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on folio 244ab the first }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 R}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 was omitted, and inserted above the line (JRM).}{ \cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 {\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 B1\tab THE KING'S BARONS. Not yet a title. The 'men' of the king, or of a magnate, here denoting}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 the listed Landholders, including a nun (JRM).}{ \cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab 112. Discounting repetitions, the houses}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 listed [in B2] total 114, not 112; later chapters list only two dozen (JRM).}{ \insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 B2\tab MONKS OF PILLERTON [PRIORS]. That is, from Saint-Evroult, see 18,11 Pillerton Priors (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab RICHARD THE HUNTER. See 44,1 Richard note and 44,7 hunter note.}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab GILBERT [OF] BOUILLE. The manuscript has } {\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 buili}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , with a stroke through the }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 l}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , for }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 builli}{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 . Farley, in error, }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 budi}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 . }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 See Tengvik, }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Old English Bynames}{ \insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p. 77. \par \tab \tab Since the other 25 'barons' were all listed landholders, this Gilbert was probably identical with Gilbert son of Turold (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab NICHOLAS THE BOWMAN. }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Balista }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 included all missile weapons, from cro ssbow to large artillery piece. The English word 'gun' was used of such weapons before the introduction of gun\-powder. Nicholas was probably a master of ordnance, evidently a person of substance, since he held a dozen manors in Devon (DEV 48). The }{ \insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Gloucester History and Cartulary}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , (Hart, }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Cartularium}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , i. p. 74), calls him Nicholaus }{ \i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 de la Pole}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 (JRM).}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab \tab The Phillimore printed translation has Nicholas the Gunner, but this was changed for the first version of }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Domesday Explorer}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 to 'the bowman', in view of the mod ern connotation of 'gunner'.}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab STEPHEN THE STEERSMAN. }{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 A steersman was the commander of a ship or of a fleet. Since he also held two houses}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 in Southampton (HAM S3), Stephen was presumably a senior naval officer (JRM).}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \par \tab \tab See Keats-Rohan, D}{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 omesday People}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p. 423, under Stefan Stirman. Stephen the steersman is identified as Stephen son Erhard by Ordericus Vitalis, }{ \i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Ecclesiastical History}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , vi, p. 296) and so-named in Domesday Berkshire (BRK 64) (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab HAROLD ^[SON OF EARL RALPH]^.}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Listed twice, evidently by accident (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab CHRISTINA. Christina was the sister of Earls Edwin and Morcar and Queen Margaret of Scotland; she became a nun at Romsey: }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 V}{\i\insrsid13195204\charrsid13195204 CH}{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Warwickshire}{ \insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , i. 281; Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Domesday People}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , pp. 176-77. No other landholder of that name occurs in Domesday Book (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 B4\tab SHERIFFDOM ... COUNTY. Since each county had its sheriff (}{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 vicecomes}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ),}{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 but few had}{ \insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 an earl (}{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 comes}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 in 1086, the terms are interchangeable. See 1,6 shire note(JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab \'a324 8s. Domesday uses the old English currency system, which endured for a thousand years until 1971. The pound contained 20 shillings, each of 12 pence, and the abbreviations \'a3 .s.d. preserved the Domesday terms }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 librae}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 solidi}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 and denarii }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab DOG-CUSTOM. Payment for providing, feeding and keeping hunting hounds (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 1,1\tab EARL EDWIN. Of Mercia, }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 c}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 . 1063-1070. Domesday Oxfordshire (OXF 1,12) notes that 'from Earl Edwin's land in Oxford and Warwickshire the king has \'a3100 and 100s' (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 1,2\tab WELLESBOURNE. }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 In 'Tremelowe' Hundred, but entered as a dependency of Kineton in }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 "Fexhole" Hundred}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , without mention of its own hundred, as normally in Domesday (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 1,5\tab TAMWORTH. Nine miles from Coleshill. Domesday omits the borough; see STS 1,9 Tamworth note (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 1,6\tab 'COTEN'.}{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 A suburb of Warwick, located east of the borough by the Warwick street-name Coten End (SP288652); see }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Place-Names of Warwickshire}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p. 264 (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab THIRD PENNY. One third, with two thirds to the king, as normally before 1066 (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab SHIRE. Used of the divisions of Wessex from at least the eighth century; but the midland}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 shires were first organized by Edric Streona ('the acquisitive'), ealdorman of Mercia 1007-1017, who 'joined provinces to provinces at will': Hearne, }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Hemingi Chartularium}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p. 280. Twelve of the thirteen shires are first mentioned between 1010 and 1016; see Taylor, 'Origin of the Mercian Shires', and Taylor, 'Northern Boundary of Gloucestershire', condensed and edited in Finberg, }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Gloucestershire Studies}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 pp. 17-51. Districts were attached to boroughs during the Danish wars, a century or more earlier; see HRT B11 borough note, but their boundaries are unknown, and did not always coincide with those of the later shires (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 1,7\tab VALUE. Includes the values of 1,8 and 1,9 (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 1,8\tab UPTON. Upton in Haselor: }{ \i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Place-Names of Warwickshire}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p. 212 (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab ALBERT T HE CLERIC. Albert of Lorraine, landholder in half a dozen counties before and after 1066 (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 1,9\tab RICHARD THE FORESTER. The same man as Richard the hunter; see 44,7 hunter note.}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 2,1\tab STORI . The Stori holding this moderately valuable prope rty is fairly remote from any of his namesakes; and although he might conceivably have been the same individual as the Stori holding in Bedfordshire, there are no apparent links between them (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 2,2\tab TONNI . The name Tonni occurs on twenty ho ldings, probably representing two or three individuals. Given the uncommon nature of the name, the two Warwickshire holdings probably belonged to one individual who might have been Tonni of Lusby since these properties are not too distant from his Northam p tonshire holdings of Stowe and Kislingbury (NTH 46,1;3). But there are no apparent connections between them and, unlike Tonni of Lusby, Tonni of Bericote was a tenant in 1086. The only other Tonni to hold land in 1086 was the tenant of the tiny Yorkshire h olding of Acaster. This might suggest a link between these two Tonnis and, curiously, there are two other apparent linkages: a Thorkil had an interest in both holdings and William of Percy, a successor of Tonni of Lusby in Lincolnshire, also held in Acast e r. On this basis it could be argued that all twenty properties held by a Tonni had belonged to one individual. But these links are more likely to be simply coincidental. The tiny Yorkshire property is remote; Thorkils are common in Yorkshire; and neither Thorkil of Warwick nor his father Alwin the sheriff of Warwickshire are known to have had any interests further north than that county (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 3\tab LAND OF THE BISHOP OF WORCESTER. Hemming's Cartulary (Hearne, }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Hemingi}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Chartularium}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , pp. 311-13) lists the same holdings, giving}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 hides and holders only, except for 3,4, given in full. }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Monachi }{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 is substituted for }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 episcopus }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 in 3,3 and 3,5, and }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 habent monachi }{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 for }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 habuit archiepiscopus }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 in 3,4 (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 3,2\tab STRATFORD[-UPON-AVON].}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Domesday does not distinguish Stratford-upon-Avon from Old Stratford (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 3,3\tab STICKS. Normally 25 eels to a 'stick' (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 3,4\tab THIS ENTRY is added in small letters at the foot of folio 238c [after 3,7]; directed by transposition signs to its proper place in the column above (JRM)}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab ARCHBISHOP ALDRED. B ishop of Worcester 1047-1062, Archbishop of York 1061-1069; he crowned King William in 1066. He claimed jurisdiction over Worcester, which had been united with York from 972 to 1016 (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab FOUR FORFEITURES. Defined as breach of the King's peace, burglary, highway}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 robbery, and evasion of military service, in the laws of King Cnut [formerly known as Canute]; see 2 Canute 12;14-15 in Robertson, }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Laws of the Kings of England}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , pp. 180-81 (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab HIS WHOLE KINGDOM. The manuscript has }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 totu}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 m}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ]}{ \i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 suu}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 m}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ]}{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 regnu}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 [}{ \i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 m}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ]. Farley omits }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 suu}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 m}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ] }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab LEOFWIN . The estates and identity of this Leofwin, an uncle of Thorkil of Warwick, have been plausibly identified by Ann Williams, 'Vice-comital Family in pre-Conquest Warwickshire'. To her list should perhaps b e added two holdings at Harbury and Cubbington (16,7;53), both 'family' vills. At Cubbington the holding was shared with another family member, Ketilbiorn, in 1066 (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab COULD TURN. From Earl Leofric's lordship (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab COUNTY. }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Comitatus. }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 The word ultimate ly prevailed since the old kingdoms of the south-east, from East Anglia to Sussex, are not and never have been 'shires\rquote (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab BISHOP WULFSTAN. Bishop of Worcester 1062-1095, the only English bishop to survive King William, revered for his simple and saintly practice and precept (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab QUEEN MATILDA. King William's wife (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab FOUR SHERIFFDOMS. Or shires. The assembly met at the 'Guildborough' (}{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Gildenberg}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 }{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 at the Four Shire Stone(s) (at SP231321), where seven parishes and the shires of Gloucester, Oxford, Warwick and, until 1931, Worcester converge; see Bates, }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 nos. 134-35 pp. 457-59; and WOR 10,12 "Ildeberga" note. The bounds attached to a grant (Birch }{ \i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Cartularium Saxonicum}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , no. 1238 = Kemble, }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Codex Diplomaticus}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , no. 1362 [= Sawyer, }{ \i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , no. 1325] = Hearne, }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Hemingi}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Chartularium}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , pp. 213-15) dated 969, fifty years before the shires were formed, locate four stones by the }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Gild Beorh. }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 If the bounds are contemporary with the grant, the stones were older than the shires, the cause rather than the consequence of the meeting of so many boundaries at this point. The site may have been an earlier assembly place for all o r part of the kingdom of the Hwicce, of the Cotswolds and lower River Severn. }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Beorg }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 (}{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 English Place-Name Elements}{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , i. p. 29) means a natural or artificial hill, here a barrow, since there is no natural hill. }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Gild }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 (}{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 English Place-Name Elements}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , i. p. 200) mea nt a place of worship, a tax or payment, or an association, especially for meeting financial and religious obligations, not yet limited to associations of merchants or craftsmen. The term (selected instances in }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Place-Names of Worcestershire}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p.}{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 125) someti mes occurs elsewhere where three or more shires adjoin, as at Guilden Morden (Cambridgeshire, Bedfordshire, Hertfordshire); Peterborough, where five shires join, was termed }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Gildeneburch }{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 shortly after the establishment of the shires, the name interpreted by later local chroniclers as meaning 'golden', rich in endowments; and also at the junctions of several hundreds (JRM).}{ \cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 3,5\tab LOXLEY.}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 See }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Place-Names of Warwickshire}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p. 235 (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 3,6\tab URSO [* OF ABETOT *]. Of Abetot, sheriff of Worcestershire (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 3,7\tab THE ENTRY is duplicated, with additional detail, in 44,12 (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab LEOFWIN . See 3,4 Leofwin note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 4\tab LAND OF THE BISHOP OF BAYEUX. He was half-brother of King William (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 4,1\tab STEPHEN [* SON OF ERHARD *]. See B2 steersman note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 4,2\tab ESBI ORN [* BIG *]. Esbiorn Big held several substantial manors in Kent before the Conquest, most of which devolved upon the Bishop of Bayeux and in most of which he was named. The Esbiorn who held Ditton (KEN 5,42) was probably the same man since this another substantial holding acquired by the Bishop and was just three miles from the Big manor at Birling. It is likely that he was also the Esbiorn at Atherstone in Warwickshire (4,2), despite the distance involved, since this, too, devolved upon the Bishop of B a yeux who had subinfeudated it to Corbin of Agneaux, a tenant of his at West Peckham, just a few miles from Birling. It is also conceivable that Esbiorn held the large manor at Compton (SUR 18,1. SUS 11,36), near Chichester, acquired by Earl Roger of Shrew sbury, though there are no tenurial associations to support this (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 4,3\tab WADARD . The name Wadard occurs on over forty holdings in Domesday Book, all probably held by one individual. All but a couple of properties in Kent were held as a tenant of the Bishop of Bayeux, the exceptions being held from St Augustine's Abbey which accommodated other of Odo's tenants. This singular distribution proves Wadard's identity, confirmed by the descent of his holdings to form the core of the barony of Cogges: Sanders, }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 English baronies}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , pp. 36-37; Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Domesday People}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p. 444 (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 4,4\tab WADARD . See 4,3 Wadard note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 4,5\tab ERNWULF . The name Ernwulf occurs on eight or nine (if NTT 9,89 is included) holdings in Domesday Book, each probably belonging to a different individual. None of the holdings are substantial, all are distant from each other, and none shared English predec e ssors or Norman tenants-in-chief. Five of the holdings were pre-Conquest tenures, three or four post-Conquest. These latter may well have been of continental origin (as was certainly the case at Leake in Nottinghamshire), making more remote the slight pos sibility that any of the Ernwulfs were related to each other. The two Warwickshire holdings are more than 20 miles apart and have no apparent connections. It is not even certain that the two names are the same: }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Ernulfus }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 in Bidford, }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Arnul}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 in Longdon (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab A RNGRIM . The name Arngrim occurs on thirteen holdings in Domesday Book, probably representing four or five individuals. The Warwickshire holding is comparatively isolated, only the Arngrim holdings in Herefordshire and Shropshire being close e nough to suggest a possible connection. One of these was shared with an Einulf, conceivably a corrupt form of the Ernwulf who shared the Warwickshire property with Arngrim; but it is perhaps more likely that Bidford was the sole property of this Arngrim ( JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 4,6\tab STEPHEN [* SON OF ERHARD *]. See B2 steersman note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 5\tab LAND OF THE BISHOP OF COUTANCES. Geoffrey of Mowbray, a principal minister of King William (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 5,1\tab LEOFWIN . See 3,4 Leofwin note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab ALWIN [* THE SHERIFF *]. The estates of the those Alwins which can be attributed to Alwin the sheriff, father of Thorkil of Warwick, have been plausibly identified by Ann Williams, 'Vice-comital family in pre-Conquest Warwickshire', }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Anglo-Norman Studies}{ \insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , xi. (1989), p. 279-95. Fenny Compton (17,59) should probably be added to the estates listed there since it devolved upon Alwin's son Thorkil, was shared in 1066 with a brother, Ordric, and lay in a 'family' vill (JP).