'Algar \'85 has 1 furlong and \'bd plough and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 1 plough and 2 oxen'; 'in lordship' was probably omitted in error after Algar's \'bd
 plough, as elsewhere. As in 5,15,2 the }{\insrsid335287 main scribe of Great Domesday probably rounded up the 2 oxen to \'bd plough to make his total of 2 ploughs.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,15,5\tab [Exon 253b2]
\par \tab TREVESSON?. This was a settlement in the Ancient Parish of Gorran (St Goran) and it appears to have lain in 'Tybesta' Hundred in 1086. }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid335287  ident
ified the place as Trewithen. The Alecto edition has ?Trevesson.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \'bd HIDE \'85 2 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'Algar \'85 has 1 furlong and 1 plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 1 plough'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,15,6\tab [Exon 254a1]
\par \tab IDLESS. This was a settlement in Kenwyn Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in 'Tybesta' Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab IN LORDSHIP 3 PLOUGHS \'85 [!1! \u8531\'3f VIRGATE !1!]. Exon has the usual formula 'Algar \'85 has the third part of 1 virgate and 1 plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest [of the land: }{\i\f720\cf1\insrsid335287 
ali\'e2}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ] and 2 ploughs'. The }{\insrsid335287 
main scribe of Great Domesday specified the lordship ploughs in only eight other entries in the count's subinfeudated lands and he probably wrote 'in lordship 3 ploughs' here in error, instead of '3 ploughs there'. }{\cf1\insrsid335287 
On 'the rest [of the land]' probably referring to the 1 hide less the \u8531\'3f virgate, rather than the 1 virgate of the tax assessment, see 5,13,3 hide note.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,16\tab [HOLDING OF ALWARD < OF TREGARDOCK> UNDER COUNT ROBERT OF MORTAIN]. The Domesday forms of the name-form Alward - Aluuard(us), Eluuard(us), Aeluuard(us), Aluuart, Aluard[us], Awart - could represent Old English \'c6
lfweard or Old English \'c6thelweard, or even Old Danish Halwarth: von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p
p. 155-57, under Al-weard, and see also p. 142, under Al-. JRM followed von Feilitzen in keeping to the base form, but preferred the second element -ward for Old English -weard, as it reflected the majority of the Domesday spellings. The printed Phillimor
e
 edition has the forms Alward, Alfward, occasionally Aethelweard, and in Yorkshire Alweard; these have now been standardized as Alward. The Alecto edition has Alweard for those appearing under Al-weard. Some of those called Alward in the present edition a
ppear under Old English \'c6lfweard in von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 181, but only because the forms in the Liber Exoniensis suggest this, or because of other evidence. Some also appear under Old English \'c6
thelweard in von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, pp. 188-89, as they do in the Alecto edition, but their Domesday forms lack the medial \--d- or -g- that JRM thought necessary for inclusion under that form.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab Alward's successors were the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 de Lega}{\cf1\insrsid335287  family,
 named from Northleigh in Devon. They held under the barony of Odcombe which originated in the land held by Ansger under the Count of Mortain: Keats-Rohan, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday People}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
, p. 147. Like Osfrith (see 5,13 Osfrith note) the Anglo-Saxon Alward managed to hold
 onto two lands, albeit as a tenant of the count, that he had held in 1066. Without a byname, it is impossible to tell whether he was the same as the Alward (or as one or more of them) who elsewhere in Domesday Cornwall had held lands that passed to the c
ount, but were held by other tenants under him in 1086.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab }{\insrsid335287 More than one survivor of this name is improbable so both 1086 holdings are likely to have been held by the same individual, who probably also held Dannonchapel (5,25,3), sandwiched between two prope
rties held by Alward in both 1066 and 1086 (JP).}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,16,1\tab [Exon 263b1]
\par \tab TREGARDOCK. This was a settlement in St Teath Ancient Parish, which was formed after the dissolution of the monasteries. It appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \'bd HIDE \'85 2 \'bd PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'A[lward] has 1 furlong and \'bd plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 2 ploughs'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,16,2\tab [Exon 263b2]
\par \tab 'CARMAR'. Exon}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  Chiemert}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , Great Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Chenmerch}{\cf1\insrsid335287 . This was a settlement in St
 Kew Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086. 'Kilmarth', the identification of }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 VCH Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , ii. part 8, p. 100 note 80, followed by }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Gazetteer}{
\cf1\insrsid335287  and the Phillimore printed translation, is another spelling for the same place. The Alecto edition has 'Carmar'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 VIRGATE \'85 1 PLOUGH, WHICH IS THERE. Exon specifies 'A[lward] has 1 furlong and \'bd plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and \'bd plough'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,17\tab ALNOTH <OF TOLGULLOW>. Ostensibly the count's subtenant Alnoth here, Ednoth in 5,18 and Alnoth in 5,19 were three different people with separate subsections, but they may in fact be the same person or only two different}{
\insrsid335287  }{\cf1\insrsid335287 people. The forms }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Alnodus}{\cf1\insrsid335287  and }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Ednodus}{\cf1\insrsid335287  may represent the different Old English names }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 \'c6lfnoth}{
\cf1\insrsid335287  and}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  Eadnoth}{\cf1\insrsid335287  or they may both represent the Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Ealdnoth}{\cf1\insrsid335287 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book
}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , pp. 149-50, 233, 241; see DEV 14,3 Alnoth note. Confusion in the name(s) is evident between Exon and Great Domesday: in DEV 14,3 three lands of Earl Hugh had been held by }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Alnodus}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
, but in the corresponding entries in Exon one is called }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Ednodus}{\cf1\insrsid335287  and the other two }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Alnodus}{\cf1\insrsid335287 . In Domesday Somerset an Alnoth is called the constable (}{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 stalro}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ) in Exon (SOM 39,1), but is the same person as Ednoth: SOM 18,1 Ednoth note; SOM 39,1 Alnoth note. However, Alnoth/Ednoth the constable died in the summer of 1068 (Bates, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 
Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , no. 11, p. 126), so he cannot be the count's subtenant in Cornwall. Circumstantial or other evidence would be needed to prove that the holders of these three sub-fiefs were one and the same.}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab In the manuscript of Great Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Alnod }{\cf1\insrsid335287 (5,17) is written in larger capitals, lined through in red and with red round the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 A}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ,}{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\cf1\insrsid335287 as is generally the case with the first entry of a new subtenant in chapter 5: CON 5 arrangement note. However, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Ednod }{\cf1\insrsid335287 (5,18) and }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Alnod }{
\cf1\insrsid335287 (5,19) are not written larger or lined through in red, though the initials are still surrounded in red, as is usually the case for the 1086 holder in 
second and subsequent entries of a subsection of chapter 5. Moreover, the main scribe only included 'from the count' in 5,17,1 and he left no space before 5,18 and 5,19. Yet he may have been aware that the Alnoth of 5,17,3 and 5,17,4 might not the same pe
rson as the Alnoth of 5,17,1-2 because he gave his name in full; see CON 5 arrangement note. The different spellings of his name in the Exon entries corresponding to 5,17,3-4 might be the cause of this: Exon has }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Alnod}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 us}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ]}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\cf1\insrsid335287 for 5,17,1-2 and 5,19,1, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Ailnod}{\cf1\insrsid335287 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 us}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ] for 5,17,3, }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Alnoth }{\cf1\insrsid335287 for 5,17,4 and }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Ednoth }{\cf1\insrsid335287 for 5,18,1. There is a change of hundred at 5,17,3, a change of folio and scribe for 5,17,4.
\par \tab \tab This note replaces that in the Phillimore printed edition.
\par \tab \tab }{\insrsid335287 The six pre-Conquest holdings of an Alnoth not in the hand
s of Alnoth <of Tolgullow> are distributed through most of the length of the county, from Trescowe to Dizzard, so any of these could have been held by him. Those held by him at both dates were in the south of the county, however, where no other pre-Conque
st holdings of an Alnoth were located.}{\b\insrsid335287  }{\insrsid335287 See also Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid335287 Domesday People}{\insrsid335287 , p. 137 (JP).}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,17,1\tab [Exon 225a2]
\par \tab TOLGULLOW. This was a settlement in Gwennap Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Winnianton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab TAX FOR 2 FURLONGS \'85 1 \'bd PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'A[lnoth] has 1 furlong and 1 plough in lordship and the villagers [have] 1 furlong and \'bd
 plough'. Here it would seem that the manor paid tax on the full amount of land; see 1,2 hides note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,17,2\tab [Exon 225a3]
\par \tab TRESCOWE. This was a settlement in Breage Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Winnianton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab TAX FOR 1 FURLONG \'85 1 PLOUGH THERE. Exon specifies 'A[lnoth] has the third part of a furlong and 1 ox in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 1 plough'. The }{\insrsid335287 
main scribe of Great Domesday probably discounted the ox; see 4,13 plough note.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,17,3\tab [Exon 243a2]
\par \tab DIZZARD. This was a settlement in St Gennys Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086. Another part is held by Iovin from the Count of Mortain (5,7,10).}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 VIRGATE \'85 \'bd PLOUGH THERE. Exon specifies 'Alnoth \'85 has \'bd acre and \'bd plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 1 ox in a plough'. The }{\insrsid335287 main scribe of Great Domesday proba
bly discounted the ox; see 4,13 plough note.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,17,4\tab [Exon 245b3]}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab TREHUDRETH. Exon }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Trenidered}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ; Great Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Trewderet}{\cf1\insrsid335287 . The }{\insrsid335287 main scribe of Great Domesday may have misread the }{
\i\insrsid335287 ni}{\insrsid335287  in Exon as a }{\i\insrsid335287 w}{\insrsid335287 , but it is more likely that he corrected the Exon form: the Exon scribe also gave an unusual spelling of Merleswein (}{\i\insrsid335287 Marlesuin}{\insrsid335287 [}{
\i\insrsid335287 us}{\insrsid335287 ]: }{\cf1\insrsid335287 von Feilitzen, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. }{\insrsid335287 326) and made other errors in this entry (see 5,17,4 plough
 note). For another unusual spelling for a }{\i\insrsid335287 T.R.E.}{\insrsid335287  tenant written by the same scribe, see 5,3,6 Aelfric note.
