{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1\deff0\stshfdbch0\stshfloch0\stshfhich0\stshfbi0\deflang1033\deflangfe1033{\fonttbl{\f0\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f1\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}Arial;}{\f2\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 02070309020205020404}Courier New;}{\f3\froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05050102010706020507}Symbol;}
{\f4\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}Helvetica;}{\f5\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 02070409020205020404}Courier{\*\falt Courier New};}{\f6\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603040505020304}Tms Rmn;}
{\f7\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202030204}Helv;}{\f8\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503060506020304}New York;}{\f9\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}System;}
{\f10\fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05000000000000000000}Wingdings;}{\f11\fmodern\fcharset128\fprq1{\*\panose 02020609040205080304}MS Mincho{\*\falt ?l?r ??\'81\'66c};}
{\f12\froman\fcharset129\fprq2{\*\panose 02030600000101010101}Batang{\*\falt \'a2\'aeE\'a1\'cbcE\'a1\'cb\'a2\'e7EcE\'a1\'cb\'a2\'e7E\'a2\'aeEcEcE\'a1\'cb\'a2\'e7E\'a2\'aeEcE\'a2\'aeE\'a1\'cbcE};}
{\f13\fnil\fcharset134\fprq2{\*\panose 02010600030101010101}SimSun{\*\falt ??????????????\'a1\'a7????????};}{\f14\fnil\fcharset136\fprq2{\*\panose 02010601000101010101}PMingLiU{\*\falt !Ps2OcuAe};}
{\f15\fmodern\fcharset128\fprq1{\*\panose 020b0609070205080204}MS Gothic{\*\falt ?l?r ?S?V?b?N};}
{\f16\fmodern\fcharset129\fprq1{\*\panose 020b0600000101010101}Dotum{\*\falt \'a1\'cb\'a2\'e7E\'a2\'aeEcE\'a2\'aeE\'a1\'cbcEcE\'a2\'aeE\'a1\'cbcE\'a1\'cb\'a2\'e7EcEcE\'a2\'aeE\'a1\'cbcE};}
{\f17\fmodern\fcharset134\fprq1{\*\panose 02010600030101010101}SimHei{\*\falt o??????????????????????????????};}{\f18\fmodern\fcharset136\fprq1{\*\panose 02010609000101010101}MingLiU{\*\falt 2OcuAe};}
{\f19\froman\fcharset128\fprq1{\*\panose 02020609040305080305}Mincho{\*\falt ??\'81\'66c};}
{\f20\froman\fcharset129\fprq1{\*\panose 020b0600000101010101}Gulim{\*\falt \'a2\'aeE\'a1\'cbcE\'a1\'cb\'a2\'e7EcE\'a1\'cb\'a2\'e7E\'a2\'aeEcEcE\'a1\'cb\'a2\'e7E\'a2\'aeEcE\'a2\'aeE\'a1\'cbcE};}
{\f21\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040604050505020304}Century;}{\f22\froman\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Angsana New;}{\f23\froman\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0304020202020204}Cordia New;}
{\f24\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000400000000000000}Mangal;}{\f25\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000400000000000000}Latha;}{\f26\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 010a0502050306030303}Sylfaen;}
{\f27\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 01010600010101010101}Vrinda;}{\f28\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000400000000000000}Raavi;}{\f29\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000400000000000000}Shruti;}
{\f30\froman\fcharset1\fprq2{\*\panose 00000400000000000000}Sendnya;}{\f31\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000400000000000000}Gautami;}{\f32\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000400000000000000}Tunga;}
{\f33\froman\fcharset1\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Estrangella Edessa;}{\f34\fswiss\fcharset128\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}Arial Unicode MS;}{\f35\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604030504040204}Tahoma;}
{\f36\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}DejaVu Sans;}{\f37\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Times{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f38\fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Marlett;}
{\f39\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Lucida Console;}{\f40\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Verdana;}{\f41\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Arial Black;}
{\f42\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Comic Sans MS;}{\f43\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Impact;}{\f44\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Georgia;}
{\f45\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Franklin Gothic Medium;}{\f46\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Palatino Linotype;}{\f47\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Trebuchet MS;}
{\f48\froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Webdings;}{\f49\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2 Estrangelo Edessa;}{\f50\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2 MV Boli;}{\f51\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Microsoft Sans Serif;}
{\f52\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Alba;}{\f53\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Alba Matter;}{\f54\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Alba Super;}
{\f55\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Baby Kruffy;}{\f56\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Chick;}{\f57\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Croobie;}
{\f58\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Fat;}{\f59\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Freshbot;}{\f60\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Frosty;}
{\f61\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}GlooGun;}{\f62\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Jenkins v2.0;}{\f63\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Jokewood;}
{\f64\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Poornut;}{\f65\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Porky's;}{\f66\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Pussycat;}
{\f67\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Weltron Urban;}{\f68\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Mistral;}{\f69\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Lucida Sans Unicode;}
{\f70\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Blackadder ITC;}{\f71\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Bradley Hand ITC;}{\f72\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Copperplate Gothic Bold;}
{\f73\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Copperplate Gothic Light;}{\f74\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Curlz MT;}{\f75\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Edwardian Script ITC;}
{\f76\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Engravers MT;}{\f77\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eras Demi ITC;}{\f78\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eras Light ITC;}
{\f79\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostile;}{\f80\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Felix Titling;}{\f81\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Franklin Gothic Book;}
{\f82\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Franklin Gothic Demi;}{\f83\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Franklin Gothic Medium Cond;}{\f84\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}French Script MT;}
{\f85\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Century Gothic;}{\f86\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Kristen ITC;}{\f87\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Lucida Sans;}
{\f88\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Maiandra GD;}{\f89\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Matisse ITC;}{\f90\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Papyrus;}
{\f91\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Perpetua;}{\f92\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Rockwell Extra Bold;}{\f93\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Tempus Sans ITC;}
{\f94\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Vivaldi;}{\f95\froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Wingdings 2;}{\f96\froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Wingdings 3;}
{\f97\fswiss\fcharset128\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@Arial Unicode MS;}{\f98\froman\fcharset129\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@Batang;}{\f99\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Book Antiqua;}
{\f100\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Bookman Old Style;}{\f101\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Garamond;}{\f102\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Haettenschweiler;}
{\f103\fmodern\fcharset128\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS Mincho;}{\f104\fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Outlook;}{\f105\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Monotype Corsiva;}
{\f106\fnil\fcharset134\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@SimSun;}{\f107\froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Times New Roman Special G2;}{\f108\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Arial Narrow;}
{\f109\fswiss\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Arial Special G2;}{\f110\fswiss\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Arial Special G1;}{\f111\fswiss\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Arial Narrow Special G1;}
{\f112\fswiss\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Arial Narrow Special G2;}{\f113\froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Times New Roman Special G1;}{\f114\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Kartika;}
{\f115\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Albertus Medium;}{\f116\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Albertus;}{\f117\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Albertus Extra Bold;}
{\f118\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}ITC Avant Garde Gothic;}{\f119\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}ITC Avant Garde Gothic Demi;}{\f120\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}ITC Bookman Light;}
{\f121\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}ITC Bookman Demi;}{\f122\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}CG Omega;}{\f123\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}CG Times;}
{\f124\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}ITC Zapf Chancery;}{\f125\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Clarendon;}{\f126\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Clarendon Condensed;}
{\f127\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Clarendon Extended;}{\f128\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Coronet;}{\f129\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}CourierPS;}
{\f130\froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}ITC Zapf Dingbats;}{\f131\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Helvetica Narrow;}{\f132\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Letter Gothic;}
{\f133\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Marigold;}{\f134\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}New Century Schoolbook;}{\f135\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antique Olive;}
{\f136\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antique Olive Compact;}{\f137\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Palatino{\*\falt Book Antiqua};}{\f138\froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}SymbolPS;}
{\f139\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Univers;}{\f140\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Univers Condensed;}{\f141\froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MT Extra;}
{\f142\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}???????????????????????????????;}{\f143\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Times New (W1){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f144\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Microsoft Sans Serif (Vietnames;}{\f145\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Franklin Gothic Medium Cond Gre;}
{\f146\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Franklin Gothic Medium Cond Bal;}{\f147\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}ITC Avant Garde Gothic Demi Bal;}
{\f148\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604030504040204}MS Reference Sans Serif;}{\f149\fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05000500000000000000}MS Reference Specialty;}{\f150\fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05010101010101010101}Bookshelf Symbol 7;}
{\f151\fswiss\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0504020104020203}Andale Mono IPA;}{\f152\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040502050405020303}MS Reference Serif;}{\f153\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604030504040204}Verdana Ref;}
{\f154\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040502050405020303}Georgia Ref;}{\f155\fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05000000000000000000}MS Reference 1;}{\f156\fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference 2;}
{\f157\fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 02000500000000000000}RefSpecialty;}{\f158\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0506030101010103}Abadi MT Condensed;}{\f159\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0a06030101010103}Abadi MT Condensed Extra Bold;}
{\f160\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0306030101010103}Abadi MT Condensed Light;}{\f161\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0503020202020204}Agency FB;}{\f162\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04020705040a02060702}Algerian;}
{\f163\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03080602030302030203}Andy;}{\f164\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0704030504030204}Arial Rounded MT Bold;}{\f165\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020602080505020303}Baskerville Old Face;}
{\f166\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04030905020b02020c02}Bauhaus 93;}{\f167\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04040a05050d02020502}Beesknees ITC;}{\f168\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02050806060905020404}Bernard MT Condensed;}
{\f169\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 030202020406070a0903}Bickley Script;}{\f170\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04030b070d0b02020403}Braggadocio;}{\f171\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0903060703020204}Britannic Bold;}
{\f172\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04040905080b02020502}Broadway;}{\f173\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03060802040406070304}Brush Script MT;}{\f174\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040603050505030304}Calisto MT;}
{\f175\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020a0402060406010301}Castellar;}{\f176\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04020404031007020602}Chiller;}{\f177\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 0208090404030b020404}Cooper Black;}
{\f178\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04020505060803040902}Edda;}{\f179\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020904090505020303}Elephant;}{\f180\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04030405020f02020502}Enviro;}
{\f181\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03060602040506080206}Fine Hand;}{\f182\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 030804020302050b0404}Freestyle Script;}{\f183\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04040504061007020d02}Gigi;}
{\f184\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0502020104020203}Gill Sans MT;}{\f185\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0506020104020203}Gill Sans MT Condensed;}{\f186\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0a02020104020203}Gill Sans Ultra Bold;}
{\f187\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020502050305020303}Goudy Old Style;}{\f188\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 0202090407030b020401}Goudy Stout;}{\f189\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04030604020f02020d02}Harlow Solid Italic;}
{\f190\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04040505050a02020702}Harrington;}{\f191\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04020605060303030202}Imprint MT Shadow;}{\f192\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 030604020304060b0204}Informal Roman;}
{\f193\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04090605060d06020702}Jokerman;}{\f194\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04040403040a02020202}Juice ITC;}{\f195\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 040307050d0c02020703}Kino MT;}
{\f196\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 030304020206070d0d06}Kunstler Script;}{\f197\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020a0a07050505020404}Wide Latin;}{\f198\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03010101010101010101}Lucida Calligraphy;}
{\f199\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03010101010101010101}Lucida Handwriting;}{\f200\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03020802060602070202}Matura MT Script Capitals;}{\f201\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02070704070505020303}Modern No. 20;}
{\f202\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 020b0609020202020204}OCRB;}{\f203\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03040902040508030806}Old English Text MT;}{\f204\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04050602080702020203}Onyx;}
{\f205\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 030303020206070c0b05}Palace Script MT;}{\f206\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03080702040402020b04}Parade;}{\f207\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03040602040708040804}Parchment;}
{\f208\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03060402040502070804}Pepita MT;}{\f209\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020502060505020804}Perpetua Titling MT;}{\f210\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0606030402050204}Placard Condensed;}
{\f211\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 040506030a0602020202}Playbill;}{\f212\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02080502050505020702}Poor Richard;}{\f213\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03060402040406080204}Pristina;}
{\f214\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03070502040507070304}Rage Italic;}{\f215\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02060603020205020403}Rockwell;}{\f216\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020a0606050403050204}Runic MT Condensed;}
{\f217\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03040602040607080904}Script MT Bold;}{\f218\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04040a07060a02020202}Snap ITC;}{\f219\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03070502030502020203}Viner Hand ITC;}
{\f220\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03050402040407070305}Vladimir Script;}{\f221\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}normal verdana;}{\f222\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}IAGB5 Symbol;}
{\f223\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0706030402020204}Franklin Gothic Demi Cond;}{\f224\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0903020102020204}Franklin Gothic Heavy;}{\f225\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02010509020102010303}OCR A Extended;}
{\f226\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03020802040602020201}American Uncial;}{\f227\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04060505051002080904}Augsburger Initials;}{\f228\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04020505020e03040504}Desdemona;}
{\f229\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03060902040502070203}Forte;}{\f230\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03080302020302020206}Gradl;}{\f231\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 01010101010101010101}Mercurius Script MT Bold;}
{\f232\fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 01010601010101010101}Monotype Sorts;}{\f233\froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05020102010208020808}Monotype Sorts 2;}{\f234\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 040c0101020201010102}Ransom;}
{\f235\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 040409050d0802020404}Stencil;}{\f236\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04030805020b02020404}Stop;}{\f237\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020503060305020303}Bell MT;}
{\f238\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 0207040306080b030204}Californian FB;}{\f239\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 0204060206030a020304}Footlight MT Light;}{\f240\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040502050506030303}High Tower Text;}
{\f241\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04040805050809020602}Ravie;}{\f242\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04020904020102020604}Showcard Gothic;}{\f243\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 050b0604020202020204}Bookshelf Symbol 1;}
{\f244\froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05050102010706020507}Bookshelf Symbol 3;}{\f245\fswiss\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 050b0604020202020204}Bookshelf Symbol 4;}{\f246\fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05010101010101010101}Bookshelf Symbol 5;}
{\f247\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Franklin Gothic Demi Cond CE;}{\f248\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Franklin Gothic Demi Cond Cyr;}
{\f249\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Franklin Gothic Demi Cond Greek;}{\f250\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Franklin Gothic Demi Cond Tur;}
{\f251\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Franklin Gothic Demi Cond Balti;}{\f252\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Franklin Gothic Heavy CE;}
{\f253\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Franklin Gothic Heavy Cyr;}{\f254\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Franklin Gothic Heavy Greek;}
{\f255\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Franklin Gothic Heavy Tur;}{\f256\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Franklin Gothic Heavy Baltic;}
{\f257\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Sans Serif (Vietna;}{\f258\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}BR-01T;}{\f259\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}BR-05B;}
{\f260\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Brougham;}{\f261\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}BR-11U;}{\f262\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Albertville;}
{\f263\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Albertville Extrabold;}{\f264\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antique Oakland;}{\f265\froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}BR Symbol;}
{\f266\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}PC Brussels Demi;}{\f267\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}PC Brussels Light;}{\f268\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Cleveland Condensed;}
{\f269\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Conneticut;}{\f270\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Guatemala Antique;}{\f271\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Helsinki;}
{\f272\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Maryland;}{\f273\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Oklahoma;}{\f274\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}PC Tennessee Roman;}
{\f275\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Tennessee Roman;}{\f276\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Utah;}{\f277\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Utah Condensed;}
{\f278\fdecor\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}W Dingbats;}{\f279\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Courier (W1);}{\f280\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02000702030000020004}Twentieth Century Poster1;}
{\f281\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04010502060101010303}Creepy;}{\f282\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020c0804040000000001}EraserDust;}{\f283\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 01010101010101010101}Figaro MT;}
{\f284\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 01010101010101010101}KidTYPEPaint;}{\f285\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03010101010101010101}Mistral AV;}{\f286\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0904020202020204}Plump MT;}
{\f287\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02000509000000000005}Space Toaster;}{\f288\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02000800000000000004}Team MT;}{\f289\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0504020203020204}News Gothic MT;}
{\f290\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04040506030f02020702}Westminster;}{\f291\fmodern\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0809000000000003}Arial Alternative;}{\f292\fmodern\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0809000000000003}Arial Alternative Symbol;}
{\f293\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0606020104020203}Tw Cen MT Condensed;}{\f294\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0803020000000004}Tw Cen MT Condensed Extra Bold;}{\f295\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 020b0509000000000004}Andale Mono;}
{\f296\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Uncial ATT;}{\f297\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Tw Cen MT Condensed Extra Bold ;}{\f298\fnil\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Uncial ATT CE;}
{\f299\fnil\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Uncial ATT Tur;}{\f300\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Arial (W1){\*\falt Arial};}{\f301\fnil\fcharset255\fprq3{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Roman;}
{\f302\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Arial (W1) CE;}{\f303\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Arial (W1) Cyr;}{\f304\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Arial (W1) Greek;}
{\f305\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Arial (W1) Tur;}{\f306\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Arial (W1) (Hebrew);}{\f307\fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Arial (W1) (Arabic);}
{\f308\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Arial (W1) Baltic;}{\f309\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Arial (W1) (Vietnamese);}
{\f310\froman\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Times New (W1) CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f311\froman\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Times New (W1) Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f312\froman\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Times New (W1) Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f313\froman\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Times New (W1) Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f314\froman\fcharset177\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Times New (W1) (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f315\froman\fcharset178\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Times New (W1) (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f316\froman\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Times New (W1) Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f317\froman\fcharset163\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Times New (W1) (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f318\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0402020202020204}AvantGarde Bk BT;}{\f319\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04030205020b02020502}BernhardFashion BT;}{\f320\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000400000000000000}Boink LET;}
{\f321\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02050604050505020204}BookmanITC Lt BT;}{\f322\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03060802040406070304}BrushScript BT;}{\f323\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0904040702060204}Compacta Blk BT;}
{\f324\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0508030702060204}Compacta Lt BT;}{\f325\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 0208060305030b020404}Cooper Md BT;}{\f326\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020e0605020203020404}CopprplGoth BT;}
{\f327\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 0204050203030b020204}Dauphin;}{\f328\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03060902030202020203}DomBold BT;}{\f329\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03060902030302020204}DomCasual BT;}
{\f330\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 030306020406070f0b05}English111 Presto BT;}{\f331\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03030702030607090b03}English111 Vivace BT;}{\f332\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04040805071002020d02}FlamencoD;}
{\f333\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0806020204020204}Futura XBlkCn BT;}{\f334\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0602020204020303}Futura Md BT;}{\f335\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0506020204030204}Humanst521 Cn BT;}
{\f336\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03050502040202020203}Kids;}{\f337\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020602070506020304}NewBskvll BT;}{\f338\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03030602040405080b03}Nuptial BT;}
{\f339\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Scruff LET;}{\f340\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03050502040202020b03}Technical;}{\f341\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0702020204020204}VAGRounded BT;}
{\f342\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03010101010101010101}VivaldiD;}{\f343\fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05000000000000000000}Animals 1;}{\f344\fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05000000000000000000}Animals 2;}
{\f345\fswiss\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0603050302020204}Arrows2;}{\f346\fswiss\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0603050302020204}Balloons;}{\f347\fswiss\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0603050302020204}Buildings;}
{\f348\fswiss\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0603050302020204}CommonBullets;}{\f349\fswiss\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0603050302020204}Computers;}{\f350\fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 00000400000000000000}DF Calligraphic Ornaments LET;}
{\f351\fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 00000400000000000000}DF Diversions LET;}{\f352\fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 00000400000000000000}DF Diversities LET;}{\f353\fswiss\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0603050302020204}Festive;}
{\f354\fswiss\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0603050302020204}Food;}{\f355\fswiss\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0603050302020204}Household;}{\f356\fswiss\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0603050302020204}Hygiene;}
{\f357\fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05000000000000000000}Kidnap;}{\f358\fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05000000000000000000}Music;}{\f359\fswiss\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0603050302020204}Plants;}
{\f360\fswiss\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0603050302020204}SportsFigures;}{\f361\fswiss\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0603050302020204}Transportation;}{\f362\fswiss\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0603050302020204}Weather;}
{\f363\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040603050705020303}CentSchbook BT;}{\f364\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03080402030202060204}Van Dijk;}{\f365\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 040b0500000000000000}Lithograph;}
{\f366\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 01010101010101010101}Adolescence;}{\f367\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0803020204040204}AntigoniBd;}{\f368\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0406020204020204}Antigoni Light;}
{\f369\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0703020204030204}Antigoni Med;}{\f370\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0603020204030204}Antigoni;}{\f371\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020e0806020206070204}MGI Archon;}
{\f372\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020d0802060808030204}AucoinExtBol;}{\f373\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020d0602050304030204}AucoinLight;}{\f374\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0804040403020303}Banjoman Open Bold;}
{\f375\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020e0803080505070304}Bedini;}{\f376\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02000503000000000004}Bermuda Solid;}{\f377\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0900020202060204}Eurostar Black Extended;}
{\f378\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0504020202050204}Eurostar;}{\f379\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0507020202060204}Eurostar Regular Extended;}{\f380\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02000507000000000004}Falstaff Festival MT;}
{\f381\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020e0602060706020304}Gourmand;}{\f382\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0704030103070804}Metro Nouveau;}{\f383\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02000504000000000003}Orbus Multiserif;}
{\f384\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02000306050000000002}Palace Script MT Semi Bold;}{\f385\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02090502050106070304}Palladius;}{\f386\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020e0702050806020304}Peinaud;}
{\f387\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020e0302020206020904}Schindler;}{\f388\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020e0402020206020904}Schindler Small Caps;}{\f389\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03010101010101010101}Wendy Medium;}
{\f390\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03020602050506090804}Vianta;}{\f391\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04040604020b02020304}LcdD;}{\f392\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020502060200020303}GiovanniITCTT;}
{\f393\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00050102010706020507}Map Symbols;}{\f394\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar Regular Extended Balti;}{\f395\fdecor\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Creepy CE;}
{\f396\fdecor\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Creepy Tur;}{\f397\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}EraserDust CE;}{\f398\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}EraserDust Tur;}
{\f399\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Tw Cen MT Condensed CE;}{\f400\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Andale Mono CE;}{\f401\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Andale Mono Cyr;}
{\f402\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Andale Mono Greek;}{\f403\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Andale Mono Tur;}{\f404\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Andale Mono Baltic;}
{\f405\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}AvantGarde Bk BT CE;}{\f406\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}AvantGarde Bk BT Greek;}
{\f407\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}AvantGarde Bk BT Tur;}{\f408\fdecor\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}BernhardFashion BT CE;}
{\f409\fdecor\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}BernhardFashion BT Greek;}{\f410\fdecor\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}BernhardFashion BT Tur;}{\f411\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Boink LET Greek;}
{\f412\froman\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}BookmanITC Lt BT CE;}{\f413\froman\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}BookmanITC Lt BT Greek;}
{\f414\froman\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}BookmanITC Lt BT Tur;}{\f415\fscript\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}BrushScript BT CE;}{\f416\fscript\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}BrushScript BT Greek;}
{\f417\fscript\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}BrushScript BT Tur;}{\f418\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Compacta Blk BT CE;}{\f419\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Compacta Blk BT Greek;}
{\f420\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Compacta Blk BT Tur;}{\f421\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Compacta Lt BT CE;}{\f422\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Compacta Lt BT Greek;}
{\f423\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Compacta Lt BT Tur;}{\f424\froman\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Cooper Md BT CE;}{\f425\froman\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Cooper Md BT Greek;}
{\f426\froman\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Cooper Md BT Tur;}{\f427\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}CopprplGoth BT CE;}{\f428\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}CopprplGoth BT Greek;}
{\f429\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}CopprplGoth BT Tur;}{\f430\fscript\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}DomBold BT CE;}{\f431\fscript\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}DomBold BT Greek;}
{\f432\fscript\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}DomBold BT Tur;}{\f433\fscript\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}DomCasual BT CE;}{\f434\fscript\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}DomCasual BT Greek;}
{\f435\fscript\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}DomCasual BT Tur;}{\f436\fscript\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}English111 Presto BT CE;}
{\f437\fscript\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}English111 Presto BT Greek;}{\f438\fscript\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}English111 Presto BT Tur;}
{\f439\fscript\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}English111 Vivace BT CE;}{\f440\fscript\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}English111 Vivace BT Greek;}
{\f441\fscript\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}English111 Vivace BT Tur;}{\f442\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Futura XBlkCn BT CE;}
{\f443\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Futura XBlkCn BT Greek;}{\f444\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Futura XBlkCn BT Tur;}{\f445\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Futura Md BT CE;}
{\f446\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Futura Md BT Greek;}{\f447\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Futura Md BT Tur;}{\f448\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Humanst521 Cn BT CE;}
{\f449\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Humanst521 Cn BT Greek;}{\f450\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Humanst521 Cn BT Tur;}{\f451\froman\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}NewBskvll BT CE;}
{\f452\froman\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}NewBskvll BT Greek;}{\f453\froman\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}NewBskvll BT Tur;}{\f454\fscript\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Nuptial BT CE;}
{\f455\fscript\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Nuptial BT Greek;}{\f456\fscript\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Nuptial BT Tur;}{\f457\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Scruff LET Greek;}
{\f458\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}VAGRounded BT CE;}{\f459\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}VAGRounded BT Greek;}{\f460\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}VAGRounded BT Tur;}
{\f461\fscript\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}VivaldiD CE;}{\f462\fscript\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}VivaldiD Tur;}{\f463\froman\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}CentSchbook BT CE;}
{\f464\froman\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}CentSchbook BT Greek;}{\f465\froman\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}CentSchbook BT Tur;}{\f466\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}AntigoniBd CE;}
{\f467\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}AntigoniBd Greek;}{\f468\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}AntigoniBd Tur;}{\f469\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}AntigoniBd Baltic;}
{\f470\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Light CE;}{\f471\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Light Greek;}{\f472\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Light Tur;}
{\f473\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Light Baltic;}{\f474\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Med CE;}{\f475\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Med Greek;}
{\f476\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Med Tur;}{\f477\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Med Baltic;}{\f478\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni CE;}
{\f479\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Greek;}{\f480\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Tur;}{\f481\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Antigoni Baltic;}
{\f482\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MGI Archon CE;}{\f483\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MGI Archon Greek;}{\f484\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MGI Archon Tur;}
{\f485\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MGI Archon Baltic;}{\f486\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}AucoinExtBol CE;}{\f487\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}AucoinExtBol Greek;}
{\f488\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}AucoinExtBol Tur;}{\f489\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}AucoinExtBol Baltic;}{\f490\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}AucoinLight CE;}
{\f491\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}AucoinLight Greek;}{\f492\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}AucoinLight Tur;}{\f493\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}AucoinLight Baltic;}
{\f494\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Bedini CE;}{\f495\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Bedini Greek;}{\f496\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Bedini Tur;}
{\f497\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Bedini Baltic;}{\f498\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar Black Extended CE;}
{\f499\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar Black Extended Greek;}{\f500\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar Black Extended Tur;}
{\f501\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar Black Extended Baltic;}{\f502\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar CE;}{\f503\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar Greek;}
{\f504\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar Tur;}{\f505\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar Baltic;}{\f506\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar Regular Extended CE;}
{\f507\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar Regular Extended Greek;}{\f508\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Eurostar Regular Extended Tur;}
{\f509\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Gourmand CE;}{\f510\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Gourmand Greek;}{\f511\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Gourmand Tur;}
{\f512\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Gourmand Baltic;}{\f513\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Metro Nouveau CE;}{\f514\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Metro Nouveau Greek;}
{\f515\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Metro Nouveau Tur;}{\f516\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Metro Nouveau Baltic;}{\f517\froman\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Palladius CE;}
{\f518\froman\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Palladius Greek;}{\f519\froman\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Palladius Tur;}{\f520\froman\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Palladius Baltic;}
{\f521\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Peinaud CE;}{\f522\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Peinaud Greek;}{\f523\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Peinaud Tur;}
{\f524\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Peinaud Baltic;}{\f525\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Schindler CE;}{\f526\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Schindler Greek;}
{\f527\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Schindler Tur;}{\f528\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Schindler Baltic;}{\f529\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Schindler Small Caps CE;}
{\f530\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Schindler Small Caps Greek;}{\f531\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Schindler Small Caps Tur;}
{\f532\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Schindler Small Caps Baltic;}{\f533\fscript\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Vianta Greek;}{\f534\fdecor\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}LcdD CE;}
{\f535\fdecor\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}LcdD Tur;}{\f536\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}????????????????????????\'a8\'ac?????;}
{\f537\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}??????????????????????\'a8\'ac???????;}{\f538\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}?????????????????????????\'a1\'ec????;}
{\f539\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}??????????????????????????????\'a8;}{\f540\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 Times New Roman CYR;}{\f541\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 Times New Roman TUR;}{\f542\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 Arial CYR;}
{\f543\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 Arial TUR;}{\f544\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 Courier New CYR;}{\f545\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 Courier New TUR;}{\f546\fnil\fcharset178\fprq2{\*\panose 02010000000000000000}Traditional Arabic;}
{\f547\fnil\fcharset178\fprq2{\*\panose 02010000000000000000}Arabic Transparent;}{\f548\fnil\fcharset178\fprq2{\*\panose 02010000000000000000}Andalus;}{\f549\fnil\fcharset178\fprq2{\*\panose 02010000000000000000}Simplified Arabic;}
{\f550\fmodern\fcharset178\fprq1{\*\panose 02010009000000000000}Simplified Arabic Fixed;}{\f551\fmodern\fcharset134\fprq1{\*\panose 02010609030101010101}NSimSun;}{\f552\fmodern\fcharset134\fprq1{\*\panose 02010609030101010101}@NSimSun;}
{\f553\fnil\fcharset134\fprq2{\*\panose 02010600030101010101}@SimHei;}{\f554\froman\fcharset128\fprq2{\*\panose 02020600040205080304}MS PMincho;}{\f555\froman\fcharset128\fprq2{\*\panose 02020600040205080304}@MS PMincho;}
{\f556\fmodern\fcharset128\fprq1{\*\panose 020b0609070205080204}@MS Gothic;}{\f557\fswiss\fcharset128\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0600070205080204}MS PGothic;}{\f558\fswiss\fcharset128\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0600070205080204}@MS PGothic;}
{\f559\fswiss\fcharset128\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0600070205080204}MS UI Gothic;}{\f560\fswiss\fcharset128\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0600070205080204}@MS UI Gothic;}{\f561\froman\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}AngsanaUPC;}
{\f562\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}BrowalliaUPC;}{\f563\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}Browallia New;}{\f564\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0304020202020204}CordiaUPC;}
{\f565\froman\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}DilleniaUPC;}{\f566\froman\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}EucrosiaUPC;}{\f567\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}FreesiaUPC;}
{\f568\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}IrisUPC;}{\f569\froman\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}JasmineUPC;}{\f570\froman\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}KodchiangUPC;}
{\f571\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}LilyUPC;}{\f572\fswiss\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 050b0604020202020204}Typographic Ext;}{\f573\fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05000000000000000000}Iconic Symbols Ext;}
{\f574\fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05000000000000000000}Math Ext;}{\f575\froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05020603050405020304}Multinational Ext;}{\f576\froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05020603050405020304}Greek Symbols;}
{\f577\fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}SPSS Marker Set;}{\f578\froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05050102010607020607}MapInfo Cartographic;}{\f579\fmodern\fcharset136\fprq1{\*\panose 02020309000000000000}@MingLiU;}
{\f580\froman\fcharset136\fprq2{\*\panose 02020300000000000000}@PMingLiU;}{\f581\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}(Use Asian text font){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f582\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}PMingLiU Western{\*\falt !Ps2OcuAe};}{\f583\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Gothic Western{\*\falt ?l?r ?S?V?b?N};}
{\f584\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Gothic CE{\*\falt ?l?r ?S?V?b?N};}{\f585\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Gothic Cyr{\*\falt ?l?r ?S?V?b?N};}
{\f586\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Gothic Greek{\*\falt ?l?r ?S?V?b?N};}{\f587\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Gothic Tur{\*\falt ?l?r ?S?V?b?N};}
{\f588\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Gothic Baltic{\*\falt ?l?r ?S?V?b?N};}{\f589\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MingLiU Western{\*\falt 2OcuAe};}
{\f590\froman\fcharset163\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Times New Roman CYR (Vietnamese;}{\f591\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\f592\froman\fcharset163\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Times New Roman Greek (Vietname;}
{\f593\froman\fcharset163\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Times New Roman TUR (Vietnamese;}{\f594\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\f595\froman\fcharset163\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Times New Roman Baltic (Vietnam;}
{\f596\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}NSimSun Western;}{\f597\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@NSimSun Western;}{\f598\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PMincho Western;}
{\f599\froman\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PMincho CE;}{\f600\froman\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PMincho Cyr;}{\f601\froman\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PMincho Greek;}
{\f602\froman\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PMincho Tur;}{\f603\froman\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PMincho Baltic;}{\f604\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PMincho Western;}
{\f605\froman\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PMincho CE;}{\f606\froman\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PMincho Cyr;}{\f607\froman\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PMincho Greek;}
{\f608\froman\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PMincho Tur;}{\f609\froman\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PMincho Baltic;}{\f610\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS Gothic Western;}
{\f611\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS Gothic CE;}{\f612\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS Gothic Cyr;}{\f613\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS Gothic Greek;}
{\f614\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS Gothic Tur;}{\f615\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS Gothic Baltic;}{\f616\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PGothic Western;}
{\f617\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PGothic CE;}{\f618\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PGothic Cyr;}{\f619\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PGothic Greek;}
{\f620\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PGothic Tur;}{\f621\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS PGothic Baltic;}{\f622\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PGothic Western;}
{\f623\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PGothic CE;}{\f624\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PGothic Cyr;}{\f625\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PGothic Greek;}
{\f626\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PGothic Tur;}{\f627\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS PGothic Baltic;}{\f628\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS UI Gothic Western;}
{\f629\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS UI Gothic CE;}{\f630\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS UI Gothic Cyr;}{\f631\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS UI Gothic Greek;}
{\f632\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS UI Gothic Tur;}{\f633\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS UI Gothic Baltic;}{\f634\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS UI Gothic Western;}
{\f635\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS UI Gothic CE;}{\f636\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS UI Gothic Cyr;}{\f637\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS UI Gothic Greek;}
{\f638\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS UI Gothic Tur;}{\f639\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS UI Gothic Baltic;}{\f640\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Browallia New (Thai);}
{\f641\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MingLiU Western;}{\f642\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@PMingLiU Western;}
{\f643\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}????????????????????\'a1\'a7?????????;}{\f644\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Sans Serif{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f645\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0502040204020203}Segoe Media Center;}{\f646\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0702040200020203}Segoe Media Center Semibold;}{\f647\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0804030504040204}Tahoma Small Cap;}
{\f648\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Elite{\*\falt Arial};}{\f649\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}GothicPS{\*\falt Arial};}
{\f650\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}????????????\'a1\'a7???????;}{\f651\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}??????????????????\'a8\'ac?????????;}
{\f652\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}????????????????????????\'a1\'a7?????;}{\f653\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}??????????????????????\'a1\'a7???????;}
{\f654\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}CG Times (W1){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f655\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}CG Times 12pt;}
{\f656\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}????????????????????\'a8\'ac?????????;}{\f657\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}?????\'a1\'ec???;}
{\f658\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}????\'a1\'a7???;}{\f659\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Prestige;}{\f660\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}?????????????????\'a1\'ec?????????;}
{\f661\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}??????????????????\'a1\'a7??????????;}{\f662\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}o{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f663\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}ome{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f664\fnil\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Times Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f665\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Plain text{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f666\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}boscombe{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f667\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}??????????????????????????\'a8\'ac???;}{\f668\froman\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Rockwell CE;}
{\f669\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Sans Serif CE;}{\f670\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Sans Serif Cyr;}
{\f671\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Sans Serif Greek;}{\f672\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Sans Serif Tur;}
{\f673\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Sans Serif Baltic;}{\f674\froman\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Serif CE;}
{\f675\froman\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Serif Cyr;}{\f676\froman\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Serif Greek;}
{\f677\froman\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Serif Tur;}{\f678\froman\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Serif Baltic;}
{\f679\froman\fcharset163\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Reference Serif (Vietnamese);}{\f680\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Verdana Ref CE;}{\f681\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Verdana Ref Cyr;}
{\f682\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Verdana Ref Greek;}{\f683\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Verdana Ref Tur;}{\f684\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Verdana Ref Baltic;}
{\f685\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Verdana Ref (Vietnamese);}{\f686\froman\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Georgia Ref CE;}{\f687\froman\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Georgia Ref Cyr;}
{\f688\froman\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Georgia Ref Greek;}{\f689\froman\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Georgia Ref Tur;}{\f690\froman\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Georgia Ref Baltic;}
{\f691\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Gill Sans MT CE;}{\f692\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Gill Sans MT Condensed CE;}
{\f693\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Gill Sans Ultra Bold CE;}{\f694\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000400000000000000}Sydnie;}{\f695\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Sydnie Greek;}
{\f696\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 Arial Baltic;}{\f697\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 Courier New Baltic;}{\f698\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\f699\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 Arial CE;}{\f700\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 Arial Greek;}
{\f701\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 Courier New CE;}{\f702\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 Courier New Greek;}{\f703\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f704\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f706\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f707\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f708\froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f709\froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f710\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f711\froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f713\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial CE;}{\f714\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial Cyr;}{\f716\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial Greek;}{\f717\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial Tur;}{\f718\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Arial (Hebrew);}
{\f719\fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Arial (Arabic);}{\f720\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial Baltic;}{\f721\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Arial (Vietnamese);}{\f723\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 Courier New CE;}{\f724\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 Courier New Cyr;}
{\f726\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 Courier New Greek;}{\f727\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 Courier New Tur;}{\f728\fmodern\fcharset177\fprq1 Courier New (Hebrew);}{\f729\fmodern\fcharset178\fprq1 Courier New (Arabic);}
{\f730\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 Courier New Baltic;}{\f731\fmodern\fcharset163\fprq1 Courier New (Vietnamese);}{\f743\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Helvetica CE;}{\f744\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Helvetica Cyr;}{\f746\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Helvetica Greek;}
{\f747\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Helvetica Tur;}{\f748\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Helvetica (Hebrew);}{\f749\fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Helvetica (Arabic);}{\f750\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Helvetica Baltic;}
{\f751\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Helvetica (Vietnamese);}{\f815\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 MS Mincho Western{\*\falt ?l?r ??\'81\'66c};}{\f813\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 MS Mincho CE{\*\falt ?l?r ??\'81\'66c};}
{\f814\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 MS Mincho Cyr{\*\falt ?l?r ??\'81\'66c};}{\f816\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 MS Mincho Greek{\*\falt ?l?r ??\'81\'66c};}{\f817\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 MS Mincho Tur{\*\falt ?l?r ??\'81\'66c};}
{\f820\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 MS Mincho Baltic{\*\falt ?l?r ??\'81\'66c};}{\f825\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 Batang Western{\*\falt \'a2\'aeE\'a1\'cbcE\'a1\'cb\'a2\'e7EcE\'a1\'cb\'a2\'e7E\'a2\'aeEcEcE\'a1\'cb\'a2\'e7E\'a2\'aeEcE\'a2\'aeE\'a1\'cbcE};}
{\f823\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Batang CE{\*\falt \'a2\'aeE\'a1\'cbcE\'a1\'cb\'a2\'e7EcE\'a1\'cb\'a2\'e7E\'a2\'aeEcEcE\'a1\'cb\'a2\'e7E\'a2\'aeEcE\'a2\'aeE\'a1\'cbcE};}
{\f824\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Batang Cyr{\*\falt \'a2\'aeE\'a1\'cbcE\'a1\'cb\'a2\'e7EcE\'a1\'cb\'a2\'e7E\'a2\'aeEcEcE\'a1\'cb\'a2\'e7E\'a2\'aeEcE\'a2\'aeE\'a1\'cbcE};}
{\f826\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Batang Greek{\*\falt \'a2\'aeE\'a1\'cbcE\'a1\'cb\'a2\'e7EcE\'a1\'cb\'a2\'e7E\'a2\'aeEcEcE\'a1\'cb\'a2\'e7E\'a2\'aeEcE\'a2\'aeE\'a1\'cbcE};}
{\f827\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Batang Tur{\*\falt \'a2\'aeE\'a1\'cbcE\'a1\'cb\'a2\'e7EcE\'a1\'cb\'a2\'e7E\'a2\'aeEcEcE\'a1\'cb\'a2\'e7E\'a2\'aeEcE\'a2\'aeE\'a1\'cbcE};}
{\f830\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Batang Baltic{\*\falt \'a2\'aeE\'a1\'cbcE\'a1\'cb\'a2\'e7EcE\'a1\'cb\'a2\'e7E\'a2\'aeEcEcE\'a1\'cb\'a2\'e7E\'a2\'aeEcE\'a2\'aeE\'a1\'cbcE};}
{\f835\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2 SimSun Western{\*\falt ??????????????\'a1\'a7????????};}{\f913\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Century CE;}{\f914\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Century Cyr;}{\f916\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Century Greek;}
{\f917\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Century Tur;}{\f920\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Century Baltic;}{\f925\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 Angsana New;}{\f935\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 Cordia New;}{\f963\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Sylfaen CE;}
{\f964\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Sylfaen Cyr;}{\f966\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Sylfaen Greek;}{\f967\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Sylfaen Tur;}{\f970\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Sylfaen Baltic;}{\f1045\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS Western;}
{\f1043\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS CE;}{\f1044\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS Cyr;}{\f1046\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS Greek;}{\f1047\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS Tur;}
{\f1048\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS (Hebrew);}{\f1049\fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS (Arabic);}{\f1050\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS Baltic;}{\f1051\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS (Vietnamese);}
{\f1052\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS (Thai);}{\f1053\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Tahoma CE;}{\f1054\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Tahoma Cyr;}{\f1056\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Tahoma Greek;}{\f1057\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Tahoma Tur;}
{\f1058\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Tahoma (Hebrew);}{\f1059\fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Tahoma (Arabic);}{\f1060\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Tahoma Baltic;}{\f1061\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Tahoma (Vietnamese);}{\f1062\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 Tahoma (Thai);}
{\f1073\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f1074\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f1076\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f1077\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f1078\froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f1079\froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f1080\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f1081\froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f1093\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 Lucida Console CE;}
{\f1094\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 Lucida Console Cyr;}{\f1096\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 Lucida Console Greek;}{\f1097\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 Lucida Console Tur;}{\f1103\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Verdana CE;}{\f1104\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Verdana Cyr;}
{\f1106\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Verdana Greek;}{\f1107\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Verdana Tur;}{\f1110\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Verdana Baltic;}{\f1111\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Verdana (Vietnamese);}{\f1113\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial Black CE;}
{\f1114\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial Black Cyr;}{\f1116\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial Black Greek;}{\f1117\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial Black Tur;}{\f1120\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial Black Baltic;}
{\f1123\fscript\fcharset238\fprq2 Comic Sans MS CE;}{\f1124\fscript\fcharset204\fprq2 Comic Sans MS Cyr;}{\f1126\fscript\fcharset161\fprq2 Comic Sans MS Greek;}{\f1127\fscript\fcharset162\fprq2 Comic Sans MS Tur;}
{\f1130\fscript\fcharset186\fprq2 Comic Sans MS Baltic;}{\f1133\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Impact CE;}{\f1134\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Impact Cyr;}{\f1136\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Impact Greek;}{\f1137\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Impact Tur;}
{\f1140\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Impact Baltic;}{\f1143\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Georgia CE;}{\f1144\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Georgia Cyr;}{\f1146\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Georgia Greek;}{\f1147\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Georgia Tur;}
{\f1150\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Georgia Baltic;}{\f1153\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium CE;}{\f1154\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium Cyr;}{\f1156\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium Greek;}
{\f1157\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium Tur;}{\f1160\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium Baltic;}{\f1163\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Palatino Linotype CE;}{\f1164\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Palatino Linotype Cyr;}
{\f1166\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Palatino Linotype Greek;}{\f1167\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Palatino Linotype Tur;}{\f1170\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Palatino Linotype Baltic;}{\f1171\froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Palatino Linotype (Vietnamese);}
{\f1173\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Trebuchet MS CE;}{\f1174\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Trebuchet MS Cyr;}{\f1176\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Trebuchet MS Greek;}{\f1177\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Trebuchet MS Tur;}
{\f1180\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Trebuchet MS Baltic;}{\f1213\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Microsoft Sans Serif CE;}{\f1214\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Microsoft Sans Serif Cyr;}{\f1216\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Microsoft Sans Serif Greek;}
{\f1217\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Microsoft Sans Serif Tur;}{\f1218\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Microsoft Sans Serif (Hebrew);}{\f1219\fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Microsoft Sans Serif (Arabic);}{\f1220\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Microsoft Sans Serif Baltic;}
{\f1221\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Microsoft Sans Serif (Vietnamese);}{\f1222\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 Microsoft Sans Serif (Thai);}{\f1226\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Alba Greek;}{\f1236\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Alba Matter Greek;}
{\f1246\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Alba Super Greek;}{\f1256\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Baby Kruffy Greek;}{\f1266\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Chick Greek;}{\f1276\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Croobie Greek;}{\f1296\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Freshbot Greek;}
{\f1306\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Frosty Greek;}{\f1316\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 GlooGun Greek;}{\f1326\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Jenkins v2.0 Greek;}{\f1366\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Pussycat Greek;}{\f1376\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Weltron Urban Greek;}
{\f1383\fscript\fcharset238\fprq2 Mistral CE;}{\f1384\fscript\fcharset204\fprq2 Mistral Cyr;}{\f1386\fscript\fcharset161\fprq2 Mistral Greek;}{\f1387\fscript\fcharset162\fprq2 Mistral Tur;}{\f1390\fscript\fcharset186\fprq2 Mistral Baltic;}
{\f1393\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Lucida Sans Unicode CE;}{\f1394\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Lucida Sans Unicode Cyr;}{\f1396\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Lucida Sans Unicode Greek;}{\f1397\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Lucida Sans Unicode Tur;}
{\f1398\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Lucida Sans Unicode (Hebrew);}{\f1513\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Book CE;}{\f1514\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Book Cyr;}{\f1516\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Book Greek;}
{\f1517\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Book Tur;}{\f1520\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Book Baltic;}{\f1523\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Demi CE;}{\f1524\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Demi Cyr;}
{\f1526\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Demi Greek;}{\f1527\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Demi Tur;}{\f1530\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Demi Baltic;}{\f1533\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium Cond CE;}
{\f1534\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium Cond Cyr;}{\f1536\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium Cond Greek;}{\f1537\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium Cond Tur;}
{\f1540\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium Cond Baltic;}{\f1553\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Century Gothic CE;}{\f1554\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Century Gothic Cyr;}{\f1556\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Century Gothic Greek;}
{\f1557\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Century Gothic Tur;}{\f1560\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Century Gothic Baltic;}{\f1675\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS Western;}{\f1673\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS CE;}
{\f1674\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS Cyr;}{\f1676\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS Greek;}{\f1677\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS Tur;}{\f1678\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS (Hebrew);}
{\f1679\fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS (Arabic);}{\f1680\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS Baltic;}{\f1681\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS (Vietnamese);}{\f1682\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS (Thai);}
{\f1685\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 @Batang Western;}{\f1683\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 @Batang CE;}{\f1684\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 @Batang Cyr;}{\f1686\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 @Batang Greek;}{\f1687\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 @Batang Tur;}
{\f1690\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 @Batang Baltic;}{\f1693\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Book Antiqua CE;}{\f1694\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Book Antiqua Cyr;}{\f1696\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Book Antiqua Greek;}{\f1697\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Book Antiqua Tur;}
{\f1700\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Book Antiqua Baltic;}{\f1703\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Bookman Old Style CE;}{\f1704\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Bookman Old Style Cyr;}{\f1706\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Bookman Old Style Greek;}
{\f1707\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Bookman Old Style Tur;}{\f1710\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Bookman Old Style Baltic;}{\f1713\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Garamond CE;}{\f1714\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Garamond Cyr;}
{\f1716\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Garamond Greek;}{\f1717\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Garamond Tur;}{\f1720\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Garamond Baltic;}{\f1723\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Haettenschweiler CE;}{\f1724\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Haettenschweiler Cyr;}
{\f1726\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Haettenschweiler Greek;}{\f1727\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Haettenschweiler Tur;}{\f1730\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Haettenschweiler Baltic;}{\f1735\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 @MS Mincho Western;}
{\f1733\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 @MS Mincho CE;}{\f1734\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 @MS Mincho Cyr;}{\f1736\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 @MS Mincho Greek;}{\f1737\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 @MS Mincho Tur;}{\f1740\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 @MS Mincho Baltic;}
{\f1753\fscript\fcharset238\fprq2 Monotype Corsiva CE;}{\f1754\fscript\fcharset204\fprq2 Monotype Corsiva Cyr;}{\f1756\fscript\fcharset161\fprq2 Monotype Corsiva Greek;}{\f1757\fscript\fcharset162\fprq2 Monotype Corsiva Tur;}
{\f1760\fscript\fcharset186\fprq2 Monotype Corsiva Baltic;}{\f1765\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2 @SimSun Western;}{\f1783\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial Narrow CE;}{\f1784\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial Narrow Cyr;}
{\f1786\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial Narrow Greek;}{\f1787\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial Narrow Tur;}{\f1790\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial Narrow Baltic;}{\f1853\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Albertus Medium CE;}
{\f1857\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Albertus Medium Tur;}{\f1860\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Albertus Medium Baltic;}{\f1863\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Albertus CE;}{\f1867\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Albertus Tur;}{\f1870\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Albertus Baltic;}
{\f1873\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Albertus Extra Bold CE;}{\f1877\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Albertus Extra Bold Tur;}{\f1880\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Albertus Extra Bold Baltic;}{\f1883\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 ITC Avant Garde Gothic CE;}
{\f1887\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 ITC Avant Garde Gothic Tur;}{\f1890\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 ITC Avant Garde Gothic Baltic;}{\f1893\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 ITC Avant Garde Gothic Demi CE;}
{\f1897\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 ITC Avant Garde Gothic Demi Tur;}{\f1900\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 ITC Avant Garde Gothic Demi Baltic;}{\f1903\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 ITC Bookman Light CE;}{\f1907\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 ITC Bookman Light Tur;}
{\f1910\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 ITC Bookman Light Baltic;}{\f1913\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 ITC Bookman Demi CE;}{\f1917\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 ITC Bookman Demi Tur;}{\f1920\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 ITC Bookman Demi Baltic;}
{\f1923\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 CG Omega CE;}{\f1927\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 CG Omega Tur;}{\f1930\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 CG Omega Baltic;}{\f1933\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 CG Times CE;}{\f1937\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 CG Times Tur;}
{\f1940\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 CG Times Baltic;}{\f1943\fscript\fcharset238\fprq2 ITC Zapf Chancery CE;}{\f1947\fscript\fcharset162\fprq2 ITC Zapf Chancery Tur;}{\f1950\fscript\fcharset186\fprq2 ITC Zapf Chancery Baltic;}
{\f1953\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Clarendon CE;}{\f1957\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Clarendon Tur;}{\f1960\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Clarendon Baltic;}{\f1963\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Clarendon Condensed CE;}
{\f1967\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Clarendon Condensed Tur;}{\f1970\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Clarendon Condensed Baltic;}{\f1973\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Clarendon Extended CE;}{\f1977\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Clarendon Extended Tur;}
{\f1980\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Clarendon Extended Baltic;}{\f1983\fscript\fcharset238\fprq2 Coronet CE;}{\f1987\fscript\fcharset162\fprq2 Coronet Tur;}{\f1990\fscript\fcharset186\fprq2 Coronet Baltic;}{\f1993\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 CourierPS CE;}
{\f1997\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 CourierPS Tur;}{\f2000\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 CourierPS Baltic;}{\f2013\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Helvetica Narrow CE;}{\f2017\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Helvetica Narrow Tur;}
{\f2020\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Helvetica Narrow Baltic;}{\f2023\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 Letter Gothic CE;}{\f2027\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 Letter Gothic Tur;}{\f2030\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 Letter Gothic Baltic;}
{\f2033\fscript\fcharset238\fprq2 Marigold CE;}{\f2037\fscript\fcharset162\fprq2 Marigold Tur;}{\f2040\fscript\fcharset186\fprq2 Marigold Baltic;}{\f2043\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 New Century Schoolbook CE;}
{\f2047\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 New Century Schoolbook Tur;}{\f2050\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 New Century Schoolbook Baltic;}{\f2053\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Antique Olive CE;}{\f2057\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Antique Olive Tur;}
{\f2060\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Antique Olive Baltic;}{\f2063\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Antique Olive Compact CE;}{\f2067\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Antique Olive Compact Tur;}{\f2070\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Antique Olive Compact Baltic;}
{\f2073\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Palatino CE{\*\falt Book Antiqua};}{\f2077\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Palatino Tur{\*\falt Book Antiqua};}{\f2080\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Palatino Baltic{\*\falt Book Antiqua};}{\f2093\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Univers CE;}
{\f2097\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Univers Tur;}{\f2100\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Univers Baltic;}{\f2103\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Univers Condensed CE;}{\f2107\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Univers Condensed Tur;}
{\f2110\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Univers Condensed Baltic;}{\f6103\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CYR CE;}{\f6104\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman CYR Cyr;}{\f6106\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman CYR Greek;}
{\f6107\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman CYR Tur;}{\f6108\froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman CYR (Hebrew);}{\f6109\froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman CYR (Arabic);}{\f6110\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman CYR Baltic;}
{\f6111\froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman CYR (Vietnamese);}{\f6113\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman TUR CE;}{\f6114\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman TUR Cyr;}{\f6116\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman TUR Greek;}
{\f6117\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman TUR Tur;}{\f6118\froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman TUR (Hebrew);}{\f6119\froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman TUR (Arabic);}{\f6120\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman TUR Baltic;}
{\f6121\froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman TUR (Vietnamese);}{\f6123\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial CYR CE;}{\f6124\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial CYR Cyr;}{\f6126\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial CYR Greek;}
{\f6127\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial CYR Tur;}{\f6128\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Arial CYR (Hebrew);}{\f6129\fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Arial CYR (Arabic);}{\f6130\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial CYR Baltic;}
{\f6131\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Arial CYR (Vietnamese);}{\f6133\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial TUR CE;}{\f6134\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial TUR Cyr;}{\f6136\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial TUR Greek;}{\f6137\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial TUR Tur;}
{\f6138\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Arial TUR (Hebrew);}{\f6139\fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Arial TUR (Arabic);}{\f6140\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial TUR Baltic;}{\f6141\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Arial TUR (Vietnamese);}
{\f6143\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 Courier New CYR CE;}{\f6144\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 Courier New CYR Cyr;}{\f6146\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 Courier New CYR Greek;}{\f6147\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 Courier New CYR Tur;}
{\f6148\fmodern\fcharset177\fprq1 Courier New CYR (Hebrew);}{\f6149\fmodern\fcharset178\fprq1 Courier New CYR (Arabic);}{\f6150\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 Courier New CYR Baltic;}{\f6151\fmodern\fcharset163\fprq1 Courier New CYR (Vietnamese);}
{\f6153\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 Courier New TUR CE;}{\f6154\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 Courier New TUR Cyr;}{\f6156\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 Courier New TUR Greek;}{\f6157\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 Courier New TUR Tur;}
{\f6158\fmodern\fcharset177\fprq1 Courier New TUR (Hebrew);}{\f6159\fmodern\fcharset178\fprq1 Courier New TUR (Arabic);}{\f6160\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 Courier New TUR Baltic;}{\f6161\fmodern\fcharset163\fprq1 Courier New TUR (Vietnamese);}
{\f6613\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek CE;}{\f6614\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek Cyr;}{\f6616\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek Greek;}{\f6617\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek Tur;}
{\f6618\froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek (Hebrew);}{\f6619\froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek (Arabic);}{\f6620\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek Baltic;}
{\f6621\froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek (Vietnamese);}{\f6643\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic CE;}{\f6644\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic Cyr;}{\f6646\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic Greek;}
{\f6647\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic Tur;}{\f6648\froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic (Hebrew);}{\f6649\froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic (Arabic);}
{\f6650\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic Baltic;}{\f6651\froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic (Vietnamese);}{\f7663\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial Baltic CE;}{\f7664\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial Baltic Cyr;}
{\f7666\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial Baltic Greek;}{\f7667\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial Baltic Tur;}{\f7668\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Arial Baltic (Hebrew);}{\f7669\fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Arial Baltic (Arabic);}
{\f7670\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial Baltic Baltic;}{\f7671\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Arial Baltic (Vietnamese);}{\f7673\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 Courier New Baltic CE;}{\f7674\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 Courier New Baltic Cyr;}
{\f7676\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 Courier New Baltic Greek;}{\f7677\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 Courier New Baltic Tur;}{\f7678\fmodern\fcharset177\fprq1 Courier New Baltic (Hebrew);}{\f7679\fmodern\fcharset178\fprq1 Courier New Baltic (Arabic);}
{\f7680\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 Courier New Baltic Baltic;}{\f7681\fmodern\fcharset163\fprq1 Courier New Baltic (Vietnamese);}{\f7683\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE CE;}{\f7684\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman CE Cyr;}
{\f7686\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman CE Greek;}{\f7687\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman CE Tur;}{\f7688\froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman CE (Hebrew);}{\f7689\froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman CE (Arabic);}
{\f7690\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman CE Baltic;}{\f7691\froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman CE (Vietnamese);}{\f7693\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial CE CE;}{\f7694\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial CE Cyr;}
{\f7696\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial CE Greek;}{\f7697\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial CE Tur;}{\f7698\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Arial CE (Hebrew);}{\f7699\fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Arial CE (Arabic);}{\f7700\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial CE Baltic;}
{\f7701\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Arial CE (Vietnamese);}{\f7703\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial Greek CE;}{\f7704\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial Greek Cyr;}{\f7706\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial Greek Greek;}
{\f7707\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial Greek Tur;}{\f7708\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Arial Greek (Hebrew);}{\f7709\fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Arial Greek (Arabic);}{\f7710\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial Greek Baltic;}
{\f7711\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Arial Greek (Vietnamese);}{\f7713\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 Courier New CE CE;}{\f7714\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 Courier New CE Cyr;}{\f7716\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 Courier New CE Greek;}
{\f7717\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 Courier New CE Tur;}{\f7718\fmodern\fcharset177\fprq1 Courier New CE (Hebrew);}{\f7719\fmodern\fcharset178\fprq1 Courier New CE (Arabic);}{\f7720\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 Courier New CE Baltic;}
{\f7721\fmodern\fcharset163\fprq1 Courier New CE (Vietnamese);}{\f7723\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 Courier New Greek CE;}{\f7724\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 Courier New Greek Cyr;}{\f7726\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 Courier New Greek Greek;}
{\f7727\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 Courier New Greek Tur;}{\f7728\fmodern\fcharset177\fprq1 Courier New Greek (Hebrew);}{\f7729\fmodern\fcharset178\fprq1 Courier New Greek (Arabic);}{\f7730\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 Courier New Greek Baltic;}
{\f7731\fmodern\fcharset163\fprq1 Courier New Greek (Vietnamese);}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255;\red0\green255\blue0;\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0;\red255\green255\blue0;\red255\green255\blue255;
\red0\green0\blue128;\red0\green128\blue128;\red0\green128\blue0;\red128\green0\blue128;\red128\green0\blue0;\red128\green128\blue0;\red128\green128\blue128;\red192\green192\blue192;}{\stylesheet{
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 \snext0 Normal;}{\*\cs10 \additive \ssemihidden Default Paragraph Font;}{\*
\ts11\tsrowd\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\trcbpat1\trcfpat1\tscellwidthfts0\tsvertalt\tsbrdrt\tsbrdrl\tsbrdrb\tsbrdrr\tsbrdrdgl\tsbrdrdgr\tsbrdrh\tsbrdrv 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\langnp1024\langfenp1024 \snext11 \ssemihidden Normal Table;}{\s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa120\keepn\nowidctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\f4\fs28\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext16 Heading;}{\s16\ql \li0\ri0\sa120\nowidctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext16 Body Text;}{
\s17\ql \li0\ri0\sa120\nowidctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f37\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 \sbasedon16 \snext17 List;}{\s18\ql \li0\ri0\sb120\sa120\nowidctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\i\f37\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext18 \ssemihidden caption;}{\s19\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f37\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext19 
Index;}{\s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext20 Plain Text;}{\s21\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext21 Body Text 3;}{\s22\ql \fi-1134\li1134\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1134\tx1418\tx9781\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1134\itap0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon0 \snext22 dday;}{\*\cs23 \additive \f3 RTF_Num 2 1;}{\*\cs24 \additive RTF_Num 2 2;}{\*\cs25 \additive RTF_Num 2 3;}{\*\cs26 \additive RTF_Num 2 4;}{\*\cs27 \additive RTF_Num 2 5;}{\*\cs28 \additive RTF_Num 2 6;}{\*\cs29 \additive RTF_Num 2 7;}
{\*\cs30 \additive RTF_Num 2 8;}{\*\cs31 \additive RTF_Num 2 9;}}{\*\revtbl {Unknown;}}{\*\rsidtbl \rsid460933\rsid548649\rsid1646802\rsid8606750\rsid10554760}{\*\generator Microsoft Word 10.0.6612;}{\info{\author matt}{\operator John Palmer}
{\creatim\yr2007\mo7\dy21\hr20\min52}{\revtim\yr2007\mo7\dy31\hr11\min18}{\printim\yr2113\mo1\dy1}{\version4}{\edmins26}{\nofpages106}{\nofwords42741}{\nofchars243625}{\*\company  University of Hull}{\nofcharsws285795}{\vern16389}}
\deftab1080\widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\makebackup\noxlattoyen\expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\hyphcaps0\horzdoc\dghspace120\dgvspace120\dghorigin1701\dgvorigin1984\dghshow0\dgvshow3\jcompress\viewkind4\viewscale100\nolnhtadjtbl\rsidroot10554760 
\fet0\sectd \sbknone\linex0\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4
\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}
{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \s22\qc \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar
\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid8606750 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid10554760 NOTES
\par }{\insrsid10554760\charrsid460933 (version 1a)}{\insrsid8606750 
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8606750 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\lang2070\langfe1033\langnp2070\insrsid10554760 ESSEX. }{
\i\lang2070\langfe1033\langnp2070\insrsid10554760 EXSESSA}{\lang2070\langfe1033\langnp2070\insrsid10554760 , }{\i\lang2070\langfe1033\langnp2070\insrsid10554760 EXSAESSA}{\lang2070\langfe1033\langnp2070\insrsid10554760 , abbreviated as }{
\i\lang2070\langfe1033\langnp2070\insrsid10554760 ES'S}{\lang2070\langfe1033\langnp2070\insrsid10554760 , ESS or ESS. }{\insrsid10554760 At the top of the page, to the left of centre (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 References to other Domesday counties are to the chapter and section of the editions in this series (ARR)}{\cf1\insrsid10554760 .}{\insrsid10554760 
\par }{\insrsid8606750 \tab }{\insrsid10554760 These references employ the standard three-letter county abbreviations used throughout this edition (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid8606750 {\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 L\tab LANDHOLDERS. Little Domesday does not g
ive a heading to the list and does not list B [Colchester]. Farley omits the chapter-numbers 2-4, 19-21, 23-24, 29, 72, and 89-90, all of which are present, but faded, in the manuscript and Ordnance Survey facsimile. See also folios 9a and 17a for partial
 lists of landholders which were subsequently deleted (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 L6\tab WESTMINSTER. Farley supplies the overline abbreviation for }{\i\insrsid10554760 er}{\insrsid10554760 , omitted in error in the manuscript (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 L9\tab [BARK]ING. The three dots in Farley represent a mark in the manuscript, obscuring the first part of the place-name, but compare ESS 9, heading (folio 17b) (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 L15\tab CAEN. Farley misreads initial }{\i\insrsid10554760 k}{\insrsid10554760  in the manuscript name-form }{\i\insrsid10554760 kadomo}{\insrsid10554760  as a paragraph-mark followed by initial }{\i\insrsid10554760 c}{\insrsid10554760 
 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 L41\tab CORBUCION. Farley has }{\i\insrsid10554760 corbucionis}{\insrsid10554760 , the manuscript has }{\i\insrsid10554760 corbutionis}{\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 L54\tab AUMALE. Little Domesday: }{\i\insrsid10554760 albamarla}{\insrsid10554760 ; Ordnance Survey facsimile (in error): }{\i\insrsid10554760 albamarl}{\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 L64\tab JOCELYN. Little Domesday: }{\i\insrsid10554760 Goscelm}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 us}{\insrsid10554760 ], see 1,2 Jocelyn note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 L75\tab ANSGER. Farley }{\i\insrsid10554760 An's}{\insrsid10554760 ; manuscript }{\i\insrsid10554760 Ansg'}{\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 L80\tab GUNDWIN. The Ordnance Survey facsimile (in error) has }{\i\insrsid10554760 Gonduin}{\insrsid10554760 , omitting the final abbreviation-mark (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 L89\tab FREE. Farley omits the otiose abbreviation-mark (standing for }{\i\insrsid10554760 er}{\insrsid10554760 ) on the letter fo, given in the manuscript (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 1,1\tab [* EARL *] HAROLD. Earl of Wessex (1053-), king 1066 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab The name Harold is one of the most common in Domesday Book, occurring over 700 times; but it probably represents fewer than 20 individuals, of whom Earl Harold Godwinson is overwhelmingly the most significant, Harold son of Earl Ralph of He
reford being the only other individual of any consequence. In a large number of cases, unfortunately, the scribe has not given Harold his title. In Essex, Norfolk and Suffolk, for instance, he is described as earl only once in each county (B3k. NFK 3,2. S
U
F 68,1) though he undoubtedly held a large number of estates in all three, possibly all but two of those recorded in the three counties. However, there are surprisingly few cases where there is real cause for uncertainty about identifying the earl: the ro
y
al estates, the larger manors, the lordship over men, his territorial predominance in some areas, association with members of his family, and relationships between estates, serve to distinguish him in the majority of cases; but see BUK 17,22 Harold note. 
Ann Williams, 'Land and Power', pp. 171-87, 230-34, discusses Harold's estates and those of his men; and Clarke, }{\i\insrsid10554760 English Nobility}{\insrsid10554760 
, pp. 164-91, lists them. Clarke tends to omit the dependencies where Harold is not explicitly named, or holdings named only in 
satellite texts (CON 4,2. KEN 2,5;41;43). He has also omitted the following: BUK 3a,5. 26,11. 30,1. CHS 8,41. ESS 1,23. HEF 1,56. 17,2. HRT 1,15. 5,5. HUN 13,1-3. NFK 8,33. 9,178; 233. 20,8;19;24;31. 21,16;22;33-34. 22,2-8. 26,3. NTT 3,1-3. OXF 58,30. SUF
 1,119. 36,3;5-7;15. 38,21. 39,17. 67,12;17. 76,6;20;23. SUR 26,1. WIL 18,2. 41,1; and the entries for GLS 30,1 and 50,3 have been confused (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab BENFLEET. Probably North Benfleet, see }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 428, note 1 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab RANULF BROTHER OF ILGER. See ESS 37 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab THEN. }{\i\insrsid10554760 T}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 un}{\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\insrsid10554760 c}{\insrsid10554760 , before 1066 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab NOW. }{\i\insrsid10554760 M}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 odo}{\insrsid10554760 ], in 1086 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ALWAYS. }{\i\insrsid10554760 Se}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 m}{\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\insrsid10554760 p}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 er}{\insrsid10554760 ]; that is, before 1066 and still in 1086 (ARR).}{
\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab THEN 3 SLAVES, NOW 3. There is perhaps a statistical error in Little Domesday here, as this situation would have been better expressed as 'Always 3 slaves' (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab FREE MAN ... ONE OF THE VILLAGERS. He may have held the \'bd hide mentioned in the next sentence and have suffered a loss of status when his land was given to the church (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 275 no. 1795 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab CHURCH OF ANOTHER MANOR. Probably St Mary's Church mentioned in 6,1 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 275 no. 1795 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab 49 ACRES. Farley and the Ordnance Survey facsimile show the otiose abbreviation-mark over the letter }{\i\insrsid10554760 c}{\insrsid10554760  as in the manuscript (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab 49 ACRES. Farley and the Ordnance Survey facsimile show the otiose abbreviation-mark over the letter }{\i\insrsid10554760 c}{\insrsid10554760  as in the manuscript (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 1,2\tab [* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab PETER THE SHERIFF. See ESS 36 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid8606750 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid10554760 \tab 
SWEIN ^[OF ESSEX]^ ^[RALPH]^ BAYNARD. See ESS 24 and ESS 33. The patronym 'Baynard' is used on its own here in relation to Ralph Baynard, being qualified by the title 'sheriff'. Compare 1,27 Baynard note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid8606750 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid10554760 \tab THROUGH ... CATTLE PLAGUE. }{\i\insrsid10554760 p}{
\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 er}{\insrsid10554760 ] }{\i\insrsid10554760 mortem}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 bestiaru}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 m}{\insrsid10554760 
]. This occurred at some time between 1066 and 1086 and affected the number of ploughs through the death of the oxen which drew them (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab 4 [***]. The category of livestock has been omitted in Little Domesday (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab BUT THE SHERIFF RECEIVES FROM IT \'a334. It is unclear whether this implies wrong-doing by the sheriff or simply records the increase in exactions since the Conquest which was a regular feature of royal manors; see also Fleming, }{
\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 275 no. 1796 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab HILBOD [* BROTHER OF ARNULF OF HESDIN *]. See ESS 69 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab THEODRIC POINTEL. See ESS 71 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab Theodric may previously have had some official standing since his activities had left their mark on several royal manors: 1,2;4;6;14;16;27 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab RANULF PEVEREL. See ESS 34 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab DO NOT PAY THE CUSTOMARY DUE. It is unclear whether this implies wrong-doing by either free men (or Ranulf Peverel) or is simply a statement of the status of these free men; see also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 
Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 275 no. 1796 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab VALUE 15s. The gap in Farley before }{\i\insrsid10554760 xv}{\insrsid10554760  represents an erasure in the manuscript (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab WILLIAM SON OF GROSS. See 11,1 William note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab RALPH BAYNARD. RALPH BAYNARD. See ESS 33 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab HAIMO THE STEWARD. See ESS 28 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab JOCELYN LORIMER. See ESS 64. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 Goscelm}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 us}{\insrsid10554760 ] is in error for }{\i\insrsid10554760 Goscelin}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 us}{
\insrsid10554760 ]. }{\i\insrsid10554760 Early Charters of Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 22 no. 44 note, identifies this hide with land at Terling said in the Ely land pleas of 1071 x 1075 to be held by one }{\i\insrsid10554760 Gotselm}{\insrsid10554760 
 but which formerly belonged to Ely Abbey; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 Inquisitio}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Comitatus}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Cantabrigiensis}{\insrsid10554760 , (Hamilton, p. 193) (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab MONKS OF ST ETHELDREDA OF ELY. This hide is not mentioned in ESS 10, but see }{\i\insrsid10554760 Inquisitio}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Eliensis}{\insrsid10554760 , (Hamilton, p. 128) (ARR).
\par \tab \tab For his annexation at the expense of Barking Abbey, see 9,7 Lorimer note; see also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 275 no. 1796 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 1,3\tab [* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab 40 MEN'S PLOUGHS, NOW 31 \'bd. The \'bd plough represents \'bd a plough-team, 4 oxen (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ALL OF THE SHERIFFS. That is, it was a cumulative loss due to a disease which had continued since 1066, during which time there was a succession of sheriffs in Essex (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab SWEIN ^[OF ESSEX]^.... AFTER HE LOST THE SHERIFFDOM. He had been replaced as sheriff first by Ralph Baynard (ESS 33) and then by Peter of Valognes (ESS 36) before 1086 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab 1 HIDE ... TOOK AWAY. This land does not appear to be recorded in the fief of Swein; see also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 275 no. 1797 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab G[EOFFREY] DE MANDEVILLE. }{\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid10554760 See ESS 30 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab \'bd HIDE ... TOOK AWAY. Neither the Freeman nor the \'bd hide appear to be recorded in Geoffrey's fief; see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
, p. 275 no. 1797 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab COUNT E[USTACE]. See ESS 20 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab OSMUND OF ANJOU. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 angeuin}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] from Old French }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 angeuin}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , Tengvik, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Old}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 English}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 132 (ARR).
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab Osmund of Anjou does not appear elsewhere in Domesday Book (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab ROBERT GERNON. ROBERT GERNON. See ESS 32 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab DISPOSSESSED THE KING'S REEVE. Neither the 30 acres of land nor the 40 acres of woodland appear to be recorded in Robert's fief; see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 275 no. 1797. Woodland recorded in acres is uncommon in Essex and in Little Domesday generally (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab \'bd HIDE WHICH 1 FREEMAN HELD. The \'bd does not appear to be recorded in Robert's fief; see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 276 no. 1797 (JP).}{
\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab HERTFORD, [GREAT AND LITTLE] AMWELL, HODDESDON ... RALPH OF LIMESY. Ralph is recorded as holding 14 \'bd
 hides at Amwell in 1086 (HRT 23,4), held by Earl Harold in 1066 and presumably including the outlier at Amwell mentioned here. The Hoddesdon and H
ertford outliers are probably the woodland at Hailey belonging 'to 3 hides of Amwell' and the 24 acres of Hertford, respectively, which Ralph claimed from Geoffrey of Bec in 1086 (HRT 34,13 and HRT 23,4 Amwell note); }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Hodesduna}
{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  has been altered in the manuscript from }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Hodestuna}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (ARR).
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 276 no. 1797 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab LATER ON WE RECOVERED \'bd HIDE. The use of the first person plural here reflects the compilation of the chapter on the king's lands (ESS 1) by his own officials who had taken action to recover this \'bd
 hide between 1066 and 1086; compare 66,1. The \'bd hide was at Ryes (see 28,6), and had been granted out again by the king in 1086 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 276 no. 1797 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab RALPH OF MARCY. Possibly from Marcey[-les-Gr\'e8ves] (in the French d\'e9partement of Manche: arrondissement Avranches); see Tengvik, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Old}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
English}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 97 (who calls it Marcy). See also 28,6. Compare also 20,6 for another annexation by him from Earl Harold's land (ARR).
\par }{\insrsid8606750 \tab \tab }{\insrsid10554760 It has recently been suggested that Marcy (in the French d\'e9partement of Aisne: arrondissement Saint-Quentin) or Marcy-sous-Marle are more probable (in the French d\'e9
partement of Aisne: arrondissement Laon): Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 People}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 334 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 1,4\tab [* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab HAVERING [-ATTE-BOWER]. }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  Essex, i. p. 429 note 6, takes }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Haueringas}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  to be a plural La
tin accusative form but it is in fact an Old English plural nominative. Compare 6,8 Feering note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab ROBERT SON OF CORBUCION. ROBERT SON OF CORBUCION ... 3 HIDES. These were at Leyton (41,4), although 8 Freemen are recorded there. The manuscript has an erasure after }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 M}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 odo}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ], whence the gap in the Ordnance Survey facsimile, not shown by Farley (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab HUGH DE MONTFORT. HUGH DE MONTFORT ... FOURTH HIDE. At Leyton. See 27,3 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab HAVE NOT PAID THE CUSTOMARY DUE. This presumably means that the free men no longer pay their customary due to the royal manor, rather than that they had withheld it from Robert and Hugh; see also Fleming, }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 276 no. 1798 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 4 \'bd HIDES. Presumably referring to those at Leyton in 41,3 although Havering is not mentioned there (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 30 ACRES. Probably at Fyfield, see 40,7 Fyfield note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 1,6\tab THEODRIC POINTEL. See ESS 71 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab ANNEXED IT. This annexation is not recorded in Theodric's fief (ESS 71); see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 276 no. 1799 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 

