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\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1130971\charrsid7437965  in origin the territory served by the church of an estate, manor or vill), or encompass more than one. The 1086 estate may well contain a number of settlements that had separate names, rarely given in }{
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Domesday}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1130971\charrsid7437965  estates is explained in the notes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11487420 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1130971\charrsid7437965 
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name can only be regarded as satisfactorily identified if: (a) it can be connected philo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6848000 lo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4403573 gically with the proposed modern equivalent; (b)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
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name; (c) the resources of the Domesday estate can be matched with those of its supposed modern representative; (d) the descent of the Domesday estate can be traced in medieval records. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6848000 
\par \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4403573 There are many identificati}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6848000 ons of Domesday places that do}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4403573  not satisfy these }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965 The place-name given in the translation is the modern representative of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1971520 the Domesday}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16087065 
 name as taken from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16087065\charrsid3694370 recent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3694370  Ordnance Survey Maps; it should be noted that the place-name form can vary from edition to edition}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11487420 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3694370  In most cases the modern place-name chosen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965  will be the linear d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16087065 
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\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965 replac}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4403573 ed another, for example, Reigate (SUR 1,7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965 ) for \lquote Churchfield\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11487420 , and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4403573  Christchurch (HAM 1,28. 17,1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1971520 ) for 'Twynham'}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965 
;  (b) a topographical name, especially that of a river has been replace}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11487420 d by a more localiz}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4403573 ed name, for example, Martinstown (DOR 55,1) for \lquote Winterbourne
\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965 ; (c) the later name of the estate derives from the Domesd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4403573 ay holder\rquote s name, or title, for example Dodington (SOM 47,12}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965 ) for \lquote St}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4403573 owey\rquote ; Bishopstone (HEF 2,46}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11487420 ) for \lquote Mansell\rquote . }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1971520 Where a Domesday name has subseq
uently been replaced by that of an adjacent settlement that probably lay within the Domesday estate in 1086 the latter name has not been used in the translation, but is given in the notes. Thus}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11487420 ,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1971520  Domesday }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1971520\charrsid1971520 Beddintone}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1971520  (STS 4,10) survived as 'Bedintone' to the
 twelfth century, but was displaced by the adjacent Pillaton. The translation reads 'Bedintone'.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965 Oth}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11487420 er information (for example,}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1971520  concerning }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965 manori}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1971520 al names not derived from the Domesday}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965  name forms) is given in the notes.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12598365 Where the Domesday}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965  name is now represented only by a house, farm or particularized settleme}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12598365 n}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965 t (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13243777 for example,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965  Warnford Barton, Perry Farm, Forton End), the affixes ar}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16087065 e omitted and the places appear}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965  simply as Warnford, Perry and Forton. Similarly, where modern maps provide a range of names (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13243777 for example,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965  Hartford Manor, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12598365 Hartford }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965 Green, }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12598365 Hartford }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965 Farm, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12598365 Hartford }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965 Mill}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11487420 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965 , the simple name Hartford will be chosen. However, where separate }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12598365 
estates with the same name in Domesday}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965  can be identified with separate later settlements (Upper and Lower, East and West}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16087065 , Bishop\rquote 
s and Earl\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965  etc.), these identifications are included in the translation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11487420 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16087065\charrsid10704712 In the case of major settlements, those that often form separate parishes, the use of \lquote or\rquote  (Upper or Lower Cheddon) indicates that there is uncertainty about the precise identification; the use of \lquote a}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5273109 nd\rquote  (Great and Little Standon}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16087065\charrsid10704712 ) implies that both place}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12598365 
s were part of the particular Domesday}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16087065\charrsid10704712  estate.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16087065 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3694370 Four-figure }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965 
Grid References refer to the surviving representative of the name where there is only one, or to what seems to be the original or most importan
t settlement where there are several or a hierarchy. A settlement site is always preferred to a wood or hill name where there is a choice. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6848000 
The church or the so-called 'manor' is not used as a reference point, when there is a settlement nearby to serve as s
uch, since both church and manor are often post-1086 and built on the periphery of the settlement, or sometimes, in the latter case, in deliberate isolation from it. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965 In a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6848000 hamlet, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965 village or suburb, the point chosen for the reference is usually a central crossroads. Where the settlement has been swallowed by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11487420  urban growth, early nineteenth-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965 century maps have been used to determine }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6848000 what appears to be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965 the historic centre. In all cases, the point chosen on the map is not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12598365 necessarily the centre of the eleventh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965  century estate, though any known major changes, ca}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3694370 used for example by imparking, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6848000 
or abandonment and subsequent resettlement in another place }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965 are included in the notes. It}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12598365  should be borne in mind that Domesday}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965  says nothing about the form of the settlement, whether nucleated or dispersed. Moreover}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11487420 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965 
 settlement forms can change and centres }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11487420 can }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965 shift. 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6848000 Unidentified Places}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7437965\charrsid3694370 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965 Where a place has not been identified, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6848000 Domesday}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965 
 form is printed in the translation in italics. Some of these places may have disappeared soon after 1086, by being abandoned or absorbed into other holdings. Some of these names may yet be found as the listing of minor names (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13243777 for example,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965  field names) in each county continues. In other cases, the name-form may be so distorted by the process that 
produced Domesday Book, that it has not yet been possible to connect it to a name evidenced later.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7437965 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1130971\charrsid1130971 Lost Places
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965 Single inverted commas enclose the following categories of name:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-360\li720\ri0\widctlpar
\tx284\jclisttab\tx720\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6848000 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965 A place name }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3694370 
that is evidenced after 1086}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965  but disappeared later.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}The modern equivalent of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6848000 Domesday}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965  name if it is not now a habitation name (it may}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3694370 , for example,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965  be the name of a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3694370 hill, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965 wood, field, street or road}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13243777 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965 .
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}Places lost to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1130971 the sea or covered by the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965 water}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1130971  of a reservoir.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6848000 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965 In such cases, the name-form chosen i
s the latest found or (if that is unrepresentative), the most normal. Where}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4225879  the location is known, a Grid R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965 eference is given and a note explains.