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab Trehudreth was a settlement in Blisland Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086. On the identification, see Pounds, 'Domesday Manors of Cornwall', p. 463. }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Gazetteer
}{\cf1\insrsid335287  left the place unidentified as }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Trewderet}{\cf1\insrsid335287 . The Alecto edition has Trehudreth.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab MERLESWEIN [* THE SHERIFF *]. See 5,1,1 Merleswein note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 PLOUGH THERE. The order of the details in this entry in Exon are unusual. After the subtenant's name the Exon scribe wrote 'A[lnoth] has 2 cows (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 vacae}{\cf1\insrsid335287  in error for }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 vacas}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ) and 15 sheep and the villagers [have] the rest of the land'; the cows and sheep are
 thus in the place normally occupied by the lordship plough and land (compare 5,5,1). He continued 'A[lnoth] has there 2 villagers and 4 smallholders and 1 plough'. It is therefore not clear whether the plough was in lordship or it was held by the 'villag
ers'. The lordship land is presumably also missing in view of the phrase 'rest of the land'. There are deficiencies in another entry by this scribe here; see 5,18,1 acre note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,18\tab EDNOTH <OF PENGELLY>. On the possibility that this tenant of the Count 
of Mortain is the same as the Alnoth of 5,17 and the Alnoth of 5,19, see 5,17 Alnoth note. On the identification with Ednoth <of Pengelly>, see JP's note at 5,6 4.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,18,1\tab [Exon 245a3]}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab PENGELLY. This was a settlement in Linkinhorne Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Rillaton Hundred in 1086.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 ACRE. Exon specifies 'E[dnoth] has there the fourth part of 1 furlong and 2 oxen in lordship'. There is no mention of any land or oxen held by the villagers; see 5,2,16 ploughs note and compare 5,17,4 plough note. The }{
\insrsid335287 main scribe of Great Domesday probably omitted the 2 oxen in error (see 4,13 plough note) or he may have wanted to check the deficiencies in this Exon entry.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,19\tab ALNOTH <OF WOOLSTON>. On the possibility that this tenant of the Count of Mortain is the same as the Alnoth of 5,17 and the Alnoth of 5,19, see 5,17 Alnoth note.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab }{\insrsid335287 With the exception of Boynton (5,5,4) and the holdings of Alnoth <of Tolgullow>, the properties held by an Alnoth before the Conquest all clustered to the south of Wo
olston, suggesting a link which there is unfortunately no means of verifying.}{\b\insrsid335287  }{\insrsid335287 See also Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid335287 Domesday People}{\insrsid335287 , p. 137 (JP).}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,19,1\tab [Exon 263b3]
\par \tab WOOLSTON. This was a settlement in St Ive Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Rillaton Hundred in 1086. For a possible connection with Tavistock Abbey, see CON 3 Tavistock note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 VIRGATE \'85 1 PLOUGH, WHICH IS THERE. Exon specifies 'A[lnoth] has 1 furlong and \'bd plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and \'bd plough'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,20\tab [HOLDING OF ALRIC <OF LANWARNICK> UNDER COUNT ROBERT OF MORTAIN]. }{\insrsid335287 The Domesday forms of the name-form Alric - }{\i\insrsid335287 Alric}{\insrsid335287 (}{\i\insrsid335287 us}{\insrsid335287 )}{
\i\insrsid335287 , Elric}{\insrsid335287 (}{\i\insrsid335287 us}{\insrsid335287 )}{\i\insrsid335287 , Aelric}{\insrsid335287 (}{\i\insrsid335287 us}{\insrsid335287 )}{\i\insrsid335287 , Alrich, Alrist}{\insrsid335287 
 (a scribal error) - could represent Old English }{\i\insrsid335287 \'c6thelric}{\insrsid335287  or Old English }{\i\insrsid335287 \'c6lfric}{\insrsid335287 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid335287 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid335287 
, pp. 150-51, under }{\i\insrsid335287 Al-ric}{\insrsid335287 , and see also p. 142, under }{\i\insrsid335287 Al-}{\insrsid335287 
. JRM followed von Feilitzen in keeping to the base form, as does the Alecto edition. However, occasionally some of the people here rendered Alric appe
ar in certain Phillimore printed translations as Aelfric or Aethelric, but their name-forms do not include the }{\i\insrsid335287 -u-}{\insrsid335287  or }{\i\insrsid335287 -f-}{\insrsid335287  required by JRM for inclusion under Aelfric, or the }{
\i\insrsid335287 -d-}{\insrsid335287  or }{\i\insrsid335287 -g-}{\insrsid335287  required by him for inclusion under Aethelric.
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab The repeat of Alric's name in full by the }{\insrsid335287 
main scribe of Great Domesday in the second entry in this subsection might suggest that he was unsure whether he was the same as the Alric in 5,20,1; see CON 5 arrangement note.
\par \tab \tab The four 1066 holdings of Alric in the hands of Osfrith (5,13,1;12) and Reginald of Vautortes (5,2,9;32) in 1086 cluster suggestively around Lanwarnick but there are no provable links between them. See also Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid335287 
Domesday People}{\insrsid335287 , p. 138 (JP).}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,20,1\tab [Exon 231a1]}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab LANWARNICK. This was a settlement in Duloe Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Fawton Hundred in 1086.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab Almost all of the place-name }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Lanlawernec}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 was written over erasure by the main scribe of Great Domesday in a darker ink than he used for the text here. There is an erasure in the margin next to this entry which is almost certainly related to this correction; see Thorn, 'Marginal Notes and Signs'
, p. 126 (= }{\insrsid335287 Erskine and Williams, }{\i\insrsid335287 The Story of Domesday Book}{\insrsid335287 , p. 191).}{\cf1\insrsid335287  The scribe had obviously written the wrong place-name here, a shorter one as the last four letters of }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Lanlawernec}{\cf1\insrsid335287  are not over the erasure; he used an identical ink for another correctio
n here (5,24,4 ploughs note). The correction was done before Cornwall was rubricated, but no doubt as a result of an initial check of Exon.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 VIRGATE \'85 \'bd PLOUGH THERE \'85 2 VILLAGERS AND 3 SMALLHOLDERS. Exon specifies 'A[lric] has \'bd furlong and 2 oxen in l
ordship. A[lric] has there 2 villagers who have the rest of the land and 2 oxen. A[lric] has 3 smallholders and 1 slave ... '. The inclusion of the number of villagers (in their specific meaning) before the land and oxen (rather than the land and oxen asc
ribed to 'villagers' in their general meaning, preceding the details of villagers, smallholders etc.) was almost certainly because of the separation of villagers with land and oxen from smallholders without them; see 4,4 villagers note.}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,20,2\tab [Exon 231a3]
\par \tab DRAYNES. This was a settlement in St Neot Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Fawton Hundred in 1086. Another portion of Draynes was held by Wulfsi (5,24,1).}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 FURLONG \'85 \'bd PLOUGH THERE. Exon specifies 'A[lric] has the third part of 1 furlong and 1 ox in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 4 oxen'. The }{\insrsid335287 
main scribe of Great Domesday probably discounted the ox; see 4,13 plough note.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,21\tab 
[HOLDING OF ALSI [* THE MASON *] UNDER COUNT ROBERT OF MORTAIN]. He was possibly the father of Bernard the scribe (a royal scribe, active in the 1120s) and had two other sons called Nicholas and Jordan. Alsi was a master-builder to the canons of St Stephe
n's of Launceston (4,2): Williams, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 The English and the Norman Conquest}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , pp. 122-23; Keats-Rohan, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday People}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 139.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,21,1\tab [Exon 234a1]
\par \tab "TRELAMAR".}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\cf1\insrsid335287 This holding is the first in a group of places in Fawton Hundred at the beginning of quire 3c in Exon; see CON 5 arrangement note. }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 identified the place as Tremar, as did Maxwell, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Settlements of Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , although the early spellings of Tremar are incompatible with }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Trelamar}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 (Great Domesday and Exon). The Alecto edition has \'93Trelamar\'94.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,22\tab [HOLDING OF ALMER UNDER COUNT ROBERT OF MORTAIN]. There are five other occurrences of the name-form Almer in Domesday Cornwall, but all are }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 T.R.E.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 holders who did not retain their lands in 1086 and there is no reason to connect them with the count's tenant.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,22,1\tab [Exon 231b1]
\par \tab CABILLA. This was a settlement in Cardinham Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Fawton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 3 VIRGATES \'85 1 PLOUGH THERE. Exon specifies 'A[lmer] has \'bd furlong in lordship and the villagers have the rest of the land and 1 plough'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,23\tab [HOLDING OF BRICTRIC [* THE CORNISHMAN *] UNDER COUNT ROBERT OF MORTAIN]. He is possibly to be identified as the uncle of Bernard the scribe (see 5,21 Alsi note and 5,24,18 Bernard note) and therefore proba
bly brother of Alsi (5,21 Alsi note). This man is probably the Brictric described as }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Walensis}{\cf1\insrsid335287  ('Welsh' or 'Cornish'). A less likely possibility is Brictric son of Algar: Finn, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 
Liber Exoniensis}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 78. See Soulsby, 'Introduction', }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Cornwall Domesday}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 12; Williams, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 The English and the Norman Conquest}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
, pp. 122-23; Keats-Rohan, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday People}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 170.