\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 'STUDLY'. Lost, in Woodham Ferrers: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 of}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
, p. 276 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab ANOTHER VILLAGER. Farley }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 7.}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ali}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 uill}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 anus}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] is in error for }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 7}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 .i.}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ali}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 uill}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 anus}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
] of the manuscript (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 1,8\tab NEVER PAID SERVICE OR THE CUSTOMARY DUE. Goldstan was presumably held to be liable for service and payment of the customary due as an unattached Freeman; see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 276 no. 1800. A Goldstan held a house in Colchester (B3a) and had held land }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 T.R.E}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 . in 90,49 and
 KEN M11. These are the only occurrences of this name in Domesday Book so they may refer to one individual (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 1,9\tab EARL [ALGAR]. The manuscript has }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Edgarus}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  in error for }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Algarus}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
 (that is Earl Algar, (he of 1,11; see 1,11 Algar note), see CAM 1,10;15;22 where he is correctly named. Compare }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Liber}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Eliensis}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
, p. 166 where he is called }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Elgarus}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
; the Little Domesday error was probably caused by the misreading of a similar spelling. There may however have been some confusion with Earl Algar's son Earl Edwin (died in 1071) (ARR).
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab See also 1,11 Algar note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab PICOT ^[THE SHERIFF]^. Of Cambridgeshire in 1086 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 1 \'bd HIDES ... IN CAMBRIDGESHIRE. At Hinxton (CAM 1,10;22) (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab A MILL. Farley }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 7.}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 mol}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 endinum}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] is in error for }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 7}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 .i}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 . }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 mol}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 endinum}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
] of the manuscript (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab LATER. }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 P}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ost}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ]; between 1066 and 1086 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 1 \'bd HIDES WHICH HARDWIN OF SCALES HOLDS. Probably at Babraham and Hinxton (CAM 26,11;14) (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab HUNDRED DOES NOT KNOW HOW. It is not unusual for the jury to confess ignorance, implyi
ng a suspicion of an illegality which they will not or cannot specify. A hint here, perhaps, that Hardwin's title to the land was suspect; see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
, p. 276 no. 1801 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab PAID SUIT. }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 reddebat}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 soca}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 m}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ], attended court or pa
id a fine in lieu (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab PICOT ^[THE SHERIFF]^ }{\lang1030\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp1030\insrsid10554760 HOLDS \'bd HIDE. At Babraham (CAM 1,1}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ) (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 1,10\tab HEORUWULF. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 Horolf}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 us}{\insrsid10554760 ]; Old English }{\i\insrsid10554760 Heoruwulf}{\insrsid10554760 ; see von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid10554760 
Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 289 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab TEZELIN THE PRIEST. See also 3,11 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 1,11\tab [EARL] ALGAR. Earl Algar was the son of Earl Leofric and Countess Godiva, and father of earls Edwin and Morcar; he was Earl of East Anglia 1051-1052, 1053-1057; of Mercia 1057-1062. He was probably dead by 1066, see Harmer, }{
\i\insrsid10554760 Anglo-Saxon}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Writs}{\insrsid10554760 , pp. 546-47. See also 1,9 Earl note. For his wife Aelfeva, see B3j (ARR).
\par \tab \tab His stormy political career is documented in Maund, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Ireland}{\insrsid10554760 ,}{\i\insrsid10554760  Wales and England}{\insrsid10554760  (JP).
\par \tab \tab Although the name Algar is a common one, the earl can be identified with reason
able confidence on a number of manors where his title is omitted. The Algar who held royal manors in Derby (DBY B14. 1,8), Essex (1,9;12-13) and Suffolk (SUF 1,121) is almost certainly the earl (though disguised as Earl Edgar in 1,9), as is the Algar who 
held the valuable (\'a325) manor of Broadwell (OXF 54,1), probably also once a royal manor since it was in the hands of Princess Christina in 1086. The Algar of NTT 30,26 is also shown to be the earl by its dependency on NTT 1,59-60. See also Clarke, }{
\i\insrsid10554760 English Nobility}{\insrsid10554760 , pp. 206-212, whose list omits some dependencies and CAM 14,27. 26,17;19;26. ESS 41,2. 82,1. GLS 34,2. NTT 27,1 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab LATER ON. }{\i\insrsid10554760 post}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 ea}{\insrsid10554760 , with incorrect word division; so in the manuscript (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab THE QUEEN. Probably Queen Matilda, consort to William I, who appears to have been given the lands formerly belonging to Earl Algar; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 
, i. p. 337. Compare B3j (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab OTTO [THE GOLDSMITH]. See ESS 81, and B3j (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab RICHARD SON OF COUNT GILBERT. RICHARD SON OF COUNT GILBERT. See ESS 23 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \'bd HIDE WITH JURISDICTION BEFORE 1066. This appears to be the \'bd
 hide held by Walter the cook recorded in 67,1 without reference to its jurisdiction lying in the royal manor of Shalford. The implication of 'before 1066' here may therefore be that the manor had suffered a loss in this respect; see also Fleming, }{
\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 276 no. 1802 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab WALTER SON OF GILBERT. WALTER SON OF GILBERT. He was probably the same as Walter the cook, see ESS 67 Walter note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 1,12\tab [EARL] ALGAR. See 1,11 Algar note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab THE QUEEN. See 1,11 Queen note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab OTTO [THE GOLDSMITH]. See 1,11 Otto note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab AS DUES. See 1,11 dues note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 1,13\tab LESS 15 ACRES. }{\i\insrsid10554760 min}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 us}{\insrsid10554760 
] is written overline in the manuscript preceded by an insertion-sign in the form of a colon, repeated at the point of insertion in the text after }{\i\insrsid10554760 ac}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 re}{\insrsid10554760 ] (ARR).}{
\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab 7 PIGS. In the manuscript }{\i\insrsid10554760 por}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 ci}{\insrsid10554760 ] has been altered to }{\i\insrsid10554760 bor}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 darii}{\insrsid10554760 
]. Farley is in error here and the correct reading is 'smallholders' (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab GILBERT SON OF WARIN HOLDS. The implication seems be that these lands were lost to the manor; they are not recorded elsewhere; see also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 
, p. 276 no. 1803. This is the only occurrence of Gilbert son of Warin in Domesday Book (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab BELONGED TO THIS MANOR. The tense of the verb suggests that the 7 \'bd acres had been removed from the manor though they do not appear to be recorded in Count Alan's fief (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab COUNT ALAN. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 Alam}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 us}{\insrsid10554760 ], probably for }{\i\insrsid10554760 Alain}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 us}{\insrsid10554760 
]. See ESS 21 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab 45 ACRES. See 23,28 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab There it is made clear that these 45 acres had been lost to the royal manor; see also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 276 no. 1803 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 1,13a\tab APART ... KING'S SERVICE. Perhaps referring to the general liability to help with the '3 burdens' of military service and the upkeep of bridges and fortifications (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 1,14\tab HUNDRED OF 'WIBRIHTESHERNE'. The hundred rubric is in error for Barstable, being placed one entry too soon (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab LEOFHARD. This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab FISHERY. In the present edition }{\i\insrsid10554760 piscina}{\insrsid10554760  has in most counties been translated as 'fishpond' in distinction to }{\i\insrsid10554760 piscaria}{\insrsid10554760 
 fishery', but since in Essex only }{\i\insrsid10554760 piscina}{\insrsid10554760  occurs, it has been translated as 'fishery' throughout. Compare Darby, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 England}{\insrsid10554760 
, p. 279 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 1,16\tab "ULUUINESCHERHAM". Unidentified; 'Wulfwin's }{\i\insrsid10554760 Cherham}{\insrsid10554760  or }{\i\insrsid10554760 Scherham}{\i\up6\insrsid10554760 '}{\insrsid10554760 . The primary place-name here is either Old English }{
\i\insrsid10554760 c}{\insrsid10554760 (}{\i\insrsid10554760 i}{\insrsid10554760 )}{\i\insrsid10554760 err}{\insrsid10554760  'a turn, bend' or Old English }{\i\insrsid10554760 scir}{\insrsid10554760  'bright' with either Old English }{
\i\f710\insrsid10554760 h\'e2m}{\insrsid10554760  'estate' or }{\i\insrsid10554760 hamm}{\insrsid10554760  'an enclosure' (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab NOW THEY ARE NOT THERE. The free men, that is, not the hides. This holding is not recorded in the fief of Theodric Pointel (ESS 71); see also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 
, p. 277 no. 1804 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 1,16a\tab DOES NOT PAY TAX. The implication, presumably, is that he should do so, not that he is exempt from doing so; see also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 277 no. 1805 (JP).}{
\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 1,17\tab RANULF PEVEREL. He held 5 \'bd hides and 10 acres in that part of Maldon which was in this hundred, see 34,12. He also had another \'bd hide and 24 acres in the Half-Hundred of Maldon, see 34,31 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 1,17a\tab NOW [* RALPH *] BAYNARD HAS THEM. BAYNARD. Probably Ralph Baynard (ESS 33) (ARR).
\par \tab \tab Neither the free men not the 6 acres appear in the fief of Ralph Baynard though the phrasing here implies that he had removed them from royal hands; see also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 
, p. 277 no. 1805 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 1,18\tab GRIM THE REEVE. See ESS 83 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab HAS ALWAYS HELD. Translating }{\i\insrsid10554760 ten&}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 se}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 m}{\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\insrsid10554760 p}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 er}{
\insrsid10554760 ] (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 1,19\tab [* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab LAYER. The boundary of Stanway partly overlaps with that of Layer-de-la-Haye in 'Winstree' Hundred (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab LEXDEN. See also B2 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab PETER ^[THE SHERIFF]^. The sheriff. Compare 1,2 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab RAYMOND GERALD. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 Reimund}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 us}{\insrsid10554760 ] }{\i\insrsid10554760 girald}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 us}{\insrsid10554760 
], the second name probably being a patronym (Old German }{\i\insrsid10554760 Gerald}{\insrsid10554760 , Forssner, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Continental-Germanic}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Personal Names}{\insrsid10554760 , pp. 103-104) although }
{\i\insrsid10554760 filius}{\insrsid10554760  is omitted. Compare 32,24 where it is stated that Raymond had taken away another villager in this hundred (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 277 no. 1807 (JP).
\par }{\insrsid8606750 \tab \tab }{\insrsid10554760 Raymond G
erald was described as the predecessor of Roger of Poitou in NFK 1,226 and had also preceded Roger on two (or possibly three) manors in Suffolk (SUF 8,51;55;63; see SUF 8,51 Gerald note). In Norfolk he is noted as having 'departed' (NFK 1,226) and nowhere
 is he shown as holding land in 1086 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ROGER OF POITOU. Compare 32,24 where Roger is recorded in possession of the villager mentioned in 1,19 Raymond note. In 47,3 he is said to have appropriated another 10 acres in this hundred (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 277 no. 1807 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *]. See also 20,1 Engelric note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid8606750 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid10554760 \tab BRICTEVA <OF STANWAY>. Note to be supplied (JP).}{
\insrsid8606750 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid8606750 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid10554760 \tab 
32 PENNIES. That is two "ora" of 16 pence, see Harvey, 'Royal revenue and Domesday terminology' (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 1,20\tab [* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab 3[S]. Little Domesday omits }{\i\insrsid10554760 sol}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 idos}{\insrsid10554760 ] (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 1,21\tab HUNDRED OF CHAFFORD. In error for Chelmsford Hundred, in which Fingrith Hall lay; compare }{\i\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 of}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{
\insrsid10554760 , p. 236. There is some scribal confusion between the two hundreds in this and the following four entries. }{\i\insrsid10554760 cesfeworda}{\insrsid10554760  is a Little Domesday error for }{\i\insrsid10554760 ceffeworda}{
\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab [* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 1,22\tab FRIDEBERT. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 Frieb}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 er}{\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\insrsid10554760 t}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 us}{\insrsid10554760 ]; either Old German }{
\i\insrsid10554760 Fridebert}{\insrsid10554760 , }{\i\insrsid10554760 Frithebert}{\insrsid10554760  or possibly Old English }{\i\insrsid10554760 Frithubeorht}{\insrsid10554760 ; see von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid10554760 
Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 254. Compare ESS 70 Hagebern note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab MARGARETTING. Identified by }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 433, note 4 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 1,23\tab [* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab THE QUEEN. Probably Queen Matilda; see 1,11 queen note) (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab [* RANULF THE *] SHERIFF OF SURREY. Named as Ranulf in Surrey SUR 1,1c and SUR 5,28 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 1,24\tab [* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab 16 HIDES ... 14. Engelric had taken 2 hides: see 1,24 Engelric note (ARR).
\par \tab \tab This appears to be the manor recorded in 20,51 although both the hidage (3 hides) and the revenue derived from the manor (\'a312) recorded there differ from those in this entry; see also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{
\insrsid10554760 , p. 277 no. 1808 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab BY WEIGHT. }{\i\insrsid10554760 ad}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 pond}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 us}{\insrsid10554760 
], that is the coins were weighed (although apparently not assayed) rather than being accepted at face value. This was to counteract any payment in coins which had been clipped (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *] ... OF IT. Engelric was Count Eustace's predecessor (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See 20,1 Engelric note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ROBERT GERNON. ROBERT GERNON ... WOODLAND. Robert himself was probably the king's Forester in Essex, see }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 347 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 

\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab FREE. }{\i\insrsid10554760 lib}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 er}{\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\insrsid10554760 ae}{\insrsid10554760  for }{\i\insrsid10554760 lib}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 er}{\insrsid10554760 ]}{
\i\insrsid10554760 e}{\insrsid10554760  and describing the intended tenure rather than the act of giving (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab R[OBERT] BISHOP OF HEREFORD. R[OBERT] BISHOP OF HEREFORD. Robert Losinga 1079-1095 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab IN WRITTLE ... 50s. Most of this information is repeated at 19,1 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab The hide lost from the royal land had presumably been abstracted by the bishop; see also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 277 no. 1808 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 1,25\tab SWEIN ^[OF ESSEX]^ 'S LAND. That is Swein the sheriff.
\par \tab \tab See 24,63 where however the king is said to have only 3s from customary dues (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab KING HAS NOT HAD. The meaning is presumably that the king had been defrauded of payments from his own hall, from the land of Swein, and from the 2 houses of Eudo, not simply from the last of these; see also Fleming, }{
\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 277 no. 1809 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab RANULF PEVEREL. See 34,31 for his Maldon land in this half-hundred (ARR).
\par \tab \tab It is unclear whether Ranulf''s exaction from the free men was solely at their expense, or also at the king's in the form of lost dues; see also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 277 no. 1810 (JP).}{
\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab FOR 3s. }{\i\insrsid10554760 p}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 er}{\insrsid10554760 ] .}{\i\insrsid10554760 iii}{\insrsid10554760 . }{\i\insrsid10554760 sol}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 idos}{\insrsid10554760 
], that is 'to the value of 3s' (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab BEFORE 1066 ... BY WEIGHT. Compare 34,31 \'a312 note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab PETER ^[THE SHERIFF]^. The sheriff (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 1,26\tab HUNDRED OF TENDRING. }{\i\insrsid10554760 Tendering}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 &}{\insrsid10554760  in Farley is in error for }{\i\insrsid10554760 Tenderingae}{\insrsid10554760  of the manuscript (ARR).}{
\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab [* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab HARKSTEAD. A Suffolk outlier of Brightlingsea, see SUF 1,96 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab P[ETER] ^[THE SHERIFF]^. The sheriff. Farley }{\i\insrsid10554760 p}{\insrsid10554760 ', manuscript }{\i\insrsid10554760 P}{\insrsid10554760 ' (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab 4 CATTLE AND 5 PIGS. Apparently additional to the previous total. These figures do not tally with those for Harkstead in SUF 1,96 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 1,27\tab [* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab [* RALPH *] BAYNARD. Ralph Baynard (ESS 33), compare 1,2 Swein note. Here the context again allows the forename to be omitted (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab PETER ^[THE SHERIFF]^. The sheriff (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab AFTER THE KING CAME TO THIS LAND. References to the king's arrival are more numerous in Essex than in any other county. In
 most cases, the phrase or its equivalents (see 3,8 after note) clearly has legal implications for title. Thus this or similar formulae are occur several times in relation to Robert son of Wiuhomarch (24,23;25;29;35;43;55;59;65-66) and to Engelric the pri
e
st (20,19;22;25-26;41;52;56;71;73-74;76), who had acquired many lands after the Conquest, perhaps implying that the title of their successors needed confirmation. Reference to land being held 'as a manor before 1066' - very common in Essex - is presumably
 intended to emphasise that the land had not been granted during Harold's reign. See Garnett, 'Coronation and Propaganda', pp. 91-116, especially 99-107, and see also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 
, p. 277 no. 1811 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab THEODRIC POINTEL APPROPRIATED THIS LAND. For Pointel's activities on other royal manors, see 1,2 Pointel note; see also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 277 no. 1811 (JP).}{
\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab WOODLAND. Farley }{\i\insrsid10554760 Silua}{\insrsid10554760 , manuscript }{\i\insrsid10554760 Silu}{\f1\insrsid10554760 '}{\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab 1 OUTLIER ... IT. Cf. 20,69 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab There Engelric's annexation is recorded in detail. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 277-78 no. 1811 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *]. See also 20,1 Engelric note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ROGER OF RAMES. See ESS 39 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab Neither the 21 Freemen or their land are recorded in the fief of Roger, by exchange or otherwise; see also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 277-78 no. 1811 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab CALLS SWEIN ^[OF ESSEX]^ AS DELIVERER. That is, to bear witness that he had delivered ownership, as sheriff, on the king's behalf to Roger (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab RICHARD SON OF COUNT GILBERT. RICHARD SON OF COUNT GILBERT. He held Alresford (23,33) which came within the jurisdiction of Lawford (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab HOW HE SHOULD HOLD THEM. 'He' presumably being the king, his officials were unaware of his rights due to their loss of control after 1066; see also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 
, p. 278 no. 1811 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab WALERAN [* FATHER OF JOHN *]. The father of John (ESS 40) (ARR).
\par \tab \tab His annexation of the Freeman is not recorded in his fief; see also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 278 no. 1811 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab HAGEBERT. Apparently Old German }{\i\insrsid10554760 Hagabert}{\insrsid10554760 , }{\i\insrsid10554760 Hagibert}{\insrsid10554760  (Forssner, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Continental-Germanic}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 
Personal Names}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 138) but compare ESS 70 Hagebern note (ARR).
\par \tab \tab The Freeman is not recorded on Hagebert's fief; but he may have held the 30 acres as a subtenant on the royal manor (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab COUNT E[USTACE]. An annexation at Lawford by Engelric is recorded on the fief of Count Eustace in 20,69 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab The details, however, do not match those given here; see also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 278 no. 1811 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab BISHOP OF BAYEUX. BISHOP OF BAYEUX ... HIM. See 18,44 land note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab RANULF BROTHER OF ILGER. RANULF ... 15 ACRES. See 37,20 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab Presumably held legally: the 15 acres are described as held 'in the jurisdiction of Lawford' in Ranulf's fief (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab HUGH DE MONTFORT [HOLDS] 30 ACRES. These 30 acres do not appear to be recorded in Hugh's fief, and there is no indication as to whether he held them legitimately as a subtenant on the royal manor (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab RALPH BAYNARD ... 35 ACRES. See 33,17 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab There Ralph's possession of these 35 acres is recorded and witnesses from the manor of Lawford are said to have testified tha
t they were held by exchange; other witnesses to the exchange, however, were wanting, implying some doubt as to the legality of Ralph's possession (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab EUDO THE STEWARD [HOLDS] 37 \'bd ACRES. These 37 \'bd acres do not appear to be recorded in Eudo's fief (ESS 25), and there is no indication as to whether he held them legitimately as a subtenant on the royal manor (JP).}{
\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ROGER. ROGER ... LONDON. Probably he of 4,5 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab However, that holding is not the one recorded here, which may or may not have been held legitimately as a subtenant (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab WALTER THE DEACON [HOLDS] 5 ACRES. These 5 acres do not appear to be recorded in Walter's fief (ESS 42), and there is no indication as to whether he held them legitimately as a subtenant on the royal manor (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 

\par }{\insrsid10554760 1,28\tab [* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab [GREAT] SHELFORD. See CAM 1,17 where it is said that Peter of Valognes holds 3 hides in Shelford of the king's revenue in Newport (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab THIS OUTLIER WAS. }{\i\insrsid10554760 Hec}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 berewita}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 erat}{\insrsid10554760 , altered from }{\i\insrsid10554760 Hec}{\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\insrsid10554760 berewita}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 e}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 st}{\insrsid10554760 ]; so in the manuscript. For }{\i\insrsid10554760 berewica}{\insrsid10554760 , Old English }{\i\f710\insrsid10554760 bere-w
\'eec}{\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ROBERT GERNON. See ESS 32 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab MERCY REGARDING ... PROPERTY AND BODY. References to the King's mercy are uncommon in Domesday Book and this is a particularly clear statement of its impl
ications; see HRT 1,9;13. HUN B12; SUF 76,19. WAR 44,12. WOR C5. This case is also unusual for calling to account a landowner for past illegalities for which restitution had been made (but see 1,27 Pointel note); see also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 
Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 278 no. 1813 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 1,29\tab [* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 1,30\tab EDEVA [* THE FAIR *]. Some of her land in Suffolk (SUF 1,61;63-64;67;73) was later held by Earl Ralph and then by Godric the steward. See also 1,30 Edeva note (ARR).
\par \tab \tab Edeva the
 fair, also named Edeva the rich (SUF 1,61;63. 31,54) and Countess Edeva (SUF 4,17) in Domesday Book, was the among the dozen wealthiest lay landowners of Anglo-Saxon England, her possessions exceeded only by those of Queen Edith and Countess Gytha among 
f
emale landowners. She has often been identified with Edith Swan-neck, married for some twenty years (though not in the eyes of the Church) to Earl Harold Godwinson, and mother of at least six of his children. Conclusive proof of this identification has ne
v
er been found; but her beauty, her wealth, and its concentration in the area where Harold began his public career and was earl for almost a decade, make the identification probable. Her posthumous career tends to confirm this. She was the predecessor of C
o
unt Alan of Brittany who later abducted Harold's daughter Gunnhild from the nunnery at Wilton, probably, it has been argued, to secure title to his estates, which presupposes the identity of Edith and Edeva: Searle, 'Women and the succession', pp. 159-70;
 226-29, at pp. 167-69 (JP).
\par \tab \tab Edeva's status as a lord of men and predecessor of Count Alan of Brittany identify her on many holdings where her byname is omitted; a few others can be identified because she or her men had other holdings in the same vill, as
 in Reed (HRT 5,16. 16,5-6), Wratworth and Whitwell (CAM 13,9-10. 14,42-43). The Edith of Norton (SUF 1,88-90) is shown to be a scribal error for Edeva by its dependencies at SUF 1,61-64;67-73, where Edeva the fair is named in full. The Countess Edeva of 
4,17 can scarcely be anyone other than Edeva the fair; the only likely alternative, Queen Edith, presupposes scribal errors in both name and title. See also Clarke, }{\i\insrsid10554760 English Nobility}{\insrsid10554760 
, pp. 273-79, whose list omits BUK 4,1. CAM 13,8-10. ESS 4,16. HRT 5,16. SUF 3,71;84. 4,17 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab EARL RALPH ^[WADER]^. As 21,9 Earl note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 2\tab HOLY TRINITY, CANTERBURY. That is Christ Church, Canterbury. The lands in this chapter were later subject to the dean of Bocking; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 
, i. p. 340 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 2,2\tab 2 HIDES IN [WEST] MERSEA. Bocking Hall (in 'Winstree' Hundred, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 of}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 
, pp. 320-21), an estate in West Mersea granted with Bocking to Christ Church, Canterbury between 995 and 999 by Aethelric and Leofwynn; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 Early Charters of Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , pp. 16-18 no. 30 (= Sawyer, }{\i\insrsid10554760 
Anglo-Saxon}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Charters}{\insrsid10554760 , no. 1218) (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 2,4\tab LAWLING. For the annexation by the monks of 1 hide there, see 90,79 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 2,6\tab ST LAWRENCE. Formerly 'Newland'; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 of}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 224 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab INTERRUPTING THIS ENTRY, where it runs from folio 8a to 8b there is in the manuscript a list of hidages; see \{Introduction: the Manuscript\}.}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 2,9\tab AFTER THIS ENTRY there is in the manuscript a partial list of landholders; see \{Introduction: the Manuscript\}.}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 3\tab LAND OF THE BISHOP OF LONDON. For the lands of the bishopric, see Taylor, 'Endowment of the See of London' (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 3,1\tab AELFTHRYTH. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 Alftred}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 queda}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 m}{\insrsid10554760 ] }{\i\insrsid10554760 femina}{\insrsid10554760 
; see von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 181 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 3,2\tab BISHOP WILLIAM. Of London, 1051-1075. See ESS 4 Holding note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab COUNT EUSTACE ... 100 MANORS. See 20,4 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab That entry describes the hide, said there to have been held from the Church by Engelric, the predecessor of Count 
Eustace. The implication of this, and of the statement that the hide was not part of the count's 100 manors, is that he had no legal title. As in many hundreds of cases in Domesday Book, the reference to legal title is elliptical; see also Fleming, }{
\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 278 no. 1813 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab WOODLAND, 1000 [PIGS]. Little Domesday omits }{\i\insrsid10554760 porci}{\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab TIDBALD. This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 3,5\tab ST PAUL'S HELD. Literally 'St Paul held'. Referring to St Paul's Cathedral, London (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab RALPH SON OF BRIAN. }{\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid10554760 For Brian, Farley has }{\i\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid10554760 brieu}{\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid10554760 ; manuscript: }{
\i\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid10554760 brien}{\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab FROM THE BISHOP. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 dep'o}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  is in error for }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 de}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ep}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}
{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 iscop}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 o}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 3,7\tab ADJUDGED .
.. BY KING WILLIAM'S COMMAND. The implications of this curious phrase are difficult to discern though they may be related to the structure of the bishop's estate in Essex, where the holdings attached to the bishopric are listed separately from those the b
i
shop had purchased (ESS 4). The two holdings at Layer, however, had not belonged to the Church before 1066 so title was unclear. Perhaps they had been granted by the king to Bishop William himself. Whatever the explanation in these cases, the absence of a
ny comparable statement in 3,1 also held independently before the Conquest, is puzzling. For the peculiarities of the estates of the Bishopric of London, see Taylor, 'Endowment of the See of London', especially pp. 303-305; see also Fleming, }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 278 no. 1814, who translates }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 deraciocinavit}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  - 'adjudged' here - as 'established title' (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 

\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 3,8\tab ADDED 15 ACRES AFTER 1066. Additions of this kind are noted frequently in some circuits, implying illegal acts and uncertain titles, as the test
imony of the hundred jury indicates was the case here. The statement that the annexation had taken place since the death of King Edward, also had legal implications: see Garnett, 'Coronation and Propaganda', pp. 91-116, especially 99-107, and see also 1,2
7 king note, and Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 278-79 no. 1815 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 3,9\tab IN SOUTHMINSTER. The preposition }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 in}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  was added as an afterthought and is squeezed into the space before }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Sudmunstra'}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 . Although the addition of }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 in}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  made the abbreviation-mark on the place-name incorrect, the scribe forgot to erase it (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 14 MEN. Probably the '14 men-at-arms' referred to in 3,9 bishop note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab KING CNUT. 1016-1035 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab BISHOP WILLIAM RECOVERED IT. Presumably by royal grant though it is odd that this is not stated. The estate had belonged to the see in the reign of King Aethelred (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Early Charters of Essex}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , 15-16 pp. no. 28 [= Robertson, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , no 72 pp. 144-45, 389-392]) but no royal charter survives for a later period; see also Fleming, }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 279 no. 1816 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 3,10\tab WERE 17 ACRES. Little Domesday has }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 fuere}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , a short form for }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 fuerunt}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 . Also at 9,10 etc (ARR).
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab The 17 acres do not appear in the fief of Robert Gernon (ESS 32), despite the reference here to a royal grant; see also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 279 no. 1817 (JP).}{
\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 1 VIRGATE. }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Early Charters of Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 15 no. 27 note [= Sawyer, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
, no. 1501] suggests that this is both the woodland in 32,5 and Glazenwood; see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 of}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 283 (ARR).
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab Both of these were lost to the See of London, presumably as a result of Robert Gernon's annexation; see also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 279 no. 1817 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 