}{ \insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 6,1\tab VALUE BEFORE 1066 [2]0s. The manuscript is scraped. There is too little room for an intermediate value, too much room to fill}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 with further figures. Probably }{ \i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 x. solid'}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 was intended, possibly }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 xx. solid'}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 6,2\tab THE CHURCH ITSELF [HOLDS] GRANDBOROUGH. Restore }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ten}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 et}{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ] }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 G}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ]}{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 RANEBERGE}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 after }{ \i\f37\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \'eacc}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 lesi}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ]}{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 a}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ; the }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 te}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 of }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 tenet}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 seems just legible (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab 1 VIRGATE [OF LAND]. Traces of letters, probably }{\i\f37\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 t'r\'ea}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 or }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 irg}{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 after }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 una v }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 6,5\tab ALDGYTH, WIFE OF GRUFFYDD. Aldgyth was the daughter of Earl Algar, widow of King Gruffydd, and wife of King Harold Godwinson; her daughter, Nest, married Osbe rn son of Richard. Another holding which may have been hers lay in Tyringham, Buckinghamshire, where it is recorded that 'Aelfeva, Harold's wife' had a manor. The form of the name (}{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Alueua}{ \insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ) does not translate to Aldgyth, but a scribal error may be suspected . The alternative is to posit the existence of second Harold married to a lady of sufficient status to hold land in her own right in the heart of Harold Godwinson's territories, an Harold apparently unrecorded elsewhere despite being a lord of men: see BU K 17,22 Harold note. It is also tempting to connect this Aldgyth with Aldgyth of Welshampton. The name is sufficiently uncommon to make this plausible. Apart from two remote and tiny holdings in Suffolk (SUF 67,15. 74,6.), there were only three other manor s held by an Aldgyth }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 T.R.E}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ., one in Somerset (SOM 5,42), one in Derbyshire (DBY 6,51), the third in Yorkshire (YKS 5E27 and note. CE6). Of these, only the Derbyshire might plausibly be associated with Aldgyth other holdings; but there are no other indications of a connection (JP). }{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 6,9\tab THIS ENTRY was added at the foot of the column in the same small lettering as 3,4, at the foot of the}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 facing column [folio 238d], probably at the same time, and separated from it by the vertical line,}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 which is not a gallows-like entry sign, since it lacks the short curved cross-piece} {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 shown in Farley. The entry is duplicated, with fuller detail, in 14,2 (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab ALWIN THE SHERIFF. Father of Thorkil (WAR 17) (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab \tab See also 5,1 Alwin note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 6,14\tab [PRIORS] HARDWICK. }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 The large area probably included Priors Marston, also held by Coventry (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 7\tab THIS CHAPTER and the three following (WAR 8-10) are in smaller and closer lettering, without the spaces shown by Farley (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 7,1\tab HILL. The Abingdon Chronicle (Stevenson, ii. pp. 8, 20) reports the purchase of a gift, confirmed by Thorkil's son}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Siward, 'then adolescent', and by the king's writ, addressed to Robert d'Oilly, sheriff}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 of Warwickshire in the 1080s (WAR 21), where the donor is styled Thorkil of Arden.}{ \insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Chesterton (17,67) was transferred at the same time. The Abingdon Chronicle (Stevenson, ii. p. 284) says that these}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 }{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 holdings were bought from the king (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 11,3\tab [ABBOTS] SALFORD. }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 See }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 VCH Warwickshire}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 . i. p. 341 note 4 (JRM).}{ \insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 11,4\tab RANULF [* BROTHER OF ABBOT WALTER *]}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 . Ranulf is brother of Abbot Walter of Evesham: }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 VCH Warwickshire}{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 . i. p. 282 (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 12\tab THIS CHAPTER and the one following (WAR 13) are in smaller and closer lettering, without the spaces shown by Farley, as also chapters 7-10 (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab LAND OF EARL ROGER. Earl of Shrewsbury; see STS 8 Roger note.}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 12,1\tab LEAMINGTON [SPA]. Formerly Leamington Priors, }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 renamed 'Royal Leamington Spa' in 1838; see }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Place-Names of Warwickshire}{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p. 175 (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab WULFWIN.}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Written Olwin [}{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Oluuin'}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ], as in WOR 14,1; see }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 von Feilitzen }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p. }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 428 (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 12,3\tab REGINALD [* THE SHERIFF *]. Reginald of Bailleul (}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 from Bailleul, sometimes known as Bailleul-en-Gouffern, in the French d\'e9partement of Orne: arrondissement Argentan, canton Trun, near Exmes)}{ \insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 who was the sheriff of Shropshire; see STS 14 Reginald note.}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab STRETTON[-ON-DUNSMORE]. Following the forfeiture of the Earldom of Shrewsbury in 1102 by Earl Roger's son, Robert of Bell\'ea me, Reginald the sheriff returned to Normandy and his lands, in the main, passed to his successor as sheriff, Alan Fitz Flaad. The latter gave Stretton-on-Dunsmore to Burton Abbey; see Bridgeman, \lquote Burton Abbey Surveys', p. 247; Deanesly and Je ayes, 'Burton Abbey', p. 11 no. 12; }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 VCH Staffordshire}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , iii. p. 202.}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab AELMUND [* ALMUND FATHER OF ALWARD *]. The Domesday forms }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Aeilmund}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 [}{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 us}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ], }{ \i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Ailmund}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 [}{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 us}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ] and}{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Elmund}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 represent Old English }{ \i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \'c6thelmund}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 : von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p. 185. However, as the forms do not include medial }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 -d-}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 or }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 -g-}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 JRM did not think that they warranted inclusion under Aethelmund, but elsewhere he dealt with names beginning }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Ail-}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Ael}{ \insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 -, }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Aiel- }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 etc. under the form 'Ael-', so although the Phillimore printed translation has Almund (in 12,4) it has been changed to Aelmund for the present edition for the sake of consistency. The Alecto edition has \'c6thelmund. \par \tab \tab However, }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 it appears that this Aelmund was the same person as Almund (Domesday }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Elmund}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ), the predecessor of Reginald of Bailleul, Earl Roger's tenant, in 12,7 and in SHR 4,3,45;47-48;63;67 and in STS 8,4 and that he was the father of Alward who was also one of Reginald's predecessors in Shropshire (SHR 4,3,68;70) as well as holding five other estates from th e earl there, once with Almund (SHR 4,27,17-21); see Williams, }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 The English and the Norman Conquest}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p. 90. See also Keats-Rohan, }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Domesday People}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p. 188, who gives just one folio reference, corresponding to SHR 4,27,17. It is not certain that the other pred ecessors of Earl Roger called Almund (STS 8,11;14-15;23, the only other occurrences of this name-form in }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Domesday Staffordshire}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ) were the same as Almund father of Alward, as Reginald was not Roger's subtenant in those entries and at least one other Almund was Earl Roger's predecessor according to Williams (SHR 4,20,3). However, see }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p. 149, note 2. \par }{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \tab \tab }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 The name Almund occurs in four counties, on more than two dozen manors, as a }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 T.R.E.}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 landowner. With the exception of three waste holdings in Yorkshire, all these holdings devolved upon Earl Roger of Shrewsbury, many then being subinfeudated to Reginald of Bailleul. These connections make it probable that the bulk of these holdings had b e en held by one individual, notably all those in Staffordshire, three and possibly all four of the Warwickshire holdings, and the Shropshire holdings subinfeudated to Reginald of Bailleul as well as one holding still in Almund's hands in 1086, shared with h is son Alward, and another in which Alward succeeded him. Almund's remaining holdings (SHR 4,8,1;16. 4,20,3;11;17. 4,21,8-9;18), though intermixed with those above, are cannot be more precisely connected to Alward's father, though a connection is likely i n several of these cases. There was certainly one other Alward in Shropshire (4,20,3) who may have held some of these properties before the Conquest: Williams, }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 The English and the Norman Conquest}{ \insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p. 90 (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 12,4\tab WOLSTON. This estate presumably passed, like Stretton-on-Dunsmore, to Alan Fitz Flaad (see 12,3 Stretton note) and was given by his widow to Burton Abbey; see Wrottesley, \lquote Burton Cartulary\rquote , pp. 32-33; Deanesly and Jeayes, 'Burton Abbey', p. 10 no. 12; }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 VCH Staffordshire}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , iii. p. 202.}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab AELMUND [* ALMUND FATHER OF ALWARD *]. See 12,3 Almund note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 12,5\tab KETILB[IORN] . The manuscript has }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Chetelb}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 [}{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 er}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ]}{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 t}{ \insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 [}{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 us}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ], but he is probably identical with the }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Chetelb}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 [}{ \i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 er}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ]}{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 t'}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 of 17,56, that is, Ketilbiorn, probably Thorkil's brother, and the Ket}{\insrsid13195204\charrsid13195204 i}{ \insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 lbiorn [}{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Chetelbern'}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ]}{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 of 16,53 (JRM). [See von Feilitzen, }{ \i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p. 304 note 4.]. \par }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab \tab See also }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 16,53 Ketilbiorn note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 12,7\tab WOLSTON. }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 In Marton Hundred, on the River Avon, here the hundred boundary. Domesday distinguishes 1 v irgate in Stoneleigh, evidently across the river. 12,4 and 12,7 were held by the same holders before and after 1066 (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab ALMUND [* FATHER OF ALWARD *]. See 12,3 Almund note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 12,8\tab ^[STAFFORDSHIRE]^. [* IN SEISDON HUNDRED *]. The next four estates (1 2,8-11) appear to have formed, in 1086, part of Earl Roger's fief in Staffordshire, but were entered in Warwickshire in error probably as a result of a misunderstanding of a schedule in which Earl Roger's lands in several counties were listed together; se e \{Introduction: County Boundary\}. All four estates were transferred to Shropshire before 1102; see SHR \{Introduction: County Boundary\}. \par \tab \tab An incidental proof that they were a part of Staffordshire in 1086 comes from the fact that in Seisdon Hundred, Staffordshire, the 1 hide at Shipley (12,11), the 5 hides at Seisdon (STS 12,17), the \'bd hide and 1 \'bd hides on the two estates at 'Crockington' (STS 1,1. 12,16) together with the 2 hides at Trysull (STS 12,15) make a unit of 10 hides; see STS \{Introduction: Hidation\}.}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab AUTI . The name Auti occurs on 35 holdings spread mainly across Midland England; but the Auti holding the six holdings in Shropshire, Staffordshire and Warwickshire can be identified with a degree of confidence as one individual. All six were held from the Earl of Shrewsbury or his tenants; three of them by the same individual in both 1066 and 1086 (a pattern found nowhere else), and two others by a 1086 survivor, only one other such occurring anywhere else in the country (LIN 68,23). The only one of the six holdings not held directly from the earl or by a survivor, Womerton in Shropshire (SHR 4,5,3), is adjacent to the two properties held directly from the earl. Not catalogued by Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Domesday People}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab QUATT. }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 This was an A ncient Parish in Shropshire. Quatt was probably in Staffordshire in 1086, then in Shropshire before 1102. In the Middle Ages it was considered either as a member of Stottesdon Hundred or of Bridgnorth Liberty. After forfeiture of the Earldom of Shrewsbury in 1102 by Robert of Bell\'eame, son of Earl Roger, Quatt came into the hands of Henry I and was divided among the sons of Helgot, the}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 lords of Castle Holdgate (SHR.4,21 Helgot note). Dudmaston (SO7488) was granted to Herbert son of Helgot and }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 pp. 965, 973, record Peter }{ \i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 de Dodemaneston\rquote }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 holding in }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Dodemaneston\rquote }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 of}{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 }{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 the barony of Thomas }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Maudut\rquote }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 of Castle Holdgate; see }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem}{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , iii. no. 194, iv. nos. 272, 355, and }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , ii. p. 88b. One hide at Quatt, hencefo rth called Quatt Malvern, was given by Guy son of Helgot before 1127 to the priory of Great Malvern; see }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p. 147; }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Monasticon Anglicanum}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , iii. p. 447 no. II; }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , ii. p. 59a; }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Taxatio Ecclesiastica}{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p. 257b. Another hide, consisting of }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Qate }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 and }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Mose }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 [Quatt Jarvis and Mose, SO7590] together with }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Wodeton }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 [Wootton SO7689], a curtilage in Morfe forest, was held by serjeanty; see }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , ii. p. 59a. On the whole manor, see Eyton, }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Antiquities of Shropshire}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , iii. p. 173.