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1130971 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4225879 HUNDRED AND WAPENTAKE NAMES}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965 Hundreds }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4225879 and w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7437965 apentakes }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965 
continued to exist}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11687098 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965  though for increasingly minor purposes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11687098 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1130971  into the twentieth}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965 
 century. The form chosen for use in the translation and notes is the most recent representative of the 1086 name. This will either be (a) a place (not necessarily a settlement) still named on modern maps, or (b) a place no longer in 
existence but which is evidenced after 1086 (such names are included in single inverted co}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4225879 m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965 mas)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4225879 ,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965  or (c) a name that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11687098 is last evidenced in Domesday (the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6848000 Domesday}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965  form or a represe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10704712 ntative of several forms }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10704712\charrsid1130971 
is given in italics}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965 ). Where one hundred-nam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11687098 e was replaced by another, this latter has}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965  not been used, as the extents of the hundreds often changed as well. This depa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11687098 rts from the policy of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1130971 Phillimore }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11687098 printed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1130971  edition. Information to connect the 1086 and later administrative units is given in the Introduction to each county. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}COUNTY{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}NAMES}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965 {\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4225879 The c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965 ounties referred to are those that existed befor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4225879 e the major reorganiz}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965 ation of 1974. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid289853 
Probably because of a lack of county headings in certain circuit volumes, a number of Domesday places are included in the wrong county in 1086. Further, a number of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6848000 Domesday}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965  place}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid289853 s have been }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7437965\charrsid7437965 transferred to another county betwee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid289853 
n 1086 and 1974. These matters are addressed in individual notes and in the Introduction to each county.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1130971  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7437965 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9050241 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8085965 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\insrsid8085965\charrsid9050241 2. PERSONAL NAMES
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12208325 
Apart from a few names taken from the Romans, from the Bible and from Celtic languages (Welsh, Irish, Cornish, Breton) most personal names in Domesday Book are in origin Germanic, that is, they derive from}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4225879 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12208325  or are developments of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4225879 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12208325  a name-stock that was com
mon to the members of a branch of the Indo-European speakers. Germanic includes English, Dutch, German, Frankish and the Scandinavian Languages (Icelandic, Danish, Norse, Swedish).
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14435904 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14435904 \tab Some of this Germanic name-s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4225879 tock will have arrived with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14435904  the Germanic peopl
es settled by the Romans in Britain in the late third and early fourth centuries, and with the migration of those peoples (with the separate identities of Angles, Saxons and Jutes) that followed the Roman withdrawal from Britain and the collapse of imperi
a
l rule in the west (fourth century). Some names (not infrequently the same ones in origin, but subject to various forms of evolution) came with the Danish invaders who attacked, marauded and settled from the ninth century. This branch of these names is es
pecially found }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4225879 in the later Danelaw counties: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14435904 Derbyshire, Leicestershire, 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Lincolnshire{\*\xmlclose}, Nottinghamshire and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Yorkshire{\*\xmlclose}
. Many of these names were thoroughly implanted and developed specifically Anglo-Scandinavian forms. Further names and duplicates of existing ones arrived with the 'Vikings' (Norwegians) who settled in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Yorkshire
{\*\xmlclose} in the early tenth century and more with the renewed Danish settlement, especially under King Cnut at the beginning of the eleventh century. Finally}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4225879 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14435904  Germanic names came with the Normans, Picardians, French and Flemings who arrived in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}England
{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} in and after 1066. The Normans themselves were Scandinavian in origin, but many adopted Old German names or Old German versions of their own that had been current in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}France{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} since the Frankish invasions of the fifth century, and many of which had Old French variants. On arrival in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}England{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} some of these names developed distinct Anglo-Norman variants. It should be noted that Edward the Confessor (1042-1066) welcomed a small number of Normans who settled in 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}England}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14762801 {\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14435904 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14762801 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14762801 \tab 
The implication of this is that a single name of Germanic origin may have entered {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}England{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} on four different occasions, in a form tha
t was the same, similar or differentiated by separate development in isolation and by the passage of time. Other names, especially ones compounded from more than one element, arose after the peoples had separated, but some, though arising independently, w
ere look-alikes because of the comparatively small number of basic elements.
\par \tab An ideal text, however idiosyncratic its spellings of individual names, would nonetheless distinguish one from another. This is not the so with the texts of Domesday Book, for a n
umber of factors make it inevitable that some names will be impossible to identify and in the case of others there will be uncertain}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4211204 ty or more than one possibility.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14762801 
\par \tab Firstly, in 1066 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}England{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} was mainly populated by Anglo-Saxons, Anglo-Sc
andinavians and Old Welsh (Cornish, Welsh), speaking Old English, various Scandinavian dialects and varieties of Old Welsh. The new arrivals were {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Norman{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, French, Breton, Picardian and Flemish, speaking several different languages. The English scri
bes had their own insular manuscript hands, but were no doubt conversant with Carolingian minuscule; the continental scribes had probably only been trained in the latter. As a result of this involvement of different peoples and tongues in the course of th
e Domesday Survey, there will have been mispronunciations, mishearings, misreadings and miscopyings.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4211204 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14762801 
Secondly, the scribes involved, working under pressure of time, will have made simple errors of their own: a vowel miswritten here, a termination left off there. Both English and continental scribes were used in the compilation of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14762801\charrsid14762801 Liber Exoniensis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14762801 
 and it is probable that this was true of every circuit volume. To some extent each will have tried to express alien sounds in terms of the sounds allotted to the letters of his own alphabet. When a Saxon worked on the schedule compiled by a 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Norman{\*\xmlclose} scribe (or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14762801\charrsid15290878 vice versa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14762801 ) there will have been further confusion. Some, but not all, of the names are as it were 'encoded',  hidden under letters that conceal phonet
ic modifications made by clerks dealing with names that were outside their language.
\par \tab Thirdly, it is unlikely that the names themselves were ever written in a 'pure' form (as understood by a personal name scholar) in any of the documents that preceded Grea
t Domesday. In particular, if tenants-in-chief supplied the names of their tenants and of their 1066 predecessors, and jurors (French or English) pronounced on them, another layer of confusion, apart from scribal, will have been introduced.