\par \tab \tab By his repeat of the name }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Brictric}{\cf1\insrsid335287  rather than using }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Idem tenet}{\cf1\insrsid335287  ('the same man/ he also holds') for 5,23,3-5, the }{\insrsid335287 
main scribe of Great Domesday might be indi
cating his lack of conviction that the same Brictric held all the subtenancies in 5,23. In Exon only the first two entries are together: that corresponding to 5,23,3 is in a different hundred and quire, that for 5,23,4 is on another folio and that for 5,2
3,5 is in a different quire and hundred. It is thus possible that two or more of the identifications suggested above are correct.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,23,1\tab [Exon 242a3]}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab LESNEWTH. This was an Ancient Parish. The settlement appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086. The name (Great Domesday and Exon }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Lisniwen}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ) is Old Cornish }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 
lys}{\cf1\insrsid335287  and }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 nowydh}{\cf1\insrsid335287  ('new court'): Padel, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Cornish Place-Names}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
, p. 109. It was probably a Cornish central place; one of the later subdivisions of Stratton Hundred was named after it: \{Introduction: Hundreds\}.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 VIRGATE \'85 1 PLOUGH THERE. Exon specifies 'He (Brictric) has \'bd virgate and \'bd plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 3 oxen in a plough'.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab Unless there were 6 oxen in this plough-team (5,2,19 plough note), the }{\insrsid335287 main scribe of Great Domesday rounded up the 3 oxen to four.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab VALUE 10s. }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Modo }{\cf1\insrsid335287 ('now') was omitted in error by the }{\insrsid335287 
main scribe of Great Domesday, perhaps because of his policy of reversing the 1086 and 'former' values when editing Exon: there was no need for 'now' in Exon because it came first.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,23,2\tab [Exon 242b1]
\par \tab TREGOLE?. This was a settlement in Poundstock Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086 according to the order of Exon. }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Tregal}{\cf1\insrsid335287  (Great Domesday and Ex
on) is left unidentified in the Phillimore printed translation, but was identified by }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid335287  as Tregole, which was adopted by Maxwell, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Settlements of Cornwall}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 , and now by Padel (personal comment). The Alecto edition has ?Tregole. For another part, see 4,16.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab TAX FOR 1 ACRE \'85 \'bd PLOUGH THERE. Exon specifies 'Brictric \'85 has \'bd acre and \'bd plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,23,3\tab [Exon 253a1]
\par \tab TREGEAGLE?. This was a settlement in Probus Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in 'Tybesta' Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \'bd HIDE. Exon specifies 'B[rictric] has \'bd furlong in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,23,4\tab [Exon 254a3]
\par \tab TRETHURFFE. This lay in Ladock Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in 'Tybesta' Hundred in 1086. }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Tretweret}{\cf1\insrsid335287  (Great Domesday and Exon) was identified by }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Gazetteer}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 , following }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 VCH Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , ii. part 8, p. 94, as Treverras (in St Just in Roseland, SW8438) and adopted in the Phillimore printed translation and by Maxwell, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 
Domesday Settlements of Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 . Padel (personal comment) is inclined to prefer Trethurffe which was an important medieval manor and tithing that would be expected to appear in Dome
sday. He points out that Treverras, on the other hand, was part of the Bishop of Exeter's manor of Tregaire (2,3). The Alecto edition has Trethurffe. The identification of }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Tretweret }{\cf1\insrsid335287 
as Trethurffe is due to Henderson, reported in }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 VCH Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , ii. part 8, p. 103.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab VALUE NOW 5s. Exon has 'Value 3s'. The 1086 value of the preceding entry in Exon, 4 lines above (= 5,24,8) is '5s' and it is likely that the Great Domesday scribe was guilty of 'eyeskip' here and that '3s' was the correct value.}
{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,23,5\tab [Exon 255a3]
\par \tab PERRANUTHNOE. This was an Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in 'Connerton' Hundred in 1086. The Great Domesday and Exon form is }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Odenol}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 to which the saint's name Piran has been attached. The simple form survived as }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Udne Parva}{\cf1\insrsid335287  (1308) and is now the farm of Ednoe Vean (SW541297). }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Uthnoe Veer}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 (Great Uthnoe) was the name of the churchtown in 1839; see Padel, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Cornish Place-Names}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 136.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab HADEMAR. The Domesday forms of this name - }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Hademar}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Hadimar}{\cf1\insrsid335287 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 us}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ], }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Haemar}{
\cf1\insrsid335287  - most probably represent Old German }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Hathumar}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Hademar}{\cf1\insrsid335287 :}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\cf1\insrsid335287 von Feilitzen, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 
Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , pp. 281-82. The Phillimore printed translation has Haemar here, but Hademar for the other occurrences in Devon; they have now been standardized as Hademar. The Alecto edition has Hademar.}
{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab 
The name occurs four times in Domesday Book, all four holdings devolving on the Count of Mortain. They may well, therefore, have been held by a single individual before the Conquest. This was very probably the case with the three Devonshire 
holdings, which form a tight group. But the single Cornish manor is as far away from these as it could well be so it was possibly held by a different individual (JP).}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 HIDE \'85 1 \'bd PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'B[rictric] has 1 virgate and 5 oxen and th
e villagers have 1 plough'. 'In lordship' was probably omitted in error after Brictric's oxen, as elsewhere, as perhaps was also a phrase such as 'the rest of the land' before the villagers' plough. The }{\insrsid335287 
main scribe of Great Domesday probably rounded down the 5 oxen to 4 oxen to form his \'bd plough. On the probable omission of the villagers' land, see 5,2,16 ploughs note.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,24\tab [HOLDING OF OTHER MEN UNDER COUNT ROBERT OF MORTAIN]. This schedule consists of two parts, the first (5,24,1-15) containing the lan
ds of tenants with Anglo-Saxon personal names and corresponding to the chapter 'Lands of the English Thanes' that ends many Domesday counties. A number of these men were holding lands that they had held in 1066, but some had lost other of their estates an
d
 a few had gained land, assuming that these individuals were the same as others with the same name. The second part (5,24,16-25) contains the holdings of a number of minor Frenchmen, which are often included in a separate chapter in Domesday entitled 'Lan
ds of the King's Sergeants/Servants'. Many of them may have held by serjeanty: }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 VCH Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
, ii. part 8, p. 58. This subsection was probably meant to terminate the account of Robert of Mortain's fief; see CON 5 arrangement note.
\par \tab \tab When assembling this subsection the }{\insrsid335287 
main scribe of Great Domesday did not work systematically through the quires of Exon containing the count's fief in Cornwall, picking out the holdings that he had not already included, nor did he arrange the entries by hundred. On his use of capi
tals and red-lining for the individual holders, }{\cf1\insrsid335287 see CON 5 arrangement note.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,24,1\tab [Exon 232a1]}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab WULFSI <OF DRAYNES>. }{\insrsid335287 The Domesday forms of this name - }{\i\insrsid335287 Vlsi}{\insrsid335287 ,}{\i\insrsid335287  Wlsi}{\insrsid335287 , }{\i\insrsid335287 Wlsinus}{\insrsid335287 , }{\i\insrsid335287 Vlsius}{
\insrsid335287 , }{\i\insrsid335287 Vlsy}{\insrsid335287  - represent Old English }{\i\insrsid335287 Wulfsige}{\insrsid335287 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid335287 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid335287 
, pp. 424-25. JRM preferred the second element -si for Old English }{\i\insrsid335287 -sige}{\insrsid335287 , as it reflected more closely the forms found in Domesday. Wulfsige, however, appears in the Phillimore printed translations for Yorkshire 
and Lincolnshire; it has now been standardized as Wulfsi. The Alecto edition has Wulfsige.
\par \tab \tab }{\cf1\insrsid335287 Wulfsi is a not uncommon name in Domesday Book; but since two of the three Cornish holdings were held by the same man in both 1066 and 1086 (the third being nearby
) and no other Wulfsi occurs within 150 miles, it is probable that the Cornish Wulfsi's are one individual and unrelated to any others of that name. }{\insrsid335287 See also Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid335287 Domesday People}{\insrsid335287 , p. 437 (JP).}{
\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab DRAYNES. This was a settlement in St Neot Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Fawton Hundred in 1086. Another portion of Draynes was held by Alric (5,20,2).}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 2 FURLONGS \'85 1 PLOUGH THERE. Exon specifies 'W[ulfsi] has 1 furlong and \'bd plough and the villagers have 1 furlong and \'bd plough'; 'in lordship' was probably omitted in error after Wulfsi's \'bd plough, as elsewhere.}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,24,2\tab [Exon 232a2]}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab WULFSI <OF DRAYNES>. See 5,24,1 Wulfsi note.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab "TREVILIUD". In Exon this holding falls between a group of places in Fawton Hundred and a group in Stratton Hundred and so could have been in either hundred. }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
, followed by Maxwell, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Settlements of Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , identified the place as Trewidland (in Liskeard Ancient Parish), which is in Fawton Hundred, though the Domesday and Exon form makes the 
identification unlikely. Moreover, it is likely that Trewidland was a member of Liskeard manor (5,1,2) and would not be expected to appear in Domesday in its own right. The Phillimore}{\insrsid335287 
 printed translation tentatively suggests Trevilveth (in Veryan), but this is i}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
nconveniently in 'Tybesta' Hundred and was almost certainly, because of its geographical position, part of the manor of Tretheake (5,4,15). It seems safer to leave the place unidentified, as in the Alecto edition.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 2 FURLONGS \'85 1 PLOUGH THERE. Exon specifies 'W[ulfsi] has 1 furlong and \'bd plough in lordship and the villagers have 1 furlong and \'bd plough'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,24,3\tab [Exon 243a3]
\par \tab COLA <OF HELE>. A Cola, not necessarily the same person, had held other land in Cornwall in 1066 (5,3,5;8;18;23); on a possible identity, see 5,3,5 Cola note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab HELE. This was a settlement in Jacobstow Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 VIRGATE \'85 \'bd PLOUGH THERE. Exon specifies 'Cola has \'bd acre in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest o
f the land and 3 oxen in a plough'. Unless they had a 6-oxen plough-team (5,2,19 plough note), the main scribe of Great Domesday probably rounded up their 3 oxen to \'bd
 plough. The villagers would have borrowed oxen either from the lord or from a neighbouring estate to form a plough-team.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,24,4\tab [Exon 253a1]}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab LEOFNOTH <OF VERYAN>. }{\insrsid335287 The Domesday forms of this name - }{\i\insrsid335287 Leuenot}{\insrsid335287 , }{\i\insrsid335287 Leuenod}{\insrsid335287 , }{\i\insrsid335287 Leueno}{\insrsid335287 
 - represent Old English }{\i\insrsid335287 Leofnoth}{\insrsid335287 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid335287 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid335287 , p. 313. The Alecto edition has Leofnoth. }{\cf1\insrsid335287 Round in }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 VCH Northamptonshire}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , i. p. 290, suggested that this Leofnoth might be the important thane of Edward the Confessor.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab No other tenant of this name held land in Cornwall at either date, and no survivors of this name held land in the south of England with the single exception of one estate in Sussex (SUS 12,26). }{\insrsid335287 