\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 3,11\tab 
[* EARL *] GYRTH. Although the name Gyrth occurs more than 150 times in Domesday Book, it is probable that all pre-Conquest occurrences (only two are post-Conquest) refer to one individual, Earl Gyrth Godwinson, King Harold's brother. Despite the fact tha
t
 he is identified by his title in scarcely one case in seven, two principle factors aid his identification elsewhere: the massive disproportion in the distribution of the name, fewer than two dozen holdings being outside East Anglia (where Gyrth was the e
a
rl), and the heavy preponderance of Gyrth as a lord of men rather than as a landowner in his own right. Additionally, the Gyrth who holds a large number of royal manors in Norfolk and Suffolk is evidently the earl; and he can also be identified as the pre
d
ecessor of Hardwin of Scales in Cambridgeshire and Hertfordshire. In the few cases outside East Anglia where unidentified men called Gyrth are recorded, the status of the holding and other factors indicate the earl. In the Sussex heartland of the Godwinso
n
s, for instance, the two substantial manors of Coombes and Merston (SUS 13,19. 11,110) were almost certainly held by the earl: apart from their status, both are adjacent to other Godwinson manors, Coombes being close to Earl Gyrth's own huge manor of Wash
ington (SUS 13,9). Similar considerations suggest that the handsome manors of Hartley Mauditt (BRK 30,1) and Eaton Hastings (HAM 35,2), both held in freehold from the Crown, had also belonged to the earl. See also Clarke, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
English Nobility}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , pp. 194-200; his list omits NFK 9,159. 29,9. 34,9. 52,3. 57,1 and SUF 7,75. 21,30;62. 31,34. 74,7 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab TEZELIN THE PRIEST. See also 1,10 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab AFTER HE CROSSED THE SEA. After 1066 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab GAVE THIS MANOR. No charter for this royal grant survives, nor for any previous interest of the See of London in Little Warley; see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 279 no. 1818 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 3,14\tab NOW [***]. THEN. The number in Farley is damaged but should read }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ii}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 3,16\tab 
IN COLCHESTER. The bishop's land is not referred to in ESS B. The 14 houses and 4 acres may have been the land which in 1206 was referred to as a Soke, while the whole of 3,16 may be represented by the parish of St Mary's-at-the-Walls; see }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 424 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab APART FROM THE LEVY. }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 p}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 re}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 t}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 er}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Scotu}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 m}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ]. See B2 levy note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 4\tab THE HOLDING OF BISHOP OF LONDON. It is suggested by }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
, i. p. 339, that the lands in the present chapter represent those acquired by Bishop William (1051-1075). Compare the references in Hertfordshire (HRT 4,1;22) to lands bought by Bishop William (ARR).
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab See also Taylor, 'Endowment of the See of London' (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 4,1\tab HELD. As with the remaining manors in ESS 4, Cranham had been held by a layman }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 T.R.E}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
. and acquired (by purchase) by Bishop William to add to the endowment of the see. The complete absence of reference to an ecclesiastical interest, the stress on lay tenures, and the emphasis on free tenure }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 T.R.E}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ., point to this conclusion and explain why
 these lands of the bishopric are described in a separate chapter from those of the ancient endowment of the see; see Taylor, 'Endowment of the See of London'. Despite the implications for title to these estates, they are not included in Fleming's catalog
ue: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 279 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab CRANHAM. Formerly 'Bishop's Ockendon': }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 of}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
, pp. 124-25 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 4,2\tab TOTHAM. Rok Hall in Little Totham: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 440; Rook Hall, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 of}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 312 (ARR).
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab See also 4,1 held note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 4,3\tab WILLIAM BOLD. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Will}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 elmus}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 balt}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
; perhaps Old French }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 balt}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  rather than Old English }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 beald}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  in this particular instance; see Tengvik, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Old}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 English}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , pp. 340-41 (ARR).
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab See also 4,1 held note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab TOTHAM. See 4,2 Totham note}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 .}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 4,4\tab ALRESFORD. See also 4,1 held note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 4,5\tab ROGER. Compare 1,27 Roger note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab TENDRING. New Hall in Tendring: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 440 (ARR).
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab See also 4,1 held note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 4,6\tab ANSKETIL. See 48,2 Ansketil note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab [LITTLE] THURROCK. See also 4,1 held note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 4,7\tab WELL [FARM]. See also 4,1 held note (JP)}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 .}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 4,8\tab [LITTLE] BURSTEAD. See also 4,1 held note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 30 ACRES ARE CLAIMED ... BEFORE 1066. These cannot be traced elsewhere in the absence of a statement as to whom they are claimed from; see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 279 no. 1819, who includes the woodland for 60 pigs in the claim (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 4,9\tab CORRINGHAM. See also 4,1 held note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab \'bd HIDE ... WAS TAKEN. The \'bd hide is not recorded on the fief of the Bishop of Bayeux (ESS 18). The jurors were often surprisingly outspoken about the depredations of the Bishop of Bayeux; see also Fleming, }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 279 no. 1820 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 4,11\tab CHADWELL. See also 4,1 held note (JP)}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 .}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 4,12\tab RAMSDEN. See also 4,1 held note (JP)}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 .}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 4,13\tab LAINDON. See also 4,1 held note (JP)}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 .}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 4,14\tab [LITTLE] BRAXTED. See also 4,1 held note (JP)}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 .}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 4,15\tab HOWBRIDGE. See also 4,1 held note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 4,16\tab HALF-HUNDRED OF HARLOW. Farley and the manuscript have }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 herlaua}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ; the Ordnance Survey facsimile (in error) has }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 herlauan}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab EDEVA [* THE FAIR *]. She had also held Bishop's Stortford (HRT 4,22) from Bishop William of London. See also 1,30 Edeva note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab HALLINGBURY. See also 4,1 held note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 4,17\tab ULEHAM['S FARM]. See also 4,1 held note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 4,18\tab BASSETTS. In Woodham Walter, recorded on the six-inch map; see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 of}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}
{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 232. The manorial name also survives in Bassett's Farm in Little Baddow, but that is in Chelmsford Hundred. The Little Domesday spelling }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Mildemet}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
 is metathesized, as later forms of this (superseded) name show it to have meant 'middle meadowland', possibly because of its location between the water meadow along the River Chelmer to the north and higher woodland to the south (ARR).
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab See also 4,1 held note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 5\tab CANONS OF ST PAUL'S. That is, of St Paul's Cathedral, London (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 5,1\tab LEE [CHAPEL]. For this identification, see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 of}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 163 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab WAS CLAIMED FOR THE KING'S USE. Presumably because title was dubious, the estate having been in lay ownership before 1066. There is no record of Lee Chapel ever having been a manor of St Paul's; see also Fleming, }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 279 no. 1822, who translates 'has been claimed' (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 5,2\tab ST PAUL'S HELD. Literally, 'St Paul held' (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab PETER OF VALOGNES TOOK AWAY. This annexation is not recorded in his fief (ESS 36); see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 279 no. 1823 (JP).}{
\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab GEOFFREY DE MANDEVILLE TOOK. This annexation is not recorded in his fief (ESS 30); see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 279 no. 1823 (JP).}{
\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid8606750 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 5,3\tab 
ST PAUL'S HELD. Literally, 'St Paul held' (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 5,4\tab ST PAUL'S HELD. Literally, 'St Paul held' (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid8606750 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 5,5\tab 
GIVEN TO THE CHURCH. No charter survives; but modest gifts of this kind are unlikely to leave record evidence; see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 280 no. 1824 (JP).}{
\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 5,6\tab GODGYTH <OF THORLEY>. Probably the woman called Godhild in 28,16 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab AFTER THE KING ^[WILLIAM]^ CAME TO ENGLAND. See 1,27 king note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab A WRIT. }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 breue}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 m}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
], apparently here referring to the written record of Godgyth's grant rather than to a writ of the king (ARR).
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab The statement that the king's consent was required for a private gift to the Church is, apparently, be unique in Domesday Book; see also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 
, p. 280 no. 1825 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 5,7\tab AS 2 MANORS. The merging of separate }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 T.R.E.}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  manors into }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 T.R.W}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
. holdings is a consistent feature of Domesday Book. The majority of Domesday scholars accept the view that this phenomenon is usually signified in one or more of the following ways: formulae of the type 'held as }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 x}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  manors'; the presence of two or more }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 T.R.E}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 . landholders; or parts of a single }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 T.R.W.}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
 holding are described as having been held 'as a manor' }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 T.R.E}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
. David Roffe has argued (Roffe, 'From Thegnage to Barony', p. 162) to the contrary that multiple manor entries 'relate to groups of estates held from a
n overlord', despite the fact that the identities of such overlords are not recorded. It seems far more likely that the ownership of }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 T.R.E}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
. manors was discrete, based on the evidence from circuits 3 and 7 where a considerable number of relationships to ove
rlords are recorded. These demonstrate that it was by no means common for estates within the same vill to have the same overlord. For an example see Maitland's tables for the vills of Wetherley hundred in Cambridgeshire: Maitland, }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and Beyond}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , pp. 131-34 (NH).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab AFTER THE KING ^[WILLIAM]^ CAME TO THIS LAND. See 1,27 king note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab BY THE KING'S GIFT. Navestock had been an estate of St Paul's during the reign of King Aethelred and a charter of the Conqueror restored it to St Paul's with other e
states unjustly taken from the Church. The charter, however, has suspicious features and the details do not match those of the Domesday record (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Early Charters of Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
, pp. 15-16, 32 nos. 28, 71 [= Robertson, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , no 72 pp. 144-45, 389-392; Bates, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
, no. 183, pp. 603-604]); see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 280 no. 1826 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 5,8\tab THORSTEN THE RED. Little Domesday: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Turstin}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ruff}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ]; Tengvik, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Old}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 English}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
, pp. 330-31 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab THE OTHER NAVESTOCK. A different manor, but within the present parish (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab ST PAUL'S HAS ANNEXED IT. See 5,7 gift note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab IN THE KING'S HAND. Pending judgement, presumably, though it is not apparent why the more substantial annexation by the church was accorded different treatment (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid8606750 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 5,10\tab HEYBRIDGE. Formerly 'Tidwoldington'; see }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 of}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , pp. 303-304 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid8606750 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab \'bd HIDE. Recorded under Langford, see 33,22 (ARR).
}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab HUNDRED DOES NOT KNOW HOW. The additional detail of the annexation recorded under Langford in 33,22 suggests a possible explanation. The \'bd
 hide had been held from the church by an Aelmer who might possibly be the Aelmer Milk whom Ralph Baynard had succeede
d in a neighbouring estate at Tolleshunt (33,23). Ralph may have used this to assert a right to other of Aelmer's holdings. For the jury's ignorance, see 1,9 hundred note; see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 280 no. 1827 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 5,11\tab THE NAZE. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Aeduluesnasa}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 m}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ], 'Eadwulf's or Ealdwulf's promontory', }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
Place-Names}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 of}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , pp. 354-55 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab MARK OF SILVER. Later in the medieval period a 'mark' was an accounting term equal to 13s 4d. Here it is probably a term denoting weight (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 5,12\tab THE CANONS APPROPRIATED THIS LAND. St Paul's possession of Barling is documented in two charters, one of the Confessor and a second by William II Rufus (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Early Charters of Essex}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , pp. 27, 51-52 nos. 56, 125 [= Sawyer, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , no. 1056; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
, ii. no 484a p. 408]), both believed by Hart, their editor, to be dubious. Hart, however, appears to have misread this Domesday entry where the 'appropriation' refers to the \'bd hide and 10 acres held by a free man }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 T.R.E}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 . and not to the whole estate of Barling as he had supposed; see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 280 no. 1828 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab AFTER THE KING CAME TO ENGLAND. See 1,27 king note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 6\tab ST PETER'S WESTMINSTER. The abbey refounded by Edward the Confessor. See also 90,19 for an annexation by St Peter's (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 6,1\tab ST PETER'S HAS. Literally, 'St Peter has' (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab ST MARY'S CHURCH ^[BENFLEET]^. Apparently a reference to a church at South Benfleet before 1066, rather than to St Mary's Barking (ESS 9). See also 1,1 church note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab GAVE THE CHURCH ... TO ST PETER'S. For this grant, see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Early Charters of Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 36 no. 81 (= Bates, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , no. 290 pp. 870-81); see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 280 no. 1829 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab WESTMINSTER. Farley }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Westmonasterio}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ; manuscript }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Westmonsterio}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 50 SHEEP ... PIGS. Farley omits an insertion mark in the form of a colon before }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 L}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  and after }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 mol' }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 (ARR).}{
\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *] GAVE THE EIGHTH HIDE. For this grant, see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Early Charters of Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 36 no. 84 (= Bates, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , no. 181, pp. 594-601 and see the discussion on p. 597); see also 20,1 Engelric note, and Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
, p. 280 no. 1829 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab ST MARTIN-LE-GRAND ^[LONDON]^. See ESS 12 St Martin note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab COUNTY. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 consulat}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 6,4\tab ALSTAN "STRIC". The byname may be a variant of the Old English name }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Stric}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 c}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 a}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (Redin, }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Uncompounded Personal Names in Old English}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 79), here used as a patronym. The Old West Scandinavian nickname }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Str\'eckr}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  'boy', is also possible; see Tengvik, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Old}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 English}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
, p. 337 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab FALSE WRIT. This appears to be the only reference to a for
gery in Domesday Book. Although many surviving writs and charters have been identified as forgeries, this one has apparently not survived. It is unlikely that this 'false writ' is the first of the famous series of Westminster forgeries - King Edgar's char
ter of 969 (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Early Charters of Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 14 no. 22 [= Sawyer, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
, no. 774]) - since that forgery names other Westminster estates which are recorded without comment in Domesday Book (6,6;12). See Harmer, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Anglo-Saxon Writs}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , pp. 105- 107; and see also Fleming, }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 280 no. 1830 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 6,6\tab HUNDRED OF BECONTREE. Farley }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Beuentreu}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , manuscript }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Beuentrev}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 6,7\tab TOSTI <OF LEYTON>. If the earl and Tosti of Sawtry are excluded, Tosti is an uncommon, even rare name. T
his modest holding is remote from any other held by an unidentified Tosti and likely to have been the only possession of its holder (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 6,8\tab [* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab FEERING. See also 90,17. }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 444 and note 8 mistakes the Old English nominative plural form }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Pheringas}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  for a Latin accusative plural. Compare 1,4 Havering note and 9,7 Barking note. See also 6,11 exchange note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 2 HOUSES IN COLCHESTER. According to B3k the abbot had 4 houses there belonging to Feering (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab ROGER OF RAMES. He held land adjacent at Messing, see 39,4 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab MAUGER ... ARCHBISHOP. He held land at Orpington (KEN 2,30) from the archbishop of Canterbury (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab ANNEXED 1 FREE MAN. The annexation is not recorded elsewhere; see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 280 no. 1831 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab HE IS ... KING'S HAND. Or 'it is'; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 est}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  here could refer to either the \'bd virgate or the free man (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 6,9\tab AELRIC ... NAVAL BATTLE AGAINST KING WILLIAM. Aelric was called Aethelric the chamberlain in Harmer, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Anglo-Saxon}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Writs}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , no. 74 pp. 340-41, 494-95 (= Sawyer, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Anglo-Saxon}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Charters}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , no. 118). The location of the battle is not known (ARR).

\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab }{\cf1\insrsid10554760 Clarke, }{\i\cf1\insrsid10554760 English Nobility}{\cf1\insrsid10554760 , pp. 238-39, identifies Aelric as Aelric son of Mergeat, the predecessor of Robert of Vessey i
n several counties and patron of Westminster Abbey in Lincolnshire, presumably on the basis of the coincidence of his name and his patronage of Westminster Abbey. See LEC 16,9 Aelric note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab FELL. Farley has }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 cecidet}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ; the manuscript: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 cecidit}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab WRIT. Harmer, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Anglo-Saxon}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Writs}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
, p. 494, prints a spurious writ, claiming to be issued by King William I, confirming Kelvedon Hatch to Westminster Abbey. }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Early Charters of Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
, p. 36 no. 82 and note, suggests that it was fabricated to make good the lack of documentary evidence reported here (ARR).
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab This suggestion is endorsed by the edition of the charter in Bates, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\insrsid10554760 
, no. 302 pp. 900-901. The Domesday account, with its references to only one man in the county knowing of the gra
nt and the absence of either a writ or a witness to its delivery, does smack of desperation. But the abbey retained the estate; see also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 280-81 no. 1832 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 

\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab AFTER THE KING CAME TO THIS LAND. See 1,27 king note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 6,10\tab [HUNDRED OF CHAFFORD]. Little Domesday puts the hundred heading one entry late, before 6,11 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 6,11\tab [* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab EXCHANGE. Together with Feering (compare 6,8), North Ockendon had been granted by King William between 1066 and 1075 to Westminster Abbey in exchange for Windsor in Berkshire: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
Early Charters of Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , pp. 32-33 no. 73 (ARR).
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab See also the edition of this charter in Bates, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\insrsid10554760 , no. 299 pp. 894-95; see also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 
, p. 281 no. 1833 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 6,12\tab WENNINGTON. Farley }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Wemtuna}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 m}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ], manuscript }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Wenituna}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 m}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab ROBERT THE PERVERTED. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Inuesiat}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] may be derived from Latin }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 invertere}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , 'to pervert'. Tengvik, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Old}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 English}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
, p. 348 refers to Medieval Latin }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 invasatus}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  'invaded by a devil'. He was identical with Robert the Lascivious (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 lasciuus}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ) in 32,28; see }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 518, note 7 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab DISPOSED ... MISAPPROPRIATED. Robert's misappropriation is not recorded elsewhere though he had also annexed a hide which had belonged to another free man in the neighbouring vill of Rainham (32,28); see also Fleming, }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 281 no. 1834 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 6,13\tab "GEDDESDUNA". Unidentified, Old English }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Gieddesd\'fbne}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  'at Gieddi's upland'. Between 1066 and 1075 it (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Gyddesd\'fane}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ) had been granted by King William to Deorman, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Early Charters of Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ,p. 32 no. 72 [= Bates, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , no. 107, pp. 386-87] (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 6,15\tab GAVE THIS LAND TO THE CHURCH. The }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Telegraphus}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , a forged confirmation of the estates of the Abbey of Westminster, 1085 x 1086 (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
Early Charters of Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 41 no. 98 = Bates, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , no. 324 pp. 945-55), conf
irms an estate at Paglesham to the abbey. The details given there, however, match an annexation by Theodric Pointel (33,21. 90,8), in which no interest of the abbey is mentioned, rather better than those of this holding. This is regrettable since we could
 otherwise deduce the name of the thane who 'went to battle in Yorkshire' as Ealdred the thane (Bates, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , no. 324 p. 947); see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 281 no. 1835 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab TO BATTLE IN YORK[SHIRE] WITH [* EARL *] HAROLD. A reference to the battle of Stamford Bridge in 1066. Compare 30,16 York note (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also 1,1 Harold note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 7,1\tab [* EARL *] HAROLD HELD WALTHAM [HOLY CROSS]. Earl (later King) Harold, who greatly extended the landholding of the canons of Waltham (ESS 8) (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also 1,1 Harold note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab WOODLAND, 202 PIGS. So in the manuscript but }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ii.}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 7. cc.}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  is probably a scribal error for }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
m.}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 7.}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 7}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 .cc.}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , that is, 1200 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab TRIBUTARIES. }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Censarii}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 cens}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 it}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 )}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
ores}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , chiefly in north-east Mercia, Yorkshire, Essex and Dorset, paid tribute in money, not work (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 1 PLOUGH CAN BE RESTORED. The one plough in lordship lacking in 1086, see above (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab HOLY CROSS. The canons of Waltham (ESS 8) (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab WILLIAM OF WARENNE TOOK. Neither the \'bd hide nor the 105 acres annexed by William are recorded in his fief; see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
, p. 281 no. 1836 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab RANULF BROTHER OF ILGER ... 30 ACRES. See 37,9 virgate note (ARR).
\par \tab \tab That makes it clear that Ranulf had annexed these 30 acres; see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 281 no. 1836 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab A GATE. Aldgate in the City of London. In 1108 the priory of Holy Trinity Aldgate was freed from its subjection to the canons of Waltham. See Page, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 London}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p
p. 153-54 and Hodgett, C}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 artulary of Holy Trinity Aldgate}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , nos. 1-11 (information supplied by Dr. D. J. Keene) (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab BISHOP ^[OF DURHAM]^ 'S PREDECESSOR. Altered in the manuscript from 'his predecessor', }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 suo}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 antecessori}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
. Probably referring to Walcher, Bishop of Durham 1071-1080 (ARR).
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab However, predecessor may possibly refer to his successor in that see, William of St Calais, bishop from 1080-1096. The late twelfth-century Waltham chronicle states that a charter of William II Rufus restored to the canons 
the vill of Waltham previously granted to Bishop Walcher by the Conqueror: }{\i\insrsid10554760 Waltham Chronicle }{\insrsid10554760 
(Watkins and Chibnall, p. 61). The charter has not survived and the source is late; but it is clear that Walcher had acquired some interest in the lands of Waltham Abbey before his death: }{\i\insrsid10554760 Early Charters of Waltham Abbey}{
\insrsid10554760  (Ransford, p. 7 no. 10). On the other hand, }{\i\insrsid10554760 antecessor}{\insrsid10554760 
 in Domesday Book normally refers to the pre-Conquest landowner from whom title was derived, and the reference here is only to Aldgate, not to the manor of Waltham as a whole (JP).
\par \tab \tab Whichever of the two prelates was granted Waltham, however, this substantial manor was part of a larger endowment by the Conqueror of the Bishopric of Durham in southern England (where it had previously held nothing of
 consequence). Bishop William succeeded to the estates of the Abbey of Waltham in both Bedfordshire (BDF 5) and Berkshire (BRK 4). He also held an estate in Northamptonshire (NTH 3) and a fief of some 50 holdings in Lincolnshire, all previously held by la
ymen }{\i\insrsid10554760 T.R.E}{\insrsid10554760 
. Even in Yorkshire the holdings of the Bishopric of Durham were increased with grants of large sokes previously held by Earl Morcar and King Edward. No charters for any of these grants have survived; but the Domesday record consistently implies t
hat they occurred during the Conqueror's reign and it seems probable that they were part of the Conqueror's strategy for stabilising northern England and strengthening the position of the Crown there. Bishop William of St Calais, of course, has also been 
identified as the mastermind behind the Domesday survey (Chaplais, 'William of St Calais', pp. 65-77) (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 8\tab CANONS OF WALTHAM HOLY CROSS. The college of secular canons, favoured by King Harold. The latter's heart is buried at Waltham (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 8,3\tab WOODFORD. The gap in Farley after the place-name represents an erasure in the manuscript (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab WOODLAND ... NOW NONE. Added in the margin of the manuscript and here placed in the translation in its proper place (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 8,4\tab 1 PLOUGH ... RESTORED. That is, in lordship (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 8,8\tab CHURCH ANNEXED ... AND STILL HOLDS. See 1,27 king note, and see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 281 no. 1837 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 8,9\tab GEOFFREY DE MANDEVIL}{\cgrid0\insrsid1646802 L}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 E ... \'bd [HIDE]. This holding is not recorded on Geoffrey's fief though he had acquired anoth
er manor in the same hundred 'by exchange' (30,4); see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 281 no. 1838 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab IN THIS MANOR. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 In}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ho}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 manerio}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , in error for }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 In}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 hoc}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 manerio}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 1 CARUCATE. Little Domesday has }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 .i.}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 carr}{\f1\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 '}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 t'rae}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 . Probably the land described at 32,29 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab GERNON ... GIFT. Robert had a hide in [South] Weald (32,29), also allegedly held by exchange; but that holding appears to be distinct from this, which does not appear elsewhere in Robert's fief; see also Fleming, }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 281 no. 1838 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 8,11\tab AFTER THIS ENTRY at the top of the next folio (17a) there is in the manuscript a partial list of landholders; see \{Introduction: the Manuscript\}.}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 9\tab ST MARY'S BARKING. The Benedictine nunnery, founded in the mid-seventh century and refounded in the mid-tenth (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 9,1\tab ST MARY'S ^[BARKING]^ HOLDS. Literally, 'St Mary holds' (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab TUROLD OF ROCHESTER. ... 30 ACRES. The 30 acres are entered under the adjacent Chadwell in 18,11 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 281 no. 1839 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab VILLAGERS' PLOUGHS. }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 car}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 uce}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 uill}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
an}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 is}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , with dative of possession. An alternative to the more usual 'men's ploughs', }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 caruce}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
hominum}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid8606750 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 9,2\tab RAVENGAR. Little Domesday }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Rauengari}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ], fromOld German }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Hrabangar}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ; see Forssner, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
Continental-Germanic}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Personal Names}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 212 (ARR).
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid8606750 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab 
The name Ravengar occurs five times in Domesday Book, all in Essex and all apparently referring to a post-Conquest landholder who had been succeeded by the 1086 tenants-in-chief,
 in three cases by the Bishop of Bayeux (18,6-7;15) and in the other by Geoffrey de Mandeville. Four of the holdings were in Barnstable Hundred and the fifth in the neighbouring hundred of Rochford. All four cases in Barstable Hundred involved annexations
 by Ravengar. There can be little doubt that all five references are to the same individual (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab TOOK 24 ACRES. Other references to Ravengar imply that he was no longer active in 1086. If this was true here, however, the jurors have been remiss in not sta
ting who was currently in possession of the land he had stolen which does not appear to be recorded on any other fief. See 9,2 Ravengar note, and see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
, p. 281 no. 1840 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 9,5\tab EXISTED FREELY ... DO ... AS HE PLEASES
. This apparently stark statement of loss of freedom since the Conquest is presumably a reference to free men previously owing suit only to the hundred being absorbed into a royal manor, a fairly common fate for much of the free peasantry recorded in Litt
le Domesday: see Finn, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Studies: the Eastern Counties}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , pp. 29, 33, and see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 282 no. 1841 (JP).}{
\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab GODWIN WOODHEN. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 cudhen}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (here), }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 gudhen}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (90,1). Unexplained by Tengvik, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
Old}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 English}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 390, but probably a byname, hypothetical }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Wudhen}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  from Old English }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 wude-henn}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  'a female wood-cock' (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 3 VIRGATES. See 90,2 where they are recorded as an annexation (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 9,7\tab BARKING. }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 448, again mistakes the Old English nominative plural form }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
Berchingas}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  for a Latin accusative plural. Compare 6,8 Feering note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 24 GOATS. So in the manuscript, the Ordnance Survey facsimile has (in error): }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 xviiii}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab LONDON ... \'bd CHURCH. A reference to All Hallows, Barking-by-the-Tower. The three dots in Farley at the foot of folio 17b represent an erasure (of }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 xiii}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
) in the manuscript (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab ENGLISHMEN ... FRENCHMEN. The men of the hundred jury, four French and four English (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab JOCELYN LORIMER. He held land adjacent at Ilford (64,1) (ARR).
\par \tab \tab However, there is no reference in his fief or elsewhere to this land taken away from Barking. He was guilty of another annexation at the expense of Ely Abbey: see 1,2 Ely note; see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 282 no. 1842 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 9,8\tab WIGBOROUGH. The manor of Abbot's (formerly Abbess) Hall in Great Wigborough; see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 of}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 324 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 3 HOUSES IN COLCHESTER. See B3s (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 9,10\tab THERE WERE. Little Domesday has }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 fuere}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , a short form for }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 fuerunt}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ; see 3,10 were note (ARR).}{
\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 30 ACRES ... BY EXCHANGE. These 30 acres held by William of Warenne allegedly by an exchange are not recorded in his fief; see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
, p. 282 no. 1843 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 9,11\tab INGATESTONE. Owned by Barking Abbey until the Dissolution; see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 of}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}
{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , pp. 253-54 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 9 CATTLE. Little Domesday repeats }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 .ix.}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 an}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 imalia}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
] in error (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 9,12\tab THE GAP before this entry in Farley represents a tear (repaired) in the manuscript. Compare 10,1 sheep note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 9,13\tab WILLIAM OF BOURSIGNY. Probably from Boursigny (in the French d\'e9partement of Calvados); see Tengvik, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Old}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 English}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 78 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 9,14\tab SIWARD [* OF MALDON *]. See 34,9 Siward note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab SUCH SERVICE AS HIS PREDECESSOR. In this dispute over service between Ranulf Peverel and the abbe
ss, the rights and wrongs of the situation are unclear. On the face of it, Ranulf's desire to do the same service as his predecessor is unimpeachable; but it is difficult to see how this service, whatever it was, can be reconciled with the holding being '
for the Church's supplies' }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 T.R.E.}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  Perhaps the implication is that Ranulf Peverel had claimed the holding as the }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 antecessor}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
 to Siward of Maldon whose rights here were not heritable, a common enough phenomenon. This would explain the use of the term }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 antecessor}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ; see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 282 no. 1844 (JP)}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 .}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab ODO ... RECEIVED 10 ACRES. An Odo held several holdings from Swein of Essex but none include this annexation: see 24,19;25;50-51;66; see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 282 no. 1844 (JP)}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 .}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 10\tab ST ETHELDREDA'S, ELY. Ely Abbey. For possessions alienated by 1086, not mentioned in this chapter, see 1,2. 18,36. 22,7. 25,3. 27,14. 30,27;41. 34,19. 79,1 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 10,1\tab BROXTED. The same information is given in }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Inquisitio}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Eliensis}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , (Hamilton, p. 125), in }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Inquisitio Eliensis}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  Breviate, (Hamilton, p. 172) and in }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Inquisitio}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Eliensis Nomina Villarum}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
, (Hamilton, p. 175) (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 70 SHEEP ... MANOR. The gap in Farley at the two line-ends represents the reverse of the same tear referred to in 9,12 gap note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 9 ACRES ... \'a34. The last two lines on folio 18b are written in the manuscript over an erasure (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab WERE TAKEN AWAY. See 25,12 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab There the facts of the case are recorded with additional detail but without any explicit reference to an annexation: see also 3,8 after note, and see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
, p. 282 no. 1845 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab ALSO. Farley replaces the ampersand of the manuscript with the tironian }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 nota}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 2 CARUCATES ... WHICH EUDO HOLDS. This appears to imply an annexation but Eudo is not recorded as holding the 2 carucates in his fief; see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 282 no. 1845 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 10,2\tab RODING. See also }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Inquisitio}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Eliensis}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , (Hamilton, p. 126). The information in 22,7-8 and }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Inquisitio}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Eliensis }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Alienations, (Hamilton, p. 184) suggests that Little Domesday is defective here as it appears that 22,7 was also
 alienated from Ely while the statistics in 10,2 include elements from both 22,7-8 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab TOOK THE THIRD HIDE. See 22,8 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab There the hundred is recorded as testifying to the tenure by Ely Abbey }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 T.R.E.}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ; see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p.
 282 no. 1846 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 23 PIGS. Little Domesday: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 xvviii}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Inquisitio}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Eliensis}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
, (Hamilton, p. 126): }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 xviii}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\lang1040\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp1040\insrsid10554760 10,3\tab RETTENDON. See also }{\i\lang1040\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp1040\insrsid10554760 Inquisitio}{\lang1040\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp1040\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\lang1040\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp1040\insrsid10554760 Eliensis}{\lang1040\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp1040\insrsid10554760 , }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 (Hamilton, }{\lang1040\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp1040\insrsid10554760 p. 126), }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
Inquisitio Eliensis}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  Breviate}{\lang1040\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp1040\insrsid10554760 , }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 (Hamilton, }{\lang1040\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp1040\insrsid10554760 p. 172), }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Inquisitio}
{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Eliensis Nomina Villarum}{\lang1040\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp1040\insrsid10554760 , }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 (Hamilton, }{\lang1040\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp1040\insrsid10554760 p. 175) (ARR).}{
\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 3 PLOUGHS IN LORDSHIP. }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Inquisitio Eliensis}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  Breviate, (Hamilton, p. 172), lists 4 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab SIWARD [* OF MALDON *] HOLDS. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ten&}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  is a Little Domesday error for }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 tenuit}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  'held' (ARR).
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab See 34,9 Siward note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 1 HIDE AND 30 ACRES. See 34,30 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab There details of the holding are recorded; see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 282 no. 1847 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 2 HIDES AND 30 ACRES ... PERMISSION. Farley uses the same symbol for }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 q}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ue}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] in }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 q}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ue}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 tenuit}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  as for }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 q}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 uia}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] in }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 q}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ui}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 antecessor}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
; in the manuscript and Ordnance Survey facsimile these symbols differ. See 25,20 (ARR).
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab There details of the holding are recorded; see also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 282 no. 1847 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 10,4\tab HADSTOCK. For this entry, see also }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Inquisitio}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Eliensis}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
, (Hamilton, p. 126). For the name represented by Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Cadenhou}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 of}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , pp. 510-11 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 10,5\tab LITTLEBURY. See also }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Inquisitio}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Eliensis}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , (Hamilton, pp. 126-27); }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
Inquisitio Eliensis}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  Breviate, (Hamilton, p. 172); }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Inquisitio}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Eliensis Nomina Villarum}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , (Hamilton, p. 175) (ARR).}{
\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 19 SMALLHOLDERS. }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Inquisitio Eliensis}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  Breviate, (Hamilton, p. 172), lists 16 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 7 SLAVES. }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Inquisitio Eliensis}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  Breviate, (Hamilton, p, 172), lists 6 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab CALLED STRETHALL. }{\lang1053\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp1053\insrsid10554760 Farley }{\i\lang1053\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp1053\insrsid10554760 vocat}{\lang1053\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp1053\insrsid10554760 [}{
\i\lang1053\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp1053\insrsid10554760 ur}{\lang1053\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp1053\insrsid10554760 ], manuscript }{\i\lang1053\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp1053\insrsid10554760 uocat}{\lang1053\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp1053\insrsid10554760 [}{
\i\lang1053\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp1053\insrsid10554760 ur}{\lang1053\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp1053\insrsid10554760 ] (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ALWIN. Little Domesday: }{\i\insrsid10554760 Eluui}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 us}{\insrsid10554760 ]; }{\i\insrsid10554760 Inquisitio}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Eliensis}{\insrsid10554760 : }{
\i\insrsid10554760 Alwinus}{\insrsid10554760  (manuscripts }{\i\insrsid10554760 B}{\insrsid10554760 , }{\i\insrsid10554760 C}{\insrsid10554760 ), }{\i\insrsid10554760 alfpinus}{\insrsid10554760  (manuscript A) (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab HUGH [!5! OF BERNIERES !5!]. }{\i\insrsid10554760 Inquisitio}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Eliensis}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 127, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Inquisitio}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Eliensis }{
\insrsid10554760 Alienations, (Hamilton, p. 182), calls him Hugh of Berni\'e8res. Also in Cambridgeshire (CAM 27), etc (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab HEYDON. Farley: }{\i\insrsid10554760 hamdena}{\insrsid10554760 ; manuscript: }{\i\insrsid10554760 haindena}{\insrsid10554760 .
\par \tab \tab According to }{\i\insrsid10554760 Inquisitio}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Eliensis }{\insrsid10554760 Alienations, (Hamilton, p. 182) this was also appropriated by Hugh of Berni\'e8res (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ALWIN [HELD]. Little Domesday omits }{\i\insrsid10554760 tenuit}{\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab WILLIAM CARDON. The byname is Old French }{\i\insrsid10554760 cardon}{\insrsid10554760  'thistle'; see Tengvik, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Old}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 English}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 
Bynames}{\insrsid10554760 , pp. 368-69. The byname survives in Cardon's Hall in Chishall: }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 356 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab WRONGFULLY RECEIVED. }{\i\insrsid10554760 i}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 n}{\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\insrsid10554760 i}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 us}{\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\insrsid10554760 te}{
\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 m}{\insrsid10554760 ] Farley, in error for }{\i\insrsid10554760 i}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 n}{\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\insrsid10554760 i}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 us}{\insrsid10554760 ]}{
\i\insrsid10554760 te}{\insrsid10554760  of the manuscript (ARR).
\par \tab \tab William Cardon held two other holdings from Geoffrey de Mandeville in Uttlesford Hundred (20,71 (also referred to in the annexations 90,34) and 30,46) but they do not include these 24 acres; see also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 
Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 282 no. 1848 who translates this phrase as 'unjustly took' (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 11\tab ST EDMUND'S. Literally, 'St Edmund'. The Abbey of Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 11,1\tab WILLIAM SON OF GROSS. An undertenant of Hugh de Montfort (27,2. 90,15;18). See also 1,2 and 88,2 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 11,2\tab 3 HIDES ... WHICH 5 FREE MEN HELD. The absorption of land of free men into the manors of lay and ecclesiastical tenants-in-chief is frequently reported, presumably as a 
possible source of royal revenue from the fines which might result. It is unclear in this case whether the free men themselves survived (as was often the case) to be incorporated into the resources of the manor: see 3,8 after note, and see also Fleming, }
{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 282 no. 1849 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 11,3\tab FOR 4 \'bd HIDES. So in the manuscript; the Ordnance Survey facsimile has '3 \'bd hides' (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 11,5\tab HUNDRED OF LEXDEN. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 Laxefelda}{\insrsid10554760 ; this spelling would appear to be in error. The scribe of Little Domesday has substituted the Old English element }{\i\insrsid10554760 feld}{
\insrsid10554760  for }{\i\insrsid10554760 denu}{\insrsid10554760  contained in Lexden; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 of}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , pp. 359, 376 (ARR).}{
\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 11,7\tab WALTHAM. The manor of Channels in Little Waltham; }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 451, note 8 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab [HOLDS] BY THE KING'S GIFT. Recor
ded gifts by the king, though not uncommon in Domesday Book and particularly numerous in Little Domesday, must be far fewer than those actually granted by the king. In this case, the gift may have been recorded as an affirmation of title since a Stanhard,
 possibly the same individual, still held land in 1086 'from the King'; see also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 283 no. 1850 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 12\tab ST MARTIN-LE-GRAND, LONDON. St Martin-le-Grand, founded by Engelric the predecessor of Count Eustace (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See 20,1 Engelric note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 12,1\tab AELMER [* MILK *]. See 33,23 Aelmer note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab COUNT EUSTACE GAVE [IT]. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 283 no. 1851 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab OUTLIER. According to }{\i\insrsid10554760 Early Charters of Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 36 no. 84 [= Bates, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\insrsid10554760 
, no. 181, pp. 594-601], dated 1068, this was at Mashbury (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab KEPT IT FOR HIMSELF. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 283 no. 1851 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 13\tab ST MARTIN'S, BATTLE. Battle Abbey, founded by King William on the battlefield of Hastings (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 13,1\tab GOTI <OF STAMBOURNE>. See 28,11 Goti note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab HUTTON. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 Atahov}{\insrsid10554760 , Old English }{\i\insrsid10554760 aet}{\insrsid10554760  and }{\i\f710\insrsid10554760 h\'f4h}{\insrsid10554760 , 'at the hill', with later addition of }{
\i\f710\insrsid10554760 t\'fbn}{\insrsid10554760  'estate'; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 of}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 160 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\lang1031\langfe1033\langnp1031\insrsid10554760 \tab FREE LAND. }{\i\lang1031\langfe1033\langnp1031\insrsid10554760 lib}{\lang1031\langfe1033\langnp1031\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\lang1031\langfe1033\langnp1031\insrsid10554760 er}{
\lang1031\langfe1033\langnp1031\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\lang1031\langfe1033\langnp1031\insrsid10554760 ae}{\lang1031\langfe1033\langnp1031\insrsid10554760  }{\i\lang1031\langfe1033\langnp1031\insrsid10554760 t}{
\lang1031\langfe1033\langnp1031\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\lang1031\langfe1033\langnp1031\insrsid10554760 er}{\lang1031\langfe1033\langnp1031\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\lang1031\langfe1033\langnp1031\insrsid10554760 rae}{
\lang1031\langfe1033\langnp1031\insrsid10554760  (genitive singular). }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 452, note 4, suggests it was free from geld (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 13,2\tab HORSEHAM [HALL]. Later in 'Freshwell' Hundred; see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 of}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 509; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 452, note 5 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 33 SHEEP. So in the manuscript; the Ordnance Survey facsimile has: '28' (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 14\tab LAND OF SAINT-VALERY'S. King William granted 12}{\up6\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \'bd hides in Essex to the abbey in 1068 (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Early Charters of Essex}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 37 no. 85) to repay Saint-Val\'e9ry for having sent a favourable wind to enable him to cross the Channel before the Battle of Hastings (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 14,1\tab MATCHING. }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
, i. p. 452, note 8 identified this as Matching Barns in Hatfield Broad Oak but this was not confirmed by }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 of}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , pp. 43, 45 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 14,2\tab LINDSELL. The manor of Prior's Hall there; see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 of}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 487 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab WITHIN THIS ENTRY on folio 21a, lines 2-7, Farley omits to show an oblique gap caused by a (repaired) tear in the manuscript (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 14,3\tab TAKELEY. The manor later called Warish Hall in Takeley; see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 of}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , pp. 535-36. its name commemorates ownership by Saint-Val\'e9ry's (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 14,5\tab WIDDINGTON. The manor of Prior's Hall there; see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 of}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 546 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 20 SHEEP. Little Domesday .}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 xx}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 . }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ou}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 es}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
] is in error, probably for .}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 xx}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 . }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 bor}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 darii}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ], '20 smallholders' (ARR).}{
\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 14,6\tab ST PETER'S CHAPEL. The estate was one of those near St Peter's Chapel (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Ythancaestir}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 c}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
. 735) on the site of the Roman fort of Othona; see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 of}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ,
 pp. 210-11. Identified by }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , i. pp. 453, 392 as the manor of East Hall in Bradwell (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 14,7\tab HE ALSO ^[THORKIL]^ HELD. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ten}{\i\f1\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 '}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , here for }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 tenuit}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
, governed as in 14,6 by 'Thorkil' (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 15\tab LAND LA TRINITE, CAEN. The nunnery there, founded by Queen Matilda (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 15,1\tab FELSTED. Granted to Holy Trinity in 1082 by King William and Queen Matilda; see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Early Charters of Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 39 no. 92 [=Bates, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , no. 60, pp. 287-88] (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab GAVE 3 VIRGATES. Recorded at 72,2 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 283 no. 1852 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab THE FOURTH. Recorded at 73,1 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 283 no. 1852 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid8606750 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 16\tab 
LAND OF SAINT-ETIENNE, CAEN. The monastery there, founded by William the Conqueror (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid8606750 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 16,1\tab PANFIELD. See }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
Early Charters of Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 38 no. 88, [also Bates, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , nos. 45, 52, pp. 215-19, 243-48], for King William's confir
mation of Panfield to St Stephen's between 1071 and 1077. It had been granted by Waleran son of Ranulf between 1069 and 1076, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Early Charters of Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 37 no. 86 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 

\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 17\tab ST OUEN'S. The abbey at Rouen, dedicated to St Audoenus (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 17,1\tab ST OUEN'S ^[OF ROUEN]^ HELD. Literally, 'St Ouen held'.}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab [WEST] MERSEA. The estate appears to have been granted to St Ouen's by Edward the Confessor in 1046: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Early Charters of Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 29 no. 63 (= Sawyer, }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Anglo-Saxon}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Charters}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , no. 1015) (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab WALERAN [* FATHER OF JOHN *] TOOK IT AWAY. See B6 for Waleran's connection with Colchester (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also 20,1 Engelric note, and see Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 283 no. 1851 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 17,2\tab ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *] TOOK 2 FREEMEN. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 283 no. 1853; and see 20,1 Engelric note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 

\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab ADDED TO THE KING'S MANOR AT LAYER. For the king's land there (said to be an outlier of Stanway manor), see 1,19 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 283 no. 1853 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab FORFEITURES OF THE HUNDRED. The profits of jurisdiction in the hundred court; see further Harmer, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Anglo-Saxon}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Writs}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
, pp. 73-85 (ARR).
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 283 no. 1853 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 18\tab BISHOP OF BAYEUX. Odo, King William's half-brother. Although he was imprisoned from 1082-1087, his lands were maintained as a unit (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 18,1\tab ^[RALPH]^ SON OF THOROLD. As elsewhere in this chapter, this no doubt refers to Ralph son of Thorold of Rochester (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 30 ACRES ... ADDED ... 1066. See 20,1 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See 3,8 after note, and see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 283 no. 1854 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 18,2\tab INGVAR <OF BURSTEAD>. The royal thane Ingvar was the predecessor of Ranulf son of Ilger and of Count Eustace of Boulogne in Essex (20,71. 37,3;10;12;14;16) and 
Cambridgeshire (CAM 15,2. 34,1), and of Ranulf in Huntingdonshire (HUN 24,1). The Ingvar who held the large manor of Burstead in Essex which devolved upon the Bishop of Bayeux is probably the same man since it is only a few miles from the substantial mano
r
 which Ranulf acquired from Ingvar at Mountnessing and it is improbable that two Anglo-Saxon magnates with the same rare name were such close neighbours. The only other holding of an Ingvar outside Devon, at South Elmham in Suffolk (SUF 19,16), is also li
kely to have belonged to the same individual since he was a lord of men and no other Ingvar will fit that description. See also Clarke, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 English Nobility}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , pp. 315-16 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 

\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 28 FREE MEN WERE ADDED. See 3,8 after note, and see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 283 no. 1855 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab WOODLAND, \'bd HIDE. The measurement of woodland in hides, here, in 18,5 and in several entries in ESS 24, is unusual in the Domesday survey (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 18,5\tab INGRAVE. The second part of the modern name preserves the name of the Domesday tenant, [Ralph] son of Thorold; see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 of}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 161 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab WOODLAND. See 18,2 woodland note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 7 FREE MEN ... HAVE BEEN ADDED. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 283 no. 1856 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 3 HIDES. }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 v}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  deleted, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 iii}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  interlined (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 11 SMALLHOLDERS. Misplaced among the resources (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 18,6\tab RAVENGAR TOOK THE LAND. See 9,2 Ravengar note, and see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 283 no. 1857 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 18,7\tab WHEATLEY. Later in Rochford Hundred; see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 of}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 195 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab ^[THEODRIC]^ POINTEL. Probably Theodric Pointel (ESS 71) (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab RAVENGAR TOOK THIS LAND. See 9,2 Ravengar note, and see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , pp. 283-84 no. 1858 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 18,9\tab TEHER. A Norman French form of Old German }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Theothere}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ; see Forssner, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Continental-Germanic}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Personal Names}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 228 (ARR)}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 .}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab This is the only occurrence of this form of the name in Domesday Book. A related form, Teri, appears in SUF 41,11, but this was a }{\i\insrsid10554760 T.R.E.}{\insrsid10554760  landholder only. A further form, }{
\i\insrsid10554760 Thyri}{\insrsid10554760 , appears in NFK 34,8 as a }{\i\insrsid10554760 T.R.W.}{\insrsid10554760 
 landholder, but there are no obvious tenurial links to the Essex holding, and neither were of sufficient size to suggest a geographical link between the two (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 18,11\tab 30 ACRES. At Mucking, see 9,1 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 284 no. 1859 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 18,14\tab OSWARD [* OF NORTON *]. Osward, probably the sheriff of Kent (KEN 1,1), is named as having full jurisdiction in western Kent (KEN D25); he was the pred
ecessor of the Bishop of Bayeux in Kent and Essex and probably also of the only two other holdings of an Osward in Kent, the two substantial manors of Crayford and Sellindge, the former held from the archbishop of Canterbury according to the }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Monachorum}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
, and the latter acquired by Hugh de Montfort. Crayford was adjacent to the royal manor of Dartford where Osward the sheriff was active, and Sellindge was in western Kent. Moreover, two wealthy landowners with an uncommon name in one county is unlikel
y, three improbable.
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab 
It has been observed that in the absence of documentation - almost always the case with Anglo-Saxon landowners - the search for connections which may indicate a identification 'starts with a scattering of dots across the map of Engla
nd': Lewis, 'Joining the Dots', p. 80. In the case of Osward, the dots are highly indicative: two concentrations, one in Kent, Sussex and Surrey, the other in western England. Otherwise the map is blank apart from a solitary dot in Nottinghamshire. In the
 
south-east, this pattern offers indications of identification where the usual clues - tenurial associations - fail, due the manner in which the Conqueror carved up Kent and Sussex in particular, and they point to a limited number of individuals, possibly 
o
nly one. The wealthy manor at Walkingstead (SUR 15,2), and the substantial ones at Addington (SUR 34,1), Pangdean and Ratton (SUS 10,35. 12,32), point in the same direction. Additionally, two tenants-in-chief acquired a holding from an Osward in Claverham
,
 and each had one other holding in the neighbourhood from an Osward. Finally, there are three holdings along the south coast of Sussex held by an Osward at both dates (SUS 12,24;27) or in 1086 (SUS 9,14): more than one survivor with an uncommon name in a 
l
imited area is improbable. These three holdings are interspersed with those already discussed, forming a line across southern Sussex and Kent between Muntham (SUS 13,15) in the west and Sellindge in the east. It seems more likely than not that the bulk of
 these holdings, possibly all of them, had belonged to the same individual, allowed to survive on a fraction of his former holdings by his supplanters, as was often the case elsewhere. See also Clarke, }{\i\insrsid10554760 English Nobility}{
\insrsid10554760 , whose list omits the holding recorded in the }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Monachorum}{\insrsid10554760  and also SUS 9,4 and 12,24;27;32 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 18,16\tab BARLING. The manor of Mucking Hall there; see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 456, note 7 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 

\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 18,17\tab 2 OXEN. That is, \'bc plough-team (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 18,18\tab 23s. }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 xiii}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  with another }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 x}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  interlined (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid8606750 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 18,19\tab ^[
THEODRIC]^ POINTEL. Probably Theodric Pointel (ESS 71), as 18,7(ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid8606750 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 18,20\tab 35 ACRES. }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 xxx}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  with }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 v}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  interlined (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 18,21\tab AUBREY [* DE VERE *]'S WIFE. That is, of Aubrey de Vere (ESS 35). Compare 18,24 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 'NAPSTED'. Lost in Little Maplestead; see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 of}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
, p. 447. Compare also 90,38 for Aubrey's wife's annexation at Little Maplestead (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 18,21a\tab TIHEL OF HELLEAN. See ESS 38 Tihel note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 18,22\tab MAN-AT-ARMS ... APPROPRIATED. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 284 no. 1860 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 18,23\tab FARLEY does not show two oblique tears (repaired) which affect the writing of entries 18,23-24 and 18,30-32 (on the reverse) in the manuscript (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab BRADWELL QUAY. Formerly 'Hackfleet', }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 of}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
, pp. 209-10 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab OUTLAWED ... RECEIVED THE LAND. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 284 no. 1861, who translates 'have taken the land' (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 18,24\tab FARLEY does not show two oblique tears (repaired) which affect the writing of entries 18,23-24 and 18,30-32 (on the reverse) in the manuscript (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab AUBREY [* DE VERE *]'S WIFE. That is, of Aubrey de Vere (ESS 35). Compare 18,21 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 18,25\tab [* HUGH *] HERBERT'S NEPHEW. Or possibly his grandson (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 nepos}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ). He was probably the Hugh, who held Screveton (NTT 7,6) from the bishop (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 