\par \tab Fourthly, if the stages by which Great Domesday was produced have been correctly understood, each name will have been 'processed' four or five times. The differences between the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14762801\charrsid14762801 Liber Exoniensis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14762801  and Great Domesday Book are not simply of misunderstanding, but show the ap
plication of different conventions (for example, the handling of initial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14762801\charrsid15290878 W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14762801 
- and initial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14762801\charrsid15290878 St}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14762801 
-, the addition of Latin terminations), which were partially unscrambled for the final product. The removal of a supposedly Latin termination can take away a vowel th
at is in fact Scandinavian or English and which makes the difference between two names. The reduction of an element such as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14762801\charrsid10577430 Aethel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14762801 - to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14762801\charrsid10577430 Ail}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14762801 
- in a circuit volume}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4211204 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14762801 
 then its subsequent partial restoration in Great Domesday similarly confuses a series of different names and makes the Domesday occurrences of any of them suspect. The same is true of the reduction of both -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14762801\charrsid10302740 ketel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14762801  and -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14762801\charrsid10302740 kell}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14762801  to -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14762801\charrsid10302740 chil}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14762801 .
\par \tab Fifthly, for the eleventh century, it is Domesday Book that provides more name-forms than any other document. The lac
k of  a larger quantity of comparative material makes it difficult to determine if some Domesday forms are aberrant, Normanized or are, as it were, a new spelling, representing more accurately the pronunciation of the time. The nature of much of the compa
rative material (Anglo-Saxon charters, perhaps traditional and backward-looking in terms of name-forms, and chronicles, often compiled later and with spellings perhaps updated) makes a true assessment difficult.
\par 
\par The result of all this is that it is sometim
es difficult to perceive through the Domesday form a name that is adequately attested elsewhere. Sometimes the Domesday spelling may suggest the existence of a name not otherwise found, but in such cases caution is needed, as error may have produced the n
e
w form (as Pirot perhaps for Picot). On the other hand with such a comparatively large number of names, Domesday could reasonably be expected to contain names otherwise unknown, especially if they are compounded from known elements in traditional ways of 
name-forming.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14762801 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14762801 \tab 
However, there is no question that a number of name-forms in Domesday are erroneous or misleading. It can be shown that the same man is represented by forms that are in fact those of different names. Conversely, the same name-form can represe
nt different names, especially if the nationality and the date of arrival in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}England{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} of the individuals can be established; thus}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14762801\charrsid14762801  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14762801 a single Domesday form, such as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14762801\charrsid9050241 Adelelm}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14762801 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14762801\charrsid9050241 Alstan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14762801 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14762801\charrsid9050241 Algar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14762801 , can conceal several distinct English or Germanic names.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14762801 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14762801 \tab 
Where a Domesday name-form can be confidently identified with a particular English, Danish, Norwegian, French or Breton (etc.) name, there is the added problem of which form to choose for that name
. The priority for students of personal names is to find enough examples of the name to be able to determine its etymology, elements and earliest form. However, these early spellings and the pronunciations that they imply may well have fallen out of use b
y the mid-eleventh century. It is not certain that Old English -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14762801\charrsid15290878 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}gifu}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14762801 {\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14762801\charrsid15290878 Beorht}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14762801 - were still in use or pronounced as spelt then since their common representations are -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14762801\charrsid15290878 eva}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14762801  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14762801\charrsid15290878 Brict}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14762801 
-. Scandinavian personal names in particular are often given in the s
tandard works of name scholarship in their more primitive Old Norse or Old Icelandic forms, together occasionally with the use of letters not found in the English alphabet. Such forms were never in use in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}England{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} (though the names were) and they seem out-of-place when inserted into a Domesday translation.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6848000 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9633916 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9633916 
The first serious attempt to handle all the Domesday names in a uniform translation was made by John Morris for the Phillimore edition}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14435904  (1975-86)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9633916 . He used the scholarly tools then available to identify the Domesday form with an English, Sca}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441110 
ndinavian, Norman, French, Breton or Flemish }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9633916 
counterpart, but as a moderniser he simplified some name-elements and brought them more into line with the regular spellings in Domesday which in his opinion more exactly recorded the eleventh-century pronunciation.
\par \tab John Morris died suddenly and before his time in 1977 with only a dozen counties published and leaving }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14435904 untouched }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9633916 many Domesday names which he had not been able to standardize, especially in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Lincolnshire{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Yorkshire{\*\xmlclose}
 and the three counties of Little Domesday. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14435904 Had he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14762801 been able to work on every name}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14435904  some of his earlier conclusions would no doubt have been modified. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9633916 
The completion of the project was overseen by John Dodgson who was himself a names expert. He contributed a series of valuable notes to i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441110 ndividual counties }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9633916 but it was impossible for him to identify or approve each name. Inevitably, individual county editors had preferences of their own and those who had a background in name-studies te
nded to choose philo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441110 lo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9633916 
gically purer forms. The scale of the discrepancies became clear when that cumulative index }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12418433 of personal names }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9633916 was being prepared}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12418433  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12418433\charrsid9400331 
Phillimore}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12418433  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12418433 Domesday Bo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12418433\charrsid9400331 ok: Index, part 2: Persons}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12418433 , 1992)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9633916 . John Dodgson tried valiantly to assist the read
er in finding the way through the myriad names and forms by indicating real or possible equivalents and connecting them with the forms normally preferred by personal-name scholars by a series of entries (for example Carl: see also Karl, Karli; Fredregis: 
see also Fredegis, Fredis).As John Dodgson explained in his}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12418433  Introduction to that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9633916 
cumulative index: 'Because of the vicissitudes which befell the preparation of the Phillimore Domesday Book, not least of them the untimely death of Dr. John Morris its General
 Editor, there was no opportunity to complete the standardisation of personal-names and descriptions which he appears to have intended in the modern English translation and the annotations. The county volume editors and the Index volume editors have had t
o do the best they could in difficult circumstances for lack of a fully articulated scheme.' 