}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 12,9\tab ROMSLEY.}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 This was a Liberty in Alveley Ancient Parish in Shropshire and a separate Civil Parish from 1866; see Youngs, }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Local Administrative Units}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , ii. p. 392. Romsley was probably in Staffordshire in 1086, then in Shropshire before 1102. After the forfeiture by Robert of Bell\'ea me of the Earldom of Shrewsbury in that year, Romsley passed to the barons of Richards Castle (SHR 5 Osbern note) and was held under them in the thirteenth century by the }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Le Poer }{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 family. In }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Red Book of the Exchequer}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , ii. p. 604, }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Ramesleye }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 and }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Eseberge }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 (unidentified) are held by Roger }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Poher}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 }{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Richard }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 de Wetemore }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 and Walter }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 de Esses }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 from the honour of Richards Castle; see }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Rotuli Hundredorum}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , ii. p. 59a; }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem}{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , ii. no. 640, iii. no. 194, v. nos. 57, 611, x. no. 207; Eyton, }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Antiquities of Shropshire}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , iii. p. 196, and SHR 4,17,1 Badger note.}{ \insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \par }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab \tab Remesleage}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Sciplea }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 (Shipley, 12,11) and }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Suthtune }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 [Sutton, SO7994] were an early eleventh century grant to Burton Abbey according to }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Monasticon Anglicanum}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , iii. pp. 3 8-39, but no trace of this grant is found in Domesday or later.}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 12,10\tab RUDGE. }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 This estate was probably in Staffordshire in 1086, then in Shropshire before 1102, having been transferred there by Earl Roger or his sons. In the Middle Ages, it was a township i n Pattingham Ancient Parish, forming its Shropshire portion, the rest lying in Staffordshire; see Youngs, }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Local Administrative Units}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , ii. p. 392. Rudge was counted a member of Stottesdon Hundred (Shropshire) in the Middle Ages. After Robert of Bell\'eame forfeited the Earldom of Shrewsbury in 1102, Rudge passed to the Mortimers. In }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Book of Fees} {\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p. 963, Geoffrey }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 de Ledwiz }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 holds 1 fee in }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Ruge }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 from the barony of Ralph }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 de Mortuomari}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ;}{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 see }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Book of Fees}{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p. 972; }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Feudal Aids}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , iv. p. 232; }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem}{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , iv. no. 235; Eyton, }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Antiquities of Shropshire}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , iii. p. 204.}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 12,11\tab SHIPLEY. This estate was probably in Staffordsh ire in 1086, then in Shropshire before 1102, having been transferred there by Earl Roger or his sons. In the Middle Ages it was in Claverley Ancient Parish in Shropshire, and counted as a member of Stottesdon Hundred in that county. Shipley followed the s ame descent as Rudge (12,10) after forfeiture, being held under the Mortimer barony. In }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p. 963, Adam }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Mauveisin }{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 holds one-third fee in }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Shiple }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 from the barony of Ralph }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 de Mortuo Mari}{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ;}{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 see }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Feudal Aids}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , iv. p. 232; }{ \i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , iv. no. 235; Eyton, }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Antiquities of Shropshire}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , iii. p. 209. For another mention, see STS 8,1 Claverley note, and for the possible holding by Burton Abbey, see WAR 12,9 Romsley note.}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 13\tab LAND OF EARL HUGH. Earl Hugh of Chester (JRM)}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 14\tab LAND OF EARL AUBREY. That is, Aubrey of Coucy, also Aubrey of Northumbria, in the early 1080s; according to Symeon of Durham, 'of little use in difficult circumstances, he went home' to Normandy: Arnold, }{ \i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Opera Omnia}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , ii. p. 199. His extensive holdings in England had not yet been granted to others in 1086 (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 14,1\tab NUNEATON. }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 The hides are omitted (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab HARDING [* SON OF ALNOTH *]. The name Harding occurs or is implied on some four dozen holdings in Domesday Book, probably representing four or five individuals. Peter Clarke has assigned all 33 }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 T.R.E.}{ \insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 holdings in Great Domesday to Harding son of Alnoth (Clarke, }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 English Nobility}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , pp. 282-83), while Katharine Keats-Rohan has attributed 15 of the 17 1086 tenancies to the same man (}{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Domesday People}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p. 244). Of the other two, Ann Williams (}{ \i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 The English and the Norman Conquest}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p. 120 note 125) has shown that the Berkshire holding was probably held by the individual who held in Dorset and Wiltshire in 1086, and the seventeenth tenancy was held by a burgess of Oxford. The grounds for the majority of these attributions have not been stated but are relatively easy to reconstruct. 29 of the 33 }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 T.R.E.}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 holdings in Great Domesday were connected in some way with Earl Aubrey of Coucy. Three of these (WIL 67,60-62) were held by Harding at both dates, as were three of the remaining four holdings without the Coucy link. As the survival of more than one Englishman with an uncommon name holding the same properties at both dates within a limited area is improbable, all six pr o perties may have been held by the same individual. The final 1066 holding, at Winterslow (20,6) was connected indirectly to the other 32: Harding held another property in the same vill (WIL 23,3), one which also devolved upon Aubrey de Coucy. All 33 1066 h oldings therefore probably belonged to one man. Of the 1086 tenancies, Harding is named as the son of Alnoth in the Somerset holdings, which descended to the Meriet family through his eldest son Nicholas (SOM 47,3-8). The remaining properties in Berkshire , Dorset, Somerset, and Wiltshire have been discussed above, leaving those in Buckinghamshire, Gloucestershire, Hampshire, and Warwickshire to be accounted for. Ann Williams has suggested that the Gloucestershire Harding is the son of Alnoth, on grounds of proximity to the family's Bristol base (}{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 The English and the Norman Conquest}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p. 120); his connections with other royal manors and with Queen Edith offer a possible link with the Hampshire holding (HAM 6,1); and the Warwickshire holding lay between those he ld by Harding in the county in 1066 (17,30). The two modest, adjacent Buckinghamshire holdings have no discernible links to other Harding properties and may have belonged to another English survivor. Doubts have been raised about the identification of the 1066 landholder with Harding son of Alnoth, however, principally on the grounds that William of Malmesbury reports him to have been active in the 1120s (}{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Gesta regum}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p. 471), too old to have held land before the Conquest (Lewis, }{\cf17\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 'Formation of the Honour of Chester'}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , pp. 67-68). But the tenurial history of Beechingstoke (WIL 12,1) tends to confirm the identification. Harding held this manor in 1066, and Harding son of Alnoth was litigating about it in the reign of Henry I. Moreover, the tenant-in-chief of Be echingstoke was Shaftesbury Abbey, to which Harding son of Alnoth donated land when his daughter became a nun there: Williams, }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 The English and the Norman Conquest}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , pp. 120-21 (JP).}{ \insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 14,2\tab CLIFTON[-UPON-DUNSMORE]. The entry is summarized in 6,9 (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab ALWIN THE SHERIFF. See 5,1 Alwin note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 14,3\tab HARDING [* SON OF ALNOTH *]. See 14,1 Harding note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 14,4\tab SALO . As the two occurrences of this name in Domesday Book occur in adjacent vills, it is probable that they belonged to the same individual in 1066 (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 14,6\tab HARDING [* SON OF ALNOTH *]. See 14,1 Harding note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 15\tab LAND OF COUNTESS GODIVA. She was the widow of Earl Leofric, grandmother of Earl Edwin, died between 1066 and 1086. Her lands had not yet been granted to others (JRM). \par \tab \tab See also 17,42 Godiva note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 16\tab COUNT OF MEULAN. That is, Robert of Beaumont, who inherited Meulan through his mother.}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 His brother Henry, keeper of Warwick Castle since 1068, was created Earl of Warwick soon after 1086, and was granted Robert's Warwickshir e lands, soon after supplemented by Thorkil's (WAR 17 Thorkil note). These lands, with those of Robert of Stafford (WAR 22), comprise about three quarters of the Warwickshire lay holdings in Domesday (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 16,1\tab MYTON. See 17,60. It is probable that on Edwin's death My ton was equally divided}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 between the count and Thorkil, whose half the count held from him (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 16,3\tab KENTWIN. The name Kentwin occurs on three holdings in Domesday Book. They form a tight group and devolved upon the same tenant-in-chief and so they were probably held by one individual in 1066 (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 16,5\tab MARGINAL FIGURE. The }{ \i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 v}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 is in dark ink, as also in 16,6. 28,16-18. 30,2. 31,1-7. 38,1; they seem to be in the same hand as the body of the manuscript. All except 28,18 are reproduced in the Ord nance Survey facsimile. A majority of the figures correspond to about half the recorded hidage. Their meaning is unexplained (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 16,6\tab MARGINAL FIGURE. See 16,5 marginal note.}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 16,7\tab LEOFWIN . See 3,4 Leofwin note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab COULD SELL BUT COULD N OT DEPART WITH THE LAND. The distinction is unusual; most such men could}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 do neither or both (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 16,8\tab DEORMANN . Despite its handsome scale, this appears to have been the sole holding of this Deormann, the one recorded pre-Conquest landholder with this English name. There are no apparent links with the better known but comparatively poor Deormann of London who flourished after the Conquest (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab [HE WAS] A FREE MAN. The manuscript has }{ \i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 tenuit}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 repeated, probably in error for }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 fuit}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , as elsewhere (JRM).}{ \cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 16,9\tab SAXI . Although the name Saxi is not uncommon, its distribution in the Midlands is highly skewed, every estate held by a man of that name in Leicestershire and Warwickshire bar one devolving upon the count of Meulan. The one excep tion (44,2) is surrounded by the Meulan holdings so had probably belonged to the same individual (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab VALUE ... \'a33. The manuscript has }{ \i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 valuit .iii. lib'}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 . Farley, in error, }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 .vi. lib' }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 16,10\tab [* COUNTESS *] GYTHA. Countess Gytha was the wife of Earl R alph of Hereford and mother of another Earl Harold, easily confused with Gytha, wife of Earl Godwin and mother of Earl Harold Godwinson. She may have been the daughter of Osgod "Clapa" and widow of Tovi the proud: Williams, 'The king's nephew', pp. 327-43 . She was a major predecessor of William Peverel in Buckinghamshire which enables her to be identified as the Gytha who preceded him in his Northamptonshire manors. The links between Gytha and Peverel make it probable that the Countess Goda of BDF 22,2 and NTT S5 and NTT 10,5 are scribal errors for Countess Gytha, as also at NTT 23,1: see NTT 10,5 Gytha note. It also likely that the Goda who held two royal manors in Rutland was Countess Gytha: see RUT 1,5 Countess note. In all these cases, the particular re asons for the identifications are also supported by the fact that Countess Goda is not known to have held land anywhere north Twyford in Buckinghamshire (JP). \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab \tab When the two countesses are accounted for, there are only four other occurrences of the name Gyt ha in Domesday Book, any of which could refer to Countess Gytha of Hereford though only those at Tilton in Leicestershire and Walton in Warwickshire lay within the territory in which she and her family held land. Tilton lay just 10 miles from her husband' s manor of Stockerston (LEC 10,15) and a cluster of his other holdings, and Walton a similar distance from her son's manor of Burton Dassett (38,2), itself a few miles from his father's manor at Mollington (NTH 35,26); in view of the rarity of the name, it is perhaps more likely than not that both properties had been held by Countess Gytha. The remaining holdings of a Gytha, in Lincolnshire (LIN 53,6) and Yorkshire (5E35-36), are perhaps more likely to have belonged to other individuals given that her famil y had no known associations with either county. See also Clarke, }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 English Nobility}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , pp. 225-26, whose list omits dependencies and BDF 22,2. LEC 2,7. NTH 35,22. NTT 10,5. 23,1. RUT 1,5-6 and WAR 16,10 (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 16,11\tab KENTWIN. See 16,3 Kentwin note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 16,12\tab SAXI . See 16,9 Saxi note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 16,13\tab THEY WERE FREE. In the manuscript there is a gap between }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 lib'i}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 and }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 fuer'}{ \insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , equivalent to about two letters (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 16,15\tab THE COUNT [HOLDS]. The manuscript omits }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ten}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 et}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ], perhaps by accident, but see 16,43 holds note (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab SAXI . See 16,9 Saxi note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 16,16\tab BOVI . The name Bovi occurs on seven holdings, six of them in central England. Those in Leicestershire and Warwickshire, which devolv ed upon the Count of Meulun, are grouped around the two Northamptonshire holdings (one of which had been retained by the king in order to build a castle at Rockingham). Given this pattern and the rarity of the name, it is likely that they had been held by one individual before the Conquest. The sixth holding, in Nottinghamshire, is no more distant from this group than the holdings of the Count of Meulun are from each other, so this too may have belonged to the same individual (JP).}{ \insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 16,17\tab "DONNELIE".