See also Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid335287 Domesday People}{\insrsid335287 , p. 290 (JP).}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab ELERKEY. The Domesday and Exon form is }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Elerchi}{\cf1\insrsid335287  and it is represented by Elerkey, a settlement in Veryan Ancient Parish, and it appears to have lain in 'Tybesta' Hundred in 1086. }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Elerchi}{\cf1\insrsid335287  no doubt stood for Veryan, which is the identification printed in }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , the Phillimore translation and Maxwell, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 
Domesday Settlements of Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 . The difference in identification is not one of substance. The Alecto edition has Elerkey.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab The main scribe of Great Domesday originally wrote }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 ELERCH}{\cf1\insrsid335287  for the place-name, then later added }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 I}{\cf1\insrsid335287  over the original }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 punctus}{\cf1\insrsid335287  after the place-name, probably after he had rubricated this county as there is no red on the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 I }{\cf1\insrsid335287 
in the manuscript (though it appears on it in both the Ordnance Survey and Alecto facsimiles). He used the same darker ink that he used for the correction to the 5 ploughs here (see 5,24,4 ploughs note) }{\insrsid335287 and for the insertion of }{
\i\insrsid335287 Lanlawernec}{\insrsid335287  on folio 124c (see 5,20,1 Lanwarnick note).}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab MERLESWEIN [* THE SHERIFF *]. See 5,1,1 Merleswein note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 4 HIDES \'85 5 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'Leofnoth \'85 has 1 hide and 1 plough in lordship and the villagers [have] 3 hides and 4 ploughs'. The }{\insrsid335287 main scribe of Great Domesday corrected the }{\i\insrsid335287 
car' }{\insrsid335287 over erasure and probably overwrote the }{\i\insrsid335287 v }{\insrsid335287 of '5 ploughs', using the same darker ink that he had used for the }{\i\insrsid335287 I }{\insrsid335287 added to the place-name 
(see 5,24,4 Elerkey note) and for the insertion of }{\i\insrsid335287 Lanlawernec}{\insrsid335287  on folio 124c (see 5,20,1 Lanwarnick note). The erasure in the margin next to this line is almost certainly related to this correction.}{\insrsid335287 

\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,24,5\tab [Exon 264a3]
\par \tab LEOFNOTH <OF VERYAN>. See 5,24,4 Leofnoth note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab HALVANA?. Exon }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 hirmeneu}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ; Great Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Ermenhev}{\cf1\insrsid335287 .}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\cf1\insrsid335287 
If correctly identified, this was a settlement in Altarnun Ancient Parish. It was later in Stratton Hundred, but it is a border place and probably in Rillaton in 1086 according to the order of Exon; see 3,4 Trewornan note and 5,26,1 Trewint note.}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 VIRGATE \'85 \'bd PLOUGH THERE. Exon specifies 'L[eofnoth] has \'bd virgate and \'bd plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,24,6\tab [Exon 262b1]
\par \tab WULFWARD <OF RINSEY>. He holds what appears to be another part of Rinsey, a member of the royal manor of Winnianton; see 1,1 Wulfward \'85 Rinsey note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab RINSEY?. Great Domesday and Exon }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Rentin}{\cf1\insrsid335287 . The Exon entry begins 'The count has 1 furlong }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 In rentin}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
' in place of 'The count has a manor which is called \'85'. The capital }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 I}{\cf1\insrsid335287  and the lower-case }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 r}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 may have been in the Exon scribe's source and he may have initially thought that the place was }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Inrentin}{\cf1\insrsid335287 : he left only a small space between the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 n}{\cf1\insrsid335287  and the }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 r}{\cf1\insrsid335287 .}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab }{\cf1\insrsid335287 If c
orrectly identified, this was a settlement in Breage Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Winnianton Hundred in 1086. However, the identity is uncertain. Elsewhere in the order of Exon Rinsey is included among places in Winnianton Hundred, but at 26
2
b1 it occurs after an erased entry, before which was another holding whose identification is not sure but which might have been in Stratton Hundred (see 5,1,21 Hennett? note). The entry after it (= 5,24,25) was in Stratton Hundred. If it is Rinsey, two ot
her parts are included under Winnianton manor at 1,1.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab VALUE 5s. Exon has 'It pays (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 reddit}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ) 5s'; see 2,3 value note. The reason for the omission of the former value by the }{\insrsid335287 
main scribe of Great Domesday may be connected with his policy of reversing the order of the 1086 and 'former' values when editing Exon.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab [!1! WHEN HE ACQUIRED IT, 7s. !1!]. The subject of }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 recep}{\cf1\insrsid335287 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 it}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
] in Exon is not given, but the Count of Mortain is most probably intended as 'the count' is given in over half of similar clauses in CON 5,24. See 1,4 value note and compare 5,6,4 acquired note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,24,7\tab [Exon 261b3]
\par \tab WULFSI <OF DRAYNES>. See 5,24,1 Wulfsi note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab PENHOLE. This was a settlement in North Hill Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Rillaton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab WULFWIN <OF PENHOLE>. }{\insrsid335287 The Domesday forms of this name - }{\i\insrsid335287 Wluuin}{\insrsid335287 (}{\i\insrsid335287 us}{\insrsid335287 ), }{\i\insrsid335287 Vluuin}{\insrsid335287 (}{\i\insrsid335287 us}{
\insrsid335287 ), }{\i\insrsid335287 Vluin}{\insrsid335287 (}{\i\insrsid335287 us}{\insrsid335287 )}{\i\insrsid335287 , Oluuin}{\insrsid335287 [}{\i\insrsid335287 us}{\insrsid335287 ], }{\i\insrsid335287 Vlfuuin}{\insrsid335287 [}{\i\insrsid335287 us}{
\insrsid335287 ], }{\i\insrsid335287 Wluuine}{\insrsid335287 , }{\i\insrsid335287 Wluin}{\insrsid335287 [}{\i\insrsid335287 us}{\insrsid335287 ] etc. - represent Old English }{\i\insrsid335287 Wulfwine}{\insrsid335287 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid335287 
Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid335287 , pp. 427-28. JRM preferred the second element -win for the Old English }{\i\insrsid335287 -wine}{\insrsid335287 
. The printed Phillimore edition has the forms Wulfwin and, in Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, Wulfwine; these have now been standardized as Wulfwin. The Alecto edition has Wulfwine.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab He is }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Vluuin}{\cf1\insrsid335287 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 us}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ] here in Great Domesday. The form }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Win}{\cf1\insrsid335287 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 us}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 ] in Exon (= Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Wine}{\cf1\insrsid335287 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\cf1\insrsid335287 is apparently a short form of Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Wulfwine}{\cf1\insrsid335287 : von Feilitzen, }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 415. In 5,4,19 the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 T.R.E.}{\cf1\insrsid335287  holder of Kilminorth? was Wine, perhaps the same person.
\par \tab \tab 
The name Wulfwin occurs nine times in the south-western counties and may represent five or six individuals. The Cornish holdings [of Wine and Wulfwin] probably belonged to one individual, being modest in scale and remote from those elsewhere in circuit II
 (JP).}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,24,8\tab [Exon 254a2]
\par \tab BOSVISACK?. This was a settlement in Kenwyn Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in 'Tybesta' Hundred in 1086. }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 identified the place as Bissick, which is formally unlikely as a development of }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Beveshoc}{\cf1\insrsid335287  (Great Domesday; }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Beuesehoc}{\cf1\insrsid335287  in Exon). Maxwell, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 
Domesday Settlements of Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , adopted Bosvisack. The Alecto edition has ?'Bosvisack' [in Kenwyn].}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 VIRGATE. Exon specifies 'Wulfric \'85 has 1 furlong and 2 oxen in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land'. The }{\insrsid335287 
main scribe of Great Domesday probably omitted the 2 oxen in error as they are rather too many to discount; see 4,13 plough note.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,24,9\tab [Exon 254a4]
\par \tab DODA <OF TRELAN>. See 1,1 Doda note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab CARSELLA. This was a settlement in the Ancient Parish of St Michael Carhays, then in St Dennis Civil Parish which arose from a chapelry of St Michael Carhays. It appears to have lain in 'Tybesta' Hundred in 1086.}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,24,10\tab [Exon 254b1]}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab SHEERWOLD <OF GOT
HERS>. The name Sheerwold occurs 14 times in Domesday Book or Exon, four times as the predecessor of the Count of Mortain in Cornwall (5,24,10), Dorset (DOR 26,14;54), and Somerset (SOM 19,1). In 1086 he continued to hold Gothers from the count. The Morta
i
n manor in Somerset is adjacent to William of Mohun's manor of Leigh, held by Sheerwold in 1066; and the two Devon manors of Sheerwold held by Haimeric of Arques and Odo son of Gamelin in 1086 lay on the route from Gothers to the Mortain manors in Somerse
t
 and Dorset. It seems likely that all these properties had been held by one individual in 1066. There are no apparent links with the remaining holdings in Somerset, Gloucestershire and Wiltshire; but given the rarity of the name and its restricted distrib
ution, it is possible that all were held by the same individual in 1066. }{\insrsid335287 See also Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid335287 Domesday People}{\insrsid335287 , p. 421 (JP).
\par \tab \tab Keats-Rohan (}{\i\insrsid335287 ibidem}{\insrsid335287 ) only has one reference under plain Sireuuold, for folio 124d, the present entry.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab GOTHERS. This was a settlement in the Ancient Parish of St Michael Carhays, then in St Dennis Civil Parish which arose from a chapelry of St Michael Carhays. It appears to have lain in 'Tybesta' Hundred in 1086.}{\insrsid335287 

\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab The Great Domesday and Exon form is }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Widewot}{\cf1\insrsid335287 . The forms }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Godvos}{\cf1\insrsid335287  (1297) and }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Gothvos}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 (1302) are a regular development from }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Widewot}{\cf1\insrsid335287  (Padel, personal communication); see Henderson, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Essays in Cornish History}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
, p. 133; Pounds, 'Domesday Manors of Cornwall', p. 463.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,24,11\tab [Exon 254b2]
\par \tab GUNNAR <OF DOMELLICK>. The name Gunnar oc
curs on almost 20 holdings in Domesday Book, distributed between Cornwall and Yorkshire and acquired by or held from eleven tenants-in-chief. The tiny Cornish property was the only one held by a Gunnar from its tenant-in-chief; it was more than 100 miles 
from the closest pre-Conquest holding of a Gunnar and more than twice that distance from another 1086 tenant of that name; it was almost certainly the sole possession of this Gunnar (JP).}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab DOMELLICK. This was a settlement in the Ancient Parish of St Michael Carhays, then in St Dennis Civil Parish which arose from a chapelry of St Michael Carhays. It appears to have lain in 'Tybesta' Hundred in 1086.}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,24,12\tab [Exon 254b3]
\par \tab LANDEGEA. This was a settlement in Kea Ancient Parish which was later united with Kenwyn Ancient Parish, Kea thereafter becoming a chapelry of it. It appears to have lain in 'Tybesta' Hundred in 1086. The Great Domesday and Exon form }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Landighe}{\cf1\insrsid335287  no doubt stood for the churchtown of Old Kea, which was adopted in the Phillimore printed translation and by Maxwell, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Settlements of Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 . }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid335287  has Kea. This is not a difference of substance: Padel, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Cornish Place-Names}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 130. The Alecto edition has Landegea.