\par }{\lang2070\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2070\insrsid10554760 18,26\tab MAUGER. See 6,8 Mauger note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\lang2070\langfe1033\langnp2070\insrsid10554760 18,27\tab MAUGER. See 6,8 Mauger note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 18,29\tab MANNING. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Mannic}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ]; see von Feilitzen, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 324 (ARR).
\par }{\insrsid8606750 \tab \tab }{\insrsid10554760 This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 18,30\tab FARLEY does not show two oblique tears (repaired) which affect the writing of entries 18,23-24 and 18,30-32 (on the reverse) in the manuscript (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab RAINHAM. The manor of Southall there; see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 458, note 3; South Hall in }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
Place-Names}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 of}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 128 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 18,31\tab FARLEY does not show two oblique tears (repaired) which affect the writing of entries 18,23-24 and 18,30-32 (on the reverse) in the manuscript (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 18,32\tab FARLEY does not show two oblique tears (repaired) which affect the writing of entries 18,23-24 and 18,30-32 (on the reverse) in the manuscript (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab WILLIAM PEVEREL ... THURROCK. See 48,2 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 284 no. 1862 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 18,33\tab CRANHAM. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Craohv}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ; for the identification, see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 of}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , pp. 124-25 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 18,34\tab HIDES ... 10 ACRES. See 48,2 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 284 no. 1863 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 18,35\tab "LIMPWELLA". Unidentified, a place named from a spring of some sort (Old English }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 wella}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ). The first element looks like Old English (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ge}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 )}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 limp}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , 'an event, happening, accident' (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab BISHOP. In Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 comite}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  ('count') has been deleted (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 18,36\tab COUNTY DOES NOT KNOW HOW. See 1,9 hundred note, and see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 284 no. 1864 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab ELY ABBEY. See }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Inquisitio}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Eliensis}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , (Hamilton, p. 128), }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Inquisitio}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Eliensis }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Alienations, (Hamilton, p. 188) (ARR).
\par }{\insrsid8606750 \tab \tab }{\insrsid10554760 See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 284 no. 1864 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 2 MEN. }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Inquisitio}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Eliensis}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , (Hamilton, p. 128), has }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 liberi homines}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  ('free men') (ARR).
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 284 no. 1864 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 18,37\tab DANE. }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 dac}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ]; see Tengvik, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Old}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 English}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 135 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab "BEREWIC". Unidentified, Old English }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 bere-w\'eec}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , 'outlier' (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab THOROLD. Perhaps in error for [Ralph] son of Thorold of Rochester (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 18,38\tab R[ALPH] [* SON OF TUROLD *]. Son of Turold of Rochester (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 18,39\tab ANAND THE DANE. Old Danish }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Anund}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , von Feilitzen, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 161. For }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 dac}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] see Tengvik, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Old}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 English}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 135 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab AS A MANOR. }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 iii}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  at first written, then }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 m}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 anerio}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
] added overline as a correction (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab R[ALPH] [* SON OF TUROLD *]. See 18,38 R[alph] note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 18,40\tab SAEGAR. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Segar}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ]; see von Feilitzen, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 352, under }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Saegar}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab PATCHING [HALL]. }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 459, note 9, misinterprets }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Pacingas}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  as Latin accusative plural rather than as Old English nominative plural (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab R[ALPH] [* SON OF TUROLD *]. See 18,38 R[alph] note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 18,41\tab THIS ENTRY would appear to have been originally begun in Little Domesday on the previous line, where the paragraph-mark and an initial }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 M}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
 have been left in suspension (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab R[ALPH] [* SON OF TUROLD *]. See 18,38 R[alph] note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 18,42\tab THE OTHER MOULSHAM [HALL]. Another manor, also within the area now called Moulsham Hall (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab R[ALPH] [* SON OF TUROLD *]. See 18,38 R[alph] note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 18,43\tab EDSTAN <OF THORRINGTON>. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Adstan}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ]; see von Feilitzen, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 188 (ARR).
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab Edstan is a rare name so it is possible that the two holdings of an Edstan in Essex and Buckinghamshire were held by the same man, despite the distance between them, a link being provided
 by the Bishop of Bayeux. Although Bishop Odo is not recorded as holding Chicheley (BUK 17,25), the Bishop's predecessor, Alnoth of Kent, had held it, and every other holding of Alnoth of Kent had devolved upon the Bishop. It is likely, therefore, that it
 had passed through his hands and possible that Edstan had been his tenant there also (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab RALPH [* SON OF TUROLD *]. See 18,38 R[alph] note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab THOROLD OF ROCHESTER ANNEXED THIS LAND. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 284 no. 1865 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 18,44\tab OTHER LAND. Possibly a reference to the \'bd hide belonging to Lawford (in the same hundred) mentioned in 1,27 as being held by Ralph son of Thorold under the Bishop of Bayeux (ARR).
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 \tab \tab }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 284 no. 1865 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 18,45\tab OSLAC <OF TOLLESHUNT>}{\b\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 . }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
The name Oslac occurs on eighteen holdings in Domesday Book, probably representing between thirteen and fifteen individuals. The distribution is curious, falling into four distinct groups, in Devon, Shropshire, the Midlands, and East
 Anglia and Essex. The three modest holdings in Essex have no apparent links with each other (or with the men called Oslac in East Anglia) and are scattered around the three corners of the county. It is likely they belonged to three individuals (JP).}{
\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 19,1\tab [HUNDRED OF CHELMSFORD]. Little Domesday omits the hundred rubric (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab WRITTLE. See 1,24 for an almost duplicate entry (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab [* EARL *] HAROLD'S HOLDING. Referring to Earl Harold; in 1,24 the same information is given in reference to 'the king's Holding' (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also 1,1 Harold note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20\tab COUNT EUSTACE. Of Boulogne, brother-in-law of King Edward (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,1\tab 30 ACRES ... HOLDING. Entered under Vange (18,1), adjacent to Fobbing (ARR).
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 \tab \tab }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 285 no. 1866 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *]. Count Eustace's predecessor in many of his lands. The founder of St Martin-le-Grand in London (ARR).
\par \tab \tab Engelric the priest was the predecessor of Count Eustace of Boulogne in Essex, Hertfordshire and Suffolk, named 'the priest' in the }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Douglas, }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Feudal Documents from Bury St Edmunds}{
\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 p. 8. His holdings in other fiefs can be identified either because there is an association with Count Eustace (1,24;27. 17,2. HRT 15,4-6;9. 39,1.), because of his relationship t
o St Martin's (6,1), or because of his involvement with Abbot Baldwin (SUF 14,39;101. 39,3). The only other occurrence of the name Engelric in Domesday Book is that of the pre-Conquest holder of the handsome manor of Newnham Murren (OXF 35,11). It is diff
icult to believe that this was the only manor held by this man; but, if not, he was perforce Engelric the priest. Unfortunately, there are no tenurial or other links which can confirm this but it seems more likely than not. On Engelric, see Round, }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Commune of London}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , pp. 28-38. See also Clarke, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 English Nobility}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
, pp. 307-308, who does assign Newnham to Engelric the priest; his list, of course, does not include the many references to Engelric's post-Conquest holdings and plunderings (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab ADDED ... 22 FREE MEN. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 285 no. 1866 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,2\tab WARNER. The Little Domesday form }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Garner}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] is an Old French form of Old German }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
Warinhari}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ; see Forssner, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Continental-Germanic}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Personal Names}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , pp. 247-48 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,3\tab BODDA. This is the only occurrence of this form of the name in Domesday Book. A related form, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Boda}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ,}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
appears in HAM 23,43;56. 45,6, WIL 37,14. 68,33. All these were }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 T.R.E.}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  landholders only except for the Boda of HAM 23,56 and there are no obvious tenurial links to the }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
T.R.W.}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  holding of Budd in Essex. The distance between the holdings also gives a strong indication that Budd was a separate individual (NH).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab THEN 2 PLOUGHS. In the manuscript, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ii}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  has been altered from }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 i}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,4\tab ORSETT. The manor of Loft Hall there: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 461, note 2 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab BISHOP OF LONDON. Bishop William, see 3,2 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *]. See also 20,1 Engelric note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab THIS HIDE ... 100 MANORS. These are also mentioned in 3,2. They may refer to a total number of manors promised to Count Eustace by King William (ARR).
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 \tab \tab }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 285 no. 1867 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,5\tab [* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 'GRAVESEND'. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Grauesanda}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 m}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ]. Probably a detached part of Gravesend, 
Kent, which lies on the opposite bank of the Thames to Barstable Hundred. Compare the entry for Chalk (KEN 5,104) for another connection between estates in Kent and Essex (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *]. See also 20,1 Engelric note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab THIS HIDE ... 100 MANORS. These are also mentioned in 3,2. They may refer to a total number of manors promised to Count Eustace by King William (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 285 no. 1868 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,6\tab AELFRIC ... HOLDS. }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Tenuit}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  ('held') altered to }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Tenet}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  ('holds') (ARR).
\par }{\insrsid8606750 \tab \tab }{\insrsid10554760 See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 285 no. 1869 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab [* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 30 ACRES. See 28,3. Compare 1,3 dispossessed note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,7\tab ALWAYS ... 1 PLOUGH. }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Se}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 m}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 p}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 er
}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] in this instance means 'then and now', since a different figure is given for 'when acquired' (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab HIRED MAN. Translating }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 mercennari}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab ADDED 38 ACRES. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 285 no. 1870 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,8\tab QUEEN EDITH. The consort of Edward the Confessor and daughter of Earl Godwin of Wessex (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 300 AND A HALF. That is, 350; unless }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 dim}{\f1\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 '}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  has been entered in error through confusion with the line below (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 

\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab COLCHESTER. See B3g for Count Eustace's houses there (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab RICHARD}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  OF SACKVILLE. He came from Sacquenville (in the French d\'e9partement of Eure: arrondissement Evreux, [canton Evreux-Nord]), according to Tengvik, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Old}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 English}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , pp. 111-12 (ARR). This was also the identification of JRM in HRT 31,6.
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab There is no doubt that the Domesday forms of the name (}{\i\insrsid10554760 de Sachanuilla}{\insrsid10554760  here and }{\i\insrsid10554760 de Sacheuilla}{\insrsid10554760 
 in ESS 20,8, assuming a missed nunnation mark over the -}{\i\insrsid10554760 e}{\insrsid10554760 - in the latter) point to Sacquenville, early forms of which are }{\i\insrsid10554760 Sachenvilla}{\insrsid10554760  (}{\i\insrsid10554760 c}{
\insrsid10554760 .1060) }{\i\insrsid10554760 Sachenville}{\insrsid10554760  (1195), }{\i\insrsid10554760 Sakenvilla}{\insrsid10554760  (}{\i\insrsid10554760 c}{\insrsid10554760 . 1210). The identification with Secqueville-en-Bessin (Round in }{
\i\insrsid10554760 VCH Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 379; Round, 'The Essex Sackville'; p. 218; Loyd, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Some Anglo-Norman Families}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 88; Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday People}{\insrsid10554760 
, p. 361) depends on the fact that Secqueville-en-Bessin (in the French d\'e9partement of Calvados, arrondissement Caen, canton Creully) is 7 miles from Ryes (in the French d\'e9
partement of Calvados, arrondissement Bayeux), the place of origin of Eudo the ste
ward from whom Richard holds here. However, this Richard is presumably the same as the man who holds from Count Eustace in Essex. Eustace was Count of Boulogne far away in the Artois, now the French d\'e9
partement of Pas-de-Calais. There is no evidence that Richard was a follower of either man on the continent. Moreover, the early forms of Secqueville are }{\i\insrsid10554760 Sicca Villa}{\insrsid10554760  (1077), }{\i\insrsid10554760 Sechevilla}{
\insrsid10554760  (1155), }{\i\insrsid10554760 Secqueville}{\insrsid10554760  (1127); these are Latin }{\i\insrsid10554760 sicca villa}{\insrsid10554760  ('dry estate'), modern French 'ville s\'e8che'; they are not compatible with Domesday's }{
\i\insrsid10554760 de Sacha}{\insrsid10554760 (}{\i\insrsid10554760 n}{\insrsid10554760 )}{\i\insrsid10554760 uilla}{\insrsid10554760 . Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday People}{\insrsid10554760 
, p. 361, has Richard originate from 'Sauqueville-en-Besin, Calvados, arr[ondissement] Caen, cant[on] Creully', but this is confusing since there is no Sauqueville-en-Besin, only Secqueville-en-Bessin. There is a Sauqueville in the French d\'e9
partement of Seine-Maritime (arrondissement Dieppe, canton Offranville) from which Round, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Peerage and Pedigree}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 287, and Loyd, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Some Anglo-Norman Families}{\insrsid10554760 
, p. 88, derived the Sackvilles who were the later earls of Dorset. The family of the Sackvilles of Essex probably descended from the present Richard and the form }{\i\insrsid10554760 Sackevilla}{\insrsid10554760 
 (1220) for Sacquenville shows the name in a transitional state; see Dauzat and Rostaing, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Dictionnaire des Noms de Lieux en France}{\insrsid10554760 , under Sacquenville, S\'e9cheval; Reaney, }{\i\insrsid10554760 
Dictionary of British Surnames}{\insrsid10554760 , under Sackville.}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab TOOK AWAY ... \'bd MILL. See 25,1 Richard note (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 285 no. 1871 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,9\tab [* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,11\tab [* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,12\tab IWAIN. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Iunain}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] here, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Iunan}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] 20,50. The first }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 n}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  in both spellings is in error for }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 u}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 . }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Iwain}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  is Old Breton or Old Welsh (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,13\tab ADELULF [* OF MARCK *]. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Adelolfus.}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  Possibly from Marck (in the French d\'e9partement of Pas-de-Calais: arrondissement Calais), according to Tengvik, 
}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Old}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 English}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 98. His first name is Old German; Forssner, }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Continental-Germanic}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Personal Names}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 10. For his family and estates, see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 344 (ARR).
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab He was a Fleming and an important tenant of Count Eustace of Boulogne, and according to more recent authorities he was from probably from Merck-Saint-Liz\'e9vin (in the French d\'e9partement of Pas-de-Calais: arrondissemen
t Saint-Omer): Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday People}{\insrsid10554760 
, p. 125. His name is rare, being borne by at most three other individuals in Domesday Book so there can be little doubt that all occurrences of this name on the fief of Count Eustace refer to the same individual (JP).
\par \tab \tab 
In connection with the uncertainty over his place of origin, it should be pointed out that the family name Guines is associated with Adelulf's holding in Tolleshunt (see 20,57 Tolleshunt note). Guines in the Pas-de-Calais is nearer Marck than to Merck.}{
\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab LATTON. The manor of Mark Hall there (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 of}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
, p. 44), named from the byname of the 1086 subtenant. Compare 20,13 Adelulf note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab ERNWULF <OF LATTON>. Probably Old English }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Earnwulf}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , but possibly Old Danish }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Arnulf}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ; von Feilitzen, }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 244 (ARR).
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab The name Ernwulf occurs on eight or nine (if NTT 9,89 is included) holdings in Domesday Book, each probably belonging to a different individual. None of the holdings are substantial, all are distan
t from each other, and none shared English predecessors or Norman tenants-in-chief. Five of the holdings were pre-Conquest tenures, three or four post-Conquest. These latter may well have been of continental origin (as was certainly the case at Leake in N
ottinghamshire), making more remote the slight possibility that any of the Ernwulfs were related to each other. The nearest Ernwulf holding to Latton was the tiny property at Parham in Suffolk, too small and too distant to be plausibly connected (JP).}{
\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab AT A CHURCH. Translating }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ad}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 una}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 m}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 eccl}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 es}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 iam}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 . A possible alternative is '(belonging) to a church' (ARR).}{
\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,14\tab BRICTMER. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Brictnar}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab \'bd HIDE. }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 7}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 dim}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 idia}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 hid}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 a}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] in Farley is in error for }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 p}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ro}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 dim}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 idia}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 hid}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 a}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] of the manuscript (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 

\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,15\tab ADELULF OF MARCK. See 20,13 Adelulf note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab DUNMOW. The manor of Marks there (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 of}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
, p. 477), named from the family of the 1086 subtenant. Compare 20,13 Latton note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,16\tab ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *]. See also 20,1 Engelric note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,17\tab NOT OF ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *]'S. See 20,1 Engelric note, and see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 285 no. 1872 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab THERE. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 .i.bi.}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  in error for }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ibi}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,18\tab 'PLESINGHO'. Lost, in Willingale Doe: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 of}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , pp. 500-501. See also 90,30 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,19\tab 7 HIDES. NOW. Farley omits to show a gap, caused by an erasure, in the manuscript between }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 hid}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 is}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] and }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 M}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 odo}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *] ADDED 2 HIDES. See 3,8 after note and 20,1 Engelric note, and see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 285 no. 1873 (JP).}{
\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab \'bd HIDE. See 28,9 Engelric note (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See 3,8 after note, and see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 285 no. 1872 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,21\tab THEN 38 SHEEP. Latin }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 tunc}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  ('then') is interlined (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,22\tab ADELULF [* OF MARCK *]. See 20,13 Adelulf note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *] APPROPRIATED THIS LAND. See 3,8 after note, and see 20,1 Engelric note. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 285 no. 1874 (JP).}{
\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,24\tab ADELULF [* OF MARCK *]. See 20,13 Adelulf note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,25\tab ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *] ALSO ADDED 1 FREE MAN. See 3,8 after note, and see 20,1 Engelric note. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 285 no. 1875 (JP).}{
\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,26\tab ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *] APPROPRIATED AFTER 1066. See 1,27 king note, and see 20,1 Engelric note. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 285 no. 1876 (JP).
}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,27\tab [STEEPLE] BUMPSTEAD. The manor of Garnons there; see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 464, note 6; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
Place-Names}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 of}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 420, under Garland's Farm (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab CATTLE. Farley adds an otiose abbreviation-mark above }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 n}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  of }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 anim}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 alia}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 )}{\dn6\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ,}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  not in the manuscript (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *] ADDED 1 FREE MAN. See 20,1 Engelric note, and see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , pp. 285-86 no. 1877 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 

\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,28\tab BELCHAMP. }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 464, note 9, identifies this as Belchamp St Ethelbert in Ovington (see }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 of}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 448, under Allbrights), but this is not supported by }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 of}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , pp. 408-409 or by }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Gazetteer}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab WHICH ... HELD. Deleted thus in the manuscript (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,29\tab ADELULF }{\caps\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [* OF MARCK *].}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  See 20,13 Adelulf note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab HOLDS. Deleted thus in the manuscript (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,30\tab GUY [* OF ANJOU *]. A tenant of Count Eustace of Boulogne in Cambridgeshire, Essex and Norfolk, named in the }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
 (CAM 15,2) and in Domesday text for Norfolk (NFK 1,1. 8,31) where it is revealed that he had an uncle, possibly Norman, also possibly a tenant of the Count: see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Keats-Rohan}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday People}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 463 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 20 ... LESS 1. Little Domesday omits the category of livestock. Probably pigs or sheep (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *]. See also 20,1 Engelric note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,31\tab GUY [* OF ANJOU *]. See 20,30 Guy note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *]. See also 20,1 Engelric note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,32\tab VILLAGERS, NOW 3. }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ii}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  altered to }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 iii}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  in the manuscript (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 14 SMALLHOLDERS. }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 xiiii}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , the }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 x}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  has been altered from }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 i}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
 in the manuscript (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *] ... MANORS. Presumably those of Finchingfield (20,30) and Smeetham Hall (20,32) (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also 20,1 Engelric note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,34\tab ST MARTIN-LE-GRAND, LONDON. See ESS 12 St Martins' note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab VALUE ... 100s. Deleted thus in the manuscript (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab WHICH ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *] APPROPRIATED. See 20,1 Engelric note, and see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 286 no. 1878 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 

\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab PLACED THESE ... HALL. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 286 no. 1878 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,36\tab COLCHESTER. As 20,8 Colchester note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab BLANCHED. In 20,36-37 both the adjectives }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 candidus}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  and }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 blancus}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
 are used to describe pounds of pennies which have been assayed (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab BECAUSE HIS PREDECESSOR. Another way of saying that the annexation was the work of Engelric the priest. See 20,1 Engelric note, and see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 286 no. 1879 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,37\tab BLANCHED. Se 20,36 blanched note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab AELFRIC ... BOXTED. See HUN D7 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 2 COBS. The manuscript has }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 iii}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  with the last minim erased; the Ordnance Survey facsimile has }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 iii}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{
\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,38\tab ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *] HAD IT. See 20,1 Engelric note, and see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 286 no. 1880 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,39\tab ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *]. See 20,1 Engelric note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab COLCHESTER. See B3g for Count Eustace's houses there (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,40\tab EDRIC}{\cgrid0\insrsid1646802  [* OF EASTHORPE *]}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 . Called Edric of Easthorpe in 37,20 from his holding here (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,41\tab COLNE. }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 466, note 2, identifies this as Colne Engaine but this is not supported by }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 of}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 379 or by }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Gazetteer }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab AELFRIC BIG. The byname }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 biga}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  is probably identical with Middle English }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 bigge}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  'of large, bulky size', Tengvik, }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Old}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 English}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , pp. 290-92 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab AFTER THE KING ^[WILLIAM]^ CAME. See 1,27 king note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *] HAD IT. See 20,1 Engelric note, and see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 286 no. 1881 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,42\tab GODRIC OF COLCHESTER. See Bl-2 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,43\tab [* EARL *] LEOFWIN. The name Leofwin is so common that it is an almost hopeless task to identify the earl of that name if the scribe omits h
is title. Even in the Sussex heartland of the Godwinson family where Leofwins are suspiciously thick on the ground, there are few cases where a reasonably secure identification can be suggested. It is likely, for instance, that most if not all of the subs
t
antial manors held by a Leofwin in the county (SUS 11,21;68. 12,40. 13,20;38;43) had belonged to the earl; but which of them is guesswork. Only in the case of Worthing and Sompting (SUS 13,35-40), where the interdependence of holdings and the coincidence 
o
f the names of Earl Godwin, Leofwin and Tosti suggest a family holding, has an identification been accepted as reasonably secure. Outside the county, it is probable that the Leofwins at Islington in Middlesex (MDX 11,2) and Libury in Hertfordshire (HRT 5,
1
0) were the earl since no other Leofwin was a lord of men in Middlesex and other men held from the earl in Libury. It is also likely that it was the earl who held the substantial manor of Rampisham in Dorset (DOR 4,1) since this devolved upon the Bishop o
f
 Bayeux who succeeded Earl Leofwin in several other counties. Finally, Count Eustace of Boulogne probably acquired his very valuable manors of Stanford and Laver (20,43;45) from the earl, these being by a very considerable margin the most valuable manors 
held by a Leofwin in Essex. See also Clarke, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 English Nobility}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
, pp. 200-203, who omits from his list the substantial Hertfordshire manors held by the earl's men in Hemel Hempstead and King's Langley (HRT 15,10-11) (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab AS MUCH. Little Domesday has an otiose abbreviation-mark above }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 u}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  of }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 tantunde}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 m}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab ACQUIRED 7, NOW 5. Farley does not show the gap in the text in the manuscript, caused by an erasure between }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 vii}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  and }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 m}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 odo}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *] ... ADDING HIM. See 20,1 Engelric note, and see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 286 no. 1882 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab VALUE ALWAYS 5s. Corrected thus in the manuscript (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,44\tab AELFRIC'S FATHER HELD. There is a deletion of about two letters in the manuscript after }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ten}{\f1\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 '}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ten&}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  has probably been altered to }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ten}{\f1\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 '}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  standing here for }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ten}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 uit}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 )] (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab [AS] OF ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *]'S HOLDING. Translating }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 de}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 feudo}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ingelrici}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , meaning that it had formerly been held by Engelric (ARR).
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab See also 20,1 Engelric note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,45\tab [* EARL *] LEOFWIN. See 20,43 Leofwin note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *] ADDED THEM. See 20,1 Engelric note, and see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 286 no. 1883 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 40 ACRES WHICH ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *] ADDED. See 20,1 Engelric note, and see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 286 no. 1883 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 

\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,46\tab AELGYTH [* WIDOW OF THURSTAN *]. See 33,6 Aelgyth note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab NOW RALPH BAYNARD HOLDS IT. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 286 no. 1884 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,49\tab ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *] ANNEXED [HIM]. Alternatively '[them]', referring to the 10 acres (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See 20,1 Engelric note, and see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 286 no. 1885 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,50\tab IWAIN. See 20,12 Iwain note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,51\tab [* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *] ... 1066. See 1,24 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See 20,1 Engelric note, and see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 286 no. 1886 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,52\tab ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *] ANNEXED. See 1,24 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See 20,1 Engelric note, and see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 287 no. 1887 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab AFTER THE KING ^[WILLIAM]^ ARRIVED. See 1,27 king note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,53\tab ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *] ANNEXED THIS. See 20,1 Engelric note, and see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 287 no. 1888 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 

\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,54\tab ADELULF }{\caps\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [* OF MARCK *]}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 . See 20,13 Adelulf note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *] ANNEXED THIS. See 20,1 Engelric note, and see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 287 no. 1889 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,55\tab ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *] ANNEXED THIS. See 20,1 Engelric note, and see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 287 no. 1890 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 

\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,56\tab ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *] ANNEXED THIS. See 20,1 Engelric note, and see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 287 no. 1891 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 

\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab AFTER THE KING ^[WILLIAM]^ CAME TO THIS LAND. See 1,27 king note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab UNDER THEM. That is, under Lambert before 1066 and under Engelric after 1066 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab RANULF PEVEREL CLAIMS \'bd HIDE. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 287 no. 1891 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab WHO ... DEFENDER. }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 unde}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 reuocat}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ea}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
m}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ad}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 defensore}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 m}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ]; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 e}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 am}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] is a Farley error for }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 eu}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 m}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] of the manuscript (ARR).}{
\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab AS. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 u}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  is in error for }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ut}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,57\tab ADELULF [* OF MARCK *]. See 20,13 Adelulf note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab TOLLESHUNT. }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 468, note 6, identifies this as the manor of Tolleshunt Guines in Tollesbury. }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 of}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
, p. 305, under Guines Court, does not quote the Little Domesday form however (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab THORBIORN. Compare ESS 70 Hagebern note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,58\tab ADELULF [* OF MARCK *]. See 20,13 Adelulf note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,59\tab AELMER [* MILK *]. See 33,23 Aelmer note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,60\tab ST MARTIN-LE-GRAND ^[LONDON]^. That is, the church of St Martin-le-Grand; see ESS 12 St Martin note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,61\tab 'BLATCHAMS'. Lost, in Great Totham; see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 of}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , pp. 310-11 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab VALUE 10s. Little Domesday has omitted }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Tunc}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  before }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Val}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 uit}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
] (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,62\tab AMALFRID. The Little Domesday form }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Alm'frid}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] is corrupt. The name is Old German, Forssner, }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Continental-Germanic}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Personal Names}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 26 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab GUTHMUND [* OF NACTON *]. See 27,14 Guthmund note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab FREE MAN. Little Domesday repeats }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 lib}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 er}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] in error (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,63\tab ST OSYTH. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Cita}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 m}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] is in error for }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Cica}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 m}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ]. The place-name commemorates St Osyth who is said to have founded a nunnery at }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Cicc}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  in the seventh century, see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
Place-Names}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 of}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , pp. 347-48. The present holding is identified by }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 469, note 5, as the manor of Earl's Hall in St Osyth (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab "BURNA". Unidentified, Old English }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 burna}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  '(place at) the stream' (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 30 ACRES. In the manuscript there is a deletion (?of }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 quas}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ) after }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 .xxx.}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ac}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 re}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ) (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,64\tab TENDRING. The manor of Old Hall there; see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 469, note 9 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab AS MUCH. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 tantude}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 m}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] is in error for }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 tantu}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 n}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 de}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 m}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,65\tab HATO. Old German }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Hado}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Hatto}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , see F\'f6rstemann, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Personennamen}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 790, under }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Hatho}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,66\tab [* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,67\tab ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *] HELD. See 20,1 Engelric note, and see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
, p. 287 no. 1892, who translates 'from the bishopric of London' (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab ST PAUL'S, LONDON. See ESS 5 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,68\tab ADELULF [* OF MARCK *]. See 20,13 Adelulf note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,69\tab ADELULF [* OF MARCK *]. See 20,13 Adelulf note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab LAWFORD. The manor of Dale Hall there; see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
, i. p. 470, note 5. Compare in 1,27 the reference to an outlier of 4 hides annexed by Engelric and held by Count Eustace (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab WHICH ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *] ANNEXED. See 20,1 Engelric note, and see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 287 no. 1893 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab THEM. Referring to the 3 Freemen (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,70\tab TENDRING. }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 470, note 7; The manor of Old Hall in Tendring, as 20,64 Tendring note (ARR).}{
\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,71\tab INGVAR <OF BURSTEAD>. See 18,2 Ingvar note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab [AS] OF ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *]'S HOLDING. See 20,44 Engelric note (ARR), and see also 20,1 Engelric note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab APPROPRIATED AFTER 1066. }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 t}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 empore}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 r}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 egis}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Will}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 elm}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 i}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
 has been altered, by deletion in the manuscript, from }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 t}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 empore}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 r}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 egis}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 e}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 dwardi}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] (ARR).
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab See 1,27 king note, and see also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 287 no. 1894 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab THESE 8 ACRES. Presumably those belonging to the 2 Freemen who had not been appropriated by Engelric (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab WILLIAM CARDON HOLDS. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 287 no. 1894 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab HE PAID. The Freeman (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,72\tab GUY [* OF ANJOU *]. See 20,30 Guy note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab SIRED. Corrected from Siward; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Siuuard}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ], }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 -uuard}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] underlined for deletion, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 -red}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] interlined (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 3 PLOUGHS IN LORDSHIP. Farley does not show a gap caused by an erasure in the manuscript between }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 car}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 uce}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] and }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 in}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 . There are also deletions and alterations in the following line in the manuscript (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,73\tab GUY [* OF ANJOU *]. See 20,30 Guy note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab WHICH ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *] APPROPRIATED. See 3,8 after note, and 20,1 Engelric note, and see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 287 no. 1895 (JP).}{
\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,74\tab AELMER [* MILK *]. See 33,23 Aelmer note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *] APPROPRIATED THIS MANOR. See 3,8 after note, and see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 287 no. 1896 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 

\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 200 SHEEP AND 88 SHEEP. Thus in the manuscript. The second mention of sheep may be in error for goats however (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,75\tab BRICTWULF. According to }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Early Charters of Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 36 no. 83 [= Bates, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
, no. 43, p. 213], a writ of King William dated between 1066 and 1087, Brictwulf's lands were to be held by the Abbey of Bury St Edmunds. This writ does not appear to have taken effect by the time of Domesday (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,76\tab BRICTWULF. See 20,75 Brictwulf note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *] APPROPRIATED IT. See 3,8 after note, and 20,1 Engelric note, and see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 288 no. 1897 (JP).}{
\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,77\tab WHOM ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *] ANNEXED. See 90,64 where Engelric is said to have also held an annexation of 30 acres at Bendysh [Hall] (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See 20,1 Engelric note, and see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 288 no. 1898 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,79\tab ADELULF [* OF MARCK *]. See 20,13 Adelulf note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *] ... ANNEXED HIM. See 20,1 Engelric note; and see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 288 no. 1899 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 20,80\tab 30 ACRES ... APPROPRIATED. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 288 no. 1900 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 21\tab THE WHOLE OF THIS FIEF is entered on a half-sheet in the manuscript (folio 35) (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab COUNT ALAN. Of Brittany, son-in-law of King William. His name is Old Breton }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Alan}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 21,2\tab HERVEY [* OF 'SPAIN' *]. The name Hervey occurs i
n Essex only as a tenant of Count Alan of Brittany, the bulk of whose fief he held. There can be little doubt that all these Herveys are the same individual, named Hervey of 'Spain' in 21,9. According to Keats-Rohan, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
Domesday People}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 254-55, he was probably from Epinay (in the French d\'e9partement of Ille-et-Vilaine: arrondissement Rennes) (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab EDEVA [* THE FAIR *]. See 1,30 Edeva note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 21,3\tab EDEVA [* THE FAIR *]. See 1,30 Edeva note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab AMONG MEADOW AND MARSH. Translating }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 int}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 er}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 p}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ra}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 tu}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 m}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 7}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 m
aresc}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 21,4\tab HERVEY [* OF 'SPAIN' *]. See 21,2 Hervey note (JP)}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 .}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab EDEVA [* THE FAIR *]. See 1,30 Edeva note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab FINCHINGFIELD. The manor of Spain's Hall there; see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 of}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 427 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 21,5\tab EDEVA [* THE FAIR *]. See 1,30 Edeva note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 21,9\tab HERVEY OF 'SPAIN'. See 21,2 Hervey note (JP)}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 .}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab EARL R[ALPH]. Of East Anglia. Called Ralph 'Wader' in Cambridgeshire (CAM 19,4). With Earl Waltheof (see 55
,1 Waltheof note) and Earl Roger of Hereford, he rebelled against King William in 1075 and ended his life in exile. The byname 'Wader', Domesday Book }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Waders}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , may be a place-name; see Tengvik, }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Old}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 English}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 119 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab THIS LAND. }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 han}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  is a Little Domesday error for }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 hanc}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 21,10\tab HERVEY OF 'SPAIN' ALSO HOLDS. See 21,2 Hervey note (JP)}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 .}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab EMANUEL [WOOD]. Between 1089 and 1093 this was granted by Count Alan to the Abbey of Bury St Edmunds, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Early Charters of Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 43 no. 104 (ARR).}{
\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 21,11\tab HE ALSO ^[HERVEY OF 'SPAIN']^ HOLDS. See 21,2 Hervey note (JP)}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 .}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab EDEVA [* THE FAIR *]. See 1,30 Edeva note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 21,12\tab EDEVA [* THE FAIR *]. See 1,30 Edeva note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab HERVEY [* OF 'SPAIN' *]. }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Herueu}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] is a Little Domesday error for }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Herue}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] (ARR).
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab See also 21,2 Hervey note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 22\tab WILLIAM OF WARENNE. Later created Earl of Surrey by King William II (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 22,1\tab "UPHAM". Unidentified, Old English }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 up-h\'e2m}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , or }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 up-hamm}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , 'upper estate' or 'upper enclosure' (ARR).}{
\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 22,2\tab SWETING <OF TILBURY>. The name Sweting
 is rare, occurring on only a handful of scattered and (with one exception) tiny holdings, without tenurial or other associations with each other. It is probable that all of them were held by different individuals (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 22,3\tab [* AELMER *] HOLDFAST. Probably identical with Aelmer Holdfast, see 61,2 Aelmer note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab TO THIS MANOR WAS ADDED 1 VIRGATE. See 3,8 after note, and see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 288 no. 1901 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 22,4\tab ALWIN GOTTON. The rest of his land had lain in Hertfordshire. On his byname, probably deriving from a lost place in that county, see HRT 10,6 Alwin note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 22,5\tab DOVE. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Duua}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 . Either Old English (hypothetical) }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 d\'fbfe}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  or Old Norse }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 d
\'fafa}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  'a dove'; see von Feilitzen, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 227, Redin, }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Uncompounded Personal Names in Old English}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 116 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab EASTON. The manor of Blamsters [in Great Easton] there, according to }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 474, note 3 (ARR).}{
\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 22,6\tab MEN HELD. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 tenuit}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  has been corrected to }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 tenuerunt}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , but rather untidily (ARR).}{
\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab THEN 1 PRIEST. In the manuscript the }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 p}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  of }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 p}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 res}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ]}{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 b}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ite}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 r}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  has been altered from }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 b}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{
\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab VILLAGERS. In Little Domesday the number of villagers 'then' has been altered from 7 to 9 and that 'now' from 9 to 7 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 22,7\tab W[ILLIAM] OF VATTEVILLE. Either Vatteville-la-Rue (in the French d\'e9partement of Seine-Maritime: arrondissement Rouen), or Vatteville (in the French d\'e9
partement of Eure: arrondissement Les Andelys); see Keats-Rohan, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 People}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 482; Tengvik, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Old}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 English}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 120. Compare Robert in 23,41 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab THE ABBOT OF ELY HELD. See 10,2 Roding note. Compare }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Inquisitio}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Eliensis }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Alienations, (Hamilton, p. 184) (ARR).

\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 288 no. 1902 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 22,8\tab NOW ... 3 \'bd HIDES. See 22,8 hide note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab THE HIDE ... ADDED TO THIS MANOR. See 10,2 and }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Inquisitio}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Eliensis}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , (Hamilton, p. 126), }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
Inquisitio}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Eliensis }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Alienations, (Hamilton, p. 184) (ARR).
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 288 no. 1903 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 22,9\tab WULFBERT <OF DUNMOW>. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Guib}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 er}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 t}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] is probably in error for }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Gulb}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 er}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 t}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] a Romance form for Old German }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Wulfbert}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ; see von Feilitzen, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 418; compare Forssner, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Continental-Germanic}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Personal Names}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 259. See also 22,12 Wulfbert note (ARR).}{
\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid8606750 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab 
Wulfbert is an uncommon name, occurring on fewer than twenty holdings in Domesday Book, so it is improbable that William of Warenne had more than one tenant of this name. Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday People}{\insrsid10554760 
, p. 239, identifies him as a Norman from Croix-Mare (in the French d\'e9partement of Seine-Maritime: arrondissement Rouen, [canton Pavilly]) (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid8606750 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab DUNMOW. The manor of Southall there; see }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 474, note 8 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 22,10\tab SIGEMOND. Old German }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Sigemund}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , with Romance }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 o }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 derived from}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  u}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ; compare Forssner, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Continental-Germanic}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Personal Names}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 225 (ARR).
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab This is the only occurrence of this form of the name in Domesday Book. A related form, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Sigmund}{\insrsid10554760 , appears in WOR 2,78. 19,6 and WAR 22,24, all }{\i\insrsid10554760 T.R.E.}{
\insrsid10554760  landholders. A further form, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Sigmundr}{\insrsid10554760 , appears in LIN 61,4;7 as a }{\i\insrsid10554760 T.R.W.}{\insrsid10554760 
 landholder, but there are no obvious tenurial or geographical links between the two holdings, suggesting that Sigemond was a separate individual (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 22,11\tab HALSTEAD. The manor of Hipworth Hall there; see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 475, note 2 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 

\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 22,12\tab [STEEPLE] BUMPSTEAD. The manor of Moyns there; see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 475, note 4 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 

\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab WULFBERT <OF DUNMOW>. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Gulb}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 er}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 t}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , see 22,9 Wulfbert note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 22,13\tab HUNT'S HALL. Formerly 'Pooley': }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 of}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
, p. 450 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab GLADIOU. It is uncertain whether the person named was a man or a woman. If a woman, the form }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Gladiou}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  might be from hypothetical }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Glaedgeofa}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  a variant of Old English hypothetical}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  Glaedgifu}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 . If a man, the final element of the name has been obscured but could possibly have been originally }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
-uin}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  from }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 -wine}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , and thus the full name might be hypothetical }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Glaedwine}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ; see von Feilitzen, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , pp. 261-62 (ARR).
\par }{\insrsid8606750 \tab \tab }{\insrsid10554760 This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab SLAVES, NOW 5. }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 null}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
], 'none', deleted before '5'. Thus in the manuscript, but not shown in Ordnance Survey facsimile (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab [THEN]. Little Domesday omits }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Tunc}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab WILLIAM CLAIMS ... BY EXCHANGE. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 288 no. 1904 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 22,14\tab WILLIAM HOLDS ... BY EXCHANGE. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 288 no. 1905 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab WULFBERT <OF DUNMOW>. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Wlb}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 er}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 t}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ]. See 22,9 Wulfbert note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab VALUE ...[***]s. Little Domesday omits the numeral (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 22,15\tab AS 3 MANORS. See 5,7 manors note (NH).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab WILLIAM [HOLDS IT] ... BY HIS EXCHANGE. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 288 no. 1906 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab WULFBERT <OF DUNMOW>. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Wlb}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 er}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 t}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ]. See 22,9 Wulfbert note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 22,16\tab GODRIC SKIPPER. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 scipri}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , probably an Anglicized form of Old West Scandinavian }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 skipari}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
 'sailor'; see Tengvik, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Old}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 English}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 267 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 22,18\tab GODRIC POINC. Tengvik, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Old}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 English}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
, pp. 328-29 derives the byname from Old French }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 poign}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 e}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
) 'fist'; since his first name is Old English, this would appear to be an Englishman with a French byname and the French word might be a translation of an English byname such as }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Hand}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  or }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Fyst}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 22,19\tab WENDENS. Little Wendon in Wendens Ambo; see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 476 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab THIS IS BY EXCHANGE. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 288 no. 1907 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 22,20\tab CHARDWELL. Formerly 'Ainsworth'; see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 of}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
, p. 517; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 476, note 2 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab THEN 4. }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 T}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 un}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 c}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  has been altered in the manuscript from }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 7c}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , with a nunnation mark over the }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 c }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab THEN [***] SMALLHOLDERS. Little Domesday omits the numeral (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 22,21\tab CHISHILL. The manor of Tewes or Lisles in Great Chishill; see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 476, note 4 (ARR).}{
\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab WILLIAM HAS IT BY EXCHANGE. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 288 no. 1908 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 22,22\tab PAGLESHAM. The manors of East Hall and South Hall there; see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 476, note 6 (ARR).}{
\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab SLAVES, NOW 3. In the manuscript }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 iii}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  was originally written at the end of the same line as }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 m}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 odo}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ], but was then erased and transferred to the following line (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 22,23\tab [VALUE]. Little Domesday omits }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 valuit}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab EXCHANGE IN NORMANDY. That is, in exchange for land in Normandy (ARR).
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 \tab \tab }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , pp. 288-89 no. 1909 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 22,24\tab SAME EXCHANGE. That mentioned in 22,23 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 289 no. 1910 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab OF THE KING'S JURISDICTION. Translating }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 e}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 st}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 de}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 socna}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 regis}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 23\tab RICHARD, SON OF COUNT GILBERT. Tonbridge and Clare are the names of his important residences in Kent and Suffolk. For his annexations in Essex, see 90,49-78. 
For the origin and distribution of his Holding, see Mortimer, 'Honour of Clare', pp. 119-41 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab He is also called Richard of Tonbridge on some two dozen occasions in circuit 1, eighteen times in Kent (KEN 2,4;9-10;28-29, etc), five in Surrey (SUR 1,6;
13, etc), and once in Hampshire (HAM 1,8). In Suffolk he is twice named Richard of Clare (SUF 67,1. 76,7) (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 23,1\tab TOTI <OF WALLBURY>. The name Toti occurs on eight holdings, probably representing six individuals. The modest holding of Toti of Wallbury i
s unlikely to be connected with any other men named Toti, all of whose properties devolved upon other tenants-in-chief and all of whom were remote (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab MEADOW. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ap}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ra}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ti}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  is in error for }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 p}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ra}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ti}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 23,2\tab WIHTGAR. Richard's predecessor in most of his East Anglian estates, see Mortimer, 'Honour of Clare', pp. 128-29 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 16 PLOUGHS ... RESTORED. That is, the difference in number between the former 34 men's ploughs and the present 18 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab AS ... FRENCH AND ENGLISH SAY. A reference to the hundred jury. Farley }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 dic'}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  is in error for }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 dic't }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
of the manuscript and Ordnance Survey facsimile (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab EACH YEAR ... DEFICIENT. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 289 no. 1911 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab WARNER. Probably he of 90,77 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 7 \'bd ACRES ... ADDED. See 3,8 after note, and see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 289 no. 1911 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 23,3\tab WIHTGAR. See 23,2 Wihtgar note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab VITALIS ... LAYS CLAIM. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 289 no. 1912 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 23,4\tab W[ILLIAM] PECHE. See 35,6 William note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab LEODMER THE PRIEST. Head of the collegiate church at Clare, Suffolk, founded }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 c}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 . 1045 by Aelfric the father of Richard's predecessor Wihtgar; see }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 348 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 23,5\tab ELINANT. The name is Old German; see Forssner, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Continental-Germanic}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Personal Names}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , pp. 66-67 (ARR).}{
\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 23,6\tab 2 PLOUGHS ... RESTORED. That is, to the lordship (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 23,7\tab YELDHAM. For Richard's annexation at Yeldham, see 90,54 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab GOISMER. Probably he of 90,49. The name is Old German }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Gausmar}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  see Forssner, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Continental-Germanic}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Personal Names}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 127 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 23,9\tab FINCHINGFIELD. For Richard's annexation here, also held from him by Arnold, see 90,50 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 23,10\tab 'BINSLEY'. Lost, in Bulmer: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Place Names}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 of}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
, p. 418. See 35,6 'Thunderlow' note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab WIDELARD. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Wielardus}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  is a Norman French form of Old German }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Widelardus}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ; see Forssner, }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Continental-Germanic}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Personal Names}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , pp. 253-54. Probably he of 23,42 and 90,52;75 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 23,11\tab ALDERFORD. Compare Aelfric of Alderford, associated with an annexation by Richard in 90,49 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 12 [PIGS]. Little Domesday omits }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 porc}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 i}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 23,13\tab 4 SMALLHOLDERS. In the manuscript, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 iiii}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  has been altered from }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 iii}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 3 SLAVES. This is a Farley error of }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 iii}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  for the }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 iiii}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  of the manuscript (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 23,14\tab BULMER. Later the manor of Butler's Hall there; see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 479, note 1 (ARR).}{
\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab MASCEREL. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Mascerel}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  here, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Mascherell}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
] at 90,58. Apparently an Old French byname from the verb }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 mascher}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , 'to mix, chew up, grind, mash'; perhaps related to Modern English }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 mash-roll}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 mash-rule}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , 'a paddle or staff used by a brewer for stirring and mixing his mash: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Oxford English}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Dictionary}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 23,15\tab HOWE. In Finchingfield. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Weninchou}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ; so identified by }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 479 note 2 and }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , although }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 of}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 427 is less certain. For Richard's annexation here, held from him by Germund, see 90,53 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 23,16\tab BURES. An Essex hamlet of Bures St Mary (Suffolk); see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 of}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 420; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , i. pp. 408, 479 note 4. Compare 23,29 and 40,5 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 23,18\tab PEBMARSH. For Richard's annexation here, see 90,59 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 23,19\tab ALPHAMSTONE. For Richard's annexation here, see 90,60 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 5 ACRES. In the manuscript }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 xv}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  has been altered by deletion to }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 v}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ; the Ordnance Survey facsimile has }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 xv}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 23,21\tab [STEEPLE] BUMPSTEAD. See 90,61 for Richard's annexation here (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 23,23\tab COUPALS FARM. Formerly Chelveston; see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 of}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 462 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 23,24\tab TWINSTEAD. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Tumesteda}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  is in error for }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Tuinesteda}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 . Compare }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Bumesteda}
{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , 3 lines above, which may have caused the error (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 23,25\tab "CHENEBOLTUNA". Unidentified, Old English }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Cynebeald-t\'fbn}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 : 'Cynebeald's estate' (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 23,26\tab HALSTEAD. For Richard's annexation there, see 90,74 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 23,27\tab SUDBURY. In Suffolk (SUF 1,97) (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab THE WHOLE. That is, 23,16-27 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 23,28\tab COLSEGE. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Colsege}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ; possibly a corrupt form of }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Colswegen}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  deriving from Old Norse }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Kol}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 l}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 )}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 sveinn}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ; see von Feilitzen, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 218 (ARR).
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab VALUE THEN 40s. The tironian }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 nota}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  in Little Domesday after }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 T}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 un}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 c}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  is otiose (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 45 ACRES WERE ADDED. See 1,13 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See 3,8 after note, and see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 289 no. 1913 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab RICHARD ... BY EXCHANGE. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 289 no. 1913 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 23,29\tab BURES. An Essex hamlet of Bures St Mary (Suffolk); see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 480, note 4 (ARR).}{
\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 23,30\tab [HUNDRED OF ONGAR]. Little Domesday omits the hundred rubric in error (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab ['MORRELL'] RODING. A detached part of Ongar Hundred, now lost, in White Roding; see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 of}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , pp. 494-95. Identified by }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 480, note 5 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 

\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab SO FREE ... PREDECESSOR. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 289 no. 1914.}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 23,31\tab [LITTLE] BENTLEY. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Menetleam}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  is a sport form; one would have expected }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Benetleam}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ; see }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 of}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 328 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 23,32\tab [LITTLE] BROMLEY. The manor of Braham Hall there; see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 480, note 7 (ARR).}{
\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\lang2070\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2070\insrsid10554760 \tab R[OGER]. Compare 23,31 (ARR).}{\lang2070\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2070\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 23,33\tab HE ALSO HOLDS. }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Ide}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 m}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
] is taken here to refer to Algar; alternatively it could perhaps refer to R[oger] of 23,32 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab KING'S JURISDICTION ... LAWFORD. Compare 1,27 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 289 no. 1915 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 23,34\tab COLNE. According to }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
, i. p. 481, note 1, this was probably Berwick Hall in White Colne. For Richard's annexations there, see 90,68;71 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab WHO HOLD. }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 tenentes}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  at the foot of folio 40b is deleted thus in the manuscript (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 23,35\tab FORDHAM. Farley }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Sordeha}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 m}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] is in error for }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 fordeha}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 m}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] of the manuscript (ARR).
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab For Richard's annexation there, see 90,72 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 23,36\tab [WEST] BERGHOLT. For Richard's annexations there, see 90,70;73 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 23,37\tab "WITESUUORDA". Unidentified, perhaps Old English }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Wihtesweorth}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 : 'Wiht's enclosure' (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab COULD NOT. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 potat}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  is in error for }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 poterat}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 23,38\tab WALTER TIREL. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Wal'}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 t'irelde.}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 R}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
 standing for }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Walt}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 erus}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 tirel}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 de.}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 R}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 icardo}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] with an erroneous repetition of the abbreviation-mark above }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 t}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
 and a wrong word-division of }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 tirel}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  and }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 de}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 . For the byname Tirel, perhaps from Old French }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 tirer}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  'to draw', see Tengvik, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Old}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 English}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 226; Reaney, }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Dictionary}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 of}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 British}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Surnames}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
, p. 350. Walter was the son-in-law of Richard and the slayer of King William Rufus in 1100; Poole, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 From}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Book}
{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 to}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Magna}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Carta}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , pp. 113-14 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab FINN THE DANE. On him, see Mortimer, 'Honour of Clare', pp. 128-29. For his wife, see ESS 84 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 23,39\tab [MEN'S] PLOUGHS. Little Domesday omits }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 hominum}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , as in 23,41 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 23,41\tab VATTEVILLE. See 22,7 Vatteville note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab [MEN'S] PLOUGHS. Little Domesday omits }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 hominum}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , as in 23,39 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 23,42\tab BARDFIELD. Possibly Bardfield Saling; compare }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 481, note 8 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 