}{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Located as Wedgnock-Donele Wood; see Dugdale, }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Antiquities of Warwickshire}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p. 182, cited in }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 VCH Warwickshire}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , i. p. 313 (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 16,20\tab THEY WERE FREE. The manuscript has }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ferer'}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 in error for }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 fuer' }{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 16,22\tab IN THE MANUSCRIPT this entry is preceded by a small gap, reproduced by Farley. However, in the Phillimore printed edition the existence of this gap is concealed by the start of a new page (JRM).}{ \cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab CEOLRED . The name Ceolred occurs four times in Domesday Book, three times as a predecessor of the C ount of Mortain and once on a holding adjacent to Ceolred's Mortain property in Warwickshire. It is likely that one individual held all four properties before the Conquest. See also Williams, 'Vice-comital Family in pre-Conquest Warwickshire', p. 291 note 59 (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab GODRIC . Godric is a common name but the distribution of the eight holdings in Warwickshire is distinctive, indicating one or two individuals. Seven of the eight occur on the two fiefs of the Count of Meulan and Thorkil of Warwick , both these fiefs sharing several tenants and including a high proportion of English survivors. Four of the seven holdings were in Godric's hands in 1066, and two of the 1066 holdings were adjacent to these; all six were therefore probably held by the sa m e individual. The seventh holding, at Minsull (17,4), though detached from the others, was equidistant from the two groups into which the properties fell, around Settingdon and Astley; it is more likely than not that this, too, had been held by the same i ndividual. The eighth property (29,5) devolved upon a different tenant-in-chief and was a considerable distance from the other seven holdings; it had probably belonged to a second Godric. See also Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Domesday People}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p. 221 (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 16,23\tab GODRIC . See 16,22 Godric note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 16,24\tab INGENWULF . The name Ingenwulf occurs on four holdings in Domesday Book, one in Leicestershire and three in Warwickshire, all held from the Count of Meulan. The odds against one tenant-in-chief ha ving more than one tenant with the same name which was unique to his fief would involve a large number of zeros. Ancestor of the Bourton family: Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Domesday People}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p. 281 (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab ARNULF . If the holdings of Arnulf of Hesdin, Arnulf of Ardres, and Arnulf the priest are excluded, Arnulf is an uncommon name, occurring a dozen times and probably representing six individuals. The two Warwickshire holdings, held from the same tenant-in-chief and shared with a tenant with the rare name of Ingenwulf, will have belonged to the same individual. See also Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Domesday People}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p. 158 (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab LEOFNOTH [* SON OF OSMUND *]. Although Leofnoth is a common name, there is a pronounced pattern to its distribution in the south Midlands. All the est ates of Walter of Flanders in Northamptonshire (NTH 39,1-18) were acquired from Leofnoth, stated in the text to be the same individual. Walter also inherited the bulk of his estates in Bedfordshire (BDF 32,1;3-9) from Leofnoth, described as a royal thane i n most entries and evidently the same individual as his Northamptonshire predecessor. The royal thane Leofnoth also held one manor in Buckinghamshire (BUK 43,1). The only other Leofnoth in the county (BUK 12,38) was also a lord of men and possibly the sam e individual. This Leofnoth was named son of Osmund, the only appearance of this name in Domesday Book. His holding at Wavendon lay between the holdings of Walter's predecessor in Bedfordshire and Northamptonshire. Wavendon was also adjacent to the only ot h er two estates in Bedfordshire (BDF 33,1-2) held by a royal thane named Leofnoth. They were acquired by another Flemish tenant-in-chief, Walter brother of Sihere, probably the nephew of Walter of Flanders, one of whose holdings (32,15) strongly implies th at the two Walters had acquired their estates from the same Leofnoth, further strengthening his identification with the son of Osmund (JP). \par \tab \tab One other estate in Bedfordshire was held by a Leofnoth who was a lord of men, at Carlton (BDF 24,20), surrounded b y the holdings of the son of Osmund and so probably his, too. Finally, there were half-a-dozen other estates held by a Leofnoth in Northamptonshire which may have been his. These, unfortunately, do not give the lordship detail which would aid identificati o n; but the holding at Grimsbury (NTH 48,1) had been held 'with full jurisdiction' and had devolved upon another of the Flemish tenants-in-chief, Gunfrid of Chocques; and those at Litchborough and Croughton (NTH 13,1. 18,64) were held freely and adjacent t o other holdings of the son of Osmund. One of these devolved upon the Count of Mortain, who had acquired another holding from Leofnoth (NTH 18,40). That holding, though, was somewhat apart from the others and modestly endowed. Peter Clarke (}{ \i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 English nobility}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , pp. 319-20), adds Berkswell (NTH 19,2) to this list but, curiously, not the other holdings of Leofnoth acquired by the Count of Meulan (16,24;27;31. NTH 19,1;3) which have several features which link them. Although the links are not as convincing as tho s e discussed above, this Leofnoth might well be the son of Osmund: he held freely; some of the properties were modestly substantial; two of them were reasonably close to those of the son of Osmund; and no other Leofnoths held in Warwickshire or nearby. Lik e many others of his condition, Leofnoth son of Osmund may have been allowed to survive on a fragment of his former estate (NTH 39,13), as a tenant of Walter of Flanders at Plumpton (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 16,25\tab INGENWULF . See 16,24 Ingenwulf note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab ARNULF . See 16,24 Arnulf note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab GODRIC . See 16,22 Godric note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 16,26\tab HEREWARD . The name Hereward occurs on eight holdings (excluding Claims), in four counties, and may represent three individuals. All four holdings of an Hereward in Warwickshire had been held by the same man in both 1066 and 1086, a pattern so distinctive that there can be little doubt that the four were held by the same individual. Other English survivors also held from both Thorkil of Wa r wick and the Count of Meulan in 1086. Given the comparative rarity of the name, it is further possible that the Hereward who had held Evenlode in Worcestershire before the Conquest was the same individual. The distances involved make this plausible; and t w o Evesham satellite texts indicate that the 'held' of Domesday Book may be an error for 'holds' (and held), in which case the argument for identification is stronger: two survivors with an uncommon name in a restricted area is unlikely. Although it was ca utiously suggested by Freeman (}{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Norman Conquest}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 (2nd edition), iv. pp. 826-33), and less cautiously by some later writers, that this Hereward may have been the Hereward the Wake of legend, Domesday Book contains no evidence to support this; and absence of an y reference in the legendary sources to the Midland properties tends to confirm the silence of Domesday Book (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 16,27\tab LEOFNOTH [* SON OF OSMUND *]. See 16,24 Leofnoth note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 16,28\tab SAXI . See 16,9 Saxi note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 16,29\tab [IN MARTON HUNDRED].}{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 The missing heading might alternatively belong before 16,28 (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab KENTWIN. See 16,3 Kentwin note (JP).}{ \insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 16,30\tab INGENWULF . See 16,24 Ingenwulf note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 16,31\tab ROBERT . Note to be supplied (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab LEOFNOTH [* SON OF OSMUND *]. See 16,24 Leofnoth note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 16,32\tab HERLEWIN . The name Herlewin occurs nine times in Domesday Book and once more in }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Exon}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 . There are no apparent connections between the Herlewin who held Shuckburgh and the tenants of Luddington (HUN 19,19) and Shelswell (NTH 4,32) though these are sufficiently close to be connected (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 16,33\tab ROBERT . Note to be supplied (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 16,34\tab GILBERT . Note to be supplied (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab ORDRIC . The estates and identity of this Ordric, an uncle of Thorkil of Warwick, have been plausibly identified by Ann Williams, 'Vice-comital family in pre-Conquest Warwickshire', }{ \i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Anglo-Norman Studies}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , xi. (1989), p. 279-95. To her list should perhaps be added two holdings at Wishaw and Wormleighton (17,28;61), both of which devolved upon Thorkil of Warwick. The property at Wormleighton is surrounded by 'family' vills and Wishaw is adjacent to one, Lea Marston. Additionally, the holding at Wishaw was held at both dates, as wer e those at Calcutt and perhaps at Ettington. Two survivors with the same uncommon name, holding their properties at both dates and on the same fief, is an unlikely circumstance (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 16,35\tab HILLMORTON. Identified with Marton by Dugdale, }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Antiquities of Warwickshire}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , queried by }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 VCH Warwickshire}{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , i. p. 314, followed without query by }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Place-Names of Warwickshire}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , and }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Domesday Gazetteer}{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 . }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 VCH Warwickshire}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , i. p. 314 note 7, properly observed that Marton is always spelt }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Meretone}{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 in Domesday, and suggests Hillmorton. }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 VCH Warwickshire}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 . i. p. 342 note 2, confirmed the identifica\- tion with Hillmorton, but left [?Marton] uncorrected in 16,35;37. The conclusion is plainly right, since }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Mortone }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 is not }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Meretone}{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 and there is only one Morton in Marton Hundred (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab MEREWIN . The name Merewin occurs seven times in Domesday Book. The two Warwickshire holdings were almost certainly held by the same individual since they were shared with one Scroti, these being the only two occurrences of that name in Domesday Book . Given the rarity of the name, it is possible that the two Herefordshire properties - within easy reach - were held by the same individual though there are no other apparent links between them (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab SCROTI. The name Scroti occurs three times in Domesday, all in Warwickshire (16,35-36. 37,7). Although the holding in Temple Grafton devolved upon a different tenant-in-chief from the two in Hillmorton and was some distance from them, it is probable that all three had been held by the same individual in 1066 g iven that the tenure of Temple Grafton and one of the Hillmorton properties was shared with a Merewin, these being the only two occurrences of that uncommon name in Warwickshire (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab WALTHEOF . According to von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p. 403 note 1, all the instances of this name in Domesday refer to the earl (FT); but this cannot be the case on these four holdings (16,35-37;45), three of them still held by Waltheof in 1086. Two, in fact, were held at both da tes; and this plus the fact that three are in the same vill, make it virtually certain that they were held by one individual (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 16,36\tab WALTHEOF . See 6,35 Waltheof note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab SCROTI. See 16,35 Scroti note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 16,37\tab WALTHEOF . See 6,35 Waltheof note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 16,38\tab FULCO . Identified by Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Domesday People}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p. 202, who does not include the Leicestershire holding (LEC 44,7) though this was adjacent to two of the Warwickshire holdings, just across the county boundary and held from the same tenant-in-chief (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab SAXI . See 16,9 Saxi note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 16,39\tab FULCO . See 16,38 Fulco note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab SAXI . See 16,9 Saxi note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 16,40\tab ROBERT . Note to be supplied (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab SAXI . See 16,9 Saxi note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 16,41\tab SALO . See 14,4 Salo note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab ALGEAT . The name Algeat occurs on four widely separated holdings in Domesday Book, all of modest value, none close to any other, and each devolving upon a different tenant-in-chief. All were probably held by different individuals in 1066 (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 16,42\tab GODRIC . See 16,22 Godric note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 16,43\tab THE COUNT [HOLDS]. The manuscript omits }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ten}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 [}{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 et}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ], as in 16,15. Both omissions are in the first entry on a page (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab GODRIC . See 16,22 Godric note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab SAXI . See 16,9 Saxi note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 16,45\tab WALTHEOF . See 6,35 Waltheof note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 16,46\tab HEREWARD . See 16,26 Hereward note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 16,48\tab HEREWARD . See 16,26 Hereward note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 16,49\tab THE COUNT'S MANOR OF STONELEIGH. Omitted from Domesday. The virgate was probably in Barnacle (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab GILBERT . Note to be supplied (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 16,51\tab GILBERT . Note to be supplied (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 16,52\tab ROBERT . Note to be supplied (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 16,53\tab LEOFWIN . See 3,4 Leofwin note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab KETILBIORN . The name Ketilbiorn occurs on more than two dozen holdings in Domesday Book, probably representing four or five individuals. The three Warwickshire properties devolved upon three tenants-in-chief; but as they lay in adjacent vills and are remote from other holdings of a Ketilbiorn, they are likely to have belonged to a single individual. This Ketilbiorn has been plausibly identified as a brother of Thorkil of Warwick, and an uncle, Leofwin, each having an interest in one of Ketilbiorn's three properties: Williams, 'Vice-comital Family in pre-Conquest Warwickshire' (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 16,54\tab GILBERT . Note to be supplied (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 16,55\tab COUNT'S MANOR. See 16,6 (JRM).}{ \cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 16,56\tab BOVI . See 16,16 Bovi note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 16,57\tab GILBERT . Note to be supplied (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab AELFRIC . The estates and identity of this Aelfric, an uncle of Thorkil of Warwick, have been plausibly identified by Ann Williams, 'Vice-comital Family in pre-Conquest Warwickshire'. Three of these holdings (17,32. 22,20,27) are attributed t o an Aelric, almost certainly a scribal error for Aelfric. The clearest case is that of the holding at Flecknoe itself, a vill in which three other relatives of Aelfric held land and Aelric held in 1086, a distinctive characteristic of the majority of Aelf ric of Fleckoe's holdings and of those of several of his relatives and a characteristic shared with the other two holdings attributed to Aelric (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 16,58\tab TACHBROOK [MALLORY]. }{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 The brook that names the place (}{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Place-Names of Warwickshire}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p. 258) separates t he bishop's holding (2,3) from the lay holding; it is the boundary between hundreds, and also between the dioceses of Lichfield (Chester) and Worcester. The Bishop of Chester's holding lay in Worcester diocese (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab BALDWIN [* SON OF HERLEWIN *]. Baldwin 's father, Herlewin, came to England even before the reign of Edward the Confessor. Baldwin himself had a substantial holding before the Conquest and survived to hold under the Conqueror. The bulk of his holdings can be established from his distinctive pr e -Conquest name and the links which this establishes. His holdings in 1086 were significantly different from those in 1066, only two being in his hands at both dates (BUK 17,15;24). Broadly speaking, his pre-Conquest lands were re-distributed to Hugh of Gr a ndmesnil and William son of Ansculf, with Miles Crispin obtaining three holdings and several other tenants-in-chief a manor apiece. William son of Ansculf then re-endowed him with the bulk of his post-Conquest fee. See Lewis, 'The French in England before the Norman Conquest'; Clarke, }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 English Nobility}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , pp. 257-58; both lists include only Baldwin's pre-Conquest holdings (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 16,59\tab GILBERT . Note to be supplied (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab TUBBI . The name Tubbi occurs twice in Domesday Book, on modest, widely separated holdings with no discernible connection to each other; they are likely to have belonged to different individuals (JP).}{ \insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 16,61\tab 4 HIDES LESS 1 VIRGATE. Transposition marks correct the word order (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab "ESTAN" . Apart from the Bisho p of Hereford, the name }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Estan}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 occurs on fifteen holdings in Domesday Book, probably representing seven or eight individuals. The closest namesake to the }{ \i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Estan}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 of Loxley is at Weedon in Northamptonshire (NTH 18,29). Given the comparative rarity of the name, a connection is possible but there are no discernible links (JP).