\par \tab \tab From the Tax Returns for 'Tybesta' Hundred in the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Liber Exoniensis}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 it is apparent that St Kea was a landholding church (CON 4 St Michael's note). This estate had probably belonged to it but had been stolen from it.
\par \tab \tab The church was inconveniently sited at the far end of the parish and a replacement church was opened on a new site in 1802, that building being replaced in 1895: Padel, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Cornish Place-Names}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
, p. 101; Olson, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Early Monasteries in Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 90.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 HIDE \'85 1 \'bd PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'Godwin \'85 has 1 acre and 1 plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and \'bd plough'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,24,13\tab [Exon 225a1]
\par \tab WIUHOMARCH <OF TREGOOSE>. See 1,1 Wiuhomarch note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab TUCOYSE. This was a settlement in Constantine Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Winnianton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab EDMER [* ATOR *]. See 5,2,3 Edmer note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab TAX FOR 1 FURLONG. Exon specifies 'W[iuhomarch] has \'bd furlong in lordship and the villagers [have] \'bd furlong'. Here it would seem that the manor paid tax on the full amount of land; see 1,2 hides note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 

\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,24,14\tab [Exon 245b2]
\par \tab WIUHOMARCH <OF TREGOOSE>. See 1,1 Wiuhomarch note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab TREROOSEL. This was a settlement in St Teath Ancient Parish, which was formed after the dissolution of the monasteries. It appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086. }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Gazetteer}{
\cf1\insrsid335287  identified the place as Trenance (in St Austell). For the identification as Treroosel, see Picken, 'The Manor of Tremaruustel'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab EDMER [* ATOR *]. See 5,2,3 Edmer note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\insrsid335287 \tab \{\{}{\cf1\insrsid335287 IT PAID TAX}{\insrsid335287 \}\}}{\cf1\insrsid335287 . The }{\insrsid335287 main scribe of Great Domesday wrote }{\i\insrsid335287 7 geldb'}{\insrsid335287 
 and then lined it through for deletion; the ink looks paler, but that is probably due to the line being drawn quickly. Lining-through was generally used for emphasis, but in red, not black, ink, whereas de
letion was usually done by underlining. It was probably deleted at an early stage, though it is possible that the scribe initially intended to add the amount of tax assessment in the central margin after it. However, it is not given in Exon and in alterin
g the order of the tax and hidage when editing it, he may have merely begun the tax assessment formula before he realized it was missing in Exon, and the deletion would probably thus have been immediate.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab BELONGS TO THE HONOUR OF [ST] KEW. The }{\insrsid335287 main scribe of Great Domesday almost certainly misread Exon here which has }{\i\f720\insrsid335287 H\'e6c mansio \'e7 de honore s. Chei}{\insrsid335287 
 ('This manor is [part] of the honour of St Kew'). The }{\i\insrsid335287 s}{\insrsid335287  is lower-case and has no abbreviation sign and the Exon scribe himself may have reproduced his source, as the usual abbreviation for }{\i\insrsid335287 Sancti}{
\insrsid335287  would be }{\i\insrsid335287 Sc'i}{\insrsid335287  (as in the Exon entries corresponding to 5,6.6 and 5,8,10). The }{\i\insrsid335287 s}{\insrsid335287  is also quite close to }{\i\insrsid335287 honore}{\insrsid335287 , and so the reading }
{\i\insrsid335287 ad honores Chei}{\insrsid335287  by the main scribe of Great Domesday is perhaps understandable: as }{\i\insrsid335287 est de honores}{\insrsid335287  is ungrammatical, he changed it to }{\i\insrsid335287 pertinet ad honores}{
\insrsid335287 . Moreover, the singular of Latin }{\i\insrsid335287 honor}{\insrsid335287 , as equivalent to }{\i\insrsid335287 feudum}{\insrsid335287  ('holding', 'fief'), is more common.
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab But for the removal of this land, St Kew would probably have appeared in CON 4 as a landhold
ing church. The church itself lay in St Kew parish and it is likely that it had also once held the manor of Lanow (1,4) and Poundstock and St Gennys which were removed from it: 1,4 Lanow note. The use of the present tense in both Exon and Great Domesday m
eans that St Kew still believed it was theirs, but there is no mention of this alienation in the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae}{\cf1\insrsid335287 .}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab See Fleming, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 124 no. 319.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,24,15\tab [Exon 231a2]
\par \tab "HUECHE". It is not clear what name is represented by Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Hueche }{\cf1\insrsid335287 (Exon }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Hueta}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ), which only occurs here in Domesday. Von Feilitzen, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 
Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 294, suggests it was possibly from the hypothetic Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Hw\'e6ta}{\cf1\insrsid335287  or }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Hwata}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
. The Phillimore printed translation has Hwata, but in view of the uncertainty it has been thought safer for the present edition to retain the Domesday form. The Alecto edition has Hueche.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab BODUEL. This was a settlement in Liskeard Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Fawton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 FURLONG \'85 \'bd PLOUGH THERE. Exon specifies 'H[wata] has \'bd furlong and 2 oxen in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 2 oxen'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,24,16\tab [Exon 231b2]
\par \tab RABEL <OF TREGUNNICK>. Only two individuals bear this name in Domesday Book, the other being Rabel the engineer (NFK 55. 1,61. 66,101-102). See also Keats-Rohan, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday People}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 326 (JP).}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab TREGUNNICK. This was a settlement in Lanreath Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Fawton Hundred in 1086. }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 identified the place as Trevego. The Alecto edition has Tregunnick.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,24,17\tab [Exon 238b3]
\par \tab RABEL <OF TREGUNNICK>. See 5,24,16 Rabel note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab PENGOLD. This was a settlement in St Gennys Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab ALSI [!1! IOHOLT !1!]. }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Ailsi Ioholt}{\cf1\insrsid335287  in Exon; the first letter of his byname is not a capital }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 L}{\cf1\insrsid335287  (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 pace}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 , Tengvik, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Old English Bynames}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , pp. 46, 126), but a capital }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 I}{\cf1\insrsid335287 : it is identical with the first letter of the tenant }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Ioin}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 us}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ) and quite different from that of }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Lisart }{\cf1\insrsid335287 in the Exon entry above (= 5,7,10). The Exon scribe might have misread a lower-case }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 l}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , however. Von Feilitzen, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 187, read it as }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 l}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
, and it appears as such in the Exon. Notes to the Phillimore printed edition. Tengvik (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 ibidem}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ) implies it is a lost place-name, but there is no }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 de}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 before it here and Alsi Ioholt as such occurs nowhere else in Domesday Book. }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Ioholt}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 is more likely to be a personal name rather than a place-name ('son of' perhaps omitted, as occasionally elsewhere in Domesday); if so, the name has not so far been identified.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 4 SMALLHOLDERS HAVE 1 PLOUGH. Exon has 'R[abel] has there 4 smallholders who have 1 plough'; unusually the ploughs of the 'villagers' is not given after the subtenant, but probably not because there was no land holding.}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab VALUE FORMERLY AND NOW 5s. Exon has 'This [manor] pays (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 reddit}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ) 10s and when he acquired it, as much'. On the use of }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 reddit}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , in place of }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 valet}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , see 2,3 value note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,24,18\tab [Exon 244b1]}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab BERNARD THE PRIEST. Possibly the man later known as Bernard the scribe who was in royal service in the 1120s; see 5,21 Alsi note and 5,23 Brictric note. A Be
rnard the priest is mentioned in connection with Launceston Castle in 1127 and may have held a prebend there; see }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
, ii. p. 206 no. 1486. If Bernard the priest here is the same man as Bernard the scribe, then he and his brother Jordan were benefactors of Merton Priory, in whose register some of the holdings of his uncle Brictric can be identified; see Williams, }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 The English and the Norman Conquest}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , pp. 122-23; }{\insrsid335287 Heales, }{\i\insrsid335287 Records of Merton Priory}{\insrsid335287 , pp. 8-11; Round, 'Bernard, the King's Scribe'.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 
TACKBEAR. Like Borough (5,11,6) this was a settlement in the Cornish part of Bridgerule Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086. Bridgerule itself was in Devon, but the parish was divided between Devon and Cornwall
 until 1844 when the Cornish part was transferred to Devon. The 1086 boundary was probably the Tamar: }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Place-Names of Devon}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 135.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 2 FURLONGS \'85 1 PLOUGH, WHICH IS THERE. Exon specifies 'B[ernard] has the fourth part of 1 furlong and 1 plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,24,19\tab [Exon 231b4]}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab HUMPHREY <OF WIGGINGTON}{\b\cf1\insrsid335287 >}{\cf1\insrsid335287 . The distribution of unidentified tenants named Humphrey is skewed in the extreme. In Great Domesday only five tenants-in-chief subinfeudated more than a s
ingle holding to a tenant of that name who cannot plausibly be identified from documentary sources: the Bishop of Coutances (2), Odo of Bayeux (2), the Bishop of London (2), William son of Stur (3), and the Count of Mortain (23). The Count of Mortain evid
e
ntly did not have 23 tenants named Humphrey and may have had only one. The distribution of the Mortain tenants makes this a possibility. In three counties - Buckingham, Cornwall, and Northamptonshire - all Humphreys were Mortain tenants; and in the remain
ing four counties with Mortain tenants named Humphrey, their distribution was distinct from that of other tenants of the same name. }{\insrsid335287 See also Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid335287 Domesday People}{\insrsid335287 , p. 276 (JP).}{\insrsid335287 

\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab TREVILLIS. This was a settlement in St Pinnock Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Fawton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \'bd HIDE. Exon specifies 'H[umphrey] has \'bd virgate in lordship and the villagers have the rest of the land'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,24,20\tab [Exon 252b3]
\par \tab SIBERT. }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Seibert}{\cf1\insrsid335287 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 us}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ] in Exon and Great Domesday. }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Sei-}{\cf1\insrsid335287  normally produces names beginning with Old English }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Sig}{\cf1\insrsid335287 (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 e}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ) ('victory'): von Feilitzen, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 360; }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 -bert}{
\cf1\insrsid335287  can represent either Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 -beorht}{\cf1\insrsid335287  or Old German }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 \endash bert}{\cf1\insrsid335287 : }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 ibidem}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
, pp. 193, 201. JRM preferred the first element Si- for the Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Sige-}{\cf1\insrsid335287  and -bert for the Old English -}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 beorht}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