\par \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12452802 In view of this}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10568364  and of the fact that some of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8945639  John Morris' chosen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10568364  forms were improbable}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12418433 , unwise
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10568364  or idiosyncratic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12452802 , i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9633916 t has been felt necessary to review all}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12452802  the forms}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5273109 
 of Domesday personal names found}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9633916  in t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12452802 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5273109 e Phillimore printed edition}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9633916 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12418433 
Nonetheless, John Morris was essentially right}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16729895  in refusing to use name-forms }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12418433 which}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16729895 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12418433  though they might represent the ori}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16282974 ginal or etymologically pure}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12418433  form of the name, were obsolete by the time of Domesda}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14762801 y Book. He and others }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12471067 
since (see, for example Lewis, 'Joining the Dots') have stressed that names evolve, and divide. Behind the confusions and p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16729895 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12471067 rtially understood codes of the Domesday scribes are real people with the names they actually used. A modern Harry is not a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12471067\charrsid12471067 Harald}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12471067  or even a Harold, ev}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16729895 
en though the names have the same origin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12471067 , a Piers is not a Peter or a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12471067\charrsid12471067 
Petrus}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8945639  nor should a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12471067  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16282974 present-day }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12471067 Edmund be forced to re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8945639 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12471067 spell himself }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12471067\charrsid12471067 Eadmund}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16729895 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12418433 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8945639 \tab It is important to realiz}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16729895 
e that, although the identification and classification of names relies heavily on the work of philologists, there are cases where the philological deduction about the nature of the name is at variance with historical record, or with the }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16282974 identification of an individual on the basis of the proximity of his holdings or the geographical spread of his lands}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16729895 . These problems are addressed in the notes. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16282974 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9633916 The aims of the revision are:
\par 1. As far as the Domesday forms allow, to distinguish one name from another.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12418433 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12418433 2. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3364675 To eliminate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12418433  variant forms of the same name; that is, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12418433 f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9633916 or each separate name}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12418433 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9633916  to ch}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8945639 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9633916 
ose a single standard form that is in scholarly use, except that certain elements have been moderni}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8945639 z}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9633916 ed in accordance with John Morris' }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10568364 guiding }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9633916 
principles}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12418433  (not followed slavishly or uncritically)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9633916  and the usage of Domesday Book itself.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12418433\charrsid12418433 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12418433 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12418433 3. To provide}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12418433\charrsid10825005  notes}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12418433  on all name-forms.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12418433\charrsid10825005  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9633916 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9633916 
\par In detail this means that:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8212162 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12208325 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9633916 1. Where a Domesday form cannot be identifi
ed with a name attested elsewhere or where it could represent two or more distinct names, it has been left in the Domesday form}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8212162 , less any Latin termination,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9633916  in italics.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12208325\charrsid12208325  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12208325 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9633916 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9633916 
\par 2. Wit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12471067 h a few exceptions given below (3-6)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16729895  and unless an error can be shown,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12471067  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9633916 the head-words provided by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916\charrsid3811648 von Feilitzen, }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9633916\charrsid3811648 Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9633916  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916 have been 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916\charrsid3811648 used for 1066 holders}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916 . Old Danish forms have been preferred to those of other Scandinavia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8212162 
n languages. They were adopted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916  by John Morris on the grounds that in 1086 they were the most likely Scandinavian names to be found in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}England{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} and were closer to English methods of spelling. This means that Anglo-Scandinavian names in Lincolnshire and Yorkshire}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8945639 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916  where the Old Norse or Old Icelandic forms were used in the print
ed edition of those counties, as occasionally in others, have been changed: thus Atsurr is replaced by Azur; Saksulfr by Saxulf. The different editorial choices exercised in the translation and commentary of these two counties have hitherto made them appe
ar to contain a unique population group. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9633916\charrsid11472858 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12452802 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3364675 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12452802 3. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916 There is no reference work comparable to }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916\charrsid9400331 von Feilitzen, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9633916\charrsid9400331 Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916 
, for 1086 names, so the name-forms that are those of English, 'French' and Anglo-Scandinavian holders have been regularized as far as possible using the principles of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916\charrsid3811648 von Feilitzen, }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9633916\charrsid3811648 Personal Names of Domesday Bo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9633916 ok}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916 , and after consulting Tengvik, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9633916\charrsid3811648 Old English Bynames}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12452802 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12452802 Forstemann,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid12452802  Personennamen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12452802\charrsid12452802 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12452802  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916\charrsid3811648  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9633916 Forssner, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9633916 Continental-Germanic Personal Names}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8212162 ; and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8212162 Dauzat, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid14562923 Dictionnaire des N}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid8212162 oms d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid14562923 e Famille et P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid8212162 r\'e9noms}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8212162 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3364675  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8212162 
\par 
\par 4. A number of other works of reference have been consulted, including }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8212162 Fellows-Jensen, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8212162 Scandinavian Personal Names}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8212162 . All the forms adopted have been compared with those provided by Ann Williams}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3364675\charrsid10825005  for the Alecto edition}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8212162  and discrepancies noted}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3364675 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3364675\charrsid13763956 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9633916 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8212162 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916 . Certain elements that are in use by personal name scholars, but whose spelling wa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8212162 
s  probably obsolete in the mid}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916 -eleventh century, have been simplified and brought more into line with Domesday spelling. These are}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12452802 
 either those adopted by John Morris himself, or, as far as can be, in accordance with his principles}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916 :
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 
\par \ltrrow}\trowd \irow0\irowband0\ltrrow\ts15\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 
\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth8856\clshdrawnil \cellx8748\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid10568364\yts15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid13316161 First elements; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 Aethel- only for MS forms }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364 
Ade(l), Agi(l), {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Ede{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}(l), Ege(l)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364  for OE }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14562923 \'c6}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364 thel-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13316161  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364\charrsid13121541 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 \tab \tab \tab \tab Aelf- for women, Alf- for men, for OE }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14562923 \'c6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364 lf-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10568364\charrsid80962 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364\charrsid10825005 Ald- }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 (MS and translation form) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10568364\charrsid10825005 for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364  OE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364\charrsid10825005  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364\charrsid80962 Eald-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364\charrsid10825005 