\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab WIDELARD. See 23,10 Widelard note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab DID NOT PAY. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 289 no. 1916 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 24\tab SWEIN OF ESSEX. Sheriff of Essex at a date between 1066 and 1086 in succession to his father Robert son of Wiuhomarch and before Ralph Baynard (ESS 33); see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , i. pp. 345-46. For Swein's newly-built castle, see 24,17. For an annexation by him, see 90,35 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 24,1\tab ROBERT [* SON OF WIUHOMARCH *]. Formerly sheriff of Essex, see ESS 24 Swein note (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Clarke, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 English Nobility}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , pp. 334-36, whose list naturally excludes holdings Robert acquired after 1066 but is also incomplete for 1066 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab KING WILLIAM GAVE IT TO ROBERT. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 289 no. 1917 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 24,1\tab WOODLAND ... HIDES. See 18,2 woodland note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 24,2\tab WOODLAND ... HIDES. See 18,2 woodland note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 24,3\tab WOODLAND ... HIDES. See 18,2 woodland note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 24,4\tab ALWYNN. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Aluuen}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ; see von Feilitzen, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
, pp. 160-61 under }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Al-wynn}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , a late Old English form of }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Aelfwynn}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  or of }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Aethelwynn}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{
\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab ROBERT SON OF WIUHOMARCH. See 24,1 Robert note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab IT IS NOT KNOWN HOW. See 1,9 hundred note, and see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 289 no. 1918.}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 1 HIDE THERE. Little Domesday has }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 i.bi}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  in error for }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ibi}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 24,5\tab HORNDON [-ON-THE-HILL]. The manor of Wythefeld there; see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 482, note 14; Wyfields, according to 
}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 of}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 157 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab SWEIN TOOK IT AWAY. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , pp. 289-90 no. 1919 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid8606750 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 24,6\tab 
THOROLD [* SON OF ODO *]. He was possibly son of Odo and brother of William son of Odo, both tenants of Swein in 1086; he also held land in Huntingdonshire from Swein (HUN 16,1); see Keats-Rohan, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday People}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 432.}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faroman\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid8606750 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 
AS A MANOR ... 15 ACRES. The order of the Latin is 'for 1 hide as a manor and 15 acres' (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 24,7\tab THOROLD [* SON OF ODO *]. See 24,6 Thorold note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab AS A MANOR ... 15 ACRES. The order of the Latin is 'for 1 hide as a manor and 15 acres' (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 24,8\tab GODITH, A FREE MAN. Here, as on other occasions, Domesday uses the term }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 liber}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 homo}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
 to describe status irrespective of gender. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 God&}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  stands for }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Godet}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  from Old English }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Godgyth}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ; see von Feilitzen, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 264 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 24,9\tab 15 ACRES WHICH SWEIN ADDED. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 290 no. 1920 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab ALSO ADDED 3 FREE MEN. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 290 no. 1920 (JP)}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 .}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 24,10\tab IN THE MANUSCRIPT on folio 43a line of writing has been erased above the present first line ('as one manor ... now 4') (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab GODWIN <OF MUNDEN>. See 25,5 Godwin note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 2 SMALLHOLDERS. Manuscript }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ii}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , so in Farley but the ink has blotted on the second minim (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 24,11\tab BEFORE 1066. Farley has }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 t}{\f1\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 '}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 .}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 r}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 .}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 E}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ., interpreting an unusually large }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 e}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  in the manuscript as a capital. Its irregularity was in fact caused by its having been altered from }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 V}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , probably the first two strokes of initial }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 W}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  of }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Will}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 elm}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ]}{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 i}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 24,13\tab NOW 1; 1. Farley has substituted the tironian }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 nota}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  for the ampersand of the manuscript (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 24,14\tab WHEATLEY. In Rayleigh, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 of}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
, p. 195. Swein gave land at Wheatley to St Paul's before his death }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 c}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 . 1087, see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Early Charters of Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 41 no. 99 (ARR).}{
\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 24,16\tab 3 COBS AND 1 COB. So in the manuscript (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 24,17\tab CASTLE. For a brief description and plan of Rayleigh Castle, see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , i. pp. 299-300 (ARR).}{
\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 24,18\tab WHO ... HAD. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 hntes}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , omitting the abbreviation-mark from }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 h}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 

\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 24,20\tab HIS FATHER. Robert son of Wiuhomarch (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See 24,1 Robert note (JP)}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 .}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab NOW 2 COBS. In the manuscript a letter (?c) has been erased before }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 runc}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ini}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 24,22\tab PRITTLEWELL. The manor of Prior's Hall there; see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 485, note 3 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 

\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab PASTURE, 12 PIGS. }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Past}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ura}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] here is an error in Little Domesday for }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Silua}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 2 MEN ADDED 30 ACRES. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 290 no. 1921 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab GRAPINEL. Apparently a byname derived from Old French }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 grapon}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , 'grapnel; grappling hook' (ARR).
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 24,23\tab SHOEBURY. Probably the manor of South Shoebury; see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 485, note 8 (ARR).}{
\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 24,24\tab THEN 3 COBS. }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 iii}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  in Farley is an error for }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 iiii}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  of the manuscript (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 24,26\tab 160 SHEEP ... 23 SHEEP. So in the manuscript (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 24,27\tab WICARD. Domesday Book }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Wiard}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] from Old German }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Wichard}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
; see Forssner, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Continental-Germanic}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Personal Names}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , pp. 252-53. Compare 24,56 Wicard note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab [GREAT] STAMBRIDGE. The manor of Barton Hall there; see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 486, note 3 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 

\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 24,28\tab SHOEBURY. Probably the manor of North Shoebury; compare }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 485, note 8 (ARR).}{
\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 24,30\tab ASCELIN. Old French }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Ascelin}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , from Old German }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Azelin}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ; see Forssner, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
Continental-Germanic}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Personal Names}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , pp. 38-39 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 50 PIGS. Farley, in error, has }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 .& .L. }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 is a Farley error for }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 .x.l.}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  of the manuscript, the number of pigs should thu
s be 40 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 24,32\tab ASCELIN. See 24,30 Ascelin note.}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 24,35\tab AELFGYTH. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Aluid}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ; probably from Old English }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Aelfgyth}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ; compare von Feilitzen, }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 174 (ARR).
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab This is the only occurrence of this form of the name in Domesday Book. Related forms}{\i\insrsid10554760  }{\insrsid10554760 include }{\i\insrsid10554760 Aelfeth}{\insrsid10554760  (BRK 1,8. 61,2. 65,17); }{\i\insrsid10554760 
Aelfeth}{\insrsid10554760 ,}{\i\insrsid10554760  }{\insrsid10554760 a girl (BKM 19,3); }{\i\insrsid10554760 Aelfgyth}{\insrsid10554760  (SUF 54,2) and a possible further form,}{\i\insrsid10554760  Alfgeat}{\insrsid10554760 ,}{\i\insrsid10554760  a woman}{
\insrsid10554760  in SOM 24,8. Aelfgyth and Alfgeat only appear as }{\i\insrsid10554760 T.R.E.}{\insrsid10554760  landholders but this entry records that Aelfgyth was holding in 1086 (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 24,36\tab ROBERT [* SON OF WIUHOMARCH *]. As 24,1 Robert note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 24,37\tab ROBERT [* SON OF WIUHOMARCH *]. As 24,1 Robert note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 24,38\tab ROBERT [* SON OF WIUHOMARCH *]. As 24,1 Robert note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 24,39\tab ROBERT [* SON OF WIUHOMARCH *]. As 24,1 Robert note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 24,41a\tab SAID HUNDRED. That of Rochford, see rubric before 24,17 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 100S FROM PLEAS. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 290 no. 1922 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 24,43\tab WARNER HOLDS. Compare 24,55, another entry concerning a holding here, with several identical statistics, suggesting the division of an earlier unit into equal parts (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab ASHELDHAM. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Hainctuna}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 m}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ]. Identified by }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , i. pp. 392-93. See also 24,55 and }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 of}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 20 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab THEN NOTHING. That is, no livestock (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab NOW 3 CATTLE. }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 iiii}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  altered by erasure to }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 iii}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  in the manuscript (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab AFTER THE ARRIVAL OF KING WILLIAM. See 1,27 king note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 24,46\tab HALLINGBURY. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Halingebiam}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , omitting the abbreviation-mark on }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 b}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 

\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 24,48\tab 7 ACRES WERE ADDED. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 290 no. 1923 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab AFTER THE ARRIVAL OF KING WILLIAM. See 1,27 king note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab NOW 5 CATTLE. The first letter of }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 anim}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 alia}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 )] has been altered (?from }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 v}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ) in the manuscript (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 24,49\tab [MEN'S] PLOUGHS. Little Domesday omits }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 hominum }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 here as elsewhere; see 23,39;41 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 24,51\tab ABBERTON. The manor of Badcocks there; see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 489, note 1 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 24,52\tab HALF-HUNDRED ... IS SWEIN'S. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 290 no. 1924 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 24,53\tab 1 PLOUGH ... RESTORED. This statement perhaps suggests that the figures for the lordship ploughs (then and later 4, now 5) have been reversed in error; or alternatively, that they have been misconstrued (ARR).}{
\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 24,54\tab ROBERT [* SON OF WIUHOMARCH *]. As 24,1 Robert note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 24,55\tab RALPH HOLDS. See 24,43 holds note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab ASHELDHAM. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Haintuna}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 m}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ]. See 24,43 Asheldham note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab AFTER THE ARRIVAL OF KING WILLIAM. See 1,27 king note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 24,56\tab WICARD. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Wicard}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ], from the same name as in 24,27; see 24,27 Wicard note (ARR).}{
\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 24,57\tab R[OBERT] [* SON OF WIUHOMARCH *]. As 24,1 Robert note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab NAYLAND. The Essex part of the estate of Nayland (Suffolk), now represented by Great and Little Horkesley; see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , i. pp. 408, 489, note 11 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 4 [PLOUGHS]. Little Domesday omits }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 caruce}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 24,59\tab OF THESE 5 HIDES. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 290 no. 1925 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 10 FREE MEN. The Ordnance Survey facsimile adds an otiose abbreviation-mark to the ascender of }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 b}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  in }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 hominib}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ].}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab AFTER THE KING ^[WILLIAM]^ CAME. See 1,27 king note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab ROBERT [* SON OF WIUHOMARCH *]. See 24,1 Robert note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab WERE NO SMALLHOLDERS. Literally, 'was no smallholder', }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 null}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 bordari}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 erat}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 24,60\tab GIFT OF KING WILLIAM. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 290 no. 1926 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab ROBERT [* SON OF WIUHOMARCH *]. See 24,1 Robert note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 24,61\tab WARLEY. The manor of Franks in Great Warley; see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 490, note 8; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
Place-Names}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 of}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 134 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 17 PIGS. Farley omits the abbreviation-mark above }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 c}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  of }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 porc}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 i}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
] (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab VALUE THEN \'a34. Farley does not show the gap in the manuscript, caused by a repair, between }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ual}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 uit}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] and }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 .iiii}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 . See also 24,66 smallholders note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 24,62\tab KENNINGTONS. In Aveley; see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 of}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
, p. 122. According to }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 490, note 10, it was later known as the manor of Bretts (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab WULFSTAN. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Vstan}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] is probably a palaeographical error for }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Vlstan}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ], due to confusion between }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 l}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  and Caroline minuscule }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 s}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{
\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 24,63\tab ROBERT [* SON OF WIUHOMARCH *]. See 24,1 Robert note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab MALDON. Probably the manor of Southouse and Sayers there; see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 491, note 1 (ARR).}{
\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab GUNNAR <OF MALDON>. The name Gunnar occurs on almost twenty holdings in Domesday Book, distributed between Cornwall and Yorkshire and acquired by or held from eleven tenants-in-chief. The two holdings Essex lay with
in five miles of each other and devolved upon the same tenant-in-chief who is unlikely to have had two predecessors with the same uncommon name. }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 See also Keats-Rohan, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday People}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 241 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab THE KING ... DUES. See 1,25 land note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab HE AIDS. That is, Gunner aids (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 
HORSE ... SHIP. This obligation is not mentioned in the other entries concerning Maldon. A ship levy was imposed in 1008 at the rate of one ship per 310 hides. For the 1008 levy and earlier references to ships owed to the king, see Harmer, }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Anglo-Saxon}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Writs}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , pp. 266-67 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 24,64\tab ROBERT. See 24,1 Robert note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab ELMSTEAD. For a house in Colchester belonging to Elmstead, see B3m (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 24,65\tab ODARD <OF FOULTON>. The Romance form of Old German }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Authart}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ; see Forssner, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Continental-Germanic}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Personal Names}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 194 (ARR).
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab The name Odard occurs as holder of one fief and eight other estates in Domesday Book, probably representing six individuals. The modest Essex holding has no tenurial or other links with other Odard holdi
ngs, either before or after the Conquest, and is some 50 miles distant from the nearest of these, in Suffolk. This was probably the sole property of Odard of Foulton (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab LESS 10 ACRES. }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 x}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  has been altered from }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 7}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  in the manuscript (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab WHEN THE KING ^[WILLIAM]^ CAME. See 1,27 king note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab WAS OUTLAWED. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 290 no. 1927 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab ROBERT [* SON OF WIUHOMARCH *]. See 24,1 Robert note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab ACQUIRED NOTHING. That is, no livestock (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 24,66\tab ROBERT [* SON OF WIUHOMARCH *]. See 24,1 Robert note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab AFTER THE KING CAME. See 1,27 king note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 4 SMALLHOLDERS THERE. Farley does not show the gap in the manuscript between }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 s}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 un}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 t}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  and }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 .iiii. }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 caused by the reverse of the repair at 24,61 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 24,67\tab GUNNAR <OF MALDON>. See 24,63 Gunnar note (JP).}{\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 25\tab EUDO THE STEWARD. The king's steward, called Eudo son of Hubert in Cambridgeshire (CAM 25) and Hertfordshire (HRT 31) (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 25,1\tab RICHARD [*OF SACKVILLE*]. Of Sackville, compare 20,8 (Rivenhall) whence the \'bd mill was acquired; }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
, i. p. 379 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 25,2\tab GODWIN <OF MUNDEN>. See 25,5 Godwin note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 75 [SHEEP]. Little Domesday omits }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 oues}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab LEOFSI. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Lefsi}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ]. }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 492, note 3, suggests that this is a bad spelling for }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Lisois}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
], that is Lisois of Moutiers, who is mentioned in 25,5 (ARR).
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab See also 25,5 Lisois note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 50 ACRES .. WERE ADDED. See 3,8 after note, and see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 290 no. 1928 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 25,3\tab FOR THIS ENTRY, see also }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Inquisitio}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Eliensis}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , (Hamilton, p. 130), }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Inquisitio}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Eliensis }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Alienations, (Hamilton, p. 187); and below 30,41 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab ['MORRELL'] RODING. Tentatively identified by }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 492, note 4. See above 23,30 Roding note (ARR).}{
\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab SAEMER. Also at 30,41 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 45 ACRES. See 28,8 acres note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab NOW \'a36. }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Inquisitio}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Eliensis}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , (Hamilton, p. 130) (?in error), has: \'a35 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab ABBOT OF ELY LAYS CLAIM. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 290 no. 1929 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 25,4\tab 1 COB ... VALUE. Little Domesday may have omitted some livestock here (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab WORTH THAT MUCH. Presumably \'a36 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 25,5\tab GODWIN <OF MUNDEN>. Godwin, a royal thane of regional standing, was the predecessor of Eudo the steward on his three most valuable manors in Essex and Suffolk, and probably also o
f Swein of Essex at Wickford (24,10), another valuable (\'a316) holding. The name Godwin is so common that he probably held other manors which cannot be identified, the most likely being Ridgewell (\'a3
18) in Essex (20,23). That Godwin is described simply as a free man, not a royal thane; but the scribe's usage was not consistent. See also Clarke, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 English Nobility}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
, p. 311, whose list does not include ESS 24,10 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab LISOIS [*OF MOUTIERS*]. Of Moutiers, probably Moutiers-Hubert (in the French d\'e9partement of Calvados: arrondissement Lisieux); see Tengvik, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Old}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 English}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 102). See also 25,2 Leofsi note (ARR).
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab The name Lisois occurs ten times in Domesday Book, in every case as that of the predecessor of Eudo the steward, so there is little doubt that all r
efer to the same individual: BDF 21,13; CAM 25,9; NFK 24,1-4;6. 66,10; and SUF 28,2. In the Cambridgeshire entry he is named 'Lisois of Moutiers', and in NFK 66,100 is stated to be the predecessor of Eudo. His ten appearances are to give title to Eudo's t
enure of those estates (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab APPROPRIATED. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , pp. 290-91 no. 1930 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab WAS OUTLAWED. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 utllagauit}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 250 [SHEEP]. Little Domesday omits }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 oues}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab "WRINGEHALA". Unidentified, perhaps Old English hypothetical}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  Wringehale}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , 'at the nook of land at the place with a bend', compare }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 English}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Place-Name}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Elements}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , ii. under }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 wreo}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
wrio}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 25,6\tab WULFRIC CAVE. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 cassa}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  is a scribal error for }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 caffa}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ; compare }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 cauu\'e2}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (30,28). The byname is from Old English }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 c\'e2f}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , 'quick, bold'; see Tengvik, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Old}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 English}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 343. Leofwin Cave occurs in Buckinghamshire (BUK 57,8) (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 25,9\tab "LANDUNA". Unidentified, Old English (hypothetical) }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 lang-d\'fbne}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  'at the long upland' (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 25,10\tab "ACLETA". Unidentified, Old English }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \'e2c-hli}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \'f0}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 e}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , 'at the oak-hillside' (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 

\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 1 \'bd [HIDES]. Little Domesday omits }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 hidis}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 25,11\tab THIS ENTRY is duplicated at 25,25 but there said to be in lordship (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab PIROT [PICOT OF CAMBRIDGE]. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Pirot}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  is almost certainly a palaeographical error for }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Picot}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
, as in Cambridgeshire (CAM 25,1-2; see CAM 25,1 Pirot note) and Bedfordshire (BDF 21,14-15. 24,18;24). Picot was sheriff of Cambridge (ARR).
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab }{\cf1\insrsid10554760 Keats-Rohan, }{\i\cf1\insrsid10554760 Domesday People}{\cf1\insrsid10554760 , pp. 324-26, however, argues that the name-forms are distinct, as are the descent of their holdings}{\insrsid10554760  (JP).}{
\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 25,12\tab RICHARD [*SON OF COUNT GILBERT*]. }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Early Charters of Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 39 no. 91 [= Bates, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , no. 121, pp. 426-27], note, identifies him as Richard son of Count Gilbert (ESS 23) (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 2 FREEMEN HELD ... ABBOT OF ELY. The interest of the Abbey of Ely before 1066 implies an unstated claim. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
, p. 291 no. 1931 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 9 ACRES. See also 10,1 and }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Inquisitio}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Eliensis}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , (Hamilton, pp. 128-29), }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Inquisitio}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Eliensis }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Alienations, (Hamilton, p. 187) (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 25,15\tab TAKELEY. The manor of Colchester Hall there; see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 494, note 3 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 

\par }{\lang1036\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp1036\insrsid10554760 25,16\tab G[EOFFREY] DE MANDEVILLE LAYS CLAIM. }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 291 no. 1932 (JP)}{
\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 .}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 25,19\tab [ABBESS] RODING. For the identification, see }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 492, note 4 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 25,20\tab CHURCH OF ELY LAYS CLAIM. See also 10,3 and }{\i\insrsid10554760 Inquisitio}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Eliensis}{\insrsid10554760 , (Hamilton, p. 126); }{\i\insrsid10554760 Inquisitio}{\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\insrsid10554760 Eliensis }{\insrsid10554760 Alienations, (Hamilton, p. 187) (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 291 no. 1933 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 25,22\tab GODWIN <OF MUNDEN>. See 25,5 Godwin note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 25,23\tab THEN [***] COBS. Little Domesday omits the numeral (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 25,24\tab AELFRIC WAND. The byname is from Old English }{\i\insrsid10554760 wand}{\insrsid10554760  ('mole'); see Tengvik, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Old}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 English}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 
Bynames}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 367 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 25,25\tab EUDO ... LORDSHIP; FOR 3 \'bd HIDES. Deleted thus in the manuscript. Farley omits a large marginal cross which occurs in the manuscript at this point and which may be a contemporary indication o
f the duplication of text with that of 25,11 above. Compare 30,50 manuscript note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 25,26\tab AELFRIC WAND. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 uuants}{\insrsid10554760  is an Anglo-Norman form of the byname discussed in 25,24 Aefric note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 26\tab ROGER OF AUBERVILLE. Possibly from Auberville-la-Renault (in the French d\'e9partement of Seine-Maritime: arrondissement Le Havre [canton, Goderville]) according to Tengvik, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Old}{\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\insrsid10554760 English}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\insrsid10554760 , pp. 104-105 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab More probably from Auberville (in the French d\'e9partement of Calvados: arrondissement Lisieux, [canton Dozul\'e9]) according to Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 People}{\insrsid10554760 
, p. 405 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 26,1\tab ONE OF THESE MANORS. }{\i\insrsid10554760 unu}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 m}{\insrsid10554760 ] }{\i\insrsid10554760 maneriu}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 m}{\insrsid10554760 ] }{\i\insrsid10554760 ex}{
\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 istis}{\insrsid10554760 ; Little Domesday treats each of the 2 freemen's property as a separate manor here, although at the beginning of the entry it refers to only one manor (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also 5,7 manors note (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 26,2\tab THEN [*** PLOUGHS]. Little Domesday omits }{\i\insrsid10554760 caruce}{\insrsid10554760  and the numeral (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab WHO HAVE 1 PLOUGH. }{\i\insrsid10554760 h}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 abe}{\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\insrsid10554760 ntes}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 i.}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 car}{
\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 ucam}{\insrsid10554760 ] is probably to be taken to refer to all the population rather than just the 3 slaves (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 26,3\tab BY HIS EXCHANGE. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 291 no. 1934 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 26,4\tab WULFA. Another Wulfa appears as a thane in SOM 19,68 with his brother, Aelfric. An alternate name form, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Ulfr}{\insrsid10554760 , is reasonably common in the L
incolnshire and Yorkshire areas, but this is the only record of the name in Little Domesday, suggesting a separate individual (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab BY EXCHANGE. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 291 no. 1935 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 26,5\tab CHISHILL. Probably the manor of 'Lisles' in Great Chishill; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 496, note 11. For Roger's annexation there, see 90,86 (ARR).}{
\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 27\tab HUGH DE MONTFORT. He came from Montfort-sur-Risle (in the French d\'e9partement of Eure: arrondissement Bernay); see Tengvik, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Old}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 English}{\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\insrsid10554760 , pp. 100-101. See 90,15-18 for his annexations (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 27,1\tab RAMSDEN. This entry is said by }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 497, note 1, to refer to Downham, adjacent to Ramsden Bellhouse and Crays (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 

\par }{\insrsid10554760 27,2\tab KELVEDON. The manor there later known as Felix Hall; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 497, note 2 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab GUTHMUND [* OF NACTON *]. See 27,14 Guthmund note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 27,3\tab HAVERING [-ATTE-BOWER]. See 1,4 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab NOW IT DOES NOT PAY. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 291 no. 1936 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 27,4\tab GUTHMUND [* OF NACTON *]. See 27,14 Guthmund note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 27,5\tab GUTHMUND [* OF NACTON *]. See 27,14 Guthmund note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 27,6\tab ACQUIRED AS 2 MANORS. See 1,9 hundred note, and see also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 291 no. 1937. See also 5,7 manors note (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 27,7\tab VALUE OF THE WHOLE OF THE ABOVE. That is, of 27,1-7 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 27,8\tab "HALESDUNA". Unidentified; from Old English }{\i\f710\insrsid10554760 Haegelesd\'fbn}{\insrsid10554760 , 'Haegel's upland'; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 of}{\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 215, under Hazeleigh (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 27,9\tab 'STUDLY'. As 1,6 'Studly' note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab WHICH ... HELD. }{\i\insrsid10554760 tenuit}{\insrsid10554760  is a Farley error for }{\i\insrsid10554760 tenent}{\insrsid10554760  of the manuscript (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab [THEN] 1 \'bd PLOUGHS. Little Domesday omits }{\i\insrsid10554760 Tunc}{\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid10554760 27,11\tab ALCHERE <OF RAYNE>. The name Alchere occurs fifteen times in Domesday Book, probably representing four individuals. The Essex holding, remote from those in
 Devon, Shropshire and the north midlands and without tenurial associations with any of them, is likely to have been the only holding of this individual (JP).}{\cf1\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 27,12\tab HUNDRED OF 'WIBRIHTESHERNE'. Farley }{\i\insrsid10554760 Witbrictesherna}{\insrsid10554760  is in error for }{\i\insrsid10554760 Wibrictesherna}{\insrsid10554760  of the manuscript (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ST PETER'S CHAPEL. This entry is said by }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 499, note 1, to refer to the manor of Battails in Bradwell-on-Sea; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 
Place-Names}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 of}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 211, under}{\i\insrsid10554760  }{\insrsid10554760 Buckles Grove (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 27,13\tab GUTHMUND [* OF NACTON *]. See 27,14 Guthmund note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 27,14\tab FOR THIS ENTRY, see also }{\i\insrsid10554760 Inquisitio}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Eliensis}{\insrsid10554760 , (Hamilton, p. 129); }{\i\insrsid10554760 Inquisitio}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 
Eliensis }{\insrsid10554760 Alienations, (Hamilton, p. 186) (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab 'BENSTED'. 'Bensted Green' (lost) in Sandon; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 of}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , pp. 266-67. Compare }{
\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. pp. 389-90 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab GUTHMUND [* OF NACTON *]. Little Domesday: }{\i\insrsid10554760 Gudmund}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 us}{\insrsid10554760 ]; }{\i\insrsid10554760 Inquisitio}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Eliensis}{
\insrsid10554760 , (Hamilton, p. 129): }{\i\insrsid10554760 Godmundus}{\insrsid10554760 . He was the brother of Abbot Wulfric of Ely, through whom, in order to make a good marriage, he obtained leases on several es
tates in East Anglia (including 'Bensted') belonging to the monks. After 1066 Hugh de Montfort took possession of Guthmund's holding, including the Ely lands, in Essex, Norfolk and Suffolk. See }{\i\insrsid10554760 Liber}{\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\insrsid10554760 Eliensis}{\insrsid10554760 , pp. 166-67, 424-25. Compare 27,2;4-5;11;13 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab 
Apart from the lands acquired by Hugh de Montfort, Guthmund is also identified as Hugh's predecessor in two other estates in Suffolk (SUF 29,1. 41,11), and he was probably the Guthmund who held the reasonably substantial manor of Tollesbury (20,62), 
circled by the other Guthmund estates in neighbouring hundreds. The only Guthmund in Essex or East Anglia who was apparently not the brother of Abbot Wulfric was the post-Conquest tenant of Braxted (28,5). See also Clarke, }{\i\insrsid10554760 
English Nobility}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 312-14, whose list does include Tollesbury but not NFK 23,16 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab MONKS OF ELY LAY CLAIM. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 291 no. 1938 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 27,15\tab QUEEN EDITH. As 20,8 Edith note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab DOES NOT KNOW HOW. See 1,9 hundred note, and see also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 291 no. 1939 (JP)}{\cf1\insrsid10554760 .}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 27,16\tab 48 GOATS. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 cap}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 re}{\insrsid10554760 ] may be in error for }{\i\insrsid10554760 oves}{\insrsid10554760 
, 'sheep' here, since the following category is also goats (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\lang1031\langfe1033\langnp1031\insrsid10554760 27,17\tab HAGER. Old German }{\i\lang1031\langfe1033\langnp1031\insrsid10554760 Hager}{\lang1031\langfe1033\langnp1031\insrsid10554760 , }{\i\lang1031\langfe1033\langnp1031\insrsid10554760 Hagero}{
\lang1031\langfe1033\langnp1031\insrsid10554760 ; see F\'f6rstemann, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Personennamen}{\lang1031\langfe1033\langnp1031\insrsid10554760 , p. 717. }{\insrsid10554760 Farley has modernised the word-division from }{\i\insrsid10554760 
posthagra}{\insrsid10554760  of the manuscript (ARR).
\par \tab \tab This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ACQUIRED 15 ACRES. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 291 no. 1940 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab DELIVERER. Someone with the authority or right to transfer possession (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 27,18\tab HUMPHREY HOLDS TOLLESHUNT. He is probably the Humphrey of 34,36 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 28\tab HAMO THE STEWARD. For his annexations, see 90,31-33 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 28,1\tab "ATELEIA". Unidentified, Old English }{\i\insrsid10554760 atan-leage}{\insrsid10554760 , 'at the clearing where oats are grown'.}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab GOTI <OF STAMBOURNE>. Probably he of 13,1, in the same hundred (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also 28,11 Goti note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab [* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 28,3\tab 30 ACRES. See 20,6 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 28,5\tab GUTHMUND <OF BRA
XTED>. Although Guthmund is a common name, all references to Guthmund in Essex and East Anglia except this one appear to refer to one individual: see 27,14 Guthmund note. He is unlikely to be the tenant at Braxted who appears to have had no other holdings
 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab [GREAT] BRAXTED. Westhall there, see }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 500, note 13; }{\i\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 of}{
\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 284, under West Hall Wood (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 28,6\tab HARLOW. }{\i\insrsid10554760 herlaua}{\insrsid10554760  altered from }{\i\insrsid10554760 herulaua}{\insrsid10554760  in the manuscript (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab RALPH [* OF MARCY *]. Of Marcy, see 1,3 Ralph note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab RYES. In Hatfield Broad Oak, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 of}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 41. See 1,3 note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab [* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab HELD WITH ... HATFIELD. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 291 no. 1941 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 28,7\tab 7 \'bd WERE ADDED. See 3,8 after note, and see also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , pp. 291-92 no. 1942 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 28,8\tab RODING. The manor of Marks Hall in Margaret Roding; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 of}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 494; }{\i\insrsid10554760 
VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 501, note 4 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab WITHI. This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book. For Withri, probably the same man, see NFK 9,87 Withri note (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab [* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab 45 ACRES. The difference between the 1 \'bd hides of before 1066 and the 1 hide and 15 acres of 1086.}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab WHICH HAIMO CLAIMS. Perhaps the same as the 45 acres mentioned in 25,3 at ['Morrell'] Roding (ARR).
\par }{\insrsid8606750 \tab \tab }{\insrsid10554760 See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 292 no. 1943 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 28,9\tab WIGBOROUGH. See 90,31 for Hamo's annexation here (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab GOTI <OF STAMBOURNE>. See 28,11 Goti note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab BERNARD ... [* RALPH *] BAYNARD'S HOLDING. This hide of woodland may be the woodland for 200 pigs recorded in 33,23 at Tolleshunt, held in 1086 by Bernard from Ralph Baynard (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 292 no. 1944.}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *] ... HOLDS. Probably the \'bd hide mentioned in 20,19 in Langenhoe (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See 20,1 Engelric note, and see also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 292 no. 1944 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 28,11\tab STAMBOURNE. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 Scanburne}{\insrsid10554760  is in error for }{\i\insrsid10554760 Stanburne}{\insrsid10554760 . See 90,33 for Hamo's annexation here (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab GOTI <OF STAMBOURNE>. Goti is named in Domesday Book as a thane or Guard of Earl Harold holding substantial properties in Essex, Hertfordshire and
 Middlesex. In Suffolk, the thane of Earl Harold who held the valuable manor of Freckenham (SUF 20,1) has been identified as the same man, though erroneously named }{\i\insrsid10554760 Orthi}{\insrsid10554760  by the scribe: Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 
Kings and Lords}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 86, note 139. Of the remaining holdings, t
he valuable manor of Hutton (13,1) lay in the same hundred as one of Gotis holdings acquired by Haimo the steward; and another valuable manor, Nettlestead (SUF 3,56), had like Freckenham passed through the hands of Earl Ralph Wader. In view of these links
 and the rarity of the name Goti, it is likely both manors had belonged to Earl Harold's thane also. The two remaining holdings held by men named Goti in East Anglia, however, were low status properties less likely to have been his. See also Clarke, }{
\i\insrsid10554760 English Nobility}{\insrsid10554760 , pp. 308-309, whose list omits Nettlestead (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab THIS LAND WAS IN 2 MANORS BEFORE 1066. See 5,7 manors note (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 28,12\tab NORTHEY ISLAND. For the identification, see }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 502, note 5. This is the traditional site of the Battle of Maldo
n in 991. See 90,32 for Hamo's annexation here (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 28,13\tab GODHILD. From Old German }{\i\insrsid10554760 Gothild}{\insrsid10554760 ; see von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid10554760 , pp. 264-65; Forssner, }{\i\insrsid10554760 
Continental-Germanic}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Personal Names}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 120. See 28,16 Godhild note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 28,14\tab NAVESTOCK. For the identification, see }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 502, note 7 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab GODHILD. See 28,13 Godhild note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 28,15\tab HAIMO STATES ... HIS HOLDING. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 292 no. 1945 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 28,16\tab GODHILD. Probably the person (called Godith in 5,6) who gave \'bd hide at Norton Mandeville to St Paul's after 1066. See also 28,13 Godhild note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 28,17\tab THORBERT. Compare ESS 70 Hagebern note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 28,18\tab THORBERT. Compare ESS 70 Hagebern note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 29\tab HENRY OF FERRERS. From Ferri\'e8res-Saint-Hilaire (in the French d\'e9partement of Eure, arrondissement Bernay) see Tengvik, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Old}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 English}{\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 88 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 29,2\tab 60 PIGS. Farley omits to show a gap in the text, caused by an erasure in the manuscript between }{\i\insrsid10554760 Lx}{\insrsid10554760  and }{\i\insrsid10554760 .porc}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 i}{
\insrsid10554760 ] (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 29,3\tab STEEPLE. For Henry's annexation there, see 90,81 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab BONDI [* THE CONSTABLE *]. Bondi is named as the constable on the fiefs of William son of Ansculf (BUK 17,9), the Count of Mortain (BUK 12,29), and Henry of Ferrers (BUK 27,1), though named Boding th
e constable in Henry's case. This was certainly Bondi, however, since Henry succeeded him in four other counties and laid claim in a fifth as Bondi's successor (GLS 31,2). Apart from other the links through the Count of Mortain and William son of Ansculf,
 it is probable that the Bondi who held manors valued at over \'a3
10 was, in most if not all cases, the constable; and his status as a lord of men identifies him at Colemore in Hampshire (HAM 57,2), and probably on the adjacent holding at Empshott (HAM 62,1). 
Finally, the Bondi who preceded Countess Judith in several of her holdings in Northamptonshire may also have been the constable. There can be little doubt that the Countess had only one predecessor named Bondi, five of his seven holdings being centred on 
Earls Barton, held with full jurisdiction, the whole complex worth \'a3
16. Its status certainly befitted someone of the constable's status, and Earls Barton was just a couple of miles from his manor at Ecton, acquired by Henry of Ferrers. Some further, if slig
ht support, for this identification is supplied by Orderic Vitalis, according to whom Earl Waltheof granted the manor of Barnack to Crowland Abbey, a gift later defeated by 'the malice of the Normans' (}{\i\insrsid10554760 Ecclesiastical History}{
\insrsid10554760 , ed. Chibnall, ii. pp 344-45). 
Barnack was held in Domesday Book by William son of Ansculf, as noted above the constable's predecessor elsewhere. He may, therefore, have stepped into Waltheof's shoes in those cases, too, Waltheof being the first to succeed to those estates of the const
able. See also Clarke, }{\i\insrsid10554760 English Nobility}{\insrsid10554760 , pp. 266-67, whose list omits ESS 29,5. HAM 57,2. 62,1. IoW9,15. NTH 36,2. 56,15-18;37-38;53 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 29,4\tab BONDI [* THE CONSTABLE *]. See 29,3 Bondi note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 29,5\tab HENRY'S STEWARD. The Henry, second Henry (BRK 21,15;17;
19), and Henry the steward (BRK 21,18) who appear as tenants on the fief of Henry of Ferrers in Berkshire, Derbyshire (DBY 6,57;94) and Essex are almost certainly the same individual; for if Ferrers and his tenant are excluded, the name Henry occurs only 
half-a-dozen times in Domesday Book. In these circumstances, the probability of Ferrers having two tenants of this name are extremely slight. He was known as Henry of Fifhyde, presumably from his Berkshire manor of Fyfield (BRK 21,15): Keats-Rohan, }{
\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday People}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 255, who suggests he may have been related to Ferrers (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab BUTTSBURY. Formerly one of the Essex names in }{\i\insrsid10554760 Ginge}{\insrsid10554760  or }{\i\insrsid10554760 Inge}{\insrsid10554760 ; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 of}{
\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , pp. 242-44 and 258-59 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab BONDI [* THE CONSTABLE *]. See 29,3 Bondi note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 30\tab GEOFFREY DE MANDEVILLE. Ancestor of the de Mandevilles, earls of Essex. The place from which he was named has not been positively identified according to Tengvik, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Old}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 
English}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 96. For Geoffrey's annexations, see 90,20-28 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab More recent authorities have identified Manneville (in the French d\'e9partement of Seine-Maritime: arrondissement Dieppe) as his place of origin; see Loyd, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Some}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Anglo-Norman}{
\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Famili}{\insrsid10554760 es, p. 57; Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 People}{\insrsid10554760 , pp. 226-27. This is presumably Manneville-\'e8s-Plaines in the co
mmune of Saint-Valery-en-Caux (JP)}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 30,1\tab [MARKS] TEY. The modern name preserves that of the family descended from Adam }{\i\insrsid10554760 de}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Merck}{\insrsid10554760 , undertenants of the de Mandeville family; see }{
\i\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 of}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 400 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab CALLS HIMSELF THE DELIVERER. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 292 no. 1946 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 30,2\tab ESGER [* THE CONSTABLE *]. The constable, Geoffrey de Mandeville's predecessor in a number of counties. On him, see Harmer, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Anglo-Saxon}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Writs}{\insrsid10554760 
, pp. 560-61 (under}{\i\insrsid10554760  }{\insrsid10554760 Esgar the staller); Ellis, }{\i\insrsid10554760 General}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 introduction}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 to}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 
Domesday}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Book}{\insrsid10554760 , ii. p. 43 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab The name Esger occurs on over 130 holdings but may represent only six individuals. Of these, by far the most important was Esger the constable, predecessor of Geoffrey de Mandeville on the bulk of his holdi
ngs. So pronounced was the descent of Esger's holdings to Geoffrey that one way the Domesday scribe had of casting doubt on the legality of Geoffrey's tenure of any property was to state 'it was not of Esger's Holding' or words to that effect, as here or 
a
t SUF 32,1 and SUR 25,1;3. Where not explicitly identified as the constable, therefore, Geoffrey's succession to the holdings of an Esger, or frequently to those of his men, plausibly identifies Esger as the constable. On two other holdings where Esger is
 
not explicitly identified as the constable, his man is identified elsewhere as a man of the constable (HRT 17,10. 33,13;18-19), or another of his men held land in the vill concerned (CAM 22,8. 32,16), making the identification more likely than not, partic
ularly as no other Esger can be identified as a lord of other men. See also Clarke, }{\i\insrsid10554760 English Nobility}{\insrsid10554760 , pp. 243-49, who omits holdings at CAM 32,11.}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab ESS 90,28. NTH 45,8 and SUF 32,4-5 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab NOT [PART] OF ESGER [* THE CONSTABLE *]'S HOLDING. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 292 no. 1947 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab HE ... MAN. Leofday had been under the jurisdiction of Esger but did not hold this land from him. Nevertheless Geoffrey de Mandeville had taken it, as Esger's successor in many other places. Compare 30,3 Barking note (ARR).}{
\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 30,3\tab GEOFFREY MARTEL. A Norman from Bacqueville-en-Caux (in the French d\'e9partement of Seine-Maritime: arrondissement Dieppe) and brother of Hugh son of Grip, the deceased sheriff of Dorset according to Keats-Rohan, }{
\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday People}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 230 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab BARKING ABBEY. Leofhild had been under Esger's jurisdiction but only held Abbess Roding as leasehold. Nevertheless, as in the case of ... (30,2), Geoffrey de Mandeville had seized it; see 30,2 man note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 