}{ \insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 16,63\tab FULCO . See 16,38 Fulco note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 16,64\tab ODARD . The name Odard occurs on one fief and eight other holdings in Domesday Book, probably representing six in dividuals. The modest Warwickshire holding is remote from all others with which it has no tenurial or other links either before or after the Conquest. This is probably the sole property of Odard of Ilmington. Keats-Rohan, }{ \i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Domesday People}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p. 307, identifies this Odard (}{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Odardus}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ) with Howard (}{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Huardus}{ \insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ), tenant of Hugh of Grandmesnil in Leicestershire : LEC 13,32-33;52;74 (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 17\tab THORKIL OF WARWICK. }{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 That is, Thorkil of Arden (see 7,1 Hill note), son of Alwin, sheriff of Warwickshire before and after 1066. He was one of the few English magnates who retained their lands in 1086, but soon afterwards his inheritance (} {\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 patrimonium}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 )}{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 was granted by William II 'at the begin\- ning of his reign' to the Earl of Warwick (see WAR 16 count note) 'to supplement the earldom (}{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 in comitatus supplementum}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 )'; see Stevenson, }{ \i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Chronicon}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , ii. p. 20. The reason is not known. It may be that his son (7,1 Hill note) died before him, and that he left no direct heir. His family, the Ardens, held some land from the Earls of Warwick for another 200 years (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 17,3\tab ANOTHER BICKENHILL. Perhaps Middle Bickenhill: }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Place-Names of Warwickshire}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p. 59 (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab AELFRIC . See 16,57 Aelfric note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 17,4\tab GODRIC . See 16,22 Godric note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 17,6\tab ALWIN ^[THE SHERIFF]^. See 5,1 Alwin note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 17,7\tab [IN COLESHILL HUNDRED]. In the entries of Thorkil's men's land, up to 17,61, seven hundred headings are omitted, one is misplaced, and only one (17,57) is rightly placed (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 17,8\tab ALMER . T he name Almer is too common to be identified with particular individuals in most cases, but its distribution in Warwickshire is distinctive, and all these holdings may have been held by one individual. The estates of this Almer, an uncle of Thorkil of War wick, have been plausibly identified by Ann Williams, 'Vice-comital family in pre-Conquest Warwickshire', }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Anglo-Norman Studies}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , xi. (1989), p. 279-95. Although four of them (17,15. 23,1-2;4) are attributed to an 'Aelmer' (}{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Ailmarus}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ), this is almost certainly a scribal error for 'Almer' (}{ \i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Almarus}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ) as they have the characteristic links with 'family' vills or family members demonstrated by Ann Williams, reinforced by connections with Robert of Stafford and Robert d'Oilly (}{ \i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ibid}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 . pp. 283-84). A fifth holding attrib uted to an 'Aelmer' (not listed by Dr Williams) is also probably an error for Almer of Barston since this property (28,2) was held in 1086, as were the majority of Almer's properties, and was inherited from his nephew, Thorkil of Warwick (JP).}{ \insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab LONGDON. }{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Merged with Ulverley in Solihull: }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Place-Names of Warwickshire}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p. 67 (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab ERNWULF . The name Ernwulf occurs on eight or nine (if NTT 9,89 is included) holdings in Domesday Book, each probably belonging to a different individual. None of the ho ldings are substantial, all are distant from each other, and none shared English predecessors or Norman tenants-in-chief. Five of the holdings were pre-Conquest tenures, three or four post-Conquest. These latter may well have been of continental origin (a s was certainly the case at Leake in Nottinghamshire), making more remote the slight possibility that any of the Ernwulfs were related to each other. The two Warwickshire holdings are more than 20 miles apart and have no apparent connections. It is not eve n certain that the two names are the same: }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Ernulfus}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 in Bidford, }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Arnul}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 in Longdon (JP).}{ \insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 17,9\tab [* ALMUND FATHER OF ALWARD *]. See 12,3 Almund note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 17,10\tab EDWIN THE SHERIFF. See 17,18 Edwin note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 17,13\tab DOSTHILL. }{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 See }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Place-Names of Warwickshire}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p. 17 (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab "UNTAIN". }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 The Domesday form }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Vntain}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 only occurs here in Domesday. It }{ \insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 might represent Old Norse }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Otamr}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , Old Swedish }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Otam}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , or it might derive from Old English }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Wulfstan}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , or it might represent Old English }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Hunstan}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 : von Feilitzen, }{ \i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p. 402. The printed Phillimore edition has Untan, but in view of the uncertainty, it has been decided to keep to the Domesday form. The Alecto edition has Untan. The Domesday name-forms }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Vntoni}{ \insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 [}{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 us}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ] of 17,69 and }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Vntan}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 of STS 12,2 3, both rendered Untan in the Phillimore printed edition, might represent any of the same names, but they also have been retained in their Domesday form. The Alecto edition has Unton for 17,69 and Untan for STS 12,23.}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab \tab As there are no other holdings of pe ople with Domesday name-forms resembling }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Untain}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Untan}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 and }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Unton}{ \insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 and as the land of "Vnton" in Coughton (17,69) passed to Robert d'Oilly like the present land, it is likely that the names "Untain" and "Unton" represent the same individual despite Coughton and Dosthill being 25 miles apart. It is also likely that the "Untan" of STS 12,23 was the same person, though his land in Bradley passed to William son of Ansculf, and Bradley is 22 miles from Coughton and 17 miles from Dosthill.}{ \insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 17,15\tab THE ENTRY is duplic ated in 23,4, with a different first line, listing 10 hides under Robert the bursar. The exact correspondence of unusual detail in the remaining four lines makes it unlikely that this is a divided holding like Myton (16,1 Myton note) and Shuttington (16,2 2-23). The probable cause of duplication and dispute is that the land was sold to Thorkil's father, but had been held by Robert the bursar's predecessor, Aelmer (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab [* ALMER *] . See 17,8 Almer note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab ALWIN THE SHERIFF. See 5,1 Alwin note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 17,16\tab BADDESLEY [ENSOR]. }{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Rather than Baddesley Clinton; see }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 VCH Warwickshire}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 . i. p. 320 note 2; }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Place-Names of Warwickshire}{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p. 14 (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab ARNKETIL . Note to be supplied (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab CEOLRED . See 16,22 Ceolred note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 17,17\tab [IN}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 MARTON HUNDRED]. Since 17,17-27 are all in Marton Hundred, the hundred heading at 17,28 is misplaced (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 17,18\tab EDWIN [* THE SHERIFF *]. The estates and identity of this Edwin have been plausibly identified by Ann Williams, 'Vice-comital family in pre-Conquest Warwickshire', }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Anglo-Norman Studies}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , xi. (1989), p. 279-95. Napton (17,28) should probably be added to the estates listed there since it was surrounded by the 'family' vills of Calcutt, Flecknoe and Ladbrooke and acquired (like some other family holdings) by Robert (d'Oilly).}{ \insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 17,19\tab EDWIN [* THE SHERIFF *]. See 17,18 Edwin note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 17,20\tab RICHARD [* THE FORESTER *]. The same man as Richard the hunter; see 44,7 hunter note.}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab EDWIN [* THE SHERIFF *]. See 17,18 Edwin note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 17,21\tab ALMER . See 17,8 Almer note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab EDWIN [* THE SHERIFF *]. See 17,18 Edwin note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 17,22\tab ALMER . See 17,8 Almer note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab EDWIN [* THE SHERIFF *]. See 17,18 Edwin note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 17,23\tab EDWIN [* THE SHERIFF *]. See 17,18 Edwin note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 17,24\tab EDWIN [* THE SHERIFF *]. See 17,18 Edwin note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 17,25\tab EDWULF . Note to be supplied (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab EDWIN [* THE SHERIFF *]. See 17,18 Edwin note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 17,26\tab EDWIN [* THE SHERIFF *]. See 17,18 Edwin note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 17,27\tab FREEMEN.}{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Franci homines }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 occur, for example, in WOR 8,26, there meaning all the free men of Westminster's two hundreds (JRM).}{ \insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 17,28\tab EDWIN [* THE SHERIFF *]. See 17,18 Edwin note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 17,29\tab OSLAC . The name Oslac occurs on eighteen holdings in Domesday Book, probably representing between thirteen and fifteen individuals. The distribution is curious, falling into four distinct groups, in Devon, Shropshire, the Midlands, and East Anglia and Essex. It is possible that the Midland group had all belonged to one individual, named Oslac White (NTH 1,21) since all of the properties lay within a radius of some 15 miles from the centre of the group and no other Oslacs occur with a hundred miles. Two of this group held land in 1086, a possible link between Oslac of Flecknoe and t he Oslac of the holdings clustered around Lubenham (NTH 60,1). There are, however, no tenurial relationships between Oslac White and the Oslac of Flecknoe, Swinford and Lubenham which would help to confirm a linkage.}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab EDWIN [* THE SHERIFF *]. See 17,18 Edwin note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 17,30\tab HARDING [* SON OF ALNOTH *]. See 14,1 Harding note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 17,31\tab ORDRIC . See 16,34 Orderic note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 17,32\tab [* AELFRIC *] . See 16,57 Aelfric note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab ALWIN ^[THE SHERIFF]^. See 5,1 Alwin note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 17,33\tab GILBERT . Note to be supplied (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab HEREWARD . See 16,26 Hereward note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 17,36\tab GILBERT . Note to be supplied (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 17,37\tab ORDRIC . See 16,34 Orderic note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 17,41\tab GODRIC . See 16,22 Godric note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 17,42\tab ALDGYTH . The name Aldgyth occurs eighteen times in Domesday Book, probably representing a dozen individuals. As no other post-Conquest landowner of that name held land within 50 miles of this small property, it was probab ly the only possession of its holder (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab [* COUNTESS *] GODIVA. Countess Godiva was the wife of Earl Leofric of Mercia, mother of Earl Algar and grandmother of Earls Edwin and Morcar. The name is not uncommon but there are few other Godivas who might be suspected of being the countess. Of those which lay within Leofricson territory, that at Furtho (NTH 18,34) was a modest holding, remote from others and without tenurial associations; it is unlikely to have belonged to the countess. Newton on the other h and lay close to the holdings of the countess in Warwickshire, and no other of Godiva held within the county. For the Staffordshire holdings see STS 11,37 Godiva note; and for Derbyshire, see DBY 3,2 Countess note. See also Clarke, }{ \i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 English Nobility}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , pp. 217-18 (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 17,44\tab 'BIGGIN'. }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Including both Biggin Farm and Biggin Mills: }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Place-Names of Warwickshire}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , pp. 117-18 (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 17,47\tab ALWIN [* THE SHERIFF *]. See 5,1 Alwin note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 17,48\tab [IN COLESHILL HUNDRED?]. Entered between places in }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \lquote Bumbelowe\rquote }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Hundred and Stoneleigh Hundred. There is no Marston in Stoneleigh Hundred. Marston Jabbett in }{ \insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \lquote Bumbelowe\rquote }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Hundred is unlikely; probably Lea Marston in Coleshill Hundred, rather than Marston-on-Avon in Marton Hundred. On the Marstons, see \{ Introduction: The Identification of Places\}(JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 17,50\tab ORDRIC . See 16,34 Orderic note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 17,51\tab ARNKETIL . Note to be supplied (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 17,53\tab WULFWY. Possibly identical with Wulfwin (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 17,56\tab EDWIN [* THE SHERIFF *]. See 17,18 Edwin note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab KETILB[IORN] . The manuscript has }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Chetelb}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 er}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ]}{ \i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 t}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 us}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ]. An early modern English translation of a lost charter of 1072 (Eyton, 'Staffordshire Cartulary I', pp. 178-79, cited in }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 VCH Warwickshire}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 . i. p. 278) makes }{ \i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Ketelbearne}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 brother of Thorkil, probably here intended (JRM). }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 [See von Feilitzen, }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p. 304 note 4.] \par }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab \tab See also }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 16,53 Ketilbiorn note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 17,57\tab ALMER . See 17,8 Almer note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab ORDRIC . See 16,34 Orderic note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 17,58\tab ALMER . See 17,8 Almer note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 17,59\tab ORDRIC . See 16,34 Orderic note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab ALWIN [* THE SHERIFF *]. See 5,1 Alwin note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 17,60\tab MYTON. }{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 See 16,1 Myton note. The entry is inserted at the top of a column [folio 240d] in the middle of entries in}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \lquote Hunesberi\rquote }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Hundred (JRM). }{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab R. HALEBOLD BOUGHT THIS LAND. Possibly for }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Hanc terram emit R. de Halebold}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ('R(obert) bought this land from Halebold'). Since }{ \i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Halebrix}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 and }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Alebrix}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 occur several times in Devon (}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 von Feilitzen }{ \i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p.}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 180), apparent\-ly for Aelfric, }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Halebold}{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 might conceal Albold, or conceivably Haligbold, a man who had held from Thorkil (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 17,61\tab ORDRIC . See 16,34 Orderic note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 17,62\tab TONNI . See 2,2 Tonni note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab ALWIN ^[THE SHERIFF]^. See 5,1 Alwin note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 17,64\tab AELFRIC . See 16,57 Aelfric note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 17,65\tab ALMER . See 17,8 Almer note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 17,67\tab CHESTERTON. The }{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Abingdon Chronicle claimed that it was granted with Hill (7,1 Hill note) [by Thorkil of Arden: Stevenson, ii. p. 8] but does not mention the pledged hide (17,68) (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 17,68\tab CHESTERTON. See 17,67 Chesterton note.}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 17,69\tab WILLIAM [* BONVALLET *].}{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Evidently William Bonvallet, since he held 1 house in Warwick; see B2 (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab "UNTON".