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 Al(f)- (MS }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364 Alu-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 ) for OE }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14562923 \'c6}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364 lf-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364\charrsid80962 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 \tab \tab \tab \tab Bald- (MS and translation form) for OG }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364 Bald-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364\charrsid8523189 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 \tab \tab \tab \tab {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Bern-{\*\xmlclose} (MS and translation form) for OE }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364 Beorn- }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10568364 and OG }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Bern-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364\charrsid80962 {\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364\charrsid10825005 \tab \tab \tab \tab Brict- }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 (MS }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364 Brict-, Brist-, Brics-, Briht-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364  etc.) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364\charrsid10825005 for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364  OE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364\charrsid10825005  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid10568364\charrsid80962 Beorht-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364\charrsid10825005 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 \tab \tab \tab \tab Ceol- (MS }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364 Cel-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 ) for OE }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364 Ceol-}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364\charrsid80962 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364\charrsid10825005 \tab \tab \tab \tab Ed- }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 (MS and translation form) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364\charrsid10825005 for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 OE }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364\charrsid80962 Ead-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364\charrsid10825005 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364\charrsid10825005 Ern- }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 (MS and translation form) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10568364\charrsid10825005 for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 OE }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364 Earn-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364\charrsid10825005  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 \tab \tab \tab \tab Lam- (MS }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364\charrsid10825005 Lan-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 ) 
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab Leof- (MS }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364 Lef-, Leu(e)-, Lep-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 etc.) for OE }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364 Leof-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid10568364\charrsid8523189 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 \tab \tab \tab \tab Ord- (MS and translation form) for OE }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364 Ord-
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 \tab \tab \tab \tab Os- (MS and translation form) for OE }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364 Os-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364\charrsid10827854 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 \tab \tab \tab \tab Sae- (MS }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364 Sa-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 ) for OE \-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid10568364\charrsid10827854 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14562923 \'e6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364\charrsid10827854 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364\charrsid10827854 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 \tab \tab \tab \tab Si- (MS and translation form) for OE }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364 Sige-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364\charrsid10827854 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 \tab \tab \tab \tab Theo- (MS }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364 Ted-, Tet-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 ) for OG }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364 
Theo-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364\charrsid10827854 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 \tab \tab \tab \tab Thor- (MS }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364\charrsid10825005 Tur-, Tor-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 ) for ON /ODan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid10568364 Thor-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364\charrsid10827854 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 \tab \tab \tab \tab Ulf- (MS and translation form) for ON/ODan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364 Ulf-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364\charrsid10827854 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 \tab \tab \tab \tab Wulf- (MS }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364\charrsid10825005 Ulf-, Ul-, Wl(f)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364  for OE }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid10568364 Wulf-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364\charrsid10825005 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 Also (apparently):
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab Had- (MS and translation form) for OE }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364 Heathu-
\par \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 \tab Hard- (MS and translation form) for OE }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5903949 Heard-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364\charrsid11403613 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid13316161\charrsid13316161 Final elements}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13316161 : }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 -bald (MS }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364 -bald, }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364\charrsid11403613 -bold}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 ) for OG }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364 -bald}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364  and OE -}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364 beald}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364\charrsid15605998 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 \tab \tab \tab \tab -bert (MS }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364 \endash bert, -ber, -bric}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid10568364\charrsid15605998 -brict}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 ) for OG }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364 -bert}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364  and OE }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid10568364 -beorht}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364\charrsid15605998 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 \tab \tab \tab \tab -{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}bern{\*\xmlclose} (MS }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364 \endash ber, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}bern}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 {\*\xmlclose}) for OG  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364 -{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}bern}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10568364\charrsid10825005 {\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
\par \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 \tab -eva (MS }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364\charrsid10825005 -geva, -giva}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364 , -eva, -iva}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10568364  etc.) for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364\charrsid10825005 OE }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364\charrsid12993940 -{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}gifu}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 {\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab -got (MS }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364 -got, -cot, -god}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 ) for OG and ODan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364 \endash got, -gut 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 \tab \tab \tab \tab -gar (MS }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364 -gar, -ger, -car}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 ) for OE -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid10568364 gar
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 \tab \tab \tab \tab -geat (MS }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364 -get, -giet, -iet, -ied, -et, -ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364  etc.) for OE }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364 -geat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364\charrsid15141625 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 \tab \tab \tab \tab -ger (MS }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364 -ger, -gar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 ) for OG }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364 -ger}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364  
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab -gyth (MS }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364 -ith, -it, -iet, -id. -gid, -ged, -ed, -ad}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364  etc.) for OE }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364 -gyth}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364\charrsid15141625 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364 \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 -hard (MS }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364 \endash ard}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 ) for OG }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364 -(h)ard}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364\charrsid7960325 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 \tab \tab \tab \tab -heah (MS -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364 ac,- ag, -ec, -eg}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 ) for OE }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid10568364 -heah
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 \tab \tab \tab \tab -here (MS }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364 -er, -ere}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 ) for OE }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid10568364\charrsid7960325 -here}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364\charrsid10825005 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 \tab \tab \tab \tab -lac (MS and translation form) for OE }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364 -lac}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364\charrsid16087252 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364\charrsid10825005 \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid10568364 -mer (MS }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid10568364\charrsid7761395 -mer, -mar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid10568364 ) for OE }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid10568364\charrsid16087252 -m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid14562923 \'e6r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid10568364 
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab -mund }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 (MS and translation form) for OG }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364 -mund}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab -noth (MS }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364 -nod, -not, -noth}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 ) for OE }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13316161 -noth}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid10568364\charrsid16087252 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid10568364 \tab \tab \tab \tab -old (MS }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid10568364 \endash ald, -olt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid10568364 ) for OG }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid10568364 \endash ald, -old
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid10568364 -red (MS }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid10568364 red, -ret, -rad, -erd, -ert}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid10568364 ) for OE }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid10568364 -r\'e6d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid10568364\charrsid1342216 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid10568364\charrsid7761395 \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid10568364 \tab -ric (MS }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid10568364 -ric, -rich}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid10568364 ) for OG }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid10568364 -ric}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid10568364  and ON }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid10568364 -rikr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid10568364 
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid10568364\charrsid7761395 -si }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid10568364  (MS }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid10568364 -si, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid13316161 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid10568364 sy, -sic, -sid}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid10568364 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid10568364  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid10568364\charrsid7761395 for}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid13316161  OE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid10568364\charrsid1342216  -sige}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid10568364 
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab -sten (MS }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid10568364\charrsid1342216 -sten}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid10568364 , -stan, -stin, -steinn}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid10568364  etc.) for ON }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid10568364 -steinn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid10568364 