\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab COULD NOT DISPOSE OF THAT LAND. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 292 no. 1948 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 30,4\tab THOROLD. Geoffrey de Mandeville's steward; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 Early Charters of Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , pp. 39-40 no. 93 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab OCKENDON. According to }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 505, this is South Ockendon (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab BY EXCHANGE. See also 52,1 exchange note (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 292 no. 1949 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 30,5\tab ESGER [* THE CONSTABLE *]}{\caps\insrsid10554760 . }{\insrsid10554760 See 30,2 Esger note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab 20 BEEHIVES. Farley omits to show a gap in the text, caused by the erasure in the manuscript of two letters (}{\i\insrsid10554760 ac}{\insrsid10554760 ), between }{\i\insrsid10554760 xx. }{\insrsid10554760 and }{\i\insrsid10554760 
uasa}{\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab WALTER [HOLDS] 30 ACRES ... HUBERT 30 ACRES. This sentence repeats information already given above, 30 acres being equal to 1 virgate (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 30,10\tab PLOUGHS IN LORDSHIP. Farley }{\i\insrsid10554760 car}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 uce}{\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\insrsid10554760 .}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 hom}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 d}{
\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 omi}{\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\insrsid10554760 nio}{\insrsid10554760  stands for }{\i\insrsid10554760 car}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 uce}{\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\insrsid10554760 .}{\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\insrsid10554760 hoin}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 d}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 omi}{\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\insrsid10554760 nio}{\insrsid10554760 
 of the manuscript, where a correction has been made from 'men's ploughs' to 'ploughs in lordship' but incompletely since }{\i\insrsid10554760 ho}{\insrsid10554760  should have been erased (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 30,11\tab LESS 5 ACRES. Farley omits to show a gap in the text, caused by an erasure in the manuscript, before .}{\i\insrsid10554760 v}{\insrsid10554760 . (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab RICHARD GARNET. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 gernet}{\insrsid10554760 , from Old French }{\i\insrsid10554760 gernat}{\insrsid10554760 , }{\i\insrsid10554760 grenat}{\insrsid10554760  'garnet'; see Tengvik, }{
\i\insrsid10554760 Old}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 English}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 369 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 30,13\tab MASHBURY. See 90,20 for Geoffrey's annexation here (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 30,15\tab WERE FREE ... WHITHER THEY WOULD. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 292 no. 1950 (JP)}{\cf1\insrsid10554760 .}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 30,16\tab ESGER [* THE CONSTABLE *]}{\caps\insrsid10554760 . }{\insrsid10554760 See 30,2 Esger note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab [* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab GUARDS. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 huscarlo}{\insrsid10554760  (Latin dative singular). The term }{\i\insrsid10554760 huscarl}{\insrsid10554760 
 in Domesday Book probably denoted a trained soldier. In Cambridgeshire (CAM 14,64) it is however also used as a byname (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab SKALPI. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 Scalpin}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 us}{\insrsid10554760 ]; Old Norse }{\i\insrsid10554760 Sk\'e1lpi}{\insrsid10554760 , here with the Latin and Old French suffix }{
\i\insrsid10554760 -in}{\insrsid10554760 (}{\i\insrsid10554760 us}{\insrsid10554760 ); see von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid10554760 
, p. 365 and paragraph 148) but in Suffolk (SUF 16,35. 36,1-2;8;15) the same man is simply called }{\i\insrsid10554760 Scalpi}{\insrsid10554760 (}{\i\insrsid10554760 us}{\insrsid10554760 ), }{\i\insrsid10554760 Scalp}{\insrsid10554760 (}{
\i\insrsid10554760 us}{\insrsid10554760 ), }{\i\insrsid10554760 Scapi}{\insrsid10554760 (}{\i\insrsid10554760 us}{\insrsid10554760 ). The latter form also occurs at 32,40 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab THEY HEARD [THEM] ACKNOWLEDGE. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , pp. 292-93 no. 1951 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab AFTER THE KING ^[WILLIAM]^ CAME. See 1,27 king note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab YORK[SHIRE]. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 ebroica}{\insrsid10554760 . The reference is probably to the northern rebellion against King William in 1069-1070, see Williams, 'Land and Power', pp. 178-79. Round (in }{
\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 507) quoted the erroneous Ordnance Survey facsimile spelling }{\i\insrsid10554760 ehroica}{\insrsid10554760  and identified it as Evreux (in France). A
lthough Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 ebroica}{\insrsid10554760  is similar to later spellings for Evreux (}{\i\insrsid10554760 Ebricae}{\insrsid10554760  1212, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Ebroyce}{\insrsid10554760  1258) given by Tengvik, }{
\i\insrsid10554760 Old}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 English}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 87, it is less likely 
to be that place here, on historical grounds, than York[shire]. Also, the Little Domesday form is comparable to the French form }{\i\insrsid10554760 Euroic}{\insrsid10554760  for York, referred to in Wace's }{\i\insrsid10554760 Brut}{\insrsid10554760 
, see }{\i\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 of}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 the}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 East}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Riding}{\insrsid10554760 
, p. 276, note 2. Compare 6,15 (}{\i\insrsid10554760 Eurewic}{\insrsid10554760 ) (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 30,17\tab BY HIS EXCHANGE. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 293 no. 1952 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 30,18\tab MOZE. See also SUF 32,7 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab KING ^[WILLIAM]^ GAVE THIS MANOR. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 293 no. 1953 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab WHEN ... LONDON. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 q}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 ua}{\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\insrsid10554760 n}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 do}{\insrsid10554760 ] }{\i\insrsid10554760 
remansit}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Londoniae}{\insrsid10554760 . It is unclear to whom this phrase refers, to King William or to Geoffrey (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 30,19\tab RAINALM. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 Renelm}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 us}{\insrsid10554760 ] from }{\i\insrsid10554760 Rainalm}{\insrsid10554760  the Romance form of Old German }{\i\insrsid10554760 
Raginhelm}{\insrsid10554760 ; see Forssner, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Continental-Germanic}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Personal Names}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 210. Compare 30,39 Rainalm note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 30,20\tab ARDLEIGH. The manor of Martells Hall there; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 508, note 3. For 2 houses in Colchester belonging to Ardleigh, see B31 (ARR).}{
\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab AS 2 MANORS. See 5,7 manors note (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 30,21\tab WHOM GEOFFREY ANNEXED FROM KING WILLIAM. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 293 no. 1954 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab 12 HIDES. According to }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 374, these were at East Tilbury (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab RAVENGAR TOOK 12 ACRES. See 9,2 Ravengar note, and see also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 293 no. 1954 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab SWEIN ^[OF ESSEX]^ TOOK 30 ACRES. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 293 no. 1954 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab TILBURY. See 24,3 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 30,22\tab NOTLEY. Identified by }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 508 as Black Notley (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ESGER [* THE CONSTABLE *]}{\caps\insrsid10554760 . }{\insrsid10554760 See 30,2 Esger note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab CLAIMS ... THEM. That is, in relation to his ownership of them (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 293 no. 1955 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 30,23\tab ESGER [* THE CONSTABLE *]}{\caps\insrsid10554760 . }{\insrsid10554760 See 30,2 Esger note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab RICHARD ... 10 ACRES. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 293 no. 1956 (JP)}{\cf1\insrsid10554760 .}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 30,24\tab [* GEOFFREY *] MARTEL. Here (as in 30,31-32;35;43) 'Martel' may refer to Geoffrey Martel of 30,3: see 30,3 Martel note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ESGER [* THE CONSTABLE *]}{\caps\insrsid10554760 . }{\insrsid10554760 See 30,2 Esger note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab HALLINGBURY. The manor of Monkbury in Little Hallingbury; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 508, note 11; called Monksbury in }{\i\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{
\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 of}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 36 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 30,25\tab ESGER [* THE CONSTABLE *]}{\caps\insrsid10554760 . }{\insrsid10554760 See 30,2 Esger note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab MATCHING. The manor of Stock Hall there; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 509, note 2 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 30,27\tab ESGER [* THE CONSTABLE *] HELD. See 30,2 Esger note. See also }{\i\insrsid10554760 Inquisitio}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Eliensis}{\insrsid10554760 , (Hamilton, p. 127); }{\i\insrsid10554760 Inquisitio}{
\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Eliensis }{\insrsid10554760 Alienations, (Hamilton, p. 186) (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See 30,2 Esger note, and see also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 293 no. 1958 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab [HIGH] EASTER. Identified by }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 509. Pleshey Castle later stood on part of this land (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab GUTBERT. Probably Old German }{\i\insrsid10554760 Gutbert}{\insrsid10554760  (F\'f6rstemann, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Personennamen}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 661) but possibly from Old English }{\i\insrsid10554760 Cuthbeorht}{
\insrsid10554760  with Norman French }{\i\insrsid10554760 G}{\insrsid10554760  for C- (ARR).
\par \tab \tab This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ABBOT OF ELY LAYS CLAIM. See 30,27 Esger note, and see also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 293 no. 1958 (JP)}{\cf1\insrsid10554760 .}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 30,28\tab HUGH OF BERNIERES. Named from one of the places called Berni\'e8res in in the French d\'e9partement of Calvados, either Berni\'e8res-le-Patry (arrondissement Vire) or Berni\'e8res-d'Ailly or Berni\'e8
res-sur-Mer (arrondissement Caen), probably the latter: see Tengvik, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Old}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 English}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 72; Loyd, }{\i\insrsid10554760 
Some Anglo-Norman Families}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 14; Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 People}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 260. For an annexation by him, see 90,29 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 30,28\tab WULFRIC CAVE. See 25,6 Wulfric note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 30,30\tab RODING. That is, Berners Roding. The modern name preserves that of the Domesday undertenant: }{\i\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 of}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{
\insrsid10554760 , p. 492. See 30,28 Hugh note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab THESE 3 MANORS. Those in 30,28-30 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab IF GEOFFREY HIMSELF COULD PROVE. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , pp. 293 no. 1959 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 30,31\tab [* GEOFFREY *] MARTEL. See 30,3 Martel note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab BIGODS. Formerly called Alfriston; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 of}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , pp. 475-76 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ESGER [* THE CONSTABLE *]}{\caps\insrsid10554760 . }{\insrsid10554760 See 30,2 Esger note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 30,32\tab GEOFFREY [* MARTEL *]. See 30,3 Martel note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab DUNMOW. Probably the manor of South Hall there; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 510, note 7 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ESGER [* THE CONSTABLE *]}{\caps\insrsid10554760 . }{\insrsid10554760 See 30,2 Esger note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 30,33\tab E[SGER] [* THE CONSTABLE *]}{\caps\insrsid10554760 . }{\insrsid10554760 See 30,2 Esger note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab 3 CATTLE ... SHEEP. Presumably 'now', but perhaps 'then and now' (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 30,34\tab [* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 30,35\tab [* GEOFFREY *] MARTEL. See 30,3 Martel note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab RODING. The manor of Maskelsbury there in White Roding; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 511, note 1; }{\i\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\insrsid10554760 of}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 495, under Mascallsbury (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ESGER [* THE CONSTABLE *]}{\caps\insrsid10554760 . }{\insrsid10554760 See 30,2 Esger note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 30,36\tab DUNMOW. Possibly Shingle Hall in Great Dunmow; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 511, note 2 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ESGER [* THE CONSTABLE *]}{\caps\insrsid10554760 . }{\insrsid10554760 See 30,2 Esger note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 30,38\tab [LITTLE] CANFIELD. The manor of Langthorns there; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 
, i. p. 511, note 6. See 90,21 for Geoffrey's annexation of 8 acres at Canfield, also held of him by Richard (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab E[SGER] [* THE CONSTABLE *]}{\caps\insrsid10554760 . }{\insrsid10554760 See 30,2 Esger note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 30,39\tab RAINALM. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 Rainalm}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 us}{\insrsid10554760 ]; as 30,19 Rainalm note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab E[SGER] [* THE CONSTABLE *]}{\caps\insrsid10554760 . }{\insrsid10554760 See 30,2 Esger note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab PART OF KING WILLIAM'S LORDSHIP. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 294 no. 1960 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 30,40\tab ESGER [* THE CONSTABLE *]}{\caps\insrsid10554760 . }{\insrsid10554760 See 30,2 Esger note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab KING GAVE IT TO GEOFFREY. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 294 no. 1961 (JP)}{\cf1\insrsid10554760 .}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 30,41\tab WILLIAM HOLDS. See also }{\i\insrsid10554760 Inquisitio}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Eliensis}{\insrsid10554760 , (Hamilton, p. 129); }{\i\insrsid10554760 Inquisitio}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Eliensis 
}{\insrsid10554760 Alienations, (Hamilton, p. 186) (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab 1 FREE MAN. Named by }{\i\insrsid10554760 Inquisitio}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Eliensis}{\insrsid10554760 , (Hamilton, p. 129) as Saemer (}{\i\insrsid10554760 Samarus}{\insrsid10554760 ). See also 25,3 (ARR).}{
\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab 35 ACRES. }{\i\insrsid10554760 Inquisitio}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Eliensis}{\insrsid10554760 , (Hamilton, p. 30); }{\i\insrsid10554760 Inquisitio}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Eliensis }{\insrsid10554760 
Alienations, (Hamilton, p. 34) (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ['MORRELL'] RODING. See 25,3 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ABBOT OF ELY LAYS CLAIM. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 294 no. 1962 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 30,42\tab ESGER [* THE CONSTABLE *]}{\caps\insrsid10554760 . }{\insrsid10554760 Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 angari}{\insrsid10554760  is in error for }{\i\insrsid10554760 ansgari}{\insrsid10554760  (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also 30,2 Esger note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 30,43\tab [* GEOFFREY *] MARTEL. See 30,3 Martel note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab RODING. Identified by }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 512 as White Roding (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ESGER [* THE CONSTABLE *]}{\caps\insrsid10554760 . }{\insrsid10554760 See 30,2 Esger note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab LEOFGYTH. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 Leuid}{\insrsid10554760 ; from Old English }{\i\insrsid10554760 Leofgyth}{\insrsid10554760 ; see von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{
\insrsid10554760 , p. 312 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 30,44\tab FOR THIS ENTRY, compare 30,50 which repeats much of this information, with minor differences (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab STOW MARIES. The second element of the modern name is from the medieval family name }{\i\insrsid10554760 de}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Marisco}{\insrsid10554760 
, 'of the marsh', possibly referring to the same feature as the }{\up6\insrsid10554760 '}{\insrsid10554760 fen' in the name of the place in Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 Fenne}{\insrsid10554760 . See }{\i\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{
\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 of}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , pp. 228-29 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab FRIDEBERN. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 Frieb}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 er}{\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\insrsid10554760 n}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 us}{\insrsid10554760 ]; Old German }{
\i\insrsid10554760 Fridebern}{\insrsid10554760 , }{\i\insrsid10554760 Frithubern}{\insrsid10554760 . }{\i\insrsid10554760 Frethubern}{\insrsid10554760 ; see von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{
\insrsid10554760 , pp. 253-54. Compare ESS 70 Hagebern note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 30,45\tab ESGER [* THE CONSTABLE *]}{\caps\insrsid10554760 . }{\insrsid10554760 See 30,2 Esger note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab 6 \'bd HIDES. Little Domesday repeats 'hides', adding it above }{\i\insrsid10554760 .vi.}{\insrsid10554760  in order to avoid confusion with the preceding numerals describing Freemen (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab 11 CATTLE. The number of cattle may in fact be 12, but the manuscript has been erased and blotted here (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 30,46\tab WILLIAM CARDON. See 10,5 William note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab CHISHILL. The manor of Cardons in Great Chishill; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 512, note 5. See also 90,34 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab GEOFFREY CLAIMS ... BY EXCHANGE. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 294 no. 1963 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 30,47\tab KING GRANTED ... BY EXCHANGE. See 3,8 after note, and see also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 294 no. 1964 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 30,48\tab ESGER [* THE CONSTABLE *]}{\caps\insrsid10554760 . }{\insrsid10554760 See 30,2 Esger note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 30,49\tab ESGER [* THE CONSTABLE *]}{\caps\insrsid10554760  [***]. }{\insrsid10554760 Little Domesday has probably omitted }{\i\insrsid10554760 tenuit}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 pro}{\insrsid10554760  after }{
\i\insrsid10554760 Angari}{\insrsid10554760  (ARR).
\par }{\caps\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab }{\insrsid10554760 See 30,2 Esger note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 30,50\tab IN THE MANUSCRIPT there is a marginal cross, which Farley omits to show, probably indicating the partial duplication of text between this entry and 30,44. Compare 25,25 Eudo note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 30,51\tab ESGER [* THE CONSTABLE *]}{\caps\insrsid10554760 . }{\insrsid10554760 See 30,2 Esger note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab "WENESUUIC". Unidentified; the second element is Old English }{\i\insrsid10554760 wic}{\insrsid10554760 , 'an industrial or trading settlement' with the genitive singular of either the Old English personal name }{
\i\insrsid10554760 Wine}{\insrsid10554760  or of }{\i\insrsid10554760 wenn}{\insrsid10554760  'a wen, blister; tumulus, hill'. Compare 90,27 (}{\i\insrsid10554760 Wesuunic}{\insrsid10554760 ), which may be a corrupt form of the same name (ARR).}{
\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab THEY ALSO HOLD. That is, Godfrey and Everard (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 31\tab THE COUNT OF EU. From Eu (in the French d\'e9partement of Seine-Maritime: arrondissement Dieppe); see Tengvik, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Old}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 English}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 
Bynames}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 105 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 31,1\tab THURROCK. Identified by }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 388 as West Thurrock (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab [* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 32\tab ROBERT GERNON. The byname is from Old French }{\i\insrsid10554760 grenon}{\insrsid10554760  'moustache'; see Tengvik, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Old}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 English}{\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\insrsid10554760 , pp. 314-15 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 32,3\tab WITHAM. Identified as Powers Hall therein; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 514, note 2 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 32,5\tab RIVENHALL. Identified as the manor of Archers there; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 514, note 5 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab WOODLAND. See 3,10 virgate note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 32,7\tab CHINGFORD. Identified as the manor of Earl's Chingford; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 514, note 6 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 32,8\tab [WEST] HAM. Identified by }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 515, note 2. Compare 34,8 which duplicates parts of this entry (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab KING WILLIAM [GAVE]. Little Domesday omits }{\i\insrsid10554760 dedit}{\insrsid10554760  but compare 34,8 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab MEADOW, 60 ACRES. In the manuscript }{\i\insrsid10554760 lx.}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 ac}{\insrsid10554760 (}{\i\insrsid10554760 re}{\insrsid10554760 ) has been altered, perhaps from }{\i\insrsid10554760 lx.v}{
\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab RANULF PEVEREL ... MANOR. See 34,8 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 294 no. 1965 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 32,9\tab [EAST] HAM. Identified by }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 515 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab 3 VIRGATES WERE ADDED. See 3,8 after note, and see also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 294 no. 1966 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 32,11\tab W. CORBUN. Perhaps from Corbon (in the French d\'e9partement of Calvados: arrondissement Lisieux), Tengvik, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Old}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 English}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 
Bynames}{\insrsid10554760 , pp. 83-84, 127 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 32,14\tab "LEGA". Unidentified, Old English }{\i\insrsid10554760 lege}{\insrsid10554760 , '(place at) the woodland clearing' (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab GOTAR. From Old Norse }{\i\insrsid10554760 Gautarr}{\insrsid10554760 , Old Danish, Old Swedish }{\i\insrsid10554760 G\'f8tar}{\insrsid10554760 , see von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{
\insrsid10554760 , p. 258. Compare 32,45 Gotar note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 32,15\tab VIRLEY. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 Salcota}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 m}{\insrsid10554760 ]; by 1291 the surname of the 1086 tenant Robert of Verly had been added to make }{\i\insrsid10554760 Salcote}{
\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Verly}{\insrsid10554760 , but the modern form consists only of the affix. See }{\i\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 of}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{
\insrsid10554760 , p. 323 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 32,17\tab TAKELEY. The manor of Bassingborns there; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 516, note 4 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab CATTLE, NOW 3. In the manuscript }{\i\insrsid10554760 iii}{\insrsid10554760  has been altered from }{\i\insrsid10554760 ii}{\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab 1 SMALLHOLDER. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 i.b.}{\insrsid10554760  for }{\i\insrsid10554760 .i. bordarius}{\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 32,18\tab WENDENS. Identified by }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 516 as Great Wendon in Wendens Ambo (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 32,21\tab FARNHAM. The manor of Hertisho-bury there; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 517, note 2; }{\i\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\insrsid10554760 of}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 550, under Hassobury (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 32,23\tab [GREAT] MAPLESTEAD. Thus Identified by }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 517 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 32,24\tab RAYMOND GERALD ... ROGER OF POITOU. See 1,19 Roger note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab COULD NOT MOVE AWAY. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , pp. 294-95 no. 1967 (JP)}{\cf1\insrsid10554760 .}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab RAYMOND ... TOOK AWAY 1 VILLAGER. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , pp. 294-95 no. 1967 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 32,25\tab AELFRIC [* KEMP *]. Predecessor of Eudo the steward and Robert Gernon in several counties: see Clarke, }{\i\insrsid10554760 English Nobility}{\insrsid10554760 
, pp. 267-68. Of the holdings listed there, Tendring should be Oakley (32,28) and Southill (BDF 21,8) i
s doubtful. It is a tiny property, apart from any others, and held by an Alric before 1066. Although Aelfric and Alric were sometimes confused by the Domesday scribe, there is no strong reason to posit an error here (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab WHICH THE HUNDRED-REEVE HAS. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 q}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 ua}{\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\insrsid10554760 s}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 h}{\insrsid10554760 [}{
\i\insrsid10554760 abe}{\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\insrsid10554760 t}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 custos}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 hundret}{\insrsid10554760 . At 89,1 the same man is described as }{\i\insrsid10554760 prepositus}{
\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 hundredi}{\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab BY THE KING'S GIFT. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 295 no. 1968 (JP)}{\cf1\insrsid10554760 .}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 32,26\tab ROBERT [*OF VERLY *]. Of Verly; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 389 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab [LITTLE] BIRCH. Identified by }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 389 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 32,27\tab STAPLEFORD [ABBOTTS]. The manor of Batayles there; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 518, note 5; }{\i\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\insrsid10554760 of}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 79, under Battles Hall (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab AMONG THEM. It is unclear whether }{\i\insrsid10554760 int}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 er}{\insrsid10554760 ] }{\i\insrsid10554760 eos}{\insrsid10554760  refers to the 5 free men or to the smallholders (ARR).}{
\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 32,28\tab RAINHAM. Possibly the manor of Berwick there; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 518, note 6 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ROBERT ^[THE LASCIVIOUS]^. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 Lasciuus}{\insrsid10554760 ; see Tengvik, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Old}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 English}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{
\insrsid10554760 , p. 348. The same as Robert the Perverted, see 6,12 Robert note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ANNEXED IT. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 295 no. 1969 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 32,29\tab [SOUTH] WEALD. The manor of Caldecots there; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 518, note 8; }{\i\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\insrsid10554760 of}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 138, under Calcott Hall. Compare 8,9 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab BY EXCHANGE. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 295 no. 1970 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab HUBERT OF PORT. Although his main holding was at Mapledurwell (HAM 24,1), he appears to have had jurisdiction over a group of men in
 Essex (compare 83,2 below) and Suffolk (SUF 16,34). He took his name from Port-en-Bessin (in the French d\'e9partement of Calvados: arrondissement Bayeux); see Tengvik, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Old}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 English}{
\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 108 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab NEVER PAID TAX ... LAST ONE. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 295 no. 1970 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 32,31\tab IN EXCHANGE. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 295 no. 1971 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 32,32\tab CHIGNALL. The manor of Chignall Zoyn in Chignall St James; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 519, note 2 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 32,33\tab CORP. Farley }{\i\f710\insrsid10554760 C\'f4}{\i\insrsid10554760 rp}{\insrsid10554760 , manuscript }{\i\insrsid10554760 C\'f3rp}{\insrsid10554760 . Redin, }{\i\cf1\insrsid10554760 Uncompounded Personal Names in Old English}{
\insrsid10554760 , p. 28, left it unexplained. The significance of the mark above }{\i\insrsid10554760 o}{\insrsid10554760  is not apparent and the form appears to be scribally corrupt; it might possibly be for }{\i\f710\insrsid10554760 C\'f4sp}{
\insrsid10554760 , an abbreviated form for Old German }{\i\insrsid10554760 Gosbert}{\insrsid10554760  (Forssner, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Continental-Germanic}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Personal Names}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 124, F\'f6rstemann, }{
\i\insrsid10554760 Personennamen}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 615), or, in insular minuscule, might be from }{\i\insrsid10554760 Cofsi}{\insrsid10554760  (deriving from Old Norse }{\i\insrsid10554760 Kofsi}{\insrsid10554760 : von Feilitzen, }{
\i\insrsid10554760 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 306) (ARR).
\par \tab \tab This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 32,34\tab SELVA. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 Selua}{\insrsid10554760 ; probably from Old Danish }{\i\insrsid10554760 Sylvi}{\insrsid10554760 ; see von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book
}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 382 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab IN EXCHANGE. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 295 no. 1972 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab THEN 10 CATTLE. In the manuscript, }{\i\insrsid10554760 x}{\insrsid10554760  has been altered from }{\i\insrsid10554760 v}{\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab BRORDA. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 borda}{\insrsid10554760 , from Old English }{\i\insrsid10554760 Brorda}{\insrsid10554760 ; see von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{
\insrsid10554760 , p. 208. The Little Domesday spelling was not given a capital initial and was perhaps confused with }{\i\insrsid10554760 bord}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 arius}{\insrsid10554760 ] 'smallholder' (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 32,35\tab IN EXCHANGE. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 295 no. 1973 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab BRORDA. See 32,34 Brorda note.}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 32,36\tab AZO. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 Asso}{\insrsid10554760 . Compare von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid10554760 , pp. 170-71 under }{\i\insrsid10554760 Azur}{
\insrsid10554760 , and below, 44,3 Azorin note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab CULVERT'S FARM. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 Richeham}{\insrsid10554760 . Identified by }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 519, note 8. See }{\i\insrsid10554760 
Place-Names}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 of}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , pp. 238-39 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 32,37\tab TOLLESHUNT. Identified as Tolleshunt D'Arcy in }{\i\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 of}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 307. See also 32,45 (ARR).}{
\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 32,38\tab AELFRIC KEMP. The byname is either Old English }{\i\insrsid10554760 cempa}{\insrsid10554760  'warrior' or a derivative of Old West Scandinavian }{\i\insrsid10554760 kampr}{\insrsid10554760 
 'moustache'. He also occurs in Cambridgeshire (CAM 21,2-3. 25,1-3) (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 32,38a\tab TENDRING. The manor of Gernons there; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 520, note 3; }{\i\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 
of}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 352, under Grove Farm (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab IN EXCHANGE. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 295 no. 1974 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 32,40\tab WILLIAM [* DE "ALNO" *]. Called William }{\i\insrsid10554760 de Alno}{\insrsid10554760  in Suffolk (SUF 36,1;15). It is uncertain to which place his byname refers; see Tengvik, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Old}{\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\insrsid10554760 English}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\insrsid10554760 , pp. 67-68 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab Keats-Rohan suggests Aunay-sur-Odon (in the French d\'e9partement of Calvados: arrondissement Vire (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cf1\insrsid10554760 \tab MANOR IN SUFFOLK. Probably either Churchford (36,1) or Stutton (36,2). Both were held in succession by Skalpi and William }{\i\cf1\insrsid10554760 de Alno}{\cf1\insrsid10554760 , the latter from Robert Gernon (ARR).}{
\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 32,41\tab IN EXCHANGE. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 295 no. 1975 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 32,42\tab IN EXCHANGE. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 295 no. 1976 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 32,43\tab ARKESDEN. The manor of Mynchens there; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 521, note 2 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab BY EXCHANGE. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 295 no. 1977 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 32,44\tab IN EXCHANGE. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 295 no. 1978 (JP)}{\cf1\insrsid10554760 .}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 32,45\tab TOLLESHUNT. The manors of Gernons and Verli in Tolleshunt D'Arcy; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 521, note 5. See also 32,37 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab GOTAR. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 Gotra}{\insrsid10554760 . The same name as is discussed 32,14 Gotar note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab IN EXCHANGE. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , pp. 295-96 no. 1979 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 33\tab RALPH BAYNARD. He had been sheriff of Essex between Swein (ESS 24) and Peter of Valognes (ESS 36) at a date between 1066 and 1086. For his annexations, see 90,39-40. Castle Baynard in London was named after him (ARR).
\par \tab \tab According to Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday People}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 327, he was a Norman from Saint-Leger-de-R\'f4tes (in the French d\'e9partement of Eure: arrondissement Bernay) (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 33,1\tab 5 ACRES ... WERE ADDED. See 3,8 after note, and see also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 296 no. 1980 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab PART OF THE CUSTOMARY DUE. Translating }{\i\insrsid10554760 s}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 un}{\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\insrsid10554760 t}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 de}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 
sua}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 consuetudine}{\insrsid10554760 , where }{\i\insrsid10554760 sua}{\insrsid10554760  refers to King William, who however is not mentioned in the present translation's rendering of }{\i\insrsid10554760 t}{
\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 empore}{\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\insrsid10554760 .}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 r}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 egis}{\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\insrsid10554760 .}{\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\insrsid10554760 Will}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 elm}{\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\insrsid10554760 i.}{\insrsid10554760  as 'after 1066' (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab [BEE]HIVES. Little Domesday omits }{\i\insrsid10554760 apium}{\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 33,2\tab CUSTOMARY DUE BEFORE 1066. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 296 no. 1981 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab 3 ACRES. Probably of meadow, although Little Domesday omits }{\i\insrsid10554760 prati}{\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 33,3\tab HANDED OVER BY EXCHANGE. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 296 no. 1982 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ALSO HAS AS A MANOR. See 5,7 manors note (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 33,4\tab ^[THEODRIC]^ POINTEL. Probably to be identified as Theodric Pointel (ESS 71) (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab WOODHAM [WALTER]. Identified by }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 522 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 33,5\tab CURLING TYE [GREEN]. Identified by }{\i\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 of}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 232. Compare }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{
\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 522, note 5 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab BY EXCHANGE. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 296 no. 1983 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 33,6\tab DUNMOW. Identified by }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 522 as Little Dunmow (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab AELGYTH [* WIDOW OF THORSTEN *]. Also Ralph's predecessor at 33,7;19-20. She was the widow of Thorsten son of Wine, whose will had included bequests of several of the estates later held in Domesday Book by Ralph Baynard; see }{
\i\insrsid10554760 Early Charters of Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 29 no. 59 (= Sawyer, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Anglo-Saxon}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Charters}{\insrsid10554760 , no. 1531) (ARR)}{\cf1\insrsid10554760 .}{\insrsid10554760 
\par \tab \tab 
Aelgyth is an uncommon name, confined to Essex and East Anglia (NFK 21,3 and NFK 21,3 woman note. 31,20-25;34-35;37. 42,1. SUF 33,1;13). Only two significant estates devolved upon tenants-in-chief other than Ralph Baynard, at Chipping Ongar (20,46), where
 
Baynard had an interest in part of the pre-Conquest manor, and at Crimplesham (NFK 21,3), just a few miles from several of Baynard's holdings. It seems probable that all references to an Aelgyth in Domesday Book are to this individual, with the possible e
xception of NFK 21,20. See also Clarke, }{\i\insrsid10554760 English Nobility}{\insrsid10554760 , pp. 234-35 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab 1 HIDE WAS ADDED. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 296 no. 1984 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \'bd HIDE IS ATTACHED. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 296 no. 1984 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 33,7\tab AELGYTH [* WIDOW OF THORSTEN *]. See 33,6 Aelgyth note.}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 33,8\tab AELFRIC [* KEMP *]. See 32,25 Aelfric note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 33,11\tab A FREE WOMAN. Perhaps Aelgyth (see 33,6 Aelgyth note), to whom Pentlow was bequeathed by her husband Thorsten (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab MEN'S PLOUGHS. Little Domesday repeats }{\i\insrsid10554760 car}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 uce}{\insrsid10554760 ] in error, where the text starts a new page (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 33,12\tab CLAIMS BACK ... BY EXCHANGE. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 296 no. 1985 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 33,13\tab [LITTLE] BADDOW. Identified by }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 524 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 33,14\tab HANNINGFIELD. The manor of Claydons in East Hanningfield; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 524, note 3 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab VALUE [***]s. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 .xlx.}{\insrsid10554760 , altered from }{\i\insrsid10554760 .xl.}{\insrsid10554760 , perhaps in error for }{\i\insrsid10554760 lxx}{\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 

\par }{\insrsid10554760 33,15\tab [LITTLE] OAKLEY. Identified by }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 524. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 Adem}{\insrsid10554760  is in error for }{
\i\insrsid10554760 Aclem}{\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab 13 CATTLE. }{\i\insrsid10554760 xiii}{\insrsid10554760  has been altered in the manuscript from }{\i\insrsid10554760 viii}{\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 33,16\tab THEN 1 COB ... BEEHIVES. The livestock has been placed, unusually, after the value (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 33,17\tab IN EXCHANGE ... LAWFORD. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 296 no. 1986 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab WHO HOLD ... 35 ACRES. That is, the 2 Freemen (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab WHICH BERNARD. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 Tqd'}{\insrsid10554760 , where the scribe has anticipated the }{\i\insrsid10554760 t}{\insrsid10554760  of }{\i\insrsid10554760 t}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 un}{
\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\insrsid10554760 c}{\insrsid10554760  six words later, and has not erased it (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab "WITELEBROC". Unidentified; Old English }{\i\insrsid10554760 hwitlea-broc}{\insrsid10554760 , 'brook at the place called the white wood or clearing' (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab AELFRIC [* KEMP *]. See 32,25 Aelfric note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab IN THE OTHER LANDS. }{\i\insrsid10554760 Witelebroc}{\insrsid10554760  had been held as a separate manor before 1066 but appears to have been counted as part of Michaelstow in 1086 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 296 no. 1986 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab THESE THREE MANORS \'a320. Presumably Ramsey (\'a315), Michaelstow (\'a34 + 10s) and }{\i\insrsid10554760 Witelebroc}{\insrsid10554760  (10s) (ARR).
\par }{\insrsid8606750 \tab \tab }{\insrsid10554760 See 5,7 manors note (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 33,18\tab WENDON. Identified by }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 525, note 3 as Wendon Lofts (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ALWIN STILL. The byname is Old English }{\i\insrsid10554760 stille}{\insrsid10554760  ('still, quiet'); see Tengvik, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Old}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 English}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 
Bynames}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 355 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab IN EXCHANGE. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 296 no. 1987 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 33,19\tab HENHAM. For Ralph's annexation here, see 90,39. Henham was later in Uttlesford Hundred (}{\i\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 of}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{
\insrsid10554760 , p. 528). The hundred rubric in Little Domesday immediately b
efore Henham may have been inserted one entry too soon (since Ashdon was later in 'Freshwell' Hundred); however, both Henham and Ashwell were held by Ralph in lordship in 1086 and had been held by Aelgyth n 1066 and thus there may have been a tenurial rea
son for regarding Henham as in 'Freshwell' Hundred, where it has been left in the present translation (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab AELGYTH [* WIDOW OF THORSTEN *]. See 33,6 Aelgyth note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 33,20\tab AELGYTH [* WIDOW OF THORSTEN *]. See 33,6 Aelgyth note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab 1 ACRE OF VINES. The usual Domesday measure for vineyards is }{\i\insrsid10554760 arpent}{\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ACQUIRED THEM IN EXCHANGE. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 296 no. 1988 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 33,21\tab [ACRES]. Little Domesday omits }{\i\insrsid10554760 acras}{\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab CLAIMS THIS BACK BY EXCHANGE. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 296 no. 1989 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 33,22\tab AETHELMER [* AELMER MILK *]. See 33,23 Aelmer note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \'bd HIDE ... ST PAUL'S. See 5,10 hide note (ARR), and see also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , pp. 296-97 no. 1990 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 33,23\tab TOLLESHUNT. This manor adjoined Tolleshunt D'Arcy; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 532, note 6. Compare 34,36 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab AELMER ^[MILK]^. Called Aelmer Milk in B3r, which mentions a house in Colchester belonging to Tolleshunt (ARR).
\par \tab \tab It is revealed here as having been acquired by excha
nge (as perhaps also this other Aelmer holding at 33,22), almost certainly from the Ranulf Peverel named in an adjacent Colchester entry (B3q) who had acquired 5 houses in the borough from an Aelmer. These houses were attached to Terling (34,6) where Aelm
e
r is described as a royal thane. Ranulf inherited two other properties from Aelmer, as did William Peverel, almost certainly a relative though the nature of their relationship has not been established. The holdings which devolved upon William were substan
t
ial manors of the kind befitting a royal thane (48,1-2). A royal thane, Aelmer, had also held the manor of High Easter (12,1) which Count Eustace of Boulogne had granted to St Martin's, London. Count Eustace had also acquired a second Aelmer holding in To
l
leshunt, and granted a third to the church of St Martin-le-Grand (20,59-60). These links make it likely that the Aelmer from whom Engelric the priest, founder of St Martin's-le-Grand, stole the major manor of Elmdon (20,74) was also Aelmer Milk. There are
 problems with the name-forms of some of these Aelmer's. In 20,59 and 20,74 the form is }{\i\insrsid10554760 Almar}{\insrsid10554760 
 (Almer), but the links between Tolleshunt and St Martin's make it probable that these are scribal errors. Though less certain, Aethelmer of 33,22 is another possib
le scribal error given the links between Baynard and Peverel, the fairly substantial nature of the holding, and its proximity to Tolleshunt. See also Clarke, }{\i\insrsid10554760 English Nobility}{\insrsid10554760 , pp. 236-37.}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab WOODLAND. See 28,9 holding note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab BY EXCHANGE. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 297 no. 1991 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 34\tab RANULF PEVEREL. His lands later became part of the Honour of Peverel of London, having a distinct history from the Peverel lands in ESS 48, see }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{
\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 346. For Ranulf's annexations, see 90,10-14 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 34,1\tab VALUE THEN. The Ordnance Survey facsimile omits the abbreviation-mark from }{\i\insrsid10554760 T}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 un}{\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\insrsid10554760 c}{\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 

\par }{\insrsid10554760 34,2\tab HE TOOK POSSESSION. Referring to Ranulf (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 297 no. 1992 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab IT. Referring to the free man's land (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab WITH THE OTHER. Little Domesday repeats }{\i\insrsid10554760 cum}{\insrsid10554760  where the text begins a new page (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 34,3\tab INGRAVE. Identified by }{\i\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 of}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 161 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 34,4\tab AELMER [* MILK *]. See 33,23 Aelmer note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ARNULF <OF
 HATFIELD>. If the holdings of Arnulf of Hesdin, Arnulf of Ardres, and Arnulf the priest are excluded, Arnulf is an uncommon name, occurring a dozen times and probably representing six individuals. The modest holding at Hatfield has no apparent links with
 any of the other holdings, all of them distant (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 34,6\tab TERLING. See also 90,10 for Ranulf's annexations there (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab AELMER [* MILK *]. See 33,23 Aelmer note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab 2 HOUSES IN COLCHESTER. 5 are recorded in B3q (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab NOW PAYS RANULF THE SAME. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 297 no. 1993 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 34,7\tab 15 ACRES ... SASWALO [* OF BOUVILLE *] ... HOLDING. The personal name is Romance }{\i\insrsid10554760 Saxwalo}{\insrsid10554760 ; see Forssner, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Continental-Germanic}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 
Personal Names}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 223. He was an undertenant of Geoffrey de Mandeville in Berkshire (BRK 38,1-2) and Oxfordshire (OXF 39,1-2) but neither he nor the 15 acres are mentioned in ESS 30 describing Geoffrey's Essex lands (ARR).
\par \tab \tab The name is sufficiently rare for there to be little doubt that the tenurial link provides a secure identification: Geoffrey cannot have had two tenants with this name. See Keats Rohan, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday People}{\insrsid10554760 
, p. 417. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 297 no. 1994 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 34,8\tab [WEST] HAM. See 32,8 Ham note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab WHEN ACQUIRED. }{\i\insrsid10554760 q}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 ua}{\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\insrsid10554760 n}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 do}{\insrsid10554760 ] }{\i\insrsid10554760 recep}{\insrsid10554760 
[}{\i\insrsid10554760 er}{\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\insrsid10554760 unt}{\insrsid10554760 , 'when they (that is, Ranulf Peverel and Robert Gernon) acquired it' (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ROBERT GERNON ... MANOR. See 32,8 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 297 no. 1995 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 34,9\tab WARIN. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 Garin}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 us}{\insrsid10554760 ]; an Old French form of Old German }{\i\insrsid10554760 Warin}{\insrsid10554760 ; see Forssner, }{
\i\insrsid10554760 Continental-Germanic}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Personal Names}{\insrsid10554760 , pp. 246-47 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab SIWARD [* OF MALDON *]. Probably he who was Ranulf Peverel's predecessor in other places in this chapter and also in Suffolk where (SUF 34,1-2) he was called Siward of Maldon from his tenure of Maldon (SUF 34,12) (ARR).
\par \tab \tab He was Ranulf Peverel's main predecessor in both Essex and Suffolk and was several times designated as Ranulf's predecessor by the scribe in both counties (9,14. 34,10. SUF 34,2-3). See also Clarke, }{\i\insrsid10554760 English Nobility}{
\insrsid10554760 , pp. 341-42, to whose list should be added 34,30-31 and those holdings where an unnamed predecessor of Ranulf had an interest (20,26. 34,2;6;27-28) (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab [WITH] CALVES. Little Domesday omits }{\i\insrsid10554760 c}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 um}{\insrsid10554760 ] before }{\i\insrsid10554760 vitul}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 is}{\insrsid10554760 
], perhaps indicating misassociation with }{\i\insrsid10554760 c}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 entum}{\insrsid10554760 ] following (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 34,10\tab RAVENOT. An Anglo-French or Norman French diminutive from Old Norse }{\i\insrsid10554760 Hrafn}{\insrsid10554760  and the Old French suffix }{\i\insrsid10554760 -ot}{\insrsid10554760 . Also at 34,28 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 

\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab SIWARD [* OF MALDON *]. See 34,9 Siward note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab WILLINGALE. Identified by }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 528, note 1 as Willingale Doe (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ADDED 1 FREEMAN. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 297 no. 1996 (JP)}{\cf1\insrsid10554760 .}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ALSO ADDED ... 30 ACRES. See 3,8 after note, and see also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 297 no. 1996 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 34,11\tab WOODHAM [MORTIMER]. Identified by }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 528 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab SIWARD [* OF MALDON *]. See 34,9 Siward note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab 100 GOATS. This is a Farley error for '5 goats'; manuscript }{\i\insrsid10554760 .v.}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 cap}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 re}{\insrsid10554760 ] (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 34,12\tab MALDON. Called Little Maldon by }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 528 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab SIWARD [* OF MALDON *]. See 34,9 Siward note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab MEN'S [PLOUGHS]. Little Domesday omits }{\i\insrsid10554760 caruce}{\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab SHEEP. Farley }{\i\insrsid10554760 poues}{\insrsid10554760 , manuscript }{\i\insrsid10554760 pores}{\insrsid10554760  altered to }{\i\insrsid10554760 poues}{\insrsid10554760 ; the }{\i\insrsid10554760 p}{\insrsid10554760 
 was meant to be erased in the manuscript but was not (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 34,13\tab HAZELEIGH. The two mentions of 'Hazeleigh', (}{\i\insrsid10554760 Halesheiam}{\insrsid10554760 , }{\i\insrsid10554760 Halesleiam}{\insrsid10554760 
, 34,13-14) are respectively, the manors of Great Hazeleigh and Little Hazeleigh; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 528, notes 4-5 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab SIWARD [* OF MALDON *]. See 34,9 Siward note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 34,14\tab HAZELEIGH. Little Hazeleigh; see 34,13 Hazeleigh note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab AELMER [* MILK *]. See 33,23 Aelmer note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 34,15\tab A. Perhaps, but not necessarily, an abbreviation for }{\i\insrsid10554760 Ailmar}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 us}{\insrsid10554760 ] of 34,14 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 34,16\tab ABBERTON. Ranulf Peverel subsequently granted it to St Paul's, London; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 Early Charters of Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 40 no. 96 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 34,18\tab SIWARD [* OF MALDON *]. See 34,9 Siward note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 34,19\tab SIWARD [* OF MALDON *]. See 34,9 Siward note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab 13 VILLAGERS, NOW 19. }{\i\insrsid10554760 Inquisitio}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Eliensis}{\insrsid10554760 , (Hamilton, p. 129) adds, 'and 1 Freeman', }{\i\insrsid10554760 sochemann}{\insrsid10554760 [}{
\i\insrsid10554760 us}{\insrsid10554760 ] (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ABBOT OF ELY LAYS CLAIM. See }{\i\insrsid10554760 Inquisitio}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Eliensis}{\insrsid10554760 , (Hamilton, p. 129); }{\i\insrsid10554760 Inquisitio}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Eliensis 
}{\insrsid10554760 Alienations, (Hamilton, p. 189) (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 297 no. 1997 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 34,20\tab SIWARD [* OF MALDON *]. See 34,9 Siward note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab THEN ... PLOUGHS. Little Domesday omits the numeral (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab VITALIS [HOLDS]. Probably he of 34,18 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 34,21\tab HENNY. Identified by }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 529 as Great Henny. See 90,13 for Ranulf's annexation here, and 90,44 for Thorold's (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 

\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab SUDBURY. In Suffolk (SUF 1,97), to the north of Great Henny (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 34,22\tab LAMARSH. See 90,14 for Ranulf's annexation here, and 90,45 for Thorold's (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab TWO BROTHERS. Presumably Algar and Alfward (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab GIVEN ... AS 1 MANOR. See 5,7 manors note (NH).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 297 no. 1998 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 34,23\tab SIWARD [* OF MALDON *]. See 34,9 Siward note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 34,24\tab LAWLING. The manor of Peverells there; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 530, note 5 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 34,26\tab STANSGATE. See 90,12 for Ranulf Peverel's annexation here (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab SIWARD [* OF MALDON *]. See 34,9 Siward note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 34,27\tab BUT HE COULD GO. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , pp. 297-98 no. 1999 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab HAS IT. Alternatively, 'has him' (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 34,28\tab RAVENOT. As 34,10 Ravenot note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab PLUNKER'S [GREEN]. For this identification, see }{\i\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 of}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 153 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab [* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab BUT IT DID NOT BELONG TO HIM. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 298 no. 2000 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \'bd PLOUGH. In the manuscript }{\i\insrsid10554760 .7.}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 d}{\insrsid10554760 (}{\i\insrsid10554760 imidia}{\insrsid10554760 ). }{\i\insrsid10554760 car}{\insrsid10554760 (}{\i\insrsid10554760 
uca}{\insrsid10554760 ) has been altered from }{\i\insrsid10554760 .7}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 .i}{\insrsid10554760 . }{\i\insrsid10554760 car}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 uca}{\insrsid10554760 ] (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 34,29\tab SPRINGFIELD. The manor of Springfield Hall; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 531, note 3 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab SMALLHOLDERS. Little Domesday repeats the }{\i\insrsid10554760 bordarius}{\insrsid10554760  category of population. Possibly the second group is in error for }{\i\insrsid10554760 serui}{\insrsid10554760 , 'slaves' (ARR).}{
\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 34,30\tab SIWARD [* OF MALDON *]. See 34,9 Siward note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ABBEY OF ELY LAYS CLAIM. See 10,3 and }{\i\insrsid10554760 Inquisitio}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Eliensis}{\insrsid10554760 , (Hamilton, p. 126) (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 298 no. 2001 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 34,31\tab SIWARD [* OF MALDON *]. See 34,9 Siward note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \'a312 FROM MALDON. This does not tally with the values given in 1,25 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 34,32\tab IN EXCHANGE. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 298 no. 2002 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 34,33\tab ST OSYTH. The manor of St Clere's Hall there; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 531, note 8; }{\i\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\insrsid10554760 of}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 350, under St Clairs Hall (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab SIWARD [* OF MALDON *]. See 34,9 Siward note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab 50 CATTLE. An unusually high number of cattle (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 34,34\tab KETIL [* ALDER *]. A wealthy magnate in Essex and East Anglia, the bulk of his estates lying in Norfolk. He is described as both a thane of King Edward (NFK 34,6) a
nd of Archbishop Stigand (NFK 32,2), as holding 'under' the archbishop (NFK 26,2), but most often simply as a free man. Most of his estates devolved upon Ranulf Peverel though five other tenants-in-chief enjoyed a part of his estate. Ketil is a fairly com
mon name in the area but his estates can be identified securely in most cases by family wills, which name most of them and confirm Stigand as his lord as well as including a bequest to Earl Harold: Whitelock, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Anglo-Saxon Wills}{
\insrsid10554760 , nos. 32-34, pp. 84-91, 197-204. See also Clarke, }{\i\insrsid10554760 English Nobility}{\insrsid10554760 , pp. 318-19 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 34,35\tab SMALLHOLDERS ABOVE THE WATER. They were probably fishermen dwelling on the shore of the Thames estuary here. In the manuscript }{\i\insrsid10554760 sup}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 er}{\insrsid10554760 
] has been altered from }{\i\insrsid10554760 sub }{\insrsid10554760 ['under']! (ARR)}{\cf1\insrsid10554760 .}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 34,36\tab TOLLESHUNT. Identified by }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 532, note 5 as Tolleshunt D'Arcy (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab SIWARD [* OF MALDON *]. See 34,9 Siward note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab RALPH BAYNARD. Compare 33,23 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab Not included in Fleming's catalogue: Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 298 (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab HUGH DE MONTFORT. Compare 27,18 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab Not included in Fleming's catalogue: Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 298 (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 35\tab AUBREY DE VERE. Named from Ver (in the French d\'e9partement of Manche: arrondissement Coutances [canton, Gavray]) or Ver (in that of Calvados), according to Tengvik, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Old}{\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\insrsid10554760 English}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 118. For his annexations, see 90,36-37 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab Loyd, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Some}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Anglo-Norman}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Families}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 110, favoured Ver in the French d\'e9partement of Manche; but Keats-Rohan, }{
\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 People}{\insrsid10554760 , pp. 131-32, has recently argued for a Breton origin, Vair (in the French d\'e9partement of Loire-Atlantique: arrondissement Ancenis) (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 

\par }{\insrsid10554760 35,1\tab [GREAT] CANFIELD. Identified by }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 532 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab WULFWIN. He was also Aubrey's predecessor in Cambridgeshire (CAM 29,1 Wulfwin note), etc. (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 35,2\tab "UDECHESHALE". Unidentified, Old English (hypothetical)}{\i\insrsid10554760  Udeceshale}{\insrsid10554760 , 'at Udec's nook of land'; The hypothetical name}{\i\insrsid10554760  Udec}{\insrsid10554760 
 may be a diminutive of the recorded personal name }{\i\insrsid10554760 Uda}{\insrsid10554760  (compare }{\i\insrsid10554760 Udel}{\insrsid10554760  in Uttlesford, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 of}{
\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 516) but could be from a place-name, hypothetical, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Wuda-hecc}{\insrsid10554760  'Woodhatch', if the Little Domesday spelling }{\i\insrsid10554760 ch}{
\insrsid10554760  here represents [}{\i\insrsid10554760 ts}{\insrsid10554760 ] (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ADDED 1 VIRGATE AND 8 ACRES. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 298 no. 2003 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 35,5\tab [CASTLE] HEDINGHAM. Identified by }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 533. For Aubrey's annexation of 15 acres at Smalton here, see 90,37 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 

\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab WHO ... PLOUGHS. }{\i\insrsid10554760 h}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 abe}{\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\insrsid10554760 ntes}{\insrsid10554760 
 probably refers to all the village population listed here, rather than to the slaves. The clause is another way of expressing the number of 'men's ploughs'. A similar construction is used later in this entry in relation to the ploughs belonging to Robert
 Blunt, etc (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab SUDBURY. Suffolk (SUF 1,97) (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ROBERT BLUNT. A landholder in Suffolk (ESS 66) and Middlesex (MDX 17), etc. See also 90,83. The byname is from Old French }{\i\insrsid10554760 blund}{\insrsid10554760 , }{\i\insrsid10554760 blond}{\insrsid10554760 
, 'blonde, fair'; see Tengvik, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Old}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 English}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 294. In Wiltshire (WIL 60) he has the Latin byname }{\i\insrsid10554760 flavus}{
\insrsid10554760  (Tengvik, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Old}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 English}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 313), 'yellow, blonde'; in Northamptonshire (NTH 33) the Latin byname }{
\i\insrsid10554760 albus}{\insrsid10554760  'white' (Tengvik, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Old}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 English}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\insrsid10554760 
, p. 293); and in Norfolk (NFK 1,231. 26,3) the Old French byname }{\i\insrsid10554760 blanchart}{\insrsid10554760  'whitish' (Tengvik,}{\i\insrsid10554760  Old}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 English}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 
Bynames}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 293) (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab PINSON. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 Pincu'n'}{\insrsid10554760 , for }{\i\insrsid10554760 Pinc}{\insrsid10554760 (}{\i\insrsid10554760 io}{\insrsid10554760 )}{\i\insrsid10554760 un}{\insrsid10554760  from Old French }{
\i\insrsid10554760 pin\'e7on}{\insrsid10554760  'finch', a nickname; see Reaney, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Dictionary}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 of}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 British}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Surnames}{
\insrsid10554760 , p. 274 under the names}{\i\insrsid10554760  }{\insrsid10554760 Pinchen, Pinson (ARR).
\par \tab \tab This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab GODWIN. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 Godun}{\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 35,6\tab HALF-HUNDRED OF 'THUNDERLOW'. This unit occurs only here and before 36,8. It was later subsumed into Hinkford Hundred. The meeting-place was in Bulmer parish; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\insrsid10554760 of}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 418. The inclusion of 'Binsley' in it (}{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 
, i. pp. 405-406) is not so in Little Domesday, see 23,10 and 36,9 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab BELCHAMP [WALTER]. Identified by }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 534 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab 4 MEN'S PLO UGHS. The first instance of Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 car}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 uce}{\insrsid10554760 ] }{\i\insrsid10554760 hom}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 inum}{
\insrsid10554760 ] is here in error for }{\i\insrsid10554760 car}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 uce}{\insrsid10554760 ] }{\i\insrsid10554760 in}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 dominio}{\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab "ARPENT". The normal unit of extent for vineyards in the Domesday Survey, of unknown extent (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab WILLIAM PECHE. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 peccatu}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 s}{\insrsid10554760 ] [apparently meaning 'ha
ving sinned', as if it were the past participle of a deponent verb], equivalent to Old French }{\i\insrsid10554760 peche}{\insrsid10554760  [Modern French le p\'e9ch\'e9] 'sin'; see Tengvik, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Old}{\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\insrsid10554760 English}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 353 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab SUADUS. Perhaps a nickname from Latin }{\i\insrsid10554760 suadus}{\insrsid10554760  'persuasive', but possibly it is Old English }{\i\insrsid10554760 swaeth}{\insrsid10554760 
 'bandage, wrapping' used as a byname; see von Feilitzen, 'Old English uncompounded personal names', pp. 14-15 in relation to }{\i\insrsid10554760 Osferth}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Swade}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 beard}{
\insrsid10554760  (ARR).
\par }{\insrsid8606750 \tab \tab }{\insrsid10554760 This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 35,7\tab ADELELM [* OF BURGATE *].}{\cf1\insrsid10554760  Little Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid10554760 Adelalm}{\cf1\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid10554760 us}{\cf1\insrsid10554760 ], from Old German }{\i\cf1\insrsid10554760 Adalhelm}{
\cf1\insrsid10554760 , }{\i\cf1\insrsid10554760 Adel}{\cf1\insrsid10554760 (}{\i\cf1\insrsid10554760 h}{\cf1\insrsid10554760 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid10554760 elm}{\cf1\insrsid10554760 ; compare Forssner, }{\i\cf1\insrsid10554760 
Continental-Germanic Personal Names}{\cf1\insrsid10554760 , p. 8; von Feilitzen, }{\i\cf1\insrsid10554760 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cf1\insrsid10554760 , p. 184 (ARR).}{\insrsid10554760 
\par \tab \tab A major tenant, and possibly steward of Aubrey de Vere in East Anglia according to Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday People}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 124.}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab PREDECESSOR. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 antecessore}{\insrsid10554760 , with an otiose abbreviation-mark above }{\i\insrsid10554760 c}{\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ON CONDITION ... PERMISSION. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 298 no. 2004 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 35,8\tab COLNE. That is, Earls Colne. The modern form commemorates the rank, as earls of Oxford, of the Domesday Book tenant's descendants; }{\i\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 of}{\insrsid10554760  }
{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 381 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ALWAYS [***] VILLAGERS. Little Domesday omits the numeral (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab DEMIBLANC ... 1 HIDE. The manor of Ingledethorp in White Colne; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 534, note 11; }{\i\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\insrsid10554760  
}{\i\insrsid10554760 of}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 384. White Colne was named from Demiblanc's byname 'half-white' (}{\i\insrsid10554760 dimidius}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 blancus}{\insrsid10554760 
), possibly referring to the colour of his hair. He also occurs in Colchester (B3a), where also compare Blanc. Round (in }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 
, i. p. 534, note 11) related the name Demiblanc to 'the name of a certain coin in Old French' but the source of his statement is unknown and the word has not been found in any dictionary (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 35,9\tab [GREAT] BENTLEY. Identified by }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 535, note 1 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab AMONG [THE MEN]. Little Domesday omits }{\i\insrsid10554760 homines}{\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 35,11\tab BEAUMONT. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 Fulepet}{\insrsid10554760 . The first Old English name 'foul hollow' is the direct opposite of the later (by 1175-1180) Old French one 'fair hill'; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 
Place-Names}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 of}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , pp. 327-28 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab COULD NOT WITHDRAW ... PERMISSION. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 298 no. 2005.}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 35,12\tab ADELELM [* OF BURGATE *]. See 35,7 Adelelm note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab [HELIONS] BUMPSTEAD. The manor of Bumpstead Hall there, }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 535, note 8 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab FULL JURISDICTION REMAINED. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 298 no. 2006 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 35,13\tab FULL JURISDICTION REMAINED. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 298 no. 2006 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 35,14\tab STEVINGTON [END]. Identified by }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 536, note 2, as the manor of Waltons in Ashdon (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab HE GAVE THEM TO AUBREY. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 298 no. 2007 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 36\tab PETER OF VALOGNES. The sheriff of Essex and Hertfordshire in 1086; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 349. He was named from Valognes (in the French d\'e9
partement of Manche: arrondissement Cherbourg); see Tengvik, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Old}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 English}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 117 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 36,3\tab PARNDON. Identified by }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 536 as Little Farndon (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab 5 ACRES ... HAVE BEEN ADDED. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 298 no. 2008 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 36,4\tab [NORTH] WEALD [BASSETT]. For this identification, see }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 397 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 36,5\tab TAKEN AWAY ... AFTER 1066. See 3,8 after note, and see also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 298 no. 2009 (JP)}{\cf1\insrsid10554760 .}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab NOTHING THERE EXCEPT LAND. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 298 no. 2009 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 36,6\tab HIGHAM [HILL]. In Walthamstow; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 of}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , pp. 106-107 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab NOTHING THERE EXCEPT ... ACRE. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 299 no. 2010 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab I HAVE MENTIONED ABOVE. }{\i\insrsid10554760 sup}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 er}{\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\insrsid10554760 i}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 us}{\insrsid10554760 ] }{\i\insrsid10554760 dixi}{
\insrsid10554760 , a rare use of the first person in the Domesday texts. The subject of the verb may have been the sheriff of Essex, whose Holding this was, rather than the compiler of Little Domesday (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ADDED ... AFTER 1066. See 3,8 after note, and see also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 299 no. 2010 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab WILLIAM ... VALOGNES. }{\i\insrsid10554760 hoc}{\insrsid10554760 , if it agrees with any other word here, ought grammatically to refer to the whole manor (}{\i\insrsid10554760 manerium}{\insrsid10554760 
), rather than to just the 1 hide (}{\i\insrsid10554760 hida}{\insrsid10554760 ), but it should probably be taken here as standing on its own and meaning 'that just described', that is, the 1 hide (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 36,8\tab HALF-HUNDRED OF 'THUNDERLOW'. See 35,6 'Thunderlow' note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab RALPH THE HAUNTED. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 fatat}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 us}{\insrsid10554760 ], unexplained by Tengvik, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Old}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 English}{
\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 389, but see }{\i\insrsid10554760 Revised}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Medieval}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Latin}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 
Word-List}{\insrsid10554760 , under }{\i\insrsid10554760 fatatus}{\insrsid10554760  'haunted' }{\i\insrsid10554760 c}{\insrsid10554760 . 1212 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See now the }{\i\insrsid10554760 Medieval Latin Dictionary}{\insrsid10554760  under }{\i\insrsid10554760 fatatus}{\insrsid10554760  with the meanings (1) 'fated', (2) 'bewitched'. The word derives from Classical Latin neuter }{
\i\insrsid10554760 fatum}{\insrsid10554760  ('fate') whose plural }{\i\insrsid10554760 Fata}{\insrsid10554760  as a proper noun means 'the Fates', 'the goddesses of destiny'. Treated in Medieval Latin as a singular feminine noun, }{\i\insrsid10554760 fata
}{\insrsid10554760  means 'a fairy' (Modern French une f\'e9e), 'a witch'. In view of this, 'haunted' is only one possible meaning.}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 36,9\tab 'BINSLEY'. See 23,10 'Binsley' note. }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 
, i. pp. 405-406, puts it in 'Thunderlow' Half-Hundred but above at 23,10 it appears to be in Hinckford Hundred. Hundred-rubrics appear to have been omitted in this part of the present chapter (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab PROVIDED ... HIS CUSTOMARY DUE. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 299 no. 2011 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 36,10\tab VALUE THEN. Little Domesday repeats }{\i\insrsid10554760 T}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 un}{\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\insrsid10554760 c}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 ual}{\insrsid10554760 [}{
\i\insrsid10554760 uit}{\insrsid10554760 ] (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 36,11\tab THEYDON. Identified by }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 537, note 11 as Theydon Bois (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab BY EXCHANGE ... STATES. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 299 no. 2012 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab IN PLEDGE ... KING'S GRANT. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 299 no. 2012 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 36,12\tab RALPH THE HAUNTED. As 36,8 Ralph note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab [NORTH] WEALD [BASSETT]. As 36,4 Weald note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab AS 2 MANORS. See 5,7 manors note (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab IN EXCHANGE. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 299 no. 2013 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 37\tab RANULF BROTHER OF ILGER. Ranulf appears consistently in the Domesday survey as 'the brother of Ilger', although in }{\i\insrsid10554760 Inquisitio}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Eliensis}{\insrsid10554760 
, (Hamilton, p. 149), he is called 'the son of Ilger'. Ilger is from Old German }{\i\insrsid10554760 Hilger}{\insrsid10554760 ; see Tengvik, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Old}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 English}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 
Bynames}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 187 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 37,1\tab INGRAVE. Identified by }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 161 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab OSLAC <OF INGRAVE>. The name Oslac occurs on eighteen holdings in Domesday Book, probably representing between thirteen and fifteen individuals. The distribution is curious, falling i
nto four distinct groups, in Devon, Shropshire, the Midlands, and East Anglia and Essex. The three modest holdings in Essex have no apparent links with each other or with the Oslacs of East Anglia and are scattered around the three corners of the county. 
It is likely they belonged to three individuals (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 37,2\tab FOUND NOTHING. No livestock, when acquired (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 37,3\tab INGVAR <OF BURSTEAD>. Ranulf brother of Ilger also took possession of Everton in Huntingdonshire (HUN 24,1), which had previously been held by Ingvar. The name }{\i\insrsid10554760 Ingvar}{\insrsid10554760 
 is Old Norse (von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 298) and hence the spelling 'Ingward' used there in the Phillimore translation is incorrect and has been altered to 'Ingvar' (ARR).