, as they reflected the Domesday spelling, hence the rendering Sibert in the Phillimore printed edition and here. The Alecto edition has Seibert. Although Forssner, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Continental-Germanic Personal Names}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
, p. 224, mentions Old German }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Sigibert}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Sibert}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , which is 'not to be distinguished from native }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Sibert}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
' deriving from Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Sigebeorht}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , he does not refer to this Domesday tenant. In the seventh century there were three kings called Sigeberht, one of the East Angles and two of the East Saxons: }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Handbook of British Chronology}{\cf1\insrsid335287 .}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab This is the only occurrence of this name in Domesday Book (JP).}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab HELLAND. This was an Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in 'Tybesta' Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab AELMER. See 5,9,4 Aelmer note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 VIRGATE \'85 1 PLOUGH THERE. Exon specifies 'Sibert \'85 has 1 acre in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 1 plough'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,24,21\tab [Exon 253a2]}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab FRAWIN [* OF CORNWALL *]. He is perhaps to be identified with the Frawin of Cornwall who occurs in Pipe Roll 31 Henry I, p. 160 (Keats-Rohan, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday People}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
, p. 199), unless that person was his son. He may also be the same as the Frawin who held 1 hide in Alton in WIL 68,18: WIL 68 contains the miscellaneous holdings of the king's sergeants, though Frawin as a subholder may not be one.}{\insrsid335287 

\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab Frawin occurs on seven holdings distributed between Cornwall and Sussex, and on an eighth occasion as Frawin of Kirtling among a 
list of Cambridgeshire jurors. Despite the dispersed nature of these references, it is likely that seven, if not all eight, refer to one individual. A Frawin appears both as a thane with a modest holding on one of the Count of Mortain's manors in Devon in
 
1066 (DEV 15,47 thanes note) and as one of his tenants in Cornwall in 1086 (5,24,21). Given the rarity of the name, it is improbable that two individuals are involved, a significant point since it establishes the likelihood that the Frawins of 1066 and 10
8
6 do, in fact, represent the same name. This makes it likely that the Frawin with a modest holding in Wiltshire in 1086 (WIL 68,18) is the same man since two survivors with such a rare name is an implausible scenario. It is perhaps relevant that this hold
i
ng is adjacent to two of the properties of the Count of Mortain (WIL 20,1-2). If these deductions are correct, then the three remaining holdings of Frawin in 1066 are likely to have been held by the same individual. It is perhaps unlikely that a man who m
ay have become sheriff of Cornwall in the reign of Henry I (Keats Rohan, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday People}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
, p. 199) was also a juror in Cambridgeshire in 1086; but even this cannot be confidently ruled out since, as already noted, the survival of two Anglo-Saxons with a rare
 name is statistically improbable, the survival of three such even more so. Moreover, a man who lost one inheritance, built the nucleus of another in two different and widely separated areas, and prospered to the extent that he or his descendant could off
er 300 gold marks for the recovery of his lands, was clearly a man who himself about (JP)}{\insrsid335287 .}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab TREGONY. This was an Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in 'Tybesta' Hundred in 1086. The Great Domesday form is }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Trelingan}{\cf1\insrsid335287  (Exon }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Treligani}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 , which seems more accurate). }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid335287  identified the place as Treluggan (in Gerrans). The Alecto edition has Tregony.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab One }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 pertica}{\cf1\insrsid335287  in Tregony and half a }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 pertica}{\cf1\insrsid335287  in Trerice (5,7,11) were granted in 1049 by King Edward to Eadulf his faithful servant (}{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 minister}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ): Sawyer, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , no. 1019; }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Early Charters of Devon and Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 19 no. 97; Hooke, }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Charter Bounds of Devon and Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 64.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 HIDE \'85 2 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'Frawin \'85 has 1 virgate and 1 plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 1 plough'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,24,22\tab [Exon 230b4]
\par \tab ANDREW [* OF VITRE *]. Possibly Andrew de Vitr\'e9 (from Vitr\'e9 in the department of Ille-et-Vilaine, France (arrondissement Rennes) who was son of Robert I de Vitr\'e9
 and Bertha de Craon. Andrew married Agnes, the daughter of Count Robert of Mortain: Keats-Rohan, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday People}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 151.
\par \tab \tab The name Andrew occurs in only three, widely separated, counties in Domesday Book, so it is probabl
e that the three occurrences in Cornwall (1,1. 5,24,22-23) refer to the same individual. The Andrew in BUK 17,25 and SUF 8,11 held from different tenants-in-chief and are likely to be separate individuals (JP).}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab POLSCOE. This was a settlement in St Winnow Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Fawton Hundred in 1086. Another portion was held by Richard from the Count of Mortain (5,3,2).}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 VIRGATE \'85 \'bd PLOUGH THERE. Exon has 'The villagers have the whole of that land and \'bd plough'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,24,23\tab [Exon 237b1]
\par \tab ANDREW [* OF VITRE]. He might have been Andrew de Vitr\'e9: 5,24,22 Andrew note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab "CARBIHAN". The identity is unsure. Carvean (in Probus Ancient Parish) was adopted as a possible identification in the Phillimore printed translation, as also by Maxwell, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Settlements of Cornwall}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 . However, Carvean lay in 'Tybesta' Hundred, but Exon places }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Carbihan }{\cf1\insrsid335287 in a group of places in Stratton Hundred. }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 identified the place as }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Carbihan}{\cf1\insrsid335287  (lost in St Minver). The Alecto edition has \'93Carbihan\'94.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab "MERKEN". Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Merken}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , Exon }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Merhen}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , may represent Old Breton }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Merchion}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 
 Merhon}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\cf1\insrsid335287 or Old Welsh }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Merchiaun}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  Merchion}{\cf1\insrsid335287 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 
Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 327. In view of the uncertainty, it has been decided for the present edition
 to retain the Domesday spelling, as in the Phillimore printed edition (though without italics). The Alecto edition has Merken. This is the only occurrence of this name in Domesday.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 4 ACRES \'85 2 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'Andrew \'85 has \'bd furlong and 1 \'bd ploughs in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and \'bd plough'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,24,24\tab [Exon 255b3]
\par \tab 
RALPH [* OF POMEROY *]. The Ralph holding Whitstone from the Count of Mortain was the only tenant of that name in Cornwall. It is possible, even likely, that he was Ralph of Pomeroy who held an estate just across the border in Devon in which the count had
 taken an unwelcome interest (DEV 34,2) and who held another estate from the count in the county (DEV 15,66), the only Ralph to do so. Ralph was a major landowner in Devon, half-a-dozen of his holdings clustering near Whitstone (JP).}{\cf1\insrsid335287 

\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab WHITSTONE. This was a
n Ancient Parish and appears geographically to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086. In Exon (255 b 3) it is at the end of a group of places in 'Connerton' Hundred and before a group in Rillaton Hundred. Parts of Whitstone were transferred to Bridgerule 
Civil Parish and to Pyworthy Civil Parish (Devon) in 1966.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \'bd PLOUGH. Exon has an unusual formula here: 'In it (manor) is \'bd plough', the phrasing 'In it is' being normally reserved for the hidage, so this is perhaps an error. 'In lordship' was probably omi
tted (as elsewhere) because no 'villagers' were recorded.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 40 [SHEEP]. The Exon scribe wrote }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 pues}{\cf1\insrsid335287  instead of }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 oues}{\cf1\insrsid335287 .}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,24,25\tab [Exon 262b2]
\par \tab TREDWEN. This was a settlement in Davidstow Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab BRICTMER <OF RILLATON>. See 5,1,8 Brictmer note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 VIRGATE \'85 2 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'Heldric \'85 has \'bd furlong and 1 plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 1 plough'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,25\tab [HOLDING OF BLOHIN [!1! THE BRETON !1!] UNDER COUNT ROBERT OF MORTAIN]. He is called Blohin the Breton (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Bluhid}{\cf1\insrsid335287 (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 us}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ) }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Brito}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ) in Exon 258b3 (= 5,25,5) which is his first occurrence as a tenant in the count's fief. In the other entries in Exon (= 5,25,1-4) he is plain }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Blohin}{\cf1\insrsid335287 [}{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 us}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ]. The }{\insrsid335287 main scribe of G
reat Domesday obviously thought that the same Blohin held all five holdings, though he may briefly have passed over the first one in Exon: his record of entering the count's subtenants in the order in which they now appear in Exon is very good (5,2,30 Tre
can note).}{\cf1\insrsid335287  He does not otherwise occur in Domesday. The name Blohin is Breton and his descendants were the Bloyou family: }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 VCH Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , ii. part 8, Cornwall p. 58; Keats-Rohan, }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday People}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 168.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab His lands were entered in Exon immediately after the last entry in the previous subsection of chapter 5 (5,24,25) and the }{\insrsid335287 
main scribe of Great Domesday may not have intended them to be a separate section. However, their number suggests that they should probably have been entered after Brictric's five holdings (5,23).}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,25,1\tab [Exon 263a1]
\par \tab DELAMERE. This was a settlement in St Teath Ancient Parish, which was formed after the dissolution of the monasteries. It appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086. The Great Domesday name-form is }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Deliav }{
\cf1\insrsid335287 (Exon }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Delioau}{\cf1\insrsid335287  with the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 a }{\cf1\insrsid335287 
initially omitted and then interlined) and this survives as Deli (SX085840). The two Domesday manors (5,26,2. 5,25,1) had become differentiated by 1284. Delabole is }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Delyou Bol}{\cf1\insrsid335287  ('}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Deli}{
\cf1\insrsid335287  with a pit', probably referring to the great granite quarry) and Delamere is }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Delyoumur}{\cf1\insrsid335287  ('great Deli'): Padel, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Cornish Place-Names}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 78. }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid335287  identified the place as Delabole. The Alecto edition has Delamere.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab IOLF. The forms of his name are }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Jaul}{\cf1\insrsid335287  and }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Jaulf}{\cf1\insrsid335287  in Great Domesday (5,25,1-2), }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Iaulus}{\cf1\insrsid335287  
in the corresponding Exon entries, and probably represent the older Scandinavian hypothetical form }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Iauwulf}{\cf1\insrsid335287  of Old Norse }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Iolfr}{\cf1\insrsid335287 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 
Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 300.