}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 See 17,13 "Untain" note.}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 17,70\tab NUNEATON.}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 A possible, but unlikely, alternative is Water or Wood Eaton in Oxfordshire, held by Robert and his 'sworn brother' Roger of Ivry (OXF 28,5. 29,7). A lost place in }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 "Fernecumbe"}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Hundr ed is possible (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab ALWIN [* THE SHERIFF *]. See 5,1 Alwin note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 18,2\tab BALDWIN [* SON OF HERLEWIN *]. See }{ \insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 16,58 Baldwin note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 18,3\tab BALDWIN [* SON OF HERLEWIN *]. }{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 See }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 16,58 Baldwin note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 18,4\tab PALLI . The name Palli occurs twice in Domesday Book, representing two individuals since it is improbable that the Warwickshire tenant was also the man holding a mill across the Bristol Channel (GLS 58,3).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 18,7\tab LAPWORTH \'bd HIDE. Hemming [Hearne, } {\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Hemingi Chartularium}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p. 267] reports that the \'bd hide paid one shilling a year to Worcester at the Feast of the Assump\-tion, and the Worcester Register (folio 79 b, cited in }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 VCH Warwickshire}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 . i. p. 287) claimed 8d a year as church-tax at Martinmas (JRM) . [The details contained in this note and in 18,7 Baldwin note are given in Hemming in a list of places in Worcestershire; those in Warwickshire are listed separately (pp. 277-79), where another }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Lappawurthin}{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 is mentioned in a list of lands alienated from the church of Worcester, but without any details. It is likely therefore that the }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Lappawurthin}{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 listed among Worcestershire places is in fact 'Lyppard' (WOR 2,71). This is supported by the fact that, according to Domesday, 'Lyppard' (but not Lapworth) 'paid 8d each year to the Church of Worcester for church tax and acknowledgement of the land'; moreover, a Baldwin was a subtenant. The existence of two places called }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Lappawurthin}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 in different counties but with a connection to the church of Worcester, one with a Baldwin as subtenant, the other having been held by a Baldwin, is certainly an odd coincidence. Although Keats-Rohan, }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Domesday People}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p. 161, does not include any references to Warwickshire in her list of the holdings of Baldwin son of Herlewin, all the holdings of Baldwin in this county are included under Herlewin's son in Clarke, }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 The English Nobility}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p. 258; see also STS 12,15 Baldwin note.]}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab BALDWIN [* SON OF HERLEWIN *]. \'bd hide in Lapworth [}{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Lappawurthin}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ] was granted by Bishop Brictheah to Herlewin, his comp}{ \cf1\insrsid13195204\charrsid13195204 a}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 nion as escort to Cnut's daughter Gunhild at her marriage to [Henry, son of] the emp}{\cf1\insrsid13195204\charrsid13195204 e}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 r or Conrad in 1036: Hearne, }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Hemingi Chartularium}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p. 267. Before 1066, a Baldwin son of Herlewin held manors in Gloucestershire (GLS 1,22) and Buckinghamshire (B UK 4,31). He is therefore probably the Baldwin who held Lapworth from Hugh, and perhaps also the Baldwin who was Hugh's predecessor in Gloucestershire, Leicestershire, Northamptonshire and Oxfordshire, as well as the Warwickshire Baldwin (JRM). [This note assumes that Hemming's }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Lappawurthin}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 is Lapworth; see, however, 18,7 Lapworth note.]}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab \tab See }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 16,58 Baldwin note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 18,8\tab BALDWIN [* SON OF HERLEWIN *]. }{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 See }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 16,58 Baldwin note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 18,10\tab BALDWIN [* SON OF HERLEWIN *]. }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 See }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 16,58 Baldwin note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 18,12\tab WHATCOTE. }{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 In the manuscript, read [}{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 in W}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ]}{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 atercote}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 . The last stroke of the }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 W}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 seems legible (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 18,13\tab BALDWIN [* SON OF HERLEWIN *]. }{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 See }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 16,58 Baldwin note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 18,14\tab BALDWIN [* SON OF HERLEWIN *]. }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 See }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 16,58 Baldwin note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 18,15\tab HUGH SON OF CONSTANTIN E. [A William son of Constantine appears]}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 in BUK 33 and ESS 74 (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 18,16\tab BALDWIN [* SON OF HERLEWIN *]. }{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 See }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 16,58 Baldwin note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 19\tab LAND OF HENRY OF FERRERS. His heirs were Earls of Derby and Nottingham, probably from}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 1138 (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 19,1\tab SIWARD BARN.}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 He joined Hereward, Edwin and Morcar in the Ely rebellion of 1071.}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 'Barn' probably had the same meaning as Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 cilt }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ('Childe', 'born to an inheritance', 'well born') (JRM). [See NTT S5 Siward note.]}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 19,3\tab WAZELIN . }{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 A man of this name is also a tenant of Henry of Ferrers in Leicestershire (LEC 14,14) and Warwickshire (19,3;5). }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Domesday People}{ \insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p. 445 (under Walchelin) identifies him with the Vasolinus who was a benefactor of Tutbury Priory (}{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Tutbury Cartulary}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p. 65 (= }{ \i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Monasticon Anglicanum}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , iii p. 392))}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , and as a possible relative of Henry of Ferrers and ancestor of the de Boscherville family (JP).}{ \insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 19,4\tab SASWALO . }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 According to }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 VCH Warwickshire}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , i. pp. 281-82, he was ancestor of the Shirley family: s}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ee DBY 6,47 Saswalo note.}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 19,5\tab WAZELIN . See 19,3 Wazelin note.}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 20,1\tab SO HE SAYS}{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 . The manuscript has }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ut dicit }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 with a flourish to the top stroke of the }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 -t}{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ; not, as Farley, }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ut dicit'}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 suggesting }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 dicit}{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ur}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ] (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 21\tab IN THE MANUSCRIPT there is a large space, of 2 \'bd inches, between chapters 20 and 21 (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab LAND OF ROBERT D\rquote OILLY. He was s}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 heriff of Warwickshire from early to late 1080s (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 21,1\tab AELFRIC . See 16,57 Aelfric note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 22\tab LAND OF ROBERT OF STAFFORD. Younger brother of Ralph of Tosny, steward of Normandy. His heirs remained lords, and ultimately Earls of Stafford (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 22,1\tab VAGN . The name Vagn occurs nine times in Domesday Book, eight times in the Midlands and once in East Anglia, a distribution which may indicate two individuals. The seven Warwickshire holdings (22,1-2;4;6-7;9;23) form a compact group and devolved upon the same tenant-in-chief making it probable that this Vagn (}{ \i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Waga}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ) was a single individual. Th e Staffordshire holding (STS 12,25), though acquired by a different tenant-in-chief, lay just across the county boundary, its proximity to the Warwickshire holdings of the man with this uncommon name suggesting that this, too, had belonged to the same per son in 1066 (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 22,2\tab IN LORDSHIP [*** PLOUGHS]. The manuscript omits the figure for the number of ploughs after }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 sunt}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab A PRIEST. His church was given by Robert II of Stafford to his foundation, Stone Priory between 1138 and 1147; see }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 VCH Staffordshire}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , iv. p. 240}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab VAGN . See 22,1 Vagn note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 22,3\tab GODWIN HELD IT FREELY. The manuscript has }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 tenuit}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 clearly; the -}{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 u}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 - is underinked in most copies of Farley (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 22,4\tab A PRIEST. His church was given by Robert II of Stafford to his foundation, Stone Priory between 1138 and 1147; see }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 VCH Staffordshire}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , iv. p. 240.}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab VAGN . See 22,1 Vagn note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 22,6\tab VAGN . See 22,1 Vagn note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 22,7\tab VAGN . See 22,1 Vagn note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 22,9\tab WOOTTON [WAWEN]}{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 . Named from Vagn, the }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 T.R.E.}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 holder.}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab \tab Wootton Wawen lay in Pathlow Hundred, three miles north-east of}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Pathlow, along the line of a possible Roman road from Stratford to Metchley (in Birming\-ham University grounds), but surrounded by places in }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 "Fernecumbe"}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Hundred. Since Pathlow is central to the combined hundred, but on the border between the Domesday hundreds, it is likely that }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 "Fernecumbe" Hundred}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , mentioned only in Domesday, was a comparatively recent separation from Pathlow Hundred. Wootton may have been entirely enclosed by }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 "Fernecumbe"}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Hundred, or the narrow strip linking it with Pathlow, now followed by the Stratford Canal, may have re\-mained in Pathlow Hundred (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab A PRIEST. Half his church, together with a mill was given by Robert II of Stafford to his foundation, Stone Priory between 1138 and 1147; see }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 VCH Staffordshire}{ \insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , iv. p. 240}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab VAGN . See 22,1 Vagn note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 22,10\tab WHICH [ARE] THERE. The Latin reads }{ \i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ii.}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 car' q}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 uae}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ]}{ \i\f44\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ibi \'e7 }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 (for }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 sunt}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ); this is a manuscript grammatical error (JRM).}{ \cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 22,11\tab THIS ENTRY is preceded by a small space, not shown in Farley (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab AELFRIC . See 16,57 Aelfric note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 22,13\tab ALWY.}{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Possibly intended for Alwin, 22,14 (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 22,15\tab EWEIN.}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Iuuein }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 is probably a form of the Welsh and Breton name Ewein, Owen. English}{ \insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Ewing, Iving (}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 von Feilitzen }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , pp. }{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 249, 300) is a possible but less likely alternative (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 22,16\tab BRIAN . The name Brian occurs wit hout a byname on a dozen holdings in Domesday Book. Given the uncommon name and the geographical and tenurial patterns, there were probably three individuals bearing the name, the tenant of Robert of Stafford in Warwickshire, ancestor of the de Stanton fa mily, being one of them. See also Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Domesday People}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p. 171 (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 22,19\tab HUGH . Note to be supplied (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab GRIMULF . The name Grimulf occurs on five holdings in Domesday Book. The Grimulf of this modest Warwickshire property is unlikely to be connected with his remote namesakes in Essex and Suffolk (JP).}{ \insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 22,20\tab [* AELFRIC *] . See 16,57 Aelfric note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 22,21\tab HUGH . Note to be supplied (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab '[RUIN] CLIFFORD'. }{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Across the river from Clifford Chambers. 'Ruin' from Old English }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 rygen }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ('rye'); see }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Place-Names of Warwickshire}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p. 239 (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 22,23\tab HERVEY . Note to be su pplied (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab VAGN . See 22,1 Vagn note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 22,24\tab "URFER" . The name "Urfer" occurs on four holdings in Domesday Book, all held from the Robert of Stafford. The odds against one tenant-in-chief having two tenants with a name whic h was unique to his fief would involve a large number of zeros. His holdings were held by Roger son of Henry in 1166: Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Domesday People}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p. 281 (JP).}{ \insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 22,25\tab DROGO . Note to be supplied (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 22,26\tab JUDICAEL [* THE PRIEST *].}{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 The manuscript has }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Iudichel}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , rather than }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Ludichel}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , as Farley. In Domesday script, }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 L}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 and }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 I }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 are easily}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 }{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 confused. The }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 I }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 of }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Iudichel}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 here is exactly paralleled by the } {\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 I}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 of }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Iuhell}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , in 28,3.}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \par }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab \tab He is called a priest in a charter of Robert of Stafford, cited,}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 without reference, in }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 VCH Warwickshire}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 . i. p. 286 (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 22,27\tab [* AELFRIC *] . See 16,57 Aelfric note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 23\tab LAND OF ROBERT THE BURSAR. He was the brother of Urso of Abetot, sheriff of Worcestershire (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 23,1\tab THE MARGINAL }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 fr}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , in thinner letters, may be by the same hand, but might be later. Unexplained. It is conceivably intended to be}{ \insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 completed as}{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 fr}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ater}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ]}{ \i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Ursonis }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ('brother of Urso') (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab AELMER [* ALMER *] . See 17,8 Almer note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 23,2\tab AELMER [* ALMER *] . See 17,8 Almer note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 23,3\tab ALWIN [* THE SHERIFF *]. See 5,1 Alwin note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 23,4\tab BARSTON. See 17,15 entry note (JRM).