\par \tab \tab See also 18,2 Ingvar note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ADDED 4 HIDES. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 299 no. 2014 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 37,4\tab PARNDON. Probably Great Parndon, according to }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 539 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ALSI BOLLA. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 bolla}{\insrsid10554760 , from the Old English for 'bowl, cup'; see Tengvik, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Old}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 English}{\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\insrsid10554760 , pp. 294-95 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 37,5\tab PARNDON. See 37,4 Parndon note.}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 37,6\tab PARNDON. See 37,4 Parndon note.}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 37,7\tab [NORTH] WEALD [BASSETT]. As 36,4 Weald note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 37,9\tab 1 HIDE HAS BEEN ADDED. See 3,8 after note, and see also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 299 no. 2015 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab 1 VIRGATE ... FROM THERE. The 30 acres mentioned in 7,1 as being held by Ranulf brother of Ilger (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 299 no. 2015 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 37,10\tab INGVAR <OF BURSTEAD>. See 18,2 Ingvar note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 37,11\tab 13 [COBS] AND. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 .7.}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 xiii}{\insrsid10554760 ; Probably the massing category is 'cobs', }{\i\insrsid10554760 runcini}{\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{
\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 37,12\tab INGVAR <OF BURSTEAD>. See 18,2 Ingvar note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab THESE 2 MANORS. Referring to 37,11-12 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 37,13\tab THEN NOTHING. That is, no livestock before 1066 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 37,14\tab ST LAWRENCE. As 2,6 St Lawrence note. Identified as East Newland by }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 540, note 5 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab INGVAR <OF BURSTEAD>. See 18,2 Ingvar note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 37,16\tab INGVAR <OF BURSTEAD>. See 18,2 Ingvar note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 37,17\tab IN THE SAME. The text demands a new section here, although Little Domesday has not supplied a paragraph mark (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab AND ... EXCHANGE. Perhaps the subject of this clause is Ranulf brother of Ilger, not William of Bosc; compare 37,19 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 299 no. 2016 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 37,19\tab FOUCHERS. Called }{\i\insrsid10554760 Gynge}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Puelle}{\insrsid10554760  in 1373, from the tenants before 1066; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 
of}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 159. Not Mountnessing as }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 541 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab FREELY. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 lib}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 er}{\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\insrsid10554760 ae}{\insrsid10554760  is probably for }{\i\insrsid10554760 libere}{\insrsid10554760 
, being influenced by the previous word }{\i\insrsid10554760 puellae}{\insrsid10554760 . The alternative translation, 'free girls', is less likely since it should have been written in the order }{\i\insrsid10554760 liberae}{\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\insrsid10554760 puellae}{\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab IN EXCHANGE. Compare 37,17 exchange note (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 299 no. 2017 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 37,20\tab 'DERLEIGH'. Lost, in Little Bromley; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 of}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 333. Not, as }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{
\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 541, Ardleigh (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab EDRIC OF EASTHORPE. He of 20,40 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab BY EXCHANGE. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 299 no. 2018 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab LAWFORD. Adjoining Little Bromley. See 1,27 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 38\tab TIHEL THE BRETON. The forename is Breton }{\i\insrsid10554760 Tihellus}{\insrsid10554760 . In 18,21a he is called 'of Hell\'e9an' (in the French d\'e9partement of Morbihan: arrondissement Pontivy; see Tengvik, }{
\i\insrsid10554760 Old}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 English}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 91), which byname has been fossilized in Helions Bumpstead, held by Tihel (38,4) (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 38,1\tab [THEN]. Little Domesday has }{\i\insrsid10554760 7}{\insrsid10554760  in error for }{\i\insrsid10554760 T}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 un}{\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\insrsid10554760 c}{\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{
\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab CLAIMS ... KING'S GIFT. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 299 no. 2019 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 38,2\tab STEVINGTON [END]. As 35,14 Stevington note (}{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 541, note 9). Farley }{\i\insrsid10554760 Steintuna}{\insrsid10554760 [}{
\i\insrsid10554760 m}{\insrsid10554760 ] is in error for }{\i\insrsid10554760 Steuituna}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 m}{\insrsid10554760 ] of the manuscript (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab OSLAC <OF STEVINGTON>.}{\b\insrsid10554760  }{\insrsid10554760 The name Oslac occurs on eighteen holdings in Domesday Book, probably represen
ting between thirteen and fifteen individuals. The distribution is curious, falling into four distinct groups, in Devon, Shropshire, the Midlands, and East Anglia and Essex. The three modest holdings in Essex have no apparent links with each other (or wit
h the men called Oslac of East Anglia) and are scattered around the three corners of the county. It is likely they belonged to three individuals (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab THEN [AND] LATER. }{\i\insrsid10554760 T}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 un}{\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\insrsid10554760 c}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 p}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 ro}{\insrsid10554760 ] 
}{\i\insrsid10554760 p}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 ost}{\insrsid10554760 ] is a Farley error for }{\i\insrsid10554760 T}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 un}{\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\insrsid10554760 c}{\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\insrsid10554760 7}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 p}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 ost}{\insrsid10554760 ] of the manuscript (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab SMALLHOLDER, NOW 3. In the manuscript }{\i\insrsid10554760 iii}{\insrsid10554760  has been altered from }{\i\insrsid10554760 ii}{\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 38,3\tab GUTHROTH. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 Goderet}{\insrsid10554760 ; Old Norse }{\i\insrsid10554760 Guthr\'f8dr}{\insrsid10554760 ; see von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{
\insrsid10554760 , pp. 279-80, Fellows Jensen, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Scandinavian}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Personal}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Name}{\insrsid10554760 s, p. 111 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab CLAIMS ... KING'S GIFT. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 300 no. 2020 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 38,4\tab [HELIONS] BUMPSTEAD. The manor of Helions there, }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 541, note 11. See ESS 38 Tihel note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab THEN ... BEEHIVES. Little Domesday omits the numeral (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 38,5\tab MANOR, FOR 1 HIDE. The semi-colon in Farley is a misreading of the manuscript where a full point after }{\i\insrsid10554760 man}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 erio}{\insrsid10554760 
] has been mis-associated with an insertion-mark below the line in the form of a comma. The insertion-mark is repeated in the manuscript, but not in Farley, before the interlineation of }{\i\insrsid10554760 7}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 p}{
\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 ro}{\insrsid10554760 ] i. }{\i\insrsid10554760 hid}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 a}{\insrsid10554760 ] (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 38,6\tab 44 PIGS. In the manuscript, }{\i\insrsid10554760 porc}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 i}{\insrsid10554760 ] has been altered from }{\i\insrsid10554760 ourc}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 i}{\insrsid10554760 
] (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 38,7\tab IN THE MANUSCRIPT the paragraph-mark is omitted before this entry (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 39\tab ROGER OF RAMES. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 de}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Ramis}{\insrsid10554760 ; which Tengvik, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Old}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 English}{\insrsid10554760  
}{\i\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 109, identified as Raismes (in the French d\'e9partement of Nord: arrondissement Valenciennes), (ARR).
\par \tab \tab However, Loyd and Keats-Rohan suggest that he was from Rames (Seine-Maritime: arrondissement Le Havre): Loyd, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Some}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Anglo-Norman}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 familie}{
\insrsid10554760 s, p. 84; Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 People}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 406 (JP)}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 39,1\tab RAYNE. The manor of Old Hall there; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 542, note 7 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 39,1\tab MEADOW, 11 ACRES. The Little Domesday interlineation reads }{\i\insrsid10554760 c}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 7}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 .xi.}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 ac}{
\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 re}{\insrsid10554760 ] }{\i\insrsid10554760 p}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 ra}{\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\insrsid10554760 ti}{\insrsid10554760 . The }{\i\insrsid10554760 c}{\insrsid10554760 
 is most probably a repetition of the number of pigs, already given. '111 acres of meadow' is a very unlikely alternative (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab OF THIS MANOR. The paragraph-mark here does not distinguish a separate manor (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab WIBERGA. Old German; see Forssner, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Continental-Germanic}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Personal Names}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 252 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 39,2\tab RAYNE. See 39,1 Rayne note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 39,3\tab WARENGAR. Old German }{\i\insrsid10554760 Weringer}{\insrsid10554760 ; see Forssner, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Continental-Germanic}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Personal Names}{\insrsid10554760 
, p. 246. The Little Domesday form (}{\i\insrsid10554760 Garengerus}{\insrsid10554760 ) has Old French }{\i\insrsid10554760 G-}{\insrsid10554760  for }{\i\insrsid10554760 W-}{\insrsid10554760 
. Warengar also held lands in Sible Hedingham from Roger Bigot which Roger of Rames claimed, see 43,1 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab [SIBLE] HEDINGHAM. The manor of Greys there; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 543, note 2.}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab SLAVES, LATER AND NOW 2. In the manuscript }{\i\insrsid10554760 ii}{\insrsid10554760  has been altered from }{\i\insrsid10554760 i}{\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 39,4\tab IN EXCHANGE. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 300 no. 2021 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 39,7\tab WIFE. Compare 39,10 wife note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 39,8\tab ARDLEIGH. The manor of Picotts there; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 543, note 6 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab RALPH OF HASTINGS. Presumably named from Hastings, Sussex, although he is not identifiable in the Domesday survey of that county. See also B7 Ralph note (ARR).
\par \tab \tab According to Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 People}{\insrsid10554760 
, p. 333 he was 'probably named from Hastings, Suffolk, a fee of Roger of Rames', but no reference is given and this fee cannot be traced (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 39,9\tab JACQUES HALL. Formerly 'Manston'; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 of}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 329 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ALFHELM. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 Alselm}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 us}{\insrsid10554760 ] is in error for }{\i\insrsid10554760 Alfelm}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 us}{\insrsid10554760 ] (ARR).}{
\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab 4 SMALLHOLDERS, NOW 3. In the manuscript }{\i\insrsid10554760 iii}{\insrsid10554760  has been altered from }{\i\insrsid10554760 ii}{\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 39,10\tab HENRY'S WIFE. 'Henry's' }{\i\insrsid10554760 Henrici}{\insrsid10554760  has been substituted for 'Aubrey's' }{\i\insrsid10554760 Alb}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 er}{\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\insrsid10554760 ici}{
\insrsid10554760 . Possibly the 'wife of a man-at-arms' in 39,7 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 39,11\tab CLIFF. In Mistley; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 of}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 344 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 39,12\tab BY EXCHANGE. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 300 no. 2022 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 40\tab JOHN SON OF WALERAN. For his father's annexations, see 90,46-47 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 40,1\tab ERNUCION. Perhaps an extended form of Old German }{\i\insrsid10554760 Ernust}{\insrsid10554760 ; see Tengvik, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Old}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 English}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 
Bynames}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 181 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab [* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab NOTLEY. Perhaps Black Notley; }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 544 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 40,2\tab "TURSTIN" [* WISHART *]. Probably "Turstin" Wishart of B3p, who held 3 houses and \'bd hide of land in Colchester from John son of Waleran (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab [GREAT] SALING. Identified by }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 544 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 40,3\tab [LITTLE] MAPLESTEAD. Identified by }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 544 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab [HELD]. Little Domesday omits }{\i\insrsid10554760 tenuit}{\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab AS A PLEDGE. Translating }{\i\insrsid10554760 p}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 ro}{\insrsid10554760 ] }{\i\insrsid10554760 uadimonio}{\insrsid10554760  (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 300 no. 2023 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab NOTHING. That is, no livestock (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 40,4\tab HENNY. Roger also held from John an annexation here, see 90,46 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab SUDBURY. Suffolk (SUF 1,97) (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 40,5\tab BURES. See 23,16 Bures note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab TOSTI <OF BURES>. If the earl and Tosti, the holder of Sawtry in Hunting
donshire are excluded, Tosti is an uncommon, even rare name. The two holdings at Bures, here and in Suffolk (SUF 55,1), are remote from others held by an unidentified Tosti and likely to have been held by the same individual. The mention of (Earl) Harold 
raises the possibility that Tosti might be his brother; but the status of the holding is so modest that mere coincidence is a more likely explanation (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 40,7\tab HE ALSO HOLDS. That is, Roger of 40,6 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab THE OTHER FYFIELD. A different manor, but within the present parish. }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 
, i. p. 545, note 5, suggests that this is the 30 acres mentioned under Havering-atte-Bower in 1,4 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 40,8\tab HE ALSO HOLDS. That is, Roger of 40,6 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab [HIGH] ONGAR. Identified by }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 545 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 40,9\tab ADDED HIM. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 300 no. 2024 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 41\tab ROBERT SON OF CORBUCION. His patronym is perhaps Old French (hypothetical) }{\i\insrsid10554760 Corbucion}{\insrsid10554760 , from the postulated Vulgar Latin name}{\i\insrsid10554760  Corbutio}{\insrsid10554760 
, an extended form of Latin }{\i\insrsid10554760 corvus}{\insrsid10554760 , 'raven'; see Tengvik, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Old}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 English}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\insrsid10554760 
, pp. 178-79 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 41,2\tab EARL ALGAR. See 1,11 Algar note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 41,3\tab [* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab 4 \'bd HIDES. See 1,4 hides note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 41,4\tab 8 FREEMEN HELD. In the manuscript }{\i\insrsid10554760 uiii}{\insrsid10554760  has apparently been altered by elongating the second minim below the line; since the verb }{\i\insrsid10554760 tenebat}{\insrsid10554760 
 is wrongly in the singular here, the scribe may have at first misread }{\i\insrsid10554760 uiii}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 soc}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 hemanni}{\insrsid10554760 ] in his exemplar as }{\i\insrsid10554760 unus}{
\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 soc}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 hemannus}{\insrsid10554760 ], before altering it to }{\i\insrsid10554760 uiii}{\insrsid10554760  but forgetting to correct the verb to }{\i\insrsid10554760 tenebant}{
\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab FREEMEN ... HAVERING [-ATTE-BOWER]. See 1,4 and 1,4 Havering note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 41,5\tab FOR THE FIRST TWO LINES of this entry which are at the foot of folio 85a, [corresponding to the translation 'W. holds ... as a manor'] Farley imitates the irregular
 shape of the bottom corner of the leaf in the manuscript here and on the reverse (85b) (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 41,6\tab HUNDRED OF CHELMSFORD. Farley indicates an erasure in the manuscript by means of three dots, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Celme}{\insrsid10554760  ... }{\i\insrsid10554760 fort}{\insrsid10554760 ; the manuscript reads }{
\i\insrsid10554760 Celme}{\insrsid10554760 [.]}{\i\insrsid10554760 sfort}{\insrsid10554760 , with only one letter erased (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 41,8\tab WHOM ROBERT ANNEXED. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 300 no. 2025 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 41,9\tab 'BENSTED'. As 27,14 'Bensted' note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab WHOM ROBERT ANNEXED. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 300 no. 2026 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab FO
R THE LAST LINES OF THIS FOLIO (Folio 85b), corresponding to the end of 41,9 and the beginning of 41,10, Farley imitates the irregular shape of the bottom corner of the leaf in the manuscript as aft the foot of folio 85a; see 41,5 lines note (ARR).}{
\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 41,11\tab VALUE ... NOW 5 [s]. Farley omits to show a gap in the text, caused by an erasure in the manuscript, between }{\i\insrsid10554760 m}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 odo}{\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\insrsid10554760 .}{
\insrsid10554760  and }{\i\insrsid10554760 .v.}{\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 41,12\tab TOLLESHUNT. That is, Tolleshunt Major. The modern form of the place-name commemorates Mauger, the Domesday undertenant; }{\i\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 of}{\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 307 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab WHOM ROBERT ANNEXED. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 300 no. 2027 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 42\tab WALTER THE DEACON. The head of his Holding was at Little Easton (42,3); see }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 349 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 42,1\tab 40 ACRES WERE ADDED AFTER 1066. See 3,8 after note, and see also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 300 no. 2028 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab 10 [***] PIGS. Farley .}{\i\insrsid10554760 x}{\insrsid10554760  ... }{\i\insrsid10554760 porc}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 i}{\insrsid10554760 ] indicates a gall-stain in the manuscript obscuring the text here (ARR).}{
\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 42,2\tab PURLEIGH. With 42,4 below, the manors of Frerne and Jakelets in Purleigh; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 548, note 3 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab [* YOUNG *] LEOFWIN. Probably Young Leofwin of 42,4; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 351. Compare 42,6 Leofwin note (ARR).
\par \tab \tab This Leofwin is possibly also Leofwin of Bacton, a significant landholder in Suffolk (SUF}{\cf1\insrsid10554760  6,212;217. 41,7(-8);10): see SUF 41,10 Leofwin note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 42,3\tab EASTON. Identified by }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 548 as Little Easton (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 42,4\tab PURLEIGH. As 42,2 Purleigh note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab YOUNG LEOFWIN. See 42,2 Leofwin note; 42,6 Leofwin note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 42,5\tab STOW MARIES. See 30,44 Stow note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 42,6\tab COLNE [ENGAINE]. The manor of Overhall there; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 548, note 6 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab [* YOUNG *] LEOFWIN. Probably Young Leofwin of 42,4 (see }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 351). Compare 42,2 Leofwin note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 42,7\tab QUEEN EDITH. As 20,8 Edith note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab GAVE THIS LAND. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 300 no. 2029 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab AFTER KING WILLIAM'S ARRIVAL. See 1,27 king note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 42,8\tab QUEEN EDITH. As 20,8 Edith note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab [LITTLE] BROMLEY. Identified by }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 548 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 42,9\tab QUEEN EDITH. As 20,8 Edith note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab [LITTLE] CHESTERFORD. Identified by }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 549 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab AFTER THIS ENTRY there is in the manuscript a summary, perhaps of hidages; see \{Introduction: the Manuscript\}.}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 43\tab ROGER BIGOT. The ancestor of the Bigots, earls of Norfolk. His byname was Old French and meant 'bigot'; see Tengvik, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Old}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 English}{\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 342 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab He came from the Savenay/Les Loges area (in the French d\'e9
partement of Calvados: arrondissement Vire), where his family later held land. The connection with Les Loges may mean that he is the same person as the Bigot of Les Loges named in Suffolk (SUF 4,13); see Loyd, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Some}{\insrsid10554760  
}{\i\insrsid10554760 Anglo-Norman}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Families}{\insrsid10554760 , pp. 14-15; Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 People}{\insrsid10554760 , pp. 396-98 (JP).}{
\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 43,1\tab WARENGAR. See 39,3 Warengar note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 43,2\tab WARENGAR. See 39,3 Warengar note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 43,1\tab [SIBLE] HEDINGHAM. Identified by }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 549 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab THESE 48 ACRES. Little Domesday has '48' in error for '48 \'bd ' here (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab THESE 2 LANDS. The 25 acres and the 48 \'bd acres (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , pp. 300-301 no. 2030, who translates 'these two manors' (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 43,4\tab ROBERT OF VAUX. 'Possibly named from Vaux-sur-Seulles' (in the French d\'e9partement of Calvados: arrondissement Caen): Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 People}{
\insrsid10554760 , p. 382 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab BELCHAMP. The manor of Vaux in Belchamp Otten, named from the 1086 subtenant; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 549, note 6 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 43,5\tab HENNY. Probably Little Henny; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 549, note 7 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 43,6\tab HUGH OF HOUDAIN. Probably from Houdain (in the French d\'e9partement of Pas-de-Calais: arrondissement B\'e9thune), but compare also Hodeng-au-Bosc (in the French d\'e9
partement of Seine-Maritime: arrondissement Dieppe) and Houdain-les-Bavay (in the French d\'e9partement of Nord: arrondissement Avesnes-sur-Helpe); see Tengvik, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Old}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 English}{\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\insrsid10554760 , pp. 92-93 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 People}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 264, suggests that one of the places called Hodenc in the French d\'e9
partement of Oise (arrondissement Beauvais) is more probable, either Hodenc-en-Bray or Hodenc-l'Ev\'eaque (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 44\tab ROBERT MALET. His Holding, mainly in Suffolk, was later known as the Honour of Eye. His byname was Old French }{\i\insrsid10554760 malet}{\insrsid10554760 , a diminutive of }{\i\insrsid10554760 mal}{\insrsid10554760 
 'evil'; see Tengvik, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Old}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 English}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\insrsid10554760 , pp. 350-51. For his annexation of 15 acres at Middleton, see 90,84 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab Robert was the son of William Malet (died }{\i\insrsid10554760 c}{\insrsid10554760 . 1071). He came from Graville-Sainte-Honorine (in the French d\'e9partement of Seine-Maritime: arrondissement Le Havre): Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid10554760 
Domesday}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 People}{\insrsid10554760 , pp. 389-91 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 44,1\tab HUBERT [*OF MONT-CANISY *]. Called Hubert of Mont-Canisy in Suffolk (SUF 57); see }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 550, note 4 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab From Mont-Canisy in the commune of B\'e9nouville (in the French d\'e9partement of Calvados: arrondissement Caen): Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 People}{\insrsid10554760 , pp. 256-57 (JP).}{
\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 44,2\tab 40 PIGS. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 cap}{\f1\insrsid10554760 '}{\i\insrsid10554760 orc}{\f1\insrsid10554760 '}{\insrsid10554760 , where the scribe began to write }{\i\insrsid10554760 cap}{\insrsid10554760 [}{
\i\insrsid10554760 ri}{\insrsid10554760 ], 'goats', but changed to }{\i\insrsid10554760 porc}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 i}{\insrsid10554760 ] without erasing either }{\i\insrsid10554760 ca}{\insrsid10554760  or the abbreviation-mark above }{
\i\insrsid10554760 p}{\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 44,3\tab COLNE. Identified by }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 550, note 10 as Wakes Colne; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 of}
{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 383 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab AZORIN. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 Assorin}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 us}{\insrsid10554760 ]. See von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid10554760 
, pp. 170-71 under Old Danish, Old Swedish }{\i\insrsid10554760 Azur}{\insrsid10554760 . Compare 32,36 Azo note (ARR).
\par \tab \tab This is the only occurrence of this form of the name in Domesday Book. The related forms }{\i\insrsid10554760 Azor}{\insrsid10554760  and }{\i\insrsid10554760 Atsurr}{\insrsid10554760  are comparatively common, but none 
of them appear in Essex (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 44,4\tab WALTER [* OF CAEN *]. In Suffolk (SUF 6,5;7) he is named as Walter of Caen; also identified there as Walter son of Aubrey (SUF 6,2;32;80;183;189;192) (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 People}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 449 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab COLNE [ENGAINE]. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 Parua}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 colun}{\insrsid10554760 . For this identification, see }{\i\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 of}
{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , pp. 379-80 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 45\tab WILLIAM OF ECOUIS. From Ecouis (in the French d\'e9partement of Eure: arrondissement Les Andelys); see Tengvik, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Old}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 English}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 
Bynames}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 114 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 45,1\tab MORETON. According to }{\i\insrsid10554760 Early Charters of Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 33 no. 75 [= Bates, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\insrsid10554760 
, no. 45, pp. 215-19], William of Ecouis had granted the estate to St Stephen's, Caen, between 1066 and 1077. It was later confirmed to St Stephen's by King Henry II (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab THEN [***] COBS. Little Domesday omits the numeral (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ANNEXED ... MANOR. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 301 no. 2031 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab HOLDS FROM HIM. That is, from William (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 46\tab 
ROGER OF POITOU. A younger son of Roger of Montgomery, Earl of Shrewsbury. He appears to have forfeited lands in Lancashire, Derbyshire, Nottinghamshire and Norfolk by 1086, possibly for supporting King William's rebellious son, Robert of Normandy (ARR).}
{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 46,1\tab WHO HAVE 1 PLOUGH. In the manuscript the }{\i\insrsid10554760 h}{\insrsid10554760  of }{\i\insrsid10554760 h}{\insrsid10554760 ([}{\i\insrsid10554760 abe}{\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\insrsid10554760 ntes}{\insrsid10554760 
 has been altered from }{\i\insrsid10554760 7}{\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab VALUE THEN. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 7}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 post}{\insrsid10554760 , 'and later' deleted after }{\i\insrsid10554760 T}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 un}{\insrsid10554760 ]}{
\i\insrsid10554760 c}{\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 46,2\tab LEOFWIN CROC. The byname is Old Norse }{\i\insrsid10554760 kr\'f3kr}{\insrsid10554760 , 'hook'; see Tengvik, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Old}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 English}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Byn
ames}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 179. See also Reaney, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Dictionary}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 of}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 British}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Surnames}{\insrsid10554760 
, under Crook (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab [IN] LORDSHIP. Farley indicates a blot in the manuscript by the use of three dots; however, the implication of loss of text is not warranted since }{\i\insrsid10554760 in}{\insrsid10554760  is clearly visible in t
he manuscript (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab 48 SHEEP, 100 SHEEP. Thus in the manuscript (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ABOVE POUNDS. In the 60s (= \'a33), above (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 46,3\tab LEOFWIN. Perhaps he of 46,2 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 47\tab HUGH OF GOURNAI. From Gournay-en-Bray (in the French d\'e9partement of Seine-Maritime: arrondissement Dieppe); see Tengvik, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Old}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 English}{\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\insrsid10554760 , pp. 90-91 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 47,1\tab GEOFFREY TALBOT. The byname may be Old French }{\i\insrsid10554760 talebot}{\insrsid10554760 , 'pillager', but see further Tengvik, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Old}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 English}{\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 225 and Reaney, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Dictionary}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 of}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 British}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Surnames}{
\insrsid10554760 , under Talbot. Compare Calebot in B3a (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 47,3\tab TOOK AWAY 10 ACRES. Roger of Poitou held adjacent land at both Mount Bures and West Bergholt. Compare 1,19 and 1,19 Roger note for another annexation by him in this hundred (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 301 no. 2032 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 48\tab WILLIAM PEVEREL. His lands later became part of the Honour of Peverel of Nottingham; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 346 and compare ESS 34 Ranulf note (ARR).}{
\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 48,1\tab HORNDON. The manor of Abbots in East Horndon (later held by Waltham Abbey); see }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 399 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab AELMER [* MILK *]. See 33,23 Aelmer note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab 56 ACRES ... TAKEN AWAY. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 301 no. 2033 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 48,2\tab THURROCK. Identified by }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 388 as Grays Thurrock (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab AELMER [* MILK *]. See 33,23 Aelmer note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab THEN 11 SMALLHOLDERS. In the manuscript }{\i\insrsid10554760 xi}{\insrsid10554760  has been altered from }{\i\insrsid10554760 vi}{\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab 2 VILLAGERS, 58 SHEEP. Thus in the manuscript. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 uill'}{\insrsid10554760  is probably for }{\i\insrsid10554760 uit}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 uli}{\insrsid10554760 ], 'calves' (ARR).}
{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab GILBERT ... 10 ACRES. At Stifford, see 18,34 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ANSKETIL ... MANOR. Ansketil was the Bishop of London's tenant at Little Thurrock (4,6) (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab LIKEWISE ... DOES NOT KNOW. See 1,9 hundred note, and see also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 301 no. 2034 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 49\tab RALPH OF LIMESY. From Lim\'e9sy (in the French d\'e9partement of Seine-Maritime: arrondissement Rouen); see Tengvik, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Old}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 English}{\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 95 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 49,1\tab BRUNDON. In Suffolk since 1835; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 of}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 407, note 1. See also 49,4 (ARR).}{
\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab HARDWIN. On him, see }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 553, note 7, and SUF 21,16 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ADDED 20 ACRES AFTER 1066. See 3,8 after note, and see also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 301 no. 2035 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 49,2\tab "NIUETUNA". Unidentified, Old English }{\i\insrsid10554760 niwe-tun}{\insrsid10554760 , 'the new estate' (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 49,3\tab CHIGWELL. The manor of Chigwell Hall there; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 553, note 10. See also 49,5 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab [* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab KING'S GIFT ... STATES. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 301 no. 2036 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab PETER THE SHERIFF. See ESS 36 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab HAD DELIVERY. Literally, 'had the deliverer', }{\i\insrsid10554760 habuit}{\insrsid10554760 ... }{\i\insrsid10554760 lib}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 er}{\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\insrsid10554760 atore}{\insrsid10554760 [}{
\i\insrsid10554760 m}{\insrsid10554760 ] (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 301 no. 2036 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 49,4\tab THIS ENTRY belongs with 49,1 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 49,5\tab THIS ENTRY belongs with 49,3 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 49,6\tab 6 ACRES. Unlocated, perhaps in Ongar Hundred (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab HIS PREDECESSOR ANNEXED IT. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 301 no. 2037 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 50\tab ROBERT OF TOSNY. Named from Tosny (in the French d\'e9partement of Eure: arrondissement Les Andelys); see Tengvik, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Old}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 English}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 
Bynames}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 116 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 51\tab RALPH OF TOSNY. As ESS 50 Robert note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 51,2\tab LAVER. Perhaps Magdalen Laver; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 554, note 6 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab SAXI. Probably the Guard (}{\i\insrsid10554760 huscarl}{\insrsid10554760 ) of this name who was Ralph of Tosny's predecessor at Westmill in Hertfordshire (HRT 22,2) (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 52\tab WALTER OF DOUAI. From Douai (in the French d\'e9partement of Nord); see Tengvik, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Old}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 English}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\insrsid10554760 
, p. 87 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab Also named as Walscin of Douai in the circuit 2 counties of Devon, Dorset, Somerset and Wiltshire. Once named Walter of Flanders in the }{\i\insrsid10554760 Liber}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Exoniensis}{\insrsid10554760 
, possibly the same man as the tenant-in-chief Walter of Flanders in Bedfordshire (BDF 32) and Buckinghamshire (BUK 31); see Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 People}{\insrsid10554760 , pp. 450-51 (JP).}{
\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 52,1\tab UPMINSTER. The manor of Gaines there; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 554, note 9 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab 85 SHEEP AND 25 SHEEP. Thus in the manuscript (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab 10 ACRES ... EXCHANGE. Perhaps part of the exchange mentioned in relation to the adjacent Ockendon in 30,4 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 301 no. 2038 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 52,2\tab AND AFTER. Farley shows }{\i\insrsid10554760 7}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 .}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 p}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 ost}{\insrsid10554760 
] as deleted and there is a line through it in the manuscript but it is uncertain whether this is more than a smudge since the text makes more sense here without a deletion (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab AFTER KING WILLIAM CAME. See 1,27 king note, and see also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , pp. 301-302 no. 2039 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 53\tab MATTHEW OF MORTAGNE. from Mortagne (in the French d\'e9partement of Manche) according to Tengvik, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Old}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 English}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{
\insrsid10554760 , p. 101 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab The most recent authority does not attempt to choose between the possible Mortagne/Mortains: Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 People}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 296 (JP).
\par \tab \tab Both Mortain (in the French d\'e9partement of Manche) and Mortagne have the same ultimate origin, that is from the name of the tribe of the }{\i\insrsid10554760 Mauritani}{\insrsid10554760 
 from North Africa some of whom settled or were settled in Gaul in Roman times. There is a difference in that Mortain is derived from }{\i\insrsid10554760 Mauritanum }{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 fundum}{\insrsid10554760 
], that is, an estate held by a }{\i\insrsid10554760 Mauritanus}{\insrsid10554760  whereas several places called Mortagne derive from }{\i\insrsid10554760 Mauritania}{\insrsid10554760  ('land of/ inhabited by the }{\i\insrsid10554760 Mauritani}{
\insrsid10554760 ). Medieval forms of Mortain tend to show -}{\i\insrsid10554760 oin}{\insrsid10554760  or -}{\i\insrsid10554760 on}{\insrsid10554760  (}{\i\insrsid10554760 Moretoin}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 c}{\insrsid10554760 . 1025, }{
\i\insrsid10554760 Mauritonio}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 c}{\insrsid10554760 . 1055) for the -}{\i\insrsid10554760 an}{\insrsid10554760 - while those of the several places called Mortagne show -}{\i\insrsid10554760 an-}{\insrsid10554760  (}{
\i\insrsid10554760 Moritaniam}{\insrsid10554760  before 966, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Mauritaniae}{\insrsid10554760  1154; all the early forms are Latin); see Dauzat and Rostaing, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Dictionnaire des Noms de Lieux en France}{
\insrsid10554760 .}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab However, identification is complicated in several ways. In Domesday, when Robert Count of Mortain is described by an adjective it is always }{\i\insrsid10554760 Moritoniensis}{\insrsid10554760 
, whereas the adjective pertaining to Mathew of Mortagne is }{\i\insrsid10554760 Mauritaniensis}{\insrsid10554760  (ESS 53). However, this is not a real distinction as the phrase }{\i\insrsid10554760 de Mauritanio}{\insrsid10554760 
 employing a noun is used of Count Robert in SUF 76,16 and NFK 3 and }{\i\insrsid10554760 de Moritonia}{\insrsid10554760  is used of Matthew (BRK 59. DOR 46. GLS 73. SOM 44. WIL 63) although Matthew is also }{\i\insrsid10554760 de Mauritania}{
\insrsid10554760  in GLS 73,1; the Count is }{\i\insrsid10554760 de Moritania}{\insrsid10554760  in SUF L and (SUF 2) }{\i\insrsid10554760 de Moritonio}{\insrsid10554760  in SUF 2. The -}{\i\insrsid10554760 o}{\insrsid10554760 - and -}{\i\insrsid10554760 
au}{\insrsid10554760 - are interchageable with the -}{\i\insrsid10554760 au}{\insrsid10554760 - gradually becoming -}{\i\insrsid10554760 o}{\insrsid10554760 - in both Mortagne and Mortain (as in Classical Latin }{\i\insrsid10554760 aurum}{
\insrsid10554760  'gold', Medieval Latin }{\i\insrsid10554760 orum}{\insrsid10554760 , which gives French }{\i\insrsid10554760 l'}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 or}{\insrsid10554760 
). The real distinction is in the terminations. Mortain is Latin neuter }{\i\insrsid10554760 Mauritan}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 i}{\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\insrsid10554760 um}{\insrsid10554760 / }{\i\insrsid10554760 Moritan}{\insrsid10554760 [
}{\i\insrsid10554760 i}{\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\insrsid10554760 um}{\insrsid10554760  while Mortagne is a feminine noun }{\i\insrsid10554760 Mauritania}{\insrsid10554760 / }{\i\insrsid10554760 Moritania}{\insrsid10554760  The -}{\i\insrsid10554760 agne}{
\insrsid10554760  termination on Mortagne is derived from the Latin -}{\i\insrsid10554760 ania}{\insrsid10554760 . Count Robert of Mortain occurs frequently in Bates, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\insrsid10554760 
 (see index p. 1104) and Mortain itself is also found there. In the majority of cases the noun is }{\i\insrsid10554760 Moritonium}{\insrsid10554760  or variants on it in the neuter. The fact that }{\i\insrsid10554760 Moretonia}{\insrsid10554760  and }{
\i\insrsid10554760 Moretania}{\insrsid10554760  also occur does not weaken the argument, as these may represent cases where a scribe has Latinized the French name or wrongly extended an abbreviation. The modern name, Mortain, derives from Latin }{
\i\insrsid10554760 Moritan}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 i}{\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\insrsid10554760 ium}{\insrsid10554760 , not from }{\i\insrsid10554760 Moritania}{\insrsid10554760 .
\par \tab \tab A further difficulty is that Tengvik clearly intended Mortagne, but, in a rare lapse, included it in Manche where Mortain lies and where there is no Mortagne. The final problem is that th
ere is more than one place called Mortagne which might claim to be Mathew's place of origin: Mortagne au Perche (d\'e9partement of Orne). Mortagne-du-Nord (d\'e9partement of Nord, arrondissement Valenciennes) There is also a Mortagne-sur-S\'e8
vre in the Vend\'e9e. Of these Dauzat and Rostaing preferred Mortagne-au-Perche.}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab However, the strongest argument that Matthew is not from Mortain is not philological: it seems improbable that anyone other than Robert, Count of Mortain himself or his immediate family could be sty
led 'of Mortain'. The identity of Mortain itself seems well established; the other two places called Mortain in the d\'e9
partement of Manche (Mortain-Bion in the commune of Bion and Mortain-Le Neufbourg in the commune of Le Neufbourg) are not contenders for Count Robert's chief place.}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 53,1\tab EASTON. Identified by }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 555, as Great Easton (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab 120 PIGS. Farley }{\i\insrsid10554760 .xxx}{\insrsid10554760  is in error for }{\i\insrsid10554760 cxx}{\insrsid10554760  (120) of the manuscript, where the text is affected by an ink smudge (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 53,2\tab MARGARETTING. Identified by }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 555, note 4 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab VALUE THEN [***]s. Little Domesday omits the numeral (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 54\tab COUNTESS OF AUMALE. King William's half-sister; see Ellis, }{\i\insrsid10554760 General}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Introduction}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 to}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 
Domesday}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Book}{\insrsid10554760 , i. pp. 366-67 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 54,2\tab OLD HALL. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 Sciddinchov}{\insrsid10554760 ; formerly Sheddon or Sharing Hall in Mistley; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 of}{\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 344. }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 555, note 7, identifies it as Manningtree, adjacent to Mistley (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 55\tab COUNTESS JUDITH. Niece of King William and widow of Earl Waltheof on whom see 55,1 Waltheof note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 55,1\tab EARL WALTHEOF. Of Huntingdon and Northumbria, executed for treason in 1076 (having joined two of his fellow earls in rebellion, one of them Earl Ralph of 21,9 Earl note) (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 56\tab FRODO THE ABBOT'S BROTHER. Brother of Abbot Baldwin of Bury St Edmund's. See also 90,85 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ORDGAR. Frodo's predecessor, who had made the annexation recorded in 90,85 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 56,1\tab 3 [SLAVES]. Little Domesday omits the category, probably }{\i\insrsid10554760 servi}{\insrsid10554760 , }{\i\insrsid10554760 '}{\insrsid10554760 slaves' (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 57\tab SASSELIN. A diminutive of Old German }{\i\insrsid10554760 Saxo}{\insrsid10554760 ; see Forssner, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Continental-Germanic}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Personal Names}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 223 (ARR).}{
\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 57,1\tab STANMER. In Ramsden Bellhouse: }{\i\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 of}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 168 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab CRAYS HILL. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 Winthelle}{\insrsid10554760 . In Ramsden Crays: }{\i\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 of}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{
\insrsid10554760 , pp. 168-69.}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab 2 MEN'S OXEN. That is, \'bc plough belonging to the men (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 57,3\tab LAYER. Probably Layer Breton: }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 556, note 7 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 57,5\tab WARLEY. See 3,11 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab BUT THE JURISDICTION LAY IN ST PAUL'S. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 302 no. 2040.}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 59,1\tab "SCILCHEHAM". The same place as }{\i\insrsid10554760 Sciddeham}{\insrsid10554760 
 (90,82) where William annexed a free man. The name may be related to that of Sheddon or Sharing Hall, the former name of Old Hall (54,2) in Tendring Hundred; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 of}{
\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 344. The spelling is here scribally corrupt (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 60\tab HUGH OF ST QUENTIN. }{\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid10554760 Probably from Saint-Quentin-sur-le-Homme (}{\insrsid10554760 in the French d\'e9partement of }{\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid10554760 
Manche; arrondissement Avranches [canton Ducey]); see Tengvik, }{\i\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid10554760 Old}{\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid10554760  }{\i\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid10554760 English}{
\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid10554760  }{\i\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid10554760 , p. 113 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 60,1\tab WINGE. Probably from Old Danish, Old Swedish }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 vinge}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  'wing'; see von Feilitzen, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 416; Redin, }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Uncompounded Personal Names in Old English}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 128 (ARR).
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab GODWIN [* WOODHEN *]. Called Godwin Woodhen in 90,1 which records the same annexation (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab TOOK AWAY 2 PLACES. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 302 no. 2041 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 60,3\tab THE QUEEN'S ^[MATILDA]^ GIFT. Compare the same phrase in 82,1 where Queen Matilda is meant (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 302 no. 2042 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 61\tab EDMUND SON OF ALGOT. The patronym is either Old Danish, Old Swedish }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Algot}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Algut}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  or Old German }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Adalgot}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Alfgot}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Altgot}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ; see Tengvik, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Old}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
 }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 English}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 170. He also held a mill from the Bishop of London in Stepney, Middlesex (MDX 3,10) (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 61,2\tab AELMER HOLDFAST. The byname is probably Old English (hypothetical) }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Holdfaest}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  'hold fast'; see Tengvik, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Old}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 English}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , pp. 221-22. Probably the same man as Holdfast in 22,3 who also held land in Harlow Half-Hundred before 1066 (ARR).}{
\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 62\tab A SCRIBE of Little Domesday, on folio 94a, line 2, began the }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 T}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  of }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 TERRA}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
 and the paragraph-mark in the heading to ESS 62 two lines too early and abandoned them, wishing to leave space between chapters (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 62,1\tab ALFWARD DORE. The byname is probably Old English }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 dora}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  'humble-bee', but see further Tengvik, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Old}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 English}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , pp. 361-62 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 62,3\tab WULFWIN HAPRA. Tengvik, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Old}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 English}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
, p. 347 suggests a byname derived from Old English (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ge}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 )}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 haep}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  'fit' with an Anglo-Norman suffix. A name such as hypothetical Old English }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Haepp}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  or }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Haeppa}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  is also possible (compare Old German }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Heppo}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , etc.: F\'f6rstemann, }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Personennamen}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 748; see Reaney, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Dictionary}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 of}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 British}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Surnames}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  under }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Happe}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ). Alternatively, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Hapra}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
 might be a misreading of }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Hafra}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , an Anglicized form of Old Scandinavian }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Hafri}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , a byname derived from Old Norse }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 hafr}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  'he-goat', see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Hafr}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Hafri}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  in Fellows Jensen, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Scandinavian}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Personal}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Name}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 s, p. 121 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 'BYRTON'. Lost, in Stanway; see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 of}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
, p. 399 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 62,4\tab "LOHOU". Unidentified, probably Old English hypothetical }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Loh-hoe}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ; the second element is }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 hoh}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
 'a promontory, hill', and the first }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 log}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 loh}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , 'place', perhaps also 'hollow', 'camp', 'lair' (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 63\tab ADAM SON OF DURAND MALZOR. The Latin byname }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 malis}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 operibus}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
 'associated with bad works or evil deeds' corresponds to Old French }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 malesouvres}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ; see Tengvik, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Old}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 English}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 349 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 66\tab WILLIAM THE DEACON. Probably the same as William the bishop's nephew in B3h, see B3h William note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 66,1\tab BEFORE 1066 AND AFTER KING WILLIAM'S ARRIVAL. This is a particularly clear formulation of the tendency of Domesday Book to write Harold's reign out of the historical record, to subject it to 'a legal }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 damnatio memoriae}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ' in George Garnett's phrase: see Garnett, 'Coronation and Propaganda', p. 103 and 1,27 king note, and see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 302 no. 2043 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab WE HAVE RECEIVED ... HAND. Another instance of the use of the first person in Little Domesday, here in the plural and reporting the work of the Domesday Commissioners. Compare 1,3 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 302 no. 2043, who translates 'we have ordered this seizure into the King's hand' (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 66,2\tab HUNDRED OF HINCKFORD. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 hidngfort}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  is in error for }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 hidingfort}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 

\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 67\tab WALTER THE COOK. The \'bd
 hide at Shalford described in 67,1 is probably that mentioned in 1,11 as being held by Walter son of Gilbert, which suggests that these two Walters were identical. See also 90,66 Walter note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 67,2\tab FELLOW. He of 90,65-66 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 68\tab MODWIN. According to von Feilitzen, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 328 this name is Old German }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Modwin}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  rather than an unrecorded Old English }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Modwine}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ; however, he appears to have been the former tenant i
n 70,2, which entry, like 68,6, relates to East Donyland, and this may lend weight to the Old English derivation of his name (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 68,1\tab EDWIN GROAT. The byname is from Old English }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 grut}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , 'groats, coarse meal'; see Tengvik, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Old}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 English}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , pp. 376-77 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 68,2\tab [* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab GEOFFREY BAYNARD TOOK THE OTHERS. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 302 no. 2044 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 68,5\tab ALFWARD. Probably he of 90,69 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 68,6\tab LAGMAN. The name occurs three times in Domesday Book, the other two occurrences being in Yorkshire (YKS 1E40;54). They are unlikely to be connected to this tiny, distant holding (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 68,8\tab 'DERLEIGH'. As 37,20 'Derleigh' note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 69\tab HILBOD [* BROTHER OF ARNULF OF HESDIN *]. The name Hilbod is probably Old German }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Hildebodo}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Hilbod}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ; see Forssner, 
}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Continental-Germanic}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Personal Names}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 162 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 69,2\tab LISTON. Either the manor of Over Hall or that of Netherhall there: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 561, note 7 (ARR).}{
\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab VALUE THEN. In the manuscript the }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 T}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  of }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 T}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 un}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ]}{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 c}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  appears to have been altered from }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 S}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (possibly of }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Semper}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ) (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 

\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 70\tab HAGEBERN. Here Little Domesday has }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Hgheb}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 er}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ni}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
, below in 70,2 }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 hagheb}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 er}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 t}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
]. Old German (hypothetical)}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  Hagabern}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ; see Forssner, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Continental-Germanic}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Personal Names}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
, p. 138. Compare also Hagebert in 1,27. There is persistent confusion in post-Conquest records between similar endings in the names Osbern (Old Norse }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Asbiorn}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ) and Osbert (Old German }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Osbert}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ). Compare also in Domesday Essex the two pairs of names Fridebern 
(30,44;50) and Fridebert (1,22. 18,36. 30,4)and Thorbiorn (20,57. 28,2;5;12. 90,80. B3b) Thorbert (28,17-18) which may also have been confused (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 70,2\tab MODWIN. See ESS 68 Modwin note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab HAGEBERT. See ESS 70 Hagebern note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 71\tab THEODRIC POINTEL. His byname is Old French }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 pointel}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , 'point, sharp instrument'; see Tengvik, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Old}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 English}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , pp. 328-29. At 18,7;19 and 33,4 he is referred to by his byname alone. For his annexations, see 90,4-9 (ARR).}{
\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 71,2\tab HERE. An unusual formulation, unique in Essex (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 71,3\tab BY EXCHANGE ... COGGESHALL. See 90,7-8 for 2 manors obtained by Theodric by a similar exchange (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 302 no. 2045 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab WHICH TEZELIN HELD. Referring to the 1 \'bd hides (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Tezelin (1,10. 3,11) (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 72,2\tab \'bd HIDE AND 30 ACRES. The 3 virgates recorded at 15,1 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 72,3\tab BADDOW. Identified by }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 562 as Great Baddow (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 73,1\tab 30 ACRES. Also mentioned in 15,1 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 74\tab CONSTANTINE. Farley }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 constantini}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  is in error for }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 costantini}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  of the manuscript (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 

\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 76,1\tab ALWIN [* STICKHARE *]. Probably Alwin Stickhare, Robert son of Rozelin's predecessor at Stepney, Middlesex (MDX 16,1) (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab [THEN]. Little Domesday omits }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Tunc}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 77,1\tab [GREAT] BROMLEY. Identified by }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 563 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab "WESTNANETUNA". Unidentified; probably Old English (hypothetical)}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Westmannatune}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
, 'at the estate of the men who live to the west', compare Westmancote, Worcestershire, Ekwall, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Dictionary}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 of}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 English}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , under Westmancote (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 2 HALLS THERE. This statement demonstrates that these two holdings were merged before the Conquest (NH).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab SERVICE. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 seRuitiu}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 m}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ], with }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 R}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  altered from }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 p}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 . The initial misreading was probably due to the similarity of }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 r}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  and }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 p}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  in insular 
minuscule (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab STATED TO HIM. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 302 no. 2046 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 79,1\tab MONKS OF ELY ... THEM. In the Ely land pleas of 1071 x 1075, Reginald }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 milis}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  is stated to hold 6 \'bd hides in [South] Fambridge rightfully belonging to Ely; see }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Inquisitio}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Comitatus}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Cantabrigiensis}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , (Hamilton, p. 193). See also }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
Inquisitio}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Eliensis}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , (Hamilton, p. 128) (ARR).
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 302 no. 2047 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab AFTER KING WILLIAM'S ARRIVAL. See 1,27 king note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 80\tab GUNDWIN. Perhaps the same as Gundwin the chamberlain (SUF 55) and Gundwin the keeper of the granaries (WIL 68,29). The name is Old German }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Gund}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 (}{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 e}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 )}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 win}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ; see Forssner, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Continental-Germanic}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Personal Names}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 135 (ARR).
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab Outside those counties, the only other occurrence of the name is in Leicestershire (40,31) (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 81\tab OTTO THE GOLDSMITH. The craftsman who constructed the bejewelled tomb of King William at Caen; see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
, i. pp. 350-51. See also B3j Otto note and 1,11-12 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 81,1\tab GESTINGTHORPE. The manor of Overhall there; see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 564, note 8 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 

\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab WHEN THE KING GAVE IT [\'a3]15. An unusual formula; see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 302 no. 2048 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 82,1\tab EARL ALGAR. See 1,11 Algar note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab THE QUEEN'S ^[MATILDA]^ GIFT. Probably Queen Matilda, see 1,11 queen note (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , pp. 302-303 no. 2049 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 83\tab GRIM THE REEVE. See also 1,18 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 83,1\tab ONE ... KING. 1 hide had been forfeited to the king for felony and Grim had been in a position, as reeve, to acquire it for himself. Compare 83,2 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See 1,27 king note, and see also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 303 no. 2050 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 83,2\tab COULD NOT PAY ... PERMISSION. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 303 no. 2051 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab HUBERT OF PORT. See 32,29 Hubert note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 84\tab WULFEVA WIFE OF FINN. Wife of Finn the Dane (23,38;43); see }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
, i. pp. 348-49. Her lands were granted to Eudo the steward by King William II in 1099 or 1100: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Early Charters of Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 51 no. 124 [= }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , i no. 442, p. 109] (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 84,1\tab LORDSHIP; 1 VILLAGER. Little Domesday repeats }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 7}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  where the text goes from recto to verso of the folio (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab NOW THERE HAVE BEEN ADDED. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 303 no. 2052 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab THESE 3 HIDES. In the manuscript }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 hid}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 is}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] has been altered from }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 his}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 . The scribe had here repeated the previous word by mistake (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 88,2\tab THE KING'S CUSTOMARY DUE. Alternatively, 'the customary due to the king}{\up6\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 '}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 89,1\tab HUNDRED REEVE. See 32,25 hundred-reeve note (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 303 no. 2053 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 89,2\tab ROBERT OF MONTBEGON ANNEXED IT. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 303 no. 2054 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 89,3\tab RICHARD. Probably he at 28,12;17-18 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab HAIMO ^[THE STEWARD]^. The steward (ESS 28) (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab STILL HAS THE BOOTY. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 303 no. 2055 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 90\tab ANNEXATIONS. This chapter records instances of unlawful occupation of lands in Essex, brought to light by the Domesday Survey. The entries fall into groups associated with particular institutions
 and individuals almost all of which are named as Landholders or undertenants in preceding chapters (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 90,1\tab THIS ENTRY and the next three (90,1-4) are by a different scribe to the one who wrote most of the rest of the county. He also wrote ESS B (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab GODWIN WOODHEN. See 9,5 Woodhen note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab ANNEXED 2 PLACES. See 60,1 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 303 no. 2056 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab GIVEN A PLEDGE FOR THEM. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 303 no. 2056 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 90,2\tab ANNEXED 3 VIRGATES. See 9,5 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 303 no. 2057 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab GIVEN A PLEDGE. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 303 no. 2057 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 90,3\tab DUNTON. This place is adjacent to Horndon-on-the-Hill (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab BELONG TO THE KING UNDISPUTED. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 303 no. 2058, who translates 'remain the King's in peace' (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 