\par \tab \tab These are the only occurrences of this name in Domesday Book (JP).}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \'bd HIDE \'85 2 PLOUGHS, WHICH ARE THERE. Exon specifies 'B[lohin] has an acre and a half and 1 plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 1 plough'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,25,2\tab [Exon 263a2]
\par \tab TREFREOCK. This was a settlement in Endellion Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \'bd HIDE \'85 1 PLOUGH THERE. Exon specifies 'B[lohin] has 1 virgate and 1 plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 2 oxen'. The }{\insrsid335287 main scribe of Great Domesday probab
ly missed the villagers' 2 oxen as they are rather too many to be simply discounted; see 4,13 plough note.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab VALUE NOW 10s. In the manuscript of Great Domesday it is }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 M}{\cf1\insrsid335287 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 od}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ]}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 o ual}{\cf1\insrsid335287 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 et}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 ] }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 .x. solid}{\cf1\insrsid335287 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 os}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ]; Farley omitted the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 .x}{\cf1\insrsid335287  in error.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,25,3\tab [Exon 263a3]
\par \tab DANNONCHAPEL. This was a settlement in St Teath Ancient Parish, which was formed after the dissolution of the monasteries. It appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab ALWARD <OF TREGARDOCK>. See 5,16 Alward note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \'bd HIDE \'85 1 \'bd PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'B[lohin] has 1 furlong and 1 \'bd ploughs in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,25,4\tab [Exon 263a4]
\par \tab TREWETHART. This was a settlement in St Endellion Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab AELFRIC. The form in the corresponding Exon entry, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Alfic}{\cf1\insrsid335287 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 us}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ], was accepted by von Feilitzen, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 
Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p.}{\insrsid335287  177, for Old English }{\i\insrsid335287 Aelfric}{\insrsid335287 ; the Exon scribe probably omitted the }{\i\insrsid335287 r}{\insrsid335287  after the }{
\i\insrsid335287 f}{\insrsid335287  in error.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,25,5\tab [Exon 258b3]
\par \tab 
TRUTHWALL. This was a settlement in Ludgvan Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in 'Connerton' Hundred in 1086. The identification is hardly in doubt, but it falls between groups of places in Rillaton Hundred and Stratton Hundred in Exon. As half of
 the estate at Truthwall recently removed from St Michael's by the Count of Mortain (4,1), it might not initially have been included in the Count of Mortain's fief. It was then inscribed out of order by the Exon scribe, at the end of a folio. After 1086, 
this land was granted back to the church of St Michael's Mount by the Count of Mortain in terms that suggest that it was an act of charity and piety: 4,1 Truthwall note.
\par \tab \tab See Fleming, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 124 no. 320.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab [!1! IT PAID TAX TO ST MICH
AEL'S !1!]. The main scribe of Great Domesday may have omitted this because he suspected its accuracy: in 4,1 neither of the original 2 hides of Truthwall ever paid tax and the past tense is used here of the alienated 1 hide.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 4 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'B[lohin] has there 1 plough and the villagers [have] 3 ploughs; 'in lordship' was probably omitted in error after Blohin's plough, as elsewhere.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,26\tab [HOLDING OF ROGER [* OF COURSEULLES *] UNDER COUNT ROBERT OF MORTAIN]. It is possible that this R
oger is Roger of Courseulles as he is the only Roger to appear in the Cornish folios (assuming that he is the same as the Roger who holds 1 virgate in Treninnick according to the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Terrae Occupatae}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
: 4,22 Treninnick note) and it is apparent from the Merton Cartulary that Roger of Courseulles held land in Cornwall; see Heales, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Records of Merton Priory}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , pp. 8-9; Soulsby, 'Introduction', }{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Cornwall Domesday}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 14.
\par \tab \tab }{\insrsid335287 If this Roger is Roger of Courseulles, then he was a Norman from Courseulles-sur-Mer (in the French d\'e9
partement of Calvados (arrondissement Caen, canton Creully). He received his lands from his father William and held a large fief, }{\cf1\insrsid335287 almost a hundred entries, }{\insrsid335287 in chief in Somerset (SOM 21) and }{\cf1\insrsid335287 
a single manor each in Dorset and in Wiltshire. He also held }{\insrsid335287 under Earl Roger in Shropshire. From the Exon entry }{\cf1\insrsid335287 corresponding to SOM 5,4, it is apparent that he was also known as }{\insrsid335287 Roger}{
\i\insrsid335287  Witen}{\insrsid335287  (}{\i\insrsid335287 Wytent}{\insrsid335287  in the Tax Return for the Somerset hundred of Cheddar Exon folio 76a2); see Tengvik, }{\i\insrsid335287 Old English Bynames}{\insrsid335287 , pp. 11, 146. 
This name is Old English }{\i\insrsid335287 Hwiting}{\insrsid335287 , a patronymic derived from Old English }{\i\insrsid335287 Hwita}{\insrsid335287 
 ('white') presumably used by Englishmen as a nickname for a Norman with exceptionally fair skin or white hair.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\insrsid335287 \tab \tab Many of Roger of Courseulles' holdings in Somerset were held later by the Malet family or by Hugh Poynz. Some of his lands there later formed the barony of Dundon (named from Compton Dundon in Somerset). }{\cf1\insrsid335287 
His lands in Shropshire (which may have been forfeited in 1102 after the rebellion of Earl Roger\rquote s son Robert) passed to the Pandolf barony of Wem}{\insrsid335287 . See }{\cf1\insrsid335287 Eyton, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Antiquities of Shropshire}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 , viii. p. 46, ix. p. 194; }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 VCH Shropshire}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , i. p. 298; Sanders, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 English Baronies}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 94; }{\insrsid335287 Loyd, }{\i\insrsid335287 
Some Anglo-Norman Families}{\insrsid335287 , p. 33; Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid335287 Domesday People}{\insrsid335287 , p. 403 (she does not include the folio references for this subsection of CON 5).
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab As in the case of the preceding subsection (5,25) the }{\insrsid335287 main scribe of Great Domesday should probably have included the four holdings of Roger before the miscellaneous subtenancies (5,24); see 5,25 Bloh
in note.
\par \tab }{\insrsid335287 \tab }{\cf1\insrsid335287 
This Roger is the only Mortain tenant of that name in the south-west. Indeed, the count appears to have had only one other tenant named Roger, a cleric in Sussex. Although Roger held no land elsewhere from the count, William of Courseulles, pro
bably Roger's father (}{\insrsid335287 Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid335287 Domesday People}{\insrsid335287 , pp. 403, 473),}{\cf1\insrsid335287  did hold a Mortain tenancy in Somerset (SOM 19,12) (JP).}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,26,1\tab [Exon 260b2]
\par \tab 
TREWINT. This was a settlement in Altarnun Ancient Parish and being a border place like others in this parish, it could have lain either in Rillaton Hundred or Stratton Hundred in 1086: the sequence of Exon is not clear at this point; see 3,4 Trewornan no
te; 5,24,5 Halvana? note; \{Introduction: Hundreds\}.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 VIRGATE \'85 1 PLOUGH, WHICH IS THERE. Exon specifies 'R[oger] has 1 furlong and \'bd plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and \'bd plough'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,26,2\tab [Exon 261a1]
\par \tab DELABOLE. This was a settlement in St Teath Ancient Parish, which was formed after the dissolution of the monasteries. It appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086. The Great Domesday name-form is }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Deliov}{
\cf1\insrsid335287  (Exon }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Delio}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ) and this survives as Deli (SX085840). The two Domesday manors (5,26,2. 5,25,1) had become differentiated by 1284. Delabole is }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Delyou Bol}{
\cf1\insrsid335287  ('}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Deli}{\cf1\insrsid335287  with a pit', probably referring to the great granite quarry) and Delamere is }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Delyoumur}{\cf1\insrsid335287  ('great Deli'): Padel, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 
Cornish Place-Names}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 78.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 1 HIDE \'85 1 PLOUGH THERE. Exon specifies 'R[oger] has 1 furlong and 1 plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 3 SMALLHOLDERS. Ellis misprinted }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 .vi. bord'}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ; in the Exon manuscript the first two minims of the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 .iii.}{\cf1\insrsid335287  are almost joined together, but they
 do not really look the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 v}{\cf1\insrsid335287  of this Exon scribe and the }{\insrsid335287 main scribe of Great Domesday obviously did not read the figure as }{\i\insrsid335287 .vi.}{\insrsid335287 .}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,26,3\tab [Exon 261a2]
\par \tab LEIGH. It lay in Pillaton Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Rillaton Hundred in 1086. The place was identified as Leigh (in Pillaton) by }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 and as Leigh (in Quethiock, SX3364) in the Phillimore printed translation, which is also the identification of Maxwell, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Settlements of Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 . The identification has now been revised b
y Padel (personal comment) to Leigh in Pillaton, the medieval manor of 'Leigh Durrant'. He points out that Leigh in Quethiock was part of Penpoll manor (5,2,22) and would therefore not be expected to appear separately in Domesday Book.}{
\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \'bd HIDE \'85 2 PLOUGHS THERE. Exon specifies 'R[oger] has 1 furlong and 1 plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land and 1 plough'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab [!1! 5 [***] CATTLE \'85 !1!]. In the Exon manuscript a word of four or five letters has been erased between the }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 .v.}{\cf1\insrsid335287  and }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 animal'}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
. The Exon scribe did not draw in a link-line, but it is likely that }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 .v.}{\cf1\insrsid335287  is the number of cattle.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 5,26,4\tab [Exon 261a3]
\par \tab HAMMETT. This was a settlement in Quethiock Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Rillaton Hundred in 1086.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 3 ACRES \'85 1 PLOUGH THERE. Exon specifies 'He [Roger] has half (}{\i\f720\cf1\insrsid335287 dimid' part\'e7}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ) and 1 plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land'.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 

\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 6\tab LAND OF IUDHAEL OF TOTNES. In Exon 'The Land of Iudhael in Cornwall' is written on 334b2 after his land in De
von (316a-334b1) after a space of four lines. It was written by one of the chief scribes of Exon, who did not contribute to Iudhael's Devon fief. In Exon he is only ever called plain Iudhael (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Iuhellus}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ).