}{ \cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab AELMER [* ALMER *] . See 17,8 Almer note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab ALWIN THE SHERIFF. See 5,1 Alwin note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 24,1\tab THE VALUE WAS \'a3[3?]. The manuscript is} {\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 damaged: }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 iii}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 is discernible and probable, but }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 iiii}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 is possible (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab ALRIC [* AELRIC *] SON OF MERGEAT. See 24,2 Aelric note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 24,2\tab AELRIC [* SON OF MERGEAT *]. }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Aelric son of Mergeat was Robert's predecessor in Warwickshire (24,1-2). }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 He is probably the }{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Aelric }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 who preceded Robert of Vessey in Lincolnshire (LIN 37,1-2;6) and the Alric who preceded him in his single holding in Northamptonshire (NTH 29,1): }{ \i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 VCH Leicestershire}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , i. p. 293. In Lincolnshire, the 5 holdings of an Aelric in the h ands of Baldwin (LIN 65,1-5) had belonged to Doddington and Westminster Abbey before the Conquest, making it likely that this Aelric was also the son of Mergeat. }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 The same man confirmed Doddington (Lincolnshire) with its jurisdiction of Thorpe-on-the Hill on Westminster Abbey (LIN 9,1-2. CK27): }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Bates, }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum}{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ,}{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 no. 315 pp. 928-29, no. 324 pp. 945-55; see Harvey, }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Westminster Abbey Estates}{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p. 348 }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 (JP)}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 .}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 25,1\tab EDRIC [* THE WILD *]. }{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Probably Edric the wild, nephew or grandson of Edric Streo na (see 1,6 shire note). His Herefordshire lands also passed to Ralph. He resisted the king until 1070, but accompanied him to Scotland in 1072. A confused local tradition reports a rebellion, that ended with his capture and imprisonment by Ralph (JRM).}{ \insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 26,1\tab BUDBROOKE.}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Written as though it were a hundred name (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 27,2\tab STENKIL . The name Stenkil occurs seven times in Domesday Book, probably representing five individuals. All the properties were of modest size and value and, with the exception o f two of the Lincolnshire holdings, widely separated, held from different tenants-in-chief, and with no other known connections between them. The Warwickshire Stenkil, who had held at both dates, was the only survivor among the seven (JP).}{ \insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 27,4\tab DROGO . Note to be supplied (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab ASKI . Perhaps identical with Eskil, }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Aschi }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 written for }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Aschil }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 (JRM). \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab \tab Unless it is a variant form of Eskil (}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 von Feilitzen, }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p. 168), t}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 he name Aski occurs four times in Domesday Book, on widely separated and modestly or poorly endowed holdings. There are no apparent links between this Aski and the one recorded Eskil in Warwickshire (17,15) (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 27,5\tab RICHARD.}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Ricoardus}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ,}{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 }{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 probably for }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Ricardus}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 27,6\tab THIS ENTRY is a duplicate of STS 12,22 (JRM). [See STS 12,22 entry note.]}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab COUNTESS GODIVA. See 17,42 Godiva note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 28\tab LAND OF WILLIAM SON OF CORBUCION. No space was left between the initial capital of this chapter heading and the preceding line; chapter number and title were added between the lines (JRM). \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab \tab William was appointed sheriff of Warwickshire soon after 1086 (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 28,1\tab THORKIL BATTOCK. On the byname, see Tengvik, }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Old English Bynames}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p. 288 (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 28,2\tab [* ALMER *] . See 17,8 Almer note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 28,3\tab IUDHAEL . Two other individuals bore this name - Iudhael of Totnes and Iudhael the reeve in Gloucestershire - neither of whom can be related to the Warwickshire tenant (JP).}{ \insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 28,4\tab ORDRIC . See 16,34 Orderic note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 28,8\tab JOHAIS. The name Johais occurs on two holdings in Domesday Book, both of which devolved upon the same tenant-in-chief. The chances of a tenant-in-chief have two predecessors with the same rare name are va nishingly small (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab SAEWOLD . Apart from Abbot Saewold, whose name occurs only in }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Exon}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 . (SOM 7,15 note), the name Saewold occurs on thirteen holdings in Domesday Book, probably representing six individuals. The Saewold with one and a half ploughlands in Weston in 1066 had no namesakes sufficiently close to be plausibly linked to him (JP).} {\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 28,10\tab JOHAIS. See 28,8 Johais note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab VIKING . The name Viking occurs on eighteen holdings in Domesday Book, probably representing five or six individuals. Two of the Warwickshire properties lay in the same vill, while the third is a similar distance from them as the single holding in Buckinghamshire (BUK 23,9). All four properties are of a similar, moderate size, and no other Viking occur within a hundred miles so it is possible that all four had belonged to one individual in 1066 though there are no other links to confirm this (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 28,14\tab 8 STICKS OF EELS. See 3,3 stick note.}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 28,15\tab WILLIAM HOLDS 1 HIDE HIMSELF. Unusually, his men's land is entered first (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 28,16\tab MARGINAL FIGURE. The marginal }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ii 7 d'. }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ('2 \'bd ')}{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 are probably virgates, as in 28,17-18, or hides. See 16,5 marginal note (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab A SALT-HOUSE. }{ \i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Salina }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 comprehends all kinds of salt workings from coastal salt pans to the boilers of Worcestershire and Cheshire, with their associated sheds and buildings. 'Salt-house' is the most comprehensive term (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 28,17\tab MARGINAL FIGURE. See 16,5 marginal note (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 28,18\tab MARGINAL FIGURE. See 16,5 marginal note (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 28,19\tab IN CUTTLESTONE HUNDRED. Cuttlestone is the name of a Staffordshire hundred and William's estate lay in that county in 1086 as later, being wrongly included in Warwickshire probably as a result of a misdivision of mater ial when it was drawn from the putative circuit volume in which all the lands of William son of Corbucion in several counties were probably in a single schedule. The 'In Staffordshire' heading was perhaps missing or not noticed by the main scribe of Great Domesday. As a result of this misallocation, this estate does not appear in the Staffordshire folios, though an estate that William son of Corbucion held in Oxfordshire is wrongly entered there (see STS 12,30 entry note). This suggests that an 'In Oxfords hire' heading was also missing.}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab CHILLINGTON. This was a place in Brewood Ancient Parish, Staffordshire. It lay in the Staffordshire hundred of Cuttlestone in 1086 and later: }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Feudal Aids}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , v. p. 2; }{ \i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Lay Subsidy Roll (1334}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ), p. 282. Chillington was probably, i n 1086, an alienated part of the Bishop of Chester's important and ancient estate of Brewood (STS 2,1). It was entered in error in the Warwickshire folios, though under the heading of a Staffordshire hundred (Cuttlestone); see 28,19 Cuttlestone note.}{ \insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab \tab Thi s estate was still in the hands of the Corbucion family in the late twelfth century when Peter Corbucion granted it to his wife's nephew. However, it appears by then to have been restored to the Bishopric of Chester because the Corbucion family was holdin g under the Bishop of Chester; see }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Feudal Aids}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , v. p. 2. \par \tab \tab . It seems then to have included Hyde [represented by Hyde Farm, SJ8707] and Ackbury [represented by Ackbury Heath, SJ8707]; see Wrottesley, 'Staffordshire Chartulary III', pp. 202-10. \par \tab \tab Chillington Hall is at SJ863067, Chillington Farm at SJ861073; the Grid Reference (SJ8607) is to the latter.}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab THE BISHOP OF CHESTER CLAIMS. }{ \insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 It seems very likely that Chillington had once been part of the Bishop of Chester's estate of Brewood (STS 2,1). It appears to have been restored to the bishopric by 1182; see }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Feudal Aids }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , v. p. 2; }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Lay Subsidy Roll (1334}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ), p. 282; }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 VCH Staffordshire}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , v. p. 28.}{ \insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 29,1\tab EARL RALPH. Of Hereford, 1053 (or earlier) to 1057, nephew of King Edward, responsible for the first Norman castles in England. See WAR 38 Harold note (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 29,2\tab ALWIN [* THE SHERIFF *]. See 5,1 Alwin note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 29,4\tab HUGH . Note to be supplied (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 30\tab LAND OF GEOFFREY DE MANDEVILLE. He was ancestor of the earls of Essex. He received Esger's extensive lands throughout England (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 30,2\tab MARGINAL FIGURE. See 16,5 marginal note (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 31,1\tab MARGINAL FIGURE. See 16,5 marginal note (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab MONKS OF SAINT-NICOLAS [* OF ANGERS *]. }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Saint-Nicolas of Angers. La Guerche lies on the road from Angers to Rennes, just west}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 }{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 of the border between Anjou and Brittany; Geoffrey also held Pouanc\'e9, just on the Anjou side of the border. The grant (charter cited in }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 VCH Warwickshire}{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 . i. p. 275, from Nichols, }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 History of}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Leicestershire}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ,}{ \i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ii. Appendix, p. 125), dated 1 July 1077, was wit nessed by Geoffrey's wife, named Aelfeva. Her English name suggests that Geoffrey may have acquired his Warwickshire lands through her, by inheritance rather than by confiscation; she may have been Leofwin's heiress (JRM).}{ \insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab LEOFWIN [* OF NEWNHAM *].}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Since Leofwin held Newnham Paddox, he is probably Leofwin of Newnham (37,9); distinct from Leofwin of Nuneham Courtenay (BUK 57) (JRM).}{ \insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \par }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab \tab Leofwin and his son Leofric were the predecessors of Geoffrey in five counties, providing the bulk of his fief: see Clarke, }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 English Nobility}{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , pp. 321-22; Williams, }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 The English and the Norman Conquest}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p. 12; and LEC 29 Geoffrey note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 31,2\tab MARGINAL FIGURE. See 16,5 marginal note (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab LEOFWIN [* OF NEWNHAM *]. See 31,1 Leofwin note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 31,3\tab MARGINAL FIGURE. See 16,5 mar ginal note (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab LEOFWIN [* OF NEWNHAM *]. See 31,1 Leofwin note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 31,4\tab MARGINAL FIGURE. See 16,5 marginal note (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab LEOFWIN [* OF NEWNHAM *]. See 31,1 Leofwin note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 31,5\tab MARGINAL FIGURE. See 16,5 marginal note (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab LEOFWIN [* OF NEWNHAM *]. See 31,1 Leofwin note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 31,6\tab MARGINAL FIGURE. See 16,5 marginal note (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab LEOFWIN [* OF NEWNHAM *]. See 31,1 Leofwin note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 31,7\tab MARGINAL FIGURE. See 16,5 marginal note (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab SOTI.}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 A Scandinavian name (}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 von Feilitzen }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{ \insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p. }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 368), not French (as }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Place-Names of Warwickshire}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p. 92). Soting occurs in}{ \insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Buckinghamshire and Berkshire (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab LEOFWIN [* OF NEWNHAM *]. See 31,1 Leofwin note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 31,8\tab LEOFWIN [* OF NEWNHAM *]. See 31,1 Leofwin note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 31,9\tab LEOFWIN [* OF NEWNHAM *]. See 31,1 Leofwin note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 31,10\tab LEOFWIN [* OF NEWNHAM *]. See 31,1 Leofwin note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 31,11\tab ANSEGIS . As the only two occurrences of this name in Domesday are in vills not five miles apart, it is probable that they belonged to the same individual in 108}{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 6}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 (JP)}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 .}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab LEOFWIN [* OF NEWNHAM *]. See 31,1 Leofwin note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 31,12\tab HOPSFORD. }{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 See }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Place-Names of Warwickshire}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p. 121 (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab LEOFWIN [* OF NEWNHAM *]. See 31,1 Leofwin note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 33\tab LAND OF GILBERT SON OF TUROLD.}{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 That is, Gilbert of Bouill\'e9, see B2 Gilbert note (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 33,1\tab KENWARD. The name Kenward occurs seven times in Domesday Book, on holdings which cluster near the borders of Gloucestershire, Warwickshire, and Worcestershire. Three devolve d upon Gilbert son of Thorold who is unlikely to have had three predecessors with this uncommon name; the three others, subinfeudated by the Bishop of Worcester to Robert the bursar, are equally unlikely to have been held by different individuals. Gilbert 's holdings lay either side of Robert's, while the seventh property was adjacent to Gilbert's holding at Oakley. It is probable therefore that all seven holdings had belonged to the same individual in 1066 (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 34\tab GERIN. Keats-Rohan, }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Domesday People}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p. 208, identifies Gerin as Gerwy of Les Loges, a Gloucestershire landowner (GLS 67,3. 76,1); see GLS 76,1 Gerwy note. A Gerin held land at Ningwood on the Isle of Wight (IoW9,18) which appears to be referred to in another Hampshire holding (1,37) of Ge rwy (}{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Ghervius}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ), presumably the same individual so one or other of these forms appears to be a scribal error; but neither Ningwood or another holding of Gerin in Southampton (HAM S2) is included in }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Domesday People}{ \insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 . (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 35\tab LAND OF URSO OF ABETOT. Sheriff of Worcestershire (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 35,1\tab A SALT-HOUSE. See 28,16 salt-house note (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 36\tab STEPHEN [* SON OF ERHARD *]. See B2 steersman note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 36,1\tab [LITTLE] DORSINGTON.}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 See }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Place-Names of Warwickshire}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p. 201 (JRM).}{ \insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 36,2\tab BISHOP WULFSTAN [* OF WORCESTER *].}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Of Worcester, see 3,4 Wulfstan note (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 37\tab OSBERN SON OF RICHARD.}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Of Richard's Castle (HEF 24,13). He was one of the few Normans}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 whom Godwin permitted to remain in England after 1052 (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 37,4\tab HUGH . Note to be supplied (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 37,5\tab HUGH . Note to be supplied (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab LUDRIC . }{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 On the personal name, see }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 von Feilitzen }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p.