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab -w- or -fw- (MS }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid10568364 -uu-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid10568364 ) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid10568364\charrsid1342216 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid10568364\charrsid7761395 \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid10568364  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10568364\charrsid10825005 -ward}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364  (MS }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364\charrsid806868 -uuard}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364 , -uard, -uuart, -uart, -uord}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364\charrsid10825005  for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364  OE }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364\charrsid806868 -weard}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 and OG
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364 -ward}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364\charrsid806868 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364\charrsid10825005 \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364\charrsid10825005 -win }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 
(MS }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364 -uuin, -uuine, -uin, -uine, -uui}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 ) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364\charrsid10825005 for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 
 OE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364\charrsid10825005  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364\charrsid806868 -wine}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364  and OG }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364 -win
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364\charrsid806868 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364\charrsid10825005 \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364\charrsid10825005 -wold}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 
 (MS }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364 -uuald, -uuold, -uuolt, -uuol, -uold }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 etc.)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364\charrsid10825005  for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10568364  OE }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364\charrsid806868 -weald}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364\charrsid12734885 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364\charrsid10825005 \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 \tab -wulf (MS }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364\charrsid10825005  -ul, -ulf}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364 , -olf}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 ) for OE }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364 -wulf}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364  and OG }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid10568364 -wulf}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364\charrsid12734885 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364\charrsid10825005 \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364\charrsid10825005 -wy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364  (MS }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364 -uui, -uuic, -ui, -uit, -uid, -uuin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364\charrsid10825005  for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 
OE }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364\charrsid12734885 -wig}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364  and OG }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364 -wig}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364\charrsid12734885 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364\charrsid10825005 -wynn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364  (MS }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13316161 -}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364 en}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364\charrsid12993940 -ene}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 ) for OE -}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364 wynn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364\charrsid12993940 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 Also (apparently) -frith (MS }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364 -frid, -fert, -ferd, -uert, -uerd, -fort, -ford}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 ) for OE }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364 -frith}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 , to be distinguished from OG -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10568364 frid}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364\charrsid13655831 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid9633916\yts15 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 
\trowd \irow0\irowband0\ltrrow\ts15\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 
\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth8856\clshdrawnil \cellx8748\row \ltrrow}\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid10568364\yts15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid13316161 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13316161 \trowd \irow1\irowband1\lastrow \ltrrow\ts15\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 \trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol\tblind0\tblindtype3 
\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth8856\clshdrawnil \cellx8748\row }\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9633916 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3364675 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8212162 6. I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16007166 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8212162  the particular case where the manuscript}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827143  form can represent either Old English}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3364675\charrsid10825005  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid14562923 \'c6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3364675\charrsid9448239 lf-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3364675 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14562923  \'c6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid3364675\charrsid9448239 thel-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3364675 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3364675\charrsid9448239  Ealh-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3364675\charrsid10825005 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3364675  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3364675 Eald-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8212162 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3364675\charrsid10825005 the base-form (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid3364675\charrsid9448239 Al-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3364675\charrsid10825005 ) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8212162 has been used}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827143 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8212162  as suggested by John Dodgson}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827143 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8212162\charrsid8212162  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8212162 and as appears in von Feilitzen, }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8212162 Personal Names of Domesday Book}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8212162  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3364675\charrsid10825005 (see p. 142)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8212162 
, though John Morris'}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13316161  final}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3364675  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8212162 elements to have been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3364675  retained}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3364675\charrsid10825005 . Thus: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3364675\charrsid16007166 Aleva, Alfled, A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13316161 lfrith, Algar, Algard, Algeat, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3364675\charrsid16007166 Almer, Almund, Alnoth, Alred, Alric, Alsi, Alstan, Alswith, Althryth, Alward, Alware, Alwin, Alwold, Alwy, Alwynn).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3364675\charrsid10825005  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16007166 Where the individual can be identified, this is placed in square brackets: Alric [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16007166\charrsid10825005 Aelfric}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16007166 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16007166\charrsid10825005  son of Goding}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16007166  .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3364675 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16007166\charrsid10825005 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16007166 7. Where a document such as the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16007166\charrsid16007166 Liber Exoniensis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16007166 , the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid16007166\charrsid16007166 Inquisitio El}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16007166 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16007166\charrsid16007166 ensis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16007166 , the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16007166\charrsid16007166 Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16007166 , or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16007166\charrsid16007166 Domesday Monachorum}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16007166 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13316161 which are }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16007166 closely related to Domesday}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13316161 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16007166  provides a different name-form for the same individual, it is the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827143 standardization of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16007166 
form given in Domesday itself that is included in the translation. The discrepant form, even if }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11420072 it is fuller or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16007166 more likely}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11420072 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16007166  is given in brackets or in the notes. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11420072 Thus }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11420072 Aluuoldus}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11420072  in DEV 16,174 appears as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11420072 Adeluuoldus}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11420072  in the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13316161  corresponding entry in the}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11420072  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11420072\charrsid16729895 Liber Exoniensis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11420072 . He appears as Alwold [Aethelwold] in the translation, with an appropriate note. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16729895 The same applies when any individual can be identified from another source which shows that the Domesday form is mangled or erroneous. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11420072 
Where the person is well-known, the commonly used form of his name is plac}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16729895 ed in square brackets after it: for example, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11420072 Bishop Almer [Aethelmer] of Thetford}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16729895 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827143  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16729895  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11420072 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9633916 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7821072 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9633916 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916 The traditional spelling of important people, mostly kings and queens, earls and countesses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2848861 , abbots and bishops}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7821072 for example, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 Alfred, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916 
Edgar, Edith, Edmund, Edward, Edwin, Godiva, Harold,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7821072  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2848861  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916 Morcar, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2848861 
Oswald}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7821072 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2848861  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916 Siward, Stigand, Swein, Tosti, Waltheof etc.) has been retained.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7821072 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916 . In the case of Norman and Breton n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916\charrsid11472858 ames}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9633916  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916\charrsid11472858 which are}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9633916  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916 predomina}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916\charrsid15207844 ntly}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916  those of 1086 holders, the modern English forms which descend from them, where they exist, are preferred: thus }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 Aubrey, Brian, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2848861 Gilbert,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916  Geoffrey}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 , Godfrey}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10568364 Harding, Henry, }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916 Ralph,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2848861  Richard, Robert, Roge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11420072 r, William}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916 .