\par }{\insrsid335287 \tab \tab The Domesday forms of this name - }{\i\insrsid335287 Iudhel}{\insrsid335287  (regularly abbreviated to }{\i\insrsid335287 Iu.}{\insrsid335287  in Devon), }{\i\insrsid335287 Iudhail}{\insrsid335287 , }{\i\insrsid335287 Iudhellus}
{\insrsid335287 , }{\i\insrsid335287 Iuhel}{\insrsid335287 , }{\i\insrsid335287 Iuhell}{\insrsid335287 [}{\i\insrsid335287 us}{\insrsid335287 ], }{\i\insrsid335287 Idhel}{\insrsid335287  - represent an alternative form of Old Breton }{\i\insrsid335287 
Iudicael}{\insrsid335287 , }{\i\insrsid335287 Judicael}{\insrsid335287  (Domesday forms }{\i\insrsid335287 Iudichel}{\insrsid335287 ,}{\i\insrsid335287  Iudikellus}{\insrsid335287 
 etc.), which was the name of a Breton king and of a seventh-century saint who was son of Iudhael, king of the area of north Brittany called }{\i\insrsid335287 Dumnon\'e9e}{\insrsid335287 
 (a name transferred by Cornish migrants from Dumnonia, which was a Roman and sub-Roman province occupying the area that became Devon, Cornwall and part of Somerset); see Dauzat, }{\i\insrsid335287 Dictionnaire des Noms et Pr\'e9noms de France}{
\insrsid335287 , under Juhel, J\'e9z\'e9quel; St\'e9phan, }{\i\insrsid335287 Tous Les Pr\'e9noms Bretons}{\insrsid335287 , under Jezekael. Reaney, }{\i\insrsid335287 Dictionary of British Surnames}{\insrsid335287 , under Jekyll, makes }{\i\insrsid335287 
Iudicael }{\insrsid335287 an Old Cornish as well as an Old Breton name; see also }{\i\insrsid335287 ibidem}{\insrsid335287 , under Joel; h
e does not connect the two names, but says that both were common in Devon and Cornwall and in those areas where the Bretons settled after the Conquest. In the Phillimore printed edition the two names are separated, as they are in the present edition, and,
 for the most part in the Alecto edition. For the initial letter of the above forms Farley printed }{\i\insrsid335287 J}{\insrsid335287  for the }{\i\insrsid335287 I}{\insrsid335287  of the manuscript (except in GLS W2), as he did regularly.}{
\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab Iudhael was the }{\insrsid335287 son of Alfred \lquote the Giant\rquote  and his wife was the sister of Germond of 
Picquigny. Iudhael was already established in England in 1068 in charge of the important manor of Totnes (Devon). }{\cf1\insrsid335287 Totnes was the chief seat of his fief in Devon and }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 caput }{\cf1\insrsid335287 
of the later barony. }{\insrsid335287 At Totnes he founded a priory }{\i\insrsid335287 c}{\insrsid335287 . 1082 (Knowles and Hadcock, }{\i\insrsid335287 Medieval Religious Houses}{\insrsid335287 
, pp. 57, 78) as a cell of the Abbey of Saints Serge and Bacchus in Angers, France. }{\cf1\insrsid335287 He is also styled Iudhael of Barnstaple from his later holding of that barony and as such witnessed a charter of Henry I in 1123 (}{
\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\cf1\insrsid335287 ii. no. 1391). As Iudhael son of Alfred he appears in charters concerning Totnes and Barnstaple in }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 
Monasticon Anglicanum}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , iv. p. 630 and v. p. 198. After Baldwin the sheriff (DEV 16) he was the largest landholder in Devon (DEV 17). He was dead by 1130 (in }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Pipe Roll}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
 31 Henry I, p. 153, his son Alfred appears as paying a relief on his father's lands).}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab Iudhael was expelled from Totnes in 1087 }{\insrsid335287 (perhaps for supporting the rival claims of Robert Curthose to the English throne against those of William Rufus) }{\cf1\insrsid335287 
and the barony was granted by King William II to Roger I }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 de Nonant}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287  }{\cf1\insrsid335287 
although Iudhael himself was granted the barony of Barnstaple (lands formerly held by the Bishop of Coutances; see Sanders, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 English Baronies}{\cf1\insrsid335287 , p. 104; and DEV 3 bishop note) some time between 1095 and 1100. }{
\insrsid335287 He became a monk in 1123 in the priory of St Mary Magdalene that he had established at Barnstaple c. 1107 as a dependency of the Cluniac monastery of Saint-Martin-des-Champs in Paris (Knowles and Hadcock, }{\i\insrsid335287 
Medieval Religious Houses}{\insrsid335287 , pp. 96, 98).}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\insrsid335287 \tab \tab The barony of Totnes descended in the }{\i\insrsid335287 de Nonant }{\insrsid335287 family and in 1206, during the possession of Henry }{\i\insrsid335287 de Nonant}{\insrsid335287 ,}{\i\insrsid335287  }{\insrsid335287 
it was divided, one part forming the honour of Totton or Totnes, the other part, usually called the honour of Hurberton but named from Harberton, Devon, an unnamed part of Chillington in 1086. See Round, }{\i\insrsid335287 Feudal England}{\insrsid335287 
, pp. 255-56; Williams, 'Judhael of Totnes'; Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid335287 Domesday People}{\insrsid335287 , pp. 286-87 (who is misleading in stating that Iudhael 'retired as a monk to the priory of Saint-Martin-des-Champs he had built at Barnstaple').}
{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 6,1\tab [Exon 334b2]}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab FROXTON. This was a settlement in Whitstone Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086. Exon adds that Alward held it in 1066; the }{\insrsid335287 main scribe of Great
 Domesday probably omitted this in error.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\insrsid335287 \tab PAYS TAX. Exon has 'paid tax'; the main scribe of Great Domesday probably intended this, but omitted a }{\i\insrsid335287 b}{\insrsid335287  after the }{\i\insrsid335287 d}{\insrsid335287  of }{\i\insrsid335287 geld'}{\insrsid335287 
.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab 3 FURLONGS \'85 \'bd PLOUGH THERE. Exon specifies '"T[urstin]" has \'bd furlong and \'bd plough in lordship and the villagers [have] the rest of the land'.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab UNDERWOOD. Exon has 'woodland' (}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 nemoris}{\cf1\insrsid335287 ) here; compare 5,11,2 underwood note.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\insrsid335287 7\tab 
LAND OF GOTSHELM [* BROTHER OF WALTER OF CLAVILLE *]. Gotshelm here is probably the brother of Walter of Claville; see CON 1 king note. If so, then like his brother, he may have come from one of several places in France called Claville or Clasville: Clavi
lle in the d\'e9partement of Eure (arrondissement Evreux, canton Evreux-ouest) or Claville-Motteville in the d\'e9partement of Seine-Maritime (arrondissement Rouen, canton Cl\'e8
res) or Clasville also in Seine-Maritime (arrondissement Dieppe, canton Cany-Barville); see Dauzat and Rostaing, }{\i\insrsid335287 Dictionnaire des Noms de Lieux en France}{\insrsid335287 , under }{\i\insrsid335287 Clasville}{\insrsid335287 ).}{
\i\insrsid335287  }{\insrsid335287 Tengvik, }{\i\insrsid335287 Old English Bynames}{\insrsid335287 , p. 82, seems to confuse both the d\'e9partements and the villages; see also Loyd, }{\i\insrsid335287 Some Anglo-Norman Families}{\insrsid335287 
, p. 29. Gotshelm and his brother held adjacent fiefs in Devon (DEV 24-25) and these had formed a single chapter in Exon. Their fiefs were subsequently part of the honour of Gloucester. See Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid335287 Domesday People}{\insrsid335287 
, pp. 235, 449.
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab In Cornwall in addition to this single manor, both men seem to have been managing the royal manors of 'Connerton' (1,14) and Binnerton (1,16) in 'Connerton' Hundred: CON 1 king note.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab \tab In Exon 'The Land of Gotshelm in Cornwall' is written on 397b after 'The Lands of Gotshelm and Walter in Devon' (388a-397a) and
 is succeeded (on 398a) by the single entry 'The Land of Gotshelm of Exeter' (see DEV 25,28 Gotshelm note). The scribe is one of the chief Exon scribes and he had contributed to Walter and Gotshelm's Devon lands.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 7,1\tab [Exon 397b1]
\par \tab PIGSDON. This was a settlement in Launcells Ancient Parish and appears to have lain in Stratton Hundred in 1086. It was identified as Pigsdon in Week St Mary by }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
, and as Pigsdon in Launcells in the Phillimore printed translation and by Maxwell, }{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 Domesday Settlements of Cornwall}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
. The Alecto edition has [Higher and Lower] Pigsdon, two settlements that no doubt evolved from the Domesday estate.}{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 \tab WHICH IS THERE. In the manuscript of Great Domesday this is }{\i\f720\cf1\insrsid335287 qu\'e6 ibi \'e7}{\cf1\insrsid335287 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid335287 ; }{\cf1\insrsid335287 Farley misprinted }{\i\f720\cf1\insrsid335287 q' ibi \'e7}
{\cf1\insrsid335287 ); the }{\insrsid335287 main scribe of Great Domesday used this form (a squiggle attached to the lower part of the bowl of the }{\i\insrsid335287 q}{\insrsid335287 
 and a line above it) regularly (including in 5,26,1 earlier in the column), but not here. Exon specifies 'G[otshelm] }{\cf1\insrsid335287 has 1 plough in lordship'.}{\insrsid335287 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid335287 
\par }}