}{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 321 (JRM).}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \par \tab \tab The name Ludric occurs on two holdings of modest value, separated by 50 miles or more, which devolved upon different tenants-in-chief. It is likely they were held by different individuals in 1066 (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 37,6\tab HUGH . Note to be supplied (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab IPSLEY. Now in Worcestershire (JRM)}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 37,7\tab MEREWIN . See 16,35 Merewin note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab SCROTI. See 16,35 Scroti note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab TOTI . The name Toti occurs on eight holdings, probably representing six individuals. Toti does not appear to be r elated to Azur son of Toti who held extensively in Buckinghamshire and Middlesex, with three outlying properties in Northamptonshire and Warwickshire. Warwickshire is the only county in which Toti also appears; and although his property there is not too d i stant from those of Azur, there are no apparent connections between them. The Toti of Grafton shared a modest holding with three other men and is unlikely to be connected to other Totis, all of whose holdings devolved upon other tenants-in-chief and were some distance away (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab TOSTI . If the earl and Tosti of Sawtry are excluded, Tosti is an uncommon, even rare name. This modest holding is remote from others held by an unidentified Tosti and likely to have been the only possession of its holder (JP).}{ \insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 37,9\tab MOLLINGTON.}{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Divided between Warwickshire, Northamptonshire and Oxfordshire in Domesday; now all in Oxfordshire (JRM).}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 [Parts of Mollington were entered in three counties (NTH 35,26. OXF 17,7. WAR 37,9). The place was long divided between Warw ickshire and Oxfordshire, but it is possible that the portion included in Northamptonshire was entered there erroneously and that it was actually in Oxfordshire in 1086; see NTH 35,26 Mollington note.]}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 38\tab HAROLD SON OF EARL RALPH.}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 See 29,1 Ralph note. Ewias Harold (HEF 19,1) preserves his name (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 38,1\tab MARGINAL FIGURE. See 16,5 marginal note (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 39,1\tab LEAMINGTON [HASTINGS].}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 The manuscript has }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 LVNNJTONE}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ; Farley, in error, }{ \i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 LVNINTONE }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab AZUR [* SON OF TOTI *]. The lands of the royal thane, Azur son o f Toti, and his men were distributed among no fewer than nine tenants-in-chief; but he is named at least once in relation to seven of them which allows his other holdings acquired by them to be identified. The bulk of his estates, many of them substantial , lay in Buckinghamshire, though the most valuable manor was at Stanwell (MDX 11,1) in Middlesex. Their substance and his status make it likely that a single individual is involved. Among the lesser holdings, his men whose holdings devolved upon the Count of Mortain (BUK 12,25-26) had no other lord named Azur in the county, or indeed the circuit, to choose from. Hascoit's predecessor Azur is identified as the son of Toti in Buckinghamshire (BUK 49,1). See also Clarke, }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 English Nobility}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , pp. 253-54 (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 39,4\tab AZUR [* SON OF TOTI *]. See 39,1 Azur note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 40\tab NICHOLAS THE BOWMAN.}{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 See B2 bowman note (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 40,1\tab AILSTONE. Three Shire Ash (SP2351) marks the county boundaries before 1931 (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 40,2\tab A SALT-HOUSE. See 28,16 salt-house note (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab 1 BURGESS. Evidently the occupier of Nicholas' house in Warwick, B2 (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 41,2\tab "ALTONE".}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 JRM identified Hatton (SP2367) in "Fernecumbe"\} Hundred with the note: 'so }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 VCH Warwickshire}{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 . i. p. 340 note 6, probably rightly. Alton (}{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Place-Names of Warwickshire}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p . 154) is first noted in 1789'. However, the early forms of Hatton are }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Hectona}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Hetton}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , }{ \i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Haiton}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 (}{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Place-Names of Warwickshire}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p. 212), so the place has been left unidentified for the time being.}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 42\tab LAND OF CHRISTINA. She was sister of Prince Edgar, grand-daughter of King Edmund Ironside. She became a nun at Romsey in 1086 (JRM). \par }{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \tab \tab }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 See also B2 Christina note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 42,1\tab ULVERLEY [GREEN]. Merged with Longdon in Solihull; see }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Place-Names of Warwickshire}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p. 67 (JRM).}{ \cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 42,2\tab [OLD] ARLEY. This place belonged}{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 (}{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 belimpeth}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 )}{ \i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 to}{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Itchington before 1001 (Kemble, }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Codex Diplomaticus}{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , no. 705 [= Sawyer, }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Anglo-Saxon Charters}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , no. 898]) and was therefore in later record a detached part of Marton Hundred. Domesday emphasises that it had not yet been transferred out of its geographical hundred in 1086. }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Cum hac }{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ...}{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 terra }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 may have linked Arley to Itchington before the text was arranged under hundreds (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 43,1\tab [* COUNTESS *] GODIVA, EARL LEOFRIC'S WIFE. See 17,42 Godiva note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 43,2\tab BICKMARSH. Now in Worcestershire. Three Shire Elms (SP1048) marks the county boundaries before 1931 (JRM). \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab \tab 1 hide of Bickmarsh is entered in Gloucestershire (GLS 78,7), also held by Edith [in both 1066 and 1086], with 2 ploughs in lordship, 1 villager, 1 smallholder, and 4 slaves}{\dn6\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 value 20s before and after 1066 (JRM).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 44,1\tab RICHARD THE FORESTER. }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Warden of Cannock Chase for which he received }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 tres partes de Cestreton'}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ('three parts of Chesterton', where he held 3 of its 7 hides) according to the }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Book of Fees}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , cited}{\cf1\dn6\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 }{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 in}{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 VCH Warwickshire}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 . i. p. 291. See also STS 13. The office is rare in Domesday (JRM).}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \par }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab \tab }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Richard the forester held land in Staffordshire and in Warwickshire in Domesday Book. In Staffordshire he has a chapter of his own (STS 13), while in Warwicks hire he shares a chapter with the king's thanes and servants holding six manors (44,1-6) and probably two more (44,7-8) as he appears to be the same man as Richard the hunter (44,7 hunter note). Of these estates, Walsgrave-on-Sowe (44,7) and Chesterton (4 4,8) are later specifically said (in }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Book of Fees}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , pp. 1275, 1277-78) to have been granted for guarding the forest of Cannock (in Staffordshire). This may have been the case in 1086 and Richard the forester/ Richard the hunter may have held his Staffordshir e fief and his Warwickshire lands by forest-serjeanty. The post was probably hereditary.}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab \tab A long entry in the }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Book of Fees}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p. 1277, relating to the years 1251-52, explains how Hugh }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 de Loges}{ \insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 came to hold Walsgrave-on-Sowe and other lands. William the Conqueror enfeoffed a certain servant (or serjeant), Richard }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Cheven}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , with lands for guarding the forest of Cannock. From Richard's daughter the lands passed to her son, William Croc. After he was hanged, the king gave the lands to Robert }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 de Brok}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 married to the sister of William Croc. From Robert }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 de Brok}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 the lands went to his daughter Margery who married Hugh }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 de Loges}{ \insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 . From Hugh }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 de Loges}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 the land passed to his son, also called Hugh. The lands involved, apart from Walsgrave-on-Sowe, were apparently Grandborough ( 44,3), Shuckburgh (44,4), Hillmorton (44,5) Radway, (44,6) and Chesterton (44,8). In Domesday these are held either by Richard the forester or Richard the hunter. Although the details of the descents vary, all were later held by Hugh }{ \i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 de Loges}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , apart from Shuckburgh (which certainly descended to Robert }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 de Brok}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ) and Hillmorton which went to Walter Croc and Henry Croc. The estates of Harborough and Bramcote (44,1-2) followed a different descent, as did most of the lands of Richard the forester in Staffordshire . They went to Randulf of Knutton; see STS 13 Richard note. On the other hand, the descent of Rodbaston (STS 13,9) was to Hugh }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 de Loges}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 who was holding it of the same serjeanty as Chesterton. \par \tab \tab Thus it appears that Richard }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Cheven}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , Richard the forester and Richard the hunter were the same person. This was the conclusion of Dugdale and Erdeswick, }{ \i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Survey of Staffordshire}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ; see }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Eyton, }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Domesday Studies: Staffordshire}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , pp. 55-56, 90; }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Bridgeman, 'Unidentified Domesday Vills', p. 29. The latter has a genealogy. Ther e are no other instances where a man is called both a forester and a hunter in Domesday, though the link is an easy one. In the present case, it would be surprising if the main scribe of Great Domesday gave the same Richard distinctive appellations in suc h proximity to each other. On the other hand, Richard the hunter holds in hundreds that differ from those where Richard the forester holds, so it is possible that different hundred juries gave Richard different names. \par \tab \tab The name }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Cheven}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 (}{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Chiven}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 in }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Book of Fees}{ \insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p. 1275) is unexplained. It calls to mind the Domesday }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Chenuin}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 (Cynewin) who held land in Codsall in Staffordshire both in 1066 and 1086 (STS 17,1). That name is Old English }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Cynewine}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ; see STS 17,1 Cynewine note. It is possible that an Englishman called Cynewin gave his son a French name, but }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 the land attributed to Cynewin in Domesday, did not follow the same descent as lands held by Richard the forester or Richard the hunter; see Eyton, }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Domesday Studies: Staffordshire}{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p. 56. However, }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Cheven}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 may be of F rench origin: there are French surnames Chevin and Chavin which are variants of the same Old French word which, like Chavet and Chavot, is a topographical diminutive ('little hollow'), from Latin }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 cavus}{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ('hollow'). Chavin is also the name of a place in the French d\'e9partement of Indre; but that is far from the usual source of William the Conqueror's followers. Another French surname, Chev\'e8 ne, giving the English surname Chevins or Chevis, is derived from the name for a fish, the chubb and refers to a man with a large head; see Dauzat, }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Dictionnaire des Noms de Famille et Pr\'e9noms}{ \insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ; Reaney, }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Dictionary of British Surnames}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 .}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 44,2\tab RICHARD ^[THE FORESTER]^. See 44,1 Richard note and 44,7 hunter note.}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab SAXI . See 16,9 Saxi note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 44,3\tab RICHARD ^[THE FORESTER]^. See 44,1 Richard note and 44,7 hunter note.}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab BONDI. Directed to its proper place by transposition signs (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 44,4\tab RICHARD ^[THE FORESTER]^. See 44,1 Richard note and 44,7 hunter note.}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 44,5\tab RICHARD ^[THE FORESTER]^. See 44,1 Richard note and 44,7 hunter note.}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab VIKING . See 28,10 Viking note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 44,6\tab EARL RALPH. See 29,1 Ralph note.}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 44,7\tab RICHARD THE HUNTER. Richard is holder of Chesterton, therefore identical with the forester. }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Venator }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 (Tengvik, }{ \i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Old English Bynames}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , p. 273) is a commoner Domesday term, not normally used of foresters. It need not imply an appoint\- ment; marked enthusiasm or skill in hunting inspired several bynames (Venner, Grosvenor, etc.). In 1086 hereditary bynames were a recent but growing Norman fashion (Freeman, }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Norman }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Conquest, v. p. 563; Tengvik, }{\i\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Old English Bynames}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 , pp. 10-22) (JRM). [These two manors (44,7-8) follow those allotted to Richard the forester (44,1-6). They have a similar descent as some of those manors; see 44,1 Richard note.]}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab K OLBRAND . The name Kolbrand occurs six times in Domesday Book, on modest holdings scattered between Devon and Yorkshire There are no apparent connections between the other holdings and that in Warwickshire (JP).}{ \insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 44,8\tab RICHARD THE HUNTER. See 44,1 Richard note and 44,7 hunter note.}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 44,9\tab AELFRIC . See 16,57 Aelfric note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab VIKING . See 28,10 Viking note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 44,11\tab LEOFWIN . See 3,4 Leofwin note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab ALWIN [* THE SHERIFF *].}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 Possibly the sheriff (JRM).}{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 See 5,1 Alwin note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 44,12\tab THE ENTRY duplicates the details of 3,7 (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 \tab LEOFWIN . See 3,4 Leofwin note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 44,13\tab ORDRIC . See 16,34 Orderic note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 44,14\tab FOURTH PART. Probably }{ \i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 iiii}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 am}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ]}{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 parte}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 [}{ \i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 m}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ]}{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 rather than }{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 iiii parte}{ \cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 [}{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 s}{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 ] ['4 parts']}{\i\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 }{\cf1\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 (JRM).}{\cf1\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-1080\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1080\tx1440\nooverflow\faauto\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid807010 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 44,16\tab ANSEGIS . See 31,11 Ansegis note (JP).}{\insrsid807010\charrsid13195204 \par }{\insrsid607227\charrsid13195204 45\tab THE CHAPTER is an insertion at the foot of the column in closer lettering, interrupting chapter 44 (JRM).}{\insrsid807010 \par }{\insrsid607227 \par }}