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7821072 10}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916 
. Careful attention has been given to the context in which individual names occur in the text and this has been used where possible to decide between alternative for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7821072 ms of the names. Thus if a }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916 name}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7821072  of a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid7821072 T.R.E.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7821072  holder}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916 
, which has both an Old English and a Scandinavian form, occurs in a list of several holders who bear Scandinavian names, the Scandinavian option is preferred. Similarly with a 1086 tenant holding from or coupled with a {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
City}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Norman{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, the Old German or Old French form of the name is preferred to the Old English. The reasoning behind these choices is explored in the Notes. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid9633916\charrsid11472858 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827143 
Thus the overall principle is consistency: to leave in the Domesday spelling in italics forms that are obscure, and to regularize all others, noting, where possible, evidence that suggests that the Domesday form is in error}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15942501 , or that two apparently different names refer to one individual}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827143 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2848861 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827143 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10827143\charrsid10827143 Identifying Individuals}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10827143 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1907000 The principal ways in which}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2311214  individuals might}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827143  be identified}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1907000  are}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827143 :
\par 1. If they have a byname either in Domesday or in another document that can be securely connected with the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15942501 presumed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827143 individual's occurrence in Domesday.
\par 2.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2844398  By the fact that the lands}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827143  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2844398 held }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15942501 in 1066 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2844398 by a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7821072 person or persons}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2844398  having the same name reappear in more than one county in the fief of a particular tenant-in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15942501  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2844398 chief or gene}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7821072 rally pass to the same 1086 sub}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2844398 tenant. The rarer the name of the 
1066 holder, the more likely that one individual is involved.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15942501  Similarly, if a particular name appears as a subtenant more than once in the fief of a single tenant-in-chief.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10827143 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2844398 3. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1907000 By the geographical distribution o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15942501 f estates, that is if a particul}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1907000 ar name (the rarer the better) appears }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15942501 more than once }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1907000 in a pa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8933171 rticular locality or, if the person}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1907000  can be shown to be important}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15942501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1907000  in several clusters.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2844398 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1907000 4. If pairs or groups of the same names appear in more than one place, suggesting that the holders are kin-related.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid197870 5. If the assessed size of an estate is small or it is not valued at much it is less likely to have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7630825 been }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid197870 
held by an important thane or Norman.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15942501 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1907000 None of these methods is entirely convincing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15942501 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3958792 
It is uncertain what significance should be given to the distance between estates held by men of the same name. There is no reason to think that it was important to own }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid197870 or be a tenant of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3958792 estates that were within a day's travel: the owner }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid197870 or tenant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3958792 might in
 fact live on none of his estates, but merely enjoy their revenues}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid197870 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3958792  and in such a case the geographical spread }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid197870 (}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3958792 which might be the result of marriage or inheritance over more than }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid197870 one }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3958792 generation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid197870 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3958792  is of no importance.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8208137  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2311214 Spots}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8208137\charrsid2311214 
 on the map can produce spectres in the mist or imaginary ley lines}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3958792\charrsid2311214  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8208137\charrsid2311214 unl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2311214\charrsid2311214 ess there is some factual}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8208137\charrsid2311214 
 underpinning. The evidence of the wills of quite modest people or of their deeds of gift to churches might show that dispersed estates in the hands of one individual were not rare. The pro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2311214\charrsid2311214 
blem is that with a hundred undifferentiated men called Leofwin, any number of individual}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8208137\charrsid2311214 s (from one to a hundred}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2311214\charrsid2311214 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8208137\charrsid2311214  can be produced on the basis of unexamined and unproved or unprovable assumptions. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3958792\charrsid2311214 Further, the smallness of an estate is no guarantee that t
he individual was of no importance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3958792 , since even great thanes held estates of widely}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid197870  differing sizes, as did their }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3958792 
mighty Norman successors. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15942501 The bynames become problemati}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1907000 c when they are not used}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8933171 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1907000  as in cases w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8933171 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1907000 ere }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15942501 a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1907000 Harold might be Earl Ha}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8933171 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1907000 old or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15942501 a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8933171 Tosti }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid197870 the
 earl of that name}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10965360 , or where they a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8933171 re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10965360  quite common, such as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid10965360\charrsid10965360 cild}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1907000 . The others are subject to decreasing probabi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10965360 lity, especially since even in the case of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1907000  the predecessors of 1086 tenants-in-chief}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10965360  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8933171 particularly }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10965360 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1907000  the latter's subtenants, more than one individual of the same name may be involved. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid197870 
\par \tab E}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12653347 ven with very rare names there would sometimes seem to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid197870 have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12653347 be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid197870 en}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12653347  more than one}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11874177  person: there are only four mentions of the name Buggi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid197870  in Domesday}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11874177 , three}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12653347  in Nottinghamshire, where two holdings of apparently separate individuals called Buggi appear in one entry (NTT 14,2).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3958792 
 Moreover, the policy of the main scribe of Great Domesday led him to omit the names of a great many people, calling them merely 'thanes' or 'men of [the 1086 tenant-in-chief]', as}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid197870  shown by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3958792  a comparison between the returns in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3958792 Liber Exoniensis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3958792  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid197870 the counties in }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3958792 circuit II of Great Domesday}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid197870 . T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3958792 herefore the 'rarity' of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid197870 
a name in fact cannot be proven; i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3958792 ndeed, rarity is a difficult concept}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid197870 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3958792 
 bearing in mind that the individuals named in Domesday represent only a tiny percentage of those living in England in either 1066 or 1086.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid197870  Finally, the Domesday forms of names, where }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid7630825 Algar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid197870 us}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid197870  can represent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7630825 Old English }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid7630825 \'c6lfgar, \'c6thelgar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7630825  or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid7630825  Ealdgar }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7630825\charrsid6096554 or even}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid7630825  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7630825\charrsid7630825 Old Norse}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid7630825  Alfgeirr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7630825 , makes it even harder to link individu