\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 90,4\tab [LITTLE] THURROCK. Identified by }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Gazetteer}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab VALUE THEN 41s. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 .xl.i}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 s}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 olidos}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ]}{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 .}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ; it is not absolutely certain however that the stroke before }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 s}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 olidos}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
] should be taken as the number }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 i}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , rather than an anticipation of }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 s}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  of }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 s}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 olidos}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ]. 40s would be more to be expected as a value than 41s (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab THEODRIC POINTEL. See ESS 71 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab ANNEXED ... KING'S HAND. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 303 no. 2059 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 90,5\tab ALSO ANNEXED. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , pp. 303-304 no. 2060 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 90,6\tab BEFORE THESE PLEAS. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 p}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 rius}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 qua}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 m}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 hec}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 placita}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 fierent}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
; that is, before the Domesday Survey (ARR).
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 304 no. 2061 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 90,7\tab ANNEXED [LITTLE] STAMBRIDGE. Identified by }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 566, note 18 (ARR).
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 304 no. 2062 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 90,8\tab ROBERT ... HIM. Interlined, preceded by an insertion-mark in the form of a colon. In the manuscript this mark is repeated after }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 sol}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 idos}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] but is not shown by Farley (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab EXCHANGE ... COGGESHALL. See 71,3 for another 1 \'bd hides obtained by Theodric by a similar exchange (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 304 no. 2062 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 90,9\tab "MIDEBROC". Unidentified; either Old English (hypothetical)}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  Midelbroc}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  'marsh-meadow in the middle' or Old English (hypothetical) }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
Mythe-broc}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  or }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Mythan-broc}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  'marsh-meadow at a confluence' (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab ANNEXED 20 ACRES. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 304 no. 2063 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab CHURCH OF HOLY TRINITY, CANTERBURY. See ESS 2 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 LIST 6\tab RANULF PEVEREL. See ESS 34 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 90,10\tab 3 HIDES LESS 15 AC
RES. That is, 2 hides and 105 acres. This had apparently become 2 hides and 110 acres by 1086 (2 hides and 80 acres + 30 acres), unless there is an error of computation here. Ranulf also held another 2 hides and 90 acres (254 hides and 30 acres) there, se
e 34,6 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 304 no. 2064 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 90,11\tab ANNEXED 30 ACRES. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 304 no. 2065 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 90,12\tab STANSGATE. See 34,26 for other land here held by Ralph son of Brian from Ranulf (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 304 no. 2066 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 90,13\tab HENNY. Identified by }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
, i. p. 567 as Great Henny. See 34,21 for other land here held by Thorold from Ranulf. Compare 90,44 (ARR).
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 304 no. 2067 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 90,14\tab LAMARSH. See 34,22 for land as in 90,13 Henny note. Compare 90,45 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab FREE LAND. Taking }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 lib}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 er}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 e}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  of Little Domesday to stand for }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 lib}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 er}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ae}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , agreeing with }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 t}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 er}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 rae}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (ARR).
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 304 no. 2068 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 90,15\tab HUGH DE MONTFORT. See ESS 27 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab WILLIAM SON OF GROSS. Hugh's tenant at Kelvedon in 27,2 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab HUGH ... ANNEXED 1 FREE MAN. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 304 no. 2069 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab WILLIAM ... 10 FREE MEN. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 304 no. 2069 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 90,16\tab ANNEXED ... 4 FREE MAN. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 304 no. 2069 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 90,17\tab HUNDRED OF LEXDEN. Hugh held Markshall (27,13) in this hundred, adjacent to Feering (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab ANNEXED ... 3 FREE MAN. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 304 no. 2070 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab FEERING. See 6,8 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 90,18\tab 15 ACRES OF LAND. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 305 no. 2071 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 90,19\tab BELONGED TO HAVERING[-ATTE-BOWER]. The king's manor, see 1,4 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 305 no. 2072 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab ST PETER'S, WESTMINSTER. See ESS 5 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\lang1036\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp1036\insrsid10554760 LIST 9\tab G[EOFFREY] DE MANDEVILLE. See ESS 30 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,20\tab MASHBURY. See 30,13 for Geoffrey's other land here (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ANNEXED ... KING'S DESPITE. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 305 no. 2073 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,21\tab [LITTLE] CANFIELD. Richard held land from Geoffrey at Little Canfield (30,38) (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ANNEXED ... KING'S DESPITE. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 305 no. 2074 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,22\tab ROCKELL'S FARM. Formerly }{\i\insrsid10554760 'Wyggepet'}{\insrsid10554760 , }{\i\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 of}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 
, pp. 526-27 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 305 no. 2075 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,24\tab IN WENDENS. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 305 no. 2076 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,25\tab FARNHAM. The manor of Earlsbury there; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 568, note 10; }{\i\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\insrsid10554760 of}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , pp. 550-51 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab NOW 4 MEN-AT-ARMS HOLD. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 305 no. 2077 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,26\tab STAMBOURNE. The manor of Moone Hall there; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 568, note 11 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab A FREE MAN HELD. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 305 no. 2078 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,27\tab "WESUUNIC". Perhaps the same place as that called }{\i\insrsid10554760 Wenesuuic}{\insrsid10554760 
 in 30,51, although the 6 free men are not necessarily the same in both entries, there being a different amount of land and a different 1066 value. However, it may be a different place and a different name; perhaps Old English (hypothetical) }{
\i\insrsid10554760 Wesu-wic}{\insrsid10554760  'farm, etc. at a wet place', from }{\i\insrsid10554760 wese}{\insrsid10554760  'soaked' and }{\i\insrsid10554760 wic}{\insrsid10554760 , or Old English (hypothetical) }{\i\insrsid10554760 Wesung-wic}{
\insrsid10554760  'factory where soaking (e.g. of flax, dyeing, etc.) is carried on', from }{\i\insrsid10554760 wesung}{\insrsid10554760  the gerund of Old English }{\i\insrsid10554760 wesan}{\insrsid10554760  'to soak' and }{\i\insrsid10554760 wic}{
\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab 6 FREE MEN BEFORE 1066. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 305 no. 2079 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,28\tab GODWIN SECH. The byname is probably from Old English }{\i\insrsid10554760 saec}{\insrsid10554760  'sack', rather than Old French }{\i\insrsid10554760 sec}{\insrsid10554760  'dry, withered'; compare Tengvik, }{
\i\insrsid10554760 Old}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 English}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\insrsid10554760 , pp. 333-34 and Alwin Sack, Bedfordshire (BDF 4,5) (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab 15 ACRES IN ESGER [* THE CONSTABLE *]'s HOLDING. See 30,2 Esger note, and see also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 305 no. 2080 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,29\tab HUGH OF BERNIERES. See 30,28-30 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab USED TO HOLD 37 ACRES. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 305 no. 2081 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,30\tab 'PLESINGHO'. As 20,18 'Plesingho' note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab HELD. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 tenut}{\insrsid10554760  is in error for }{\i\insrsid10554760 tenuit}{\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab HUMPHREY GOLDENBOLLOCKS. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 humfrid}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 us}{\insrsid10554760 ] }{\i\insrsid10554760 aurei}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 testiculi}{\insrsid10554760 
; see Tengvik, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Old}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 English}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 285. Perhaps a nickname for a man who had sired many children (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ANNEXED IN THE KING'S DESPITE. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 305 no. 2082 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,31\tab WIGBOROUGH. Identified by }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 569, note 3 as Little Wigborough. For Haimo's land here see 28,9 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab HAIMO THE STEWARD. See ESS 28 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ADDED 2 FREEMEN. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , pp. 305-306 no. 2083 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,32\tab NORTHEY ISLAND. As 28,12 Northey note (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 306 no. 2084 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,33\tab STAMBOURNE. See 28,11 for Hamo's land here (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab 40 ACRES ... 40s. Interlined in the manuscript (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab AND STILL HAVE. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 306 no. 2085 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,34\tab WILLIAM CARDON. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 Cardun}{\insrsid10554760 , see 10,5 William note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab APPROPRIATED 1 FREEMAN. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 306 no. 2086 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab CHISHILL. Held by William from Geoffrey de Mandeville (30,46) (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 LIST 14\tab SWEIN ^[OF ESSEX]^. See ESS 24 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,35\tab "BERTUNA". Unidentified, Old English }{\i\insrsid10554760 bere-tun}{\insrsid10554760 , 'outlier'.}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab [* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ROBERT SON OF WIUHOMARCH. See 24,1 Robert note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ANNEXED ... AFTER 1066. See 3,8 after note, and see also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 306 no. 2087 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,36\tab AUBREY DE VERE. See ESS 35 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ANNEXED 1 \'bd HIDES. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 306 no. 2088 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,37\tab SMALTON. In Castle Hedingham (compare 35,5); see }{\i\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 of}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 440 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 

\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab A FREE MAN HELD. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 306 no. 2089 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,38\tab [LITTLE] MAPLESTEAD. Identified thus by }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 569. Aubrey's wife held 'Napsted' here from Odo of Bayeux (18,21) (ARR).}{
\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab AUBREY DE VERE'S WIFE. See also 18,21;24 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ANNEXED 5 FREE MEN ... 3s. Interlined in the manuscript (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 306 no. 2090 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,39\tab RALPH BAYNARD. See ESS 33 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab HENHAM. For Ralph Baynard's land here (13 \'bd hides less 10 acres) see 33,19. Ralph's two holdings here would amount to 14 hides (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 306 no. 2091 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,40\tab COUPALS FARM. As 23,23 Coupals note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab 6 FREE MEN HELD. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 306 no. 2092 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab AFTER THIS ENTRY, the manuscript has a gap of about two lines. This gap is introduced in the Ordnance Survey facsimile by a paragraph-mark, not shown by Farley since in the manuscript it has been erased (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 

\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,41\tab GIVEN A PLEDGE. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 306 no. 2093 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab 3s. }{\i\insrsid10554760 x}{\insrsid10554760  corrected to }{\i\insrsid10554760 iii}{\insrsid10554760 ; so in the manuscript (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,42\tab RALPH LATIMER. He is named in the }{\i\insrsid10554760 Inquisitio}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Comitatus}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Cantabrigiensis}{\insrsid10554760 
 as Ely Abbey's tenant at Hardwick in 1086 (CAM 5,37 Ralph note), and may be identical with the Ralph who held Albury (HRT 4,11), adjacent to Farnham from the Bishop of London in 1086 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab GIVEN A PLEDGE. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 306 no. 2094 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,43\tab FOR THE LAST THREE LINES of folio 101a (containing entries 90,43-44) Farley's tapering of the right-hand margin reflects a repair in the manuscript, also affecting 
the left-hand margin at the foot of folio 101b; see 90,52 then note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab "LIFFILDEUUELLA". Old English }{\i\insrsid10554760 Leofhildewella}{\insrsid10554760 , 'Leofhild's spring'. Unidentified, but possibly associated with Levit's Corner in Pebmarsh, see }{\i\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{
\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 of}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 447 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab 1 FREE MAN HELD. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 306 no. 2095 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,44\tab HELD ... AND STILL HOLD. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 306 no. 2096 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,45\tab TUROLD. Ranulf Peverel's undertenant at Great Henny and Lamarsh, 34,21-22. Compare also 90,13-14 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab HELD ... AND STILL HOLD. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 306 no. 2097 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,46\tab 10 \'bd ACRES. Little Domesday repeats 'and', using both the tironian }{\i\insrsid10554760 nota}{\insrsid10554760  and the ampersand (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab 7 FREE MEN HELD. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 307 no. 2098 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab JOHN. Son of Waleran, see ESS 40. For his land at Henny held from him by Roger, see 40,4 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,47\tab HELD. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 ten'}{\insrsid10554760 , probably for }{\i\insrsid10554760 ten}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 uit}{\insrsid10554760 ] (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab WALERAN ^[FATHER OF JOHN]^ ANNEXED. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 307 no. 2099 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab NOW 40. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 xl}{\insrsid10554760  is almost certainly an error (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,48\tab LEODMER OF HEMPSTEAD ... RICHARD. Leodmer is called Leodmer the reeve in 90,76 which refers to the same annexation. He was the reeve of Richard son of Count Gilbert, who held Hempstead (23,41) in 1086 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 307 nos. 2100 and 2124 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab BRAINTREE. Probably Sandpit Leet; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 570, note 19 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 LIST 24\tab RICHARD SON OF COUNT GILBERT. See ESS 23 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,49\tab AELMER OF BORLEY. Compare 90,55 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab AELFRIC OF ALDERFORD. Richard held 36 acres at Alderford (23,11) (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab NOW GOISMER HOLDS. See 23,7 Goismer note (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 307 no. 2101 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab 5 ACRES. Probably of meadow, if Little Domesday has omitted }{\i\insrsid10554760 prati}{\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,50\tab ARNOLD. Probably he of 23,3;8-9 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab FINCHINGFIELD. See 23,9 for 38 acres here, held by Arnold from Richard (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 307 no. 2102 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,51\tab \'bd HIDE WHICH ARNOLD HOLDS. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 307 no. 2103 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,52\tab HORSEHAM [HALL]. See also 90,75 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab NOW WIDELARD HOLDS. Probably he of 23,10;42 and 90,75 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 307 no. 2104 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab THEN AND LATER 1 PLOUGH. For the tapering shown by Farley for the last three lines of this folio (101b) corresponding to the last half of entry 90,52 and the first half of 90,53, see 90,43 lines note.}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,53\tab HOWE. See 23,15 Howe note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab GERMUND. Richard's tenant in 23,15 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab HOLDS 37 \'bd ACRES. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 307 no. 2105 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab WHICH COLMAN. Little Domesday repeats }{\i\insrsid10554760 q}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 uo}{\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\insrsid10554760 d}{\insrsid10554760  where the text begins a new folio (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,54\tab YELDHAM. Richard held Great Yeldham (23,7) (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab BERNARD HOLDS 40 ACRES. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 307 no. 2106 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,55\tab BORLEY. Compare Aelmer of Borley in 90,49 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ANSKETIL HOLDS \'bd HIDE. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 307 no. 2107 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab FREE MEN. Although Godiva was a woman, she could still technically be termed a }{\i\insrsid10554760 liber}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 homo}{\insrsid10554760  in relation to her status (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,56\tab TOPPESFIELD. Probably the manor of Scoteneys there; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 571, note 11; }{\i\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\insrsid10554760 of}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 464, under Scotney's Farm (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab RALPH HOLDS 15 ACRES. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 307 no. 2108 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,57\tab TOPPESFIELD. see 90,56 Toppesfield note.}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab G. HOLDS 15 ACRES. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 307 no. 2109 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,58\tab CORNISH HALL. Formerly 'Norton'; see }{\i\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 of}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , pp. 426-27 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab MASCEREL. See 23,14 Mascerel note (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 307 no. 2110 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,59\tab PEBMARSH. See 23,18 for Richard's land here (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,60\tab ALPHAMSTONE. See 23,19 for Richard's land here (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab HOLD. Either Old English }{\i\insrsid10554760 hold}{\insrsid10554760  masculine, 'holder of allodial land'; or Old English}{\i\insrsid10554760  hold}{\insrsid10554760  'gracious, friendly, faithful': see von Feilitzen, }{
\i\insrsid10554760 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 291 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,61\tab [STEEPLE] BUMPSTEAD. See 23,21 for Richard's land here (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,63\tab ALL THESE. The men named in 90,59-63. }{\i\insrsid10554760 on's}{\insrsid10554760  is a Little Domesday error for }{\i\insrsid10554760 om's}{\insrsid10554760 , }{\i\insrsid10554760 om}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 ne
}{\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\insrsid10554760 s}{\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab THE ABOVE-MENTIONED MEN. Either those in 90,59-63 or all the pre-1066 free men in 90,49-63 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , pp. 307-308 no. 2111 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab WIHTGAR. The predecessor of Richard son of Count Gilbert, see 90,64 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,64\tab ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *]. See 20,77 where he is said to have held 4 \'bd hides at Bendysh [Hall] before Count Eustace (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also 20,1 Engelric note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ANNEXED ... AFTER THE KING CAME. See 1,27 king note, and see also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 308 no. 2112 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,65\tab BARDFIELD. Identified by }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 572 as Great Bardfield. For Richard's land there, see 23,39 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab AFTER THE KING CAME. See 1,27 king note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab PREDECESSOR DID NOT HOLD. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 308 no. 2113 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,65\tab FELLOW. He of 67,2 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,66\tab "HOCSENGA". This is a Farley error for }{\i\insrsid10554760 hoosenga}{\insrsid10554760  of the manuscript. Unidentified, perhaps Old English (hypothetical) }{\i\insrsid10554760 hosinge}{\insrsid10554760 
 'place having to do with an association or company of people', from Old English }{\i\insrsid10554760 hos}{\insrsid10554760 ; see Beowulf line 924 [Wrenn, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Beowulf and the Finnesburg Fragment}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 132] (ARR).}{
\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab FELLOW. He of 67,2 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab AS ... ABOVE-MENTIONED LAND. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 308 no. 2114 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab WALTER. Possibly Walter the cook (ESS 67) who succeeded Fellow at Ashwell (67,2) (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,67\tab "HASINGHAM". Unidentified, Old English }{\i\insrsid10554760 Hasing-ham}{\insrsid10554760  or }{\i\insrsid10554760 Hasing-hamm}{\insrsid10554760 , 'Hasu's estate or Hasu's enclosure', compare Ekwall, }{\i\insrsid10554760 
Dictionary}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 of}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 English}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Place-Names}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 224, under}{\i\insrsid10554760  }{\insrsid10554760 Hassingham, Norfolk (ARR).}
{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab HOWEVER ... PATRONAGE. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 308 no. 2115 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,68\tab LUTTING. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 Luttin}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 us}{\insrsid10554760 ]; see von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid10554760 
, p. 322 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab COLNE. For Richard's holding there, see 23,34 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab NO CUSTOMARY DUE NOR PATRONAGE. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 308 no. 2116 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,69\tab ALFWARD HELD. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 ten&}{\insrsid10554760  is in error for }{\i\insrsid10554760 tenuit}{\insrsid10554760 . Alfward is probably the pre-1066 tenant named in 68,5 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 308 no. 2117, who silently corrects the Latin (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab THE OTHER LAND. That in 90,68 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 308 no. 2118 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,70\tab [WEST] BERGHOLT. For Richard's holding there, see 23,36 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab THE OTHER LAND. That in 90,68 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,71\tab COLNE. As 90,68 Colne note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab HELD 5 ACRES FREELY. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 308 no. 2119 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab THE OTHERS. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 alios}{\insrsid10554760 , probably agreeing with }{\i\insrsid10554760 locos}{\insrsid10554760  'places' (understood); those in 90,69-70 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,72\tab FORDHAM. For Richard's holding there, see 23,35 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab TOVILD. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 Touillda}{\insrsid10554760 ; Old Norse (hypothetical) }{\i\insrsid10554760 Tofa-Hildr}{\insrsid10554760 , 'Hildr the daughter of T}{\i\insrsid10554760 \'f3}{\insrsid10554760 
fi'; see von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 384 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab HELD 3 ACRES. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 308 no. 2120 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab THE OTHERS. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 alios}{\insrsid10554760 , probably agreeing with }{\i\insrsid10554760 locos}{\insrsid10554760  'places' (understood); those in 90,69-70 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,73\tab [WEST] BERGHOLT. As 90,70 Bergholt note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab 2 OXEN. That is, 1/4 plough (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab HELD 6 ACRES. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 308 no. 2121 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,74\tab HALSTEAD. For Richard's holding there, see 23,26 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ACQUIRED THOSE PENCE. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 308-309 no. 2122 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,75\tab HORSEHAM [HALL] ... WIDELARD. See also 90,52 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab HAS HAD THE SERVICE. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 309 no. 2123 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,76\tab BRAINTREE ... LEODMER. See 90,48 Braintree note and 90,48 Leodmer note (ARR).
\par \tab \tab The entry at 90,48 is a duplicate, with variations of phraseology. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 309 nos. 2100 and 2124 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,77\tab WARNER. Probably he of 23,2. He had given the tithes of this land to the Abbey of Bec by 1086, see }{\i\insrsid10554760 Early Charters of Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 34 no. 78 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab HILBOD [* BROTHER OF ARNULF OF HESDIN *]. See ESS 69 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab LATER ON ... A PROTECTOR. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 309 no. 2125 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,78\tab GIVEN A PLEDGE. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 309 no. 2126 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,79\tab MONKS OF CANTERBURY. See ESS 2 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab LAWLING. For the monks' manor there, see 2,4 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ADDED ... AFTER 1066. See 3,8 after note, and see also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 307 no. 2127 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,80\tab THORBIORN WITHOUT ... GIFT. The king had not granted them to him (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 309 no. 2128 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,81\tab HENRY OF FERRERS. See ESS 29 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab STEEPLE. For Henry's holding there, see 29,3 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 309 no. 2129 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,82\tab W[ILLIAM] LEOFRIC. See ESS 59 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ANNEXED 1 FREE MAN. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 309 no. 2130 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab "SCIDDEHAM". The same place as }{\i\insrsid10554760 Scilcheham}{\insrsid10554760  in 59,1 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab VALUE 12d. Farley omits to show a gap in the text, caused by an erasure in the manuscript, between }{\i\insrsid10554760 val}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 et}{\insrsid10554760 ] and }{\i\insrsid10554760 .xii.}{
\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 d}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 enarios}{\insrsid10554760 ]. The text erased is }{\i\insrsid10554760 ii}{\insrsid10554760 . }{\i\insrsid10554760 sol}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 idi}{
\insrsid10554760 ] (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,83\tab ROBERT BLUNT. See 35,5 Robert note (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ANNEXED 10 ACRES. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 309 no. 2131 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,84\tab R[OBERT] MALET. See ESS 44 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ANNEXED 15 ACRES. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 309 no. 2132 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,85\tab FRODO THE ABBOT'S BROTHER. See ESS 56 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab STEVINGTON [END]. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 Staumtuna}{\insrsid10554760  is in error for }{\i\insrsid10554760 Stauintuna}{\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab DWELT IN THE KING'S JURISDICTION. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 309 no. 2133 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,86\tab ROGER OF AUBERVILLE. See ESS 26 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab CHISHILL. For Roger's holding there, see 26,5 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab BECAUSE ... IN POSSESSION. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 309 no. 2134 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 90,87\tab ONGAR. For Count Eustace's holding here (in Ongar Hundred), see 20,46. The 15 acres were presumably a detached part of the manor of Ongar, perhaps for sheep-rearing (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 310 no. 2135 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 B\tab THIS SECTION is written by the same scribe as 90,1-4 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 B1\tab GODRIC ^[OF COLCHESTER]^. Probably Godric of Colchester (20,42) (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab 4 PIECES OF LAND. Little Domesday has }{\i\insrsid10554760 .iiii. mansiones.}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 t}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 er}{\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\insrsid10554760 rae}{\insrsid10554760  (ARR).

\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 310 no. 2136 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab VALUE ... 30s. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 ualit}{\insrsid10554760  is in error for }{\i\insrsid10554760 ualet}{\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 B2\tab LEXDEN. See also 1,19 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 310 no. 2136 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab GODRIC ^[OF COLCHESTER]^. Probably Godric of Colchester (20,42) (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab CITY'S LEVY. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 Cootu}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 m}{\insrsid10554760 ] }{\i\insrsid10554760 ciuitatis}{\insrsid10554760  is almost certainly a misreading of }{\i\insrsid10554760 scotu}
{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 m}{\insrsid10554760 ] }{\i\insrsid10554760 ciuitatis}{\insrsid10554760 , compare 3,16. }{\i\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Essex}{\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 574, note 15, emends to }{
\i\insrsid10554760 compotum}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 civitatis}{\insrsid10554760 , 'account of the city' (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 B3a\tab WULFSTAN EADLAC. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 eudlac}{\insrsid10554760 , Tengvik, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Old}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 English}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{
\insrsid10554760 , p. 217, takes the byname to be a side-form of Old English }{\i\insrsid10554760 Eadlac}{\insrsid10554760 , resting on a derivation from an hypothetical archaic form }{\i\insrsid10554760 eud-}{\insrsid10554760 
 which is unlikely at this date; a palaeographical confusion between }{\i\insrsid10554760 ea}{\insrsid10554760  and }{\i\insrsid10554760 eu}{\insrsid10554760  is more probable (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab LEOFWIN CRIST. Tengvik, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Old}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 English}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\insrsid10554760 
, p. 308, interprets the byname as Old West Scandinavian (hypothetical) }{\i\insrsid10554760 krist}{\insrsid10554760  'cheep, peep', possibly applying to someone with a squeaky voice (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab MANWIN. There are nine occurrences of the name Manwin in this entry, but the name does not appear anywhere else in Domesday (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab HARDEKIN. Farley }{\i\insrsid10554760 Herdedun}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 us}{\insrsid10554760 ] is in error for }{\i\insrsid10554760 Herdechin}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 us}{\insrsid10554760 
] of the manuscript, from Old German (hypothetical) }{\i\insrsid10554760 Hardekin}{\insrsid10554760 ; see von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 286 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab LEOFWOLD. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 Leuot}{\insrsid10554760 , from Old English }{\i\insrsid10554760 Leofwald}{\insrsid10554760 ; see von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{
\insrsid10554760 , p. 316 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab GODWIN WEAKFEET. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 uuachefet}{\insrsid10554760 , probably an original Old English byname (hypothetical) }{\i\insrsid10554760 Wacfet}{\insrsid10554760 , 'weak feet'; see Tengvik, }{
\i\insrsid10554760 Old}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 English}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\insrsid10554760 , pp. 339-40 (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab BLANC. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 Blanc}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 us}{\insrsid10554760 ]. Compare Demiblanc 35,8 etc (ARR).
\par \tab \tab This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab LEOFSEXE. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 Leffesse}{\insrsid10554760  standing for }{\i\insrsid10554760 Lefsesse}{\insrsid10554760  from Old English }{\i\insrsid10554760 Leofsexe}{\insrsid10554760 
, an Anglo-Scandinavian hybrid of Old English }{\i\insrsid10554760 Leof}{\insrsid10554760  and Old Scandinavian }{\i\insrsid10554760 Saxi}{\insrsid10554760 ; see von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{
\insrsid10554760 , p. 352) (ARR).
\par \tab \tab This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab FREOND. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 Frent}{\insrsid10554760 , see von Feilitzen, 'Unrecorded Old and Middle English Personal Names', p. 80 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab SAEWARU. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 Saluare}{\insrsid10554760 , from Old English (feminine) }{\i\insrsid10554760 Saewaru}{\insrsid10554760 ; see von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid10554760 
Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 353 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab GRIMULF <OF COLCHESTER>. The name Grimulf occurs on five holdings in Domesday Book. The one urban holding is unlikely to be connected to the distant rural Grimulfs in south-east Suffolk (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab BY AGREEMENT. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 consilio}{\insrsid10554760 , perhaps meaning here 'by mutual estimation' (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 310 nos. 2137 and 2138 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab NOT. From Old English }{\i\insrsid10554760 hnott}{\insrsid10554760 , 'bald-headed', see von Feilitzen, 'Unrecorded Old and Middle English personal names', p. 83 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab SHED-BUTTER. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 Scadebutre}{\insrsid10554760 , an Old English nickname from }{\i\insrsid10554760 butere}{\insrsid10554760  'butter' and }{\i\insrsid10554760 sceadan}{\insrsid10554760 
 'to separate, divide, give off' etc. Compare Middle English }{\i\insrsid10554760 Sparebutter}{\insrsid10554760  in Reaney, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Origin}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 of}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 English}{
\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Surnames}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 288 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab BLAECSTAN. From Old English }{\i\insrsid10554760 blaec}{\insrsid10554760  meaning 'black' or 'dark', or possibly Old English }{\i\insrsid10554760 blac}{\insrsid10554760  meaning 'bright' 'shining' or 'pale', and }{
\i\insrsid10554760 stan}{\insrsid10554760  meaning 'stone'; see von Feilitzen }{\i\insrsid10554760 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid10554760 
, pp. 203, 371. This name occurs three times in the entry, but these are the only examples in Domesday Book (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab WULFGITH. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 Vued}{\insrsid10554760 , from Old English (feminine) }{\i\insrsid10554760 Wulfgyth}{\insrsid10554760 , compare von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid10554760 
Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid10554760 , pp. 420, 280 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab GOLDRIC. This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab CALEBOT. This may be in error for Old French }{\i\insrsid10554760 Talebot}{\insrsid10554760  (see Geoffrey Talbot, 47,1 Geoffrey note), but may be a hitherto unrecorded Old German name }{\i\insrsid10554760 Galabod}{
\insrsid10554760 , }{\i\insrsid10554760 Calabod}{\insrsid10554760  (compare F\'f6rstemann, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Personennamen}{\insrsid10554760 , pp. 590-91) (ARR).
\par \tab \tab This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab WINEMAR <OF COLCHESTER>. 
The name Winemar occurs on almost three dozen holdings in Domesday Book, probably representing five individuals. The Winemar who held a house in Colchester, without attached land, is unlikely to be the same individual as any of his distant namesakes, desp
ite his uncommon name (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab DEORMANN [*OF LONDON *]. This Deormann is probably he holding from the Archbishop of Canterbury at Keston in }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Monachorum}{\insrsid10554760 
, subsequently recorded as a knight of the archbishop: see Douglas, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Monachorum}{\insrsid10554760 , pp. 62-63, 104; and Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday People}{\insrsid10554760 
, pp. 177; see also KEN 3,1 sulungs note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab DUBLEL. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 DuHel}{\insrsid10554760  is very probably an error for }{\i\insrsid10554760 Dublel}{\insrsid10554760 , an Old French byname meaning 'the double, the twin'; see Tengvik, }{
\i\insrsid10554760 Old}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 English}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 375 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab GODDAY. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 Goddae}{\insrsid10554760 ; this may be an Old English byname from }{\i\insrsid10554760 god}{\insrsid10554760  + }{\i\insrsid10554760 daege}{\insrsid10554760 
 meaning 'good maidservant' or one from }{\i\insrsid10554760 god-daeg}{\insrsid10554760  'good day' (someone who gives a cheery greeting); see Reaney, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Dictionary}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 of}{\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\insrsid10554760 British}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Surnames}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 150 }{\i\insrsid10554760 under}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Goodday}{\insrsid10554760 
. Alternatively an Old English masculine personal name (hypothetical)}{\i\insrsid10554760 God-daeg}{\insrsid10554760  is also possible (ARR).
\par \tab \tab This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab GOTI CHILL. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 Got}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 cill'}{\insrsid10554760 . Got is from Old Norse }{\i\insrsid10554760 Gautr}{\insrsid10554760 , Old Danish }{\i\insrsid10554760 G\'f8t}{
\insrsid10554760 , see von Feilitzen, 'Personal of the Winton Domesday', p. 160; }{\i\insrsid10554760 cill'}{\insrsid10554760  is from Old English }{\i\insrsid10554760 cielle}{\insrsid10554760 
 'chill', as a byname meaning 'the cold one'; compare Tengvik, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Old}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 English}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 300. There were three Colc
hester burgesses with the forename }{\i\insrsid10554760 Got}{\insrsid10554760 , each distinguished by a byname; the other two were Goti Hugh and Goti Fleet (also in B3a) (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab STAN. Old English (masculine)}{\i\insrsid10554760  stan}{\insrsid10554760 , 'stone'; see von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 371. 
This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ORDGEAT. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 Oriet}{\insrsid10554760 (}{\i\insrsid10554760 ur}{\insrsid10554760 ) probably in error for }{\i\insrsid10554760 Oriet}{\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\insrsid10554760 us}{\insrsid10554760 
]. See von Feilitzen, 'Unrecorded Old and Middle English personal names', p. 86 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ALFSTAN. Old English }{\i\insrsid10554760 Aelfstan}{\insrsid10554760 , variant form of }{\i\insrsid10554760 Alstan}{\insrsid10554760 , a reasonably common name in Domesday Book, see von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid10554760 
Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid10554760 , pp. 152-53. This name occurs twice in the entry, but these are the only occurrences of the name in this form (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab GODSON. This name appears in the entry three times, but they are the only occurrences in Domesday Book (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab "ELEBOLT". Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 Elebolt}{\insrsid10554760 ; Old English }{\i\insrsid10554760 Aethelbeald}{\insrsid10554760 , }{\i\insrsid10554760 Ethelbald}{\insrsid10554760 , }{\i\insrsid10554760 Ethelbold}{
\insrsid10554760 , compare Selt\'e9n, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Middle}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 English}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Personal}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Name}{\insrsid10554760 s, p. 25 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab This is the only occurrence of this form of the name in Domesday Book. A related form, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Ailbold}{\insrsid10554760 , appear
s in SUF 14,39 as Albold the priest, who is possibly identical to Albold the cleric of SUF 14,13. Another form, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Albold,}{\insrsid10554760 
 also appears in MDX 10,2 and as Albold the cook in HAM 1,8. All held land in 1086, but the geographical distribution and a distinguishin
g byname suggest that Albold the cook is a separate individual. Although the holdings of Aethelbald, Albold the cleric or priest and Albold of MDX 10,2 are slightly closer to each other, there are no apparent tenurial links between them. Although the name
 is uncommon, they may be separate individuals. See Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday People}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 133-34 (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab AELBERT <OF COLCHESTER>. Pre-Conquest landowners with names sometimes rendered as 'Albert' occur eight times and can be identified as four individuals, one of
 whom was the important post-Conquest landowner Albert of Lorraine (BDF 49,1. MDX 7,1). The house of }{\cf1\insrsid10554760 Aelbert (}{\i\cf1\insrsid10554760 Ailbriest}{\cf1\insrsid10554760 
) of Colchester was probably his only property since it was remote from the holdings of any other Aelbert. He was the only post-Conquest landowner bearing this form of the name and so was probably a survivor}{\insrsid10554760  (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 

\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab TATE. Either Old English }{\i\insrsid10554760 Tat}{\insrsid10554760 (}{\i\insrsid10554760 a}{\insrsid10554760 ), masculine, or }{\i\insrsid10554760 Taete}{\insrsid10554760 , feminine; Redin, }{\i\cf1\insrsid10554760 
Uncompounded Personal Names in Old English}{\insrsid10554760 , pp. 54,114 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab BEARD. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 Berda}{\insrsid10554760 , from the Old English personal name }{\i\insrsid10554760 Bearda}{\insrsid10554760 
 (von Feilitzen, 'Unrecorded Old and Middle English personal names', p. 74 and 'Personal names of the Winton Domesday', p. 208; compare Reaney, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Dictionary}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 of}{\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\insrsid10554760 British}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Surnames}{\insrsid10554760 , under }{\i\insrsid10554760 Beard}{\insrsid10554760  (ARR).
\par \tab \tab This is the only occurrence of the name on its own, but four individual landholders were surnamed Beard. See CAM 31,2 freemen note; HEF 1,10b; SUF 7,36 and HAM 68,1 (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab FILIMAN. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 Filieman}{\insrsid10554760 ; Old German }{\i\insrsid10554760 Filiman}{\insrsid10554760 , a rather rare personal name (F\'f6rstemann, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Personennamen}{
\insrsid10554760 , p. 505) (ARR).
\par \tab \tab This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab PIC. From }{\i\insrsid10554760 pic}{\insrsid10554760  'point', Redin, }{\i\cf1\insrsid10554760 Uncompounded Personal Names in Old English}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 22. Compare also Tengvik, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Old}{\insrsid10554760  
}{\i\insrsid10554760 English}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\insrsid10554760 
, pp. 326-27, where one possible significance of the corresponding byname given is of 'a man armed with a pick-axe', another being to describe 'a tall, thin person' (ARR).
\par \tab \tab This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH). The diminutive Picot is more frequent.}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab BEST. Probably an Old English nickname from either }{\i\insrsid10554760 baest}{\insrsid10554760  'bast, inner bark of a tree' or }{\i\insrsid10554760 beost}{\insrsid10554760 
 'beestings'; but possibly an early instance of the Middle English surname }{\i\insrsid10554760 Best}{\insrsid10554760 (}{\i\insrsid10554760 e}{\insrsid10554760 ) from Old French }{\i\insrsid10554760 beste}{\insrsid10554760  'beast', see Reaney, }{
\i\insrsid10554760 Dictionary of British Surnames}{\insrsid10554760 , under }{\i\insrsid10554760 Best}{\insrsid10554760  and von Feilitzen 'Old English uncompounded personal names', p. 7 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab ROSELL. From Old French }{\i\insrsid10554760 rossel}{\insrsid10554760 , 'red-faced, ruddy', see von Feilitzen, 'Personal names of the Winton Domesday', p. 215; Reaney, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Dictionary}{\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\insrsid10554760 of}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 British}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Surnames}{\insrsid10554760 , pp. 301-302 under }{\i\insrsid10554760 Russel}{\insrsid10554760  (ARR).
\par \tab \tab This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab GOLDMAN. This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab POTE. An Old English personal name and byname (hypothetical) }{\i\insrsid10554760 Pota}{\insrsid10554760 , related to the verb Old English }{\i\insrsid10554760 potian}{\insrsid10554760 , Middle English }{\i\insrsid10554760 pote}{
\insrsid10554760  'to push, poke, thrust' and the Middle English, Modern English noun }{\i\insrsid10554760 pote}{\insrsid10554760  'a poker, a plough-staff, see }{\i\insrsid10554760 Oxford English}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Dictionary}{
\insrsid10554760  (ARR).
\par \tab \tab This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab LUNDI. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 Liuidi}{\insrsid10554760 , probably from the Old Scandinavian personal name and byname }{\i\insrsid10554760 Lundi}{\insrsid10554760  (well-attested; see, for example, Fellows Jensen, }{
\i\insrsid10554760 Scandinavian}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Personal}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Name}{\insrsid10554760 s, p. 191) (ARR).
\par \tab \tab This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab WOODBILL. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 Vudebil}{\insrsid10554760 , an original byname from Old English }{\i\insrsid10554760 wudubill}{\insrsid10554760  'hatchet'; K\'f6keritz, '}{\i\insrsid10554760 
Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid10554760 ', p. 36, von Feilitzen, 'Unrecorded Old and Middle English personal names', p. 92. The etymology suggested von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{
\insrsid10554760 , p. 417 is incorrect (ARR).
\par \tab \tab This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab AESCHERE. An Old English personal name }{\i\insrsid10554760 Aeschere}{\insrsid10554760 , see von Feilitzen, 'Unrecorded Old and Middle English personal names', p. 72 and p. 73 note 1 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also SUF 1,122f Aeschere note (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab SUNEGOD. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 Sunegot}{\insrsid10554760 ; Old German, see Forssner, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Continental-Germanic}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 Personal Names}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 226 (ARR).

\par \tab \tab This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab LEOFSWITH. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 Leffiuf}{\insrsid10554760 , Old English (feminine) }{\i\insrsid10554760 Leofswith}{\insrsid10554760  (ARR).
\par \tab \tab This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab WIGSTAN. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 Westan}{\insrsid10554760 ; Old English }{\i\insrsid10554760 Wigstan}{\insrsid10554760 ; see von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{
\insrsid10554760 , p. 413 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab This is the only occurrence of this form of the name in Domesday Book. A related form, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Wistan}{\insrsid10554760 ,}{\i\insrsid10554760  }{\insrsid10554760 appears in reference to a }{\i\insrsid10554760 T.R.E}{
\insrsid10554760 . landholder in NFK 1,202. There are no obvious tenurial links; this and the distance between the holdings suggests that Wigstan was a separate individual (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab "AINOLF". Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 Ainolf}{\insrsid10554760 ; Old German }{\i\insrsid10554760 Aginulf}{\insrsid10554760 ; see Forssner, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Continental-Germanic}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 
Personal Names}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 15 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab This is the only occurrence of this form of the name in Domesday Book. A related form, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Einulf}{\insrsid10554760 ,}{\i\insrsid10554760  }{\insrsid10554760 appears in reference to }{\i\insrsid10554760 T.R.E. }{
\insrsid10554760 landholders only in YKS C7 and YKS 4,5,2, but this entry records that "Ainolf" was holding in 1086. There and no obvious tenuria
l links and the distance between the holdings also gives a strong indication that Ainulf was a separate individual (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab TUNRIC. Old English }{\i\insrsid10554760 Tunric}{\insrsid10554760 , so far recorded only here; see von Feilitzen, 'Unrecorded Old and Middle English personal names', p. 90 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab GOLDHERE. This name appears in the entry three times, but they are the only occurrences in Domesday Book (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab PEACOCK. Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 Pecoc}{\insrsid10554760 ; see von Feilitzen, 'Unrecorded Old and Middle English personal names', p. 86 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\lang1053\langfe1033\langnp1053\insrsid10554760 \tab 6 \'bd ACRES. }{\i\lang1053\langfe1033\langnp1053\insrsid10554760 .7.}{\lang1053\langfe1033\langnp1053\insrsid10554760  }{\i\lang1053\langfe1033\langnp1053\insrsid10554760 dim'}{
\lang1053\langfe1033\langnp1053\insrsid10554760  }{\i\lang1053\langfe1033\langnp1053\insrsid10554760 .7.}{\lang1053\langfe1033\langnp1053\insrsid10554760  }{\i\lang1053\langfe1033\langnp1053\insrsid10554760 vi.}{
\lang1053\langfe1033\langnp1053\insrsid10554760  }{\i\lang1053\langfe1033\langnp1053\insrsid10554760 ac}{\lang1053\langfe1033\langnp1053\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\lang1053\langfe1033\langnp1053\insrsid10554760 ras}{
\lang1053\langfe1033\langnp1053\insrsid10554760 ]. }{\insrsid10554760 Little Domesday }{\i\insrsid10554760 .7.}{\insrsid10554760  }{\i\insrsid10554760 dim'}{\insrsid10554760  may be in error for }{\i\insrsid10554760 .i.}{\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\insrsid10554760 dom'}{\insrsid10554760 , '1 house' (ARR).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab "OWINE" <OF COLCHESTER>. The name "Owine" is r
are, occurring only four times in Domesday Book, probably representing three individuals. This urban holding was remote from all others and likely to have been the only possession of its tenant (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab SAEFOWL. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Saeuuele}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ; Old English (Anglo-Scandinavian) }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Saefugel}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ; see Tengvik, }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Old}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 English}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 162, Reaney, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Dictionary}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 of}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 British}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Surnames}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 303 under }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Saffel
}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (a Middle English surname in East Anglia and Essex) (ARR).
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab TESCO. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Tescho}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ; Old German }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Thieziko}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Tizeko}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
; see F\'f6rstemann, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Personennamen}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 1417 (ARR).
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book. See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 310 no. 2139 (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab STOTING. This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab HERSTAN. Old English }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Herestan}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , which occurs in Whitelock, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Anglo-Saxon}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Wills}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , no 3 p. 14 (line 4), Sawyer, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Anglo-Saxon}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Charters}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , no. 1539, of }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 c}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
. 950 (ARR).
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab DELA. Old English }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Dela}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ; see Redin, }{\i\cf1\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Uncompounded Personal Names in Old English}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 75, under }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Dealla}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (ARR).
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab HUNNING. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Hunec}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ; Old English }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Hunning}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ; see von Feilitzen, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 296 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab GOT HUGH. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Got}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 hugo}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
, for the forename, see Got Chill (B3a Chill note). The byname here is a patronym from Old German }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Hugo}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (Forssner, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Continental-Germanic}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Personal Names}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , pp. 157-58) or Old Scandinavian }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Hughi}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 . Reaney, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Dictionary}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 of}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 British}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Surnames}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , pp. 185-86 under }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Hugh}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , overlooks this instance (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab DEMIBLANC. See 35,8 Demiblanc note and compare Blanc in this entry (B3a) (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab RALPH PINEL. See ESS 77 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 310 no. 2140 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab ORDLAF. Possibly from Old English }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Ord-}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  meaning 'point', 'spear-point', or 'spear' and Old English -}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 laf }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
(masculine) meaning 'survivor' or 'son'; see von Feilitzen, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , pp. 307, 335. This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).}{
\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab HORRAP. In its present form this resembles no known personal name. It may possibly be a misreading of Old English }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Hofw}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 e}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 )}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ard}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ; see von Feilitzen, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
, p. 291. Alternatively a compound byname whose final element is Old English }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 rap}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  'rope' might be suggested (ARR).
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab STANBURG. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Stamburc}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ; Old English (feminine) }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Stanburg}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , from Old Norse }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
Steinbigrg}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ; see von Feilitzen, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 371, note 4 (ARR).
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab KENTING. This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab GOTI FLEET. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Got}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 flet}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
; for the forename, see Got Chill (B3a Chill note). The byname here probably represents the Old Norse adjective }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 fljotr}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , Middle English }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 flete}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  'fleet
, swift'; compare Old English }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 fleotig}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  'swift', see Reaney, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Dictionary}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 of}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 British}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Surnames}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , under }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Fleet}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab MANSON. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Mansune}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ; probably Old English (hypothetical) }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Mansuna}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ; see von Feilitzen, }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 325 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab LORCE BRET. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Lorchebret}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , 'Lorce the Breton'. For the byname, see Tengvik, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Old}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 English}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Bynames}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , pp. 133 (under }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Brito}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ), 130 (under }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Bryt}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ); Reaney, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Dictionary}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 of}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 British}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Surnames
}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , under }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Bret}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 . The forename is probably Old Breton, cognate with Old Irish }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 lorc}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  'fierce', rather than Old Scandinavian }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Lurkr}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , as von Feilitzen, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 322 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 B3b\tab HAIMO THE STEWARD. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Amo}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Hamo}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , where the scribe has misspelt the name Haimo and has then 
written it correctly but has not erased his error (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab COURT. Translating }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 curia}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 . The meaning is probably that of a group of houses built around a courtyard (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab HELD THIS. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ten'uit}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  has an otiose abbreviation-mark above }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 u}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\lang1036\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp1036\insrsid10554760 \tab A TAX ... HEADS. Translating }{\i\lang1036\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp1036\insrsid10554760 de}{\lang1036\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp1036\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\lang1036\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp1036\insrsid10554760 suis}{\lang1036\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp1036\insrsid10554760  }{\i\lang1036\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp1036\insrsid10554760 capitibus}{\lang1036\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp1036\insrsid10554760 . }{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Compare }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 caput}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ho}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 min}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 is}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  in B3m. The burgesses paid a tax levied on individuals, rather than on households (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab HAS NOT BEEN PAID. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 c'}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 reddita}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  is in error for }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 e}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 st}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 reddita}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (ARR).
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 310 no. 2141 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 B3c\tab THE PARAGRAPH-MARK indicates this to be a separate section, although no value is given (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 B3d\tab THE CUSTOMARY DUE. Little Domesday [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 con}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 suedine}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 m}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
] is in error for [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 con}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 suetudine}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 m}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] (ARR).
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 310 no. 2142 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab ST PETER'S CHURCH. See B7 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 B3e\tab BEFORE 1066. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 te'pr'. e.}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  is in error for }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 te'p.'r.e}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ., that is }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 te}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 m}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 p}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ore}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 .}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 r}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 egis}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 .}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 e}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
dwardi}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab USED TO PAY. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 310 no. 2143 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 B3f\tab USED TO PAY. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 310 no. 2144 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 B3g\tab 
COUNT EUSTACE. See 20,8 for a burgess of Colchester belonging to the Count's holding at Rivenhall; 20,36 for a house in Colchester belonging to his manor of Tey; and 20,39 for 2 houses belonging to his manor of Great Birch (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 

\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *]. He had held the Count's manor of Great Birch (20,39) at a date between 1066 and 1086 (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also 20,1 Engelric note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab HAVE NOT PAID. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 310 no. 2145 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 B3h\tab WILLIAM ^[THE DEACON]^, THE BISHOP'S NEPHEW. Identical with William the deacon, see ESS 66 William note. }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 VCH}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Essex}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , i. p. 418 suggests that he was the nephew of Bishop William of London, 1051-1075, a suggestion supported by }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Early Charters of Essex}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 40 no. 94 [=Bates, }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , no. 189, pp. 614-15] (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab WHICH. }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 quam}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (accusative singular) in error for }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 quas}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (accusative plural), referring to '2 houses' (ARR).}{
\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 B3j\tab OTTO THE GOLDSMITH ... SHALFORD ... COUNTESS AELFEVA. Aelfeva was the wife of Earl Algar who held Shalford bef
ore 1066. Otto the Goldsmith (ESS 81) was in possession of it in 1086, see 1,11. In Cambridgeshire (CAM 1,18) he also held part of Litlington at a revenue in 1086 which Earl Algar had held (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Clarke, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 English nobility}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 219, who omits these houses from her holdings (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab USED TO PAY. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 311 no. 2146 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab THE QUEEN}{\cgrid0\insrsid1646802  ^[MAT}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ILDA]^}{\cgrid0\insrsid1646802 'S}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  LAND. Probably Queen Matilda's, see 1,11 queen note (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 B3k\tab ABBOT OF WESTMINSTER ... FEERING. See 6,8 where only two houses are recorded (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab USED TO PAY. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 311 no. 2147 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 B3l\tab GINNI. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Geni}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 us}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ]; Old Danish }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Ginni}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
; see von Feilitzen, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 261 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab ARDLEIGH. For Geoffrey de Mandeville's holding there, see 30,20 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab USED TO PAY. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 311 no. 2148 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 B3m\tab ELMSTEAD. For Swein's holding there, see 24,64 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab A TAX ... HEAD. See B3b tax note (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 311 no. 2149 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 B3n\tab USED TO PAY. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 311 no. 2150 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 B3p\tab THORSTEN WISHART. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Turstinus}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 uuiscart}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ; the byname is a patronym from Old Norman French }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Wischard}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Guisc}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 h}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 )}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ard}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Guisc}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 (}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 h}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 )}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 art}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ; see Reaney, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Dictionary}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 of}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 British}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Surnames}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , under }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Wishart}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
. Probably he of 40,2 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab THE CUSTOMARY DUE. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 consuedo}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  is in error for }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 consuetudinem}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (ARR).
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 311 no. 2151 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 B3q\tab TERLING. For Ranulf's holding there, also previously held by Aelmer, see 34,6. That entry records only 2 houses in Colchester however (ARR).
\par \tab \tab See also 33,23 Aelmer note (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab USED TO PAY. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 311 no. 2152 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 B3r\tab TOLLESHUNT. For Ralph's holding there, see 33,23. The Little Domesday form }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 collensum}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 te}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  is corrupt (ARR).}{
\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab THEY USED TO PAY. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 reddebant}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , in error for }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 reddebat}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , 'it used to pay}{\up6\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 '}{
\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 . Compare B3s pay note (ARR).
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 311 no. 2153 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 B3s\tab 3 HOUSES. Recorded under Barking Abbey's manor of Wigborough (9,8) (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab IT USED TO PAY. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 reddebat}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , in error for }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 reddebant}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , 'they used to pay'. Compare B3r pay note (ARR).

\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 311 no. 2154 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 B3t\tab USED TO PAY. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 311 no. 2155 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 B4\tab SCRUBLAND. Translating }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 fructecta}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 B5\tab DIVIDED IN COMMON. See also Fleming, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , p. 311 no. 2156 (JP).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 B6\tab THIS BELONGS. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 hoc}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 p}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 er}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ]}{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 tinent}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  is in error for }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 hoc}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 p}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 er}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ]}{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 tinet}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 . The custom in this sentence is being contrasted to that in the next which is not part of the king's revenue: }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 hoc}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 n
}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 on}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 e}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 st}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ad}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
 }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 firma}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 m}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] (ARR).
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 311-12 no. 2157 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab THIS ... EXPEDITION. The king still had mercenaries to support while not actually on campaign (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab FOR THESE 6 PENCE. Translating }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 propt}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 er}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 hos}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 .vi.}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 denarios}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , but note that }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 propt}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 er}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
] is probably in error for }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 pret}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 er}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] 'apart from', compare the following sentences beginning }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 p}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
[}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 re}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ter}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 hoc}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab NOW IT PAYS. If }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 reddit}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  is not in error for }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 reddunt}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , then the subject of this clause is the mint (ARR).}{
\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab \'a380. Expressed as }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 .iiii.xx.}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 lib}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ras}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] (ARR).}{
\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab SESTERS OF HONEY. A sester was usually 4, but sometimes 5 to 6, gallons, see Zupko, }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Dictionary}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 of}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 English}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Weights}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 and}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 Measures}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
, p. 155 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab PREBENDARIES. A similar charge was put on the Boroughs of Norwich and Thetford (NFK 1,61;70) (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab 
WALERAN ... THIS. Waleran was the father of John (ESS 40) and is mentioned in 17,1 as having taken 1 house in Colchester away from the land of the Abbey of Saint-Ouen at West Mersea. He had apparently administered Colchester for the king at some time b
etween 1066 and 1086 and may perhaps have done the same with Norwich (NFK 1,63) (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab AS PROTECTOR. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 adturtore}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 m}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] is in error for }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ad}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  
}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 tutore}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 m}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ] (ARR).
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 312 no. 2158 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab BISHOP WALKELIN. Of Winchester, 1070-1098 (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 B7\tab ST PETER'S CHURCH. See also B3d. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 eccl}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 esi}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 e}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
 is in error for }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 eccl}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 esi}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ]}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 a}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab KING'S ALMS. Farley }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 elemasina}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  corrects the manuscript reading }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 clemasina}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab RALPH OF HASTINGS. Little Domesday }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 hatingis}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  is in error for }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 hastingis}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , compare }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 hastinges
}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , (39,8). Ralph held 30 acres at Ardleigh, adjoining Colchester (ARR).
\par }{\insrsid10554760 \tab \tab See also Fleming, }{\i\insrsid10554760 Domesday Book and the Law}{\insrsid10554760 , p. 312 no. 2159 (JP).}{\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 \tab THE FOURTH. Little Domesday has an otiose abbreviation-mark on }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 quarta}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 [}{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 m}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 ], Farley places it above the }{
\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 u}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 , the manuscript has it above the first }{\i\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 a}{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760  (ARR).}{\cgrid0\insrsid8606750 
\par }{\cgrid0\insrsid10554760 
\par }}