als, let alone identify them. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1907000\charrsid197870 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1907000 \tab Nonetheless, these groups -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8933171  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1907000 the predec}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10965360 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1907000 ssors and the 1086 subtena}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10965360 nts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8933171  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10965360 - call out to be systematica}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1907000 lly studie}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10965360 d, and the aim of the present revision is to facilitate this}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1907000 . Possible individua}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10965360 liz}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1907000 ations}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15942501 , where there are bynames available,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1907000  are given in the translation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10965360  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1907000 between asterisks within square brackets. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15942501 In other cases it has been thought helpful to identify an individual by naming him from 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8933171 one of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15942501 his estate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8933171 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14750105 
 or, where his holding is not given a location, from the hundred or wapen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12653347 take i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14750105 n which it lay}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15942501 . These toponyms, 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15942501\charrsid14750105 placed within chevrons}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10965360\charrsid14750105 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15942501\charrsid14750105 
are markers or identifiers, but they are not used of the person concerned in Domesday or in any other source.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1907000\charrsid10827143 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid10827143\charrsid10827143 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2848861\charrsid2848861 BYNAMES
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2848861 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2848861\charrsid2848861 P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9633916\charrsid2848861 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9633916\charrsid3816476 tronymics}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9633916  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2848861  
\par \lquote S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916 on of\rquote  is used in place of 'fitz'.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2848861\charrsid2848861 Toponyms
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2848861 B}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916 oth English and French forms are preceded by \lquote of\rquote . Where the name is unidentified, it is left in Latin, in italics. Otherwise}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3031619 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916  the place-name is given its modern spelling}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916\charrsid11797810 
. Identifications that are certainly erroneous but which appeared in the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3031619  Phillimore}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916\charrsid11797810  pr
inted edition have been corrected. Uncertainties or alternative identifi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916 cations are referred t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11420072 o in the n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9633916\charrsid11797810 otes. An exception is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3031619 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916\charrsid11797810  however}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3031619 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9633916\charrsid11797810  made for major figures who have acquired a traditional name among historians and others. These names }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11420072 had already }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9633916\charrsid11797810 appeared in the printed edition. Thus }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916 de Mandeville, of Mortimer and d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11420072 \rquote Oilly have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9633916\charrsid11797810 not been replaced by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916\charrsid11797810 of Manneville}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916\charrsid11797810 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916\charrsid11797810 of Mortemer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9633916\charrsid11797810 , or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916\charrsid11797810 of Ouilly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9633916\charrsid11797810 . It should}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916\charrsid11797810  however}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9633916\charrsid11797810  be emphasized that it is not always certain that the English families with these names were derived from the holders }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916 listed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9633916\charrsid11797810 in Domesday Book}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916 ; t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916\charrsid11797810 hese Domesday holders are generally first generati}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9633916 on Normans, Bretons, Flemings or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916\charrsid11797810  Picardians, who still retained lands and often power at the places that give }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916 them t}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916\charrsid11797810 heir byname}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11420072 s. I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916 nhe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12452802 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11420072 ited surnames really begin with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916  the next or succeeding generations}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916\charrsid11797810 
. These French places of origin have mostly been drawn from Tengvik, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9633916\charrsid11797810 Old English Bynames}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916\charrsid11797810 , Loyd, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9633916\charrsid11797810 Some Anglo-Norman Families}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12452802 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916\charrsid11797810 and Keats-Rohan, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid9633916\charrsid11797810 Domesday People}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916\charrsid11420072 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916\charrsid11797810  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916 
Information concerning the location of French places (d\'e9partement, arrondissement, canton, commune) has been taken from the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9633916\charrsid14964887 Dictionnaire National des Communes de France}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916 , {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Paris{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} (2001). 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2848861\charrsid2848861 O}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9633916\charrsid2848861 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2848861 cupational N}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid9633916\charrsid3816476 ames}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2848861 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11420072 The definite article, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916 \lquote the\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11420072 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916  is u}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11420072 sed at all times and the occupation not capitalized; thus:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916 
 Ansger the cook, Waleran the hunter, William the usher. In many cases the detail of Domesday Book or the later history of the family or of the estate show that the holder }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11420072 really }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916 was a butler or steward. The alternative (that the name has, by 1086, become a surname) is scarcely ever demonstrable.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2848861 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2848861 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9633916\charrsid2848861 Bynames derived from attributes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9633916\charrsid3816476  of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid9633916\charrsid3816476 physique or character}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2848861 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11420072 These }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916 are usually translated, but some of the more flamboyant translations of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3031619  Phillimore}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9633916  printed edition have been revised}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12452802 , and where there is doubt the f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3031619 orm found in the MS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12452802  has been retained; thus }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11420072 Osmund }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12452802\charrsid11420072 Benz}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11420072\charrsid11420072  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11420072\charrsid11420072 (DBY 17,13)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12452802  is preferred to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11420072 Osmund }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12452802\charrsid12452802 Bent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2848861 .
\par 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\insrsid3364675\charrsid3364675 3. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\insrsid9050241\charrsid3364675 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\insrsid2848861\charrsid3364675 
ELIGIOUS HOUSES}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\insrsid9050241\charrsid3364675 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx284\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6848000 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9050241 Domesday Book often uses }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid9050241\charrsid3816476 ecclesia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9050241  (\lquote church\rquote ) for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3816476\charrsid3816476 abbatia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9050241  (\lquote 
abbey\rquote )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9569331 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3031619 and sometimes uses both terms for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9569331  the same place}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9050241 
. The translation reproduces what Domesday Book says, but a note explains the type and status of the church, whether abbey, churc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3816476 h, cathedral, secular college,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9050241 
 minster}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3816476  or other}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9050241 . A further note gives a brief history of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3816476 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9050241 
eligious house in question and brief i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3816476 nformation on its abbots, abbesses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9050241 , bishops and archbishops for the per}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3816476 i}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9050241 od from 1066 to 1086}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3031619 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9050241\charrsid15207844 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8085965 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12208325 F}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10446743 .R. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12208325 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10446743 horn
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12136817 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10446743 .M.J. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12136817 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10446743 horn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9569331 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10446743 December }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12208325 2005}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10446743\charrsid8085965 
\par }}